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1
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Dr. Oppenheimer.
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Dr. Oppenheimer.
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As we begin, I believe you have
a statement to read into the record.
4
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Yes, Your Honor.
5
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We're not judges, Doctor.
6
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No.
7
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Of course.
8
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Members of the security board.
9
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The so-called and derogatory information
in your indictment of me
10
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cannot be fairly understood,
11
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except in the context of my life
and my work.
12
00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:56,242
How long did he testify?
13
00:01:57,035 --> 00:01:58,786
Honestly, I forget.
14
00:02:00,246 --> 00:02:02,165
The whole hearing took a month.
15
00:02:02,248 --> 00:02:03,458
An ordeal.
16
00:02:03,541 --> 00:02:06,544
I've only read the transcripts, but...
17
00:02:08,338 --> 00:02:10,089
Who'd want to justify their whole life?
18
00:02:10,173 --> 00:02:12,800
- You weren't there?
- As chairman, I wasn't allowed to be.
19
00:02:12,884 --> 00:02:15,011
Are they really going to ask about it?
20
00:02:15,511 --> 00:02:17,221
It was years ago.
21
00:02:17,305 --> 00:02:18,890
- Four years ago.
- Five.
22
00:02:19,932 --> 00:02:21,559
Oppenheimer still divides America.
23
00:02:21,643 --> 00:02:23,936
The committee is gonna want to know
where you stood.
24
00:02:24,687 --> 00:02:28,316
Senator Thurmond asked me to say
not to feel that you're on trial.
25
00:02:28,399 --> 00:02:31,402
Aw. Funny,
I didn't till you just said that.
26
00:02:31,486 --> 00:02:32,570
Really, Mr. Strauss-
27
00:02:32,654 --> 00:02:33,738
It's Admiral.
28
00:02:34,322 --> 00:02:36,532
Admiral Strauss. This is a formality.
29
00:02:36,616 --> 00:02:38,826
President Eisenhower has asked you
to be in his cabinet.
30
00:02:38,910 --> 00:02:40,662
Senate really has no choice
but to confirm you.
31
00:02:40,745 --> 00:02:43,081
And if they bring up Oppenheimer?
32
00:02:43,164 --> 00:02:45,500
When they bring up Oppenheimer,
you answer honestly.
33
00:02:45,583 --> 00:02:47,794
No senator can deny you did your duty.
34
00:02:47,877 --> 00:02:49,671
It'll be uncomfortable.
35
00:02:50,254 --> 00:02:52,215
Who'd want to justify their whole life?
36
00:02:57,261 --> 00:03:00,056
Why did you leave the United States?
37
00:03:01,808 --> 00:03:05,353
I, uh, wanted to study the new physics.
38
00:03:05,436 --> 00:03:06,896
Was there nowhere here?
39
00:03:07,605 --> 00:03:10,733
I thought Berkeley had the leading
theoretical physics department.
40
00:03:11,401 --> 00:03:13,403
Yes. Once I had built it.
41
00:03:13,486 --> 00:03:15,029
But first I had to go to Europe.
42
00:03:15,113 --> 00:03:18,449
I went to Cambridge
to study under Patrick Blackett.
43
00:03:18,533 --> 00:03:20,910
Were you happier there than in America?
44
00:03:21,577 --> 00:03:23,121
- Happier?
- Yes.
45
00:03:27,083 --> 00:03:28,751
No.
46
00:03:28,835 --> 00:03:30,002
No, I, uh...
47
00:03:33,089 --> 00:03:34,757
I was homesick, um,
48
00:03:35,883 --> 00:03:37,719
emotionally immature,
49
00:03:38,678 --> 00:03:44,100
troubled by visions of a hidden universe.
50
00:03:55,820 --> 00:03:56,863
Useless in the lab.
51
00:04:02,076 --> 00:04:04,036
Christ, Oppenheimer.
52
00:04:04,620 --> 00:04:06,164
Have you had any sleep?
53
00:04:07,999 --> 00:04:09,292
Start again.
54
00:04:09,917 --> 00:04:11,586
I need to go to the lecture, sir.
55
00:04:12,211 --> 00:04:13,212
Why?
56
00:04:13,796 --> 00:04:15,089
It's Niels Bohr.
57
00:04:18,092 --> 00:04:19,218
I'd completely forgot.
58
00:04:20,219 --> 00:04:22,263
All right. Let's go.
59
00:04:24,557 --> 00:04:27,351
Oh, no, not you, Oppenheimer.
You finish coating those plates.
60
00:05:07,975 --> 00:05:11,813
Quantum physics is not' a step forward.
61
00:05:11,896 --> 00:05:15,691
It is a new way to understand reality.
62
00:05:15,775 --> 00:05:17,568
Einstein's opened the door.
63
00:05:17,652 --> 00:05:21,906
Now we are peering through,
seeing a world inside our world.
64
00:05:21,989 --> 00:05:27,245
A world of energy and paradox
that not everyone can accept.
65
00:06:09,954 --> 00:06:12,123
Yeah- Are you all right?
66
00:06:13,124 --> 00:06:15,334
Niels, meet J. Robert Oppenheimer.
67
00:06:15,918 --> 00:06:17,503
What's the J stand for?
68
00:06:17,587 --> 00:06:18,921
Nothing, apparently.
69
00:06:19,005 --> 00:06:21,507
You were at my lecture.
You asked the only good question.
70
00:06:21,591 --> 00:06:23,175
No one's denying his insight.
71
00:06:23,259 --> 00:06:25,553
It's his laboratory work
that leaves a little to be desired.
72
00:06:26,637 --> 00:06:27,889
I heard you give the same lectu-
73
00:06:27,972 --> 00:06:30,474
At Harvard, yes,
and you asked the same question.
74
00:06:30,558 --> 00:06:31,642
Why ask again?
75
00:06:31,726 --> 00:06:32,977
Hadn't liked your answer.
76
00:06:34,562 --> 00:06:36,230
Did you like it better yesterday?
77
00:06:36,314 --> 00:06:37,356
A lot.
78
00:06:37,440 --> 00:06:41,944
You can lift the stone without being ready
for the snake that's revealed.
79
00:06:42,028 --> 00:06:44,155
Now it seems you're ready.
80
00:06:44,238 --> 00:06:45,698
But you don't enjoy the lab?
81
00:06:46,782 --> 00:06:49,493
So get out of Cambridge
with its beakers and potions.
82
00:06:49,577 --> 00:06:52,204
Go somewhere they'll let you think.
83
00:06:53,205 --> 00:06:54,290
Where?
84
00:06:55,750 --> 00:06:56,751
Gottingen.
85
00:06:56,834 --> 00:06:58,711
- Born.
- Born.
86
00:06:58,794 --> 00:07:00,504
Get to Germany. Study under Max Born.
87
00:07:00,588 --> 00:07:03,132
Learn the ways of theory.
88
00:07:03,215 --> 00:07:04,258
I'll send word.
89
00:07:05,468 --> 00:07:07,136
Wormhole.
90
00:07:08,888 --> 00:07:09,931
How's your mathematics?
91
00:07:10,014 --> 00:07:12,016
Not good enough
for the physicist he wants to be.
92
00:07:12,099 --> 00:07:14,352
Algebra's like sheet music.
93
00:07:14,435 --> 00:07:16,604
The important thing isn't
"can you read music?"
94
00:07:16,687 --> 00:07:18,189
It's "can you hear it?"
95
00:07:18,272 --> 00:07:20,608
Can you hear the music, Robert?
96
00:07:21,859 --> 00:07:22,860
Yes, I can.
97
00:08:59,248 --> 00:09:00,791
The senator from Wyoming.
98
00:09:01,834 --> 00:09:02,918
Admiral Strauss,
99
00:09:03,002 --> 00:09:06,422
I'm interested in your relationship
with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
100
00:09:06,505 --> 00:09:08,215
You met him in 1947?
101
00:09:08,758 --> 00:09:09,759
Correct.
102
00:09:10,509 --> 00:09:13,054
You were commissioner
of the Atomic Energy Commission?
103
00:09:13,137 --> 00:09:18,267
I was, but I actually met Robert
in my capacity as board member
104
00:09:18,350 --> 00:09:20,728
of the Institute for Advanced Study
at Princeton,
105
00:09:20,811 --> 00:09:23,773
because after the war
he was world renowned
106
00:09:23,856 --> 00:09:25,066
as the great man of physics,
107
00:09:25,149 --> 00:09:29,320
and I was determined
to get him to run the Institute.
108
00:09:39,121 --> 00:09:41,791
Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor.
109
00:09:41,874 --> 00:09:42,958
Mr. Strauss.
110
00:09:43,042 --> 00:09:45,252
It's pronounced "straws. "
111
00:09:45,336 --> 00:09:46,796
Oh-ppenheimer, Oppenheimer.
112
00:09:46,879 --> 00:09:48,631
Whatever way you say it,
they know I'm Jewish.
113
00:09:49,965 --> 00:09:52,885
I'm president of Temple Emanu-El
in Manhattan.
114
00:09:52,968 --> 00:09:55,554
"Straws" is just
the Southern pronunciation.
115
00:09:55,638 --> 00:09:57,723
Anyway, welcome to the Institute.
116
00:09:57,807 --> 00:09:59,391
I think you could be very happy here.
117
00:09:59,475 --> 00:10:01,519
Yes, well, you'll love the commute.
118
00:10:01,602 --> 00:10:04,146
The position comes with that house
for you and your wife,
119
00:10:04,230 --> 00:10:06,107
and your- Is it two children?
120
00:10:06,190 --> 00:10:07,191
Yes, two.
121
00:10:07,775 --> 00:10:10,152
I'm a great admirer of your work.
122
00:10:10,236 --> 00:10:12,530
And you're a physicist by training,
Mr. Strauss?
123
00:10:12,613 --> 00:10:14,698
I'm sorry, common room, four o'clock tea.
124
00:10:14,782 --> 00:10:17,493
No, I'm not trained in physics
or anything else.
125
00:10:17,576 --> 00:10:18,619
I'm a self-made man.
126
00:10:18,702 --> 00:10:21,205
- Ah. I can relate to that.
- Really?
127
00:10:21,288 --> 00:10:23,082
Yes, my father was one.
128
00:10:24,416 --> 00:10:26,961
And this would be your office.
129
00:10:36,470 --> 00:10:38,347
I'm told he's there most afternoons.
130
00:10:38,973 --> 00:10:40,558
You know, I've always wondered
131
00:10:40,641 --> 00:10:43,602
why you didn't involve him
in the Manhattan Project.
132
00:10:45,938 --> 00:10:48,107
Greatest scientific mind of our time.
133
00:10:48,190 --> 00:10:49,316
Of his time.
134
00:10:50,234 --> 00:10:52,278
Einstein published
his Theory of Relativity
135
00:10:52,361 --> 00:10:54,989
more than 40 years ago now.
136
00:10:56,115 --> 00:10:58,659
But never embraced
the quantum world it revealed.
137
00:10:58,742 --> 00:11:00,161
"God doesn't play dice. "
138
00:11:00,911 --> 00:11:02,288
Precisely.
139
00:11:02,371 --> 00:11:05,082
You never thought of studying
physics formally, Mr. Strauss?
140
00:11:05,166 --> 00:11:07,793
I had offers, but I chose to sell shoes.
141
00:11:07,877 --> 00:11:10,713
Lewis Strauss was once
a lowly shoe salesman.
142
00:11:11,881 --> 00:11:13,841
No, just a shoe salesman.
143
00:11:17,469 --> 00:11:19,221
I'd love to introduce you.
144
00:11:19,305 --> 00:11:20,431
No need.
145
00:11:21,140 --> 00:11:22,725
I have known him for years.
146
00:11:44,580 --> 00:11:45,497
Albert.
147
00:11:50,211 --> 00:11:51,128
What was that?
148
00:11:52,129 --> 00:11:54,173
What did you say to him?
149
00:11:56,425 --> 00:11:57,676
Oh, he's fine.
150
00:11:59,678 --> 00:12:04,308
Mr. Strauss, there are things in my past
you ought to be aware of.
151
00:12:04,391 --> 00:12:07,686
Well, as chairman of the AEC,
I have access to your security file.
152
00:12:07,770 --> 00:12:08,771
I've read it.
153
00:12:08,854 --> 00:12:10,397
- You're not worried?
- No.
154
00:12:10,481 --> 00:12:12,733
Why would I be worried after everything
you've done for your country?
155
00:12:12,816 --> 00:12:14,777
Well, times change, Mr. Strauss.
156
00:12:14,860 --> 00:12:16,820
Well, the purpose of this institute
157
00:12:16,904 --> 00:12:19,198
is to provide
a haven for independent minds.
158
00:12:20,157 --> 00:12:21,408
That's you.
159
00:12:21,492 --> 00:12:23,285
You are the man for the job.
160
00:12:23,869 --> 00:12:25,871
Well, then I'll consider it.
161
00:12:25,955 --> 00:12:28,040
I'll see you at the AEC meeting tomorrow.
162
00:12:32,836 --> 00:12:35,422
This is one of the most prestigious
appointments in the country.
163
00:12:35,506 --> 00:12:37,633
Yes, with a great commute.
164
00:12:38,259 --> 00:12:39,760
That's why I'm considering it.
165
00:12:41,220 --> 00:12:44,974
So, Dr. Oppenheimer brought
your attention to his past associations
166
00:12:45,057 --> 00:12:46,475
before you appointed him?
167
00:12:46,558 --> 00:12:49,270
- Yes.
- And they didn't concern you?
168
00:12:49,353 --> 00:12:52,940
Just then I was entirely consumed
with what he must have said to Einstein
169
00:12:53,023 --> 00:12:55,693
to sour him on me.
170
00:12:58,195 --> 00:12:59,196
But later?
171
00:12:59,280 --> 00:13:01,740
Well, we all know what happened later.
172
00:13:01,824 --> 00:13:03,784
Doctor, your time in Europe,
173
00:13:03,867 --> 00:13:06,912
you seemed to meet with a wide range
of other countries' physicists.
174
00:13:06,996 --> 00:13:07,997
Yes, that's right.
175
00:13:08,080 --> 00:13:09,373
Any Russians?
176
00:13:11,250 --> 00:13:12,376
None that spring to mind.
177
00:13:12,459 --> 00:13:14,962
If you'll just allow me
to continue with my statement-
178
00:13:15,045 --> 00:13:18,465
Mr. Robb, you'll have ample opportunity
to cross-examine.
179
00:13:21,260 --> 00:13:24,388
After Gottingen,
I moved on to Leiden in Holland,
180
00:13:24,471 --> 00:13:26,390
Where I first met Isidor Rabi.
181
00:13:27,057 --> 00:13:28,559
Excuse me.
182
00:13:33,397 --> 00:13:35,691
A Yank, lecturing on the new physics?
183
00:13:35,774 --> 00:13:36,775
This I have to hear.
184
00:13:36,859 --> 00:13:38,944
I'm an American myself.
185
00:13:39,028 --> 00:13:40,154
How surprising.
186
00:13:41,322 --> 00:13:43,741
Let me know if you need any help
with the English.
187
00:13:57,796 --> 00:13:59,173
Wait, what's he saying?
188
00:14:10,559 --> 00:14:11,560
No, thank you.
189
00:14:11,643 --> 00:14:13,479
It's a long way to Zurich.
190
00:14:13,562 --> 00:14:16,106
You get any skinnier, we're gonna
lose you between the seat cushions.
191
00:14:16,940 --> 00:14:17,983
I'm Rabi.
192
00:14:18,067 --> 00:14:19,360
Oppenheimer.
193
00:14:19,443 --> 00:14:21,403
I caught your lecture on molecules.
194
00:14:21,487 --> 00:14:22,696
Caught some of it.
195
00:14:23,489 --> 00:14:25,908
We're a couple of New York Jews.
How do you know Dutch?
196
00:14:25,991 --> 00:14:28,869
Well, I thought I'd better learn it
when I got here this semester.
197
00:14:28,952 --> 00:14:32,164
You learned enough Dutch in six weeks
to give a lecture on quantum mechanics?
198
00:14:32,247 --> 00:14:33,707
Wanted to challenge myself.
199
00:14:33,791 --> 00:14:36,085
Quantum physics wasn't challenging enough.
200
00:14:36,168 --> 00:14:37,753
- Schvitzer.
- Schvitzer?
201
00:14:37,836 --> 00:14:39,338
Show-off.
202
00:14:39,421 --> 00:14:41,632
Dutch in six weeks,
but you never learned Yiddish?
203
00:14:41,715 --> 00:14:43,675
They don't speak it so much
my side of the park.
204
00:14:43,759 --> 00:14:45,177
Screw you.
205
00:14:46,387 --> 00:14:48,764
- You homesick?
- Oh, you know it.
206
00:14:49,765 --> 00:14:52,768
Ever get the feeling our kind
isn't entirely welcome here?
207
00:14:52,851 --> 00:14:53,852
Physicists?
208
00:14:54,478 --> 00:14:55,396
That's funny.
209
00:14:55,479 --> 00:14:57,022
Not in the department.
210
00:14:57,606 --> 00:14:58,774
They're all Jewish too.
211
00:15:00,984 --> 00:15:01,985
Eat.
212
00:15:04,822 --> 00:15:06,824
There's a German you have to seek out.
213
00:15:07,741 --> 00:15:09,451
- Heisenberg.
- Right.
214
00:15:19,586 --> 00:15:23,590
One might be led to the presumption
that behind the quantum world,
215
00:15:23,674 --> 00:15:27,469
there still hides a real world
in which causality holds,
216
00:15:27,553 --> 00:15:31,890
but such speculations seem to us,
to say it explicitly, fruitless.
217
00:15:31,974 --> 00:15:33,851
Thank you. Have a great day.
218
00:15:38,272 --> 00:15:40,399
- Werner. Wonderful.
- Thank you.
219
00:15:40,482 --> 00:15:42,234
Dr. Oppenheimer.
220
00:15:42,317 --> 00:15:46,029
Oppenheimer, yes.
I liked your paper on molecules.
221
00:15:46,113 --> 00:15:47,531
Probably because you inspired it.
222
00:15:47,614 --> 00:15:50,242
If I inspire anything else, let me know.
We could publish together.
223
00:15:50,325 --> 00:15:51,952
I have to get back to America.
224
00:15:52,035 --> 00:15:53,078
Why?
225
00:15:53,162 --> 00:15:55,956
There's no one there
taking quantum mechanics seriously.
226
00:15:56,039 --> 00:15:57,624
That's exactly why.
227
00:15:57,708 --> 00:16:00,127
He's pining for the canyons of Manhattan.
228
00:16:00,210 --> 00:16:02,504
Canyons of New Mexico.
229
00:16:02,588 --> 00:16:03,630
You're from New Mexico?
230
00:16:03,714 --> 00:16:07,217
No. New York, but my brother and I
have a ranch outside Santa Fe.
231
00:16:08,093 --> 00:16:09,803
That's the America I miss right now.
232
00:16:09,887 --> 00:16:13,140
Then it's best you get home, cowboys.
233
00:16:13,223 --> 00:16:14,224
That's him.
234
00:16:14,308 --> 00:16:17,186
No, me and horses? I don't think so.
235
00:16:18,312 --> 00:16:19,605
Nice to meet you.
236
00:16:21,565 --> 00:16:23,734
Did you ever encounter Heisenberg again?
237
00:16:23,817 --> 00:16:25,861
Not in person, no, but, uh...
238
00:16:27,988 --> 00:16:29,990
you might say our paths crossed.
239
00:16:31,450 --> 00:16:32,951
On returning to America,
240
00:16:33,035 --> 00:16:35,954
I accepted positions at both Caltech
and up at Berkeley.
241
00:17:00,521 --> 00:17:02,231
Dr. Lawrence, I presume?
242
00:17:04,525 --> 00:17:06,401
- You must be Oppenheimer.
- Yes.
243
00:17:06,902 --> 00:17:09,154
I hear you want to start
a school of quantum theory.
244
00:17:09,238 --> 00:17:10,989
I am starting it. Next door.
245
00:17:11,073 --> 00:17:12,241
They put you in there?
246
00:17:12,324 --> 00:17:15,577
I asked for it. Wanted to be close
to you experimentalists.
247
00:17:15,661 --> 00:17:17,329
Theory will get you only so far, huh?
248
00:17:17,412 --> 00:17:19,331
We're building a machine
to accelerate electrons.
249
00:17:19,414 --> 00:17:20,415
Magnificent.
250
00:17:20,499 --> 00:17:21,917
Would you like to help?
251
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:23,835
Build it? Oh, no.
252
00:17:23,919 --> 00:17:24,920
No, no.
253
00:17:25,003 --> 00:17:27,673
But I am working on theories
I'd like to test with it.
254
00:17:27,756 --> 00:17:29,049
When do you start teaching?
255
00:17:29,132 --> 00:17:30,425
I've got my first in an hour.
256
00:17:30,509 --> 00:17:32,469
- Seminar?
- Pupil.
257
00:17:33,136 --> 00:17:35,347
One student? That's it?
258
00:17:35,973 --> 00:17:38,559
I'm teaching something
no one here has dreamt of.
259
00:17:38,642 --> 00:17:40,561
But once people start hearing
what you can do with it-
260
00:17:40,644 --> 00:17:42,104
There's no going back.
261
00:17:44,565 --> 00:17:47,109
- Oh. I must have missed the-
- Mr. Lomanitz?
262
00:17:47,192 --> 00:17:48,193
Nah-
263
00:17:49,653 --> 00:17:50,654
Yeah.
264
00:17:50,737 --> 00:17:51,738
Yes, this is it.
265
00:17:51,822 --> 00:17:53,657
Please. Take a seat.
266
00:17:58,954 --> 00:18:00,581
What do you know
about quantum mechanics?
267
00:18:01,665 --> 00:18:03,584
I have a grasp on the basics.
268
00:18:03,667 --> 00:18:05,043
Then you're doing it wrong.
269
00:18:05,961 --> 00:18:08,171
Is light made up of particles or waves?
270
00:18:08,255 --> 00:18:10,841
Quantum mechanics says it's both.
How could it be both?
271
00:18:10,924 --> 00:18:12,384
- It can't.
- It can't.
272
00:18:13,093 --> 00:18:14,094
But it is.
273
00:18:14,177 --> 00:18:17,514
It's paradoxical, and yet, it works.
274
00:18:24,771 --> 00:18:25,856
Now...
275
00:18:28,275 --> 00:18:29,735
Thank you.
276
00:18:29,818 --> 00:18:31,486
Mr. Lomanitz.
277
00:18:31,570 --> 00:18:32,571
You're gonna be okay.
278
00:18:32,654 --> 00:18:34,197
Mr. Snyder.
279
00:18:34,281 --> 00:18:36,325
Now let's consider a star.
280
00:18:36,408 --> 00:18:37,951
A star.
281
00:18:38,035 --> 00:18:39,953
A vast furnace burning in outer space,
282
00:18:40,037 --> 00:18:42,581
fire pushing outwards
against its own gravity.
283
00:18:42,664 --> 00:18:43,832
Balanced.
284
00:18:45,125 --> 00:18:46,501
But if that furnace cools
285
00:18:47,794 --> 00:18:50,589
and gravity starts winning, it contracts.
286
00:18:50,672 --> 00:18:51,757
Density increases.
287
00:18:52,341 --> 00:18:54,468
Correct. Increasing gravity.
288
00:18:54,551 --> 00:18:56,303
- Increasing density.
- And?
289
00:18:56,386 --> 00:18:59,431
It's a vicious cycle until...
What's the limit here?
290
00:19:00,182 --> 00:19:03,226
I don't know.
See where the math takes us.
291
00:19:03,310 --> 00:19:04,811
I guarantee it's somewhere
no one's been before.
292
00:19:04,895 --> 00:19:06,396
Me?
293
00:19:07,064 --> 00:19:08,940
Yes, you. Your math is better than mine.
294
00:19:10,942 --> 00:19:12,653
Dr. Oppenheimer's file
295
00:19:12,736 --> 00:19:15,405
contained details
of his activities in Berkeley.
296
00:19:15,489 --> 00:19:19,159
Why would they have started a file
on Dr. Oppenheimer before the war?
297
00:19:19,910 --> 00:19:22,287
Well, you'd have to ask Mr. Hoover.
298
00:19:22,371 --> 00:19:24,164
I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss.
299
00:19:24,790 --> 00:19:26,958
Uh, my assumption is
300
00:19:27,042 --> 00:19:32,714
that it was connected to his,
uh, left-wing political activities.
301
00:19:34,508 --> 00:19:37,761
You shouldn't let them bring up politics
in the classroom, Oppie.
302
00:19:37,844 --> 00:19:38,845
I wrote that.
303
00:19:39,429 --> 00:19:42,057
Lawrence,
you embrace the revolution in physics.
304
00:19:42,140 --> 00:19:44,101
Can't you see it everywhere else?
305
00:19:44,184 --> 00:19:46,269
Picasso, Stravinsky, Freud, Marx.
306
00:19:46,353 --> 00:19:49,064
Well, this is America, Oppie.
We had our revolution.
307
00:19:50,273 --> 00:19:53,110
Seriously, keep it out of the lab.
308
00:19:53,193 --> 00:19:57,656
Well, out of the lab, my landlady
is having a discussion group tonight.
309
00:19:57,739 --> 00:19:58,740
Interested?
310
00:19:58,824 --> 00:20:00,909
I have sampled
the Berkeley political scene.
311
00:20:00,992 --> 00:20:05,372
It's all just philosophy postgrads
and communists talking integration.
312
00:20:05,455 --> 00:20:07,040
You don't care about integration?
313
00:20:07,124 --> 00:20:08,875
I want to vote for it, not talk about it.
314
00:20:08,959 --> 00:20:10,210
Especially on a Friday.
315
00:20:10,293 --> 00:20:11,336
Come on. Let's eat.
316
00:20:11,420 --> 00:20:12,921
I'm meeting my brother there.
317
00:20:13,547 --> 00:20:17,384
And how would these activities
have come to the attention of the FBI?
318
00:20:17,467 --> 00:20:19,469
Well, if I remember correctly,
319
00:20:19,553 --> 00:20:23,640
the FBI was taking license plates
outside suspected communist gatherings,
320
00:20:23,724 --> 00:20:25,392
and his name popped up.
321
00:20:33,900 --> 00:20:35,402
- Jesus Christ.
- Sorry.
322
00:20:35,485 --> 00:20:37,070
- Frank.
- Robert.
323
00:20:38,155 --> 00:20:39,698
Uh, you remember Jackie.
324
00:20:39,781 --> 00:20:40,782
Evening.
325
00:20:41,658 --> 00:20:42,701
Let's go.
326
00:20:46,997 --> 00:20:48,123
Robert.
327
00:20:48,206 --> 00:20:50,500
I want you to meet Chevalier.
328
00:20:50,584 --> 00:20:53,628
Dr. Haakon Chevalier,
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer.
329
00:20:53,712 --> 00:20:54,713
- Pleasure.
- Pleasure.
330
00:20:54,796 --> 00:20:56,757
- This is my little brother, Frank.
- Hello.
331
00:20:56,840 --> 00:20:58,383
- And this is-
- Still Jackie.
332
00:20:58,467 --> 00:20:59,509
Hello, Still Jackie.
333
00:20:59,593 --> 00:21:01,553
Chevalier, you're in languages?
334
00:21:01,636 --> 00:21:03,305
And your reputation precedes you.
335
00:21:03,388 --> 00:21:04,389
What have you heard?
336
00:21:04,473 --> 00:21:06,683
That you're teaching
a radical new approach to physics
337
00:21:06,767 --> 00:21:10,061
I have no chance of understanding,
but I hadn't heard you're a Party member.
338
00:21:10,145 --> 00:21:11,688
- I'm not.
- Not yet.
339
00:21:11,772 --> 00:21:14,149
Frank and I are thinking of joining.
Just the other day, I was-
340
00:21:14,232 --> 00:21:15,567
I support a range of causes.
341
00:21:15,650 --> 00:21:16,735
The Spanish Civil War?
342
00:21:16,818 --> 00:21:20,155
A democratic republic being overthrown
by fascist thugs, who wouldn't?
343
00:21:20,238 --> 00:21:23,992
Our government. They think that socialism
is a bigger threat than fascism.
344
00:21:24,075 --> 00:21:26,787
Not for long. Look at what the Nazis
are doing to the Jews.
345
00:21:26,870 --> 00:21:29,414
I send funds to colleagues in Germany
to emigrate.
346
00:21:29,498 --> 00:21:31,124
I have to do something.
347
00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:34,878
My own work is so abstract.
348
00:21:34,961 --> 00:21:38,465
- What are you working on?
- What happens to stars when they die.
349
00:21:38,548 --> 00:21:39,591
Do stars die?
350
00:21:40,926 --> 00:21:44,429
Well, if they do,
they cool, then collapse.
351
00:21:44,513 --> 00:21:49,142
In fact, the bigger the star,
the more violent its demise.
352
00:21:49,684 --> 00:21:53,104
Their gravity gets so concentrated,
it swallows everything.
353
00:21:53,772 --> 00:21:55,273
Everything, even light.
354
00:21:55,357 --> 00:21:56,608
Can that really happen?
355
00:21:56,691 --> 00:21:58,318
The math says it can.
356
00:21:58,401 --> 00:22:01,488
If we can get published, then perhaps
one day an astronomer finds one.
357
00:22:01,571 --> 00:22:05,367
But right now, all I have is theory,
which can't impact people's lives.
358
00:22:05,450 --> 00:22:07,494
Well, if you're going
to send money to Spain,
359
00:22:07,577 --> 00:22:08,995
do it through the Communist Party.
360
00:22:09,079 --> 00:22:11,039
They can get it to the front lines.
361
00:22:11,122 --> 00:22:12,415
Mary sent me with these.
362
00:22:13,375 --> 00:22:14,376
I'm Jean.
363
00:22:15,293 --> 00:22:16,294
Robert.
364
00:22:16,378 --> 00:22:17,420
Haakon Chevalier.
365
00:22:17,504 --> 00:22:19,422
The union meeting at Serber's last month.
366
00:22:19,506 --> 00:22:20,799
Right, right, yes.
367
00:22:20,882 --> 00:22:22,217
Oh, thank you.
368
00:22:22,801 --> 00:22:24,553
Robert here says he's not a communist.
369
00:22:24,636 --> 00:22:26,763
Well, then he doesn't
know enough about it.
370
00:22:26,847 --> 00:22:29,516
I've read Das Kapital, all three volumes.
371
00:22:29,599 --> 00:22:30,600
Does that count?
372
00:22:30,684 --> 00:22:32,894
It would make you better read
than most party members.
373
00:22:32,978 --> 00:22:36,523
It's turgid stuff. There's some thinking,
"Ownership is theft. "
374
00:22:36,606 --> 00:22:37,649
"Property-ll
375
00:22:37,732 --> 00:22:39,067
"Property"?
376
00:22:39,150 --> 00:22:40,402
"Property," not "ownership. "
377
00:22:40,485 --> 00:22:42,279
I'm sorry,
I read it in the original German.
378
00:22:43,822 --> 00:22:45,365
- Well...
379
00:22:45,949 --> 00:22:47,117
It's not about the book.
380
00:22:47,200 --> 00:22:48,827
It's about the ideas.
381
00:22:48,910 --> 00:22:50,453
And you sound uncommitted.
382
00:22:50,537 --> 00:22:53,832
I'm committed to thinking freely
about how to improve our world.
383
00:22:54,541 --> 00:22:56,626
Why limit yourself to one dogma?
384
00:22:56,710 --> 00:22:59,588
You're a physicist.
You pick and choose rules?
385
00:22:59,671 --> 00:23:03,800
Or do you use the discipline
to channel your energies into progress?
386
00:23:03,884 --> 00:23:05,760
I like a little wiggle room.
387
00:23:06,803 --> 00:23:08,763
Do you always toe the party line?
388
00:23:10,473 --> 00:23:12,183
I like my wiggle room too.
389
00:23:22,944 --> 00:23:23,945
What?
390
00:23:24,821 --> 00:23:25,822
Wait, wait, wait.
391
00:23:30,035 --> 00:23:32,579
- Unexpected.
- What?
392
00:23:32,662 --> 00:23:34,080
For a physicist.
393
00:23:34,164 --> 00:23:36,625
You only have a shelf full of Freud?
394
00:23:36,708 --> 00:23:39,127
Well, actually, my background's more-
395
00:23:39,210 --> 00:23:40,378
Jungian?
396
00:23:42,380 --> 00:23:43,757
You know analysis?
397
00:23:43,840 --> 00:23:47,135
When I was a postgrad at Cambridge,
I had a little trouble.
398
00:23:48,303 --> 00:23:49,304
I'll bite.
399
00:23:49,387 --> 00:23:50,931
I tried to poison my tutor.
400
00:23:51,014 --> 00:23:52,015
Did you hate him?
401
00:23:52,098 --> 00:23:53,516
I liked him very much.
402
00:23:53,600 --> 00:23:55,393
You just needed to get laid.
403
00:23:55,477 --> 00:23:56,937
Took my analyst two years,
404
00:23:57,020 --> 00:23:59,147
and I don't think they ever put it
that succinctly.
405
00:23:59,230 --> 00:24:03,068
You have everyone convinced you're
more complicated than you actually are.
406
00:24:03,151 --> 00:24:04,986
We're all simple souls, I guess.
407
00:24:05,070 --> 00:24:06,279
I'm not.
408
00:24:09,157 --> 00:24:10,158
What's this?
409
00:24:10,241 --> 00:24:11,826
Sanskrit.
410
00:24:11,910 --> 00:24:13,078
You can read this?
411
00:24:13,161 --> 00:24:14,746
I'm learning.
412
00:24:19,751 --> 00:24:20,752
Read this.
413
00:24:22,504 --> 00:24:26,257
Well, in this part,
Vishnu reveals his multi-armed self-
414
00:24:26,341 --> 00:24:27,425
No.
415
00:24:28,593 --> 00:24:30,178
Read the words.
416
00:24:33,848 --> 00:24:36,059
"And now I am become Death. "
417
00:24:42,273 --> 00:24:43,817
"The destroyer of worlds. "
418
00:25:14,431 --> 00:25:15,640
This'll do.
419
00:25:22,313 --> 00:25:23,606
It'll break before dawn.
420
00:25:24,107 --> 00:25:27,485
Air cools overnight.
Just before dawn, it breaks.
421
00:25:29,320 --> 00:25:31,072
Come on. Come on.
422
00:25:38,121 --> 00:25:40,165
So...
423
00:25:40,248 --> 00:25:41,624
I'm getting married.
424
00:25:41,708 --> 00:25:43,918
- Frank. Congratulations.
- Thank you.
425
00:25:44,002 --> 00:25:45,003
To Jackie?
426
00:25:45,086 --> 00:25:47,547
Yeah, to Jackie.
427
00:25:47,630 --> 00:25:48,715
The waitress.
428
00:25:48,798 --> 00:25:50,633
Oppie, you're right. It's lettin' up.
429
00:25:50,717 --> 00:25:52,552
I'm gonna go see if there's any stars.
430
00:25:52,635 --> 00:25:56,890
All your talk about the common man,
but Jackie's not good enough for you, hmm?
431
00:25:57,807 --> 00:26:00,185
We join the Party,
and you can't hide your disapproval, why?
432
00:26:00,268 --> 00:26:02,228
Is that because that's supposed to be
your thing?
433
00:26:02,312 --> 00:26:03,646
I haven't joined the Party, Frank.
434
00:26:03,730 --> 00:26:06,399
And I don't think she should have
convinced you to either.
435
00:26:06,483 --> 00:26:08,026
Half of the faculty is communist.
436
00:26:08,109 --> 00:26:09,110
Not that half.
437
00:26:10,612 --> 00:26:13,323
I'm your brother, Frank,
and I want you to be cautious.
438
00:26:13,406 --> 00:26:14,574
And I want to wring your neck.
439
00:26:17,077 --> 00:26:20,163
I won't live my life
afraid to make a mistake.
440
00:26:22,290 --> 00:26:25,418
You're happy, I'm happy.
441
00:26:25,502 --> 00:26:28,254
So then I'm happy you're happy
that I'm happy.
442
00:26:33,301 --> 00:26:36,596
I feel like I could see one of those
dark stars that you're working on.
443
00:26:36,679 --> 00:26:39,557
You can't. That's the whole point.
444
00:26:39,641 --> 00:26:41,726
Their gravity swallows light.
445
00:26:42,644 --> 00:26:44,854
It's like a kind of hole in space.
446
00:26:45,855 --> 00:26:47,065
Is Frank okay?
447
00:26:47,148 --> 00:26:49,818
Yes. He just has a shitty brother.
448
00:26:50,777 --> 00:26:52,153
It is special here.
449
00:26:54,781 --> 00:26:55,990
When I was a kid,
450
00:26:57,283 --> 00:26:58,827
I thought if I could find a way
451
00:27:00,411 --> 00:27:04,582
to combine physics and New Mexico,
452
00:27:04,666 --> 00:27:06,334
my life would be perfect.
453
00:27:08,294 --> 00:27:10,338
- Little remote for that.
- Yes.
454
00:27:10,839 --> 00:27:12,173
Let's get some sleep.
455
00:27:13,550 --> 00:27:17,178
That mesa we saw today,
one of my favorite places in the world.
456
00:27:18,138 --> 00:27:19,222
Tomorrow we'll climb it.
457
00:27:19,764 --> 00:27:21,099
What's it called?
458
00:27:22,142 --> 00:27:23,351
Los Alamos.
459
00:27:27,438 --> 00:27:29,232
I didn't expect to see you today.
460
00:27:30,692 --> 00:27:32,360
Do I have to make an appointment?
461
00:27:34,320 --> 00:27:36,906
- Hey! Hey, get back here!
- Alvarez?
462
00:27:43,371 --> 00:27:45,456
Oppie! Oppie!
463
00:27:46,207 --> 00:27:47,709
What? What is it?
464
00:27:48,209 --> 00:27:49,919
They've done it. They've done it.
465
00:27:50,003 --> 00:27:52,922
Hahn and Strassmann in Germany.
They split the uranium nucleus.
466
00:27:54,257 --> 00:27:55,633
How?
467
00:27:56,885 --> 00:27:58,720
Bombarded it with neutrons.
468
00:27:58,803 --> 00:28:01,472
It's a nuclear fission.
They did it, they split the atom.
469
00:28:01,556 --> 00:28:02,765
It's not possible.
470
00:28:09,355 --> 00:28:10,899
I'm gonna try to reproduce it.
471
00:28:17,697 --> 00:28:19,616
See? Can't be done.
472
00:28:20,867 --> 00:28:22,076
Very elegant.
473
00:28:22,827 --> 00:28:24,120
Quite clear.
474
00:28:24,204 --> 00:28:26,289
- There's just one problem.
- Where?
475
00:28:26,956 --> 00:28:28,041
Next door.
476
00:28:28,708 --> 00:28:29,709
Alvarez did it.
477
00:28:30,710 --> 00:28:31,920
But then look,
478
00:28:32,962 --> 00:28:35,506
these fission pulses, they're massive.
479
00:28:36,174 --> 00:28:39,594
I've seen 30 of these
in the past ten minutes.
480
00:28:40,178 --> 00:28:42,180
Theory will take you only so far.
481
00:28:43,973 --> 00:28:45,308
During the process,
482
00:28:46,476 --> 00:28:50,897
extra neutrons boil off, which could
be used to split other uranium atoms.
483
00:28:50,980 --> 00:28:54,067
Chain reaction.
You're thinkin' what I'm thinkin'?
484
00:28:54,150 --> 00:28:57,946
You, me, and every other physicist
around the world who's seen the news.
485
00:28:59,405 --> 00:29:00,782
What? What are we all thinking?
486
00:29:01,824 --> 00:29:04,452
A bomb, Alvarez.
487
00:29:05,703 --> 00:29:06,913
A bomb.
488
00:29:08,414 --> 00:29:10,416
I told you, Robert,
no more fucking flowers.
489
00:29:12,377 --> 00:29:15,463
- I don't understand what you want from me.
- I don't want anything from you.
490
00:29:17,048 --> 00:29:20,635
- Well, you say that and then you call.
- Well, don't answer.
491
00:29:21,886 --> 00:29:23,012
I'll always answer.
492
00:29:28,643 --> 00:29:31,437
Fine. Just no more flowers.
493
00:29:33,273 --> 00:29:34,565
You're not coming?
494
00:29:36,484 --> 00:29:38,611
You have to know
when you're beaten, Robert.
495
00:29:41,072 --> 00:29:42,448
It's not that simple, Hoke.
496
00:29:42,532 --> 00:29:44,951
- Chevalier, good to see you.
- F-A-E-C-T! F-A-E-C-T!
497
00:29:45,034 --> 00:29:48,288
Barbara, good to see you,
and the illustrious Dr. Oppenheimer.
498
00:29:48,788 --> 00:29:50,456
- I'm Eltenton.
- Pleasure.
499
00:29:50,540 --> 00:29:51,624
Please, please.
500
00:29:51,708 --> 00:29:55,461
Might you say a word
about organized labor on campuses, yes?
501
00:29:55,545 --> 00:29:56,963
Corning through! Coming through.
502
00:29:57,046 --> 00:29:58,339
I work at Shell.
503
00:29:58,423 --> 00:30:00,717
We've signed up chemists,
we signed up engineers,
504
00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:02,468
so why not scientists in academia?
505
00:30:02,552 --> 00:30:07,598
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
506
00:30:16,524 --> 00:30:18,276
Teachers are unionized.
507
00:30:18,776 --> 00:30:21,404
- Why not professors?
- Don't you have somewhere to be?
508
00:30:21,487 --> 00:30:24,282
Lawrence, academics have rights too.
509
00:30:24,365 --> 00:30:26,242
Look, it's not that.
I've got a group coming.
510
00:30:26,326 --> 00:30:28,161
Oh. I'll sit in.
511
00:30:28,244 --> 00:30:29,287
Not this one.
512
00:30:35,835 --> 00:30:38,880
Richard. Dr. Bush.
What brings you two up north?
513
00:30:48,639 --> 00:30:51,559
Richard, you tell Ruth
I'll be down to Pasadena Thursday.
514
00:31:01,611 --> 00:31:03,780
Your paper on black holes is in!
515
00:31:05,448 --> 00:31:07,283
Where's Hartland?
516
00:31:07,367 --> 00:31:09,452
Get Hartland. Get Hartland.
517
00:31:09,535 --> 00:31:13,164
September 1st, 1939.
The world's gonna remember this day.
518
00:31:14,665 --> 00:31:16,667
Oh, Hartland. Our paper, it's in print.
519
00:31:16,751 --> 00:31:18,628
We've been upstaged.
520
00:31:21,923 --> 00:31:23,674
During the Battle of Britain,
521
00:31:23,758 --> 00:31:26,677
I found myself
increasingly out of sympathy
522
00:31:26,761 --> 00:31:30,890
with the policy of neutrality
that communists advocated.
523
00:31:30,973 --> 00:31:34,060
But after Hitler invaded Russia
and we became allies,
524
00:31:34,143 --> 00:31:36,479
these communist sympathies,
did they return?
525
00:31:36,562 --> 00:31:37,480
No.
526
00:31:38,356 --> 00:31:42,527
I need to make clear
that my changing views on Russia
527
00:31:42,610 --> 00:31:45,988
did not mean a sharp break
from those who held different views.
528
00:31:46,072 --> 00:31:48,366
For a year or two,
and during a previous marriage,
529
00:31:48,449 --> 00:31:51,661
my wife Kitty had been
a Communist Party member.
530
00:31:55,706 --> 00:31:57,834
This way.
This is where I keep the good stuff.
531
00:31:57,917 --> 00:31:59,710
I thought this was the Tolmans' house.
532
00:31:59,794 --> 00:32:01,712
I live with them while I'm at Caltech.
533
00:32:01,796 --> 00:32:04,715
- Do you two need anything?
- We're good, Ruthie.
534
00:32:05,967 --> 00:32:08,678
So, you're a biologist.
535
00:32:09,262 --> 00:32:12,515
Well, somehow
I have graduated to housewife.
536
00:32:12,598 --> 00:32:16,144
Can you explain quantum mechanics to me?
Seems baffling.
537
00:32:16,227 --> 00:32:17,728
Yes, it is.
538
00:32:19,147 --> 00:32:22,567
Well, this glass, this drink,
539
00:32:23,693 --> 00:32:27,363
this countertop, uh, our bodies,
540
00:32:28,906 --> 00:32:30,074
all of it.
541
00:32:31,367 --> 00:32:33,411
It's mostly empty space.
542
00:32:33,494 --> 00:32:36,539
Groupings of tiny energy waves
bound together.
543
00:32:36,622 --> 00:32:37,623
By What?
544
00:32:37,707 --> 00:32:41,461
Forces of attraction strong enough
to convince us
545
00:32:41,544 --> 00:32:45,965
that matter is solid,
stop my body passing through yours.
546
00:32:58,728 --> 00:33:00,271
You're married to Dr. Harrison.
547
00:33:00,855 --> 00:33:01,814
Not very.
548
00:33:04,066 --> 00:33:07,737
There is someone that I feel-
549
00:33:07,820 --> 00:33:09,155
Does she feel the same way?
550
00:33:09,238 --> 00:33:10,615
Sometimes.
551
00:33:11,574 --> 00:33:12,909
Not enough.
552
00:33:14,243 --> 00:33:17,079
You know, I'm going to New Mexico.
553
00:33:17,163 --> 00:33:19,999
To my ranch, with friends.
You should come.
554
00:33:21,334 --> 00:33:23,252
I meant with your husband.
555
00:33:23,336 --> 00:33:24,378
Yes, you did.
556
00:33:24,462 --> 00:33:26,881
'Cause you know
it won't make a bit of difference.
557
00:33:31,260 --> 00:33:33,054
Why did you marry him?
558
00:33:33,137 --> 00:33:36,307
I was lost and he was kind.
559
00:33:38,643 --> 00:33:39,644
Lost?
560
00:33:40,311 --> 00:33:42,063
Well, my previous husband had died
561
00:33:42,146 --> 00:33:45,316
and at 28
I wasn't really ready to be a widow.
562
00:33:45,399 --> 00:33:46,817
Who was your first husband?
563
00:33:46,901 --> 00:33:50,112
Nobody. But my second husband
was Joe Dallet.
564
00:33:50,196 --> 00:33:52,615
He was, um, from money, like me,
565
00:33:52,698 --> 00:33:56,202
but he was a union organizer
in Youngstown, Ohio.
566
00:33:56,285 --> 00:33:57,411
Fell hard.
567
00:33:57,495 --> 00:33:58,871
How hard?
568
00:33:58,955 --> 00:34:01,624
Hard enough to spend the next four years
living off beans and pancakes,
569
00:34:01,707 --> 00:34:04,669
handing out the Daily Worker
at factory gates.
570
00:34:05,253 --> 00:34:07,547
By 36, I just told Joe
I couldn't take it anymore.
571
00:34:07,630 --> 00:34:10,132
Quit the Party.
A year later, I wanted him back.
572
00:34:10,216 --> 00:34:12,802
Him, not the Daily Worker.
573
00:34:12,885 --> 00:34:14,971
He said,
"Swell, I'll meet you on my way to Spain. "
574
00:34:15,054 --> 00:34:16,430
He went to fight for the Loyalists?
575
00:34:16,514 --> 00:34:19,559
And then he went to the brigades
and I waited, and...
576
00:34:21,227 --> 00:34:24,647
Joe got himself killed first time
he popped his head outta the trench.
577
00:34:25,439 --> 00:34:27,817
Ideology got Joe killed. For nothing.
578
00:34:27,900 --> 00:34:29,694
Spanish Republic isn't nothing.
579
00:34:29,777 --> 00:34:32,780
My husband offered both our futures
to stop one fascist bullet
580
00:34:32,863 --> 00:34:35,032
from embedding itself in a mudbank.
581
00:34:36,075 --> 00:34:38,327
That's the definition of nothing.
582
00:34:38,411 --> 00:34:40,288
- Seems a little reductive.
- Pragmatic.
583
00:34:42,331 --> 00:34:43,624
Now here I am.
584
00:34:46,252 --> 00:34:47,837
Wherever the hell this is.
585
00:34:55,011 --> 00:34:57,555
I didn't want you to hear it
from anyone else.
586
00:35:00,516 --> 00:35:02,476
Least you didn't bring me flowers.
587
00:35:10,067 --> 00:35:12,320
We both know I'm not what you want, Jean.
588
00:35:13,654 --> 00:35:15,531
Yeah, but it's a door closing.
589
00:35:16,449 --> 00:35:17,450
No.
590
00:35:19,327 --> 00:35:21,370
Not as far as I'm concerned, no.
591
00:35:23,039 --> 00:35:25,333
You knocked her up. Fast work.
592
00:35:25,416 --> 00:35:28,085
Can't keep a good man down.
593
00:35:28,169 --> 00:35:29,378
I meant her.
594
00:35:30,171 --> 00:35:33,382
She knew what she wanted.
What about the husband?
595
00:35:33,466 --> 00:35:34,884
We talked.
596
00:35:34,967 --> 00:35:36,218
They're getting a divorce
597
00:35:36,302 --> 00:35:40,473
so we can get married
before she starts showing.
598
00:35:40,556 --> 00:35:42,058
How civilized.
599
00:35:44,018 --> 00:35:46,604
You idiot. This is your community.
600
00:35:47,647 --> 00:35:50,274
You think the rules don't apply
to the golden boy?
601
00:35:51,067 --> 00:35:52,735
Brilliance makes up for a lot.
602
00:35:53,444 --> 00:35:57,073
Don't alienate the only people
in the world that understand what you do.
603
00:35:58,699 --> 00:36:00,326
One day you might need them.
604
00:36:00,409 --> 00:36:02,953
F- A-E-C-T! F-A-E-C-T!
605
00:36:03,037 --> 00:36:05,039
The Federation of Architects, Engineers,
606
00:36:05,122 --> 00:36:07,249
Chemists and Technicians.
607
00:36:14,131 --> 00:36:17,510
- Lomanitz, what do you get paid a month?
- That's not the point, Lawrence.
608
00:36:17,593 --> 00:36:22,431
What do any of you have in common
with farm laborers and dock workers?
609
00:36:22,515 --> 00:36:23,724
Plenty.
610
00:36:24,892 --> 00:36:26,936
Everybody out. Now!
611
00:36:31,524 --> 00:36:32,858
Not you.
612
00:36:38,698 --> 00:36:39,699
What are you doing?
613
00:36:40,574 --> 00:36:43,411
- It's a trade union.
- Filled with communists.
614
00:36:43,494 --> 00:36:45,329
So? I haven't joined the Party.
615
00:36:45,413 --> 00:36:48,916
They won't let me bring you
onto the project because of this shit.
616
00:36:48,999 --> 00:36:51,293
They won't even let me tell you
what the project is.
617
00:36:51,377 --> 00:36:54,255
- Oh, I know what the project is.
- Oh, really?
618
00:36:54,338 --> 00:36:56,966
We've all heard about
Einstein and Szilard's letter to Roosevelt
619
00:36:57,049 --> 00:36:58,676
warning him the Germans could make a bomb,
620
00:36:58,759 --> 00:37:02,054
and I know what it means
for the Nazis to have a bomb.
621
00:37:02,138 --> 00:37:03,514
And I don't?
622
00:37:03,597 --> 00:37:06,642
It's not your people
they're herding into camps.
623
00:37:06,726 --> 00:37:07,852
It's mine.
624
00:37:08,602 --> 00:37:10,938
You think that I tell them
about your politics.
625
00:37:12,982 --> 00:37:14,734
The next time you're coming home
from a meeting,
626
00:37:14,817 --> 00:37:16,819
why don't you take a look
in the rear view mirror?
627
00:37:16,902 --> 00:37:21,782
Listen to the sounds on your phone line
and stop being so goddamn naive.
628
00:37:23,242 --> 00:37:24,577
Why would they care what I do?
629
00:37:24,660 --> 00:37:28,831
Because you're not just self-important,
you're actually important.
630
00:37:32,293 --> 00:37:33,294
Okay.
631
00:37:34,336 --> 00:37:37,465
- I get it.
- If you could just be a little more-
632
00:37:37,548 --> 00:37:38,716
Pragmatic.
633
00:37:38,799 --> 00:37:40,760
I'll talk to Lomanitz,
I'll talk to the others.
634
00:37:40,843 --> 00:37:43,429
You don't have to worry.
It's done, Lawrence.
635
00:37:48,851 --> 00:37:50,186
Then welcome to the war.
636
00:37:50,936 --> 00:37:53,230
I filled out
my first security questionnaire
637
00:37:53,314 --> 00:37:56,525
and was informed that my involvement
with left-wing groups
638
00:37:56,609 --> 00:38:00,529
would not prove a bar
to my working on the atomic program.
639
00:38:00,613 --> 00:38:03,199
Why were his communist associations
640
00:38:03,282 --> 00:38:06,118
not seen as a security risk
during the war?
641
00:38:06,202 --> 00:38:09,288
Senator, I can't possibly answer
for security clearance
642
00:38:09,371 --> 00:38:11,373
granted years before I ever met the man.
643
00:38:11,457 --> 00:38:13,417
Fine. What about after?
644
00:38:13,501 --> 00:38:14,502
After the war,
645
00:38:14,585 --> 00:38:19,215
Dr. Oppenheimer was the most respected
scientific voice in the world.
646
00:38:19,298 --> 00:38:21,342
That's why I asked him
to run the Institute.
647
00:38:21,425 --> 00:38:24,303
That's why he advised
the Atomic Energy Commission.
648
00:38:24,386 --> 00:38:25,513
Simple as that.
649
00:38:26,096 --> 00:38:27,640
What are they accusing me of?
650
00:38:28,265 --> 00:38:31,769
I think they just wanna know what happened
between 1947 and 1954
651
00:38:31,852 --> 00:38:34,563
to change your mind
on Oppenheimer's security clearance.
652
00:38:34,647 --> 00:38:35,648
I didn't.
653
00:38:35,731 --> 00:38:37,441
I was chair of the AEC,
654
00:38:37,525 --> 00:38:40,903
but it wasn't me
that brought the charges against Robert.
655
00:38:40,986 --> 00:38:42,279
Who did?
656
00:38:42,363 --> 00:38:44,240
Some former staff member
of the Joint Congressional Committee.
657
00:38:44,323 --> 00:38:47,368
He was a rabid anti-communist
named Borden.
658
00:38:47,451 --> 00:38:49,662
He wrote to the FBI
demanding they take action.
659
00:38:49,745 --> 00:38:52,248
The FBI? Why not go to the AEC direct?
660
00:38:52,331 --> 00:38:54,834
Why get caught holding the knife yourself?
661
00:38:54,917 --> 00:38:56,710
What did Borden have against Oppenheimer?
662
00:38:56,794 --> 00:38:58,462
This was the McCarthy Era.
663
00:38:59,338 --> 00:39:02,675
People hounded out of jobs
for any hint of red.
664
00:39:02,758 --> 00:39:05,761
And then,
reading Oppenheimer's security file,
665
00:39:05,845 --> 00:39:08,848
his communist brother,
sister-in-law, fiancee,
666
00:39:08,931 --> 00:39:10,266
best friend, Wife-
667
00:39:10,349 --> 00:39:12,768
That's before we even get
to the Chevalier incident.
668
00:39:12,852 --> 00:39:16,188
But how would Borden have access
to Oppenheimer's security file?
669
00:39:16,272 --> 00:39:18,190
Because somebody gave it to him.
670
00:39:19,191 --> 00:39:21,735
Somebody who wanted Robert silenced.
671
00:39:21,819 --> 00:39:23,821
- Who?
- Who knows?
672
00:39:23,904 --> 00:39:27,825
Robert didn't take care not to upset
the power brokers in Washington.
673
00:39:28,534 --> 00:39:31,287
His opinions on the atom became definitive
674
00:39:31,370 --> 00:39:33,873
and he wasn't always patient
with us mere mortals.
675
00:39:37,668 --> 00:39:39,837
I came in for plenty of harsh treatment.
676
00:39:39,920 --> 00:39:43,299
There was an AEC vote
677
00:39:43,382 --> 00:39:45,801
on the export of isotopes to Norway,
678
00:39:45,885 --> 00:39:48,554
and they drafted in Robert
to make me look like a fool.
679
00:39:48,637 --> 00:39:51,557
But, Dr. Oppenheimer,
we've already heard from Admiral Strauss
680
00:39:51,640 --> 00:39:54,894
that these isotopes
could be useful to our enemies
681
00:39:54,977 --> 00:39:56,395
in the production of atomic weapons.
682
00:39:56,478 --> 00:39:59,648
Congressmen, you could use
a shovel in making atomic weapons.
683
00:39:59,732 --> 00:40:00,733
In fact, you do.
684
00:40:00,816 --> 00:40:03,861
You could use a bottle of beer
in making atomic weapons.
685
00:40:03,944 --> 00:40:05,321
In fact, you do.
686
00:40:05,404 --> 00:40:08,741
I say isotopes are less useful
than electronic components,
687
00:40:08,824 --> 00:40:11,994
but more useful than a sandwich.
688
00:40:14,622 --> 00:40:16,123
Genius is no guarantee of wisdom.
689
00:40:17,249 --> 00:40:19,793
How could this man
who saw so much be so blind?
690
00:40:29,595 --> 00:40:30,596
Kitty?
691
00:40:35,768 --> 00:40:36,769
Kitty?
692
00:40:38,312 --> 00:40:40,606
Kitty, the project-
693
00:40:41,941 --> 00:40:44,652
I'm in. I'm in.
694
00:40:44,735 --> 00:40:46,028
Let's celebrate.
695
00:40:52,117 --> 00:40:53,535
Shouldn't you go to him?
696
00:40:58,374 --> 00:41:01,543
I have been going to him all fucking day.
697
00:41:15,015 --> 00:41:16,308
Okay.
698
00:41:23,732 --> 00:41:24,733
Here.
699
00:41:25,359 --> 00:41:26,443
Come here, darling.
700
00:41:27,319 --> 00:41:28,862
I don't know how to say this.
701
00:41:29,655 --> 00:41:31,573
L- I'm ashamed to ask.
702
00:41:32,157 --> 00:41:33,158
Anything.
703
00:41:34,118 --> 00:41:36,036
- Take Peter.
- Sure.
704
00:41:36,120 --> 00:41:37,955
No, for a while, Hoke.
705
00:41:38,914 --> 00:41:39,915
A While.
706
00:41:41,875 --> 00:41:44,086
Does Kitty know you're here?
707
00:41:44,169 --> 00:41:45,379
Yes, of course she knows.
708
00:41:46,213 --> 00:41:47,673
Of course she knows.
709
00:41:48,507 --> 00:41:51,093
We're awful people. Selfish, awful people.
710
00:41:53,387 --> 00:41:54,388
Forget I asked.
711
00:41:54,471 --> 00:41:56,390
Selfish, awful people,
712
00:41:56,473 --> 00:41:58,809
they don't know they're selfish and awful.
713
00:41:59,727 --> 00:42:01,103
Sit, sit, sit.
714
00:42:02,563 --> 00:42:06,483
Robert, you see beyond the world
we live in.
715
00:42:08,235 --> 00:42:10,237
There is a price to be paid for that.
716
00:42:10,946 --> 00:42:12,281
Of course we'll help you.
717
00:42:23,459 --> 00:42:25,252
Everything's changing, Robert.
718
00:42:25,836 --> 00:42:27,463
Having a child
was always going to change-
719
00:42:27,546 --> 00:42:31,091
No, the world, it's pivoting
in some new direction.
720
00:42:32,092 --> 00:42:33,302
It's reforming.
721
00:42:35,846 --> 00:42:37,014
This is your moment.
722
00:42:38,682 --> 00:42:40,267
We're putting together a group
to study feasibili-
723
00:42:40,350 --> 00:42:43,103
"We" shouldn't be doing anything.
You should.
724
00:42:44,021 --> 00:42:45,606
Lawrence won't get this done.
725
00:42:46,273 --> 00:42:48,484
Or Tolman, or Rabi. You will.
726
00:42:57,701 --> 00:42:59,328
Who are the uniforms?
727
00:43:00,162 --> 00:43:01,580
I thought you might know.
728
00:43:03,040 --> 00:43:04,792
Dr. Oppenheimer.
729
00:43:06,293 --> 00:43:07,503
I'm Colonel Groves.
730
00:43:07,586 --> 00:43:09,713
This is Lieutenant Colonel Nichols.
731
00:43:09,797 --> 00:43:11,048
Have that dry cleaned.
732
00:43:16,512 --> 00:43:19,139
Well, if that's how
you treat Lieutenant Colonel,
733
00:43:19,223 --> 00:43:22,768
I'd hate to see how you treat
a humble physicist.
734
00:43:22,851 --> 00:43:24,645
If I ever meet one, I'll let you know.
735
00:43:24,728 --> 00:43:26,146
Ouch.
736
00:43:26,230 --> 00:43:29,775
Theaters of combat all over the world
but I have to stay in Washington.
737
00:43:30,400 --> 00:43:32,611
- Why?
- I built the Pentagon.
738
00:43:32,694 --> 00:43:37,116
The brass likes it so much they made me
take over the Manhattan Engineer District.
739
00:43:37,699 --> 00:43:38,617
Which is?
740
00:43:39,618 --> 00:43:40,744
Don't be a smart ass.
741
00:43:40,828 --> 00:43:41,995
You know damn well what it is.
742
00:43:42,079 --> 00:43:44,540
You and half of every physics department
across the country.
743
00:43:44,623 --> 00:43:46,500
That's problem number one.
744
00:43:46,583 --> 00:43:49,628
I thought problem number one
would be securing enough uranium ore.
745
00:43:49,711 --> 00:43:53,257
-1,200 tons bought the day I took charge.
Processing?
746
00:43:53,340 --> 00:43:55,676
Just broke ground at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
747
00:43:56,844 --> 00:43:58,470
Now I'm looking for a project director.
748
00:43:59,471 --> 00:44:00,639
And my name came up?
749
00:44:00,722 --> 00:44:01,807
Nope.
750
00:44:02,808 --> 00:44:05,185
Even though you brought quantum physics
to America.
751
00:44:05,269 --> 00:44:06,478
Which made me curious.
752
00:44:07,062 --> 00:44:08,272
What've you found out?
753
00:44:09,481 --> 00:44:13,235
You're a dilettante, a womanizer,
a suspected communist-
754
00:44:13,318 --> 00:44:14,611
I'm a New Deal Democrat.
755
00:44:14,695 --> 00:44:16,363
I said "suspected. "
756
00:44:16,446 --> 00:44:20,492
Unstable, theatrical,
egotistical, neurotic-
757
00:44:20,576 --> 00:44:23,412
Nothing good, no?
Not even, "He's brilliant, but-"
758
00:44:23,495 --> 00:44:26,874
Well, brilliance is taken for granted
in your circle, so no.
759
00:44:26,957 --> 00:44:30,627
No, the only person who had anything good
to say was Richard Tolman.
760
00:44:30,711 --> 00:44:32,629
Tolman thinks you have integrity,
761
00:44:32,713 --> 00:44:37,134
but he also strikes me as a guy
who knows more about science than people.
762
00:44:37,718 --> 00:44:38,969
Yet here you are.
763
00:44:39,595 --> 00:44:41,138
You don't take much on trust.
764
00:44:41,221 --> 00:44:42,890
I don't take anything on trust.
765
00:44:46,894 --> 00:44:48,437
Why don't you have a Nobel prize?
766
00:44:48,520 --> 00:44:50,898
- Why aren't you a general?
- They're making me one for this.
767
00:44:50,981 --> 00:44:53,942
- Perhaps I'll have the same luck.
- A Nobel prize for making a bomb?
768
00:44:54,026 --> 00:44:55,903
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
769
00:44:58,780 --> 00:44:59,990
So how would you proceed?
770
00:45:01,909 --> 00:45:06,622
You're talking about turning theory
into a practical weapons system
771
00:45:06,705 --> 00:45:07,998
faster than the Nazis.
772
00:45:08,081 --> 00:45:09,583
Who have a 12-month head start.
773
00:45:09,666 --> 00:45:11,752
- Eighteen.
- How could you possibly know that?
774
00:45:11,835 --> 00:45:14,296
Our fast neutron research took six months.
775
00:45:14,379 --> 00:45:17,257
The man they've undoubtedly put in charge
will have made that leap instantly.
776
00:45:17,341 --> 00:45:19,718
- Who do you think they put in charge?
- Werner Heisenberg.
777
00:45:19,801 --> 00:45:24,056
He has the most intuitive understanding
of atomic structure I have ever seen.
778
00:45:24,139 --> 00:45:25,641
- You know his work?
- I know him.
779
00:45:25,724 --> 00:45:28,393
Just like I know Walther Bothe,
Von Weizsacker, Diebner.
780
00:45:28,477 --> 00:45:30,229
In a straight race, the Germans win.
781
00:45:30,312 --> 00:45:31,396
We've got one hope.
782
00:45:31,480 --> 00:45:32,689
Which is?
783
00:45:33,732 --> 00:45:35,067
Anti-Semitism.
784
00:45:36,526 --> 00:45:37,527
What?
785
00:45:37,611 --> 00:45:40,364
Hitler called quantum physics
"Jewish science. "
786
00:45:40,447 --> 00:45:41,782
Said it right to Einstein's face.
787
00:45:41,865 --> 00:45:45,661
Our one hope is that Hitler
is so, so blinded by hate
788
00:45:45,744 --> 00:45:47,412
that he's denied Heisenberg
proper resources,
789
00:45:47,496 --> 00:45:49,331
because it'll take vast resources.
790
00:45:49,414 --> 00:45:50,958
Our nation's best scientists,
working together.
791
00:45:51,041 --> 00:45:52,209
Right now, they're scattered.
792
00:45:52,292 --> 00:45:54,086
Which gives us compartmentalization.
793
00:45:54,169 --> 00:45:57,089
All minds have to see the whole task
to contribute efficiently.
794
00:45:57,172 --> 00:45:59,341
Poor security may cost us the race.
795
00:45:59,424 --> 00:46:00,717
Inefficiency will.
796
00:46:01,510 --> 00:46:03,220
The Germans know more than us anyway.
797
00:46:03,303 --> 00:46:04,763
The Russians don't.
798
00:46:06,348 --> 00:46:09,393
Remind me, who are we at war with?
799
00:46:09,476 --> 00:46:12,729
Somebody with your past
doesn't wanna be seen downplaying
800
00:46:12,813 --> 00:46:16,191
the importance of security
from our communist allies.
801
00:46:17,109 --> 00:46:19,027
Point taken. But, no.
802
00:46:19,611 --> 00:46:21,196
You don't get to say "no" to me.
803
00:46:21,280 --> 00:46:23,448
It's my job to say
"no" to you when you're wrong.
804
00:46:24,032 --> 00:46:25,492
So you have the job now?
805
00:46:25,575 --> 00:46:27,577
Uh, I'm considering it.
806
00:46:30,372 --> 00:46:32,874
I'm starting to see
where you got your reputation.
807
00:46:34,084 --> 00:46:35,627
My favorite response?
808
00:46:36,378 --> 00:46:38,714
"Oppenheimer couldn't run
a hamburger stand. "
809
00:46:39,298 --> 00:46:41,591
I couldn't.
810
00:46:43,719 --> 00:46:45,637
But I can run the Manhattan Project.
811
00:46:47,180 --> 00:46:49,016
There's a way to balance these things.
812
00:46:49,683 --> 00:46:53,103
Keep the Rad Lab here at Berkeley
under Lawrence.
813
00:46:53,186 --> 00:46:55,272
Met Lab in Chicago under Szilard.
814
00:46:55,355 --> 00:46:57,733
Large scale refining,
where did you say? Tennessee.
815
00:46:57,816 --> 00:46:59,401
- And Hanford.
- And Hanford.
816
00:46:59,484 --> 00:47:02,904
All America's industrial might
and scientific innovation,
817
00:47:02,988 --> 00:47:05,073
connected by rail.
818
00:47:05,157 --> 00:47:06,658
Focused on one goal.
819
00:47:06,742 --> 00:47:08,243
One point in space and time.
820
00:47:08,327 --> 00:47:09,453
And it comes together here.
821
00:47:09,536 --> 00:47:10,954
A secret laboratory.
822
00:47:11,038 --> 00:47:13,206
In the middle of nowhere,
secure, self-sufficient,
823
00:47:13,290 --> 00:47:14,875
equipment, housing, the works.
824
00:47:14,958 --> 00:47:16,543
Keep everyone there until it's done.
825
00:47:17,294 --> 00:47:19,963
- I๏ฟฝll need the schools, stores, a church.
- Why?
826
00:47:20,047 --> 00:47:23,175
If we don't let scientists bring
their families, we'll never get the best.
827
00:47:23,258 --> 00:47:26,011
You want security,
build a town, build it fast.
828
00:47:26,094 --> 00:47:27,471
Where?
829
00:47:31,266 --> 00:47:32,768
Welcome to Los Alamos.
830
00:47:32,851 --> 00:47:35,520
Now, there's a boys' school
we'll have to commandeer
831
00:47:35,604 --> 00:47:37,314
and the local Indians
come up here for burial rites.
832
00:47:37,397 --> 00:47:39,191
But, apart from that, nothing.
833
00:47:39,274 --> 00:47:40,692
Forty miles. Any direction.
834
00:47:40,776 --> 00:47:42,652
Enough to find the perfect spot.
835
00:47:42,736 --> 00:47:44,863
- What for?
- Success.
836
00:47:50,535 --> 00:47:52,287
Build him a town. Fast.
837
00:47:54,414 --> 00:47:56,208
Let's go recruit some scientists.
838
00:47:56,792 --> 00:47:59,920
- Why would I leave my family?
- I told you, you can bring your family.
839
00:48:00,003 --> 00:48:01,380
I'm not a soldier, Oppie.
840
00:48:01,463 --> 00:48:03,590
A soldier? He's a general.
841
00:48:03,673 --> 00:48:05,342
I've got all the soldier I need.
842
00:48:05,425 --> 00:48:07,386
What can I tell them?
843
00:48:07,469 --> 00:48:09,388
Heisenberg, Diebner, Bothe, Bohr.
844
00:48:09,471 --> 00:48:10,847
What do these men have in common?
845
00:48:10,931 --> 00:48:12,641
The greatest minds on atomic theory.
846
00:48:12,724 --> 00:48:14,226
- Yes, and?
- Uh...
847
00:48:14,810 --> 00:48:16,061
As much as you like...
848
00:48:17,479 --> 00:48:19,189
until you feel my boot on your balls.
849
00:48:20,232 --> 00:48:21,441
You know isotopes
850
00:48:21,525 --> 00:48:23,860
and you know explosives,
better than anyone in the world.
851
00:48:23,944 --> 00:48:25,529
But you can't tell us what you're doing.
852
00:48:29,408 --> 00:48:31,743
- I don't know.
- The Nazis have them.
853
00:48:31,827 --> 00:48:33,954
- Niels Bohr's in Copenhagen.
- Under Nazi occupation.
854
00:48:34,037 --> 00:48:35,872
Did they stop printing newspapers
in Princeton?
855
00:48:35,956 --> 00:48:39,709
Why would we go to the middle of nowhere
for who knows how long?
856
00:48:39,793 --> 00:48:41,545
A year or two. Or three.
857
00:48:42,921 --> 00:48:45,882
General, could you give us a moment?
858
00:48:47,384 --> 00:48:50,011
It's about unleashing the strong force
859
00:48:51,555 --> 00:48:53,014
before the Nazis do.
860
00:48:53,849 --> 00:48:54,975
Oh, my God.
861
00:48:55,058 --> 00:48:57,352
- Niels won't work for the Nazis.
- No, never.
862
00:48:57,436 --> 00:48:59,688
But while they have him, we don't.
863
00:48:59,771 --> 00:49:00,939
That's why I need you.
864
00:49:01,022 --> 00:49:02,941
Why would you think I'd do that?
865
00:49:03,024 --> 00:49:04,943
Why? Why?
866
00:49:05,026 --> 00:49:07,154
How about because this is
the most important fucking thing
867
00:49:07,237 --> 00:49:09,281
to ever happen in the history
of the world.
868
00:49:09,364 --> 00:49:11,825
How about that? Fuck.
869
00:49:17,122 --> 00:49:19,291
They are not gonna let me
onto this project.
870
00:49:20,041 --> 00:49:23,795
And failing a security check is not gonna
be good for a career, even after the war.
871
00:49:23,879 --> 00:49:25,505
So you're a fellow traveler.
872
00:49:25,589 --> 00:49:28,133
So what? This is a national emergency.
873
00:49:28,216 --> 00:49:31,261
I've got some skeletons,
they put me in charge.
874
00:49:31,344 --> 00:49:32,345
They need us.
875
00:49:32,429 --> 00:49:33,889
Until they don't.
876
00:49:38,018 --> 00:49:40,187
Is there any chance
of getting Bohr out of Denmark?
877
00:49:40,270 --> 00:49:41,396
Nah, no dice.
878
00:49:41,480 --> 00:49:43,648
I checked with the British.
879
00:49:43,732 --> 00:49:45,734
Until we get Allied boots
back onto the continent,
880
00:49:45,817 --> 00:49:46,776
there's just no way.
881
00:49:48,653 --> 00:49:49,779
Is he that important?
882
00:49:49,863 --> 00:49:52,908
How many people do you know
who've proved Einstein wrong?
883
00:49:54,284 --> 00:49:56,203
You know, it really would be quicker
to take a plane.
884
00:49:56,286 --> 00:49:57,829
No, plane's too risky.
885
00:49:57,913 --> 00:49:59,289
Country needs us.
886
00:50:02,876 --> 00:50:06,129
The Harvard guys, they say the building's
too small for the cyclotron.
887
00:50:08,840 --> 00:50:10,425
Get them together with the architects.
888
00:50:13,970 --> 00:50:15,722
When's this place supposed to open?
889
00:50:18,725 --> 00:50:19,893
Two months.
890
00:50:21,061 --> 00:50:24,356
Robert, you're the great improviser,
but this...
891
00:50:25,440 --> 00:50:26,733
you can't do in your head.
892
00:50:28,276 --> 00:50:29,569
Four divisions.
893
00:50:30,570 --> 00:50:34,157
Experimental, Theoretical,
Metallurgical, Ordnance.
894
00:50:34,241 --> 00:50:35,325
Who's running Theoretical?
895
00:50:35,408 --> 00:50:36,618
I am.
896
00:50:36,701 --> 00:50:39,538
That's what I was afraid of.
You're spread too thin.
897
00:50:40,914 --> 00:50:42,374
So you take Theoretical.
898
00:50:45,293 --> 00:50:47,879
I'm not coming here, Robert.
899
00:50:54,052 --> 00:50:55,053
Why not?
900
00:51:01,893 --> 00:51:05,564
You drop a bomb
and it falls on the just, and the unjust.
901
00:51:06,940 --> 00:51:09,526
I don't wish the culmination
of three centuries of physics
902
00:51:09,609 --> 00:51:11,528
to be a weapon of mass destruction.
903
00:51:21,371 --> 00:51:22,497
Izzy.
904
00:51:23,415 --> 00:51:27,669
I don't know if we can be trusted
with such a weapon.
905
00:51:29,254 --> 00:51:32,215
But I know the Nazis can't.
906
00:51:36,386 --> 00:51:37,554
We have no choice.
907
00:51:40,432 --> 00:51:41,433
Then.
908
00:51:43,226 --> 00:51:45,895
The second thing you'll have to do
is appoint Hans Bethe
909
00:51:45,979 --> 00:51:47,689
to run the theoretical division.
910
00:51:49,983 --> 00:51:51,901
Wait, what was the first?
911
00:51:51,985 --> 00:51:55,488
Take off that ridiculous uniform.
You're a scientist.
912
00:51:55,572 --> 00:51:57,574
Groves is insisting we join.
913
00:51:57,657 --> 00:51:59,659
Tell Groves to go shit in his hat.
914
00:51:59,743 --> 00:52:01,786
They need us for who we are.
915
00:52:01,870 --> 00:52:04,372
So be yourself. Only better.
916
00:52:44,704 --> 00:52:46,247
This is the only key.
917
00:52:46,331 --> 00:52:49,501
And Teller's already here.
Shall I just show him in?
918
00:52:49,584 --> 00:52:52,629
No, let's wait for the others.
919
00:52:59,260 --> 00:53:00,261
Let's get started.
920
00:53:01,054 --> 00:53:02,389
Hello, Edward.
921
00:53:02,472 --> 00:53:03,515
Yes.
922
00:53:03,598 --> 00:53:05,934
Gentlemen, so, we will work here
923
00:53:06,017 --> 00:53:08,812
until the T-section at Los Alamos
is finished.
924
00:53:08,895 --> 00:53:09,896
Edward, can I please-
925
00:53:09,979 --> 00:53:11,189
It is more important.
926
00:53:13,316 --> 00:53:17,362
When I calculated the chain reaction,
I found a rather troubling possibility.
927
00:53:18,488 --> 00:53:21,032
No. This can't be right.
928
00:53:21,908 --> 00:53:23,368
Show me how you did your calculations.
929
00:53:23,451 --> 00:53:24,452
Yes.
930
00:53:28,331 --> 00:53:31,543
- It's exponential.
- No. No, no, no. No.
931
00:53:34,963 --> 00:53:36,506
This is fantasy.
932
00:53:36,589 --> 00:53:38,633
Teller's calculations can't be right.
933
00:53:39,259 --> 00:53:41,469
Do them yourself while I go to Princeton.
934
00:53:41,553 --> 00:53:43,555
- What for?
- To talk to Einstein.
935
00:53:43,638 --> 00:53:45,932
There's not much common ground
between you two.
936
00:53:46,015 --> 00:53:47,434
That's why I should get his view.
937
00:53:52,480 --> 00:53:54,441
- Albert.
- Mmm?
938
00:53:54,524 --> 00:53:57,360
Ah, Dr. Oppenheimer.
939
00:53:57,444 --> 00:54:00,530
Well, have you met Dr. Godel?
We walk here most days.
940
00:54:00,613 --> 00:54:04,617
Trees are the most inspiring structures.
941
00:54:05,285 --> 00:54:06,745
Albert, might I have a word?
942
00:54:07,620 --> 00:54:09,539
Of course. Excuse me, Kurt.
943
00:54:11,374 --> 00:54:14,210
You know, some days,
Kurt refuses to eat.
944
00:54:14,294 --> 00:54:15,420
Even in Princeton.
945
00:54:15,503 --> 00:54:18,840
He's convinced that the Nazis
can poison his food.
946
00:54:20,216 --> 00:54:21,384
Hmm?
947
00:54:24,679 --> 00:54:25,722
Wha-
948
00:54:30,351 --> 00:54:33,062
Whose- Whose work is this?
949
00:54:33,146 --> 00:54:34,314
Teller's.
950
00:54:35,398 --> 00:54:37,108
What do you take it to mean?
951
00:54:37,901 --> 00:54:39,611
Neutrons smash into nucleus,
952
00:54:39,694 --> 00:54:43,031
releasing neutrons
to smash into other nuclei.
953
00:54:43,948 --> 00:54:47,202
Criticality, a point of no return,
massive explosive force.
954
00:54:47,744 --> 00:54:49,913
But this time,
the chain reaction doesn't stop.
955
00:54:51,080 --> 00:54:53,208
It would ignite the atmosphere.
956
00:54:55,168 --> 00:54:56,961
When we detonate an atomic device,
957
00:54:57,045 --> 00:54:59,130
we might start a chain reaction that...
958
00:55:00,548 --> 00:55:01,883
destroys the world.
959
00:55:02,926 --> 00:55:04,594
So here we are, hmm?
960
00:55:04,677 --> 00:55:09,015
Lost in your quantum world
of probabilities
961
00:55:09,098 --> 00:55:10,433
and needing certainty.
962
00:55:11,476 --> 00:55:13,686
Can you run the calculations yourself?
963
00:55:14,354 --> 00:55:18,650
About the only thing you and I have
in common is a disdain for mathematics.
964
00:55:18,733 --> 00:55:21,903
- Who's working on this in Berkeley?
- Hans Bethe.
965
00:55:21,986 --> 00:55:24,239
Well, he'll get to the truth.
966
00:55:26,074 --> 00:55:28,159
And if the truth is catastrophic?
967
00:55:28,868 --> 00:55:30,078
Then you stop.
968
00:55:30,161 --> 00:55:33,122
And you share your findings
with the Nazis.
969
00:55:33,998 --> 00:55:36,417
So neither side destroys the world.
970
00:55:40,255 --> 00:55:41,256
Robert.
971
00:55:42,757 --> 00:55:44,884
This is yours, not mine.
972
00:55:58,898 --> 00:56:00,275
Teller's wrong.
973
00:56:00,358 --> 00:56:02,193
- He's wrong.
- Shh, shh, shh...
974
00:56:11,411 --> 00:56:13,830
When you know Teller's
critical assumptions,
975
00:56:13,913 --> 00:56:15,206
the real picture emerges.
976
00:56:15,290 --> 00:56:16,374
Bottom line?
977
00:56:17,208 --> 00:56:20,211
The chances of an uncontrolled
nuclear reaction are near zero.
978
00:56:20,295 --> 00:56:21,588
Near zero.
979
00:56:23,047 --> 00:56:24,465
Oppie, this is good news.
980
00:56:24,549 --> 00:56:25,592
Mmm.
981
00:56:26,759 --> 00:56:29,637
- Can you run them again?
- No, you'll get the same answer.
982
00:56:29,721 --> 00:56:31,306
Till they actually detonate
one of these things,
983
00:56:31,389 --> 00:56:33,850
the best assurance
you're going to get is this.
984
00:56:33,933 --> 00:56:34,934
Near zero.
985
00:56:37,562 --> 00:56:40,315
- Theory will take you only so far.
- Mmm.
986
00:56:41,065 --> 00:56:43,735
- Hello!
- Hello, you. We missed him.
987
00:56:44,277 --> 00:56:46,529
- You want to adopt?
- She's kidding.
988
00:56:46,613 --> 00:56:48,239
We wanted to see you before we left.
989
00:56:48,990 --> 00:56:51,200
For parts unknown.
990
00:56:52,702 --> 00:56:55,663
You know who I ran into
the other day? Eltenton.
991
00:56:56,331 --> 00:56:57,582
Huh.
992
00:56:57,665 --> 00:57:00,001
The chemist from Shell? The union guy?
993
00:57:00,084 --> 00:57:02,629
Yeah. The FAECT guy.
994
00:57:04,047 --> 00:57:06,257
He was moaning
about how we're handling the war.
995
00:57:07,383 --> 00:57:08,801
How so?
996
00:57:08,885 --> 00:57:11,763
Lack of cooperation with our allies.
997
00:57:11,846 --> 00:57:15,975
Apparently our government's not sharing
any research with the Russians.
998
00:57:16,059 --> 00:57:19,854
Well, he said, "Most scientists
think the policy is stupid. "
999
00:57:23,399 --> 00:57:25,151
- Oh, yeah?
- Yeah.
1000
00:57:25,735 --> 00:57:29,822
He mentioned that if anyone
had anything they wanted to pass on,
1001
00:57:30,698 --> 00:57:34,243
going around official channels,
that he could help.
1002
00:57:42,961 --> 00:57:44,212
That would be treason.
1003
00:57:45,380 --> 00:57:46,798
Yes, of course.
1004
00:57:47,548 --> 00:57:49,175
I just thought you should know.
1005
00:57:51,803 --> 00:57:55,181
The brat is down.
Where are the martinis?
1006
00:58:00,561 --> 00:58:02,063
Coming right up.
1007
00:58:02,146 --> 00:58:03,606
The conversation ended there.
1008
00:58:03,690 --> 00:58:06,943
Nothing in our long-standing friendship
would have led me to believe
1009
00:58:07,026 --> 00:58:09,988
that Chevalier
was actually seeking information,
1010
00:58:10,071 --> 00:58:14,575
and I am certain that he had no idea
of the work in which I was engaged.
1011
00:58:19,372 --> 00:58:20,999
It has long been clear to me
1012
00:58:21,082 --> 00:58:24,168
that I should have reported
this incident at once.
1013
00:58:24,252 --> 00:58:26,963
The Oppenheimer situation
highlights the tension
1014
00:58:27,046 --> 00:58:30,299
between scientists
and the security apparatus.
1015
00:58:30,383 --> 00:58:32,719
In hopes of learning how the nominee
handled such issues
1016
00:58:32,802 --> 00:58:34,846
during his time at the AEC,
1017
00:58:34,929 --> 00:58:37,682
we'll have a scientist
appearing before the committee.
1018
00:58:38,850 --> 00:58:41,352
- Who are they bringing in?
- They haven't said.
1019
00:58:41,436 --> 00:58:42,645
Mr. Chairman, if I may,
1020
00:58:42,729 --> 00:58:45,314
I'm nominated for commerce secretary.
1021
00:58:45,398 --> 00:58:47,608
Why seek the opinion of scientists?
1022
00:58:47,692 --> 00:58:49,902
This is a cabinet post, Admiral.
1023
00:58:49,986 --> 00:58:52,697
We seek a wide range of opinion.
1024
00:58:52,780 --> 00:58:55,033
Well, I'd like to know the name
of the scientist testifying,
1025
00:58:55,116 --> 00:58:56,534
I'd like the chance to cross-examine.
1026
00:58:57,118 --> 00:58:58,786
This is not a court.
1027
00:59:00,163 --> 00:59:01,164
Formality, huh?
1028
00:59:01,247 --> 00:59:04,959
No presidential Cabinet nominee
has failed to be confirmed since 1925.
1029
00:59:05,043 --> 00:59:07,211
This is just how the game is played.
1030
00:59:07,295 --> 00:59:09,672
It's in the bag, Lewis. So play nice.
1031
00:59:10,256 --> 00:59:11,966
They bring in a scientist', so what'?
1032
00:59:12,050 --> 00:59:13,926
You don't know scientists
like I do, Counselor.
1033
00:59:14,010 --> 00:59:16,179
They resent anyone
who questions their judgment,
1034
00:59:16,262 --> 00:59:18,222
especially if you're not one of them.
1035
00:59:18,306 --> 00:59:19,766
I was chair of the AEC.
1036
00:59:19,849 --> 00:59:21,934
I'm easy to blame
for what happened to Robert.
1037
00:59:22,018 --> 00:59:24,270
We can't have the Senate
thinking the scientific community
1038
00:59:24,353 --> 00:59:25,813
doesn't support you, sir.
1039
00:59:26,939 --> 00:59:28,900
- Or should we pivot?
- To what?
1040
00:59:28,983 --> 00:59:30,443
And embrace it.
1041
00:59:30,526 --> 00:59:33,154
"I thought Oppenheimer and the US won. "
1042
00:59:33,237 --> 00:59:34,822
I- I don't think we need to go there.
1043
00:59:34,906 --> 00:59:36,991
Isn't there someone we can call
who knows what really happened?
1044
00:59:37,075 --> 00:59:38,659
- Teller.
- He'll make an impression.
1045
00:59:38,743 --> 00:59:40,578
Can you get the name of the scientist
they've called?
1046
00:59:40,661 --> 00:59:41,537
Probably.
1047
00:59:41,621 --> 00:59:44,665
Find out if he was based in Chicago
or Los Alamos during the war.
1048
00:59:44,749 --> 00:59:45,958
Why does that matter?
1049
00:59:46,042 --> 00:59:48,753
If he was based in Chicago,
he worked under Szilard and Fermi,
1050
00:59:48,836 --> 00:59:50,880
not the cult of Oppie at Los Alamos.
1051
00:59:50,963 --> 00:59:52,423
Robert built that damn place.
1052
00:59:52,507 --> 00:59:56,511
He was founder, mayor, sheriff,
all rolled into one.
1053
01:00:08,940 --> 01:00:10,858
All it needs is a saloon.
1054
01:00:38,427 --> 01:00:39,679
Let's go and see.
1055
01:00:40,596 --> 01:00:41,806
There's no kitchen.
1056
01:00:43,057 --> 01:00:45,309
Really? We'll fix that.
1057
01:00:52,316 --> 01:00:56,237
Barbed wire? Guns? Oppie.
1058
01:00:56,737 --> 01:00:58,322
We're at war, Hans.
1059
01:01:00,825 --> 01:01:03,494
Halifax, 1917.
1060
01:01:03,578 --> 01:01:06,164
A cargo ship carrying munitions
explodes in the harbor.
1061
01:01:08,833 --> 01:01:11,627
A vast and sudden chemical reaction.
1062
01:01:15,423 --> 01:01:18,134
The biggest man-made explosion in history.
1063
01:01:18,801 --> 01:01:21,554
Now let's calculate how much more
destructive it would have been
1064
01:01:21,637 --> 01:01:25,224
if it were a nuclear,
and not a chemical, reaction.
1065
01:01:25,308 --> 01:01:28,269
Expressing power in terms of tons of TNT.
1066
01:01:28,352 --> 01:01:29,770
But it will be thousands.
1067
01:01:30,354 --> 01:01:32,940
Well, then... kilotons.
1068
01:01:36,903 --> 01:01:41,324
- Using U-235, the bomb will need-
- Ah...
1069
01:01:42,450 --> 01:01:43,451
Right, sorry.
1070
01:01:43,534 --> 01:01:47,413
Gadget will need a 33-pound sphere
about this size.
1071
01:01:47,496 --> 01:01:51,125
Or using plutonium,
the ten-pound sphere.
1072
01:01:52,668 --> 01:01:56,672
Here's the amount of uranium Oak Ridge
refined all of last month.
1073
01:02:00,718 --> 01:02:03,387
And the Hanford plant
made this much plutonium.
1074
01:02:05,723 --> 01:02:09,435
Now, if we can enrich these amounts,
we need a way to detonate them.
1075
01:02:10,770 --> 01:02:12,146
Are we boring you, Edward?
1076
01:02:12,980 --> 01:02:14,357
A little bit, yes.
1077
01:02:14,440 --> 01:02:15,775
May I ask why?
1078
01:02:15,858 --> 01:02:19,153
We all entered this room
knowing a fission bomb was possible.
1079
01:02:19,904 --> 01:02:22,865
- How about we leave it with something new?
- Such as?
1080
01:02:22,949 --> 01:02:26,661
Instead of uranium or plutonium,
we use hydrogen.
1081
01:02:27,954 --> 01:02:29,413
Heavy hydrogen.
1082
01:02:29,997 --> 01:02:31,082
Deuterium.
1083
01:02:31,582 --> 01:02:32,625
You see?
1084
01:02:32,708 --> 01:02:35,378
We compact the atoms together
under great pressure
1085
01:02:35,461 --> 01:02:37,380
to induce a fusion reaction.
1086
01:02:38,464 --> 01:02:41,092
Then we'll get not kilotons,
1087
01:02:41,175 --> 01:02:42,260
but megatons.
1088
01:02:43,344 --> 01:02:45,179
Okay, hang on, hang on.
1089
01:02:45,263 --> 01:02:49,141
So how do you generate enough force
to fuse hydrogen atoms?
1090
01:02:50,268 --> 01:02:51,727
A small fission bomb.
1091
01:02:52,478 --> 01:02:53,604
- Ah...
- There we are!
1092
01:02:55,564 --> 01:02:57,149
Well, since we're going
to need one anyway,
1093
01:02:57,233 --> 01:02:59,193
can we get back to the business at hand?
1094
01:02:59,277 --> 01:03:00,444
The isotopes issue
1095
01:03:00,528 --> 01:03:05,533
wasn't your most important policy
disagreement with Dr. Oppenheimer,
1096
01:03:05,616 --> 01:03:08,160
it was the hydrogen bomb, wasn't it?
1097
01:03:08,244 --> 01:03:13,374
As colleagues, we agreed to disagree
on a great many things, uh,
1098
01:03:13,457 --> 01:03:17,253
and, well, one of them was the need
for an H-bomb program, yes.
1099
01:03:30,683 --> 01:03:33,269
Thanks for convening on short notice.
1100
01:03:33,352 --> 01:03:34,770
I can't believe it.
1101
01:03:36,022 --> 01:03:37,315
Here we are.
1102
01:03:37,398 --> 01:03:39,358
Catch me up. What do we know?
1103
01:03:39,442 --> 01:03:43,529
One of our B-29s over the North Pacific
has detected radiation.
1104
01:03:43,612 --> 01:03:45,197
Do we have the filter paper?
1105
01:03:45,281 --> 01:03:48,159
- There's no doubt what this is.
- White House says there's a doubt.
1106
01:03:48,242 --> 01:03:49,660
Wishful thinking, I'm afraid.
1107
01:03:49,744 --> 01:03:52,538
Are those the long-range detection
filter papers?
1108
01:03:53,497 --> 01:03:54,832
It's an atomic test.
1109
01:03:58,502 --> 01:04:00,212
The Russians have a bomb.
1110
01:04:00,296 --> 01:04:03,632
We're supposed to be years ahead of them,
but some-
1111
01:04:03,716 --> 01:04:07,136
What were you guys doing at Los Alamos?
Wasn't security tight?
1112
01:04:07,219 --> 01:04:09,889
- Of course it was. You weren't there.
- Forgive me, Doctor...
1113
01:04:11,932 --> 01:04:13,184
but I was there.
1114
01:04:14,143 --> 01:04:17,772
We can now consider
the actual mechanics of detonation.
1115
01:04:17,855 --> 01:04:19,148
Any ideas?
1116
01:04:19,231 --> 01:04:20,566
I call this "shooting. "
1117
01:04:20,649 --> 01:04:24,278
We fire a chunk of fissionable material
into a larger sphere
1118
01:04:24,362 --> 01:04:26,906
with enough force to achieve criticality.
1119
01:04:26,989 --> 01:04:28,699
What do we think? Anyone?
1120
01:04:28,783 --> 01:04:30,451
I've been thinking about implosion.
1121
01:04:30,534 --> 01:04:33,537
Explosives around the sphere
blast inwards, crushing the material.
1122
01:04:34,622 --> 01:04:36,457
I'd like to investigate that idea.
1123
01:04:36,540 --> 01:04:38,709
I'll talk to Ordnance,
get you blowing things up.
1124
01:04:39,960 --> 01:04:41,921
- Progress?
- Nice to see you too.
1125
01:04:42,838 --> 01:04:44,673
Meet the British contingent.
1126
01:04:44,757 --> 01:04:46,425
Dr. Oppenheimer, Klaus Fuchs.
1127
01:04:46,509 --> 01:04:48,302
How long have you been British?
1128
01:04:48,386 --> 01:04:50,554
- Since Hitler told me I wasn't German.
- Aha.
1129
01:04:51,263 --> 01:04:52,932
Come, welcome to Los Alamos.
1130
01:04:53,474 --> 01:04:55,226
School's up and running.
1131
01:04:55,309 --> 01:04:57,311
Bar... always running.
1132
01:04:58,396 --> 01:05:00,523
And I thought of a way
to reduce support staff.
1133
01:05:01,982 --> 01:05:03,776
- Is that-
- Mrs. Serber, yes.
1134
01:05:03,859 --> 01:05:07,321
I've offered jobs to all the wives.
Admin, librarians, computation.
1135
01:05:07,405 --> 01:05:09,532
We cut down on staff,
keep families together.
1136
01:05:09,615 --> 01:05:10,783
Are these women qualified?
1137
01:05:10,866 --> 01:05:13,953
Don't be absurd. These are some
of the brightest minds in our community.
1138
01:05:14,036 --> 01:05:15,746
And they're already security cleared.
1139
01:05:15,830 --> 01:05:16,831
I've informed General Groves
1140
01:05:16,914 --> 01:05:19,375
you've been holding cross-divisional,
open discussions on a nightly basis.
1141
01:05:19,458 --> 01:05:20,709
Shut them down.
1142
01:05:20,793 --> 01:05:23,379
Compartmentalization is the key
to maintaining security-
1143
01:05:23,462 --> 01:05:24,380
It's only the top men.
1144
01:05:24,463 --> 01:05:26,424
Who presumably communicate
with subordinates.
1145
01:05:26,507 --> 01:05:28,384
These men aren't stupid.
They can be discreet.
1146
01:05:28,467 --> 01:05:29,427
I don't like it.
1147
01:05:29,510 --> 01:05:32,179
You don't like anything enough
for that to be a fair test.
1148
01:05:38,102 --> 01:05:40,604
Once a week. Top men only.
1149
01:05:40,688 --> 01:05:43,107
- I๏ฟฝd like to bring my brother here.
- No.
1150
01:05:44,692 --> 01:05:45,776
Nichols...
1151
01:05:47,278 --> 01:05:49,947
I still haven't heard that
my security clearance has been approved.
1152
01:05:50,030 --> 01:05:51,949
- It hasn't.
- We're going to Chicago tomorrow.
1153
01:05:52,032 --> 01:05:53,701
Well, you should wait.
1154
01:05:53,784 --> 01:05:56,328
You are aware that the Nazis
have a two-year head start?
1155
01:05:56,412 --> 01:05:58,247
Dr. Oppenheimer,
the fact that your security clearance
1156
01:05:58,330 --> 01:06:00,374
is proving difficult to obtain
is not my fault.
1157
01:06:00,458 --> 01:06:01,792
It's yours.
1158
01:06:01,876 --> 01:06:03,544
May not be your fault,
but it's your problem.
1159
01:06:03,627 --> 01:06:05,087
Because I'm going.
1160
01:06:05,171 --> 01:06:07,298
And how many people were in these, uh,
1161
01:06:08,090 --> 01:06:09,884
open discussions?
1162
01:06:09,967 --> 01:06:12,303
Too many. Compartmentalization
was supposed to be the protocol.
1163
01:06:12,386 --> 01:06:14,180
We were in a race against the Nazis.
1164
01:06:14,263 --> 01:06:17,475
- And now the race is against the Soviets.
- Not unless we start it.
1165
01:06:17,558 --> 01:06:21,604
Robert, they just fired a starting gun.
1166
01:06:21,687 --> 01:06:23,898
What's the nature of the device
they detonated?
1167
01:06:23,981 --> 01:06:27,485
The data indicates it may have been
a plutonium implosion device.
1168
01:06:27,568 --> 01:06:30,696
Like the one you built at Los Alamos.
1169
01:06:30,779 --> 01:06:33,699
The Russians have a bomb,
Truman needs to know what's next.
1170
01:06:33,782 --> 01:06:35,659
What's next? Arms talks.
1171
01:06:35,743 --> 01:06:37,203
- Arms talks.
- Obviously.
1172
01:06:38,412 --> 01:06:39,663
What about the Super?
1173
01:06:39,747 --> 01:06:43,375
Does Truman even know about it?
Did we brief him on that?
1174
01:06:43,459 --> 01:06:44,543
Not specifically.
1175
01:06:44,627 --> 01:06:47,588
We still don't know if a hydrogen bomb's
technically feasible.
1176
01:06:47,671 --> 01:06:49,757
My understanding
is that Teller proposed it?
1177
01:06:49,840 --> 01:06:51,425
- Yes.
- At Los Alamos?
1178
01:06:51,509 --> 01:06:53,469
Teller's designs have
always been wildly impractical.
1179
01:06:53,552 --> 01:06:55,554
You'd have to deliver by ox cart.
1180
01:06:55,638 --> 01:06:57,556
- Not airplane.
- Oppie.
1181
01:06:57,640 --> 01:06:59,892
I'm sorry, Dr. Lawrence.
Do you want to comment?
1182
01:07:01,685 --> 01:07:02,770
No.
1183
01:07:04,438 --> 01:07:07,024
Because if it can put us ahead again,
1184
01:07:07,107 --> 01:07:12,196
the President of the United States
needs to know about it.
1185
01:07:13,781 --> 01:07:18,661
And if the Russians know about it already
from a spy at Los Alamos,
1186
01:07:18,744 --> 01:07:19,745
then we've gotta get going.
1187
01:07:19,828 --> 01:07:22,748
There's no proof
there was a spy at Los Alamos.
1188
01:07:22,831 --> 01:07:23,832
Robert.
1189
01:07:28,462 --> 01:07:30,548
They put it under the football stadium?
1190
01:07:30,631 --> 01:07:32,508
The field's not in use anymore.
1191
01:07:32,591 --> 01:07:33,842
Just as well.
1192
01:07:36,637 --> 01:07:38,514
- Oppie.
- Dr. Fermi.
1193
01:07:38,597 --> 01:07:40,683
Come stai? Va bane?
1194
01:07:41,392 --> 01:07:44,353
- I hear you got a little town.
- Yes. Come and see.
1195
01:07:45,521 --> 01:07:48,774
Who could think straight
in a place like that? Huh?
1196
01:07:49,692 --> 01:07:51,652
Everybody will go crazy.
1197
01:07:52,486 --> 01:07:54,780
Thank you for the vote of confidence,
Szilard.
1198
01:07:56,156 --> 01:07:58,701
Do we really-
Do we really need that in the notes?
1199
01:07:59,451 --> 01:08:01,453
When are you going to try it out?
1200
01:08:01,537 --> 01:08:03,205
We did.
1201
01:08:03,289 --> 01:08:06,542
The first self-sustaining
nuclear chain reaction.
1202
01:08:07,334 --> 01:08:08,711
Didn't Groves tell you?
1203
01:08:08,794 --> 01:08:10,462
No.
1204
01:08:15,259 --> 01:08:17,678
One at a time, please.
One at a time.
1205
01:08:18,220 --> 01:08:19,471
Dr. Oppenheimer?
1206
01:08:20,222 --> 01:08:23,225
I tried Personnel.
They asked if I could type.
1207
01:08:23,309 --> 01:08:24,476
Can you?
1208
01:08:24,560 --> 01:08:27,187
Harvard forgot to teach that
on the graduate chemistry course.
1209
01:08:29,189 --> 01:08:31,734
Condon, put Mrs. Hornig here
on the plutonium team.
1210
01:08:37,114 --> 01:08:39,408
What the hell were you doing in Chicago?
1211
01:08:39,491 --> 01:08:40,701
Visiting the Met?
1212
01:08:40,784 --> 01:08:41,827
Why?
1213
01:08:41,910 --> 01:08:43,954
- Why?
- Because we have every right-
1214
01:08:44,038 --> 01:08:47,708
You have just the rights that I give you.
No more, no less.
1215
01:08:48,292 --> 01:08:50,210
We are adults
trying to run a project here.
1216
01:08:50,294 --> 01:08:51,837
This is ridiculous.
1217
01:08:51,920 --> 01:08:52,921
Tell him.
1218
01:08:54,506 --> 01:08:57,301
Compartmentalization
is the protocol we agreed to.
1219
01:08:58,552 --> 01:08:59,762
Enough of this madhouse.
1220
01:08:59,845 --> 01:09:01,764
Nobody can work under these conditions.
1221
01:09:01,847 --> 01:09:04,725
You know what, Generalissimo?
1222
01:09:04,808 --> 01:09:06,185
I quit.
1223
01:09:06,268 --> 01:09:07,478
Thanks for nothing.
1224
01:09:09,730 --> 01:09:11,273
Better off without him.
1225
01:09:12,483 --> 01:09:15,527
Aren't you more concerned
about his discretion out there?
1226
01:09:16,654 --> 01:09:18,113
We'll have him killed.
1227
01:09:19,990 --> 01:09:21,408
I was just kidding.
1228
01:09:21,992 --> 01:09:23,786
No, he hates me, not America.
1229
01:09:24,411 --> 01:09:27,331
You know, General,
not everyone has levers to pull like mine.
1230
01:09:27,414 --> 01:09:28,749
I don't think I understand.
1231
01:09:29,375 --> 01:09:31,418
You didn't hire me
despite my left-wing past,
1232
01:09:31,502 --> 01:09:33,087
you hired me because of it.
1233
01:09:34,046 --> 01:09:36,006
So you could control me.
1234
01:09:36,090 --> 01:09:38,676
Well, I'm not that subtle.
1235
01:09:38,759 --> 01:09:40,260
I'm just a humble soldier.
1236
01:09:40,344 --> 01:09:42,346
You're neither humble, nor just a soldier.
1237
01:09:42,429 --> 01:09:45,182
- You studied engineering at MIT.
- Guilty as charged.
1238
01:09:45,265 --> 01:09:46,600
Well, now we understand each other,
1239
01:09:46,684 --> 01:09:48,268
perhaps you can get me
my security clearance
1240
01:09:48,352 --> 01:09:50,437
so I can perform this miracle for you.
1241
01:09:56,360 --> 01:09:58,696
General Groves,
were you aware of Dr. Oppenheimer
1242
01:09:58,779 --> 01:10:01,240
left-wing associations
when you appointed him?
1243
01:10:01,323 --> 01:10:03,409
I was aware
that there were suspicions about him.
1244
01:10:03,492 --> 01:10:06,578
I was aware he had
a very extreme, liberal background.
1245
01:10:06,662 --> 01:10:09,623
In your opinion, would he ever
consciously commit a disloyal act?
1246
01:10:09,707 --> 01:10:11,625
I would be amazed if he did.
1247
01:10:11,709 --> 01:10:14,503
So you had
complete confidence in his integrity?
1248
01:10:14,586 --> 01:10:17,172
At Los Alamos, yes,
which is where I really knew him.
1249
01:10:17,256 --> 01:10:19,925
General, did your security officers
on the project
1250
01:10:20,008 --> 01:10:22,261
advise you against the clearance
of Dr. Oppenheimer?
1251
01:10:22,344 --> 01:10:26,306
They could not and would not clear him
until I insisted.
1252
01:10:26,390 --> 01:10:28,058
And it's safe to say that you
had a pretty good knowledge
1253
01:10:28,142 --> 01:10:29,852
of Dr. Oppenheimer's security file.
1254
01:10:29,935 --> 01:10:31,019
I did.
1255
01:10:31,603 --> 01:10:34,189
There's only really one question
I need answered here today.
1256
01:10:34,273 --> 01:10:38,861
In light of the current AEC guidelines,
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1257
01:10:38,944 --> 01:10:40,738
Do you have the guidelines?
1258
01:10:48,203 --> 01:10:53,959
Under current AEC guidelines,
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1259
01:11:05,763 --> 01:11:07,431
Physics and New Mexico, huh?
1260
01:11:08,849 --> 01:11:09,850
My God.
1261
01:11:10,392 --> 01:11:11,894
What a trek.
1262
01:11:11,977 --> 01:11:13,312
That's why you need a liaison.
1263
01:11:13,395 --> 01:11:14,772
I'm appointing Lomanitz.
1264
01:11:15,939 --> 01:11:17,065
You're gonna be okay.
1265
01:11:17,149 --> 01:11:18,400
This way, gentlemen.
1266
01:11:28,452 --> 01:11:30,245
- Dr. Lawrence.
- Leslie.
1267
01:11:30,788 --> 01:11:32,790
I'd like to remind you what
we talked about in Berkeley.
1268
01:11:32,873 --> 01:11:34,750
Compartmentalization.
I understand completely.
1269
01:11:40,672 --> 01:11:41,673
Thank you.
1270
01:11:50,140 --> 01:11:51,475
Greetings from Berkeley.
1271
01:11:51,558 --> 01:11:54,895
I am here to update you on our progress
and solicit your input.
1272
01:11:54,978 --> 01:11:57,189
To do so,
I am going to have to share a few things
1273
01:11:57,272 --> 01:11:59,942
that General Groves told me not to.
1274
01:12:00,025 --> 01:12:02,861
Sorry, General, I said I understood,
not that I agreed.
1275
01:12:02,945 --> 01:12:04,446
Okay.
1276
01:12:04,530 --> 01:12:06,073
Gentlemen, to business.
1277
01:12:06,657 --> 01:12:09,201
There were rumors of espionage
at Los Alamos.
1278
01:12:09,284 --> 01:12:10,410
Unsubstantiated.
1279
01:12:10,494 --> 01:12:13,580
I'm told that there
were communists on the project.
1280
01:12:13,664 --> 01:12:15,916
We didn't knowingly employ
any communists.
1281
01:12:15,999 --> 01:12:18,335
Were any of them involved
in discussions of the Super?
1282
01:12:18,418 --> 01:12:21,004
I seem to remember you demanding
your brother come to Los Alamos.
1283
01:12:21,088 --> 01:12:22,756
My brother had left the Party by then.
1284
01:12:22,840 --> 01:12:23,841
What about Lomanitz?
1285
01:12:23,924 --> 01:12:26,885
Lomanitz was never employed at Los Alamos.
He was a liaison.
1286
01:12:26,969 --> 01:12:29,763
Our security was tight,
as former Colonel Nichols well knows.
1287
01:12:29,847 --> 01:12:32,558
Our security was as tight as it could be
given the personalities involved,
1288
01:12:32,641 --> 01:12:33,892
but attempts were made.
1289
01:12:33,976 --> 01:12:36,812
- What is that supposed to mean?
- We've all read his file here.
1290
01:12:37,646 --> 01:12:39,815
Do we need to talk about Jean Tatlock?
1291
01:12:40,732 --> 01:12:42,943
Or the Chevalier incident?
1292
01:12:47,364 --> 01:12:48,448
Excuse me.
1293
01:12:50,284 --> 01:12:53,245
That's Lomanitz, on line one.
1294
01:12:59,877 --> 01:13:00,961
Hello, Rossi.
1295
01:13:01,044 --> 01:13:04,047
What? Okay, just calm down.
1296
01:13:05,090 --> 01:13:06,383
There's been another screw-up.
1297
01:13:06,466 --> 01:13:08,135
Lomanitz just got drafted.
1298
01:13:08,218 --> 01:13:10,846
- We are at war, Doctor.
- Don't be an asshole, Nichols.
1299
01:13:10,929 --> 01:13:12,931
We need this kid. Fix it, Will you?
1300
01:13:13,015 --> 01:13:14,391
It wasn't a mistake.
1301
01:13:14,474 --> 01:13:17,269
Your friend Lomanitz has been trying
to unionize the Radiation Lab.
1302
01:13:17,352 --> 01:13:18,979
He promised to quit all that.
1303
01:13:19,062 --> 01:13:20,439
Well, he hasn't.
1304
01:13:21,231 --> 01:13:24,234
Security officer at Berkeley's
concerned about communist infiltration
1305
01:13:24,318 --> 01:13:26,153
through that union, the FA-
1306
01:13:26,236 --> 01:13:28,071
FAECT.
1307
01:13:30,532 --> 01:13:32,784
Well, I'm there next week, I'll...
1308
01:13:32,868 --> 01:13:34,202
drop in to see him.
1309
01:13:36,204 --> 01:13:37,831
Your clearance came through.
1310
01:13:41,752 --> 01:13:45,255
It's important you not maintain or renew
any questionable associations.
1311
01:13:50,093 --> 01:13:52,179
Doctor, did you think social contacts
1312
01:13:52,262 --> 01:13:56,350
between a person engaged on secret
war work and communists was dangerous?
1313
01:13:56,433 --> 01:13:59,436
My awareness of the danger
would be greater today.
1314
01:14:00,187 --> 01:14:03,023
I mean, it's fair to say
that during the war years,
1315
01:14:03,106 --> 01:14:06,318
you felt that such contacts
were potentially dangerous?
1316
01:14:12,741 --> 01:14:15,077
Were conceivably dangerous, yes.
1317
01:14:15,869 --> 01:14:19,289
/ mean, really? Known communists?
1318
01:14:22,250 --> 01:14:23,251
Look...
1319
01:14:24,419 --> 01:14:28,590
I've had a lot of secrets in my head
for a long time.
1320
01:14:29,800 --> 01:14:34,012
Doesn't matter who I associate with.
I don't talk about those secrets.
1321
01:14:41,645 --> 01:14:43,271
You said in your statement
1322
01:14:44,356 --> 01:14:45,482
that you had
1323
01:14:46,608 --> 01:14:48,902
to see Jean Tatlock in 1943.
1324
01:14:50,696 --> 01:14:52,072
You left.
1325
01:14:53,448 --> 01:14:54,700
Not a word.
1326
01:14:55,367 --> 01:14:57,369
What did you think that would do to me?
1327
01:14:58,662 --> 01:14:59,663
I wrote.
1328
01:14:59,746 --> 01:15:01,748
Pages of nothing.
1329
01:15:04,251 --> 01:15:06,003
Where did you go?
1330
01:15:07,713 --> 01:15:09,214
- I can't tell you.
- Why not?
1331
01:15:09,297 --> 01:15:10,841
Because you're a communist.
1332
01:15:13,468 --> 01:15:15,470
Why did you have to see her?
1333
01:15:15,554 --> 01:15:20,308
Because she had indicated a great desire
to see me before we left.
1334
01:15:20,392 --> 01:15:25,022
At that time, I couldn't,
but I felt that she had to see me.
1335
01:15:25,105 --> 01:15:27,774
She was undergoing psychiatric treatment.
1336
01:15:27,858 --> 01:15:29,901
She was extremely unhappy.
1337
01:15:29,985 --> 01:15:32,195
Did you find out why she had to see you?
1338
01:15:37,159 --> 01:15:39,244
Because she was still in love with me.
1339
01:15:46,626 --> 01:15:48,378
Spent the night together, didn't you?
1340
01:15:56,428 --> 01:15:57,512
Yes.
1341
01:16:03,894 --> 01:16:06,938
You drop in and out of my life
1342
01:16:07,022 --> 01:16:09,483
and you don't have to tell me why.
1343
01:16:09,566 --> 01:16:10,942
Now, that's power.
1344
01:16:11,026 --> 01:16:13,070
Not that I enjoy.
1345
01:16:13,862 --> 01:16:16,281
I'd rather be here for you as you need.
1346
01:16:16,364 --> 01:16:18,784
But you have other priorities now.
1347
01:16:19,576 --> 01:16:21,369
I have a wife and child.
1348
01:16:22,662 --> 01:16:25,082
That's not what either of us
is talking about.
1349
01:16:28,835 --> 01:16:29,878
Jean.
1350
01:16:30,754 --> 01:16:32,297
You asked me to come.
1351
01:16:33,423 --> 01:16:35,050
And I'm glad I did.
1352
01:16:35,926 --> 01:16:37,594
But I can't see you again.
1353
01:16:40,931 --> 01:16:42,599
But what if I need you?
1354
01:16:46,561 --> 01:16:48,563
You said you would always answer.
1355
01:16:51,441 --> 01:16:52,692
Not a word.
1356
01:16:53,819 --> 01:16:56,154
Did you think that consistent
with good security?
1357
01:16:56,238 --> 01:16:59,116
As a matter of fact, it was. Not a word.
1358
01:17:00,700 --> 01:17:02,410
When did you see her after that?
1359
01:17:10,752 --> 01:17:12,254
I never saw her again.
1360
01:17:18,844 --> 01:17:21,221
I can make the last train
back to Princeton.
1361
01:17:21,972 --> 01:17:24,516
Kitty, I didn't say anything
that I hadn't already told you.
1362
01:17:24,599 --> 01:17:27,769
- Today you said it to history, didn't you?
- This is a closed hearing.
1363
01:17:29,980 --> 01:17:32,566
If they don't release the transcript,
I'm sure you will.
1364
01:17:32,649 --> 01:17:33,650
I was under oath.
1365
01:17:33,733 --> 01:17:36,736
Well, you were under an oath to me
when you went to see Jean.
1366
01:17:37,779 --> 01:17:39,156
You know, you...
1367
01:17:39,990 --> 01:17:41,449
you sit there,
1368
01:17:41,533 --> 01:17:42,534
day after day,
1369
01:17:43,660 --> 01:17:45,996
letting them pick our lives to pieces.
1370
01:17:48,415 --> 01:17:49,875
Why won't you fight?
1371
01:17:53,420 --> 01:17:56,131
Robert, I'm not putting her up there.
1372
01:18:01,845 --> 01:18:04,598
Dr. Oppenheimer, it's an honor.
Please, take a seat.
1373
01:18:04,681 --> 01:18:06,474
No need, I just wanted to check
1374
01:18:06,558 --> 01:18:10,520
whether I should talk to Lomanitz
while I'm here, given your concerns.
1375
01:18:10,604 --> 01:18:13,481
Well, I'd say that's really up to you,
Professor, but I'd be cautious.
1376
01:18:13,565 --> 01:18:14,900
Uh-huh. Understood.
1377
01:18:14,983 --> 01:18:17,527
Oh, and, urn...
... as regards to the union,
1378
01:18:17,611 --> 01:18:21,156
I wanted to give you a heads-up
on a man named Eltenton.
1379
01:18:21,239 --> 01:18:22,782
- A heads-up?
- Yes.
1380
01:18:22,866 --> 01:18:25,702
Just that he might merit watching, is all.
1381
01:18:27,245 --> 01:18:28,622
I'd love to get more details.
1382
01:18:28,705 --> 01:18:32,042
Well, I have an appointment now,
and I leave early tomorrow.
1383
01:18:32,125 --> 01:18:35,712
Well, come back as early as you like.
Since you haven't time now.
1384
01:18:36,880 --> 01:18:38,506
You went back the next morning.
1385
01:18:38,590 --> 01:18:40,550
I did. I had to, really.
1386
01:18:41,343 --> 01:18:42,761
This' time there was another man.
1387
01:18:45,013 --> 01:18:46,348
He said his name was Pash.
1388
01:18:46,431 --> 01:18:49,017
Pash. You met Colonel Pash?
1389
01:18:49,100 --> 01:18:54,231
Colonel Pash, could you please read
from your memo dated June 29, 1943?
1390
01:18:55,982 --> 01:18:58,443
"Results of surveillance
conducted on subject
1391
01:18:58,526 --> 01:19:01,404
indicate further possible
Communist Party connections.
1392
01:19:01,488 --> 01:19:03,823
Subject met with,
and spent considerable time with,
1393
01:19:03,907 --> 01:19:05,784
one Jean Tatlock, communist,
1394
01:19:05,867 --> 01:19:07,285
the record of whom is attached. "
1395
01:19:07,369 --> 01:19:09,955
- The subject being Dr. Oppenheimer?
- Yes.
1396
01:19:10,038 --> 01:19:11,706
Whom you had not met?
1397
01:19:11,790 --> 01:19:13,124
Not then, but soon after.
1398
01:19:13,208 --> 01:19:15,752
He's the head of security for the project.
Shouldn't I know him?
1399
01:19:15,835 --> 01:19:19,381
No, he should know you.
I would never put you in a room with Pash.
1400
01:19:19,464 --> 01:19:20,423
Why not?
1401
01:19:21,007 --> 01:19:22,884
When Pash first heard about Lomanitz,
1402
01:19:22,968 --> 01:19:25,887
he told the FBI he was gonna kidnap him,
1403
01:19:25,971 --> 01:19:27,722
take him out on a boat,
1404
01:19:27,806 --> 01:19:30,183
and interrogate him in the Russian manner.
1405
01:19:33,228 --> 01:19:35,397
General Groves has placed in me
a certain responsibility,
1406
01:19:35,480 --> 01:19:37,649
and it's like having a child
who I can't see.
1407
01:19:38,692 --> 01:19:40,026
By remote control.
1408
01:19:41,361 --> 01:19:42,737
Soto actually meet you is...
1409
01:19:44,698 --> 01:19:46,950
- I won't take up too much of your time.
- No, not at all.
1410
01:19:47,033 --> 01:19:48,243
Whatever time you choose.
1411
01:19:49,494 --> 01:19:51,621
Mr. Johnson told me of a conversation
you had yesterday
1412
01:19:51,705 --> 01:19:52,998
in which I'm very interested.
1413
01:19:53,081 --> 01:19:55,292
It's had me worried all day.
1414
01:19:55,375 --> 01:19:58,920
Yes, well, I didn't want to talk
to Lomanitz without authorization.
1415
01:19:59,004 --> 01:20:00,922
That's not the particular interest
that I have.
1416
01:20:01,006 --> 01:20:02,465
It's something a little bit more...
1417
01:20:03,967 --> 01:20:05,427
in my opinion, more serious.
1418
01:20:05,510 --> 01:20:08,305
Now, when the FBI pointed out
that such information
1419
01:20:08,388 --> 01:20:09,723
wouldn't be admissible in court,
1420
01:20:09,806 --> 01:20:13,935
Pash made it clear he had no intention
of leaving any witness left to prosecute.
1421
01:20:14,019 --> 01:20:17,105
Now, the FBI talked him down,
but that's the man you're dancing with.
1422
01:20:17,188 --> 01:20:19,899
I gather you've heard
there are other parties
1423
01:20:19,983 --> 01:20:21,985
interested in the work
of the Radiation Lab?
1424
01:20:23,069 --> 01:20:29,451
A man attached to the Soviet Consul
indicated through intermediate people
1425
01:20:30,035 --> 01:20:34,581
to people on this project that he was
in a position to transmit information.
1426
01:20:34,664 --> 01:20:37,042
Why would anyone on the project
wanna do that?
1427
01:20:38,960 --> 01:20:41,296
Frankly, I can see
that there might be an argument
1428
01:20:41,379 --> 01:20:43,757
for the commander-in-chief
informing the Russians.
1429
01:20:43,840 --> 01:20:45,842
They're our allies after all.
1430
01:20:45,925 --> 01:20:48,720
But I don't like the idea
of it going out the back door.
1431
01:20:48,803 --> 01:20:51,014
It might not hurt
to be on the lookout for it.
1432
01:20:52,223 --> 01:20:54,017
And you said that to Pash?
1433
01:20:54,100 --> 01:20:58,313
I was trying to put it in the context
of "Russia's not Germany. "
1434
01:20:58,396 --> 01:21:02,901
Boris Pash is the son
of a Russian Orthodox bishop.
1435
01:21:02,984 --> 01:21:04,903
Born here, but in 1918,
1436
01:21:04,986 --> 01:21:07,405
he went back to Russia
to fight the Bolsheviks.
1437
01:21:07,489 --> 01:21:10,325
This is a man who has killed communists
with his own hands.
1438
01:21:10,408 --> 01:21:13,536
I'm not the judge of who should
or should not have information.
1439
01:21:13,620 --> 01:21:16,206
It's my business to stop it
from going through illegally.
1440
01:21:16,289 --> 01:21:18,166
Would you be a little more specific?
1441
01:21:20,752 --> 01:21:24,464
There's a man whose name
was mentioned to me a couple of times.
1442
01:21:24,547 --> 01:21:25,548
Eltenton.
1443
01:21:26,674 --> 01:21:29,803
Uh, I believe he's a chemist
who works at Shell.
1444
01:21:29,886 --> 01:21:33,014
He talked to a friend of his
1445
01:21:33,098 --> 01:21:35,934
who's an acquaintance
of someone on the project.
1446
01:21:37,644 --> 01:21:40,063
And you thought Pash
would be satisfied with that?
1447
01:21:40,146 --> 01:21:43,983
I was attempting to give them Eltenton
without opening a can of worms.
1448
01:21:44,067 --> 01:21:45,944
I told them a cock-and-bull story.
1449
01:21:46,027 --> 01:21:47,529
Did you lie to General Groves too?
1450
01:21:47,612 --> 01:21:51,116
No. I admitted to him
that I'd lied to Pash.
1451
01:21:51,199 --> 01:21:52,909
Do you recall this conversation
1452
01:21:52,992 --> 01:21:54,452
about the Chevalier incident?
1453
01:21:54,536 --> 01:21:57,497
I've seen so many versions of it,
1454
01:21:57,580 --> 01:22:00,083
I wasn't confused before
but I'm certainly getting there now.
1455
01:22:00,166 --> 01:22:01,376
What was your conclusion?
1456
01:22:01,459 --> 01:22:06,756
That he was under the influence of
the typical American schoolboy attitude
1457
01:22:06,840 --> 01:22:10,301
that there's something wicked
about telling on a friend.
1458
01:22:10,385 --> 01:22:11,553
Well, now...
1459
01:22:12,303 --> 01:22:14,889
Might we know through whom
the contact was made?
1460
01:22:15,473 --> 01:22:19,269
That would involve people
who are not to be involved in this.
1461
01:22:19,352 --> 01:22:22,188
Is that someone
a member of the project?
1462
01:22:22,772 --> 01:22:26,234
A member of the faculty, yes,
but not in the project, no.
1463
01:22:26,317 --> 01:22:27,318
Ah.
1464
01:22:27,861 --> 01:22:32,490
So Eltenton made his approach through
a member of the faculty here at Berkeley?
1465
01:22:34,409 --> 01:22:36,870
As far as I know- As far as I know, yes.
1466
01:22:36,953 --> 01:22:38,872
But... there may have been...
1467
01:22:39,747 --> 01:22:41,458
more than one person involved.
1468
01:22:46,504 --> 01:22:50,425
Gentlemen, if I- If I seem uncooperative,
I think you can understand
1469
01:22:50,508 --> 01:22:51,634
it's because of my insistence
1470
01:22:51,718 --> 01:22:54,596
in not getting innocent people
into trouble.
1471
01:22:54,679 --> 01:22:57,515
You're trying to protect your friend.
Who's protecting you?
1472
01:22:57,599 --> 01:23:00,185
- Well, you could.
- If you gave me the name.
1473
01:23:00,268 --> 01:23:01,853
If you order me to, I'll do it.
1474
01:23:01,936 --> 01:23:05,023
That is a mistake, Robert.
You need to volunteer this name.
1475
01:23:06,608 --> 01:23:08,902
- And did he give you the name?
- He did.
1476
01:23:08,985 --> 01:23:10,278
- But not then, did he?
- No.
1477
01:23:10,361 --> 01:23:12,864
No. In fact,
it was some months later, wasn't it?
1478
01:23:12,947 --> 01:23:13,948
It was.
1479
01:23:14,032 --> 01:23:16,826
- You see me as persistent.
- Well, you are-
1480
01:23:16,910 --> 01:23:18,870
You are persistent, but that is your job.
1481
01:23:18,953 --> 01:23:22,499
And-And my job is to protect the people
that work for me.
1482
01:23:22,582 --> 01:23:26,336
Instead of us going on certain steps,
which may come to your attention...
1483
01:23:28,004 --> 01:23:29,923
and be disturbing to you,
1484
01:23:30,006 --> 01:23:32,258
I would like to discuss those
with you first.
1485
01:23:33,009 --> 01:23:36,679
I'm not formulating a plan.
I'll just have to digest the whole thing.
1486
01:23:41,017 --> 01:23:44,103
In the months in between your interview
with Dr. Oppenheimer
1487
01:23:44,187 --> 01:23:46,773
and his eventual naming of Chevalier,
1488
01:23:46,856 --> 01:23:49,776
did you expend resources trying to find
the name of the intermediary?
1489
01:23:49,859 --> 01:23:52,237
Considerable resources, yes.
1490
01:23:52,320 --> 01:23:54,364
Without the name,
our job was extremely difficult.
1491
01:23:54,447 --> 01:23:55,823
And when did you receive the name?
1492
01:23:55,907 --> 01:23:58,785
I was gone by the time Oppenheimer
finally offered it up.
1493
01:23:58,868 --> 01:23:59,744
Gone?
1494
01:23:59,827 --> 01:24:01,955
They felt my time
would be better spent in Europe
1495
01:24:02,038 --> 01:24:04,374
determining the status
of the Nazi bomb project.
1496
01:24:04,457 --> 01:24:05,625
Who did?
1497
01:24:06,876 --> 01:24:07,919
General Groves.
1498
01:24:08,878 --> 01:24:10,338
He transferred me to London.
1499
01:24:17,178 --> 01:24:19,013
It's a little early for a Christmas party.
1500
01:24:19,097 --> 01:24:22,267
Something's up.
Tolman's been away.
1501
01:24:23,351 --> 01:24:24,352
Where?
1502
01:24:24,852 --> 01:24:26,020
Ruth won't tell.
1503
01:24:30,984 --> 01:24:31,985
Hey!
1504
01:24:36,239 --> 01:24:39,367
Come on, Ruthie.
Can't tell me, who can you tell?
1505
01:24:39,951 --> 01:24:41,411
Compartmentalization, Oppie.
1506
01:24:42,120 --> 01:24:44,664
What makes you think
I know where he is anyway?
1507
01:24:44,747 --> 01:24:46,499
'Cause you do a pretty good job of knowing
1508
01:24:46,583 --> 01:24:48,418
where Mr. Tolman is when it counts.
1509
01:24:49,085 --> 01:24:50,086
Like now?
1510
01:24:50,169 --> 01:24:53,506
Attention!
1511
01:24:56,342 --> 01:24:58,386
Early Christmas present for you all.
1512
01:25:06,811 --> 01:25:09,147
The British pilots
put me in the bomb bay.
1513
01:25:09,230 --> 01:25:12,233
Showed me the-the oxygen,
you know, but I messed it up.
1514
01:25:13,401 --> 01:25:15,695
When they opened me up in Scotland,
I was unconscious.
1515
01:25:15,778 --> 01:25:18,740
But I pretended I'd been napping.
1516
01:25:18,823 --> 01:25:20,241
Please enjoy your party.
1517
01:25:21,451 --> 01:25:22,785
Is it big enough?
1518
01:25:22,869 --> 01:25:24,245
To end the war?
1519
01:25:24,912 --> 01:25:27,040
To end all war.
1520
01:25:29,959 --> 01:25:33,963
Heisenberg sought me out in Copenhagen.
1521
01:25:34,714 --> 01:25:37,967
It was chilling,
my old student working for the Nazis.
1522
01:25:38,051 --> 01:25:41,763
He told me some things to draw me out.
1523
01:25:42,722 --> 01:25:45,683
Sustained fission reactions in uranium.
1524
01:25:45,767 --> 01:25:47,852
That sounds more like a reactor
than a bomb.
1525
01:25:47,935 --> 01:25:49,687
Did he mention gaseous diffusion?
1526
01:25:49,771 --> 01:25:51,981
He seemed more focused on heavy water.
1527
01:25:52,065 --> 01:25:53,816
As a moderator?
1528
01:25:53,900 --> 01:25:55,151
Yes, instead of graphite.
1529
01:25:58,237 --> 01:25:59,530
What?
1530
01:26:00,615 --> 01:26:03,368
He took a wrong turn. We're ahead.
1531
01:26:03,451 --> 01:26:05,370
And with you here to help us, Niels...
1532
01:26:05,453 --> 01:26:09,123
Sorry, could you- could you
give us a moment, gentlemen?
1533
01:26:15,630 --> 01:26:17,924
I am not here to help, Robert.
1534
01:26:18,424 --> 01:26:20,635
I knew you could do this without me.
1535
01:26:20,718 --> 01:26:22,845
- Then why did you come?
- To talk about after.
1536
01:26:22,929 --> 01:26:27,350
The power you're about to reveal
will forever outlive the Nazis.
1537
01:26:28,101 --> 01:26:29,686
And the world is not prepared.
1538
01:26:29,769 --> 01:26:33,314
"You could lift the stone without being
ready for the snake that's revealed. "
1539
01:26:33,398 --> 01:26:35,233
We have to make
the politicians understand,
1540
01:26:35,316 --> 01:26:36,859
this isn't a new weapon.
1541
01:26:37,485 --> 01:26:38,611
It's a new world.
1542
01:26:39,362 --> 01:26:41,781
I'll be out there doing what I can,
but you...
1543
01:26:42,365 --> 01:26:45,159
You are an American Prometheus.
1544
01:26:45,243 --> 01:26:49,122
The man who gave them the power
to destroy themselves,
1545
01:26:49,205 --> 01:26:50,957
and they'll respect that.
1546
01:26:51,040 --> 01:26:53,042
Then your work really begins.
1547
01:26:57,672 --> 01:27:00,049
I'm sorry, Oppie,
but there's a call.
1548
01:27:01,843 --> 01:27:03,177
From San Francisco.
1549
01:27:10,268 --> 01:27:11,352
Robert?
1550
01:27:15,857 --> 01:27:16,983
Robert?
1551
01:27:17,483 --> 01:27:20,111
Robert. Robert.
1552
01:27:20,194 --> 01:27:21,696
Oh, my God. What's the matter?
1553
01:27:21,779 --> 01:27:22,947
What happened?
1554
01:27:24,490 --> 01:27:26,367
Her father called.
1555
01:27:26,451 --> 01:27:28,077
They found her yesterday in the bath.
1556
01:27:29,912 --> 01:27:30,997
Who?
1557
01:27:32,457 --> 01:27:34,041
She'd taken pills.
1558
01:27:34,125 --> 01:27:35,460
Left a note, not signed.
1559
01:27:37,003 --> 01:27:39,881
She took barbiturates, but there
was chloral hydrate in her blood.
1560
01:27:43,468 --> 01:27:44,677
There was a note.
1561
01:27:45,470 --> 01:27:46,888
Jean Tatlock?
1562
01:27:53,603 --> 01:27:54,854
We were together.
1563
01:27:55,521 --> 01:27:57,315
She said she needed me. I...
1564
01:27:59,692 --> 01:28:01,819
I told her I...
... I wouldn't-
1565
01:28:02,695 --> 01:28:04,405
I told her I couldn't-
1566
01:28:04,489 --> 01:28:06,491
No, it was- it was me-
1567
01:28:07,950 --> 01:28:11,329
You don't get to commit the sin
1568
01:28:11,412 --> 01:28:14,791
and then have us all feel sorry for you
that it had consequences.
1569
01:28:18,127 --> 01:28:20,004
You pull yourself together.
1570
01:28:24,008 --> 01:28:25,927
You know, people here depend on you.
1571
01:28:28,137 --> 01:28:30,264
Donald, would you like
to contribute here, please?
1572
01:28:30,348 --> 01:28:31,516
You're on your own, pal.
1573
01:28:31,599 --> 01:28:34,519
Bob, I'm not quitting my job
because plutonium is radioactive.
1574
01:28:34,602 --> 01:28:37,522
We just don't know what it might do
to the female reproductive system-
1575
01:28:37,605 --> 01:28:40,691
Your reproductive system is
more exposed than mine, presumably.
1576
01:28:40,775 --> 01:28:43,444
Can we please?
The implosion device is nowhere.
1577
01:28:43,528 --> 01:28:45,071
You can't rush everything.
Oppie, please.
1578
01:28:45,154 --> 01:28:47,782
Well, there's rushing and there's
getting on with it, so, pick one.
1579
01:28:47,865 --> 01:28:49,742
Wait. Neddermeyer's doing his job.
1580
01:28:49,826 --> 01:28:52,453
Teller's not helping. You're not helping.
1581
01:28:52,537 --> 01:28:55,081
I've been asking for calculations
on the implosion lenses for weeks.
1582
01:28:55,164 --> 01:28:57,792
- The British can do it. Fuchs.
- Absolutely.
1583
01:28:57,875 --> 01:29:01,170
- It's your job, Teller.
- I'm engaged in research.
1584
01:29:01,254 --> 01:29:03,673
On a hydrogen bomb
we're not even building.
1585
01:29:11,931 --> 01:29:13,140
I won't work for that man.
1586
01:29:15,101 --> 01:29:17,270
Let him go. He's a prima donna.
1587
01:29:17,353 --> 01:29:19,313
I agree.
He should leave Los Alamos.
1588
01:29:19,397 --> 01:29:20,898
Okay.
1589
01:29:20,982 --> 01:29:24,193
Kisty, you replace Neddermeyer.
Seth, I'm putting you on plutonium.
1590
01:29:24,277 --> 01:29:27,780
Lilli, you go work for Kisty,
because he needs you.
1591
01:29:27,864 --> 01:29:29,532
Fuchs, you take Teller's role.
1592
01:29:29,615 --> 01:29:32,410
I'm putting you exclusively
on the implosion device.
1593
01:29:32,493 --> 01:29:36,122
And no one is leaving Los Alamos.
1594
01:29:50,511 --> 01:29:51,762
They won't let me leave.
1595
01:29:51,846 --> 01:29:53,806
No. I won't let you leave.
1596
01:29:55,516 --> 01:29:58,102
Forget Hans. Forget fission.
1597
01:29:58,185 --> 01:30:01,314
Stay here, research what you want.
1598
01:30:01,397 --> 01:30:03,733
Fusion, the hydrogen bomb, whatever.
1599
01:30:03,816 --> 01:30:05,109
We'll meet to discuss.
1600
01:30:05,192 --> 01:30:08,029
You don't have time to meet.
You're a politician now, Robert.
1601
01:30:08,112 --> 01:30:10,656
You've left physics behind
many, many years ago.
1602
01:30:11,824 --> 01:30:12,825
Once a week.
1603
01:30:13,492 --> 01:30:15,244
One hour, you and me.
1604
01:30:21,167 --> 01:30:22,835
Now raise this fucking barrier.
1605
01:30:27,840 --> 01:30:31,510
So the Super was under development
on your watch at Los Alamos?
1606
01:30:31,594 --> 01:30:33,012
Yes.
1607
01:30:33,095 --> 01:30:36,557
And yet, after the war,
you tried to deny it was viable.
1608
01:30:36,641 --> 01:30:39,727
No, no, no. I-| pointed out
technical difficulties with it.
1609
01:30:39,810 --> 01:30:41,771
Didn't you try to kill it
at the AEC meeting
1610
01:30:41,854 --> 01:30:43,272
- after the Russian bomb test?
- No.
1611
01:30:43,356 --> 01:30:46,609
But that was the recommendation
of the AEC, was it not?
1612
01:30:46,692 --> 01:30:49,820
After hours of discussion
about the best response.
1613
01:30:49,904 --> 01:30:55,117
An H-bomb is 1,000 times the power
of an A-bomb.
1614
01:30:55,868 --> 01:30:59,997
Its only intended target
would be the largest cities.
1615
01:31:00,081 --> 01:31:01,624
It's a weapon of mass genocide.
1616
01:31:01,707 --> 01:31:05,920
Izzy, draw some circles on this side
of the map where they would target us.
1617
01:31:06,003 --> 01:31:07,129
Starting with New York.
1618
01:31:07,213 --> 01:31:08,339
- That's fair.
- DC.
1619
01:31:08,422 --> 01:31:11,050
It's a weapon of attack
with no defensive value.
1620
01:31:11,133 --> 01:31:12,635
- Deterrence.
- "Deterrence"?
1621
01:31:12,718 --> 01:31:16,806
Do we really need more deterrence
than our current arsenal of atomic bombs?
1622
01:31:16,889 --> 01:31:20,935
Y- You drown in ten feet of water
or 10,000, what's the difference?
1623
01:31:21,018 --> 01:31:23,145
We can already drown Russia. They know it.
1624
01:31:23,229 --> 01:31:25,523
- Now they can drown us.
- We're just escalating.
1625
01:31:29,485 --> 01:31:32,363
Robert? Robert.
1626
01:31:36,367 --> 01:31:37,368
As I said,
1627
01:31:37,451 --> 01:31:41,288
Teller's designs are still as impractical
as they were during the war.
1628
01:31:41,372 --> 01:31:44,208
A hydrogen bomb can be made to work,
Oppie, you know that.
1629
01:31:44,291 --> 01:31:47,086
I don't believe we should commit
all our resources to that chance.
1630
01:31:47,169 --> 01:31:50,172
Then how would you have Truman
reassure the American people?
1631
01:31:50,256 --> 01:31:52,591
Simply by limiting the spread
of atomic weapons
1632
01:31:52,675 --> 01:31:55,136
through international control
on nuclear energy.
1633
01:31:55,761 --> 01:31:57,471
By which you mean world government.
1634
01:31:57,555 --> 01:32:00,391
The United Nations, as Roosevelt intended.
1635
01:32:00,474 --> 01:32:03,352
Well, I asked
what Truman should do, right?
1636
01:32:03,436 --> 01:32:04,437
The world's changed.
1637
01:32:04,520 --> 01:32:07,898
It's not fascism but communism
that now threatens our survival.
1638
01:32:07,982 --> 01:32:09,859
Lewis, do you understand,
1639
01:32:09,942 --> 01:32:11,527
if we build a hydrogen bomb,
1640
01:32:11,610 --> 01:32:13,821
the Russians will have no choice
but to build their own?
1641
01:32:13,904 --> 01:32:15,448
Could they be working on one already,
1642
01:32:15,531 --> 01:32:18,534
based on information gathered
from a spy at Los Alamos?
1643
01:32:18,617 --> 01:32:20,077
No spy at Los Alamos.
1644
01:32:20,161 --> 01:32:22,997
- Gentlemen. Let's not get sidetracked.
- There wasn't?
1645
01:32:23,080 --> 01:32:25,750
I say we use this moment
to gain concessions from the Russians
1646
01:32:25,833 --> 01:32:28,794
by committing that we will not build
a hydrogen bomb.
1647
01:32:28,878 --> 01:32:30,546
Thereby revealing its existence.
1648
01:32:30,629 --> 01:32:32,631
Which you seem convinced
they already know.
1649
01:32:32,715 --> 01:32:36,135
All right. At this point,
I'd like the committee members
1650
01:32:36,218 --> 01:32:39,889
to meet in privacy
to finalize our recommendations.
1651
01:32:41,432 --> 01:32:43,392
I'm just not sure
you wanna go down this road.
1652
01:32:43,476 --> 01:32:44,477
Lewis, with respect,
1653
01:32:44,560 --> 01:32:47,354
we are the advisory committee,
we will give them our advice.
1654
01:32:52,860 --> 01:32:54,111
Dr. Oppenheimer?
1655
01:32:54,195 --> 01:32:55,321
Hi.
1656
01:32:55,404 --> 01:32:58,240
William Borden.
Joint Committee on Atomic Energy?
1657
01:32:58,324 --> 01:32:59,575
Oh, yes, yes.
1658
01:32:59,658 --> 01:33:01,035
During the war, I was a pilot.
1659
01:33:02,495 --> 01:33:05,122
One night, flying back from a raid,
1660
01:33:05,206 --> 01:33:06,999
I saw an amazing sight,
1661
01:33:07,083 --> 01:33:08,751
like a meteor.
1662
01:33:08,834 --> 01:33:11,962
A V-Z rocket' headed to Eng/and.
1663
01:33:12,046 --> 01:33:15,049
I can't help but imagine what it will be
for such an enemy rocket
1664
01:33:15,132 --> 01:33:17,968
to carry an atomic warhead.
1665
01:33:26,936 --> 01:33:29,563
Well, let's make sure we're not the ones
to make that possible.
1666
01:33:35,694 --> 01:33:38,030
Oppie, I don't think
you wanna go up against Strauss.
1667
01:33:38,864 --> 01:33:41,033
If we both speak, they listen to me.
1668
01:33:41,575 --> 01:33:43,452
When you speak, they hear a prophet.
1669
01:33:43,536 --> 01:33:45,371
When Strauss speaks, they hear themselves.
1670
01:33:45,454 --> 01:33:47,540
They'll listen to a prophet.
1671
01:33:47,623 --> 01:33:49,542
A prophet can't be wrong.
1672
01:33:49,625 --> 01:33:50,543
Not once.
1673
01:33:50,626 --> 01:33:54,130
Didn't you accuse Oppenheimer of
sabotaging the development of the Super?
1674
01:33:54,213 --> 01:33:58,509
I was never one of those to bandy around
terms like "sabotage. "
1675
01:33:58,592 --> 01:34:00,010
But Mr. Borden was?
1676
01:34:00,636 --> 01:34:02,346
As I understand it, possibly.
1677
01:34:02,429 --> 01:34:06,100
How was Mr. Borden able to put together
such a detailed indictment?
1678
01:34:06,183 --> 01:34:07,768
He was no longer a government employee,
1679
01:34:07,852 --> 01:34:10,020
yet he appears to have had
unlimited access
1680
01:34:10,104 --> 01:34:11,605
to Dr. Oppenheimer's file.
1681
01:34:11,689 --> 01:34:14,441
Might Mr. Nichols
have given him access to the file?
1682
01:34:14,525 --> 01:34:16,652
Or someone else at the AEC?
1683
01:34:16,735 --> 01:34:19,446
That's a very serious accusation, Senator.
1684
01:34:19,530 --> 01:34:21,115
Is it your intention to suggest
1685
01:34:21,198 --> 01:34:23,868
that Dr. Oppenheimer
is disloyal to the United States?
1686
01:34:24,451 --> 01:34:26,537
I've always assumed, and still assume,
1687
01:34:26,620 --> 01:34:29,039
that he's loyal to the United States.
1688
01:34:29,123 --> 01:34:30,166
I believe this.
1689
01:34:30,249 --> 01:34:33,627
And I shall believe it until I see
very conclusive proof to the opposite.
1690
01:34:33,711 --> 01:34:37,715
Do you, or do you not, believe
that Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk?
1691
01:34:46,599 --> 01:34:49,685
And if I may, when Hitler
blew his brains out in that bunker,
1692
01:34:49,768 --> 01:34:53,022
it is my humble opinion that
there is no need for that bomb to be seen
1693
01:34:53,105 --> 01:34:54,607
anywhere except for that test site.
1694
01:34:55,649 --> 01:34:58,235
We at least
have to take a moment to think about
1695
01:34:58,319 --> 01:35:01,405
whether the means
justify the ends any longer, because-
1696
01:35:04,116 --> 01:35:06,285
Germany is about to surrender.
1697
01:35:08,412 --> 01:35:12,416
It's no longer the enemy
who are the greatest threat to mankind.
1698
01:35:12,499 --> 01:35:13,417
It's our work.
1699
01:35:16,086 --> 01:35:18,505
Hitler is dead, it's true.
1700
01:35:20,466 --> 01:35:22,009
But the Japanese fight on.
1701
01:35:22,092 --> 01:35:23,844
Their defeat seems assured.
1702
01:35:23,928 --> 01:35:26,555
Not if you're a GI preparing to invade.
1703
01:35:28,098 --> 01:35:29,183
We can end this war.
1704
01:35:29,266 --> 01:35:32,603
But how do we justify using this weapon
on human beings?
1705
01:35:35,898 --> 01:35:38,734
We're theorists, yes?
1706
01:35:40,069 --> 01:35:44,198
We imagine a future,
and our imaginings horrify us.
1707
01:35:45,574 --> 01:35:47,910
But they won't fear it
until they understand it,
1708
01:35:47,993 --> 01:35:50,663
and they won't understand it
until they've used it.
1709
01:35:50,746 --> 01:35:54,583
When the world learns the terrible secret
of Los Alamos,
1710
01:35:54,667 --> 01:35:58,087
our work here will ensure a peace
mankind has never seen.
1711
01:35:58,170 --> 01:36:01,298
A peace based
on the kind of international cooperation
1712
01:36:01,382 --> 01:36:03,509
that Roosevelt always envisaged.
1713
01:36:08,722 --> 01:36:11,558
- Progress?
- Two years and a billion dollars' worth?
1714
01:36:12,476 --> 01:36:14,144
Well, hard to put a price on it.
1715
01:36:14,228 --> 01:36:15,896
Not really. Just add up the bills.
1716
01:36:15,980 --> 01:36:20,234
"Rural free deliveries. "
Eighty babies delivered the first year.
1717
01:36:20,317 --> 01:36:22,903
This year we've had ten a month.
1718
01:36:22,987 --> 01:36:25,864
Birth control is a little out
of my jurisdiction, General.
1719
01:36:26,365 --> 01:36:27,449
- Clearly.
- General.
1720
01:36:27,533 --> 01:36:28,617
Kiddo.
1721
01:36:33,622 --> 01:36:36,667
Head down, every- Fuchs. Head down.
1722
01:36:43,674 --> 01:36:45,551
That's the one.
1723
01:36:45,634 --> 01:36:48,137
Two viable bombs. I need a date.
1724
01:36:51,181 --> 01:36:52,391
September.
1725
01:36:52,474 --> 01:36:53,517
Jul)'-
1726
01:36:53,600 --> 01:36:55,394
That's the sweet spot, gentlemen.
1727
01:36:56,186 --> 01:36:57,730
August.
1728
01:36:57,813 --> 01:36:59,356
Jul)'-
1729
01:36:59,440 --> 01:37:02,484
Test in July. But I need my brother.
1730
01:37:06,822 --> 01:37:09,408
Frank knows the desert,
he's left politics behind,
1731
01:37:09,491 --> 01:37:11,702
he's been working with Lawrence
for two years now.
1732
01:37:18,751 --> 01:37:20,377
What do we call the test?
1733
01:37:21,920 --> 01:37:25,341
"Batter my heart,
three person's! God. "
1734
01:37:25,424 --> 01:37:26,425
What?
1735
01:37:28,010 --> 01:37:29,011
Trinity.
1736
01:37:37,186 --> 01:37:39,188
You insisted on bringing
on your brother Frank,
1737
01:37:39,271 --> 01:37:40,397
a known communist.
1738
01:37:40,481 --> 01:37:42,107
Former communist.
1739
01:37:42,191 --> 01:37:44,109
You brought a known former communist
1740
01:37:44,193 --> 01:37:47,946
onto America's most secret
and important defense project.
1741
01:37:48,030 --> 01:37:51,283
I knew my brother could be trusted.
Absolutely.
1742
01:37:51,367 --> 01:37:54,620
And you felt your judgment was sound
on who on the team could be trusted.
1743
01:37:55,204 --> 01:37:58,415
Fuchs, head down.
Okay, everybody ready.
1744
01:38:08,133 --> 01:38:09,385
I hope you learned something.
1745
01:38:09,468 --> 01:38:11,845
Yeah, we learned
we're gonna need to be a lot further away.
1746
01:38:11,929 --> 01:38:13,305
Well, figure it out. Fast.
1747
01:38:13,389 --> 01:38:16,392
We leave for Washington in the morning.
We're gonna give them a date.
1748
01:38:31,615 --> 01:38:33,325
You're a long way from Chicago, Leo.
1749
01:38:33,409 --> 01:38:36,328
If we don't act now, they're going
to use this thing against Japan.
1750
01:38:36,912 --> 01:38:39,832
We booked a meeting with Truman,
but somebody killed it.
1751
01:38:39,915 --> 01:38:42,251
You're meeting the secretary of war.
1752
01:38:42,334 --> 01:38:43,877
Just because we're building it
1753
01:38:43,961 --> 01:38:45,754
doesn't mean
we get to decide how it's used.
1754
01:38:46,630 --> 01:38:48,715
History will judge us, Robert.
1755
01:38:49,591 --> 01:38:51,552
In Chicago,
we put together a petition.
1756
01:38:52,344 --> 01:38:53,887
I'm not getting into that.
1757
01:38:59,309 --> 01:39:01,019
Just tell me your concerns
and I'll relay them.
1758
01:39:01,103 --> 01:39:02,146
My concerns?
1759
01:39:02,229 --> 01:39:05,607
Germany's defeated.
Japan's not going to hold out alone.
1760
01:39:05,691 --> 01:39:07,901
How could you know that?
You got us into this.
1761
01:39:07,985 --> 01:39:11,405
You and Einstein with your letter
to Roosevelt saying we could build a bomb.
1762
01:39:11,488 --> 01:39:12,406
Against Germany.
1763
01:39:12,489 --> 01:39:15,367
That's not how weapons manufacture
works, Szilard.
1764
01:39:15,451 --> 01:39:16,702
Oppie, you have to help.
1765
01:39:16,785 --> 01:39:18,537
Fermi's in the meeting.
Lawrence is in the meeting.
1766
01:39:18,620 --> 01:39:21,832
They're not you.
You're the great salesman of science.
1767
01:39:21,915 --> 01:39:24,126
You can convince anyone of anything.
1768
01:39:25,085 --> 01:39:26,086
Even yourself.
1769
01:39:26,920 --> 01:39:27,921
Excuse me.
1770
01:39:29,423 --> 01:39:32,634
The firestorm in Tokyo
killed 100,000 people.
1771
01:39:32,718 --> 01:39:34,178
Mostly civilians.
1772
01:39:35,429 --> 01:39:38,849
I worry about an America where we
do these things and no one protests.
1773
01:39:38,932 --> 01:39:42,269
Pearl Harbor and three years
of brutal conflict in the Pacific
1774
01:39:42,352 --> 01:39:44,605
bought us a lot of latitude
with the American public.
1775
01:39:45,189 --> 01:39:47,149
Enough to unleash the atomic bomb?
1776
01:39:47,232 --> 01:39:50,486
The A-bomb might not cause
as much damage as the Tokyo bombings.
1777
01:39:50,569 --> 01:39:52,029
What are we estimating?
1778
01:39:52,112 --> 01:39:56,909
In a medium-sized city,
20,000 or 30,000 dead.
1779
01:39:56,992 --> 01:39:59,036
Yes, but don't underestimate
1780
01:39:59,119 --> 01:40:02,539
the psychological impact
of an atomic explosion.
1781
01:40:03,290 --> 01:40:06,418
A pillar of fire 10,000 feet tall.
1782
01:40:07,127 --> 01:40:10,214
Deadly neutron effects for a mile.
In all directions.
1783
01:40:10,297 --> 01:40:13,175
From one single device.
1784
01:40:13,258 --> 01:40:15,427
Dropped from a barely noticed B-29,
1785
01:40:15,511 --> 01:40:20,682
the atomic bomb will be
a terrible revelation of divine power.
1786
01:40:21,308 --> 01:40:23,936
If that's true, it would be definitive.
1787
01:40:24,019 --> 01:40:26,021
World War II would be over.
1788
01:40:26,104 --> 01:40:27,648
Our boys would come home.
1789
01:40:27,731 --> 01:40:28,857
Military targets?
1790
01:40:30,192 --> 01:40:32,194
Uh... There aren't any big enough.
1791
01:40:32,277 --> 01:40:35,197
Perhaps a vital war plant
1792
01:40:35,280 --> 01:40:37,866
with workers housed nearby?
1793
01:40:37,950 --> 01:40:41,119
And we could issue a warning
to reduce civilian casualties.
1794
01:40:41,203 --> 01:40:43,121
They'd send everything they have
up against us,
1795
01:40:43,205 --> 01:40:44,873
and I'd be up in that plane.
1796
01:40:44,957 --> 01:40:48,168
But if we announce it
and it fails to go off,
1797
01:40:48,252 --> 01:40:50,837
we'd scupper any chance
of a Japanese surrender.
1798
01:40:50,921 --> 01:40:55,342
Is there no way to demonstrate
a bomb to Japan to provoke surrender?
1799
01:40:55,425 --> 01:40:59,555
We intend to demonstrate it
in the most unambiguous terms. Twice.
1800
01:40:59,638 --> 01:41:01,848
Once, to show the weapon's power,
1801
01:41:01,932 --> 01:41:05,352
and a second to show that we can
keep doing this until they surrender.
1802
01:41:05,435 --> 01:41:08,814
We have a list of 12 cities
to choose from-
1803
01:41:08,897 --> 01:41:10,816
Sorry, 11.
1804
01:41:10,899 --> 01:41:12,776
I've taken Kyoto off the list
1805
01:41:12,859 --> 01:41:16,405
due to its cultural significance
to the Japanese people.
1806
01:41:16,488 --> 01:41:18,699
Also, my wife and I honeymooned there.
1807
01:41:19,199 --> 01:41:20,492
It's a magnificent city.
1808
01:41:24,162 --> 01:41:25,956
Let me make this simple for you,
gentlemen.
1809
01:41:26,039 --> 01:41:28,500
According to my intelligence,
which I cannot share with you,
1810
01:41:28,584 --> 01:41:32,671
the Japanese people will not surrender,
under any circumstances,
1811
01:41:32,754 --> 01:41:36,049
short of a successful
and total invasion of the home islands.
1812
01:41:36,800 --> 01:41:39,386
Many lives will be lost,
American and Japanese.
1813
01:41:39,469 --> 01:41:43,390
The use of the atomic bomb
on Japanese cities will save lives.
1814
01:41:43,473 --> 01:41:45,392
If we retain moral advantage.
1815
01:41:46,059 --> 01:41:47,227
How so?
1816
01:41:47,311 --> 01:41:49,479
Well, if we use this weapon
without informing our allies,
1817
01:41:49,563 --> 01:41:52,441
they'll see it as a threat,
and we'll be in an arms race.
1818
01:41:52,524 --> 01:41:54,443
How open can we be
with the Soviets?
1819
01:41:54,526 --> 01:41:58,572
Secrecy won't stop the Soviets
from becoming part of the atomic world.
1820
01:41:58,655 --> 01:42:00,657
We've been told
they have no uranium.
1821
01:42:00,741 --> 01:42:03,702
You've been misinformed.
A Russian bomb is a matter of time.
1822
01:42:03,785 --> 01:42:07,247
The program needs to continue
at full pace after the war.
1823
01:42:08,040 --> 01:42:09,875
Secretary Stimson, if I may,
1824
01:42:09,958 --> 01:42:13,920
not all scientists
on the project are in agreement.
1825
01:42:14,004 --> 01:42:17,591
In fact, this might be a moment
to consider other opinions. If you talk-
1826
01:42:17,674 --> 01:42:20,344
The Manhattan Project
has been plagued from the start
1827
01:42:20,427 --> 01:42:23,805
by certain scientists
of doubtful discretion
1828
01:42:23,889 --> 01:42:25,307
and uncertain loyalty.
1829
01:42:25,390 --> 01:42:27,392
One of them just tried to meet
with the president.
1830
01:42:27,476 --> 01:42:30,562
Now, we need these men,
but as soon as it's practical,
1831
01:42:30,646 --> 01:42:32,939
we should sever any such scientists
from the program.
1832
01:42:33,023 --> 01:42:34,274
Wouldn't you agree, Doctor?
1833
01:42:35,859 --> 01:42:37,527
If a Russian bomb is inevitable,
1834
01:42:38,236 --> 01:42:41,281
perhaps we should invite
their top scientists to Trinity?
1835
01:42:41,365 --> 01:42:44,951
President Truman has no intention
of raising expectations
1836
01:42:45,035 --> 01:42:47,704
that Stalin be included
in the atomic project.
1837
01:42:47,788 --> 01:42:49,247
Informing him of our breakthrough
1838
01:42:49,331 --> 01:42:51,249
and presenting it
as a means to win the war
1839
01:42:51,333 --> 01:42:53,126
need not make unkeepable promises.
1840
01:42:53,210 --> 01:42:55,337
But the Potsdam peace conference in July
1841
01:42:55,420 --> 01:42:58,757
will be President Truman's last chance
to have that conversation.
1842
01:42:59,466 --> 01:43:01,301
Can you give us a working bomb by then?
1843
01:43:02,678 --> 01:43:05,889
Absolutely. We will test fire
before the conference.
1844
01:43:10,769 --> 01:43:16,983
Ground Zero, observation posts
at 10,000 yards north, south and west.
1845
01:43:17,067 --> 01:43:18,068
Where do we trigger from?
1846
01:43:18,151 --> 01:43:20,237
South, 10,000.
1847
01:43:20,320 --> 01:43:23,573
And Base Camp is ten miles south here.
1848
01:43:23,657 --> 01:43:28,912
And there's a further observation post
on- on that hill 20 miles away.
1849
01:43:28,995 --> 01:43:31,915
What's that, Frank?
Trigger lines already went in.
1850
01:43:31,998 --> 01:43:35,460
The Air Force requested
a line of lights for their B-29.
1851
01:43:35,544 --> 01:43:37,879
What B-29? Our bomb's on the tower.
1852
01:43:37,963 --> 01:43:41,049
They wanna use the test
to confirm a safe operating distance.
1853
01:43:41,133 --> 01:43:43,844
- That's risky.
- Not as risky as dropping one over Japan
1854
01:43:43,927 --> 01:43:45,887
and hoping that we were right
about the blast radius.
1855
01:43:45,971 --> 01:43:48,140
Don't let them slow us down.
We're firing on the 15th.
1856
01:43:48,223 --> 01:43:50,517
- The 15th? That's not-
- The 15th.
1857
01:43:52,227 --> 01:43:53,228
The 15th.
1858
01:43:54,604 --> 01:43:56,565
So I'll be here
at South Observation point
1859
01:43:56,648 --> 01:43:58,942
with Frank and Kistiakowsky.
1860
01:43:59,025 --> 01:44:02,779
You'll all be assigned
to Base Camp, West Observation,
1861
01:44:02,863 --> 01:44:04,448
or Far Observation.
1862
01:44:14,374 --> 01:44:18,295
Whoa, whoa, whoa!
Careful with the knife. There, carefully.
1863
01:44:19,796 --> 01:44:23,842
- Are those safe distances?
- They're based on your calculations.
1864
01:44:23,925 --> 01:44:26,470
Time to stand behind your science, Hans.
Literally.
1865
01:44:50,076 --> 01:44:51,119
Yeah.
1866
01:44:56,416 --> 01:44:58,084
What about the radiation cloud?
1867
01:44:58,168 --> 01:45:01,296
Without high winds, it should settle
within two to three miles.
1868
01:45:01,379 --> 01:45:03,590
Evacuation measures are in place.
1869
01:45:03,673 --> 01:45:06,468
But we need good weather for visibility,
so it has to be fine.
1870
01:45:07,928 --> 01:45:09,262
Everybody out.
1871
01:45:19,439 --> 01:45:21,399
We go on the night of the 15th.
1872
01:45:21,483 --> 01:45:25,445
It's a hard deadline,
so if anyone has anything, speak now.
1873
01:45:25,529 --> 01:45:27,697
Little, little more. Okay, stop, stop.
1874
01:45:27,781 --> 01:45:31,576
Everybody, mattresses.
Put the mattress underneath.
1875
01:45:48,844 --> 01:45:51,346
Could use a final implosion test.
1876
01:45:53,390 --> 01:45:55,684
- It couldn't hurt.
- Do it.
1877
01:45:56,935 --> 01:45:59,145
Is there anything else that might stop us?
1878
01:46:34,014 --> 01:46:35,557
It's happening, isn't it?
1879
01:46:37,726 --> 01:46:39,144
I'll send a message.
1880
01:46:39,895 --> 01:46:41,313
If it's gone our way...
1881
01:46:42,939 --> 01:46:43,982
take in the sheets.
1882
01:46:48,153 --> 01:46:49,195
Robert.
1883
01:46:52,407 --> 01:46:53,450
Break a leg.
1884
01:47:06,796 --> 01:47:07,797
Okay.
1885
01:47:59,933 --> 01:48:03,103
Oppie's taken
a very modest three kilotons.
1886
01:48:03,186 --> 01:48:05,438
- Teller's in with 45.
- Twenty.
1887
01:48:05,522 --> 01:48:07,774
20,000 tons of TNT.
1888
01:48:07,857 --> 01:48:11,152
And does anyone want the side action
on atmospheric ignition?
1889
01:48:13,905 --> 01:48:17,075
- Are you saying we'll have to delay?
- I'm saying it would be prudent.
1890
01:48:17,158 --> 01:48:18,952
This weather,
has it reached the site?
1891
01:48:24,082 --> 01:48:26,251
Bethe is calling to tell you
the implosion test failed.
1892
01:48:26,334 --> 01:48:28,878
Hello, Hans. Yes, he's here.
1893
01:48:30,171 --> 01:48:31,172
Yes.
1894
01:48:33,675 --> 01:48:35,301
- Is he wrong?
- No.
1895
01:48:35,385 --> 01:48:37,137
- No?
- No.
1896
01:48:38,138 --> 01:48:40,598
- So we're about to fire a dud?
- No.
1897
01:48:40,682 --> 01:48:44,060
- Explain.
- Well, I can't. I just- I just know.
1898
01:48:44,144 --> 01:48:45,854
I know the implosion lenses will work.
1899
01:48:45,937 --> 01:48:48,356
If we fire these detonators
and they don't trigger a reaction,
1900
01:48:48,440 --> 01:48:52,068
two years' worth of plutonium
will be scattered across White Sands.
1901
01:48:52,152 --> 01:48:54,779
A month of my salary
against ten bucks says it lights.
1902
01:48:55,572 --> 01:48:56,406
Jesus.
1903
01:49:03,788 --> 01:49:05,832
The Wind's picking up
at Zero, not the rain.
1904
01:49:05,915 --> 01:49:07,000
Lightning circling.
1905
01:49:07,083 --> 01:49:08,877
You think it might be time
to tell your men
1906
01:49:08,960 --> 01:49:11,629
to get away from the steel tower
with the atomic bomb?
1907
01:49:14,924 --> 01:49:17,552
- Let's get to South Observation.
- Pull 'em out.
1908
01:49:17,635 --> 01:49:19,721
We can make our determination there.
1909
01:49:24,893 --> 01:49:27,020
The team hasn't slept in two nights.
1910
01:49:27,103 --> 01:49:30,440
If we stand down, make the bomb safe,
we won't be back here for weeks.
1911
01:49:30,523 --> 01:49:34,235
Then we'll miss Potsdam.
I gotta get word to Truman by 7:00.
1912
01:49:34,319 --> 01:49:36,279
Our window's closing.
What is this doing?
1913
01:49:36,362 --> 01:49:37,739
Raining, blowing, lightning.
1914
01:49:37,822 --> 01:49:39,991
- For how long, damn it?
- It's holdin' strong.
1915
01:49:40,075 --> 01:49:42,243
- It'll break before dawn.
- How could you know that?
1916
01:49:42,327 --> 01:49:44,329
I know this desert.
Storm cools overnight.
1917
01:49:44,412 --> 01:49:46,456
Just before dawn, the storm breaks.
1918
01:49:46,539 --> 01:49:48,708
He could be right,
but schedule as late as possible.
1919
01:49:48,792 --> 01:49:50,043
5:30.
1920
01:49:50,126 --> 01:49:52,462
Sign your forecast.
If you're wrong, I'll hang you.
1921
01:49:52,545 --> 01:49:54,756
- Frank, tell them all, 5:30.
-5:30.
1922
01:49:54,839 --> 01:49:56,007
-5:30.
-5:30.
1923
01:49:58,676 --> 01:50:00,386
Three years,
1924
01:50:00,470 --> 01:50:01,805
4,000 people,
1925
01:50:01,888 --> 01:50:03,598
two billion dollars.
1926
01:50:03,681 --> 01:50:05,975
Well, if it doesn't go off,
1927
01:50:06,059 --> 01:50:07,352
we're both finished.
1928
01:50:10,271 --> 01:50:12,899
I'm betting on three kilotons.
1929
01:50:12,982 --> 01:50:14,818
Anything less,
they won't get what it is.
1930
01:50:15,819 --> 01:50:19,155
What did Fermi mean
by "atmospheric ignition"?
1931
01:50:19,239 --> 01:50:20,281
Well, we had a moment
1932
01:50:20,365 --> 01:50:24,452
where it looked like the chain reaction
from an atomic device might never stop.
1933
01:50:25,286 --> 01:50:27,372
Setting fire to the atmosphere.
1934
01:50:27,455 --> 01:50:29,916
Why is Fermi still taking side bets on it?
1935
01:50:30,625 --> 01:50:32,585
Call it gallows humor.
1936
01:50:35,421 --> 01:50:40,051
Wait, are we saying there's a chance
that when we push that button,
1937
01:50:40,135 --> 01:50:41,469
we destroy the world?
1938
01:50:41,553 --> 01:50:45,265
Nothing in our research over three years
supports that conclusion.
1939
01:50:45,348 --> 01:50:48,101
Except as the most remote possibility.
1940
01:50:49,060 --> 01:50:51,020
- How remote?
- Chances are near zero.
1941
01:50:52,605 --> 01:50:53,606
Near zero.
1942
01:50:54,899 --> 01:50:57,235
What do you want from theory alone?
1943
01:50:59,070 --> 01:51:00,947
Zero would be nice.
1944
01:51:04,367 --> 01:51:10,331
In exactly one hour, 58 minutes,
we'll know.
1945
01:51:17,130 --> 01:51:18,256
It's letting up.
1946
01:51:31,227 --> 01:51:33,479
The arming party's left Zero,
they're heading this way.
1947
01:51:33,563 --> 01:51:34,522
Throwing the switches.
1948
01:51:34,606 --> 01:51:37,859
Turn the cars.
Ready for emergency evacuation.
1949
01:51:55,585 --> 01:51:56,878
Take your welder's glass.
1950
01:51:56,961 --> 01:51:58,504
Everybody, take your places.
1951
01:51:59,172 --> 01:52:01,007
Everybody take a welder's glass!
1952
01:52:02,759 --> 01:52:04,594
Everybody take a welder's glass.
1953
01:52:56,271 --> 01:52:57,480
Twenty minutes.
1954
01:53:01,484 --> 01:53:02,610
Twenty minutes.
1955
01:53:13,788 --> 01:53:15,123
That's 20.
1956
01:53:18,334 --> 01:53:19,711
On the leg, please.
1957
01:53:21,296 --> 01:53:23,131
- Feynman.
- No.
1958
01:53:23,214 --> 01:53:25,883
- For your eyes, sir.
- The glass stops the UV.
1959
01:53:25,967 --> 01:53:27,510
And what stops the glass?
1960
01:53:29,262 --> 01:53:31,764
I'm gonna head to Base Camp.
Best of luck.
1961
01:53:32,473 --> 01:53:33,933
Robert...
1962
01:53:35,143 --> 01:53:36,602
try not to blow up the world.
1963
01:53:48,489 --> 01:53:49,657
Watch that needle.
1964
01:53:49,741 --> 01:53:53,202
If the detonators don't charge,
or the voltage drops below one volt,
1965
01:53:53,286 --> 01:53:54,787
you hit that button, you abort.
1966
01:53:54,871 --> 01:53:56,456
Understood?
1967
01:53:56,539 --> 01:53:57,707
Understood.
1968
01:54:05,089 --> 01:54:07,425
Two minutes to detonation.
1969
01:54:07,508 --> 01:54:09,427
Everybody down.
1970
01:54:09,510 --> 01:54:13,598
Do not turn around until you see light
reflected on the hills.
1971
01:54:13,681 --> 01:54:16,601
Then look at the explosion
only through your welder's glass.
1972
01:54:16,684 --> 01:54:18,895
Ninety seconds to detonation.
1973
01:54:20,938 --> 01:54:23,691
Eighty seconds to detonation.
1974
01:54:23,775 --> 01:54:25,151
Is it rubbed in?
1975
01:54:25,902 --> 01:54:26,903
Yeah.
1976
01:54:33,785 --> 01:54:36,704
Sixty seconds to detonation.
1977
01:54:51,511 --> 01:54:53,721
These things are hard on your heart.
1978
01:54:53,805 --> 01:54:55,014
Thirty seconds.
1979
01:55:00,561 --> 01:55:01,813
Detonator's charged.
1980
01:55:12,156 --> 01:55:16,577
77, 76, 75...
1981
01:55:16,661 --> 01:55:23,042
74, 73, 72, 77...
1982
01:55:23,543 --> 01:55:24,710
Ten...
1983
01:55:26,170 --> 01:55:28,172
- .. Nine,
1984
01:55:28,256 --> 01:55:29,424
eight...
1985
01:55:30,216 --> 01:55:31,426
seven...
1986
01:55:32,844 --> 01:55:34,137
six...
1987
01:55:35,346 --> 01:55:36,347
five...
1988
01:55:38,433 --> 01:55:39,517
four...
1989
01:55:41,185 --> 01:55:42,353
three...
1990
01:55:43,146 --> 01:55:44,313
two...
1991
01:55:45,940 --> 01:55:47,024
one.
1992
01:57:19,867 --> 01:57:22,036
"And now I am become Death. "
1993
01:57:24,622 --> 01:57:26,249
"The destroyer of Worlds. "
1994
01:57:59,740 --> 01:58:00,741
It worked.
1995
01:58:36,444 --> 01:58:38,362
- You owe me ten dollars!
- Oh!
1996
01:58:40,615 --> 01:58:41,741
Come on!
1997
01:58:41,824 --> 01:58:44,285
I'm good for it, Kisty.
1998
01:58:44,368 --> 01:58:45,453
You are.
1999
01:58:46,203 --> 01:58:48,331
Yes, you are!
2000
01:59:16,484 --> 01:59:18,903
We did it! Well done.
2001
01:59:25,034 --> 01:59:26,744
Get me Potsdam right away.
2002
01:59:38,255 --> 01:59:40,925
- Get a message to Kitty.
- We can't say anything.
2003
01:59:41,008 --> 01:59:42,301
Tell her to take in the sheets.
2004
01:59:56,899 --> 01:59:58,025
Shh.
2005
01:59:58,109 --> 01:59:59,694
- Hello?
- Hi. Kitty?
2006
01:59:59,777 --> 02:00:02,905
What- What? Charlotte.
Charlotte, go ahead, go ahead.
2007
02:00:02,988 --> 02:00:07,284
Oh, um, well, I don't know, he just said
to tell you to "bring in the sheets. "
2008
02:00:10,204 --> 02:00:11,205
Kitty?
2009
02:00:12,915 --> 02:00:15,376
Kitty? Kitty, are you still there?
2010
02:00:22,550 --> 02:00:25,594
If they detonate it too high in the air,
the blast won't be as powerful.
2011
02:00:25,678 --> 02:00:28,097
With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer,
2012
02:00:28,180 --> 02:00:29,473
we'll take it from here.
2013
02:00:40,067 --> 02:00:42,445
Did Truman brief Stalin at Potsdam?
2014
02:00:43,070 --> 02:00:45,573
A brief would be an overstatement.
2015
02:00:45,656 --> 02:00:49,368
He referred to a powerful new weapon.
2016
02:00:50,035 --> 02:00:54,832
Stalin hoped we'd use it
against Japan.
2017
02:00:56,083 --> 02:00:57,084
That's it?
2018
02:00:57,752 --> 02:00:59,712
Robert, we've given them an ace,
2019
02:00:59,795 --> 02:01:01,297
it's for them to play the hand.
2020
02:01:03,299 --> 02:01:04,717
You're aiming for the 6th?
2021
02:01:05,342 --> 02:01:07,678
Well, it's up to the CO
in the Pacific.
2022
02:01:09,221 --> 02:01:10,848
Should I come with you
to Washington?
2023
02:01:12,641 --> 02:01:13,768
What for?
2024
02:01:16,270 --> 02:01:17,813
Well, you'll keep me informed.
2025
02:01:19,148 --> 02:01:20,149
Of course.
2026
02:01:22,401 --> 02:01:23,569
As best I can.
2027
02:01:41,754 --> 02:01:44,423
Would the Japanese surrender
if they knew what was coming?
2028
02:01:45,674 --> 02:01:46,884
I don't know.
2029
02:01:49,637 --> 02:01:51,639
Have you seen Szilard's petition?
2030
02:01:51,722 --> 02:01:54,099
What the hell does Szilard know
about the Japanese?
2031
02:01:54,183 --> 02:01:55,518
You're not signing it, are you?
2032
02:01:56,519 --> 02:01:58,771
Many people have. A lot of people have.
2033
02:01:58,854 --> 02:02:00,022
Edward,
2034
02:02:01,482 --> 02:02:03,359
the fact that we built this bomb
2035
02:02:03,442 --> 02:02:06,070
does not give us any more right
or responsibility
2036
02:02:06,153 --> 02:02:08,364
to decide how it's used than anyone else.
2037
02:02:08,447 --> 02:02:10,491
But we're the only people
who know about it.
2038
02:02:11,075 --> 02:02:14,036
I've told Stimson the various opinions
of the community.
2039
02:02:14,119 --> 02:02:15,204
But what's your opinion?
2040
02:02:16,831 --> 02:02:18,040
Once it's used...
2041
02:02:19,333 --> 02:02:22,878
nuclear war, perhaps all war...
2042
02:02:24,463 --> 02:02:25,923
becomes unthinkable.
2043
02:02:26,507 --> 02:02:28,634
Until somebody builds a bigger bomb.
2044
02:02:49,613 --> 02:02:51,198
I thought they would call.
2045
02:02:51,282 --> 02:02:52,741
It's only the 5th.
2046
02:02:55,244 --> 02:02:56,912
In Japan, it's the 6th.
2047
02:03:09,967 --> 02:03:10,968
Charlotte.
2048
02:03:13,596 --> 02:03:15,055
Try Groves.
2049
02:03:16,098 --> 02:03:17,099
Anything?
2050
02:03:19,226 --> 02:03:20,769
Charlotte?
2051
02:03:20,853 --> 02:03:22,187
Truman's on the radio.
2052
02:03:23,355 --> 02:03:25,274
Sixteen hours ago,
2053
02:03:26,191 --> 02:03:31,322
an American airplane
dropped one bomb on Hiroshima...
2054
02:03:32,990 --> 02:03:36,118
...and destroyed
its usefulness to the enemy.
2055
02:03:38,287 --> 02:03:44,001
The bomb had more power
than 20, 000 lons of TN 7'.
2056
02:03:46,253 --> 02:03:48,172
It is an atomic bomb.
2057
02:03:51,008 --> 02:03:55,638
It is a harnessing
of the basic power of the universe.
2058
02:03:57,848 --> 02:03:58,849
Groves on one.
2059
02:03:58,933 --> 02:04:00,893
We are now prepared to destroy,
2060
02:04:00,976 --> 02:04:04,438
more rapidly and completely,
the Japanese-
2061
02:04:04,521 --> 02:04:06,273
General?
2062
02:04:06,357 --> 02:04:09,151
I'm very proud of you
and all of your people-
2063
02:04:09,234 --> 02:04:10,736
It went all right?
2064
02:04:10,819 --> 02:04:13,113
Apparently,
it went with a tremendous bang.
2065
02:04:14,365 --> 02:04:18,160
Well, everyone here
is feeling reasonably good about it.
2066
02:04:20,079 --> 02:04:21,538
It's been a long road.
2067
02:04:21,622 --> 02:04:24,208
I think one of the wisest things
I ever did
2068
02:04:24,291 --> 02:04:26,543
Was when I selected the director
of Los Alamos.
2069
02:04:29,755 --> 02:04:33,759
We have spent'
more than two billion dollars
2070
02:04:33,842 --> 02:04:37,554
on the greatest scientific gamble
in history,
2071
02:04:38,222 --> 02:04:40,099
and We have won.
2072
02:04:44,645 --> 02:05:04,373
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2073
02:06:08,312 --> 02:06:09,480
The world...
2074
02:06:11,356 --> 02:06:12,566
will remember this day.
2075
02:06:32,002 --> 02:06:33,504
It's too soon to-
2076
02:06:34,129 --> 02:06:37,883
It's too soon to determine
what the results of the bombing are.
2077
02:06:40,969 --> 02:06:42,763
But I'll bet the Japanese didn't like it.
2078
02:07:03,659 --> 02:07:05,202
I'm so proud.
2079
02:07:06,286 --> 02:07:08,205
So proud of what you have accomplished.
2080
02:07:15,879 --> 02:07:18,465
I just wish we had it in time
to use against the Germans.
2081
02:09:08,408 --> 02:09:09,743
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2082
02:09:10,869 --> 02:09:12,037
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2083
02:09:13,205 --> 02:09:14,289
Nice picture.
2084
02:09:15,040 --> 02:09:16,750
President Truman will see you now.
2085
02:09:31,056 --> 02:09:33,809
Dr. Oppenheimer. It's an honor.
2086
02:09:33,892 --> 02:09:35,769
- Mr. President.
- Please.
2087
02:09:35,852 --> 02:09:37,020
Thank you.
2088
02:09:37,646 --> 02:09:38,772
Secretary Byrnes.
2089
02:09:41,441 --> 02:09:44,152
How's it feel to be the most famous man
in the world?
2090
02:09:45,279 --> 02:09:47,948
You helped save a lot of American lives.
2091
02:09:48,615 --> 02:09:52,911
- What we did at Hiroshima was a-
- And Nagasaki.
2092
02:09:53,745 --> 02:09:54,997
Well, obviously.
2093
02:09:55,872 --> 02:09:58,959
Your invention
let us bring our boys home.
2094
02:09:59,042 --> 02:10:01,169
Well, it was hardly...
2095
02:10:01,253 --> 02:10:02,254
my invention.
2096
02:10:02,337 --> 02:10:04,464
It was you on the cover of Time.
2097
02:10:07,592 --> 02:10:11,263
Jim tells me you're concerned
about an arms race with the Soviets.
2098
02:10:11,346 --> 02:10:12,347
Oh, yes, uh...
2099
02:10:13,932 --> 02:10:15,225
Well, um...
2100
02:10:15,309 --> 02:10:16,643
It's that, uh,
2101
02:10:16,727 --> 02:10:19,813
now is our chance to secure...
2102
02:10:20,731 --> 02:10:23,567
international cooperation on...
... atomic energy
2103
02:10:23,650 --> 02:10:25,819
a- a-and I'm concerned-
2104
02:10:25,902 --> 02:10:28,780
Do you know when the Soviets
are gonna have the bomb?
2105
02:10:28,864 --> 02:10:30,699
I don't think I could give a precise-
2106
02:10:30,782 --> 02:10:32,034
Never.
2107
02:10:32,868 --> 02:10:34,411
Never.
2108
02:10:34,494 --> 02:10:37,789
Mr. President,
the Russians have good physicists
2109
02:10:37,873 --> 02:10:40,417
- a-a-and abundant resources.
- Abundant?
2110
02:10:40,500 --> 02:10:41,501
Yes.
2111
02:10:42,252 --> 02:10:44,296
I don't think so.
2112
02:10:44,379 --> 02:10:47,924
Well, they'll put everything they have in...
2113
02:10:51,762 --> 02:10:56,516
I hear you're leaving Los Alamos.
2114
02:10:56,600 --> 02:10:57,851
What should we do with it?
2115
02:10:57,934 --> 02:11:00,062
Give it back to the Indians.
2116
02:11:07,736 --> 02:11:10,989
Urn, Dr. Oppenheimer,
2117
02:11:11,073 --> 02:11:14,201
if what you say about the Soviets is true,
2118
02:11:14,284 --> 02:11:18,372
we have to build up Los Alamos,
not shut it down.
2119
02:11:22,084 --> 02:11:23,668
Mr. President...
2120
02:11:24,878 --> 02:11:26,004
Um...
2121
02:11:29,091 --> 02:11:32,803
I feel that I have blood on my hands.
2122
02:11:52,531 --> 02:11:57,786
You think anyone in Hiroshima or Nagasaki
2123
02:11:57,869 --> 02:12:00,789
gives a shit who built the bomb?
2124
02:12:04,126 --> 02:12:06,503
They care who dropped it.
2125
02:12:07,295 --> 02:12:08,296
I did.
2126
02:12:11,216 --> 02:12:13,677
Hiroshima isn't about you.
2127
02:12:20,142 --> 02:12:21,435
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2128
02:12:33,071 --> 02:12:35,282
Don't let that crybaby
back in here.
2129
02:12:40,912 --> 02:12:43,957
Robert saw that hand-wringing
got' him nowhere.
2130
02:12:44,791 --> 02:12:46,126
By the time I met him,
2131
02:12:46,209 --> 02:12:49,838
he'd fully embraced
his "father of the bomb reputation.
2132
02:12:49,921 --> 02:12:52,257
And he used his profile
to influence policy.
2133
02:13:01,183 --> 02:13:03,185
Doctor, in the years fol/owing the War,
2134
02:13:03,268 --> 02:13:05,353
would you say
that you exerted a great influence
2135
02:13:05,437 --> 02:13:07,314
on the atomic policies of the USA?
2136
02:13:07,397 --> 02:13:09,941
/ think great would be an ave/statement.
2137
02:13:10,025 --> 02:13:11,860
Really?
If we look at the issue of isotopes,
2138
02:13:11,943 --> 02:13:15,572
were you not personally responsible for
destroying all opposition to their export?
2139
02:13:15,655 --> 02:13:18,074
You could use a bottle of beer...
2140
02:13:18,158 --> 02:13:19,326
...when making atomic weapons.
2141
02:13:19,409 --> 02:13:20,410
In fact, you do.
2142
02:13:20,494 --> 02:13:21,870
I was the spokesman,
2143
02:13:21,953 --> 02:13:24,456
but the opinion among scientists
was unanimous.
2144
02:13:24,539 --> 02:13:27,626
All along with McCarthy on the rise,
he knew he was vulnerable.
2145
02:13:28,502 --> 02:13:32,172
His brother was blacklisted
by every university in the country.
2146
02:13:33,673 --> 02:13:36,801
Lomanitz wound up working
the railroad, laying track.
2147
02:13:38,512 --> 02:13:40,764
And Chevalier went into exile.
2148
02:13:42,599 --> 02:13:46,478
But none of that stopped Robert
from pushing the GAC
2149
02:13:46,561 --> 02:13:48,980
to recommend arms control
instead of the H-bomb.
2150
02:13:51,316 --> 02:13:54,569
He was devastated when Truman
rejected their recommendation.
2151
02:13:56,696 --> 02:13:58,365
I miss Richard more than I can bear.
2152
02:13:58,448 --> 02:14:00,450
I know, Ruth, I know.
2153
02:14:00,534 --> 02:14:03,620
Part of me's glad he didn't live to see
where this is all going.
2154
02:14:06,873 --> 02:14:08,792
Here comes the birthday boy.
2155
02:14:08,875 --> 02:14:10,001
To gloat.
2156
02:14:10,085 --> 02:14:11,795
Have fun.
2157
02:14:11,878 --> 02:14:13,838
Robert, uh, my son and his fiancee
2158
02:14:13,922 --> 02:14:16,258
are desperate to meet
the father of the atomic bomb, and so...
2159
02:14:16,341 --> 02:14:18,426
Well... good day.
2160
02:14:25,475 --> 02:14:26,768
Is this a bad time?
2161
02:14:27,435 --> 02:14:28,645
What do you think, Lewis?
2162
02:14:29,229 --> 02:14:31,356
Well, I think it must have been
a blow for you.
2163
02:14:31,439 --> 02:14:32,482
For the world.
2164
02:14:34,109 --> 02:14:37,112
The world? What does Fuchs mean
to the rest of the world?
2165
02:14:38,655 --> 02:14:40,073
Fuchs?
2166
02:14:40,156 --> 02:14:41,533
Klaus Fuchs?
2167
02:14:43,201 --> 02:14:45,412
Oh, dear. You haven't heard.
2168
02:14:48,623 --> 02:14:50,667
Klaus Fuchs, the British scientist
2169
02:14:50,750 --> 02:14:53,295
that you put onto the implosion team
at Los Alamos...
2170
02:14:54,629 --> 02:14:59,175
turns out he was spying for the Soviets
the whole time.
2171
02:14:59,259 --> 02:15:00,468
I'm sorry.
2172
02:15:06,141 --> 02:15:08,935
After the truth about Fuchs came out,
2173
02:15:09,019 --> 02:15:11,021
the FBI stepped up surveillance on him.
2174
02:15:11,104 --> 02:15:13,690
He knew his phone was tapped,
2175
02:15:13,773 --> 02:15:15,567
he was followed everywhere,
2176
02:15:16,359 --> 02:15:17,986
his trash picked through.
2177
02:15:21,197 --> 02:15:25,410
- But never stopped speaking his mind.
- A man of conviction.
2178
02:15:25,493 --> 02:15:28,413
And maybe he thought fame
could actually protect him.
2179
02:15:30,665 --> 02:15:33,543
When Eisenhower took office,
he saw one more chance.
2180
02:15:35,086 --> 02:15:36,087
He took it.
2181
02:15:36,171 --> 02:15:42,886
America and Russia may be likened
to two scorpions in a bottle,
2182
02:15:42,969 --> 02:15:49,225
each capable of killing the other,
but only at the risk of his own life.
2183
02:15:49,809 --> 02:15:51,936
Now, there are various aspects
of this policy-
2184
02:15:52,020 --> 02:15:57,025
Lot of scientists blame me,
but how was I supposed to protect him?
2185
02:15:57,108 --> 02:16:00,528
...are too secret for discussion,
candor is the only remedy.
2186
02:16:00,612 --> 02:16:04,199
Officials in Washington need to start
leveling with the American people.
2187
02:16:06,076 --> 02:16:08,745
That was the last straw
for Robert's enemies.
2188
02:16:08,828 --> 02:16:10,830
So he had to lose his security clearance?
2189
02:16:10,914 --> 02:16:13,500
And with it, his credibility.
2190
02:16:13,583 --> 02:16:15,835
But how could they do it?
2191
02:16:15,919 --> 02:16:19,005
He was a war hero.
He'd already told everyone about his past.
2192
02:16:19,089 --> 02:16:21,299
Borden dredged it all up.
2193
02:16:21,383 --> 02:16:24,552
How could Borden get access
to Oppenheimer's FBI file?
2194
02:16:24,636 --> 02:16:28,431
- Could it have been Nichols?
- No, I can't imagine he'd do that.
2195
02:16:28,515 --> 02:16:30,517
But whoever did unleashed a firestorm
2196
02:16:30,600 --> 02:16:34,979
that burned a path from the White House
back to my desk at the AEC.
2197
02:16:35,480 --> 02:16:37,107
You see him in there, right?
2198
02:16:37,857 --> 02:16:40,151
I've worked my whole life to get here,
2199
02:16:40,944 --> 02:16:43,154
Cabinet of the United States of America,
2200
02:16:43,238 --> 02:16:46,783
and now, in front of the entire country,
they're gonna put me back in my place.
2201
02:16:48,618 --> 02:16:50,286
A lowly shoe salesman.
2202
02:16:50,995 --> 02:16:53,123
Lewis, we can win this thing.
2203
02:16:53,206 --> 02:16:56,292
- I think we can get the Senate
to grasp that you did your duty,
2204
02:16:56,376 --> 02:16:58,002
painful though it was.
2205
02:16:58,086 --> 02:17:00,547
- Now, will Hill's testimony back us up?
- Hill will be fine.
2206
02:17:00,630 --> 02:17:01,631
I don't really know him,
2207
02:17:01,715 --> 02:17:04,008
but he was one of Szilard's boys
in Chicago,
2208
02:17:04,092 --> 02:17:05,593
and they never forgave Robert
2209
02:17:05,677 --> 02:17:07,971
for not supporting the petition
against bombing Japan.
2210
02:17:09,222 --> 02:17:12,684
This was taken
31 days after the bombing.
2211
02:17:13,601 --> 02:17:17,897
Virtually everyone in the street
for nearly a mile around,
2212
02:17:18,606 --> 02:17:21,776
was instantly and seriously burned.
2213
02:17:23,027 --> 02:17:27,782
The Japanese spoke of people
who wore striped clothing
2214
02:17:27,866 --> 02:17:30,493
upon whom, the skin was burned in stripes.
2215
02:17:31,661 --> 02:17:34,205
There were many
who thought themselves lucky,
2216
02:17:34,289 --> 02:17:38,168
who climbed out of the ruins
of their homes, only slightly injured.
2217
02:17:39,919 --> 02:17:41,463
But they died anyway.
2218
02:17:42,422 --> 02:17:46,760
They died days or weeks later
from the radium-like rays
2219
02:17:46,843 --> 02:17:50,722
emitted in great numbers
at the moment of the explosion.
2220
02:17:52,056 --> 02:17:54,142
Did you read
this crap in the papers?
2221
02:17:54,225 --> 02:17:56,227
A British physicist is saying
2222
02:17:56,311 --> 02:17:59,230
the atomic bombings
were not the last act of World War ll,
2223
02:17:59,314 --> 02:18:02,192
but the first act of this cold war
with Russia.
2224
02:18:02,275 --> 02:18:03,693
Which physicist?
2225
02:18:03,777 --> 02:18:06,446
I think you knew him.
Patrick Blackett.
2226
02:18:09,324 --> 02:18:10,825
He may not be wrong.
2227
02:18:10,909 --> 02:18:12,368
Stimson is now telling me
2228
02:18:12,452 --> 02:18:15,622
we bombed an enemy
that was essentially defeated.
2229
02:18:15,705 --> 02:18:18,208
Robert, you've all the influence now.
2230
02:18:19,042 --> 02:18:20,585
Please.
2231
02:18:20,668 --> 02:18:22,962
Urge them to continue my research
on the Super.
2232
02:18:23,046 --> 02:18:25,173
I neither can nor will, Edward.
2233
02:18:25,256 --> 02:18:26,591
Why not?
2234
02:18:26,674 --> 02:18:28,134
It's not the right use of our resources.
2235
02:18:28,218 --> 02:18:30,303
Is that what you really believe?
2236
02:18:31,095 --> 02:18:35,058
J. Robert Oppenheimer.
Sphinx-like guru of the atom.
2237
02:18:36,392 --> 02:18:38,019
Nobody knows what you believe.
2238
02:18:39,229 --> 02:18:41,022
Do you? Hmm?
2239
02:18:41,523 --> 02:18:43,983
One final time,
our program director,
2240
02:18:44,067 --> 02:18:45,735
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
2241
02:18:47,403 --> 02:18:49,614
I hope that, in years to come,
2242
02:18:49,697 --> 02:18:52,242
you will look back on your work
here with pride.
2243
02:18:53,034 --> 02:18:57,330
But today that pride must be tempered
with a profound concern.
2244
02:18:59,165 --> 02:19:02,794
If atomic weapons are to be added
to the arsenals of a warring world,
2245
02:19:04,254 --> 02:19:08,508
then the day will come when people
will curse the name of Los Alamos.
2246
02:19:12,762 --> 02:19:15,348
Sorry, Admiral. Stopped off to get this.
2247
02:19:16,516 --> 02:19:18,476
It seems pretty favorable.
2248
02:19:19,269 --> 02:19:21,729
There's Oppenheimer. What's the caption?
2249
02:19:21,813 --> 02:19:24,607
Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer,
Strauss fought...
2250
02:19:26,442 --> 02:19:27,694
and the US won. "
2251
02:19:28,862 --> 02:19:29,863
That'll work.
2252
02:19:29,946 --> 02:19:32,365
Those were your words from the other day.
2253
02:19:32,448 --> 02:19:33,700
We needed to pivot.
2254
02:19:34,325 --> 02:19:36,911
But how would you know what
Time magazine's gonna write?
2255
02:19:36,995 --> 02:19:38,580
Henry Luce is a friend.
2256
02:19:46,546 --> 02:19:48,756
You sat here
and let me tell you how it's done,
2257
02:19:49,507 --> 02:19:51,634
but you've been far ahead all along.
2258
02:19:51,718 --> 02:19:54,053
Survival in Washington
2259
02:19:54,929 --> 02:19:57,140
is about knowing how to get things done.
2260
02:19:57,640 --> 02:19:58,641
Right.
2261
02:20:00,768 --> 02:20:02,604
What was it you said about Borden?
2262
02:20:02,687 --> 02:20:04,772
"Why get caught
holding the knife yourself?"
2263
02:20:06,900 --> 02:20:09,944
I'm beginning to think Borden
was holding the knife for you.
2264
02:20:12,447 --> 02:20:16,659
It's gonna come down to how much influence
Borden's been able to exert on Teller.
2265
02:20:17,869 --> 02:20:19,203
Did I say something funny?
2266
02:20:19,287 --> 02:20:23,875
Just "Borden, Borden, Borden"
when we all know that it's Strauss.
2267
02:20:23,958 --> 02:20:26,419
Lewis brought me to Princeton, Kitty.
2268
02:20:26,502 --> 02:20:29,213
And then you humiliated him
in front of Congress.
2269
02:20:29,297 --> 02:20:31,799
But more useful than a sandwich.
2270
02:20:35,053 --> 02:20:36,054
How'd I do?
2271
02:20:37,305 --> 02:20:39,098
Maybe a little too well, Robert.
2272
02:20:39,182 --> 02:20:40,725
That was six years ago.
2273
02:20:40,808 --> 02:20:44,354
You know the truly vindictive,
patient as saints.
2274
02:20:44,437 --> 02:20:47,106
Strauss has been perfectly clear
that he is neutral.
2275
02:20:47,190 --> 02:20:50,652
Wake up! It is Strauss!
2276
02:20:50,735 --> 02:20:53,696
It's always been Strauss, and you know it.
2277
02:20:53,780 --> 02:20:55,406
Why won't you fight him?
2278
02:20:56,115 --> 02:20:57,283
Christ's sake.
2279
02:20:58,660 --> 02:21:02,455
It wasn't Nichols, or Hoover,
or one of Truman's guys.
2280
02:21:02,538 --> 02:21:04,916
It was you. You gave the file to Borden.
2281
02:21:04,999 --> 02:21:07,293
You set him on Oppenheimer.
You convinced him to-
2282
02:21:07,377 --> 02:21:11,798
Borden didn't take any convincing.
2283
02:21:11,881 --> 02:21:13,716
Take your time, use the entire file.
2284
02:21:13,800 --> 02:21:16,135
Write up your conclusions,
send them to the FBI.
2285
02:21:16,219 --> 02:21:20,556
The material is obviously extensive,
but there's nothing new here.
2286
02:21:20,640 --> 02:21:22,725
Your conclusions will be.
2287
02:21:22,809 --> 02:21:24,852
And they'll have to be answered.
2288
02:21:24,936 --> 02:21:26,688
Hoover passes them to McCarthy?
2289
02:21:26,771 --> 02:21:30,149
Oppenheimer's too slippery
for that self-promoting clown.
2290
02:21:30,233 --> 02:21:33,027
I've talked it over with Hoover,
he'll hold McCarthy at bay
2291
02:21:33,111 --> 02:21:34,779
while you do this with the AEC.
2292
02:21:34,862 --> 02:21:35,989
A trial.
2293
02:21:36,072 --> 02:21:37,365
No. No trial.
2294
02:21:37,448 --> 02:21:40,201
You can't give Oppenheimer a platform.
2295
02:21:40,284 --> 02:21:42,120
You can't martyr him.
2296
02:21:42,203 --> 02:21:45,456
We need a systematic destruction
of Oppenheimer's credibility
2297
02:21:45,540 --> 02:21:48,876
so he can never again speak
on matters of national security.
2298
02:21:49,669 --> 02:21:50,670
Then what?
2299
02:21:52,338 --> 02:21:55,633
A shabby little room,
far from the limelight.
2300
02:22:01,431 --> 02:22:03,474
A simple, bureaucratic procedure.
2301
02:22:03,558 --> 02:22:05,893
His Q clearance is up for renewal.
2302
02:22:05,977 --> 02:22:08,604
You send your accusations to the FBI...
2303
02:22:10,898 --> 02:22:13,985
Hoover sends them to the AEC,
you're forced to act.
2304
02:22:15,028 --> 02:22:16,279
You write up an indictment.
2305
02:22:16,362 --> 02:22:20,324
You tell Oppenheimer his security
clearance is not being renewed.
2306
02:22:20,408 --> 02:22:22,368
But offer him the chance to appeal.
2307
02:22:22,452 --> 02:22:24,746
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
2308
02:22:24,829 --> 02:22:27,165
- May I keep this?
- No.
2309
02:22:27,248 --> 02:22:30,960
If you do decide to appeal,
they'll have to send you a copy.
2310
02:22:31,044 --> 02:22:34,672
When he appeals, and trust me, he will,
2311
02:22:34,756 --> 02:22:36,758
- I appoint a board.
{chattering}
2312
02:22:36,841 --> 02:22:39,552
They will, of course, have counsel.
2313
02:22:39,635 --> 02:22:41,304
- Prosecutor?
- In all but name.
2314
02:22:41,387 --> 02:22:43,306
- Who?
- Roger Robb.
2315
02:22:43,389 --> 02:22:44,390
Ouch.
2316
02:22:44,474 --> 02:22:47,685
Robb will have security clearance
to examine Oppenheimer's file.
2317
02:22:47,769 --> 02:22:49,103
As will the Gray board
2318
02:22:49,187 --> 02:22:50,438
Defense counsel will not.
2319
02:22:51,731 --> 02:22:53,024
A closed hearing.
2320
02:22:53,107 --> 02:22:57,278
"The so-called and derogatory information
in your indictment of me... "
2321
02:22:57,361 --> 02:23:00,907
No audience.
No reporters. No burden of proof.
2322
02:23:01,491 --> 02:23:02,992
No burden of proof?
2323
02:23:04,619 --> 02:23:05,787
We're not convicting.
2324
02:23:06,871 --> 02:23:08,498
We're just denying.
2325
02:23:14,295 --> 02:23:16,255
What is it you said?
2326
02:23:17,131 --> 02:23:20,468
"This is just how the game is played. "
2327
02:23:21,177 --> 02:23:22,929
Well, forgive my naivete.
2328
02:23:23,596 --> 02:23:27,266
Amateurs seek the sun... get eaten.
2329
02:23:28,601 --> 02:23:31,646
Power stays in the shadows.
2330
02:23:31,729 --> 02:23:34,690
But, sir, you're out of the shadows now.
2331
02:23:34,774 --> 02:23:36,734
Yeah, that's why this has to work.
2332
02:23:36,818 --> 02:23:37,985
Well...
2333
02:23:39,695 --> 02:23:42,365
Teller's testifying this morning.
That'll help.
2334
02:23:42,448 --> 02:23:43,950
And then...
2335
02:23:44,033 --> 02:23:45,409
Hill is in the afternoon.
2336
02:23:45,493 --> 02:23:47,120
Hill is gonna help us too.
2337
02:23:50,206 --> 02:23:52,834
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
2338
02:23:53,501 --> 02:23:55,169
- May I keep this?
- No.
2339
02:23:57,672 --> 02:24:02,635
If you do decide to appeal,
then they'll have to send you a copy.
2340
02:24:06,055 --> 02:24:08,141
Take my car and driver. I insist.
2341
02:24:13,020 --> 02:24:14,981
I'll have to consult my lawyers, Lewis.
2342
02:24:15,064 --> 02:24:17,775
Of course. But don't take too long.
2343
02:24:17,859 --> 02:24:19,902
I can't keep Nichols at bay.
2344
02:24:26,159 --> 02:24:28,369
I'm sorry it's come to this, Robert.
2345
02:24:28,452 --> 02:24:29,912
I think it's wrong.
2346
02:24:42,967 --> 02:24:46,429
Nichols Wants me to fight
so he can get it all on the record.
2347
02:24:46,512 --> 02:24:48,264
Strauss wants me to walk away.
2348
02:24:48,347 --> 02:24:53,019
Strauss knows that you can't do that.
You'd be accepting the charges.
2349
02:24:53,686 --> 02:24:55,229
You'll lose your job.
2350
02:24:55,313 --> 02:24:58,232
You will lose your reputation.
We'll lose our house.
2351
02:24:58,316 --> 02:24:59,984
Robert, we have to fight.
2352
02:25:03,070 --> 02:25:05,156
As AEC counsel,
I can't represent you.
2353
02:25:05,239 --> 02:25:06,782
I'll call Lloyd Garrison.
2354
02:25:07,366 --> 02:25:09,577
- He's good.
- The best, but...
2355
02:25:10,578 --> 02:25:11,704
I have to warn you...
2356
02:25:13,372 --> 02:25:15,416
this won't be a fair fight.
2357
02:25:15,499 --> 02:25:18,044
During your interview
with Boris Pash in 1943,
2358
02:25:18,127 --> 02:25:19,754
did you refer to microfilm?
2359
02:25:19,837 --> 02:25:23,007
- No.
- Tab 11, page one, paragraph three.
2360
02:25:23,090 --> 02:25:24,467
You never said, "Man of the consulate
2361
02:25:24,550 --> 02:25:26,510
expert in the use of microfilm. "
2362
02:25:26,594 --> 02:25:27,637
- I'm sorry.
- No.
2363
02:25:27,720 --> 02:25:29,889
I would like to know what document
Mr. Robb is quoting from
2364
02:25:29,972 --> 02:25:31,933
and if we might be furnished with a copy.
2365
02:25:32,016 --> 02:25:33,809
The document is classified, Mr. Garrison.
2366
02:25:33,893 --> 02:25:36,062
I think we should get back
to firsthand information.
2367
02:25:36,145 --> 02:25:38,814
- This is firsthand.
- How so, Roger?
2368
02:25:40,775 --> 02:25:42,151
There was a recording of the interview.
2369
02:25:46,948 --> 02:25:49,867
You let my client sit here
and potentially perjure himself
2370
02:25:49,951 --> 02:25:52,411
and all this time, you had a recording?
2371
02:25:52,495 --> 02:25:55,122
Nobody told your client
to misrepresent his former answers.
2372
02:25:55,206 --> 02:25:57,333
Misrepres-
It was 12 years ago.
2373
02:25:57,416 --> 02:25:58,668
Can we hear this recording?
2374
02:25:58,751 --> 02:26:00,169
You don't have the clearance,
Mr. Garrison.
2375
02:26:00,253 --> 02:26:03,256
- But you're reading it into the record.
- Please, please.
2376
02:26:03,339 --> 02:26:07,176
Is this proceeding interested
in entrapment or in truth?
2377
02:26:07,260 --> 02:26:11,097
If it's truth, where's the disclosure?
Where's the witness list?
2378
02:26:11,180 --> 02:26:13,891
Mr. Garrison, this isn't a trial,
as you're well aware.
2379
02:26:13,975 --> 02:26:18,145
Evidentiary rules do not apply.
We are dealing with national security.
2380
02:26:18,229 --> 02:26:19,438
Yes, sir, with all due respect,
2381
02:26:19,522 --> 02:26:22,900
I fail to see how national security
prevents the prosecution
2382
02:26:22,984 --> 02:26:25,903
- from providing us a list of witnesses.
- Perhaps we are in need of a brief recess.
2383
02:26:25,987 --> 02:26:28,030
Gentlemen, you have my words.
2384
02:26:28,114 --> 02:26:30,950
If you say they're from a transcript,
then I'll accept it.
2385
02:26:31,033 --> 02:26:33,744
I've already explained
I made up a cock-and-bull story.
2386
02:26:33,828 --> 02:26:36,914
But why would anyone
make up such an elaborate story?
2387
02:26:36,998 --> 02:26:38,457
Because I was an idiot.
2388
02:26:39,166 --> 02:26:40,793
Why lie?
2389
02:26:40,876 --> 02:26:44,797
Well, clearly with the intention
of not revealing who the intermediary was.
2390
02:26:44,880 --> 02:26:47,425
Your friend, Haakon Chevalier,
the communist?
2391
02:26:47,508 --> 02:26:48,759
Is he still your friend?
2392
02:26:49,760 --> 02:26:50,803
Yes.
2393
02:26:54,056 --> 02:26:56,183
Dr. Rabi, thank you for coming.
2394
02:26:56,267 --> 02:26:58,060
Do you know who else
the prosecution has called?
2395
02:26:58,144 --> 02:27:00,354
Teller, obviously.
2396
02:27:01,355 --> 02:27:03,691
- They've asked Lawrence.
- What did he say?
2397
02:27:03,774 --> 02:27:07,069
- He wasn't going to help them, but...
- But?
2398
02:27:07,653 --> 02:27:12,116
Strauss told him that you and Ruth Tolman
have been having an affair for years.
2399
02:27:12,199 --> 02:27:14,577
The whole time you lived with them
in Pasadena.
2400
02:27:14,660 --> 02:27:18,039
He convinced Lawrence
that Richard died of a broken heart.
2401
02:27:18,122 --> 02:27:19,957
- That's absurd.
- What part?
2402
02:27:20,041 --> 02:27:21,834
The broken heart.
2403
02:27:21,917 --> 02:27:22,960
Richard never found out.
2404
02:27:24,337 --> 02:27:25,671
Is Lawrence gonna testify?
2405
02:27:25,755 --> 02:27:26,881
I don't know.
2406
02:27:27,798 --> 02:27:32,511
Dr. Rabi, what governmental
positions do you currently hold?
2407
02:27:32,595 --> 02:27:36,474
I am the chairman of
the General Advisory Committee to the AEC,
2408
02:27:36,557 --> 02:27:38,351
succeeding Dr. Oppenheimer.
2409
02:27:38,434 --> 02:27:40,561
And how long have you known
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2410
02:27:41,270 --> 02:27:43,522
Since 1928. I...
2411
02:27:43,606 --> 02:27:45,107
I know him quite well.
2412
02:27:45,191 --> 02:27:49,737
Well enough to speak to the bearing
of his loyalty and character?
2413
02:27:49,820 --> 02:27:53,240
Dr. Oppenheimer is a man
of upstanding character.
2414
02:27:53,866 --> 02:27:57,620
And he is loyal to the United States,
to his friends,
2415
02:27:57,703 --> 02:27:59,955
to the institutions of which he is part.
2416
02:28:01,791 --> 02:28:03,042
Eat.
2417
02:28:22,061 --> 02:28:24,313
{Oppenheimer} What was that?
- Nothing to worry about.
2418
02:28:27,566 --> 02:28:29,485
After the Russian A-bomb test,
2419
02:28:29,568 --> 02:28:32,196
did Dr. Lawrence come to see you
about the hydrogen bomb?
2420
02:28:32,279 --> 02:28:33,864
You'd be better off asking him.
2421
02:28:33,948 --> 02:28:35,491
Well, I fully intend to.
2422
02:28:36,325 --> 02:28:40,246
Would you say that Dr. Oppenheimer
was unalterably opposed to the H-bomb?
2423
02:28:40,329 --> 02:28:43,332
No, he thought that a fusion program
2424
02:28:43,416 --> 02:28:46,168
would come at the expense
of our awfully good fission program.
2425
02:28:46,252 --> 02:28:50,172
- But that proved not to be the case.
- In the event, both could be done.
2426
02:28:50,256 --> 02:28:52,925
Suppose that this board
did not feel satisfied that,
2427
02:28:53,008 --> 02:28:57,012
in his testimony here,
Dr. Oppenheimer had been wholly truthful.
2428
02:28:57,096 --> 02:28:59,181
What would you say whether or not
he should be cleared?
2429
02:28:59,265 --> 02:29:01,559
Why go through all this against a man
2430
02:29:01,642 --> 02:29:03,686
who has accomplished
what Dr. Oppenheimer has?
2431
02:29:03,769 --> 02:29:05,312
Look at his record.
2432
02:29:05,396 --> 02:29:07,648
We have an A-bomb
and a whole series of it.
2433
02:29:07,731 --> 02:29:09,567
We have a whole series of Super bombs.
2434
02:29:09,650 --> 02:29:12,194
What more do you want? Mermaids?
2435
02:29:12,736 --> 02:29:16,323
Bu! I've known Secretary Strauss
for many years,
2436
02:29:16,407 --> 02:29:19,869
and I feel it a necessity
to express the warm support
2437
02:29:19,952 --> 02:29:22,371
for science and scientists
Lewis has shown.
2438
02:29:22,455 --> 02:29:25,332
We'll break now,
unless there's any immediate business.
2439
02:29:25,416 --> 02:29:28,210
Senator, I'd like to once again request
2440
02:29:28,294 --> 02:29:31,005
that we're furnished
with a list of witnesses.
2441
02:29:31,088 --> 02:29:32,798
And I will remind the nominee
2442
02:29:32,882 --> 02:29:35,509
that we don't always have
that information in advance.
2443
02:29:35,593 --> 02:29:38,679
We do know that Dr. Hill
will be here after lunch.
2444
02:29:38,762 --> 02:29:41,515
Mr. Chairman,
our next scheduled witness, Dr. Lawrence,
2445
02:29:41,599 --> 02:29:44,393
has apparently come down with colitis.
2446
02:29:47,730 --> 02:29:50,107
So we'll proceed
with William Borden instead.
2447
02:29:51,066 --> 02:29:53,819
Mr. Borden, welcome. Please take a seat.
2448
02:29:55,154 --> 02:29:59,867
Mr. Borden, during your investigation
into Dr. Oppenheimer,
2449
02:29:59,950 --> 02:30:02,912
- did you reach certain conclusions?
- I did.
2450
02:30:02,995 --> 02:30:05,581
And did there come a time
when you expressed those conclusions
2451
02:30:05,664 --> 02:30:09,084
in a letter to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover
of the Federal Bureau of Investigation?
2452
02:30:09,168 --> 02:30:11,462
- That is correct.
- Prior to the writing of the letter,
2453
02:30:11,545 --> 02:30:13,839
did you discuss the writing of the letter
with anybody attached
2454
02:30:13,923 --> 02:30:15,591
to the Atomic Energy Commission?
2455
02:30:15,674 --> 02:30:17,843
- I did not.
- Do you have a copy of the letter?
2456
02:30:17,927 --> 02:30:18,969
I have one in front of me.
2457
02:30:19,053 --> 02:30:21,347
Would you please be so kind
as to read it, sir?
2458
02:30:22,014 --> 02:30:24,850
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
the purpose of this letter is to state"-
2459
02:30:24,934 --> 02:30:27,728
I'm sorry, I'm sorry, if I could have a-
2460
02:30:27,811 --> 02:30:31,065
What is the purpose of the delay?
He's simply gonna read the letter.
2461
02:30:31,148 --> 02:30:34,401
Mr. Chairman, this is
the first I've seen of this letter,
2462
02:30:34,485 --> 02:30:37,446
and I see statements here, at least one,
2463
02:30:37,530 --> 02:30:40,032
of a kind that I don't think anyone
would like to see go into the record.
2464
02:30:40,115 --> 02:30:42,743
These are accusations
that have not previously been made.
2465
02:30:42,826 --> 02:30:44,662
That are not part of the indictment
from Nichols.
2466
02:30:44,745 --> 02:30:47,081
Accusations of a kind
that I don't think belong here.
2467
02:30:47,164 --> 02:30:49,250
The witness wrote this letter
on his own initiative,
2468
02:30:49,333 --> 02:30:51,627
laying out evidence
that has already been before the board.
2469
02:30:51,710 --> 02:30:53,379
His conclusions are valid testimony,
2470
02:30:53,462 --> 02:30:56,715
just like the positive conclusions
of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer.
2471
02:30:56,799 --> 02:30:58,342
It cuts both ways.
2472
02:30:58,425 --> 02:31:00,553
How long has counsel
been in possession of this letter?
2473
02:31:00,636 --> 02:31:04,557
I don't think I should be subject
to cross-examination by you, Mr. Garrison.
2474
02:31:04,640 --> 02:31:07,726
Mr. Garrison, given that we
on the board have all read the letter,
2475
02:31:07,810 --> 02:31:10,145
wouldn't it be better
to have it in the record?
2476
02:31:10,229 --> 02:31:11,772
Let's proceed.
2477
02:31:13,691 --> 02:31:15,317
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
2478
02:31:15,401 --> 02:31:18,445
the purpose of this letter
is to state my opinion
2479
02:31:18,529 --> 02:31:22,700
based upon years of study
of the available classified evidence,
2480
02:31:22,783 --> 02:31:24,785
that more probably than not
2481
02:31:24,868 --> 02:31:29,707
J. Robert Oppenheimer
is an agent of the Soviet Union.
2482
02:31:29,790 --> 02:31:32,209
The following conclusions are justified.
2483
02:31:32,293 --> 02:31:36,630
One, between 1929 and 1942,
more probably than not,
2484
02:31:36,714 --> 02:31:40,551
J. Robert Oppenheimer
was a sufficiently hardened communist,
2485
02:31:40,634 --> 02:31:43,012
that he volunteered information
to the Soviets.
2486
02:31:43,095 --> 02:31:45,431
Two, more probably than not,
2487
02:31:45,514 --> 02:31:49,143
he has since been functioning
as an espionage agent.
2488
02:31:49,810 --> 02:31:52,313
Three, more probably than not,
2489
02:31:52,396 --> 02:31:54,982
he has since acted
under a Soviet directive
2490
02:31:55,065 --> 02:31:57,860
in influencing
United States military policy"...
2491
02:31:57,943 --> 02:32:00,195
- I'm sorry, Robert.
- ... "atomic energy, intelligence"...
2492
02:32:00,279 --> 02:32:05,159
Is anyone ever going to tell the truth
about what's happening here?
2493
02:32:05,242 --> 02:32:08,078
We will now hear from Dr. David Hill.
2494
02:32:18,380 --> 02:32:21,383
Dr. Hill, would you care
to make a statement?
2495
02:32:23,385 --> 02:32:24,386
Thank you.
2496
02:32:24,470 --> 02:32:28,474
I've been asked to testify
about Lewis Strauss.
2497
02:32:28,557 --> 02:32:33,812
A man who has given years of service
in high positions of government
2498
02:32:33,896 --> 02:32:38,651
and who is known to be earnest,
hardworking and intelligent.
2499
02:32:39,818 --> 02:32:42,321
The views I have to express are my own,
2500
02:32:42,404 --> 02:32:45,157
but I believe that much I have to say
will help to indicate
2501
02:32:45,240 --> 02:32:48,702
why most of the scientists in this country
2502
02:32:48,786 --> 02:32:53,582
would prefer to see Mr. Strauss
completely out of government.
2503
02:32:55,751 --> 02:32:59,672
You're referring to the hostility
of certain scientists
2504
02:32:59,755 --> 02:33:03,467
directed toward Mr. Strauss
because of his commitment to security,
2505
02:33:03,550 --> 02:33:06,261
as demonstrated in the Oppenheimer affair?
2506
02:33:08,722 --> 02:33:09,723
No.
2507
02:33:10,516 --> 02:33:15,062
Because of the personal vindictiveness
he demonstrated against Dr. Oppenheimer.
2508
02:33:16,814 --> 02:33:20,025
Order.
2509
02:33:20,609 --> 02:33:24,113
It appears to most scientists
around this country
2510
02:33:25,406 --> 02:33:28,242
that Robert Oppenheimer
is now being pilloried
2511
02:33:28,325 --> 02:33:32,746
and put through an ordeal
because he expressed his honest opinions.
2512
02:33:32,830 --> 02:33:36,041
Dr. Bush, I thought I was performing
a service to my country
2513
02:33:36,125 --> 02:33:37,251
when hearing this case.
2514
02:33:37,334 --> 02:33:41,839
No board in this country
should sit in judgment of a man
2515
02:33:41,922 --> 02:33:44,007
because he expressed strong opinions.
2516
02:33:44,091 --> 02:33:46,760
If you wanna try that case,
you should try me.
2517
02:33:47,261 --> 02:33:50,472
Excuse me, gentlemen, if I become stirred.
2518
02:33:51,348 --> 02:33:52,349
But I am.
2519
02:33:52,933 --> 02:33:56,812
Dr. Hill, we've already heard that
Mr. Strauss did not bring the charges,
2520
02:33:56,895 --> 02:33:59,857
or participate in the hearings
against Dr. Oppenheimer.
2521
02:33:59,940 --> 02:34:04,611
The Oppenheimer matter
was initiated and carried through
2522
02:34:04,695 --> 02:34:07,156
largely through the animus
of Lewis Strauss.
2523
02:34:08,699 --> 02:34:11,577
Oppenheimer made mincemeat
out of Strauss's position
2524
02:34:11,660 --> 02:34:13,704
on the shipment of isotopes to Norway,
2525
02:34:13,787 --> 02:34:17,291
and Strauss never forgave him
this public humiliation.
2526
02:34:17,958 --> 02:34:21,211
Another controversy between them centered
around their differences in judgment
2527
02:34:21,295 --> 02:34:24,381
on how the H-bomb
would contribute to national security.
2528
02:34:24,465 --> 02:34:26,925
Strauss turned
to the personnel security system
2529
02:34:27,009 --> 02:34:30,596
in order to destroy
Oppenheimer's effectiveness.
2530
02:34:30,679 --> 02:34:33,557
And Strauss was able
to find a few ambitious men
2531
02:34:33,640 --> 02:34:36,393
who also disagreed
with Oppenheimer's positions
2532
02:34:36,477 --> 02:34:39,855
and envied him
his prestige in government circles.
2533
02:34:39,938 --> 02:34:44,026
I've always assumed, and still assume,
that he's loyal to the United States.
2534
02:34:44,651 --> 02:34:45,652
I believe this.
2535
02:34:45,736 --> 02:34:49,156
And I shall believe it until I see
very conclusive proof to the opposite.
2536
02:34:49,239 --> 02:34:52,951
Do you, or do you not, believe that
Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk?
2537
02:34:56,830 --> 02:34:58,123
In a great number of cases,
2538
02:34:58,207 --> 02:35:01,543
I have seen Dr. Oppenheimer
act in a way which was, to me,
2539
02:35:01,627 --> 02:35:03,545
exceedingly hard to understand.
2540
02:35:03,629 --> 02:35:06,215
I thoroughly disagreed with him
in numerous issues,
2541
02:35:06,298 --> 02:35:09,718
and his actions, frankly,
appeared to me confused and complicated.
2542
02:35:09,802 --> 02:35:11,512
To this extent, I feel,
2543
02:35:11,595 --> 02:35:14,556
I want to see the vital interests
of this country
2544
02:35:14,640 --> 02:35:16,725
in hands which I understand better,
2545
02:35:16,809 --> 02:35:18,644
and therefore trust more.
2546
02:35:19,478 --> 02:35:21,230
- Thank you, Doctor.
- Thank you.
2547
02:35:24,983 --> 02:35:26,068
I'm sorry.
2548
02:35:28,862 --> 02:35:31,114
You shook his fucking hand?
2549
02:35:31,990 --> 02:35:33,992
Oh, I would have spit in his face.
2550
02:35:34,076 --> 02:35:35,994
Not sure the board
would have appreciated that.
2551
02:35:36,078 --> 02:35:37,955
Is it not gentlemanly enough for you?
2552
02:35:38,038 --> 02:35:40,624
I think you're all being
too goddamn gentlemanly.
2553
02:35:40,707 --> 02:35:42,626
Gray must see what Robb is doing.
2554
02:35:42,709 --> 02:35:44,545
Why doesn't he just shut him down?
2555
02:35:44,628 --> 02:35:47,214
And you shaking Teller's hand.
2556
02:35:47,297 --> 02:35:50,342
You need to stop playing the martyr.
2557
02:35:51,134 --> 02:35:56,098
Under the current AEC guidelines,
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
2558
02:36:02,104 --> 02:36:06,650
Under my interpretation
of the Atomic Energy Act,
2559
02:36:06,733 --> 02:36:11,321
which did not exist
when I hired Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942,
2560
02:36:12,614 --> 02:36:18,120
I would not clear him today
if I were on the commission.
2561
02:36:18,203 --> 02:36:19,746
Good, thank you, General, that is all.
2562
02:36:19,830 --> 02:36:22,332
But I don't think
I'd clear any of those guys.
2563
02:36:22,416 --> 02:36:23,417
That's all.
2564
02:36:26,503 --> 02:36:28,630
Dr. Oppenheimer had no responsibility
2565
02:36:28,714 --> 02:36:31,216
in the selection or the clearance
of Klaus Fuchs, did he?
2566
02:36:31,300 --> 02:36:32,551
No. None at all.
2567
02:36:32,634 --> 02:36:35,804
And you wouldn't want to leave this board
with any suggestion today
2568
02:36:35,888 --> 02:36:39,016
that you're here questioning
his basic loyalty to the United States
2569
02:36:39,099 --> 02:36:40,601
and the operation of Los Alamos.
2570
02:36:40,684 --> 02:36:42,019
By no means.
2571
02:36:42,102 --> 02:36:45,022
I hope I didn't lead anyone
to believe otherwise for an instant.
2572
02:36:46,315 --> 02:36:47,524
Thank you, General.
2573
02:37:05,042 --> 02:37:07,169
Okay. We shouldn't keep them waiting.
2574
02:37:07,252 --> 02:37:08,253
She'll be here.
2575
02:37:08,754 --> 02:37:10,047
Do you even want her here?
2576
02:37:10,631 --> 02:37:12,549
Only a fool or an adolescent
2577
02:37:12,633 --> 02:37:14,676
presumes to know
someone else's relationship,
2578
02:37:14,760 --> 02:37:16,678
and you're neither, Lloyd.
2579
02:37:19,389 --> 02:37:22,142
Kitty and I, we're grown-ups.
2580
02:37:23,226 --> 02:37:25,312
We've Walked through fire together.
2581
02:37:25,896 --> 02:37:27,147
She'll do fine.
2582
02:37:28,065 --> 02:37:32,235
Would you describe your views
on communism as pro, anti, neutral?
2583
02:37:32,319 --> 02:37:33,403
Very strongly against.
2584
02:37:33,487 --> 02:37:38,033
I've had nothing to do with communism
since 1936, since...
2585
02:37:39,159 --> 02:37:40,994
since before I met Robert.
2586
02:37:42,788 --> 02:37:43,914
That's all.
2587
02:37:44,998 --> 02:37:46,750
The record demonstrates that Oppenheimer
2588
02:37:46,833 --> 02:37:50,045
Was not interrogated
by impartial and disinterested counsel
2589
02:37:50,128 --> 02:37:51,129
for the Gray board.
2590
02:37:51,213 --> 02:37:53,048
He was interrogated by a prosecutor
2591
02:37:53,131 --> 02:37:55,842
who used all the tricks
of a rather ingenious legal background
2592
02:37:55,926 --> 02:38:00,263
You are charging now that
the Gray board permitted a prosecution.
2593
02:38:01,014 --> 02:38:03,100
If I were on the Gray board,
2594
02:38:03,183 --> 02:38:06,520
I would have protested against the tactics
of the man who served, in fact,
2595
02:38:06,603 --> 02:38:08,063
as the prosecuting counsel.
2596
02:38:08,146 --> 02:38:09,982
A man appointed, not by the board...
2597
02:38:11,274 --> 02:38:12,567
but by Lewis Strauss.
2598
02:38:15,320 --> 02:38:16,279
Who was this?
2599
02:38:17,906 --> 02:38:19,574
I'm sorry?
2600
02:38:19,658 --> 02:38:20,826
Who was this?
2601
02:38:20,909 --> 02:38:22,160
Uh, Roger Robb.
2602
02:38:22,828 --> 02:38:24,162
Mrs. Oppenheimer.
2603
02:38:28,667 --> 02:38:30,836
Did you have
a Communist Party membership card?
2604
02:38:32,671 --> 02:38:33,839
I'm-
2605
02:38:33,922 --> 02:38:34,923
I'm not sure.
2606
02:38:35,007 --> 02:38:36,216
Not sure?
2607
02:38:38,927 --> 02:38:40,053
Well-
2608
02:38:43,098 --> 02:38:44,099
Well?
2609
02:38:53,358 --> 02:38:56,361
I mean, presumably,
the act of joining the Party
2610
02:38:56,445 --> 02:38:59,656
required sending some money
and receiving a card, no?
2611
02:39:02,617 --> 02:39:03,618
Yeah.
2612
02:39:09,666 --> 02:39:10,834
Sorry.
2613
02:39:11,877 --> 02:39:13,211
Yeah.
2614
02:39:15,255 --> 02:39:18,592
It's just it was all so very long ago,
Mr. Robb, wasn't it?
2615
02:39:18,675 --> 02:39:20,302
- Not really.
- Long enough to have forgotten.
2616
02:39:20,385 --> 02:39:23,513
- Did you return the card or rip it up?
- The card whose existence I've forgotten?
2617
02:39:23,597 --> 02:39:26,558
- Your Communist Party membership card.
- Haven't the slightest idea.
2618
02:39:29,394 --> 02:39:33,815
Can a distinction be made between
Soviet communism and communism?
2619
02:39:33,899 --> 02:39:37,027
In the days when I was a member,
I thought they were definitely two things.
2620
02:39:37,110 --> 02:39:40,155
I thought that the Communist Party
of the United States
2621
02:39:40,238 --> 02:39:42,699
was concerned with our domestic problems.
2622
02:39:42,783 --> 02:39:43,950
I now no longer believe this.
2623
02:39:44,034 --> 02:39:46,536
I believe the thing's linked together
and spread all over the world,
2624
02:39:46,620 --> 02:39:50,332
and I have believed this
since I left the Party, 16 years ago.
2625
02:39:50,415 --> 02:39:52,918
- But-
-17 years ago. My mistake.
2626
02:39:53,502 --> 02:39:54,920
- But you sai-
- Sorry, 18.
2627
02:39:56,338 --> 02:39:57,631
18 years ago.
2628
02:39:58,882 --> 02:40:01,760
Are you familiar with the fact
your husband was making contributions
2629
02:40:01,843 --> 02:40:04,012
to the Spanish Civil War as late as 1942?
2630
02:40:04,096 --> 02:40:06,389
I knew that Robert
gave money from time to time.
2631
02:40:06,473 --> 02:40:08,934
Did you know this money
was going into Communist Party channels?
2632
02:40:09,017 --> 02:40:11,061
- Don't you mean "through"?
- Pardon?
2633
02:40:11,144 --> 02:40:13,647
I think you mean "through
Communist Party channels," don't you?
2634
02:40:13,730 --> 02:40:15,315
Yes!
'Yes?
2635
02:40:15,398 --> 02:40:17,442
- Yes!
- Yes.
2636
02:40:17,526 --> 02:40:20,529
Then would it be fair to say
that this meant that by 1942,
2637
02:40:20,612 --> 02:40:24,491
your husband had not stopped having
anything to do with the Communist Party?
2638
02:40:24,574 --> 02:40:27,577
You don't have to answer that yes or no.
You can answer that any way you wish.
2639
02:40:27,661 --> 02:40:29,371
I know that, thank you.
2640
02:40:29,454 --> 02:40:31,206
It's your question.
2641
02:40:31,289 --> 02:40:32,749
It's not properly phrased.
2642
02:40:32,833 --> 02:40:34,501
- Do you understand what I'm getting at?
- I do.
2643
02:40:34,584 --> 02:40:37,546
- Then why don't you answer it that way?
- 'Cause I don't like your phrase.
2644
02:40:37,629 --> 02:40:39,464
"Having anything to do
with the Communist Party. "
2645
02:40:39,548 --> 02:40:42,676
Because Robert never had anything to do
with the Communist Party as such.
2646
02:40:42,759 --> 02:40:45,095
I know he gave money to Spanish refugees.
2647
02:40:45,178 --> 02:40:48,348
I know he took an intellectual interest
in communist ideas-
2648
02:40:48,431 --> 02:40:50,183
Are there two types of communists?
2649
02:40:50,267 --> 02:40:52,978
Intellectual communists
and your plain, old, regular commie?
2650
02:40:54,271 --> 02:40:55,897
Well, I couldn't answer that one.
2651
02:40:55,981 --> 02:40:58,525
I couldn't either.
2652
02:41:05,448 --> 02:41:06,700
Good evening.
2653
02:41:06,783 --> 02:41:08,118
Robert, you can't win this thing.
2654
02:41:08,201 --> 02:41:10,495
It's a kangaroo court
with a predetermined outcome.
2655
02:41:10,579 --> 02:41:14,499
- Why put yourself through more of it?
- I have my reasons.
2656
02:41:16,001 --> 02:41:17,169
All right.
2657
02:41:17,252 --> 02:41:18,461
Good night.
2658
02:41:23,175 --> 02:41:24,509
He has a point.
2659
02:41:25,760 --> 02:41:27,596
I'm not sure you understand, Albert.
2660
02:41:27,679 --> 02:41:28,722
No?
2661
02:41:29,306 --> 02:41:31,933
I left my country never to return.
2662
02:41:32,893 --> 02:41:34,978
You served your country well.
2663
02:41:35,061 --> 02:41:37,939
If this is the reward
she offers you, then...
2664
02:41:38,899 --> 02:41:41,234
perhaps you should turn your back on her.
2665
02:41:42,277 --> 02:41:44,321
Damn it, I happen to love this country.
2666
02:41:45,113 --> 02:41:47,407
Then tell them to go to hell.
2667
02:41:47,490 --> 02:41:48,950
Interestingly enough,
2668
02:41:49,034 --> 02:41:51,453
this is no longer a confirmation hearing,
2669
02:41:51,536 --> 02:41:54,331
it's now a trial about a trial!
2670
02:41:56,124 --> 02:41:59,044
It's not good he's telling everyone
you initiated the hearings.
2671
02:41:59,127 --> 02:42:01,171
He can't prove a goddamn thing.
2672
02:42:01,254 --> 02:42:04,758
He certainly can't prove
that I gave the file to Borden.
2673
02:42:04,841 --> 02:42:07,886
We're not in court, sir.
There's no burden of proof.
2674
02:42:07,969 --> 02:42:09,679
Right. They're not convicting...
2675
02:42:10,597 --> 02:42:11,598
just denying.
2676
02:42:12,515 --> 02:42:15,435
But why would Hill come here
to tear me down? What's his angle?
2677
02:42:15,518 --> 02:42:18,313
Do people need a reason
to do the right thing?
2678
02:42:18,396 --> 02:42:19,314
As he sees it.
2679
02:42:19,397 --> 02:42:22,692
I told you, Oppenheimer poisoned
the scientists against me,
2680
02:42:22,776 --> 02:42:24,152
right from that first meeting.
2681
02:42:24,236 --> 02:42:27,239
I don't know what Oppenheimer
said to him that day,
2682
02:42:27,322 --> 02:42:30,200
but Einstein wouldn't even meet my eye.
2683
02:42:31,701 --> 02:42:34,537
Oppenheimer knows
how to manipulate his own.
2684
02:42:34,621 --> 02:42:38,375
And at Los Alamos,
he preyed on the naivete of scientists
2685
02:42:38,458 --> 02:42:40,627
who thought they'd get a say
in how we used their work.
2686
02:42:40,710 --> 02:42:42,921
Don't ever think
he was that naive himself.
2687
02:42:43,672 --> 02:42:45,048
Doctor.
2688
02:42:45,131 --> 02:42:49,928
During your work on the hydrogen bomb,
were you deterred by any moral qualms?
2689
02:42:50,762 --> 02:42:51,972
Yes, of course.
2690
02:42:52,055 --> 02:42:53,890
But you still got on with your work,
didn't you?
2691
02:42:53,974 --> 02:42:58,144
Yes, because this was work of exploration.
It was not the preparation of a weapon.
2692
02:42:58,228 --> 02:43:00,313
You mean it was more of
an academic excursion?
2693
02:43:00,397 --> 02:43:03,400
No, it is not an academic thing
whether you can build a hydrogen bomb.
2694
02:43:03,483 --> 02:43:04,693
It's a matter of life and death.
2695
02:43:04,776 --> 02:43:05,986
By 1942,
2696
02:43:06,069 --> 02:43:08,321
you were actively pushing the development
of the hydrogen bomb, weren't you?
2697
02:43:08,405 --> 02:43:11,574
Pushing's not the right word.
Supporting it and working on it, yes.
2698
02:43:11,658 --> 02:43:14,035
So when did these moral qualms
become so strong
2699
02:43:14,119 --> 02:43:17,122
that you actively opposed the development
of the hydrogen bomb?
2700
02:43:17,205 --> 02:43:19,958
When it was suggested
that it be the policy of the United States
2701
02:43:20,041 --> 02:43:22,877
to make these things at all cost,
without regard to the balance
2702
02:43:22,961 --> 02:43:26,464
between these weapons
and atomic weapons as part of our arsenal.
2703
02:43:27,924 --> 02:43:30,010
What do moral qualms have to do with that?
2704
02:43:30,719 --> 02:43:33,555
- What do moral qualms have to do with it?
- Yes.
2705
02:43:33,638 --> 02:43:35,724
Oppenheimer wanted to own the atomic bomb.
2706
02:43:35,807 --> 02:43:37,767
He wanted to be the man
who moved the Earth.
2707
02:43:37,851 --> 02:43:42,314
He talks about putting
the nuclear genie back in the bottle.
2708
02:43:42,397 --> 02:43:45,900
Well, I'm here to tell you
that I know J. Robert Oppenheimer,
2709
02:43:45,984 --> 02:43:49,195
and if he could do it all over,
he'd do it all the same.
2710
02:43:49,279 --> 02:43:52,991
You know he's never once said
that he regrets Hiroshima?
2711
02:43:53,074 --> 02:43:55,827
He'd do it all over. Why?
2712
02:43:55,910 --> 02:43:59,706
Because it made him
the most important man who ever lived.
2713
02:43:59,789 --> 02:44:03,543
Well, we've freely used the atomic bomb-
2714
02:44:03,626 --> 02:44:05,670
In fact, Doctor,
you assisted in selecting the target
2715
02:44:05,754 --> 02:44:07,922
to drop the atomic bomb on Japan,
didn't you?
2716
02:44:08,006 --> 02:44:09,883
- Yes.
- Then you knew, did you not,
2717
02:44:09,966 --> 02:44:12,218
that by dropping that atomic bomb
on the target you selected,
2718
02:44:12,302 --> 02:44:15,221
that thousands of civilians would be
killed or injured, is that correct?
2719
02:44:15,305 --> 02:44:17,474
Yes, not as many as turned out-
2720
02:44:17,557 --> 02:44:20,060
Oh. Well, how many
were killed or injured?
2721
02:44:20,143 --> 02:44:21,227
70,000.
2722
02:44:21,311 --> 02:44:22,687
70,000 at both Hiroshima and-
2723
02:44:22,771 --> 02:44:24,522
110,000 at both.
2724
02:44:24,606 --> 02:44:26,191
On the day of each bombing?
2725
02:44:27,734 --> 02:44:29,986
- Yes.
- And in the weeks and years that followed?
2726
02:44:30,070 --> 02:44:33,323
It has been put at somewhere
between 50,000 and 100,000.
2727
02:44:33,406 --> 02:44:35,492
-220,000 dead, at least.
- Yes.
2728
02:44:35,575 --> 02:44:37,118
Any moral scruples about that?
2729
02:44:39,037 --> 02:44:40,038
Terrible ones.
2730
02:44:40,121 --> 02:44:43,917
Yet you testified in here that the bombing
of Hiroshima was very successful.
2731
02:44:44,000 --> 02:44:47,045
- Technically successful.
- Oh! Technically, it was very successful.
2732
02:44:47,128 --> 02:44:49,506
And it is also alleged
to have helped end the war.
2733
02:44:49,589 --> 02:44:52,675
Would you have been supportive of the
dropping of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima?
2734
02:44:52,759 --> 02:44:55,136
- That would make no sense at all.
- Why?
2735
02:44:55,220 --> 02:44:57,055
The target is too small.
2736
02:44:57,138 --> 02:44:59,641
Well, supposing there had been
a target in Japan big enough
2737
02:44:59,724 --> 02:45:01,101
for a thermonuclear weapon,
2738
02:45:01,184 --> 02:45:02,727
would you have been opposed
to the dropping of it?
2739
02:45:02,811 --> 02:45:04,521
This was not a problem
with which I was confronted-
2740
02:45:04,604 --> 02:45:06,064
I'm confronting you with it now, sir.
2741
02:45:06,147 --> 02:45:07,816
It was all part of his plan.
2742
02:45:07,899 --> 02:45:11,736
He wanted the glorious, insincere guilt
of the self-important
2743
02:45:11,820 --> 02:45:13,780
to wear like a fucking crown.
2744
02:45:13,863 --> 02:45:19,369
Say, "No, we cannot go down this road,"
even as he knew we'd have to.
2745
02:45:19,452 --> 02:45:21,121
Would you have been opposed
to the dropping
2746
02:45:21,204 --> 02:45:23,540
of a thermonuclear weapon on Japan
because of moral scruples?
2747
02:45:23,623 --> 02:45:24,999
Yes, I believe I would, sir.
2748
02:45:25,083 --> 02:45:26,084
Did you oppose the dropping
2749
02:45:26,167 --> 02:45:28,878
of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima
because of moral scruples?
2750
02:45:28,962 --> 02:45:30,880
- We set forth our arg-
- No, you.
2751
02:45:30,964 --> 02:45:32,674
- I'm asking you. You!
- I set-
2752
02:45:32,757 --> 02:45:35,051
I set forth our arguments
against dropping it,
2753
02:45:35,135 --> 02:45:36,845
but I did not endorse them.
2754
02:45:36,928 --> 02:45:40,056
You mean after working night and day
for three years building the bomb,
2755
02:45:40,140 --> 02:45:42,100
you then argued against the use of it.
2756
02:45:42,183 --> 02:45:45,895
I was asked by the secretary of war
what the views of scientists were.
2757
02:45:45,979 --> 02:45:48,189
I gave him the views against
and the views for.
2758
02:45:48,273 --> 02:45:50,692
You supported the dropping
of the atom bomb on Japan.
2759
02:45:50,775 --> 02:45:53,278
- What do you mean, "support"?
- You supported it.
2760
02:45:53,361 --> 02:45:55,822
- You helped pick the target, didn't you?
- I did my job.
2761
02:45:55,905 --> 02:45:58,283
I was not in a policy-making position
at Los Alamos.
2762
02:45:58,366 --> 02:46:00,326
I would have done anything
I was asked to do.
2763
02:46:00,410 --> 02:46:02,829
Then you would have built
the H-bomb too, wouldn't you?
2764
02:46:02,912 --> 02:46:04,956
- I couldn't.
- I didn't ask you that, Doctor.
2765
02:46:05,039 --> 02:46:06,374
And the GAC report,
2766
02:46:06,458 --> 02:46:09,043
which you co-authored
after the Soviet atomic test,
2767
02:46:09,127 --> 02:46:12,589
said a Super bomb should never be built.
2768
02:46:12,672 --> 02:46:14,048
What we meant- What I meant was-
2769
02:46:14,132 --> 02:46:15,967
- What you? Who? Who?
- What I meant-
2770
02:46:17,886 --> 02:46:20,763
And wouldn't the Russians
do anything to increase their strength?
2771
02:46:20,847 --> 02:46:23,391
If we did it, they would have to do it.
2772
02:46:23,475 --> 02:46:27,729
Our efforts would only fuel their efforts,
just as it had with the atomic bomb.
2773
02:46:27,812 --> 02:46:30,815
"Just as it had with the atomic bomb,"
exactly!
2774
02:46:31,524 --> 02:46:35,778
No moral scruples in 1945, plenty in 1949.
2775
02:46:40,074 --> 02:46:41,242
Dr. Oppenheimer...
2776
02:46:43,453 --> 02:46:46,206
when did
your strong moral convictions develop
2777
02:46:46,289 --> 02:46:48,082
with respect to the hydrogen bomb?
2778
02:46:55,924 --> 02:46:57,759
When it became clear to me...
2779
02:46:59,219 --> 02:47:02,263
that we would tend
to use any weapon we had.
2780
02:47:05,308 --> 02:47:07,519
J. Robert Oppenheimer the Martyr.
2781
02:47:07,602 --> 02:47:10,146
I gave him exactly what he wanted.
2782
02:47:10,730 --> 02:47:14,359
To be remembered for Trinity,
not Hiroshima.
2783
02:47:15,109 --> 02:47:17,237
Not Nagasaki.
2784
02:47:20,198 --> 02:47:21,950
He should be thanking me.
2785
02:47:22,992 --> 02:47:24,285
Well, he's not.
2786
02:47:27,705 --> 02:47:29,123
Do we still have enough votes,
2787
02:47:29,207 --> 02:47:31,125
or is the crowning moment of my career
2788
02:47:31,209 --> 02:47:34,295
about to become
the most public humiliation of my life?
2789
02:47:35,213 --> 02:47:38,841
Full Senate's about to vote.
You'll scrape through.
2790
02:47:38,925 --> 02:47:40,510
Great, then gather the fucking press.
2791
02:47:41,094 --> 02:47:42,470
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
2792
02:47:42,554 --> 02:47:45,557
This board,
having heard testimony from you
2793
02:47:45,640 --> 02:47:48,851
and many of your current
and former colleagues,
2794
02:47:48,935 --> 02:47:53,022
has come to the unanimous conclusion
that you are a loyal citizen.
2795
02:47:55,275 --> 02:48:00,488
However, in the light
of your continuing associations
2796
02:48:00,572 --> 02:48:04,033
and disregard for the security apparatus
of this country,
2797
02:48:04,117 --> 02:48:07,579
together with your somewhat
disturbing conduct
2798
02:48:07,662 --> 02:48:09,581
on the hydrogen bomb program,
2799
02:48:09,664 --> 02:48:11,332
and the regrettable lack of candor
2800
02:48:11,416 --> 02:48:14,294
in certain of your responses
to this board,
2801
02:48:14,377 --> 02:48:17,213
we have voted two-to-one
2802
02:48:17,297 --> 02:48:20,341
to deny the renewal
of your security clearance.
2803
02:48:20,425 --> 02:48:23,386
A full written opinion,
with a dissent from Mr. Evans,
2804
02:48:23,469 --> 02:48:26,639
will be issued to the AEC
in the coming days.
2805
02:48:26,723 --> 02:48:27,932
That is all.
2806
02:48:32,353 --> 02:48:33,855
Gordon.
2807
02:48:38,651 --> 02:48:40,153
Robert.
2808
02:48:40,987 --> 02:48:42,030
Robert.
2809
02:48:45,158 --> 02:48:46,451
Don't, uh...
2810
02:48:49,287 --> 02:48:50,788
Don't take in the sheets.
2811
02:48:56,210 --> 02:48:58,254
- Sir.
- Two minutes. Two minutes.
2812
02:48:58,338 --> 02:49:00,173
You'll get your shot.
2813
02:49:03,885 --> 02:49:05,053
Is it official?
2814
02:49:07,347 --> 02:49:11,059
Well, there were a couple
of unexpected holdouts.
2815
02:49:16,314 --> 02:49:18,358
I'm denied. Yeah?
2816
02:49:19,150 --> 02:49:20,818
- I'm afraid so, sir.
- All right.
2817
02:49:28,493 --> 02:49:29,661
Who were the holdouts?
2818
02:49:29,744 --> 02:49:32,538
Urn... There were three,
2819
02:49:32,622 --> 02:49:35,041
led by the junior senator
from Massachusetts.
2820
02:49:35,124 --> 02:49:37,251
Young guy trying to make
a name for himself,
2821
02:49:37,335 --> 02:49:39,587
didn't like what you did to Oppenheimer.
2822
02:49:39,671 --> 02:49:40,672
What's his name?
2823
02:49:41,589 --> 02:49:44,676
Uh, Kennedy. John F. Kennedy.
2824
02:49:48,513 --> 02:49:49,681
Kitty?
2825
02:49:55,937 --> 02:49:59,315
Did you think that if you let them
tar and feather you,
2826
02:49:59,399 --> 02:50:01,526
that the world would forgive you?
2827
02:50:05,405 --> 02:50:06,906
It won't.
2828
02:50:09,242 --> 02:50:10,451
We'll see.
2829
02:50:20,503 --> 02:50:21,963
Goddamn it.
2830
02:50:24,966 --> 02:50:26,884
You told me I'd be okay.
2831
02:50:26,968 --> 02:50:29,262
Yeah, well,
I didn't have all the facts, did I?
2832
02:50:29,345 --> 02:50:30,388
Here's a fact.
2833
02:50:30,471 --> 02:50:32,640
President Eisenhower
pinned the Medal of Freedom
2834
02:50:32,724 --> 02:50:34,142
on my chest last year,
2835
02:50:34,225 --> 02:50:36,686
'cause I've always done
what's right for this country.
2836
02:50:36,769 --> 02:50:39,063
They don't want me in the Cabinet room?
2837
02:50:39,147 --> 02:50:41,607
Oh, that's- That's fine.
2838
02:50:41,691 --> 02:50:43,985
Maybe they should just invite
Oppenheimer instead.
2839
02:50:44,068 --> 02:50:45,987
Maybe they will.
2840
02:50:46,070 --> 02:50:49,991
I told you, he turned the scientists
against me one by one,
2841
02:50:50,074 --> 02:50:51,242
starting with Einstein.
2842
02:50:51,325 --> 02:50:53,703
I told you about Einstein.
I saw him by the pond.
2843
02:50:53,786 --> 02:50:55,121
You did, but you know, sir,
2844
02:50:55,204 --> 02:50:59,083
since nobody really knows
what they said to each other that day,
2845
02:50:59,167 --> 02:51:02,712
is it possible
they didn't talk about you at all?
2846
02:51:02,795 --> 02:51:05,047
Is it possible they spoke about something...
2847
02:51:06,215 --> 02:51:07,633
more important?
2848
02:51:07,717 --> 02:51:09,594
Mr. Strauss!
2849
02:51:18,478 --> 02:51:20,188
Oh!
2850
02:51:22,565 --> 02:51:23,733
Thank you.
2851
02:51:23,816 --> 02:51:25,193
Albert.
2852
02:51:26,444 --> 02:51:28,404
Ah...
2853
02:51:28,488 --> 02:51:30,031
The man of the moment.
2854
02:51:34,118 --> 02:51:37,371
You once held a reception for me.
2855
02:51:37,455 --> 02:51:40,875
- In Berkeley. You gave me an award, mmm?
- Yes.
2856
02:51:41,751 --> 02:51:45,171
You all thought
that I had lost the ability to understand
2857
02:51:45,254 --> 02:51:47,089
what I'd started.
2858
02:51:47,173 --> 02:51:50,718
So, the award really wasn't for me.
2859
02:51:50,802 --> 02:51:53,137
It was for all of you, hmm?
2860
02:51:54,889 --> 02:51:56,265
Now it's your turn
2861
02:51:57,099 --> 02:52:01,521
to deal with the consequences
of your achievement.
2862
02:52:02,688 --> 02:52:04,232
And one day,
2863
02:52:04,315 --> 02:52:06,317
when they've punished you enough...
2864
02:52:08,277 --> 02:52:11,823
they'll serve you salmon and potato salad.
2865
02:52:16,285 --> 02:52:17,453
Make speeches...
2866
02:52:19,288 --> 02:52:20,748
Give you a medal.
2867
02:52:22,750 --> 02:52:24,168
Hello, Frank.
2868
02:52:24,252 --> 02:52:25,586
You're happy, I'm happy.
2869
02:52:32,844 --> 02:52:35,513
Pat you on the back,
tell you all is forgiven.
2870
02:52:37,390 --> 02:52:38,391
Just remember. -.
2871
02:52:40,309 --> 02:52:42,103
It' won'! be for you.
2872
02:52:47,316 --> 02:52:48,651
It'll be for them.
2873
02:53:02,164 --> 02:53:03,457
Albert.
2874
02:53:05,209 --> 02:53:08,588
When I came to you
with those calculations,
2875
02:53:08,671 --> 02:53:12,383
we thought we might start
a chain reaction that would
2876
02:53:12,466 --> 02:53:14,302
destroy the entire world?
2877
02:53:15,219 --> 02:53:18,764
Mmm. I remember it well. What of it?
2878
02:53:22,727 --> 02:53:24,270
I believe we did.
223595
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