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1
00:00:13,659 --> 00:00:15,661
(DOSIMETER CRACKLING FAINTLY)
2
00:00:42,355 --> 00:00:45,066
(MAN READING POEM IN UKRAINIAN
OVER RADIO)
3
00:01:25,147 --> 00:01:27,900
-(DOOR OPENS)
-(FOOTSTEPS APPROACHING)
4
00:01:38,703 --> 00:01:39,870
(TURNS OFF RADIO)
5
00:01:42,373 --> 00:01:44,125
You work too hard.
6
00:01:45,710 --> 00:01:47,253
Where is everyone?
7
00:01:47,378 --> 00:01:48,796
DMITRI: They refused to come in.
8
00:01:50,172 --> 00:01:51,340
Why?
9
00:01:51,632 --> 00:01:53,426
It's Saturday.
10
00:01:55,845 --> 00:01:57,012
Why did you come in?
11
00:01:57,096 --> 00:01:58,180
DMITRI: I work too hard.
12
00:01:58,597 --> 00:01:59,890
It's boiling in here.
13
00:02:04,729 --> 00:02:06,731
(ALARM BLARING)
14
00:02:12,862 --> 00:02:13,863
(ALARM STOPS)
15
00:02:14,780 --> 00:02:17,241
Eight milliroentgen. A leak?
16
00:02:17,324 --> 00:02:18,325
No.
17
00:02:19,785 --> 00:02:22,121
It would've gone off before.
It's coming from outside.
18
00:02:22,872 --> 00:02:23,956
The Americans?
19
00:02:44,643 --> 00:02:45,853
(MACHINE HUMMING)
20
00:02:50,858 --> 00:02:52,526
(MACHINE WHIRRING)
21
00:02:55,196 --> 00:02:56,697
(PRINTER CLACKING)
22
00:03:04,705 --> 00:03:05,998
Iodine-131.
23
00:03:07,166 --> 00:03:10,419
(SIGHS) It's not military.
It's uranium decay, U-235.
24
00:03:11,170 --> 00:03:12,171
Reactor fuel?
25
00:03:15,299 --> 00:03:18,052
Ignalina. Maybe, uh,
240 kilometers away.
26
00:03:19,220 --> 00:03:20,763
(DIALING)
27
00:03:26,227 --> 00:03:27,394
(LINE RINGS)
28
00:03:27,895 --> 00:03:30,856
Yes, this is Ulana Khomyuk
with the Institute of Nuclear...
29
00:03:30,940 --> 00:03:32,191
(MAN SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY OVER PHONE)
30
00:03:32,274 --> 00:03:33,275
Looking for...
31
00:03:38,531 --> 00:03:40,866
-All right, stay calm.
-MAN: Don't tell me to stay calm.
32
00:03:40,950 --> 00:03:42,952
(MAN CONTINUES SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY)
33
00:03:44,703 --> 00:03:47,206
They're at four. It's not them.
34
00:03:47,873 --> 00:03:48,874
Who's the next closest?
35
00:03:49,416 --> 00:03:52,002
It's Chernobyl, but that's not
possible. They're 400 kilometers away.
36
00:03:52,503 --> 00:03:54,421
That's too far
for eight milliroentgen.
37
00:03:54,505 --> 00:03:55,714
They'd have to be split open.
38
00:03:56,507 --> 00:03:57,758
Maybe they know something.
39
00:03:57,842 --> 00:04:00,052
(PICKS UP RECEIVER, DIALING)
40
00:04:03,347 --> 00:04:04,431
(LINE RINGING)
41
00:04:06,225 --> 00:04:08,060
-Iodine.
-Could it be a waste dump?
42
00:04:08,811 --> 00:04:09,812
No.
43
00:04:10,104 --> 00:04:11,689
We'd be seeing other isotopes.
44
00:04:12,481 --> 00:04:14,066
Nuclear test? Uh...
45
00:04:14,942 --> 00:04:15,985
New kind of bomb?
46
00:04:16,068 --> 00:04:17,987
We'd have heard. That's what
half our people work on here.
47
00:04:20,656 --> 00:04:24,743
Something with the space program
like a satellite or...
48
00:04:27,288 --> 00:04:28,455
No one's answering the phone.
49
00:04:35,421 --> 00:04:37,089
(LINE CONTINUES RINGING)
50
00:04:41,343 --> 00:04:43,512
-(SIREN WAILING)
-(HURRIED CHATTER)
51
00:04:49,768 --> 00:04:51,186
DR. ZINCHENKO:
Get everyone started on an IV.
52
00:04:51,270 --> 00:04:52,271
We don't have enough.
53
00:04:52,354 --> 00:04:54,189
-All the children, then.
-But we don't have enough!
54
00:04:54,273 --> 00:04:55,316
As many as you can!
55
00:04:55,941 --> 00:04:58,444
-Where's the old man?
-He's set up a burn ward in 16.
56
00:04:59,987 --> 00:05:01,780
(BUSY CHATTER)
57
00:05:13,417 --> 00:05:14,627
What are you doing? What is that?
58
00:05:14,793 --> 00:05:17,129
Milk. It's milk.
Much better than water.
59
00:05:17,212 --> 00:05:18,589
No, no, no. Stop. Stop!
60
00:05:18,672 --> 00:05:19,673
DOCTOR: What are you doing?
61
00:05:19,757 --> 00:05:21,008
DR. ZINCHENKO:
These are radiation burns!
62
00:05:21,091 --> 00:05:22,718
Their clothes are contaminated!
63
00:05:23,260 --> 00:05:24,762
Help me!
64
00:05:26,221 --> 00:05:27,222
Get it all off.
65
00:05:27,723 --> 00:05:28,807
(GROANING)
66
00:05:28,891 --> 00:05:30,601
We're taking it down to the basement.
67
00:05:31,185 --> 00:05:32,645
(BREATHING HEAVILY)
68
00:05:33,771 --> 00:05:35,230
He was a firefighter from Chernobyl.
69
00:05:35,314 --> 00:05:36,732
Can you stop pushing, please?
70
00:05:36,982 --> 00:05:38,192
(CLAMORING)
71
00:05:41,028 --> 00:05:42,112
SOLDIER 1: We have our orders!
72
00:05:42,613 --> 00:05:44,573
-Disperse!
-SOLDIER 2: Hey, there! Get him!
73
00:05:47,159 --> 00:05:48,744
WOMAN: Why are you
keeping us out here?
74
00:05:48,827 --> 00:05:49,912
(LYUDMILLA GRUNTS)
75
00:06:43,465 --> 00:06:44,717
(DOOR OPENS)
76
00:06:45,634 --> 00:06:46,635
Professor Legasov?
77
00:06:47,594 --> 00:06:48,637
Oh, no, not yet.
78
00:06:49,221 --> 00:06:51,557
They're finishing up some other
business. It'll be a few more minutes.
79
00:06:51,640 --> 00:06:52,683
Can I get you some tea?
80
00:06:52,766 --> 00:06:54,143
No, I'm fine. Thank you.
81
00:06:54,226 --> 00:06:56,061
Would you care to read
Deputy Chairman Shcherbina's report
82
00:06:56,145 --> 00:06:57,146
while you're waiting?
83
00:06:57,229 --> 00:06:58,397
Certainly. Thank you.
84
00:07:02,860 --> 00:07:04,862
-(DOOR OPENS)
-(EXHALES DEEPLY)
85
00:07:05,863 --> 00:07:07,114
(DOOR CLOSES)
86
00:07:56,246 --> 00:07:57,456
(DOOR OPENS)
87
00:07:58,540 --> 00:08:00,125
KREMLIN AIDE: All right, Professor.
They're ready.
88
00:08:01,919 --> 00:08:03,545
Professor Legasov?
89
00:08:29,029 --> 00:08:30,197
GORBACHEV: You have my support.
90
00:08:37,496 --> 00:08:39,414
Thank you all
for your duty to this commission.
91
00:08:39,498 --> 00:08:42,501
We will begin with
Deputy Chairman Shcherbina's briefing,
92
00:08:42,584 --> 00:08:46,046
and then, we will discuss
next steps if necessary.
93
00:08:46,338 --> 00:08:48,215
SHCHERBINA: Thank you,
comrade General Secretary.
94
00:08:48,298 --> 00:08:52,636
I'm pleased to report that
the situation in Chernobyl is stable.
95
00:08:52,719 --> 00:08:55,514
Military and civilian patrols
have secured the region,
96
00:08:55,597 --> 00:08:57,474
and Colonel General Pikalov,
97
00:08:58,183 --> 00:09:00,894
who commands troops specializing
in chemical hazards,
98
00:09:00,978 --> 00:09:02,813
has been dispatched to the plant.
99
00:09:03,147 --> 00:09:04,481
In terms of radiation,
100
00:09:04,565 --> 00:09:08,777
plant director Bryukhanov
reports no more than 3.6 roentgen.
101
00:09:09,194 --> 00:09:11,738
I'm told it's the equivalent
of a chest X-ray.
102
00:09:11,822 --> 00:09:14,366
So if you're overdue for a check-up...
103
00:09:14,741 --> 00:09:16,827
-And foreign press?
-SHCHERBINA: Totally unaware.
104
00:09:17,536 --> 00:09:19,913
KGB First Deputy Chairman
Charkov assures me
105
00:09:19,997 --> 00:09:22,666
that we have successfully
protected our security interests.
106
00:09:23,250 --> 00:09:25,335
GORBACHEV: Good. Very good.
107
00:09:25,752 --> 00:09:28,088
Well, it seems like
it's well in hand, so...
108
00:09:29,548 --> 00:09:32,009
If there's nothing else,
meeting adjourned.
109
00:09:33,302 --> 00:09:34,303
No!
110
00:09:37,264 --> 00:09:38,265
Pardon me?
111
00:09:39,308 --> 00:09:40,976
Uh, we can't adjourn.
112
00:09:41,602 --> 00:09:43,937
This is Professor Legasov
of the Kurchatov Institute.
113
00:09:44,354 --> 00:09:45,939
Professor, if you have any concerns,
114
00:09:46,023 --> 00:09:47,816
feel free to address them
with me later.
115
00:09:47,900 --> 00:09:50,819
I can't. I am sorry. I'm so sorry.
116
00:09:51,778 --> 00:09:55,407
Page three, the section on casualties.
Uh...
117
00:09:56,366 --> 00:09:59,286
"A fireman was severely
burned on his hand
118
00:09:59,369 --> 00:10:01,705
"by a chunk of smooth, black mineral
119
00:10:01,788 --> 00:10:04,291
"on the ground,
outside the reactor building."
120
00:10:04,374 --> 00:10:06,210
Smooth, black mineral, graphite.
121
00:10:06,293 --> 00:10:08,128
There's graphite on the ground.
122
00:10:11,089 --> 00:10:14,092
Well, there was a tank explosion.
There's debris.
123
00:10:14,468 --> 00:10:15,636
Of what importance that could be...
124
00:10:15,719 --> 00:10:19,306
There's only one place in the entire
facility where you will find graphite.
125
00:10:19,389 --> 00:10:20,474
Inside the core.
126
00:10:20,557 --> 00:10:22,226
If there's graphite
on the ground outside,
127
00:10:22,309 --> 00:10:24,478
it means it wasn't
a control system tank that exploded.
128
00:10:24,561 --> 00:10:26,855
It was the reactor core. It's open!
(INHALES SHARPLY)
129
00:10:30,150 --> 00:10:31,151
Um...
130
00:10:31,860 --> 00:10:32,945
Comrade Shcherbina?
131
00:10:33,028 --> 00:10:34,988
Comrade General Secretary,
I can assure you
132
00:10:35,072 --> 00:10:36,573
that Professor Legasov is mistaken.
133
00:10:37,157 --> 00:10:39,493
Bryukhanov reports that
the reactor core is intact.
134
00:10:39,660 --> 00:10:42,079
-And as for the radiation...
-Yes, 3.6 roentgen,
135
00:10:42,162 --> 00:10:44,623
which, by the way, is not
the equivalent of one chest X-ray,
136
00:10:44,706 --> 00:10:47,000
but rather 400 chest X-rays.
137
00:10:47,084 --> 00:10:49,419
That number's been bothering me
for a different reason, though.
138
00:10:49,920 --> 00:10:53,257
It's also the maximum reading
on low-limit dosimeters.
139
00:10:53,340 --> 00:10:55,425
They gave us the number they had.
140
00:10:56,260 --> 00:10:59,054
I think the true number
is much, much higher.
141
00:10:59,137 --> 00:11:01,723
If I'm right, this fireman
was holding the equivalent
142
00:11:01,807 --> 00:11:04,268
of four million chest X-rays
in his hand.
143
00:11:04,351 --> 00:11:06,645
Professor Legasov, there's no place
for alarmist hysteria...
144
00:11:06,728 --> 00:11:08,188
It's not alarmist if it's a fact!
145
00:11:08,272 --> 00:11:10,649
Well, I don't hear any facts at all.
146
00:11:11,858 --> 00:11:14,486
All I hear is a man I don't know
147
00:11:14,569 --> 00:11:17,656
engaging in conjecture
in direct contradiction
148
00:11:17,739 --> 00:11:19,741
to what has been reported
by party officials.
149
00:11:20,075 --> 00:11:22,202
I'm, uh... I apologize.
150
00:11:23,287 --> 00:11:25,247
I didn't mean, uh...
151
00:11:25,914 --> 00:11:29,501
(CLEARS THROAT)
Please, may I express my concern
152
00:11:29,584 --> 00:11:33,005
as calmly and as respectfully as I...
153
00:11:33,088 --> 00:11:35,799
-Professor Legasov...
-GORBACHEV: Boris.
154
00:11:36,758 --> 00:11:37,801
I will allow it.
155
00:11:47,519 --> 00:11:48,854
LEGASOV: Um...
156
00:11:50,981 --> 00:11:52,733
An RBMK reactor
157
00:11:53,734 --> 00:11:57,362
uses uranium-235 as fuel.
158
00:11:58,530 --> 00:12:02,492
Every atom of U-235 is like a bullet
159
00:12:03,160 --> 00:12:05,287
traveling at nearly
the speed of light,
160
00:12:05,537 --> 00:12:07,706
penetrating everything in its path,
161
00:12:07,789 --> 00:12:09,875
woods, metal, concrete, flesh.
162
00:12:11,293 --> 00:12:14,254
Every gram of U-235 holds
163
00:12:14,338 --> 00:12:17,299
over a billion trillion
of these bullets.
164
00:12:17,382 --> 00:12:18,925
That's in one gram.
165
00:12:19,009 --> 00:12:22,012
Now, Chernobyl holds
over three million grams,
166
00:12:22,095 --> 00:12:23,555
and right now, it is on fire.
167
00:12:25,015 --> 00:12:29,144
Winds will carry radioactive particles
across the entire continent,
168
00:12:29,603 --> 00:12:31,188
rain will bring them down on us.
169
00:12:31,271 --> 00:12:34,399
That's three million
billion trillion bullets
170
00:12:34,483 --> 00:12:37,944
in the... (SIGHS)
In the air we breathe,
171
00:12:38,362 --> 00:12:40,864
the water we drink, the food we eat.
172
00:12:43,450 --> 00:12:46,828
Most of these bullets
will not stop firing for 100 years.
173
00:12:47,913 --> 00:12:50,916
Some of them, not for 50,000 years.
174
00:12:51,208 --> 00:12:53,919
(CLEARS THROAT) Yes, and this concern
175
00:12:55,045 --> 00:12:58,548
stems entirely from
the description of a rock?
176
00:13:03,261 --> 00:13:04,262
Yes.
177
00:13:06,932 --> 00:13:07,933
Hmm.
178
00:13:11,478 --> 00:13:12,479
Comrade Shcherbina...
179
00:13:14,147 --> 00:13:15,857
I want you to go to Chernobyl.
180
00:13:16,733 --> 00:13:18,693
You take a look at the reactor,
you personally,
181
00:13:18,944 --> 00:13:20,821
and you report directly back to me.
182
00:13:21,029 --> 00:13:23,281
A wise decision,
comrade General Secretary...
183
00:13:23,365 --> 00:13:24,991
And take Professor Legasov with you.
184
00:13:26,701 --> 00:13:27,994
SHCHERBINA: Uh... (CHUCKLES)
185
00:13:28,328 --> 00:13:31,248
Forgive me, comrade
General Secretary, but I...
186
00:13:31,331 --> 00:13:33,291
Do you know how
a nuclear reactor works?
187
00:13:35,752 --> 00:13:37,087
-No.
-GORBACHEV: No.
188
00:13:37,170 --> 00:13:39,131
Well, then how will you know
what you're looking at?
189
00:13:40,507 --> 00:13:41,675
Meeting adjourned.
190
00:14:00,861 --> 00:14:02,863
(HELICOPTER BLADES WHIRRING)
191
00:14:41,485 --> 00:14:43,069
How does a nuclear reactor work?
192
00:14:43,153 --> 00:14:45,405
-What?
-SHCHERBINA: It's a simple question.
193
00:14:47,407 --> 00:14:49,284
It's hardly a simple answer.
194
00:14:49,367 --> 00:14:52,621
Of course, you presume
I'm too stupid to understand.
195
00:14:53,455 --> 00:14:56,750
So I'll restate.
Tell me how a nuclear reactor works,
196
00:14:56,833 --> 00:14:59,377
or I'll have one of these soldiers
throw you out of the helicopter.
197
00:15:09,888 --> 00:15:13,225
A nuclear reactor makes
electricity with steam.
198
00:15:13,767 --> 00:15:16,686
The steam turns a turbine
which generates electricity.
199
00:15:17,103 --> 00:15:18,647
Where a typical power plant
200
00:15:19,189 --> 00:15:20,982
makes steam by burning coal,
201
00:15:21,358 --> 00:15:23,026
a nuclear plant...
202
00:15:28,573 --> 00:15:32,619
In a nuclear plant,
we use something called fission.
203
00:15:34,246 --> 00:15:38,917
We take an unstable element
like uranium-235,
204
00:15:39,668 --> 00:15:41,670
which has too many neutrons.
205
00:15:41,753 --> 00:15:43,672
-A neutron is, uh...
-The bullet.
206
00:15:46,049 --> 00:15:47,717
Yes, the bullet.
207
00:15:48,843 --> 00:15:51,680
So, bullets are flying off
of uranium.
208
00:15:51,763 --> 00:15:52,764
Now,
209
00:15:52,847 --> 00:15:57,477
if we put enough uranium atoms
close together,
210
00:15:58,353 --> 00:16:01,773
the bullets from one atom
will eventually strike another atom.
211
00:16:02,649 --> 00:16:05,694
The force of this impact
splits that atom apart,
212
00:16:05,777 --> 00:16:08,863
releasing a tremendous
amount of energy, fission.
213
00:16:09,239 --> 00:16:11,866
-And the graphite?
-Ah... Yes.
214
00:16:12,200 --> 00:16:16,037
The neutrons are actually traveling
so fast, we call this "flux."
215
00:16:16,413 --> 00:16:18,915
It's relatively unlikely
that the uranium atoms
216
00:16:19,040 --> 00:16:20,292
will ever hit one another.
217
00:16:21,126 --> 00:16:25,797
In RBMK reactors, we surround
the fuel rods with graphite
218
00:16:25,880 --> 00:16:30,051
to moderate, slow down,
the neutron flux.
219
00:16:34,097 --> 00:16:35,140
Good.
220
00:16:36,099 --> 00:16:38,393
I know how a nuclear reactor works.
221
00:16:40,604 --> 00:16:42,022
Now I don't need you.
222
00:16:52,240 --> 00:16:54,117
(BUSY CHATTER)
223
00:16:55,827 --> 00:16:57,412
(PATIENTS COUGHING)
224
00:17:01,875 --> 00:17:03,710
Can you help me?
I need to find my husband.
225
00:17:03,793 --> 00:17:04,836
No. Not now.
226
00:17:09,299 --> 00:17:10,508
-Mikhail!
-Lyudmilla.
227
00:17:10,592 --> 00:17:12,218
-(BABY CRYING)
-Take her.
228
00:17:12,552 --> 00:17:14,304
Take her away from here, please.
229
00:17:14,387 --> 00:17:17,057
Get away from them!
You want to get sick? Go!
230
00:17:17,223 --> 00:17:18,516
Please take her, please take her.
231
00:17:18,600 --> 00:17:19,934
Please take her, please.
232
00:17:20,018 --> 00:17:22,145
Please! Please!
233
00:17:22,479 --> 00:17:24,064
Please take her!
234
00:17:28,151 --> 00:17:29,277
Um...
235
00:17:29,778 --> 00:17:32,364
Excuse me,
I am Vasily Ignatenko's wife.
236
00:17:32,697 --> 00:17:34,949
He's a fireman. Ignatenko.
237
00:17:36,701 --> 00:17:39,371
Ignatenko, Sixth Paramilitary
Fire and Rescue Unit.
238
00:17:39,454 --> 00:17:41,748
I need to find him. Please.
239
00:17:45,669 --> 00:17:47,128
MAJOR BUROV: Ignatenko...
240
00:17:47,212 --> 00:17:49,422
He's being transported
by helicopter to Moscow.
241
00:17:49,923 --> 00:17:51,049
Hospital number six.
242
00:17:51,591 --> 00:17:53,677
Why, is he all right? Can I see him?
243
00:17:53,760 --> 00:17:55,136
You want to see him? Go to Moscow.
244
00:17:55,595 --> 00:17:57,263
But they're not letting us leave here.
245
00:18:00,266 --> 00:18:01,726
Tell them Major Burov allows it.
246
00:18:03,978 --> 00:18:05,480
When are they taking him?
247
00:18:06,356 --> 00:18:07,357
MAJOR BUROV: Now.
248
00:18:09,943 --> 00:18:11,361
(INDISTINCT SHOUTING)
249
00:18:38,263 --> 00:18:39,681
We're approaching the power plant.
250
00:18:41,099 --> 00:18:42,767
(BREATHING HEAVILY)
251
00:18:46,062 --> 00:18:47,272
LEGASOV: What have they done?
252
00:18:49,065 --> 00:18:50,233
Can you see inside?
253
00:18:50,650 --> 00:18:51,860
I don't have to.
254
00:18:53,027 --> 00:18:55,864
Look. That's graphite on the roof.
255
00:18:55,947 --> 00:18:58,116
The whole building's been blown open.
256
00:18:58,199 --> 00:18:59,576
The core's exposed!
257
00:18:59,659 --> 00:19:01,536
I can't see how you can
tell that from here.
258
00:19:01,619 --> 00:19:03,997
For God's sakes. Look at that glow!
259
00:19:04,622 --> 00:19:07,167
That's radiation ionizing the air!
260
00:19:07,375 --> 00:19:09,085
Well, if we can't see, we don't know.
261
00:19:09,335 --> 00:19:10,587
Get us directly over the building!
262
00:19:10,670 --> 00:19:12,088
-Boris...
-Don't use my name!
263
00:19:12,172 --> 00:19:14,716
If we fly directly over an open
reactor, we'll be dead within a week!
264
00:19:14,799 --> 00:19:15,842
Dead!
265
00:19:17,343 --> 00:19:18,428
Sir?
266
00:19:18,511 --> 00:19:21,347
Get us over that building,
or I'll have you shot!
267
00:19:25,852 --> 00:19:27,771
If you fly directly over that core,
I promise you,
268
00:19:27,854 --> 00:19:29,564
by tomorrow morning,
you'll be begging for that bullet.
269
00:19:37,155 --> 00:19:38,281
(LEGASOV GRUNTS)
270
00:20:14,609 --> 00:20:16,236
(MUFFLED CONVERSATION)
271
00:20:18,238 --> 00:20:19,948
Perhaps if you came back another day.
272
00:20:25,245 --> 00:20:26,746
Just wonderful.
273
00:20:27,831 --> 00:20:29,415
KHOMYUK: Deputy Secretary Garanin.
274
00:20:30,625 --> 00:20:34,337
Ulana Khomyuk of the Byelorussian
Institute for Nuclear Energy.
275
00:20:34,504 --> 00:20:35,505
What a pleasure.
276
00:20:35,922 --> 00:20:38,049
-Let me introduce...
-I'm here about Chernobyl.
277
00:20:40,802 --> 00:20:42,011
Such a lovely time.
278
00:20:42,679 --> 00:20:44,931
-Visit again, soon.
-CHULKOV: I will. Thank you.
279
00:20:45,390 --> 00:20:47,559
(DOOR OPENS AND CLOSES)
280
00:20:57,861 --> 00:21:00,613
GARANIN: I must tell you,
this is why no one likes scientists.
281
00:21:01,406 --> 00:21:03,491
When we have a disease to cure,
where are they?
282
00:21:03,825 --> 00:21:07,203
In a lab, noses in their books,
and so Grandma dies.
283
00:21:07,829 --> 00:21:10,331
But when there isn't a problem,
they're everywhere, spreading fear.
284
00:21:10,415 --> 00:21:11,833
I know about Chernobyl.
285
00:21:11,916 --> 00:21:13,084
Oh?
286
00:21:13,167 --> 00:21:16,004
I know that the core is either
partially or completely exposed.
287
00:21:16,087 --> 00:21:18,423
-Whatever that means.
-And that if you don't immediately
288
00:21:18,506 --> 00:21:21,217
issue iodine tablets
and then evacuate this city,
289
00:21:21,301 --> 00:21:23,553
hundreds of thousands of people
are going to get cancer,
290
00:21:23,970 --> 00:21:25,722
and God knows how many more will die.
291
00:21:26,264 --> 00:21:27,307
Yes, very good.
292
00:21:28,099 --> 00:21:30,226
There has been
an accident at Chernobyl,
293
00:21:30,310 --> 00:21:32,103
but I've been assured
there is no problem.
294
00:21:32,437 --> 00:21:33,938
I'm telling you that there is.
295
00:21:34,480 --> 00:21:36,107
I prefer my opinion to yours.
296
00:21:36,900 --> 00:21:38,693
I'm a nuclear physicist.
297
00:21:39,944 --> 00:21:42,947
Before you were Deputy Secretary,
you worked in a shoe factory.
298
00:21:44,449 --> 00:21:47,076
Yes, I worked in a shoe factory.
299
00:21:48,912 --> 00:21:50,163
And now, I'm in charge.
300
00:21:53,291 --> 00:21:54,792
"To the workers of the world."
301
00:21:56,252 --> 00:21:57,837
(GARANIN GULPING)
302
00:22:17,815 --> 00:22:22,528
Stable iodine will keep your thyroid
from absorbing radioactive iodine.
303
00:22:24,030 --> 00:22:26,115
Take one a day
for as long as they last.
304
00:22:26,908 --> 00:22:28,034
And go east.
305
00:22:28,993 --> 00:22:30,620
Get as far from Minsk as you can.
306
00:22:35,291 --> 00:22:37,293
(DOOR OPENS AND CLOSES)
307
00:22:55,061 --> 00:22:56,980
(AIRCRAFT WHIRRING NEARBY)
308
00:23:04,904 --> 00:23:05,905
FOMIN: It's overkill.
309
00:23:06,447 --> 00:23:08,574
Pikalov's showing off
to make us look bad.
310
00:23:08,658 --> 00:23:10,702
It doesn't matter how it looks.
311
00:23:11,494 --> 00:23:13,287
Shcherbina is a pure bureaucrat,
312
00:23:13,871 --> 00:23:15,873
as stupid as he is pigheaded.
313
00:23:16,416 --> 00:23:18,376
We'll tell him the truth
in the simplest terms possible.
314
00:23:18,459 --> 00:23:19,669
We'll be fine.
315
00:23:23,214 --> 00:23:24,215
Pikalov!
316
00:23:50,616 --> 00:23:53,286
Comrade Shcherbina,
Chief Engineer Fomin,
317
00:23:53,369 --> 00:23:56,581
Colonel General Pikalov and I
are honored at your arrival.
318
00:23:56,664 --> 00:23:57,999
Deeply, deeply honored.
319
00:23:58,291 --> 00:24:01,252
Naturally, we regret
the circumstances of your visit,
320
00:24:01,335 --> 00:24:03,379
but, as you can see,
we are making excellent progress
321
00:24:03,463 --> 00:24:05,048
in containing the damage.
322
00:24:05,131 --> 00:24:10,136
We have begun our own inquiry
into the cause of the accident,
323
00:24:10,219 --> 00:24:13,264
and I have a list of individuals
324
00:24:13,347 --> 00:24:15,600
who we believe are accountable.
325
00:24:38,498 --> 00:24:39,916
Professor Legasov, I understand
326
00:24:39,999 --> 00:24:42,293
you've been saying dangerous things.
327
00:24:42,376 --> 00:24:43,753
FOMIN: Very dangerous things.
328
00:24:44,128 --> 00:24:46,047
Apparently, our reactor core exploded.
329
00:24:47,131 --> 00:24:51,010
Please, tell me how
an RBMK reactor core explodes.
330
00:24:53,387 --> 00:24:55,431
I'm not prepared to explain it
at this time.
331
00:24:56,182 --> 00:24:58,559
As I presumed, he has no answer.
332
00:24:58,643 --> 00:25:00,937
It's disgraceful, really.
333
00:25:01,813 --> 00:25:04,398
To spread disinformation
at a time like this.
334
00:25:10,905 --> 00:25:13,241
Why did I see graphite on the roof?
335
00:25:14,200 --> 00:25:15,827
Graphite is only found in the core,
336
00:25:15,910 --> 00:25:18,830
where it's used as
a neutron flux moderator.
337
00:25:19,330 --> 00:25:20,373
Correct?
338
00:25:21,707 --> 00:25:25,253
Fomin, why did the Deputy Chairman
see graphite on the roof?
339
00:25:26,337 --> 00:25:27,713
Well, that can't be.
340
00:25:29,090 --> 00:25:31,759
Comrade Shcherbina,
my apologies, but graphite...
341
00:25:31,968 --> 00:25:33,010
That's not possible.
342
00:25:33,177 --> 00:25:35,263
Perhaps you saw burnt concrete.
343
00:25:35,346 --> 00:25:36,681
Now there you made a mistake,
344
00:25:37,306 --> 00:25:39,725
because I may not know much
about nuclear reactors,
345
00:25:40,184 --> 00:25:41,477
but I know a lot about concrete.
346
00:25:42,436 --> 00:25:44,814
-Comrade, I assure you...
-I understand.
347
00:25:45,690 --> 00:25:47,358
You think Legasov is wrong?
348
00:25:48,609 --> 00:25:49,819
How shall we prove it?
349
00:25:51,821 --> 00:25:53,990
Our high-range dosimeter just arrived.
350
00:25:55,116 --> 00:25:57,326
We could cover one of our trucks
with lead shielding,
351
00:25:58,161 --> 00:25:59,787
mount the dosimeter on the front.
352
00:26:06,335 --> 00:26:09,005
Have one of your men
get as close to the fire as he can.
353
00:26:09,672 --> 00:26:11,340
Give him every bit
of protection you have.
354
00:26:11,424 --> 00:26:14,927
But understand that even with
lead shielding, it may not be enough.
355
00:26:17,430 --> 00:26:18,598
Then I'll do it myself.
356
00:26:24,061 --> 00:26:25,062
Good.
357
00:27:59,323 --> 00:28:01,409
(MUFFLED CONVERSATIONS)
358
00:28:23,806 --> 00:28:24,849
He's back.
359
00:28:54,587 --> 00:28:55,755
It's not three roentgen.
360
00:28:56,589 --> 00:28:57,590
It's 15,000.
361
00:28:58,966 --> 00:29:00,259
BRYUKHANOV: Comrade Shcherbina...
362
00:29:01,427 --> 00:29:02,928
What does that number mean?
363
00:29:03,012 --> 00:29:04,930
It means the core is open.
364
00:29:05,639 --> 00:29:07,767
It means the fire
we're watching with our own eyes
365
00:29:07,850 --> 00:29:09,393
is giving off nearly
twice the radiation
366
00:29:09,477 --> 00:29:11,228
released by the bomb in Hiroshima.
367
00:29:11,312 --> 00:29:13,147
And that's every single hour.
368
00:29:13,230 --> 00:29:16,192
Hour after hour,
20 hours since the explosion,
369
00:29:16,275 --> 00:29:17,902
so 40 bombs' worth by now.
370
00:29:18,152 --> 00:29:19,320
Forty-eight more tomorrow.
371
00:29:19,612 --> 00:29:22,156
And it will not stop.
Not in a week, not in a month.
372
00:29:22,239 --> 00:29:23,783
It will burn and spread its poison
373
00:29:23,866 --> 00:29:25,951
until the entire continent is dead.
374
00:29:29,789 --> 00:29:31,999
Please escort Comrades
Bryukhanov and Fomin
375
00:29:32,083 --> 00:29:33,626
to the local party headquarters.
376
00:29:34,460 --> 00:29:35,920
-Thank you for your service.
-Comrade...
377
00:29:36,003 --> 00:29:37,171
You're excused.
378
00:29:38,047 --> 00:29:39,673
Dyatlov was in charge.
379
00:29:41,300 --> 00:29:42,593
It was Dyatlov!
380
00:29:43,052 --> 00:29:45,638
-Tell me how to put it out.
-We'll use helicopters.
381
00:29:45,888 --> 00:29:47,473
We'll drop water on it
like a forest fire.
382
00:29:47,556 --> 00:29:50,267
No, no, no. You don't understand.
This isn't a fire.
383
00:29:51,185 --> 00:29:55,106
This is a fissioning reactor core
burning at over 2,000 degrees.
384
00:29:55,189 --> 00:29:56,899
The heat will instantly
vaporize the water...
385
00:29:56,982 --> 00:29:58,192
How do we put it out?
386
00:29:58,692 --> 00:29:59,902
(SIGHS HEAVILY)
387
00:30:01,445 --> 00:30:03,447
You are dealing with something
388
00:30:03,531 --> 00:30:07,451
that has never occurred
on this planet before.
389
00:30:09,954 --> 00:30:10,955
Boron.
390
00:30:12,498 --> 00:30:13,958
Boron and sand.
391
00:30:14,875 --> 00:30:17,420
Well, that'll create problems
of its own,
392
00:30:17,503 --> 00:30:19,213
but I don't see any other way.
393
00:30:19,964 --> 00:30:21,757
Of course, it's going to take
thousands of drops,
394
00:30:21,841 --> 00:30:24,427
because you can't fly the helicopters
directly over the core,
395
00:30:24,510 --> 00:30:26,095
so most of it is going to miss.
396
00:30:26,178 --> 00:30:28,347
-How much sand and boron?
-Well, I can't be...
397
00:30:28,431 --> 00:30:31,767
-For God's sake, roughly!
-Five thousand tons.
398
00:30:32,560 --> 00:30:35,312
And obviously, we're going to need
to evacuate an enormous area...
399
00:30:35,396 --> 00:30:37,022
Never mind that. Focus on the fire.
400
00:30:37,106 --> 00:30:39,150
I am focusing on the fire.
401
00:30:39,775 --> 00:30:43,154
The wind,
it's carrying all that smoke.
402
00:30:44,196 --> 00:30:45,739
All that radiation.
403
00:30:46,157 --> 00:30:48,993
At least evacuate Pripyat.
It's three kilometers away.
404
00:30:49,076 --> 00:30:51,120
-That's my decision to make.
-Then make it.
405
00:30:51,203 --> 00:30:53,914
-I've been told not to.
-Is it or is not your decision?
406
00:30:53,998 --> 00:30:55,166
I'm in charge here!
407
00:30:55,791 --> 00:30:57,418
This will go much easier
if you talk to me
408
00:30:57,501 --> 00:30:58,794
about the things you do understand
409
00:30:58,878 --> 00:31:00,963
and not about the things
you do not understand.
410
00:31:05,468 --> 00:31:06,760
Where are you going?
411
00:31:06,844 --> 00:31:10,055
SHCHERBINA: I'm going to get you
5,000 tons of sand and boron.
412
00:31:18,522 --> 00:31:19,773
There's a hotel.
413
00:31:47,176 --> 00:31:48,552
(PHONE RINGS)
414
00:31:48,636 --> 00:31:50,054
(INDISTINCT CHATTER)
415
00:32:05,194 --> 00:32:06,987
(MUSIC PLAYING OVER RADIO)
416
00:32:16,497 --> 00:32:17,748
I'd prefer one of those.
417
00:32:26,549 --> 00:32:28,133
WOMAN: Superstitious?
418
00:32:37,226 --> 00:32:38,936
Moscow?
419
00:32:42,439 --> 00:32:44,316
Are you here because of the fire?
420
00:32:45,776 --> 00:32:47,027
(SIGHS SOFTLY)
421
00:32:49,196 --> 00:32:51,615
Anything we should be worried about?
422
00:32:55,703 --> 00:32:56,787
(SIGHS)
423
00:32:56,870 --> 00:32:57,913
No.
424
00:32:58,247 --> 00:32:59,248
(CHUCKLES LIGHTLY)
425
00:33:06,005 --> 00:33:07,006
(GLASS TAPS)
426
00:33:41,999 --> 00:33:43,542
(TREES RUSTLING)
427
00:33:48,589 --> 00:33:50,716
(HELICOPTER BLADES WHIRRING)
428
00:33:58,307 --> 00:34:00,392
(INDISTINCT RADIO CHATTER)
429
00:34:03,437 --> 00:34:06,023
PILOT: (OVER RADIO) We're in position.
Approaching drop.
430
00:34:07,358 --> 00:34:08,692
STASIUK: (OVER RADIO)
Clear to proceed.
431
00:34:10,653 --> 00:34:13,864
PILOT: Copy.
We'll go one by one in rotation.
432
00:34:19,036 --> 00:34:20,829
Remind them about the perimeter.
433
00:34:24,583 --> 00:34:26,710
They cannot fly
directly over the fire.
434
00:34:26,794 --> 00:34:29,213
A minimum of a ten-meter perimeter.
435
00:34:29,296 --> 00:34:30,506
PILOT: Ten-meter perimeter. Copy.
436
00:34:30,839 --> 00:34:34,385
Lead One, per pre-flight,
maintain minimum ten-meter perimeter.
437
00:34:34,927 --> 00:34:35,969
LEAD ONE: Copy that.
438
00:34:36,053 --> 00:34:39,556
Forty meters, 35, 30...
439
00:34:40,724 --> 00:34:42,559
(RADIO STATIC CRACKLING)
440
00:34:43,560 --> 00:34:44,561
LEGASOV: No, no, no.
441
00:34:44,645 --> 00:34:46,397
They're too close.
442
00:34:46,480 --> 00:34:48,232
If they can't get over the fire,
how are they supposed...
443
00:34:48,315 --> 00:34:49,858
The wind will have to carry it.
444
00:34:49,942 --> 00:34:52,569
Tell them,
they cannot go over the core.
445
00:34:55,197 --> 00:34:56,407
STASIUK: Lead One is too close.
446
00:34:56,490 --> 00:34:58,909
I repeat, they are too close.
447
00:34:58,992 --> 00:35:00,244
PILOT: Copy.
448
00:35:01,078 --> 00:35:03,205
Lead One,
you are inside the perimeter.
449
00:35:04,039 --> 00:35:07,292
LEAD ONE: Did not copy.
Signal's breaking up.
450
00:35:09,086 --> 00:35:10,129
PILOT: Lead One?
451
00:35:11,588 --> 00:35:12,589
Do you copy?
452
00:35:13,549 --> 00:35:14,925
Lead One, do you copy?
453
00:35:15,926 --> 00:35:17,803
Lead One, come in.
454
00:35:17,886 --> 00:35:19,638
Do you copy, Lead One?
455
00:35:19,722 --> 00:35:20,889
Lead One!
456
00:35:23,267 --> 00:35:25,185
(HELICOPTER ENGINE WHINES)
457
00:35:30,149 --> 00:35:31,734
(DISTANT CLANGING)
458
00:35:39,450 --> 00:35:41,577
STASIUK: Sir?
What do I tell the others?
459
00:35:44,288 --> 00:35:46,206
Is there any other way, Legasov?
460
00:35:54,798 --> 00:35:55,966
Send the next one in.
461
00:35:58,177 --> 00:35:59,762
Tell them to approach from the west.
462
00:36:00,929 --> 00:36:04,016
STASIUK: Lead Two,
approach from the west.
463
00:36:22,743 --> 00:36:24,578
(PHONE RINGING)
464
00:36:25,329 --> 00:36:27,289
MARINA:
Kurchatov Institute Laboratory Four.
465
00:36:28,040 --> 00:36:31,752
KHOMYUK: Marina Gruzinskaya,
it's Ulana Khomyuk from Minsk.
466
00:36:34,296 --> 00:36:35,297
MARINA: Oh, yes.
467
00:36:35,380 --> 00:36:37,925
How nice of you to phone.
It's been too long.
468
00:36:38,008 --> 00:36:39,134
It has.
469
00:36:39,218 --> 00:36:41,845
I was actually calling
about our friend.
470
00:36:41,929 --> 00:36:44,181
-You know, the one in the country.
-Oh, yes, of course.
471
00:36:44,264 --> 00:36:47,810
I wanted to see how he's doing.
It's so hot there right now.
472
00:36:47,893 --> 00:36:50,354
Yes, it's extremely hot,
473
00:36:50,437 --> 00:36:51,939
but his nephews are flying down,
474
00:36:52,022 --> 00:36:53,941
and they always bring cool weather.
475
00:36:54,024 --> 00:36:55,442
Oh, which nephews?
476
00:36:56,610 --> 00:36:59,863
Simka, who's 14,
and little Boris, who's five.
477
00:37:00,405 --> 00:37:01,782
Well, that's wonderful.
478
00:37:01,865 --> 00:37:03,742
Though children can
make you even hotter
479
00:37:03,826 --> 00:37:05,410
when they're crawling all over you.
480
00:37:05,494 --> 00:37:06,745
Maybe I should visit them.
481
00:37:06,829 --> 00:37:08,956
No, they don't want visitors.
482
00:37:09,039 --> 00:37:11,124
I'm sorry, um,
I have to get back to work.
483
00:37:11,208 --> 00:37:13,126
It's very busy right now. Goodbye.
484
00:37:16,505 --> 00:37:18,841
They're dropping sand
and boron on the fire.
485
00:37:20,050 --> 00:37:21,134
It's what I would do.
486
00:37:23,262 --> 00:37:25,097
Yes, I'm sure it is.
487
00:37:47,452 --> 00:37:48,662
Where are you going?
488
00:37:49,746 --> 00:37:50,747
Chernobyl.
489
00:37:51,999 --> 00:37:53,000
(DOOR OPENS)
490
00:37:56,295 --> 00:37:58,255
(DOOR OPENS, CLOSES)
491
00:37:59,089 --> 00:38:01,925
It's been smooth. Twenty drops.
492
00:38:02,009 --> 00:38:03,886
(HELICOPTER WHIRRING NEARBY)
493
00:38:07,598 --> 00:38:09,182
What?
494
00:38:11,768 --> 00:38:15,439
(SIGHS) There are 50,000 people
in this city.
495
00:38:15,522 --> 00:38:16,648
(SIGHS)
496
00:38:16,732 --> 00:38:20,027
Professor Ilyin,
who's also on the commission,
497
00:38:20,110 --> 00:38:22,946
says the radiation isn't
high enough to evacuate.
498
00:38:23,030 --> 00:38:25,198
Ilyin isn't a physicist.
499
00:38:25,282 --> 00:38:27,784
Well, he's a medical doctor.
If he says it's safe, it's safe.
500
00:38:27,868 --> 00:38:30,370
-Not if they stay here.
-We're staying here.
501
00:38:30,454 --> 00:38:33,790
Yes, we are, and we'll be dead
in five years.
502
00:38:42,633 --> 00:38:45,010
I'm sorry, I...
503
00:38:45,093 --> 00:38:46,678
I'm sorry.
504
00:39:07,658 --> 00:39:09,368
(PHONE RINGING)
505
00:39:25,133 --> 00:39:27,219
-Shcherbina.
-(MAN SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY)
506
00:39:37,646 --> 00:39:38,897
Thank you.
507
00:39:45,570 --> 00:39:49,366
A nuclear plant in Sweden
has detected radiation
508
00:39:49,449 --> 00:39:52,494
and identified it
as a by-product of our fuel.
509
00:39:53,620 --> 00:39:55,998
The Americans took satellite photos.
510
00:39:57,374 --> 00:40:00,544
The reactor building,
the smoke, the fire.
511
00:40:00,919 --> 00:40:02,087
(SIGHS)
512
00:40:03,088 --> 00:40:04,798
The whole world knows.
513
00:40:11,805 --> 00:40:13,890
The wind has been blowing
toward Germany.
514
00:40:15,851 --> 00:40:18,186
They're not letting
children play outside
515
00:40:20,230 --> 00:40:21,690
in Frankfurt.
516
00:40:33,452 --> 00:40:34,494
Want a smoke?
517
00:40:50,886 --> 00:40:53,430
NEWSCASTER: There has been a nuclear
accident in the Soviet Union
518
00:40:53,513 --> 00:40:55,307
and the Soviets
have admitted that it happened.
519
00:40:55,390 --> 00:40:56,767
The Soviet version is this,
520
00:40:56,892 --> 00:40:58,393
One of the atomic reactors
521
00:40:58,477 --> 00:41:01,730
at the Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant
near the city of Kiev was damaged,
522
00:41:01,813 --> 00:41:03,648
and there is speculation in Moscow
523
00:41:03,732 --> 00:41:06,151
that people were injured
and may have died.
524
00:41:06,234 --> 00:41:09,154
The Soviets may have been fairly quick
to acknowledge the accident
525
00:41:09,237 --> 00:41:12,574
because evidence in the form
of mild nuclear radiation
526
00:41:12,657 --> 00:41:16,119
had already reached beyond
the Soviet borders to Scandinavia.
527
00:41:49,778 --> 00:41:53,240
(WOMAN CALLING FOR ATTENTION
IN RUSSIAN OVER MEGAPHONE)
528
00:41:58,078 --> 00:42:00,372
(WOMAN ANNOUNCING IN RUSSIAN
OVER MEGAPHONE)
529
00:42:32,863 --> 00:42:34,990
(WOMAN CONTINUES ANNOUNCING
OVER MEGAPHONE)
530
00:43:05,312 --> 00:43:06,938
(INAUDIBLE)
531
00:43:22,704 --> 00:43:24,080
(GIRL CRYING)
532
00:43:35,759 --> 00:43:37,928
(ANNOUNCEMENT CONTINUES
OVER MEGAPHONE)
533
00:43:58,615 --> 00:44:00,492
(INAUDIBLE)
534
00:44:20,637 --> 00:44:23,306
(ANNOUNCEMENT REPEATING
OVER MEGAPHONE)
535
00:44:28,853 --> 00:44:31,064
(SIREN WAILING)
536
00:45:31,291 --> 00:45:34,210
I said turn around.
This is a restricted zone.
537
00:45:34,294 --> 00:45:36,588
I'm from the Byelorussian
Institute for Nuclear Energy.
538
00:45:36,671 --> 00:45:38,214
Do you have permission?
539
00:45:38,298 --> 00:45:40,800
Listen to me, I need to speak
to someone urgently.
540
00:45:40,884 --> 00:45:42,093
Turn around right now,
541
00:45:42,177 --> 00:45:43,219
or I'll arrest you.
542
00:45:43,303 --> 00:45:47,140
If you arrest me, you should take me
to the highest possible authority.
543
00:45:51,728 --> 00:45:54,272
LEGASOV: We have to start
a radiological survey.
544
00:45:54,356 --> 00:45:58,026
Sector by sector, on foot,
dosimeters in hand.
545
00:45:59,986 --> 00:46:01,363
Are you all right?
546
00:46:04,157 --> 00:46:05,492
Of course.
547
00:46:05,575 --> 00:46:06,868
(FOOTSTEPS APPROACH)
548
00:46:06,951 --> 00:46:11,122
Comrades... The guards arrested
this woman at the south checkpoint.
549
00:46:11,206 --> 00:46:12,791
I'd have put her in a cell...
550
00:46:12,874 --> 00:46:15,210
But he thought you should
know that I know.
551
00:46:15,293 --> 00:46:17,253
I know that
your reactor core is exposed.
552
00:46:17,337 --> 00:46:20,090
I know the graphite's on fire,
the fuel is melting,
553
00:46:20,173 --> 00:46:22,300
and you're dropping
sand and boron on it,
554
00:46:22,384 --> 00:46:25,303
which you probably thought was
smart, but you've made a mistake.
555
00:46:25,387 --> 00:46:28,723
Ulana Yuriyvna Khomyuk,
Chief Physicist,
556
00:46:28,807 --> 00:46:31,017
Byelorussian Institute
for Nuclear Energy.
557
00:46:31,101 --> 00:46:34,521
And you are
Valery Alexeyevich Legasov?
558
00:46:34,604 --> 00:46:36,940
Smothering the core
will put the fire out,
559
00:46:37,023 --> 00:46:39,901
but the temperature will
eventually increase...
560
00:46:39,984 --> 00:46:41,528
LEGASOV: Believe me,
I'm perfectly aware.
561
00:46:41,611 --> 00:46:43,655
But I estimate at least a month
562
00:46:43,738 --> 00:46:45,573
before it melts through
the lower concrete pad,
563
00:46:45,657 --> 00:46:46,783
-which gives us time...
-KHOMYUK: No.
564
00:46:46,866 --> 00:46:49,244
You don't have a month.
You have approximately two days.
565
00:46:50,370 --> 00:46:51,538
Yes,
566
00:46:51,621 --> 00:46:53,623
the fuel would take a month
567
00:46:53,706 --> 00:46:55,708
to reach the concrete pad here.
568
00:46:56,167 --> 00:46:57,168
But first...
569
00:46:58,586 --> 00:47:01,798
it's going to burn through
the biological shield here by Tuesday.
570
00:47:01,881 --> 00:47:03,341
And when it does,
571
00:47:03,425 --> 00:47:06,344
it's going to hit these tanks,
bubbler pools, reservoirs...
572
00:47:06,428 --> 00:47:09,305
Reservoirs for the ECS.
I understand your concern,
573
00:47:09,389 --> 00:47:11,516
but I confirmed it
with plant personnel.
574
00:47:11,599 --> 00:47:13,893
-The tanks are nearly empty.
-No, they were nearly empty.
575
00:47:15,145 --> 00:47:17,981
Each of these points here, here,
576
00:47:18,064 --> 00:47:20,692
and here all drain
to the bubbler pools.
577
00:47:20,775 --> 00:47:23,445
I'm guessing that every pipe
in the building ruptured.
578
00:47:23,528 --> 00:47:26,573
And then there are those fire engines
that I saw on the way in.
579
00:47:26,656 --> 00:47:28,741
The fire hoses are still connected.
580
00:47:29,492 --> 00:47:32,203
They've been gushing water
into the structure this whole time.
581
00:47:32,287 --> 00:47:33,580
The tanks are full.
582
00:47:35,081 --> 00:47:37,417
(SIGHS) The tanks are full.
583
00:47:39,711 --> 00:47:40,795
(SIGHS)
584
00:47:40,879 --> 00:47:43,590
(IN RUSSIAN) From the Council
of Ministers of the USSR.
585
00:47:43,923 --> 00:47:48,386
An accident has occurred
at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station.
586
00:47:48,470 --> 00:47:51,681
One of the nuclear reactors
has been damaged.
587
00:47:51,764 --> 00:47:55,435
Measures are being taken to address
the consequences of the accident.
588
00:47:55,518 --> 00:47:58,146
Victims are receiving assistance.
589
00:47:58,229 --> 00:48:00,899
A government commission
has been formed.
590
00:48:07,071 --> 00:48:08,364
(DOOR OPENS)
591
00:48:17,290 --> 00:48:21,503
I have 10 minutes,
then I'm back on the phone
592
00:48:21,586 --> 00:48:24,506
apologizing to our friends,
593
00:48:24,589 --> 00:48:26,966
apologizing to our enemies.
594
00:48:28,051 --> 00:48:31,304
Our power comes
from the perception of our power.
595
00:48:31,971 --> 00:48:35,016
Do you understand
the damage this has done?
596
00:48:35,099 --> 00:48:37,143
Do you understand what's at stake?
597
00:48:39,479 --> 00:48:40,730
Boris.
598
00:48:43,274 --> 00:48:47,195
Professor Legasov
will deliver our briefing.
599
00:48:49,405 --> 00:48:50,949
There is some good news.
600
00:48:51,032 --> 00:48:53,743
The air drops are working
to douse the fire.
601
00:48:53,826 --> 00:48:57,622
There's been a reduction
in radionuclide emissions,
602
00:48:57,705 --> 00:49:01,793
but the fire will not be extinguished
for at least another two weeks.
603
00:49:04,337 --> 00:49:07,674
There is also an additional problem.
604
00:49:08,758 --> 00:49:10,593
Nuclear fuel doesn't turn cold
605
00:49:10,677 --> 00:49:13,388
simply because it is not on fire.
606
00:49:13,471 --> 00:49:14,764
In fact, the temperature
will likely rise
607
00:49:14,847 --> 00:49:17,767
as a result of the blanket of sand
we've dropped.
608
00:49:17,850 --> 00:49:20,687
The uranium will melt the sand,
609
00:49:20,770 --> 00:49:22,647
creating a kind of lava
610
00:49:22,730 --> 00:49:25,858
which will begin to melt down
through the shield below.
611
00:49:25,942 --> 00:49:27,610
You have made lava?
612
00:49:29,821 --> 00:49:31,781
I anticipated this.
613
00:49:33,825 --> 00:49:38,246
I believed there was time to reinforce
this lower concrete pad
614
00:49:38,329 --> 00:49:41,457
before the lava reached the Earth
and contaminated the groundwater.
615
00:49:41,541 --> 00:49:44,669
But as it turned out, I was
worried about the wrong thing.
616
00:49:44,752 --> 00:49:46,462
Uh...
617
00:49:46,546 --> 00:49:50,091
It was my understanding
that these large water tanks
618
00:49:50,174 --> 00:49:52,885
under the reactor
were essentially empty.
619
00:49:52,969 --> 00:49:56,055
This is Ulana Khomyuk
of the Byelorussian Institute.
620
00:49:56,139 --> 00:49:58,308
Thanks to her insight,
we are now aware
621
00:49:58,391 --> 00:50:01,853
that the tanks are, in fact, full.
622
00:50:01,936 --> 00:50:05,481
Of water.
Why is that a problem, Professor?
623
00:50:06,691 --> 00:50:07,942
(KHOMYUK CLEARS THROAT)
624
00:50:09,819 --> 00:50:11,613
When the lava enters these tanks,
625
00:50:11,696 --> 00:50:14,115
it will instantly
superheat and vaporize
626
00:50:14,198 --> 00:50:17,869
approximately 7,000
cubic meters of water,
627
00:50:17,952 --> 00:50:21,331
causing a significant
thermal explosion.
628
00:50:22,040 --> 00:50:23,666
How significant?
629
00:50:23,750 --> 00:50:27,503
We estimate
between two and four megatons.
630
00:50:27,962 --> 00:50:30,548
Everything within
a 30-kilometer radius
631
00:50:30,632 --> 00:50:32,550
will be completely destroyed,
632
00:50:32,634 --> 00:50:36,012
including the three remaining
reactors at Chernobyl.
633
00:50:36,095 --> 00:50:39,474
The entirety of the radioactive
material in all of the cores
634
00:50:39,557 --> 00:50:42,769
will be ejected at force
635
00:50:42,852 --> 00:50:44,896
and dispersed by a massive shock wave,
636
00:50:46,105 --> 00:50:48,232
which will extend
637
00:50:48,316 --> 00:50:51,152
approximately 200 kilometers
638
00:50:51,235 --> 00:50:54,280
and likely be fatal
to the entire population of Kiev
639
00:50:54,364 --> 00:50:56,157
as well as a portion of Minsk.
640
00:50:56,741 --> 00:50:59,577
The release of radiation
will be severe
641
00:50:59,661 --> 00:51:01,204
and will impact
642
00:51:01,287 --> 00:51:05,541
all of Soviet Ukraine,
Latvia, Lithuania,
643
00:51:05,625 --> 00:51:10,046
Byelorussia, as well as Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
644
00:51:10,129 --> 00:51:12,423
Romania, and most of East Germany.
645
00:51:16,302 --> 00:51:19,097
What do you mean "impact?"
646
00:51:20,098 --> 00:51:22,684
For much of the area,
a nearly permanent disruption
647
00:51:22,767 --> 00:51:24,477
of the food and water supply,
648
00:51:25,561 --> 00:51:28,398
a steep increase in the rates
of cancer and birth defects.
649
00:51:28,481 --> 00:51:30,983
I don't know how many deaths
there will be, but many.
650
00:51:31,901 --> 00:51:33,736
For Byelorussia and the Ukraine,
651
00:51:33,820 --> 00:51:36,489
"impact" means
completely uninhabitable
652
00:51:36,572 --> 00:51:39,075
for a minimum of 100 years.
653
00:51:43,579 --> 00:51:46,916
There are more than 50 million people
654
00:51:46,999 --> 00:51:49,711
living in Byelorussia and Ukraine.
655
00:51:49,794 --> 00:51:51,754
Sixty, yes.
656
00:51:56,092 --> 00:51:57,844
And how long before this happens?
657
00:51:58,344 --> 00:52:00,722
Approximately 48 to 72 hours.
658
00:52:05,476 --> 00:52:07,729
But we may have a solution.
659
00:52:07,812 --> 00:52:09,772
We can pump the water from the tanks.
660
00:52:09,856 --> 00:52:13,025
Unfortunately, the tanks are
sealed shut by a sluice gate,
661
00:52:13,109 --> 00:52:14,736
and the gate can only be opened
662
00:52:14,819 --> 00:52:16,779
manually from within
the duct system itself.
663
00:52:16,863 --> 00:52:20,158
So, we need to find
three plant workers
664
00:52:20,241 --> 00:52:22,660
who know the facility well enough
to enter the basement,
665
00:52:22,744 --> 00:52:27,582
here, find their way through
all these duct ways,
666
00:52:27,665 --> 00:52:30,042
get to the sluice gate valve here,
667
00:52:30,126 --> 00:52:34,380
and give us the access we need
to pump out the tanks.
668
00:52:34,714 --> 00:52:37,341
Of course, we will need
your permission.
669
00:52:37,633 --> 00:52:39,469
My permission for what?
670
00:52:39,552 --> 00:52:42,138
LEGASOV: Uh, the water in these ducts,
671
00:52:42,221 --> 00:52:45,016
the level of
radioactive contamination...
672
00:52:45,099 --> 00:52:46,893
They'll likely be dead in a week.
673
00:52:49,228 --> 00:52:52,774
We're asking for your permission
to kill three men.
674
00:53:00,907 --> 00:53:02,575
Well...
675
00:53:02,658 --> 00:53:05,828
Comrade Legasov, (CLEARS THROAT)
676
00:53:05,912 --> 00:53:08,581
All victories inevitably
come at a cost.
677
00:54:03,636 --> 00:54:05,721
(WATER DRIPPING)
678
00:54:34,208 --> 00:54:37,253
And open the sluice gate valve, here.
679
00:54:38,045 --> 00:54:42,049
The valve will be difficult
to operate, so we'll need three men
680
00:54:42,133 --> 00:54:45,720
who will need to know
the basement layout.
681
00:54:45,803 --> 00:54:49,599
And, of course, any volunteers
will be rewarded.
682
00:54:50,099 --> 00:54:53,436
A yearly stipend of 400 rubles.
683
00:55:00,401 --> 00:55:05,156
And, uh, for those of you working
in reactors one and two, promotions.
684
00:55:05,239 --> 00:55:09,035
(CLEARS THROAT) Why are reactors
one and two still operating at all?
685
00:55:09,577 --> 00:55:12,872
My friend was a security guard
that night, and, uh, she's now dying.
686
00:55:13,456 --> 00:55:15,708
And we've all heard about the firemen.
687
00:55:15,791 --> 00:55:19,754
And now you want us to swim
underneath a burning reactor?
688
00:55:20,421 --> 00:55:22,465
Do you even know
how contaminated it is?
689
00:55:23,174 --> 00:55:24,175
(CLEARS THROAT)
690
00:55:24,800 --> 00:55:26,636
I don't have an exact number.
691
00:55:26,719 --> 00:55:29,931
You don't need an exact number
to know if it will kill us.
692
00:55:30,014 --> 00:55:31,265
But you can't even tell us that.
693
00:55:33,392 --> 00:55:35,728
Why should we do this?
For what, 400 rubles?
694
00:55:35,811 --> 00:55:37,438
(SOFT MURMURING)
695
00:55:39,357 --> 00:55:41,484
You'll do it because it must be done.
696
00:55:46,656 --> 00:55:49,200
You'll do it because nobody else can.
697
00:55:52,328 --> 00:55:55,915
And if you don't, millions will die.
698
00:55:57,166 --> 00:55:59,502
If you tell me that's not enough,
I won't believe you.
699
00:56:01,337 --> 00:56:05,466
This is what has always
set our people apart.
700
00:56:05,549 --> 00:56:08,469
A thousand years of sacrifice
in our veins.
701
00:56:09,512 --> 00:56:11,973
And every generation
must know its own suffering.
702
00:56:13,015 --> 00:56:16,102
I spit on the people who did this,
703
00:56:16,185 --> 00:56:18,104
and I curse the price I have to pay.
704
00:56:21,232 --> 00:56:25,194
But I'm making my peace with it,
now you make yours.
705
00:56:25,736 --> 00:56:27,405
And go into that water.
706
00:56:29,949 --> 00:56:31,784
Because it must be done.
707
00:56:48,926 --> 00:56:50,386
Ananenko.
708
00:56:54,724 --> 00:56:56,183
Bezpalov.
709
00:57:01,147 --> 00:57:02,815
Baranov.
710
00:57:34,722 --> 00:57:36,515
(HELICOPTER WHIRRING NEARBY)
711
00:59:02,643 --> 00:59:04,061
(DOOR SHUTS)
712
00:59:07,982 --> 00:59:09,441
(MUFFLED GRUNTING)
713
00:59:13,154 --> 00:59:15,156
(DOSIMETER CRACKLING)
714
01:00:05,372 --> 01:00:07,499
(DOSIMETER CONTINUES CRACKLING)
715
01:00:22,097 --> 01:00:23,098
(MUFFLED GRUNT)
716
01:00:50,584 --> 01:00:52,628
(DOSIMETER's CRACKLING GROWS LOUDER)
717
01:01:12,564 --> 01:01:14,316
(WATER SLOSHING)
718
01:01:17,653 --> 01:01:19,697
-(RAPID CRACKLING)
-(MUFFLED GASP)
719
01:01:20,447 --> 01:01:22,157
(WATER GUSHING)
720
01:01:24,118 --> 01:01:25,995
(GRUNTS URGENTLY)
721
01:01:32,167 --> 01:01:33,168
(GRUNTS)
722
01:01:37,006 --> 01:01:38,882
(ALL PANTING)
723
01:01:45,264 --> 01:01:46,265
(MUFFLED GRUNT)
724
01:01:47,641 --> 01:01:49,435
(WORRIED GRUNT)
725
01:01:49,518 --> 01:01:51,520
(DOSIMETER CRACKLING
LOUDLY AND RAPIDLY)
726
01:01:52,021 --> 01:01:53,314
(TAPPING)
727
01:02:03,949 --> 01:02:06,201
-(PANTING)
-(URGENT TAPPING)
728
01:02:06,285 --> 01:02:08,370
(LOUD AND RAPID CRACKLING CONTINUES)
729
01:02:10,205 --> 01:02:12,916
(RAPID AND HEAVY BREATHING)
54558
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