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[tense music playing]
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[distant roaring]
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[Morgan Freeman] In the four billion years
of life on our planet,
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countless species have risen…
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and fallen.
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[distant roaring]
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But one remarkable dynasty
has had a greater impact than any other.
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[roaring]
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The mammals.
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This is the story of their epic journey…
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[roaring]
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…to become rulers of the world.
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[music fades]
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[rousing music playing]
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[snarling]
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[trilling]
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[screeching]
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[rousing music continues]
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[growling]
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[wind howling]
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[rumbling]
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[rousing music intensifies]
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[music fades]
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[insects chirping]
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Hidden in the ancient Jurassic forests…
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mammals came from humble beginnings…
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ruled over by the greatest dynasty
that ever lived…
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[distant bellowing]
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…the dinosaurs.
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[growls softly]
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They dominated so totally…
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[snorting]
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…that early mammals
were confined to the shadows.
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For the most part, they were small,
keeping to the trees…
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away from the giants.
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They became nocturnal,
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developing a range of heightened senses
that helped them in the dark.
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Under the dinosaurs' rule,
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there was a limit
to how far they could rise.
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But in time, everything changed.
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One of the most violent events
in our planet's history
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heralded a new era.
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[poignant music playing]
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Despite the devastation,
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the planet did recover.
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Within a few million years,
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forests had regrown
and carpeted much of the land.
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The climate became hot and wet.
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The perfect conditions
for life to flourish.
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A world primed
for a new wave of evolution.
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-[insects chirping]
-[birds squawking]
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The asteroid had inflicted
devastating losses on the mammals…
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yet some of the smaller ones,
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able to hide in holes, had survived.
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[creature chattering]
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Free of the dinosaurs,
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they could finally
venture out of the shadows
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and come into the open.
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-[birds chirping]
-[chattering]
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Like their ancestors,
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coatis have many adaptations
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that help them thrive
in the rich rainforest.
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Extremely social,
they find safety in numbers.
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The mother's flexible nose can smell food
hidden beneath the leaf litter.
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A supersense honed over millions of years
of foraging in the darkness.
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Like all mammals, coatis are warm-blooded,
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so can be active at all times.
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That means these babies
need plenty of energy.
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Fortunately, mammals have evolved
an extraordinary solution.
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Milk.
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[suckling]
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They can feed their young
whenever they choose,
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even when food is scarce.
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But milk wasn't
the early mammals' only secret weapon.
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They also had brain power.
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[tapping]
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And it's still just as important today.
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In the forests of Costa Rica,
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this capuchin monkey
is trying to solve a puzzle.
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How to get the meat
from inside a closed clam.
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The monkey isn't strong enough
to crack the shell…
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[tapping continues]
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but it's discovered that repeated
hammering will tire the clam…
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until it finally opens.
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Learning this lesson takes a large brain…
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[clam thuds on ground]
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-…and coordination.
-[squeaks]
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[playful music playing]
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This unique intelligence
allowed their primate ancestors
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to survive in the forest
of 50 million years ago.
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Clever animals tend to be inquisitive…
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and that can pay huge dividends.
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This female has learned
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and remembered
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where she can find water.
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But it's too deep to reach.
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Luckily, she has an inspired solution.
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She turns her tail into a sponge.
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00:10:10,740 --> 00:10:15,286
But not all their challenges
are to do with finding food and water.
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[squeaks]
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Some fruit is collected not to eat…
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but to rub over their bodies.
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This fruit contains citronella,
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an oil that mosquitoes can't stand.
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00:10:40,436 --> 00:10:43,022
[uplifting music playing]
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The monkeys have discovered
their very own insect repellent.
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Free from pesky biting insects,
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the clever capuchins can finally relax.
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[music ends]
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But just as their ancestors
were beginning to make progress,
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the warm, wet conditions
in which they had thrived began to change.
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The Antarctic landmass
started to split away from South America…
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creating the space for new ocean currents…
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that helped drive a global cooling.
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The climate was switching
into a new, colder state.
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[poignant music playing]
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But that was just the beginning.
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As Antarctica became colder
and more isolated,
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the huge continent froze,
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locking up
much of the planet's fresh water.
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As the world further north dried out,
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it became a harsher,
more difficult place to live.
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Food became more spread out,
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harder to find.
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And as the Earth changed,
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so did the mammals.
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[heavy footstep]
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[snorting]
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Some became enormous.
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A male Megacerops.
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[grunting]
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Two and a half meters tall…
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[grunting]
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…four meters long…
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and three tons in weight.
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[snorting]
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[grunts]
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Its huge size allows it to travel
large distances in search of food…
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[grunting]
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00:13:46,956 --> 00:13:51,001
…and ensures it has reserves
to get through leaner times.
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00:13:54,171 --> 00:13:56,674
[majestic music playing]
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00:13:58,342 --> 00:14:04,014
Mammals were now big enough
to rival the long-lost dinosaurs.
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00:14:11,146 --> 00:14:14,942
But being big has other implications…
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especially when it comes
to finding a mate.
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[snorting]
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[grunting]
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This female is already
closely guarded by a male,
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much larger than the first.
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[snorts]
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[growling]
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If challenged,
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he could seriously injure his opponent.
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[roaring]
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[snorts]
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[grunting]
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00:15:10,748 --> 00:15:14,335
But the smaller male may be in luck.
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Another female,
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00:15:21,508 --> 00:15:24,094
and she seems to be alone.
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[grunts]
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It's the chance he's been waiting for.
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[grunting]
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00:15:38,275 --> 00:15:39,985
[growling]
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He has a rival.
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[roaring]
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00:15:46,825 --> 00:15:49,828
This time, they're evenly matched.
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[grunting, growling]
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[tense music playing]
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00:15:58,587 --> 00:15:59,797
[bellows]
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[grunting]
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00:16:02,675 --> 00:16:03,717
[bellows]
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00:16:04,885 --> 00:16:05,844
[roars]
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00:16:08,597 --> 00:16:10,307
-[bellowing]
-[growling]
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[roaring, growling]
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[growling]
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00:16:30,828 --> 00:16:32,162
[grunting]
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00:16:36,792 --> 00:16:37,960
With these mammals…
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[growls]
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…size matters.
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But even the mightiest Megacerops
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couldn't overcome
the planet's next great challenge.
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00:17:06,280 --> 00:17:11,326
The formation of Antarctica
was creating global climate chaos.
182
00:17:13,704 --> 00:17:15,581
As ocean currents shifted
183
00:17:16,749 --> 00:17:18,417
and the planet dried…
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00:17:21,086 --> 00:17:23,672
it became a tinderbox.
185
00:17:23,756 --> 00:17:25,758
[mournful music playing]
186
00:17:36,810 --> 00:17:40,314
Wildfires ravaged the land…
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clearing the way
for something completely different…
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something that would challenge mammals
as never before.
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As the smoke cleared,
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there rose from the ashes
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a life-form that had previously
only survived in the margins.
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Grass.
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Taking root during the great drying…
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it spread so quickly,
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it would soon cover one-fifth of the land.
196
00:18:51,969 --> 00:18:56,390
But the endless plains
were no paradise for the mammals.
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Many couldn't digest grass
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and soon went extinct.
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[insects chirping]
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[snorts]
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00:19:16,410 --> 00:19:18,078
Twenty million years later,
202
00:19:19,163 --> 00:19:23,709
and today's grazing mammals
remain locked in an arms race
203
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with this green invader.
204
00:19:29,965 --> 00:19:36,638
They have evolved a whole swathe
of game-changing adaptations.
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00:19:38,807 --> 00:19:40,601
Specialized teeth,
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00:19:41,226 --> 00:19:44,188
strengthened to prevent silica
in the grass
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from wearing them out…
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00:19:50,819 --> 00:19:54,281
and huge bellies to process it all.
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00:20:00,621 --> 00:20:03,081
Their young are born fully formed…
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[snorting]
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…able to walk within hours of birth…
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00:20:14,718 --> 00:20:17,638
and follow their herd
in search of fresh growth.
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00:20:21,808 --> 00:20:25,437
Mammals have truly conquered
the grassy plains…
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00:20:30,484 --> 00:20:35,572
their huge numbers the most obvious sign
of this exceptional success.
215
00:20:41,870 --> 00:20:44,998
But just as some mammals evolved
to feed on the grass,
216
00:20:46,458 --> 00:20:49,962
others evolved to feed on the grazers.
217
00:20:54,049 --> 00:20:55,175
Hunters.
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00:20:57,427 --> 00:20:59,429
[herd lowing]
219
00:21:05,435 --> 00:21:09,606
The herd has its own defense
against the cheetahs' blistering speed.
220
00:21:15,904 --> 00:21:18,115
-Many eyes…
-[snorting, grunting]
221
00:21:18,198 --> 00:21:19,574
…spot the danger early.
222
00:21:19,658 --> 00:21:22,411
-[herd grunting]
-[bird squawking]
223
00:21:22,494 --> 00:21:25,247
[tense music playing]
224
00:21:30,669 --> 00:21:32,337
[grunting]
225
00:21:32,421 --> 00:21:37,050
Running bodies create confusion
for the young to hide in.
226
00:21:39,636 --> 00:21:41,471
But the big cat has a plan…
227
00:21:43,557 --> 00:21:46,351
forged by its clever mammalian brain.
228
00:21:50,981 --> 00:21:52,065
Panic the herd,
229
00:21:52,733 --> 00:21:53,942
split them up,
230
00:21:55,360 --> 00:21:57,237
and target a lone calf.
231
00:22:07,080 --> 00:22:09,082
[tense, energetic music playing]
232
00:22:22,346 --> 00:22:24,473
Desperate to defend her only calf,
233
00:22:25,640 --> 00:22:27,684
the female wildebeest counters.
234
00:22:34,066 --> 00:22:36,526
The chase is far from over.
235
00:22:41,406 --> 00:22:43,617
The cheetah has lost a lot of ground…
236
00:22:46,328 --> 00:22:49,081
but the calf is tiring.
237
00:22:49,164 --> 00:22:51,666
[tense, energetic music continues]
238
00:23:02,886 --> 00:23:04,513
[music slows]
239
00:23:04,596 --> 00:23:06,723
As the youngster turns,
240
00:23:07,307 --> 00:23:09,976
it's the hunter
who must now run for its life.
241
00:23:15,857 --> 00:23:17,984
[herd lowing]
242
00:23:19,569 --> 00:23:21,738
The calf is safe once more…
243
00:23:21,822 --> 00:23:24,491
[calm music playing]
244
00:23:27,369 --> 00:23:29,830
…but the cheetah will be back…
245
00:23:38,213 --> 00:23:42,884
and the war between the grassland mammals
will continue
246
00:23:42,968 --> 00:23:45,971
as it has done for millions of years.
247
00:23:47,097 --> 00:23:49,266
[tranquil music playing]
248
00:24:08,952 --> 00:24:11,079
In prehistoric South America,
249
00:24:12,080 --> 00:24:15,083
the grasslands played host
to the same battle…
250
00:24:17,961 --> 00:24:19,921
but with very different animals.
251
00:24:20,714 --> 00:24:22,716
[intriguing music playing]
252
00:24:32,267 --> 00:24:33,894
This giant armadillo…
253
00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:38,190
is also a mammal…
254
00:24:40,525 --> 00:24:43,069
though one the size of a car.
255
00:24:45,572 --> 00:24:48,200
Doedicurus may not be fast,
256
00:24:49,826 --> 00:24:51,411
but what they lack in speed…
257
00:24:51,495 --> 00:24:52,787
[trilling]
258
00:24:52,871 --> 00:24:57,417
…they make up for with armor
and a lethal tail…
259
00:25:03,298 --> 00:25:04,883
[grunts softly, snorts]
260
00:25:04,966 --> 00:25:09,137
…adaptations that protect them
and their young
261
00:25:09,221 --> 00:25:11,473
from any would-be predators.
262
00:25:11,556 --> 00:25:13,391
[trilling]
263
00:25:17,687 --> 00:25:19,689
[ominous music playing]
264
00:25:25,195 --> 00:25:27,447
[soft growling]
265
00:25:29,449 --> 00:25:30,492
A Smilodon…
266
00:25:33,620 --> 00:25:35,121
but a mere youngster.
267
00:25:37,707 --> 00:25:39,167
-[soft growling]
-[snorting]
268
00:25:39,251 --> 00:25:41,211
[whimsical music playing]
269
00:25:43,338 --> 00:25:44,548
[trilling]
270
00:25:44,631 --> 00:25:46,216
He's not a serious threat…
271
00:25:46,299 --> 00:25:47,592
[trilling]
272
00:25:47,676 --> 00:25:50,053
[hissing, growling]
273
00:25:50,136 --> 00:25:52,347
…even with his dagger-like teeth.
274
00:25:56,810 --> 00:25:59,187
He's never seen a Doedicurus up close,
275
00:26:00,063 --> 00:26:03,400
and their defenses are intriguing.
276
00:26:04,901 --> 00:26:06,194
[hissing]
277
00:26:12,534 --> 00:26:14,035
[soft growling]
278
00:26:15,829 --> 00:26:18,206
His curiosity gets the better of him.
279
00:26:18,290 --> 00:26:20,458
[trilling]
280
00:26:20,542 --> 00:26:21,835
[purring]
281
00:26:24,296 --> 00:26:26,131
[trilling]
282
00:26:26,214 --> 00:26:27,799
-[grunts]
-[hisses]
283
00:26:28,717 --> 00:26:31,261
[whimsical music continues]
284
00:26:31,344 --> 00:26:33,513
[trilling]
285
00:26:33,597 --> 00:26:35,974
He explores every angle.
286
00:26:38,226 --> 00:26:40,228
[snorting]
287
00:26:42,063 --> 00:26:43,690
[trilling]
288
00:26:50,488 --> 00:26:53,992
For the young Doedicurus,
the only option is to stay put.
289
00:26:54,075 --> 00:26:55,785
[trilling]
290
00:27:01,291 --> 00:27:04,502
The giant armadillos' armor
is completely impregnable…
291
00:27:05,754 --> 00:27:07,422
[growls softly]
292
00:27:07,505 --> 00:27:08,673
…and they know it.
293
00:27:11,801 --> 00:27:13,595
-[trilling]
-[growling]
294
00:27:18,850 --> 00:27:20,352
[growling]
295
00:27:22,771 --> 00:27:25,607
But there is one obvious opportunity.
296
00:27:26,650 --> 00:27:28,610
[trilling]
297
00:27:28,693 --> 00:27:30,236
[growls]
298
00:27:31,571 --> 00:27:35,033
The young Doedicurus is so much smaller.
299
00:27:37,702 --> 00:27:39,329
If he can get a hold on it…
300
00:27:39,412 --> 00:27:41,414
-[growling]
-[trilling]
301
00:27:41,498 --> 00:27:43,875
…he might be able to turn it over.
302
00:27:43,958 --> 00:27:45,001
[hissing]
303
00:27:47,796 --> 00:27:49,381
[trilling]
304
00:27:49,464 --> 00:27:51,549
But not with the adults around.
305
00:27:54,761 --> 00:27:56,346
[low growling]
306
00:27:57,555 --> 00:28:00,016
-Another stalemate.
-[juvenile moans]
307
00:28:01,017 --> 00:28:03,019
-[trilling]
-[snarling]
308
00:28:08,650 --> 00:28:12,404
Battles between the mammals
have always driven their evolution,
309
00:28:13,571 --> 00:28:16,700
and they don't just happen
in the grasslands.
310
00:28:16,783 --> 00:28:19,285
[wind whistling]
311
00:28:19,369 --> 00:28:20,912
Fifty million years ago,
312
00:28:21,705 --> 00:28:26,376
what are now India and Asia
collided on an epic scale.
313
00:28:28,920 --> 00:28:31,715
The crash forced the land into the sky,
314
00:28:32,465 --> 00:28:35,218
creating the towering Himalayas.
315
00:28:35,885 --> 00:28:38,388
[majestic music playing]
316
00:28:42,809 --> 00:28:46,312
Today, they are 2,500 kilometers long,
317
00:28:47,188 --> 00:28:49,232
almost nine kilometers high,
318
00:28:50,567 --> 00:28:51,943
and still growing.
319
00:28:55,029 --> 00:28:57,699
With their freezing temperatures
and thin air,
320
00:28:58,491 --> 00:29:02,245
these mountains are uninhabitable
for most animals.
321
00:29:02,328 --> 00:29:04,998
[unsettling music playing]
322
00:29:07,459 --> 00:29:08,793
But not all.
323
00:29:15,717 --> 00:29:17,427
Deep in a sunless valley…
324
00:29:23,183 --> 00:29:24,684
a male snow leopard…
325
00:29:30,690 --> 00:29:33,818
and an ibex that has fallen to its death.
326
00:29:44,996 --> 00:29:47,248
The leopard is very old,
327
00:29:48,583 --> 00:29:51,544
worn and tattered
by his harsh mountain life.
328
00:29:56,716 --> 00:30:01,596
At these altitudes,
mammals must feed regularly to keep warm.
329
00:30:05,475 --> 00:30:08,770
But the Himalayas present
the ultimate hunting challenge.
330
00:30:14,442 --> 00:30:17,570
High above the valley, a female…
331
00:30:22,826 --> 00:30:26,496
and her cubs, fathered by the male.
332
00:30:28,581 --> 00:30:29,958
Three of them in total,
333
00:30:30,834 --> 00:30:33,670
all amazingly camouflaged.
334
00:30:40,343 --> 00:30:42,971
Snow leopards have thick fur,
335
00:30:44,055 --> 00:30:45,598
large paws,
336
00:30:46,683 --> 00:30:47,934
and long tails…
337
00:30:52,605 --> 00:30:56,484
perfect adaptations for the coldest,
338
00:30:57,151 --> 00:31:00,697
most precipitous nursery on Earth.
339
00:31:00,780 --> 00:31:02,782
[stirring music playing]
340
00:31:18,756 --> 00:31:20,508
[music fades]
341
00:31:23,595 --> 00:31:25,513
Away from the dangerous cliffs…
342
00:31:27,348 --> 00:31:29,350
[light, playful music playing]
343
00:31:29,434 --> 00:31:31,769
…the mother initiates a hunting lesson.
344
00:31:31,853 --> 00:31:32,937
[soft growling]
345
00:31:36,399 --> 00:31:37,650
[growling]
346
00:31:44,157 --> 00:31:47,118
Teaching and caring for one's young
347
00:31:48,786 --> 00:31:50,914
is a key mammalian trait.
348
00:32:05,470 --> 00:32:08,973
These cubs will stay with their mother
for nearly two years…
349
00:32:15,021 --> 00:32:19,984
learning the skills needed to survive
on the very edge of life.
350
00:32:20,985 --> 00:32:22,779
[music ends]
351
00:32:25,823 --> 00:32:29,953
At these altitudes,
every opportunity must be taken.
352
00:32:34,916 --> 00:32:38,002
The old male is tracking a herd.
353
00:32:44,884 --> 00:32:49,555
In this vertical world,
he must get above his prey…
354
00:32:49,639 --> 00:32:51,641
[tense music playing]
355
00:33:02,694 --> 00:33:04,320
…and close enough…
356
00:33:05,989 --> 00:33:07,490
for an ambush.
357
00:33:14,706 --> 00:33:16,708
[tense music continues]
358
00:33:46,738 --> 00:33:48,281
[loose rocks tinkle]
359
00:33:50,366 --> 00:33:52,118
[rocks clattering]
360
00:33:53,911 --> 00:33:56,330
[water splashing]
361
00:34:03,546 --> 00:34:04,505
[snorts]
362
00:34:10,845 --> 00:34:12,180
This time
363
00:34:13,181 --> 00:34:15,183
death has claimed them both.
364
00:34:20,354 --> 00:34:22,356
[poignant music playing]
365
00:34:30,948 --> 00:34:34,327
But the leopard's legacy lives on.
366
00:34:38,956 --> 00:34:40,541
In a few months' time,
367
00:34:41,793 --> 00:34:46,005
his cubs will leave their mother
and start to hunt alone,
368
00:34:47,965 --> 00:34:50,718
having learned all the skills they need
369
00:34:52,470 --> 00:34:55,181
to survive at the top of the world.
370
00:35:12,990 --> 00:35:15,493
Although they had conquered the land,
371
00:35:16,828 --> 00:35:18,788
the mammals didn't stop there.
372
00:35:18,871 --> 00:35:20,873
[insects chirping]
373
00:35:24,210 --> 00:35:29,549
One branched out and went
in an entirely different direction.
374
00:35:38,516 --> 00:35:43,771
Fifty million years ago,
bats opened up a whole new realm…
375
00:35:47,567 --> 00:35:49,277
through flight.
376
00:35:53,489 --> 00:35:55,491
[gentle music playing]
377
00:36:16,971 --> 00:36:20,266
Flying allows animals
to search much further for food…
378
00:36:23,728 --> 00:36:26,772
and gather in their millions.
379
00:36:39,160 --> 00:36:44,248
Today, one in five of all mammal species
is a bat.
380
00:36:44,332 --> 00:36:46,334
[high-pitched squeaking]
381
00:36:50,129 --> 00:36:54,300
But bats were not the first animals
to take to the skies.
382
00:36:59,430 --> 00:37:01,641
Having spent the night foraging,
383
00:37:01,724 --> 00:37:05,228
these fruit bats are in a race
to return to the roost…
384
00:37:05,311 --> 00:37:07,313
[high-pitched squeaking]
385
00:37:10,316 --> 00:37:13,653
…for with daylight comes danger.
386
00:37:15,029 --> 00:37:17,198
[tense music playing]
387
00:37:17,281 --> 00:37:18,324
Birds.
388
00:37:18,866 --> 00:37:20,868
[high-pitched squeaking]
389
00:37:26,874 --> 00:37:30,586
They evolved flight
long before the mammals.
390
00:37:41,973 --> 00:37:43,975
[tense music intensifies]
391
00:37:50,815 --> 00:37:53,442
Faster and stronger than bats…
392
00:38:01,075 --> 00:38:03,786
eagles are armed with deadly talons.
393
00:38:05,496 --> 00:38:07,498
[squeaking]
394
00:38:07,581 --> 00:38:10,167
[music fades]
395
00:38:10,251 --> 00:38:12,044
[high-pitched squeaking]
396
00:38:12,128 --> 00:38:13,963
But as dusk falls,
397
00:38:16,090 --> 00:38:19,969
the skies belong to the bats once more.
398
00:38:20,052 --> 00:38:22,555
[serene music playing]
399
00:38:22,638 --> 00:38:24,390
Millions take to the wing,
400
00:38:25,016 --> 00:38:28,644
knowing that safety lies in numbers
401
00:38:29,562 --> 00:38:32,398
and in the coming darkness.
402
00:38:47,830 --> 00:38:51,584
At the same time
as bats were first moving into the air,
403
00:38:52,293 --> 00:38:55,838
other mammals were moving into the sea…
404
00:38:59,759 --> 00:39:03,971
…attracted by the abundance of food
hidden beneath the waves.
405
00:39:17,985 --> 00:39:22,573
The mammals' journey into the oceans
was a gradual one.
406
00:39:22,656 --> 00:39:24,658
[lowing]
407
00:39:27,870 --> 00:39:29,955
These are Maiacetus,
408
00:39:30,873 --> 00:39:35,002
two-and-a-half-meter-long ancestors
of the whales.
409
00:39:38,297 --> 00:39:40,091
[lowing]
410
00:39:40,174 --> 00:39:45,888
But unlike whales, they still spend
much of their time lazing on land.
411
00:39:45,971 --> 00:39:47,973
[peaceful music playing]
412
00:39:51,811 --> 00:39:55,272
It's in the water that they come alive…
413
00:39:57,817 --> 00:39:59,610
chasing schools of fish.
414
00:40:12,415 --> 00:40:16,210
His time down here is limited
by how long he can hold his breath.
415
00:40:26,846 --> 00:40:29,557
He seems caught between two worlds,
416
00:40:31,225 --> 00:40:33,269
especially when facing danger.
417
00:40:33,352 --> 00:40:35,354
[ominous music playing]
418
00:40:49,493 --> 00:40:53,247
The mammal's intelligence
is his only defense…
419
00:40:56,792 --> 00:40:58,878
but he can't stay down here forever.
420
00:40:58,961 --> 00:41:00,963
[ominous music continues]
421
00:41:02,423 --> 00:41:03,674
Otodus.
422
00:41:04,592 --> 00:41:07,344
Twice the length of a great white shark.
423
00:41:09,180 --> 00:41:13,976
With finely-tuned senses,
it can pinpoint his exact location,
424
00:41:15,519 --> 00:41:17,980
and it's in no hurry to make its move.
425
00:41:21,317 --> 00:41:23,861
The Maiacetus is running out of air.
426
00:41:23,944 --> 00:41:25,946
[tense, hurried music playing]
427
00:41:34,121 --> 00:41:37,124
In open water, there's no escape.
428
00:41:39,919 --> 00:41:42,087
An overhang offers refuge.
429
00:41:49,553 --> 00:41:51,931
But time is running out.
430
00:41:56,185 --> 00:41:58,187
[music intensifies]
431
00:42:05,945 --> 00:42:07,821
A gully provides cover.
432
00:42:13,577 --> 00:42:15,579
[music fades]
433
00:42:15,663 --> 00:42:17,498
[grunting]
434
00:42:17,581 --> 00:42:18,582
Safe
435
00:42:19,792 --> 00:42:22,086
and able to breathe once more.
436
00:42:22,169 --> 00:42:24,171
[lowing]
437
00:42:25,005 --> 00:42:26,048
[grunting]
438
00:42:30,344 --> 00:42:35,182
Mammals had a long way to go
to become masters of the world's oceans,
439
00:42:38,602 --> 00:42:40,771
but it was only a matter of time.
440
00:42:52,324 --> 00:42:54,410
As the planet continued to cool,
441
00:42:55,286 --> 00:42:57,371
it fed an explosion of life…
442
00:43:05,671 --> 00:43:09,592
allowing the giants of today to evolve.
443
00:43:17,057 --> 00:43:19,059
[rousing music playing]
444
00:43:30,070 --> 00:43:33,282
The mammals had gone
from tiny land animals…
445
00:43:35,451 --> 00:43:38,454
to being bigger than dinosaurs.
446
00:43:58,390 --> 00:44:00,100
With each giant breath,
447
00:44:00,684 --> 00:44:05,272
they use oxygen
far more effectively than Maiacetus.
448
00:44:07,107 --> 00:44:08,901
And being warm-blooded,
449
00:44:08,984 --> 00:44:13,614
their muscles are always at a temperature
for maximum performance…
450
00:44:17,576 --> 00:44:22,790
…allowing the whales
to generate sustained bursts of energy.
451
00:44:24,083 --> 00:44:26,710
[dark, pulsing music playing]
452
00:44:34,510 --> 00:44:36,220
When competing for a mate,
453
00:44:36,929 --> 00:44:39,848
humpback males
exploit this ability to the full…
454
00:44:45,270 --> 00:44:47,106
pursuing a single female.
455
00:44:53,821 --> 00:44:56,198
This is much more than about speed.
456
00:45:01,495 --> 00:45:05,040
The males stay
as close to the female as possible
457
00:45:05,124 --> 00:45:08,544
so she can judge
their strength and stamina.
458
00:45:14,717 --> 00:45:16,719
[dark, pulsing music continues]
459
00:45:28,731 --> 00:45:33,026
Bubble streaming intimidates rivals.
460
00:45:36,780 --> 00:45:39,116
The males plow into each other.
461
00:45:49,960 --> 00:45:51,420
Some get left behind,
462
00:45:52,880 --> 00:45:53,922
still fighting.
463
00:45:54,006 --> 00:45:56,717
[dramatic music playing]
464
00:46:08,020 --> 00:46:10,898
The main group keeps up the chase…
465
00:46:13,275 --> 00:46:15,652
hot on the tail of the female.
466
00:46:26,538 --> 00:46:27,706
[music ends abruptly]
467
00:46:31,502 --> 00:46:33,003
Then suddenly,
468
00:46:33,962 --> 00:46:35,380
she stops.
469
00:46:41,220 --> 00:46:43,222
[peaceful music playing]
470
00:46:46,016 --> 00:46:47,601
Hanging in the water…
471
00:46:50,604 --> 00:46:52,523
she has called off the race.
472
00:47:01,323 --> 00:47:03,325
She has made her decision…
473
00:47:11,166 --> 00:47:13,001
and allows one male…
474
00:47:16,296 --> 00:47:17,631
to approach.
475
00:47:24,388 --> 00:47:27,891
The mammals have conquered
every habitat on Earth.
476
00:47:32,312 --> 00:47:35,607
Land, air, and sea.
477
00:47:41,572 --> 00:47:46,326
The asteroid strike had allowed
the mammals to go from lowly underdogs…
478
00:47:49,580 --> 00:47:51,540
to become a global power.
479
00:47:53,959 --> 00:48:00,591
Such is the role of chance
in the history of life on our planet.
480
00:48:05,804 --> 00:48:07,806
[music fades]
481
00:48:09,933 --> 00:48:15,606
But there is one more chapter
in the mammal story still to be told.
482
00:48:20,569 --> 00:48:22,487
Two and a half million years ago,
483
00:48:23,822 --> 00:48:26,617
the mammals were faced
with a new challenge.
484
00:48:27,868 --> 00:48:29,328
[wind howling]
485
00:48:29,411 --> 00:48:31,413
[poignant music playing]
486
00:48:37,210 --> 00:48:41,965
What had been
a slow cooling of the planet intensified.
487
00:48:49,014 --> 00:48:51,850
The start of an ice age.
488
00:48:55,646 --> 00:48:59,316
From its frozen wastes
would come a new force…
489
00:49:01,151 --> 00:49:07,407
a mammal armed with more intelligence
and adaptability than any before.
490
00:49:10,243 --> 00:49:14,081
The most dangerous animal
the world had ever seen.
491
00:49:14,164 --> 00:49:16,166
[sinister music playing]
492
00:49:19,336 --> 00:49:20,754
[music ends]
493
00:49:21,922 --> 00:49:24,508
[rousing music playing]
34646
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