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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,900 --> 00:00:02,959 In the weeks leading up to any manned space mission... 2 00:00:03,102 --> 00:00:06,970 the crew and the spacecraft are put through a series of dress rehearsals... 3 00:00:07,073 --> 00:00:09,906 each one more like the real thing than the last. 4 00:00:10,009 --> 00:00:12,910 The "plugs out" test is just one of these. 5 00:00:13,012 --> 00:00:15,071 The crew is wearing full pressure suits... 6 00:00:15,214 --> 00:00:16,704 locked inside the hatch... 7 00:00:16,849 --> 00:00:20,341 confirming that the spacecraft can operate under its own power... 8 00:00:20,486 --> 00:00:23,978 with all the umbilical plugs connecting it to the ground removed. 9 00:00:24,123 --> 00:00:25,647 Even for the very first Apollo mission... 10 00:00:25,792 --> 00:00:29,558 the plugs out test was routine and hardly considered hazardous. 11 00:00:29,662 --> 00:00:32,495 For astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee... 12 00:00:32,598 --> 00:00:34,930 it was supposed to be just another long afternoon... 13 00:00:35,034 --> 00:00:38,435 spent on their backs inside the Apollo 1 command module. 14 00:00:38,571 --> 00:00:41,005 Another test of the complicated vehicle... 15 00:00:41,107 --> 00:00:44,042 that would someday perhaps take all three of them... 16 00:00:44,177 --> 00:00:46,441 on a voyage from the Earth to the moon. 17 00:00:50,716 --> 00:00:53,947 Okay, Command Pilot, how do you read? 18 00:00:54,053 --> 00:00:56,886 I read you loud and clear. 19 00:00:56,989 --> 00:00:58,513 Read me? 20 00:00:58,658 --> 00:01:00,421 You're pretty garbled here, Gus. 21 00:01:00,526 --> 00:01:02,050 Senior Pilot, can you hear us? 22 00:01:03,229 --> 00:01:05,789 Yeah, coming through loud and clear. 23 00:01:05,932 --> 00:01:09,459 Okay, Ed, you're worse than Gus. How 'bout you, Roger? 24 00:01:09,602 --> 00:01:13,129 Okay, pilot reads you five by five. 25 00:01:13,272 --> 00:01:15,137 Roger, you are just a little bit better. 26 00:01:15,241 --> 00:01:17,175 Better than Ed or better than Gus? 27 00:01:17,310 --> 00:01:18,777 Better than both. 28 00:01:18,911 --> 00:01:20,401 That's what I always say. 29 00:01:20,546 --> 00:01:24,175 Gus, what we'd like to do is use strictly S-band communications. 30 00:01:24,317 --> 00:01:26,251 See if we can clear this up. 31 00:01:26,352 --> 00:01:29,185 Can we get all three of you in the S-band mode? 32 00:01:29,288 --> 00:01:31,813 We're all now in the S-band. 33 00:01:31,958 --> 00:01:33,926 That's real clean, Gus. 34 00:01:34,060 --> 00:01:36,790 Let's try one more and maybe we can make the run. 35 00:01:36,896 --> 00:01:39,524 Okay. This is the command pilot. 36 00:01:39,665 --> 00:01:43,567 One, two, three, four, five. 37 00:01:43,703 --> 00:01:47,469 You're garbled, but I think we can get through like this. 38 00:01:47,573 --> 00:01:50,303 Senior Pilot, one more time, please. 39 00:01:50,409 --> 00:01:52,434 Roger. Senior pilot's transmitting. 40 00:01:52,578 --> 00:01:55,911 One, two, three, four. 41 00:01:56,015 --> 00:01:58,074 I have senior pilot. 42 00:01:58,217 --> 00:02:00,708 We're not copying anybody five by. 43 00:02:00,853 --> 00:02:02,980 We've tried about every mode. 44 00:02:03,122 --> 00:02:04,987 We never did hear the pilot. 45 00:02:05,091 --> 00:02:07,685 Pilot hasn't talked yet. How's this? 46 00:02:07,827 --> 00:02:11,126 One, two, three, four, five. 47 00:02:11,230 --> 00:02:14,063 Okay, roger. You're all comin' in about the same. 48 00:02:14,166 --> 00:02:17,465 Bear with us, because sometimes we don't get your transmissions. 49 00:02:17,570 --> 00:02:19,470 Okay, SDC. 50 00:02:22,441 --> 00:02:26,309 If you run into many more communications problems-- We're down. Copy? 51 00:02:26,412 --> 00:02:27,936 Steve, I need you at the phone. 52 00:02:28,080 --> 00:02:29,809 I didn't read you, Chuck, at all. 53 00:02:29,916 --> 00:02:32,714 I can't read you, Chuck. Wanna try the phone? 54 00:02:32,818 --> 00:02:37,118 How are we gonna get to the moon if we can't talk between three buildings? 55 00:02:37,223 --> 00:02:39,714 Didn't read you. Can you repeat? 56 00:02:39,859 --> 00:02:42,657 I can't hear a thing they're saying. Jesus Christ. 57 00:02:42,762 --> 00:02:44,821 I said, how are we gonna get to the moon... 58 00:02:44,964 --> 00:02:47,694 if we can't talk between two or three buildings? 59 00:02:48,123 --> 00:02:51,197 Subtitles downloaded from www.OpenSubtitles.org 60 00:02:56,809 --> 00:03:00,006 - Okay, that's a little better, Chuck. - Give us a count on black-three. 61 00:03:00,112 --> 00:03:03,275 We'll try to figure out why you're coming in on black-two. 62 00:03:03,382 --> 00:03:08,081 Okay. You want us to sit by here till we get this stuff squared away? 63 00:03:08,187 --> 00:03:10,018 Uh, Chuck, I didn't read-- 64 00:03:10,122 --> 00:03:13,091 Test countdown hold continues at T minus ten. 65 00:03:14,593 --> 00:03:15,685 Apollo 1, how do you read? 66 00:03:20,099 --> 00:03:21,999 Apollo 1, how do you read? 67 00:03:27,206 --> 00:03:31,609 I read you fine. The problem is you're not reading me. 68 00:03:31,711 --> 00:03:34,509 We're gonna get a new backup system. 69 00:03:34,613 --> 00:03:38,674 I sent a guy out for a couple of empty soup cans and some string. 70 00:03:38,818 --> 00:03:40,718 A lot of string. 71 00:03:40,820 --> 00:03:42,720 Really getting ridiculous. 72 00:03:49,996 --> 00:03:51,725 Sounds like we got an open mike. 73 00:03:53,299 --> 00:03:54,732 - We better find it. - Fire! 74 00:03:56,202 --> 00:03:58,432 We got a fire in the cockpit! 75 00:03:58,537 --> 00:04:01,028 - Did he say "fire"? - On the monitor! 76 00:04:03,709 --> 00:04:05,108 We got a bad fire! 77 00:04:54,827 --> 00:04:56,761 We keeping you from something, Stormy? 78 00:04:56,896 --> 00:04:59,865 Rick's rehearsal dinner. I promised Phyllis I wouldn't be late. 79 00:04:59,999 --> 00:05:02,593 Sure she's never heard that before. 80 00:05:02,735 --> 00:05:05,329 Control is on the line from the Cape. There's a fire in the spacecraft. 81 00:05:27,626 --> 00:05:30,424 Mr. Shea, I was just trying the house. 82 00:05:30,529 --> 00:05:32,463 I thought you were going straight home from the airport. 83 00:05:32,565 --> 00:05:35,796 I have a couple of things I still need to take a look at. 84 00:05:35,901 --> 00:05:38,802 Mission Control just called. There's some situation with the test. 85 00:05:38,904 --> 00:05:40,394 They wanted you to come over right away. 86 00:05:42,675 --> 00:05:44,575 What kind of situation? 87 00:06:34,260 --> 00:06:36,319 Chris. What's goin' on? 88 00:06:38,597 --> 00:06:39,894 We lost the crew. 89 00:06:41,700 --> 00:06:43,668 There was a fire. The crew is-- 90 00:06:45,371 --> 00:06:47,100 They're dead. 91 00:07:19,805 --> 00:07:20,772 Jan. 92 00:07:56,575 --> 00:07:58,509 Would you like a sedative, Betty? 93 00:07:58,644 --> 00:08:00,578 - Something-- - No, thank you. 94 00:08:02,114 --> 00:08:04,344 I've got a lot of important decisions to make in the next few days. 95 00:08:04,450 --> 00:08:06,850 I don't wanna be zonked out on pills. 96 00:08:11,824 --> 00:08:13,724 Better go call Gus' folks. 97 00:08:32,611 --> 00:08:35,546 Martha, Mike Collins is here. 98 00:09:10,382 --> 00:09:12,509 Just so you know, Joe... 99 00:09:12,651 --> 00:09:14,482 the suits failed but they-- 100 00:09:15,988 --> 00:09:18,718 The doctors said they didn't burn to death. 101 00:09:18,824 --> 00:09:19,756 It was the smoke. 102 00:09:19,858 --> 00:09:21,792 They were asphyxiated. 103 00:10:02,801 --> 00:10:04,291 Hello? Anybody home? 104 00:10:05,704 --> 00:10:07,604 Mom? Dad? 105 00:10:31,563 --> 00:10:33,053 Could have been any of us in there. 106 00:10:34,600 --> 00:10:36,090 Hell, it almost was me. 107 00:10:37,035 --> 00:10:39,162 I was gonna sit in the spacecraft for the test. 108 00:10:39,304 --> 00:10:42,205 - Either me or Joe. - What? 109 00:10:42,307 --> 00:10:44,673 We'd been havin' so many problems with the communications system... 110 00:10:44,777 --> 00:10:49,146 we thought it might be a good idea to have somebody in there listening in. 111 00:10:52,951 --> 00:10:55,215 So up until breakfast this mornin'... 112 00:10:55,320 --> 00:10:59,347 Joe Shea and I were gonna flip a coin to see who got to ride with the guys. 113 00:10:59,491 --> 00:11:02,517 - Where would we sit? - Not on my lap, that's for damn sure. 114 00:11:04,129 --> 00:11:07,587 We could fit one person across the cabin underneath the foot rail. 115 00:11:07,733 --> 00:11:09,030 Whichever one of us is going in there... 116 00:11:09,134 --> 00:11:11,534 we'll be able to hear what you fellas are hearing. 117 00:11:11,637 --> 00:11:13,264 Which won't be much. 118 00:11:13,405 --> 00:11:14,997 Approximately. 119 00:11:15,140 --> 00:11:16,471 Approximately? 120 00:11:16,575 --> 00:11:18,805 We can't patch you into the cabin comm lines. 121 00:11:18,911 --> 00:11:22,745 We'd have to run a separate line through the hatch. 122 00:11:22,848 --> 00:11:26,181 Then the hatch would have to be open. That's not gonna work. 123 00:11:26,285 --> 00:11:30,312 We decided that if we weren't gonna hear exactly what they were hearing... 124 00:11:30,456 --> 00:11:32,583 there really wasn't much point. 125 00:11:40,299 --> 00:11:43,029 Hell, we've been doin' that test since Mercury, Frank. 126 00:11:45,871 --> 00:11:49,534 Joe flew back to Houston and I went for the pad. 127 00:11:50,676 --> 00:11:53,110 Don't really know why I went out there with the guys. 128 00:11:53,245 --> 00:11:55,611 I usually don't. 129 00:11:55,714 --> 00:12:01,118 Think I just really wanted to ride in the spacecraft. 130 00:12:01,220 --> 00:12:05,520 At least see what it was like to ride the test out up there. 131 00:12:13,398 --> 00:12:14,888 But, anyway. 132 00:12:20,739 --> 00:12:22,639 I'm kinda concerned about Joe. 133 00:12:26,111 --> 00:12:28,011 I saw him up at the tower... 134 00:12:29,114 --> 00:12:31,014 but I don't know how he's handling it. 135 00:12:33,886 --> 00:12:35,285 How are you handling it? 136 00:12:43,896 --> 00:12:45,659 I'm drunk. 137 00:12:48,133 --> 00:12:49,225 The thing is-- 138 00:12:50,369 --> 00:12:52,098 You and I... 139 00:12:52,204 --> 00:12:54,866 we both know that people die.... 140 00:12:55,007 --> 00:12:56,565 testing unproved aircraft. 141 00:12:56,708 --> 00:12:57,868 Happens all the time. 142 00:12:58,010 --> 00:12:59,910 It's not nice and we don't like it... 143 00:13:01,413 --> 00:13:03,904 but we all knew it'd happen someday. 144 00:13:04,049 --> 00:13:04,947 No, Deke. 145 00:13:06,218 --> 00:13:08,152 We all knew it'd happen someday in space. 146 00:13:11,189 --> 00:13:13,453 It's one thing to die on a mission. 147 00:13:13,559 --> 00:13:17,552 It's another to die on the pad during a routine goddamn test. 148 00:13:20,832 --> 00:13:22,959 Senator Mondale's thoughts are with the families... 149 00:13:23,101 --> 00:13:25,535 of these three brave Americans. 150 00:13:25,637 --> 00:13:27,002 That's it. 151 00:13:28,106 --> 00:13:29,004 That's it for now. 152 00:13:29,107 --> 00:13:31,132 Seen the Times? Listen to this. 153 00:13:31,276 --> 00:13:32,868 "The astronauts were badly burned. 154 00:13:33,011 --> 00:13:36,412 Rescue workers needed five hours to remove their bodies." 155 00:13:36,548 --> 00:13:38,015 I always knew this was a waste of money. 156 00:13:38,150 --> 00:13:40,141 Turns out it's a dangerous waste of money. 157 00:13:41,286 --> 00:13:43,777 For five, six years, they've been spending money hand over fist. 158 00:13:43,922 --> 00:13:46,720 No one's been able to do anything about it. Until now. 159 00:13:46,825 --> 00:13:49,089 - We're going to look into this. - I talked to Anderson's office. 160 00:13:49,194 --> 00:13:51,856 He wants to wait until NASA's finished its own-- 161 00:13:51,997 --> 00:13:54,488 Its own investigation? For Christ's sake! 162 00:13:54,633 --> 00:13:57,534 That's the fox guarding the henhouse! It'll be a complete and utter-- 163 00:13:57,636 --> 00:13:59,194 Whitewash. 164 00:13:59,338 --> 00:14:01,966 They don't like NASA employees investigating NASA. 165 00:14:02,107 --> 00:14:04,405 As far as I'm concerned... 166 00:14:04,509 --> 00:14:09,708 I didn't come here from Langley to put a good face on this for my employers. 167 00:14:09,815 --> 00:14:13,251 The way I see it, while we're doing this... 168 00:14:13,385 --> 00:14:15,819 we're not working for NASA. 169 00:14:17,022 --> 00:14:19,149 We're working for Gus... 170 00:14:19,291 --> 00:14:22,283 and Ed and Roger. 171 00:14:25,497 --> 00:14:28,261 You're each gonna head up a panel or two. 172 00:14:28,367 --> 00:14:32,269 Max, I want you to go over all the data that came out of the spacecraft. 173 00:14:32,404 --> 00:14:35,635 Printouts, voice transmissions, everything. 174 00:14:35,741 --> 00:14:38,676 Pin down the precise sequence of events. 175 00:14:38,777 --> 00:14:42,076 We're going to have one panel focusing squarely on the fire. 176 00:14:42,180 --> 00:14:45,377 How it started, how it spread. They'll be reporting to Dr. Robert Van Dolah... 177 00:14:45,484 --> 00:14:48,510 of the Bureau of Mines Explosives Research Center. 178 00:14:50,522 --> 00:14:52,581 I want you to head up the panel... 179 00:14:52,724 --> 00:14:55,591 responsible for dismantling the spacecraft. 180 00:15:06,371 --> 00:15:07,269 Sorry I'm late. 181 00:15:08,206 --> 00:15:10,174 Got a call from Joe Shea. 182 00:15:12,010 --> 00:15:14,035 Stormy, he had a good idea. 183 00:15:14,179 --> 00:15:17,706 If they're gonna use spacecraft 14 as a model for taking apart 12... 184 00:15:17,849 --> 00:15:19,749 before they remove a screw from 12... 185 00:15:19,851 --> 00:15:22,081 they'll try it out first on 14. 186 00:15:22,187 --> 00:15:23,586 Fine. 187 00:15:25,857 --> 00:15:28,690 - We're gonna help them any way we can. - I know. 188 00:15:28,794 --> 00:15:31,786 But we've also gotta get the block twos ready to fly. 189 00:15:33,498 --> 00:15:34,590 Anything else? 190 00:15:36,201 --> 00:15:37,498 Do you think they're gonna try to nail us for this? 191 00:15:37,602 --> 00:15:40,696 How can they nail us, Bud? It wasn't our fault. 192 00:16:24,382 --> 00:16:27,215 We were gonna run an emergency egress test at the end of the plugs out. 193 00:16:27,319 --> 00:16:29,549 See how fast they could get out of there. 194 00:16:29,654 --> 00:16:32,020 How far did Ed manage to turn the latch handle? 195 00:16:32,124 --> 00:16:33,091 We don't know. 196 00:16:33,225 --> 00:16:35,216 Even if he'd managed to turn the handle all the way-- 197 00:16:35,360 --> 00:16:38,523 He still never would have gotten out. It's an inward opening hatch. 198 00:16:38,663 --> 00:16:41,461 As strong as Ed was, the pressure in the cabin from the fire and the smoke... 199 00:16:41,566 --> 00:16:43,466 would have been too much for him to pull against. 200 00:16:45,837 --> 00:16:47,270 You know what haunts me? 201 00:16:47,372 --> 00:16:50,364 In a way, if it wasn't for me... 202 00:16:50,509 --> 00:16:52,500 the fire might not have been fatal. 203 00:16:53,445 --> 00:16:55,106 Why is that? 204 00:16:55,247 --> 00:16:58,705 The capsules in the Mercury program had explosive hatches, right? 205 00:16:58,850 --> 00:17:01,341 You pull a lever and bam, you're outta there in a second. 206 00:17:03,021 --> 00:17:04,716 Remember when Gus' capsule sank... 207 00:17:04,856 --> 00:17:08,292 and everyone said he must have blown the hatch by accident? 208 00:17:08,426 --> 00:17:09,950 I was on the review board for that. 209 00:17:11,029 --> 00:17:13,623 I was the one who found out Gus was telling the truth. 210 00:17:13,765 --> 00:17:16,928 The hatch could blow by itself. 211 00:17:17,068 --> 00:17:20,560 It was because of that they decided not to use an explosive hatch with Apollo. 212 00:17:24,943 --> 00:17:26,535 Nice irony, huh? 213 00:17:27,846 --> 00:17:30,406 If I hadn't proved Gus right... 214 00:17:30,549 --> 00:17:34,451 we might have had an explosive hatch on this spacecraft... 215 00:17:34,586 --> 00:17:38,545 in which case, Gus and the boys would still be alive and well. 216 00:17:46,298 --> 00:17:48,198 I'm not a big fan of irony. 217 00:17:50,302 --> 00:17:52,202 Got a bad fire! 218 00:18:05,884 --> 00:18:07,784 Got a bad fire! 219 00:18:46,625 --> 00:18:49,492 I'm going now, Mr. Shea. Is there anything I can get you? 220 00:18:49,594 --> 00:18:52,188 You believe in time travel, Kathy? 221 00:18:52,330 --> 00:18:55,925 I mean, if you could go back in time. 222 00:18:56,067 --> 00:18:58,365 What would you do? 223 00:18:59,304 --> 00:19:02,899 I mean, I'd be on that spacecraft for the test. 224 00:19:04,843 --> 00:19:06,743 That's where I'd be. 225 00:19:11,549 --> 00:19:13,107 Good night, sir. 226 00:19:25,030 --> 00:19:28,761 Next is TPS4CM183. 227 00:19:28,867 --> 00:19:32,530 Item 1018. Panel 209 mount: upper right. 228 00:19:33,972 --> 00:19:36,406 Panel 209 mount: upper right. 229 00:19:42,514 --> 00:19:45,210 Counterclockwise rotation. Twenty-two pounds torque. 230 00:19:49,988 --> 00:19:51,888 Release at 22.5. 231 00:19:55,160 --> 00:19:57,924 Confirmed. Panel 209 mount: upper right. 232 00:19:58,029 --> 00:20:00,054 Threading intact. No visible marking. 233 00:20:02,100 --> 00:20:04,762 22.5. Noted. 234 00:20:04,903 --> 00:20:07,064 Hold on. I think you're gonna want to see this. 235 00:20:10,475 --> 00:20:12,375 It's a socket wrench. 236 00:20:13,511 --> 00:20:16,446 We found it behind the panel door. 237 00:20:16,581 --> 00:20:19,516 Must have been left there by one of the North American workmen. 238 00:20:19,651 --> 00:20:21,551 There's no other reasonable explanation for it. 239 00:20:22,387 --> 00:20:24,287 Socket wrench? 240 00:20:25,890 --> 00:20:27,380 Did it have anything to do with the fire? 241 00:20:28,727 --> 00:20:31,025 We haven't finished our analysis, but I'd have to say no. 242 00:20:31,129 --> 00:20:34,394 That's a long way away from where we think that fire started. 243 00:20:34,499 --> 00:20:37,730 But it still shouldn't have been there, should it? 244 00:20:38,603 --> 00:20:39,968 No, sir. 245 00:20:41,840 --> 00:20:45,003 I think we better hear what North American has to say. 246 00:21:01,526 --> 00:21:02,823 Gentlemen. 247 00:21:02,927 --> 00:21:05,862 This is off the record. 248 00:21:05,964 --> 00:21:08,933 First off, I want to thank Stormy and Joe for coming to talk to us. 249 00:21:09,067 --> 00:21:11,627 We're going to be writing this report in the next three weeks... 250 00:21:11,770 --> 00:21:15,137 and we have some questions for you that might help us clear some things up. 251 00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:17,902 Stormy, let's start with you. 252 00:21:19,577 --> 00:21:22,171 - I'm sure you've seen this. - Yes, I've seen that. 253 00:21:22,313 --> 00:21:24,679 Leaving that wrench in those wires... 254 00:21:24,783 --> 00:21:26,375 was careless and sloppy. 255 00:21:26,518 --> 00:21:28,645 When we find the person responsible... 256 00:21:28,787 --> 00:21:32,188 we're going to make our displeasure known in the strongest possible way. 257 00:21:32,323 --> 00:21:33,813 But we all know that that wrench... 258 00:21:33,958 --> 00:21:36,620 had absolutely nothing to do with the fire. 259 00:21:43,568 --> 00:21:47,060 A number of people have told me Gus wasn't happy with North American. 260 00:21:48,339 --> 00:21:50,967 When he made suggestions or had complaints... 261 00:21:51,109 --> 00:21:52,872 he didn't think he was being listened to. 262 00:21:52,977 --> 00:21:55,002 We listened at first. 263 00:21:55,146 --> 00:21:57,580 But after a while, we had to stop listening. 264 00:21:57,682 --> 00:22:00,583 The good old days of Mercury and Gemini are gone. 265 00:22:00,685 --> 00:22:03,279 On Gemini, if you wanted to make a change in the spacecraft... 266 00:22:03,421 --> 00:22:05,480 all you had to do was call up old man McDonnell. 267 00:22:05,623 --> 00:22:09,024 Right? Well, you can't do that on Apollo. You know that. 268 00:22:09,127 --> 00:22:12,358 The smallest change has huge ramifications. 269 00:22:12,464 --> 00:22:15,524 Mercury missions. You launched, orbited, came back down. 270 00:22:15,667 --> 00:22:18,636 Hell, you could hold your breath through some of those flights. 271 00:22:18,770 --> 00:22:20,761 We're going to the moon now. 272 00:22:20,905 --> 00:22:23,533 So if the accusation is we haven't done everything... 273 00:22:23,675 --> 00:22:25,575 that you astronauts have asked us to do... 274 00:22:25,677 --> 00:22:27,770 all I can say is, "Guilty as charged!" 275 00:22:29,180 --> 00:22:31,876 No one's accusing you of anything. This isn't a court of law. 276 00:22:32,016 --> 00:22:34,450 You're damn right. It's an ambush! 277 00:22:34,552 --> 00:22:36,349 You say you've got questions for Joe and me. 278 00:22:36,454 --> 00:22:39,787 Why do I think there aren't gonna be too many questions for Joe? 279 00:22:39,891 --> 00:22:42,724 Because if you don't have any, I've got a couple. 280 00:22:42,827 --> 00:22:45,557 You wanna tell them the real reason for the wiring problems? 281 00:22:45,697 --> 00:22:47,824 How NASA keeps changing mission requirements... 282 00:22:47,966 --> 00:22:51,333 yet you push us to meet these arbitrary deadlines. 283 00:22:51,436 --> 00:22:54,200 We never made changes regarding Velcro. 284 00:22:54,305 --> 00:22:55,499 What? 285 00:22:55,640 --> 00:22:58,803 There was not supposed to be more than 500 square inches of it in the cabin. 286 00:22:58,943 --> 00:23:01,741 You guys had over 5,000 square inches in there. 287 00:23:01,846 --> 00:23:05,782 - I wasn't aware that was a problem. - Of course you were aware! 288 00:23:05,917 --> 00:23:08,249 We talked about it last August. 289 00:23:08,353 --> 00:23:10,287 You guys got any other complaints? 290 00:23:10,388 --> 00:23:12,856 No steering wheel, huh? 291 00:23:12,991 --> 00:23:15,255 How about the tinted windows, maybe some power steering? 292 00:23:15,360 --> 00:23:17,260 No, no problem. 293 00:23:17,362 --> 00:23:19,956 We do have a couple of other things before we can take off. 294 00:23:20,098 --> 00:23:22,396 Check the fine print. There's no warranty on this vehicle. 295 00:23:22,500 --> 00:23:24,934 As soon as we signed the pink slip over, it was yours. 296 00:23:25,069 --> 00:23:27,503 - Caveat emptor, buddy. - No, it's the Velcro. 297 00:23:27,639 --> 00:23:30,904 It's flammable and there's too much of it inside. How did this happen? 298 00:23:31,009 --> 00:23:32,374 Talk to them. They're the ones who put it there. 299 00:23:32,477 --> 00:23:35,913 When you get up in zero "G," crap starts floating around. 300 00:23:36,047 --> 00:23:39,642 But put a little on your pen and on the bulkhead and, presto. 301 00:23:39,784 --> 00:23:43,276 Then maybe there's just a few too many bits of it in there. 302 00:23:43,421 --> 00:23:45,321 So wherever Velcro is... 303 00:23:45,423 --> 00:23:49,018 there should be at least four inches between it and any ignition source. 304 00:23:49,160 --> 00:23:50,821 Sure. Yeah. 305 00:23:50,962 --> 00:23:52,088 Other than that-- 306 00:23:52,230 --> 00:23:55,358 Not one piece of Velcro or anything flammable... 307 00:23:55,500 --> 00:23:58,094 was within four inches of any ignition source. 308 00:23:58,236 --> 00:24:00,932 Not that it mattered. A ten-inch gap wouldn't have been enough. 309 00:24:01,072 --> 00:24:03,438 The fire wasn't caused by Velcro! 310 00:24:03,541 --> 00:24:05,975 It was caused by the use of 100%... 311 00:24:06,077 --> 00:24:08,944 pure goddamn oxygen under pressure. 312 00:24:09,047 --> 00:24:11,038 North American was given mission requirements. 313 00:24:11,182 --> 00:24:15,175 One of the requirements was a spacecraft designed to operate filled with oxygen. 314 00:24:15,320 --> 00:24:17,311 And to do so without exploding! 315 00:24:17,455 --> 00:24:22,085 I think it's time you and your friends at NASA took a remedial math course. 316 00:24:22,227 --> 00:24:24,923 In space, the cabin was supposed to contain... 317 00:24:25,063 --> 00:24:28,123 five pounds per square inch of pure oxygen, right? 318 00:24:28,266 --> 00:24:31,827 Fine. So we built it to those specifications. 319 00:24:31,970 --> 00:24:33,733 But you weren't conducting the test in space. 320 00:24:33,838 --> 00:24:35,738 You were conducting it at sea level... 321 00:24:35,840 --> 00:24:39,105 where the atmospheric pressure is already 14.8. 322 00:24:39,210 --> 00:24:41,508 That means that in order to simulate... 323 00:24:41,613 --> 00:24:44,912 the positive pressure of space flight, you had to add some p.s.i. 324 00:24:45,016 --> 00:24:47,211 You guys tanked up that spacecraft... 325 00:24:47,352 --> 00:24:50,753 with almost 17 pounds per square inch of pure oxygen. 326 00:24:50,855 --> 00:24:54,518 At 17 p.s.i. pure oxygen, Velcro explodes. 327 00:24:54,659 --> 00:24:56,354 The fact remains, we conducted... 328 00:24:56,494 --> 00:24:58,894 over 15,000 hours of manned tests... 329 00:24:58,997 --> 00:25:02,364 with pressurized oxygen environments without anything going wrong ever! 330 00:25:02,467 --> 00:25:04,094 Well, this time something did go wrong. 331 00:25:04,235 --> 00:25:06,169 You told us there wouldn't be any ignition sources! 332 00:25:06,304 --> 00:25:07,965 And we begged you not to test in high pressure! 333 00:25:08,106 --> 00:25:10,097 All right. 334 00:25:18,316 --> 00:25:20,216 Sorry. 335 00:25:21,486 --> 00:25:24,478 Normally, Velcro is not much of a fire risk. 336 00:25:24,622 --> 00:25:27,557 This is Velcro in air at sea level. 337 00:25:27,692 --> 00:25:30,217 Under intense direct heat... 338 00:25:31,529 --> 00:25:35,124 it'll burn, it'll melt. 339 00:25:35,266 --> 00:25:37,166 It will not support combustion. 340 00:25:39,203 --> 00:25:43,071 This is Velcro in an atmosphere of 100%oxygen. 341 00:25:53,117 --> 00:25:55,950 As for the spark that started it. 342 00:25:56,054 --> 00:25:59,148 From our fire propagation test and analysis of the spacecraft... 343 00:25:59,290 --> 00:26:01,758 we believe the fire started down here. 344 00:26:02,660 --> 00:26:05,390 Because of the severity of the fire damage in this part of the spacecraft... 345 00:26:05,530 --> 00:26:07,964 we'll never know for certain how the fire started. 346 00:26:08,066 --> 00:26:10,899 Our best guess is... 347 00:26:11,002 --> 00:26:14,904 that a wire was resting against the inside of this panel door here. 348 00:26:15,039 --> 00:26:17,507 After the door opened and shut a few times... 349 00:26:17,642 --> 00:26:20,577 the Teflon insulation became abraded in two spots. 350 00:26:22,113 --> 00:26:25,549 When the current went through the wire, there was an arc and-- 351 00:26:27,852 --> 00:26:29,752 You've heard the rest. 352 00:26:30,888 --> 00:26:33,789 You're saying the fire was the result of frayed wiring? 353 00:26:34,625 --> 00:26:35,557 Yes. 354 00:26:53,611 --> 00:26:56,136 Disassembly of the Apollo 1 command module... 355 00:26:56,280 --> 00:26:58,180 was completed at the Kennedy Space Center... 356 00:26:58,282 --> 00:27:02,912 on March 27, 1967, during the first shift. 357 00:27:29,914 --> 00:27:33,179 You keep working these hours, you're gonna have a heart attack. 358 00:27:33,284 --> 00:27:36,845 - Did you read this thing? - It's 2,300 pages. 359 00:27:36,988 --> 00:27:39,149 They're nailing us. They're saying it was all our fault. 360 00:27:39,290 --> 00:27:41,884 There's a couple of references to the fact that maybe... 361 00:27:42,026 --> 00:27:44,620 testing in highly pressurized pure oxygen might be a bit dangerous... 362 00:27:44,762 --> 00:27:46,696 but other than that, we get our butt kicked. 363 00:27:46,831 --> 00:27:48,492 - We gotta let 'em know-- - No, we don't. 364 00:27:48,633 --> 00:27:51,329 - We're not just gonna take this? - Yes, we are. 365 00:27:51,469 --> 00:27:55,371 We have got files filled with memos begging them not to test like that. 366 00:27:55,473 --> 00:27:58,067 We are going to forget about those files. 367 00:27:58,209 --> 00:28:01,007 We can't blame NASA. 368 00:28:01,112 --> 00:28:04,081 We make NASA look bad, they could cancel the whole program. 369 00:28:04,215 --> 00:28:07,116 Mondale's looking for any excuse to shut it down. 370 00:28:08,319 --> 00:28:11,254 This way, we take a few hits... 371 00:28:11,355 --> 00:28:13,118 but the program rolls on. 372 00:28:13,224 --> 00:28:16,887 - With a new contractor. - It's too late to get a new contractor. 373 00:28:17,028 --> 00:28:19,428 Kennedy promised the moon by the end of the decade. 374 00:28:19,530 --> 00:28:22,522 They switch contractors now, they can forget about that. 375 00:28:22,667 --> 00:28:25,966 And if it looks like they're gonna miss Kennedy's goal... 376 00:28:26,070 --> 00:28:28,038 public sentiment will evaporate... 377 00:28:28,172 --> 00:28:30,436 and Congress will pull the plug. 378 00:28:30,541 --> 00:28:32,441 They can't replace us. 379 00:28:33,244 --> 00:28:35,405 We put our cap in our hands, beg forgiveness... 380 00:28:35,546 --> 00:28:37,673 and we promise it will never happen again. 381 00:28:37,815 --> 00:28:40,249 We do not fight back. 382 00:28:43,354 --> 00:28:46,619 And we forget those files exist. 383 00:28:52,563 --> 00:28:54,463 What files? 384 00:28:57,668 --> 00:28:59,568 He must be loving this. 385 00:28:59,670 --> 00:29:01,467 - Who? - Joe Shea. 386 00:29:01,572 --> 00:29:04,939 I can't believe how he's been able to skate through all this unscathed. 387 00:29:06,711 --> 00:29:08,611 That's not what I hear. 388 00:29:10,515 --> 00:29:14,576 From what I hear, Joe has been anything but... 389 00:29:14,719 --> 00:29:16,152 unscathed. 390 00:29:17,188 --> 00:29:20,055 I'm okay. I'm fine. 391 00:29:20,892 --> 00:29:23,861 It's just that we got a lot of people worried about you. 392 00:29:23,995 --> 00:29:25,053 Yeah? Well. 393 00:29:26,197 --> 00:29:27,596 I'm just a little overtired. 394 00:29:28,966 --> 00:29:31,491 Hey, I know. Hell, we're all feelin' the pressure. 395 00:29:31,636 --> 00:29:33,467 Did you hear about Ron Tucker? 396 00:29:33,571 --> 00:29:35,630 Got up in the middle of a review board meeting... 397 00:29:35,773 --> 00:29:40,176 and started drawing an organizational chart of heaven on the blackboard. 398 00:29:40,278 --> 00:29:43,179 At the top goes God, who we'll call "Big Daddy." 399 00:29:44,749 --> 00:29:47,582 Ron's eating soft food in a soft room now... 400 00:29:47,685 --> 00:29:49,380 but at least he's alive. 401 00:29:49,520 --> 00:29:51,579 Quality control inspector out at the Cape... 402 00:29:51,722 --> 00:29:54,122 that drove his whole family out in front of a train... 403 00:29:55,293 --> 00:29:57,193 wasn't so lucky. 404 00:29:58,296 --> 00:29:59,558 You, uh-- 405 00:29:59,664 --> 00:30:01,996 You don't think I'm gonna snap like that, do you? 406 00:30:03,367 --> 00:30:05,267 I don't know. 407 00:30:07,371 --> 00:30:09,805 A lot of people heard you say that... 408 00:30:09,907 --> 00:30:12,341 you wished you'd been in the spacecraft with the guys. 409 00:30:12,443 --> 00:30:14,877 I'm not sayin' that I wish I was dead. 410 00:30:15,980 --> 00:30:19,143 That's not what I'm saying at all. 411 00:30:19,283 --> 00:30:21,342 It's just-- 412 00:30:25,122 --> 00:30:26,885 Forget it. 413 00:30:26,991 --> 00:30:28,117 What do they want me to do? 414 00:30:28,259 --> 00:30:29,817 - Who? - The three wise men. 415 00:30:29,961 --> 00:30:31,861 Webb, Seamans, Mueller. 416 00:30:31,963 --> 00:30:35,592 They think I've gone over the edge. What would they like me to do? 417 00:30:36,434 --> 00:30:37,958 I don't know. 418 00:30:38,102 --> 00:30:40,229 I'll tell you what I think you should do. 419 00:30:40,371 --> 00:30:41,895 Take a break. 420 00:30:42,039 --> 00:30:46,135 Just a leave of absence. A couple of weeks and get some rest. 421 00:30:49,580 --> 00:30:50,979 Come on, Joe. 422 00:30:52,116 --> 00:30:55,483 - You said yourself you were overtired. - I got a lot of work to do. 423 00:30:55,586 --> 00:30:57,554 You see that desk there? 424 00:30:59,457 --> 00:31:01,288 Then maybe-- 425 00:31:01,392 --> 00:31:04,884 I just think maybe you oughta just talk to somebody. 426 00:31:07,698 --> 00:31:10,098 Maybe see a psychiatrist. 427 00:31:12,937 --> 00:31:14,928 You really do think I've cracked. 428 00:31:15,072 --> 00:31:17,632 It's just to put everybody's mind at ease. 429 00:31:17,775 --> 00:31:20,209 Fine, I'll see a psychiatrist. A couple of psychiatrists. 430 00:31:20,344 --> 00:31:22,437 Why don't you bring on a whole platoon of psychiatrists? 431 00:31:22,580 --> 00:31:26,346 But I'm not leaving the program voluntarily till we get to the moon! 432 00:31:30,454 --> 00:31:32,354 I'm gonna come right to the point. 433 00:31:32,456 --> 00:31:34,924 We got letters from the two psychiatrists. 434 00:31:35,059 --> 00:31:37,084 It seems-- 435 00:31:37,228 --> 00:31:39,856 It seems like you passed with flyin' colors. 436 00:31:39,997 --> 00:31:43,433 One of those psychiatrists complained that seein' you was a waste of time. 437 00:31:45,436 --> 00:31:49,270 I don't want you to think that this reflects on what I think of you. 438 00:31:49,373 --> 00:31:53,434 I honestly feel you're the most valuable man in NASA today. 439 00:31:53,577 --> 00:31:57,104 And that's why I'm gonna say what I'm gonna say. 440 00:32:00,384 --> 00:32:02,852 NASA is about more... 441 00:32:02,987 --> 00:32:04,545 than just goin' to the moon. 442 00:32:04,689 --> 00:32:08,716 We got the space station to think about and the manned mission to Mars. 443 00:32:08,859 --> 00:32:10,724 I want you to be part of all of that. 444 00:32:11,629 --> 00:32:13,324 It's time you left the detail work behind... 445 00:32:13,464 --> 00:32:16,331 got involved in making policy. 446 00:32:16,434 --> 00:32:18,425 I want you to join me here in Washington. 447 00:32:18,569 --> 00:32:22,630 You won't have to report to anyone except maybe me. 448 00:32:23,841 --> 00:32:24,739 What do you say? 449 00:32:26,277 --> 00:32:28,211 What do I say? 450 00:32:28,312 --> 00:32:29,973 How soon you want me? 451 00:32:30,114 --> 00:32:32,776 - How does now sound? - That sounds great. 452 00:32:32,917 --> 00:32:34,111 We got kids in school-- 453 00:32:34,251 --> 00:32:36,185 You don't have to decide right now. 454 00:32:36,320 --> 00:32:38,788 Go back to the hotel, phone your wife, talk about it. 455 00:32:38,923 --> 00:32:41,483 I'll call you tomorrow. All right? 456 00:32:42,226 --> 00:32:43,124 Thanks. 457 00:32:44,061 --> 00:32:45,119 Call you tomorrow. 458 00:32:57,608 --> 00:33:00,236 - You talk to Joe? - Yeah. 459 00:33:00,377 --> 00:33:01,901 - Did he bite? - Mm-hmm. 460 00:33:02,046 --> 00:33:05,015 And I feel like a complete and utter heel. 461 00:33:05,149 --> 00:33:08,277 It had to be done. We had to get him outta the way before the hearings. 462 00:33:08,419 --> 00:33:10,614 - They'd have torn him to shreds. - I don't know. 463 00:33:10,755 --> 00:33:13,451 Maybe these hearings aren't gonna be as horrible as we think. 464 00:33:13,591 --> 00:33:15,320 I'll see you in the mornin'. 465 00:33:16,627 --> 00:33:18,390 Going back to your statement, Dr. Mueller... 466 00:33:19,230 --> 00:33:22,222 I think I understood you to say there were nearly 500 inspectors... 467 00:33:22,366 --> 00:33:24,800 in the Apollo program at the Cape. 468 00:33:25,970 --> 00:33:26,868 Yes. 469 00:33:26,971 --> 00:33:29,405 Now, for the life of me... 470 00:33:29,507 --> 00:33:32,806 I cannot understand with all those people... 471 00:33:32,910 --> 00:33:36,676 how a socket wrench could have gone undetected in the capsule... 472 00:33:36,781 --> 00:33:39,181 from October until January 27. 473 00:33:46,524 --> 00:33:49,152 You're saying it was not because NASA was in a hurry. 474 00:33:49,293 --> 00:33:51,261 The contractor is responsible in some measure. 475 00:33:51,395 --> 00:33:52,293 Wasn't that a failure? 476 00:33:52,396 --> 00:33:56,025 Did you ever consider cancellation of North American's contract? 477 00:33:56,167 --> 00:33:58,533 Wouldn't you say they were negligent? 478 00:33:58,636 --> 00:34:02,299 Sir, I have not found anyone at North American or NASA... 479 00:34:02,439 --> 00:34:05,033 who would not give anything they had to prevent what happened. 480 00:34:05,176 --> 00:34:07,701 But there was negligence on the part of North American... 481 00:34:07,845 --> 00:34:10,006 was there not? 482 00:34:10,147 --> 00:34:12,707 I don't see how you can call what they did negligence... 483 00:34:12,850 --> 00:34:15,785 unless you mean that a company is negligent... 484 00:34:15,886 --> 00:34:18,411 if 100%of its work is not done without a mistake. 485 00:34:18,556 --> 00:34:21,047 As someone with extensive experience... 486 00:34:21,192 --> 00:34:23,092 in testing experimental aircraft... 487 00:34:23,194 --> 00:34:26,254 I can tell you that that standard is just not achievable. 488 00:34:27,398 --> 00:34:31,994 So I don't feel that "negligence" is the proper word. 489 00:34:32,136 --> 00:34:33,068 Thank you, Senator. 490 00:34:34,638 --> 00:34:35,832 Senator Mondale. 491 00:34:37,374 --> 00:34:38,841 It seems that... 492 00:34:38,976 --> 00:34:41,604 my colleagues have asked all the questions I was going to ask. 493 00:34:44,849 --> 00:34:45,747 Except one. 494 00:34:47,551 --> 00:34:52,045 I have been told, and I would like to have this set straight if I'm wrong... 495 00:34:52,189 --> 00:34:56,592 that there was a report prepared for NASA by General Phillips... 496 00:34:56,694 --> 00:34:58,093 in mid or late 1965... 497 00:34:58,195 --> 00:35:01,824 which very strongly criticized the Apollo program... 498 00:35:01,966 --> 00:35:05,367 for what were regarded as very serious inadequacies... 499 00:35:05,469 --> 00:35:07,061 in terms of quality control. 500 00:35:10,708 --> 00:35:12,903 Would you comment on that? 501 00:35:14,044 --> 00:35:16,444 Was there a Phillips report? 502 00:35:17,548 --> 00:35:18,606 Would you comment on that? 503 00:35:23,654 --> 00:35:25,212 I'm not aware of it, sir. 504 00:35:26,190 --> 00:35:28,522 Is it then your testimony that no such unusual... 505 00:35:28,626 --> 00:35:31,720 General Phillips report existed? 506 00:35:31,862 --> 00:35:34,660 Is this rumor unfounded? 507 00:35:35,666 --> 00:35:37,566 That's something we gotta take a look at. 508 00:35:42,439 --> 00:35:43,997 Let us look it up, sir. 509 00:35:44,141 --> 00:35:45,699 Is there somethin' somebody forgot to tell me? 510 00:35:45,843 --> 00:35:48,209 - It was a memo. It wasn't a big deal. - It is now! 511 00:35:48,312 --> 00:35:50,780 It came out of the Tiger Team audit from North American. 512 00:35:50,915 --> 00:35:53,907 - It's old news. - It's gonna be damaging to us! 513 00:35:54,051 --> 00:35:58,112 "I heard a rumor." Rumor, my foot. Probably got a copy in his hand. 514 00:35:58,255 --> 00:36:00,917 The only reason he didn't throw it in front of me like Perry Mason... 515 00:36:01,058 --> 00:36:03,253 is because he knows the fool thing is classified! 516 00:36:04,862 --> 00:36:07,023 He's gonna kill us. 517 00:36:07,164 --> 00:36:10,224 We're dead before we even got off the damn launchpad. 518 00:36:10,367 --> 00:36:12,301 We still don't know what Anderson's thinking. 519 00:36:12,403 --> 00:36:14,496 He can steer the committee any way he wants. 520 00:36:14,638 --> 00:36:17,698 Where were you this morning? He's got us twisting in the wind. 521 00:36:17,841 --> 00:36:20,401 It's understandable. Clinton Anderson has to worry about getting reelected... 522 00:36:20,544 --> 00:36:22,171 just like everybody else. 523 00:36:23,747 --> 00:36:25,339 Who's left to testify? 524 00:36:25,482 --> 00:36:28,110 Lee Atwood and some of the folks from North American. 525 00:36:28,252 --> 00:36:30,777 They're gonna get torn to pieces right after lunch. 526 00:36:30,921 --> 00:36:32,786 And then there's some members of the review board. 527 00:36:32,890 --> 00:36:35,791 - Borman? - Frank's goin' at the end. 528 00:36:35,893 --> 00:36:37,724 That's good. Everybody loves an astronaut. 529 00:36:37,828 --> 00:36:39,420 Come on. Are you kidding me? 530 00:36:39,563 --> 00:36:42,031 You really think Frank Borman is gonna paint a rosy picture? 531 00:36:42,166 --> 00:36:43,997 It could have been him in that spacecraft and he knows it. 532 00:36:44,101 --> 00:36:45,728 You're right. 533 00:36:45,869 --> 00:36:47,496 Where you goin'? 534 00:36:47,638 --> 00:36:49,731 I'm gonna do the only thing left for me to do. 535 00:36:49,873 --> 00:36:50,771 Beg for mercy. 536 00:36:52,543 --> 00:36:54,568 I'm sorry, Mr. Webb, but I've got a job to do. 537 00:36:54,712 --> 00:36:57,010 And I'm going to do it. 538 00:36:57,114 --> 00:36:59,548 With all due humility, Senator... 539 00:36:59,650 --> 00:37:01,550 what did we do wrong? 540 00:37:01,652 --> 00:37:03,051 That's what I'm going to find out. 541 00:37:03,153 --> 00:37:05,053 Why are you so down on us? 542 00:37:06,190 --> 00:37:08,818 You and I are both Democrats. 543 00:37:08,959 --> 00:37:11,325 Going to the moon was Kennedy's dream. 544 00:37:11,428 --> 00:37:13,555 It was one of his dreams. Jack Kennedy had a lot of dreams. 545 00:37:14,765 --> 00:37:16,596 Do you really want to kill Apollo? 546 00:37:18,869 --> 00:37:20,700 I'll tell you what I want, Mr. Webb. 547 00:37:20,804 --> 00:37:24,433 I want there to be no American children going hungry in any of our cities. 548 00:37:24,575 --> 00:37:27,373 I want to do something about our boys dying halfway around the world. 549 00:37:28,045 --> 00:37:29,706 I want to do a lot of things. 550 00:37:29,847 --> 00:37:32,111 And if getting what I want means we don't go to the moon... 551 00:37:33,217 --> 00:37:34,616 then so be it. 552 00:38:05,549 --> 00:38:08,143 Colonel Borman, would you have entered the spacecraft... 553 00:38:08,285 --> 00:38:10,981 on the morning of the accident if your turn had been called? 554 00:38:11,989 --> 00:38:13,149 Yes, sir. 555 00:38:13,290 --> 00:38:15,190 Would you have had any hesitancy? 556 00:38:18,929 --> 00:38:21,261 Were there defects in workmanship? 557 00:38:22,232 --> 00:38:22,891 There were. 558 00:38:23,834 --> 00:38:26,462 Did these defects go beyond workmanship? 559 00:38:26,603 --> 00:38:29,436 Yes, sir, there were defects in design. 560 00:38:31,141 --> 00:38:34,770 If you had entered the spacecraft on that morning... 561 00:38:34,912 --> 00:38:37,847 would you have been motivated by a desire to take risks? 562 00:38:42,019 --> 00:38:43,919 Sometimes there are... 563 00:38:44,021 --> 00:38:49,391 romantic, silk-scarfed notions attributed to this business... 564 00:38:49,493 --> 00:38:51,393 but we're professionals. 565 00:38:51,495 --> 00:38:53,360 We will accept risk, certainly... 566 00:38:53,464 --> 00:38:54,624 but not undue risk. 567 00:38:54,765 --> 00:38:56,357 Let me rephrase the question. 568 00:38:57,301 --> 00:38:58,825 Knowing what you know now... 569 00:38:58,969 --> 00:39:01,460 would you have entered that spacecraft? 570 00:39:09,880 --> 00:39:12,041 How did Commander Grissom and his crew... 571 00:39:12,182 --> 00:39:14,548 feel about the readiness of the vehicle? 572 00:39:14,651 --> 00:39:17,142 I talked to Ed White shortly before the accident. 573 00:39:18,989 --> 00:39:21,719 He thought they were over most of their problems and were on their way. 574 00:39:21,859 --> 00:39:25,056 Didn't Commander Grissom once hang a lemon... 575 00:39:25,195 --> 00:39:27,095 on the simulator? 576 00:39:29,633 --> 00:39:31,726 You had to know Gus. 577 00:39:31,869 --> 00:39:34,030 Did Commander Grissom hang a lemon on the simulator? 578 00:39:35,172 --> 00:39:36,070 Yes, sir. 579 00:39:36,173 --> 00:39:38,767 Tell us about him, Colonel. 580 00:39:40,077 --> 00:39:42,170 Sorry. I just have a couple of quick questions. 581 00:39:42,312 --> 00:39:44,041 Will you yield for a minute or two? 582 00:39:44,181 --> 00:39:45,910 - Actually, Mr. Chairman, I-- - Thanks. 583 00:39:51,522 --> 00:39:53,990 You just said "You had to know Gus." 584 00:39:55,392 --> 00:39:57,417 I think that's been missing in here... 585 00:39:57,561 --> 00:39:59,495 this past two days. 586 00:39:59,596 --> 00:40:02,258 I'd like for the record to contain at least a little bit... 587 00:40:02,399 --> 00:40:05,300 about the men who perished in that fire. 588 00:40:05,402 --> 00:40:07,063 Could you do that for us? 589 00:40:13,443 --> 00:40:17,174 Gus Grissom was the first astronaut to be asked to fly three times. 590 00:40:17,281 --> 00:40:19,374 Mercury, Gemini and Apollo. 591 00:40:19,516 --> 00:40:21,416 He loved being an astronaut. 592 00:40:22,519 --> 00:40:26,478 Except for the publicity and being on display that comes with the job. 593 00:40:28,625 --> 00:40:32,755 There are no front windows on the house he built for Betty in Timber Cove... 594 00:40:32,896 --> 00:40:36,297 because he didn't want people looking in. 595 00:40:36,400 --> 00:40:39,597 If that gives you the impression that Gus was a cranky S.O.B.... 596 00:40:39,736 --> 00:40:42,466 well, he was at times. 597 00:40:43,974 --> 00:40:46,534 But I would have trusted him with my life. 598 00:40:48,879 --> 00:40:51,814 Ed White was... 599 00:40:51,949 --> 00:40:53,940 a big man for an astronaut. 600 00:40:54,084 --> 00:40:56,518 A shade under six feet. 601 00:40:56,620 --> 00:40:58,349 Exceptional athlete. 602 00:40:58,488 --> 00:41:02,390 As you all know, Ed was the first American to walk in space. 603 00:41:04,595 --> 00:41:06,961 There was a story going around... 604 00:41:07,064 --> 00:41:10,761 that when he was on his space walk, he stayed out after being ordered in... 605 00:41:10,901 --> 00:41:12,801 because he was having such a good time. 606 00:41:14,671 --> 00:41:15,899 It's a funny story... 607 00:41:16,039 --> 00:41:18,974 but it would have meant that Ed White disobeyed an order. 608 00:41:21,078 --> 00:41:23,046 Not gonna happen. 609 00:41:23,180 --> 00:41:24,807 Ed was a West Point man... 610 00:41:24,948 --> 00:41:27,940 and duty, honor, country... 611 00:41:28,085 --> 00:41:31,054 weren't just words to him, they were him. 612 00:41:31,188 --> 00:41:33,088 He was one of my closest friends. 613 00:41:35,125 --> 00:41:37,025 Roger Chaffee I-- 614 00:41:38,128 --> 00:41:40,289 I didn't know that well. He was one of the new guys. 615 00:41:42,032 --> 00:41:43,932 Very energetic, very excited. 616 00:41:46,069 --> 00:41:48,060 I heard a story about him though. 617 00:41:48,205 --> 00:41:50,605 He was out on Long Island visiting the Grumman facility... 618 00:41:50,707 --> 00:41:53,835 where they're building the descent stage for the lunar module. 619 00:41:53,977 --> 00:41:56,605 He saw a group of men standing in a corner. 620 00:41:57,848 --> 00:42:00,681 He found out these were the fellows... 621 00:42:00,784 --> 00:42:03,514 that make the tools that make the machines. 622 00:42:04,688 --> 00:42:09,125 None of the bigwigs escorted through there ever talked to these guys. 623 00:42:09,259 --> 00:42:14,094 But Roger made them feel like the most important part of the program. 624 00:42:22,039 --> 00:42:24,599 This isn't a court of law, so I can ask you something... 625 00:42:24,741 --> 00:42:27,266 that's completely hypothetical. 626 00:42:28,745 --> 00:42:33,546 If we could somehow reach beyond the wall of death... 627 00:42:33,650 --> 00:42:37,484 and talk to Grissom, White and Chaffee... 628 00:42:37,587 --> 00:42:40,522 what do you imagine they would say about the fire? 629 00:42:41,625 --> 00:42:45,061 I was hoping someone would ask that. 630 00:42:45,195 --> 00:42:48,926 I don't know what Roger or Ed would say... 631 00:42:50,634 --> 00:42:52,625 but I can let Gus speak for himself. 632 00:42:52,769 --> 00:42:55,636 Back in January he talked to a group of reporters. 633 00:42:55,739 --> 00:42:59,140 They asked him about the dangers involved in going to the moon. 634 00:43:01,244 --> 00:43:04,407 The conquest of space is worth the risk of life. 635 00:43:04,548 --> 00:43:07,540 Our God-given curiosity will force us to go there ourselves... 636 00:43:07,684 --> 00:43:10,482 because, in the final analysis... 637 00:43:10,587 --> 00:43:12,555 only man can fully evaluate the moon... 638 00:43:12,689 --> 00:43:15,214 in terms understandable to other men. 639 00:43:18,395 --> 00:43:20,454 At the risk of being gruesome... 640 00:43:20,597 --> 00:43:23,498 we've heard about the fire from everyone who was there. 641 00:43:23,600 --> 00:43:27,001 Everyone except the astronauts themselves, of course. 642 00:43:28,338 --> 00:43:30,067 Can you tell us what they went through? 643 00:43:30,207 --> 00:43:32,573 What it was like for them? 644 00:43:32,676 --> 00:43:36,271 I can only tell you what we know, or at least what we think we know. 645 00:43:38,615 --> 00:43:41,140 When it happened they were waiting... 646 00:43:41,284 --> 00:43:43,184 for the test to resume. 647 00:43:53,163 --> 00:43:56,223 How are we gonna get to the moon if we can't talk between three buildings? 648 00:44:00,170 --> 00:44:02,866 I can't hear a thing you're saying. Jesus Christ. 649 00:44:03,006 --> 00:44:05,133 I said, how are we gonna get to the moon... 650 00:44:05,275 --> 00:44:07,743 if we can't talk between two or three buildings? 651 00:44:13,984 --> 00:44:15,884 They wouldn't have seen the spark that started the fire... 652 00:44:15,986 --> 00:44:18,352 because it was behind a panel door... 653 00:44:18,455 --> 00:44:20,047 down below Gus' feet. 654 00:44:20,190 --> 00:44:23,819 Because of the oxygen, the spark was able to jump out... 655 00:44:23,960 --> 00:44:25,621 into the nylon netting under the seats. 656 00:44:26,463 --> 00:44:29,330 Gus probably saw it first because it was closest to him. 657 00:44:31,601 --> 00:44:32,499 Fire! 658 00:44:33,537 --> 00:44:35,630 We got a fire in the cockpit! 659 00:44:36,540 --> 00:44:40,237 The procedure would have had Gus push down Ed's headrest... 660 00:44:40,377 --> 00:44:43,107 so that Ed could start turning the latch handle. 661 00:44:46,416 --> 00:44:48,145 We got a bad fire! 662 00:45:06,703 --> 00:45:08,170 We're burning up! 663 00:45:09,639 --> 00:45:12,938 By now the temperature and the pressure were astronomical. 664 00:45:15,045 --> 00:45:15,909 Let's get out! 665 00:45:46,710 --> 00:45:48,109 Now. 666 00:45:49,212 --> 00:45:52,079 It just took me a minute or more... 667 00:45:52,182 --> 00:45:54,673 to tell you all that. 668 00:45:54,818 --> 00:45:57,981 In actuality, from the first mention of the fire.... 669 00:45:58,121 --> 00:46:00,988 to the rupture of the hull, only 15 seconds went by. 670 00:46:08,632 --> 00:46:09,929 What caused the fire? 671 00:46:10,033 --> 00:46:13,730 I'm not talking about wires and oxygen. 672 00:46:13,870 --> 00:46:17,966 It seems that some people think that NASA pressured North American... 673 00:46:18,108 --> 00:46:21,043 to meet unrealistic and arbitrary deadlines... 674 00:46:21,177 --> 00:46:25,375 and that, in turn, North American allowed safety to be compromised. 675 00:46:26,583 --> 00:46:29,848 I won't deny that there's been pressure to meet deadlines... 676 00:46:29,986 --> 00:46:32,420 but safety has never been intentionally compromised. 677 00:46:33,290 --> 00:46:34,689 Then what caused the fire? 678 00:46:37,494 --> 00:46:38,825 A failure of imagination. 679 00:46:40,597 --> 00:46:44,033 We've always known there was the possibility of fire in a spacecraft. 680 00:46:44,167 --> 00:46:46,567 But the fear was that it would happen in space... 681 00:46:46,670 --> 00:46:50,572 when you're 180 miles from terra firma and the nearest fire station. 682 00:46:50,707 --> 00:46:52,197 That was the worry. 683 00:46:53,376 --> 00:46:55,810 No one ever imagined that it would happen on the ground. 684 00:46:55,946 --> 00:46:59,507 If anyone had, the test would have been classified as hazardous. 685 00:47:00,717 --> 00:47:03,447 But it wasn't. We just didn't think of it. 686 00:47:05,622 --> 00:47:07,522 Whose fault is that? 687 00:47:09,125 --> 00:47:11,025 It's North American's fault. 688 00:47:12,162 --> 00:47:14,289 It's NASA's fault. 689 00:47:14,431 --> 00:47:17,832 It's the fault of every person who ever worked on Apollo. 690 00:47:19,536 --> 00:47:21,367 It's my fault. 691 00:47:21,471 --> 00:47:23,371 I didn't think the test was hazardous. 692 00:47:24,774 --> 00:47:26,674 No one did. 693 00:47:27,911 --> 00:47:29,811 I wish to God we had. 694 00:47:34,351 --> 00:47:37,252 Now before we all go home... 695 00:47:37,354 --> 00:47:39,822 is there any statement you personally would like to make? 696 00:47:42,025 --> 00:47:45,859 I think I'm safe in speaking for all the astronauts when I say that... 697 00:47:47,197 --> 00:47:48,596 we're confident in our management... 698 00:47:48,698 --> 00:47:51,132 we're confident in our training... 699 00:47:51,267 --> 00:47:54,964 in our engineering and in ourselves. 700 00:47:55,105 --> 00:47:58,632 The real question is, are you confident in us? 701 00:48:03,546 --> 00:48:05,639 What do you think we should do? 702 00:48:08,018 --> 00:48:10,714 I think you should stop this witch hunt... 703 00:48:10,854 --> 00:48:13,220 and let us go to the moon. 704 00:48:15,492 --> 00:48:18,052 Please. 705 00:48:20,664 --> 00:48:21,562 Back to you. 706 00:48:23,166 --> 00:48:25,157 Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 707 00:48:29,105 --> 00:48:30,572 I have nothing further. 708 00:48:31,441 --> 00:48:33,568 Thank you, Colonel. 709 00:48:53,897 --> 00:48:55,057 Those are beautiful. 710 00:48:55,198 --> 00:48:57,792 Well, thank you, dear. 711 00:48:57,934 --> 00:48:58,958 Who called? 712 00:49:02,405 --> 00:49:05,806 - He wants to see me. - On a Sunday? 713 00:49:07,544 --> 00:49:09,273 I think this is it. 714 00:49:22,258 --> 00:49:24,453 I wanted to see it through to the landing. 715 00:49:27,330 --> 00:49:28,592 Oh, damn it. 716 00:49:53,389 --> 00:49:55,857 - Yeah? - There's a Mr. Storms to see you. 717 00:49:59,195 --> 00:50:01,220 They said I wouldn't have to report to anyone. 718 00:50:01,364 --> 00:50:04,527 Trouble is there's no one to report to me either. 719 00:50:04,667 --> 00:50:08,194 - What do you do? - I go to the movies, museums. 720 00:50:08,338 --> 00:50:11,034 There's a lot of damn fine museums in this town. 721 00:50:11,174 --> 00:50:13,369 - Did you know that? - Yeah, I think I've heard that. 722 00:50:14,511 --> 00:50:17,309 - What's next? - I'm gettin' out. 723 00:50:17,413 --> 00:50:20,814 Join a company in Boston. How about you? 724 00:50:20,950 --> 00:50:24,010 They moved me over to the brake yard. I'm still a V.P., but-- 725 00:50:24,154 --> 00:50:27,783 I still talk with my old buddies at the space division now and then. 726 00:50:27,924 --> 00:50:31,724 They say that things have really improved since the fire. 727 00:50:31,828 --> 00:50:34,058 Everybody's working together better than ever. 728 00:50:34,197 --> 00:50:37,166 There's a whole new sense of purpose, sense of relief. 729 00:50:37,300 --> 00:50:38,892 Relief? 730 00:50:39,035 --> 00:50:41,435 Everyone knew an accident was inevitable. 731 00:50:41,538 --> 00:50:42,436 I know. 732 00:50:42,539 --> 00:50:46,600 I talked to some UPI reporters a couple of weeks before the fire. 733 00:50:46,743 --> 00:50:51,203 I said to them I believed some kind of accident was probably inevitable. 734 00:50:52,715 --> 00:50:57,379 I also said I thought it would be harder on those of us on the ground. 735 00:50:57,520 --> 00:51:00,887 The astronauts are dead, God rest them... 736 00:51:00,990 --> 00:51:04,448 but we have to live with the knowledge we could have done something different. 737 00:51:04,594 --> 00:51:06,494 There's nothing you could have done. 738 00:51:07,864 --> 00:51:10,799 I could have been in the cockpit that day. 739 00:51:14,504 --> 00:51:19,305 Why is it every time I say that people assume I mean I wish I were dead? 740 00:51:19,409 --> 00:51:22,401 The fire started on the left side... 741 00:51:22,545 --> 00:51:24,342 below Gus' feet, right? 742 00:51:24,480 --> 00:51:26,471 If I'd been on the spacecraft that day... 743 00:51:26,616 --> 00:51:28,550 I would have been lying below the footrest... 744 00:51:28,685 --> 00:51:30,812 right there where it started. 745 00:51:30,954 --> 00:51:35,448 I figure I had a 50-50 chance of putting it out before it got out of control. 746 00:51:35,592 --> 00:51:37,753 My years in flight test, I saw a number of crews... 747 00:51:37,894 --> 00:51:39,384 slam into the desert floor. 748 00:51:41,331 --> 00:51:43,231 Too many. 749 00:51:43,333 --> 00:51:46,234 I love those guys, and each time that happened I wanted to die. 750 00:51:47,403 --> 00:51:50,338 But I've learned that you gotta let go... 751 00:51:50,473 --> 00:51:52,566 of the what ifs. 752 00:51:52,709 --> 00:51:54,700 They're meaningless. 753 00:51:54,844 --> 00:51:56,744 And they'll kill you. 754 00:51:58,147 --> 00:52:00,047 Yeah. 755 00:52:04,888 --> 00:52:06,822 Really meant a lot your coming by. 756 00:52:06,923 --> 00:52:08,857 I know we didn't always see eye to eye. 757 00:52:14,497 --> 00:52:15,987 I got mine up in the den. 758 00:52:16,132 --> 00:52:16,996 Yeah? 759 00:52:17,100 --> 00:52:19,000 I'm thinking about the front hall. 760 00:52:20,737 --> 00:52:23,297 You had to know it was Gus' idea. 761 00:52:31,014 --> 00:52:32,345 Take care. 762 00:52:32,448 --> 00:52:34,143 - Good luck. - You too. 763 00:52:44,794 --> 00:52:47,661 Then that leaves only one very important thing... 764 00:52:47,764 --> 00:52:50,289 which is, of course, who's paying for dinner. 765 00:52:50,433 --> 00:52:52,333 North American, I guess. 766 00:52:53,436 --> 00:52:55,370 - That didn't take long. - Wait, gentlemen. 767 00:52:55,471 --> 00:52:57,496 Before we go, Roger, Ed and I... 768 00:52:57,640 --> 00:53:01,508 have a little presentation we'd like to make to Joe and Stormy here. 769 00:53:01,611 --> 00:53:02,407 Oh, yeah? 770 00:53:02,545 --> 00:53:05,742 It's just a little something from us. 771 00:53:05,882 --> 00:53:08,578 From us to you. A little something from the guys. 772 00:53:08,718 --> 00:53:11,084 Plain brown paper. I'm a little nervous. 773 00:53:11,187 --> 00:53:13,246 Why am I frightened for my life? 774 00:53:13,389 --> 00:53:15,516 - Because you know us. - It's not ticking, is it? 775 00:53:15,658 --> 00:53:17,683 Probably designs for the power steering. 776 00:53:22,632 --> 00:53:23,530 That's great. 777 00:53:24,701 --> 00:53:27,397 That's very funny, you guys. Thank you. 778 00:53:27,537 --> 00:53:29,971 - We have absolute faith in you. - Yeah, right. 779 00:53:32,909 --> 00:53:34,843 Thank you. That's very nice. 780 00:53:35,979 --> 00:53:38,311 "It isn't that we don't trust you, Joe, but this time... 781 00:53:38,414 --> 00:53:40,006 we've decided to go over your head." 782 00:53:48,458 --> 00:53:50,858 I got a call from some woman at NASA, Deke. 783 00:53:50,960 --> 00:53:53,724 They don't wanna call it Apollo 1 anymore because it never flew. 784 00:53:54,664 --> 00:53:56,598 They're gonna call it Apollo 20-- 785 00:53:56,699 --> 00:54:00,430 204. That was the internal designation. 786 00:54:01,270 --> 00:54:04,205 It's like they already want people to forget it happened. 787 00:54:08,578 --> 00:54:11,513 This is the reason we wanted to see you. 788 00:54:14,884 --> 00:54:16,283 Open it. 789 00:54:22,291 --> 00:54:24,191 It's an astronaut pin. 790 00:54:27,930 --> 00:54:30,922 The guys knew you would never get into space because of your heart problem... 791 00:54:31,067 --> 00:54:33,729 but they wanted you to know they considered you... 792 00:54:33,870 --> 00:54:36,100 as much of an astronaut as any of them. 793 00:54:38,474 --> 00:54:41,341 They were gonna give that to you when they got back. 794 00:54:42,123 --> 00:54:45,237 Best watched using Open Subtitles MKV Player 795 00:54:45,287 --> 00:54:49,837 Repair and Synchronization by Easy Subtitles Synchronizer 1.0.0.0 64166

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