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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:59,695 --> 00:01:00,904 - Good evening. 2 00:01:00,905 --> 00:01:03,031 It's been six years since a young GI stepped 3 00:01:03,032 --> 00:01:04,741 onto the tarmac at Idlewild Airport 4 00:01:04,742 --> 00:01:07,202 causing an international sensation, 5 00:01:07,203 --> 00:01:08,703 just arrived from Copenhagen, 6 00:01:08,704 --> 00:01:10,038 Christine Jorgensen was thought 7 00:01:10,039 --> 00:01:13,542 to be the first American to have successfully changed sex. 8 00:01:16,420 --> 00:01:17,963 You might be wondering where people go 9 00:01:17,964 --> 00:01:20,716 when they are experiencing problems of a sexual nature. 10 00:01:21,634 --> 00:01:23,802 - [Host] Just around the corner from our studios, 11 00:01:23,803 --> 00:01:25,387 an experimental research team 12 00:01:25,388 --> 00:01:27,597 at UCLA is interviewing dozens 13 00:01:27,598 --> 00:01:30,935 of people about emerging problems of sex and gender. 14 00:01:32,311 --> 00:01:35,273 One of their patients has presented a unique puzzle. 15 00:01:36,148 --> 00:01:40,026 For two years, our first guest, Agnes, was interviewed 16 00:01:40,027 --> 00:01:43,071 by doctors, Robert Stoller and Harold Garfinkel, 17 00:01:43,072 --> 00:01:45,156 telling them she was born a boy 18 00:01:45,157 --> 00:01:47,618 but began growing breasts at puberty. 19 00:01:49,245 --> 00:01:52,831 Recently, she returned to tell a different story, 20 00:01:52,832 --> 00:01:56,627 forcing doctors to retract years of published research. 21 00:02:00,673 --> 00:02:03,050 We will talk to Agnes right after the break. 22 00:02:07,638 --> 00:02:10,932 In our collaboration, we've been thinking together 23 00:02:10,933 --> 00:02:14,811 about the legacy of Agnes's case for a long time. 24 00:02:14,812 --> 00:02:16,730 Yeah, this is why we love having you in the project, 25 00:02:16,731 --> 00:02:19,357 because to be able to talk to people who also know 26 00:02:19,358 --> 00:02:21,943 that feeling of the archive, where you can't quit. 27 00:02:21,944 --> 00:02:24,655 - How did you first encounter Agnes? 28 00:02:33,622 --> 00:02:36,875 - [Narrator] I first encountered Agnes in graduate school. 29 00:02:36,876 --> 00:02:40,587 I read a case study about a young trans girl 30 00:02:40,588 --> 00:02:42,964 in the 1950s who lied her way 31 00:02:42,965 --> 00:02:46,260 into the UCLA gender clinic to get access to surgery. 32 00:02:47,928 --> 00:02:51,098 (gentle upbeat music) 33 00:02:56,979 --> 00:02:59,439 Agnes is remembered in two ways, 34 00:02:59,440 --> 00:03:01,107 either as a cautionary tale 35 00:03:01,108 --> 00:03:02,567 about the untrustworthiness 36 00:03:02,568 --> 00:03:06,613 of trans people or as an icon and folk hero 37 00:03:06,614 --> 00:03:09,241 who navigated a system designed to exclude her. 38 00:03:12,953 --> 00:03:15,121 In the years since I first read the case, 39 00:03:15,122 --> 00:03:17,916 I've become obsessed with our attachment to the story 40 00:03:17,917 --> 00:03:21,711 of Agnes as exceptional and I worry 41 00:03:21,712 --> 00:03:24,965 about what and who else has been lost along the way. 42 00:03:34,517 --> 00:03:37,018 - One of the weird things about Agnes is she pops up 43 00:03:37,019 --> 00:03:40,688 over and over and over again in trans writing from, 44 00:03:40,689 --> 00:03:43,858 you know, really the time at which she's, you know, 45 00:03:43,859 --> 00:03:46,152 doing interviews with Garfinkel and Stoller, 46 00:03:46,153 --> 00:03:47,779 all the way into the 80s and the 90s 47 00:03:47,780 --> 00:03:50,782 and the 2000s and I always wanted to read more. 48 00:03:50,783 --> 00:03:53,034 I always wanted to go to UCLA and find out more, 49 00:03:53,035 --> 00:03:55,203 but I also have this sort of deep mistrust 50 00:03:55,204 --> 00:03:57,789 of that whole endeavor from the real beginning 51 00:03:57,790 --> 00:03:59,874 and it's been interesting over the years 52 00:03:59,875 --> 00:04:03,086 to find out that I think a lot of people share that feeling. 53 00:04:03,087 --> 00:04:04,421 - It used to be so simple: 54 00:04:04,422 --> 00:04:06,673 you were either a boy or you were a girl. 55 00:04:06,674 --> 00:04:08,299 Growing up in the 1940s, 56 00:04:08,300 --> 00:04:10,677 Agnes always knew she was different. 57 00:04:10,678 --> 00:04:12,470 - I was the youngest of four children. 58 00:04:12,471 --> 00:04:15,098 My father was a machinist. 59 00:04:15,099 --> 00:04:17,308 He died when I was quite young, 60 00:04:17,309 --> 00:04:20,186 9 or 10 years old, 61 00:04:20,187 --> 00:04:21,771 I suppose it was all sort of normal. 62 00:04:21,772 --> 00:04:23,648 I mean, nothing out of the ordinary. 63 00:04:23,649 --> 00:04:24,941 - Did you go to school? 64 00:04:24,942 --> 00:04:26,443 - I dropped out at some point 65 00:04:26,444 --> 00:04:29,195 because I figured it wouldn't be very useful 66 00:04:29,196 --> 00:04:33,408 to have a high school diploma with a different name on it. 67 00:04:33,409 --> 00:04:35,618 - I wanted to frame out what we're doing a little bit, 68 00:04:35,619 --> 00:04:39,998 because the flip for me to the talk show is in part a nod 69 00:04:39,999 --> 00:04:42,750 to the fact that I think from many people of our generation, 70 00:04:42,751 --> 00:04:44,419 the talk show was the place where many 71 00:04:44,420 --> 00:04:48,798 of us first encountered gender nonconforming subjects. 72 00:04:48,799 --> 00:04:50,008 - Yeah. I mean, I feel like I grew up 73 00:04:50,009 --> 00:04:51,843 in the golden age of talk shows. 74 00:04:51,844 --> 00:04:54,679 I mean, they were just on continuously throughout the day. 75 00:04:54,680 --> 00:04:58,558 So if you were sick and you know, stayed home from school, 76 00:04:58,559 --> 00:05:00,310 it was very likely that you could just watch a string 77 00:05:00,311 --> 00:05:02,187 of talk shows. 78 00:05:02,188 --> 00:05:03,105 You know, there were some 79 00:05:03,106 --> 00:05:06,858 that were clearly more progressive, you know, Joan Rivers. 80 00:05:06,859 --> 00:05:10,570 - Today's show is all about sexually confusing stories. 81 00:05:10,571 --> 00:05:11,613 - And then there was, you know, 82 00:05:11,614 --> 00:05:13,698 more exploitative ones where, 83 00:05:13,699 --> 00:05:15,492 you know, people's gender identities 84 00:05:15,493 --> 00:05:18,495 were being sensationalized and they were being - electing - 85 00:05:18,496 --> 00:05:21,164 to out themselves on national television 86 00:05:21,165 --> 00:05:23,875 for whatever kind of financial incentives. 87 00:05:23,876 --> 00:05:28,255 It was helpful to have some view 88 00:05:29,507 --> 00:05:33,092 into the possibility that trans people existed 89 00:05:33,093 --> 00:05:35,887 on television, but by and large, 90 00:05:35,888 --> 00:05:39,265 the ostracization that those subjects faced 91 00:05:39,266 --> 00:05:42,143 in putting themselves out there and I can't help 92 00:05:42,144 --> 00:05:44,604 but think that they were doing it for us. 93 00:05:44,605 --> 00:05:47,649 - Are you familiar with Christine Jorgensen? 94 00:05:47,650 --> 00:05:49,943 - Yes, I do read the newspaper. 95 00:05:49,944 --> 00:05:54,280 When Jorgensen came back from Europe, 96 00:05:54,281 --> 00:05:57,242 I had something tangible to go by. 97 00:05:57,243 --> 00:06:01,664 I figured I could do something like that myself. 98 00:06:02,706 --> 00:06:04,707 For Agnes, that it was all new. 99 00:06:04,708 --> 00:06:09,629 That Christine Jorgensen was the first time she was seeing 100 00:06:09,630 --> 00:06:11,257 somebody and realizing 101 00:06:12,258 --> 00:06:15,385 that there was another person out there like her. 102 00:06:15,386 --> 00:06:16,970 - Ah, Christine Jorgensen. 103 00:06:16,971 --> 00:06:18,388 Okay, here we go. 104 00:06:18,389 --> 00:06:22,267 Picture this, the most famous woman in the world in 1952, 105 00:06:22,268 --> 00:06:23,810 the most famous woman 106 00:06:23,811 --> 00:06:27,855 in the world knocking atomic bomb tests off the front page 107 00:06:27,856 --> 00:06:30,525 of newspapers is a trans woman. 108 00:06:30,526 --> 00:06:32,318 We don't exactly know how 109 00:06:32,319 --> 00:06:35,572 but her story was leaked to the press. 110 00:06:35,573 --> 00:06:37,949 Poor Christine, she played the perfect part. 111 00:06:37,950 --> 00:06:40,536 (upbeat music) 112 00:06:43,080 --> 00:06:44,414 - [News presenter] Christine Jorgensen, 113 00:06:44,415 --> 00:06:46,833 who used to answer to George, creates quite a stir 114 00:06:46,834 --> 00:06:49,711 as she returns home to New York from Copenhagen. 115 00:06:49,712 --> 00:06:52,547 - So we have this incredible footage of her landing 116 00:06:52,548 --> 00:06:56,593 in New York at Idlewild Airport and, you know, 117 00:06:56,594 --> 00:06:59,262 coming off the airplane, like, 'oh my goodness, 118 00:06:59,263 --> 00:07:00,805 what is this media storm? 119 00:07:00,806 --> 00:07:04,767 Oh, no, thank goodness, I'm dressed gorgeously' 120 00:07:04,768 --> 00:07:07,103 and she has this incredible screen presence. 121 00:07:07,104 --> 00:07:09,522 I mean, Christine Jorgensen is, you know, 122 00:07:09,523 --> 00:07:12,317 almost like the Marilyn Monroe 123 00:07:12,318 --> 00:07:15,361 of the moment and she comes out very like, 'well, 124 00:07:15,362 --> 00:07:18,407 I'm just happy to be here and back on American soil. ' 125 00:07:20,701 --> 00:07:23,287 - I'm very impressed by everyone coming. 126 00:07:24,663 --> 00:07:27,457 - [Reporter] Christine, are you happy to be home? 127 00:07:27,458 --> 00:07:31,878 - Yes, of course, what American wouldn't be? 128 00:07:31,879 --> 00:07:34,547 - And she just has this perfect persona 129 00:07:34,548 --> 00:07:37,175 to personify post-war America. 130 00:07:37,176 --> 00:07:40,720 America, the country so free that you, a man, 131 00:07:40,721 --> 00:07:42,055 can become a woman. 132 00:07:42,056 --> 00:07:44,515 Well, except not in America because she had 133 00:07:44,516 --> 00:07:45,351 to go to Denmark. 134 00:07:45,351 --> 00:07:46,185 Well, oh, well, 135 00:07:46,186 --> 00:07:47,226 we'll just, we'll look over 136 00:07:47,227 --> 00:07:50,438 that fact and the media is fascinated, right? 137 00:07:50,439 --> 00:07:53,524 The term transsexual is still in its infancy 138 00:07:53,525 --> 00:07:56,277 and so a lot of people are not exactly sure 139 00:07:56,278 --> 00:07:57,779 what to make of her and there's a lot 140 00:07:57,780 --> 00:08:00,615 of terrible salacious kind of tabloid coverage. 141 00:08:00,616 --> 00:08:02,533 Well, isn't she really just a man? 142 00:08:02,534 --> 00:08:05,078 And my God, is she going to marry a man? 143 00:08:05,079 --> 00:08:06,412 And how will that work? 144 00:08:06,413 --> 00:08:09,123 You know, and things that were fit to print and things 145 00:08:09,124 --> 00:08:11,292 that were not fit to print and Christine really, you know, 146 00:08:11,293 --> 00:08:14,003 in some ways is forced into this impossible position. 147 00:08:14,004 --> 00:08:16,881 She senses, rightly, that she has a chance 148 00:08:16,882 --> 00:08:20,677 to make it in life and be a celebrity and be a persona 149 00:08:20,678 --> 00:08:23,471 but the only way to do that is to lean 150 00:08:23,472 --> 00:08:25,973 into the fact that everyone wants a piece of her. 151 00:08:25,974 --> 00:08:27,475 - Have you been offered a movie contract? 152 00:08:27,476 --> 00:08:29,727 - Yes, but I haven't accepted it. 153 00:08:29,728 --> 00:08:30,978 - It was very striking to see in all 154 00:08:30,979 --> 00:08:32,480 of these transcripts everyone 155 00:08:32,481 --> 00:08:35,566 references Christine Jorgensen in some way, right? 156 00:08:35,567 --> 00:08:38,152 And I think that really got us to this connection 157 00:08:38,153 --> 00:08:40,947 of thinking of Christine Jorgensen on the Mike Wallace Show. 158 00:08:40,948 --> 00:08:41,782 - Right, and you know, 159 00:08:41,783 --> 00:08:43,700 the structure of the Mike Wallace show is so interesting. 160 00:08:43,701 --> 00:08:46,285 The Mike Wallace Interview in particular, 161 00:08:46,286 --> 00:08:51,291 he identifies as a show about the current moment's 162 00:08:52,668 --> 00:08:55,837 most extraordinary and curious people. 163 00:08:55,838 --> 00:08:56,672 - This is Mike Wallace with 164 00:08:56,672 --> 00:08:57,589 another television portrait 165 00:08:57,590 --> 00:08:59,882 from our gallery of colorful people. 166 00:08:59,883 --> 00:09:01,467 - [Chase] What's striking to me 167 00:09:01,468 --> 00:09:03,344 about the relationship between Mike Wallace 168 00:09:03,345 --> 00:09:04,304 and Garfinkel is 169 00:09:04,305 --> 00:09:08,141 that the Mike Wallace Interview happens from '57 to '60, 170 00:09:08,142 --> 00:09:12,353 exactly the same time that Garfinkel is at UCLA. 171 00:09:12,354 --> 00:09:13,813 - [Agnes] It was was either 172 00:09:13,814 --> 00:09:15,064 that I wasn't gonna see him anymore- 173 00:09:15,065 --> 00:09:17,567 - (indistinct) 174 00:09:17,568 --> 00:09:18,818 No I wasn't going to tell him. 175 00:09:18,819 --> 00:09:20,319 - [Agnes] So I told. 176 00:09:20,320 --> 00:09:21,487 - So I told him. 177 00:09:21,488 --> 00:09:22,488 - [Agnes] Because I couldn't do the other, 178 00:09:22,489 --> 00:09:24,240 I tried the other first but I couldn't do that so- 179 00:09:24,241 --> 00:09:29,245 - Because I couldn't do the other first, I told him that. 180 00:09:29,246 --> 00:09:30,080 - [Agnes] Oh well. 181 00:09:30,081 --> 00:09:31,706 - Well. 182 00:09:31,707 --> 00:09:32,915 - [Agnes] Well, of course not (indistinct) 183 00:09:32,916 --> 00:09:34,084 - Well of course not. 184 00:09:36,879 --> 00:09:38,255 - Are you feeling impatient? 185 00:09:39,214 --> 00:09:41,466 - Not impatient in the sense that I can't wait, 186 00:09:41,467 --> 00:09:42,884 but impatient in the sense 187 00:09:42,885 --> 00:09:44,636 that I wonder what I'm waiting for. 188 00:09:45,721 --> 00:09:46,930 - You are very smart. 189 00:09:48,223 --> 00:09:49,141 - You know, there's a difference 190 00:09:49,142 --> 00:09:52,770 between being smart and having all the information. 191 00:09:55,439 --> 00:10:00,234 - UCLA is a really fascinating character in this history, 192 00:10:00,235 --> 00:10:04,363 partially because it's a super interdisciplinary space 193 00:10:04,364 --> 00:10:06,741 and so it's this wide open clinic 194 00:10:06,742 --> 00:10:08,534 where they're seeing intersex folks, 195 00:10:08,535 --> 00:10:11,496 gay and lesbian folks, trans folks 196 00:10:11,497 --> 00:10:14,457 and people who aren't sure or don't necessarily explain 197 00:10:14,458 --> 00:10:15,958 what they identify as 198 00:10:15,959 --> 00:10:18,878 and the doctors are not especially concerned 199 00:10:18,879 --> 00:10:20,004 about the differences, 200 00:10:20,005 --> 00:10:20,839 but I think that's one 201 00:10:20,840 --> 00:10:24,133 of the reasons why UCLA ends up being so interesting. 202 00:10:24,134 --> 00:10:26,677 - [Kristen] Harold Garfinkel had died in 2011 203 00:10:26,678 --> 00:10:28,638 and I knew that there was a sociologist 204 00:10:28,639 --> 00:10:31,265 who had been gifted sort of all of his papers. 205 00:10:31,266 --> 00:10:33,601 - [Chase] Kristen and I started visiting the archive 206 00:10:33,602 --> 00:10:35,478 over and over again in part helping 207 00:10:35,479 --> 00:10:36,854 to organize the content 208 00:10:36,855 --> 00:10:39,482 and all the while we were looking for Agnes. 209 00:10:39,483 --> 00:10:40,817 - You know, the funny story that we like 210 00:10:40,818 --> 00:10:42,443 to tell is we found everything 211 00:10:42,444 --> 00:10:45,530 that we found in the last moments. 212 00:10:45,531 --> 00:10:48,741 - There was a large metal filing cabinet 213 00:10:48,742 --> 00:10:50,493 that had long been rusted shut. 214 00:10:50,494 --> 00:10:55,499 We pried the drawer open and found the entirety 215 00:10:56,083 --> 00:10:59,211 of Agnes's case files 216 00:11:04,091 --> 00:11:06,676 and in the back of the filing cabinet 217 00:11:06,677 --> 00:11:08,469 were other case studies of gender nonconforming people 218 00:11:08,470 --> 00:11:10,305 who never make it into the research. 219 00:11:11,348 --> 00:11:14,518 (gentle upbeat music) 220 00:11:40,627 --> 00:11:42,628 - It's weird because UCLA is both the archive, 221 00:11:42,629 --> 00:11:45,548 the place where the records are held, 222 00:11:45,549 --> 00:11:48,092 but also the place where all of this went down, 223 00:11:48,093 --> 00:11:51,346 where Agnes was, where Stoller was, where Garfinkel was. 224 00:11:57,477 --> 00:12:00,480 It feels a little haunted sometimes. 225 00:12:02,816 --> 00:12:04,483 So I think there's a way 226 00:12:04,484 --> 00:12:05,651 that I always feel like I'm looking 227 00:12:05,652 --> 00:12:08,613 over my shoulder even though an archive is sort 228 00:12:08,614 --> 00:12:12,158 of the most natural place for me to hang out as a scholar, 229 00:12:12,159 --> 00:12:16,120 it feels like you can't fully walk in as yourself. 230 00:12:16,121 --> 00:12:18,456 It's important to walk in as a researcher, 231 00:12:18,457 --> 00:12:21,250 as someone with a PhD, as a specialist, as a scholar, 232 00:12:21,251 --> 00:12:23,252 like that's your ticket in 233 00:12:23,253 --> 00:12:24,837 because you don't want the same ticket 234 00:12:24,838 --> 00:12:27,382 in that Agnes had or Barbara had. 235 00:12:29,301 --> 00:12:31,218 - Even though I was raised by a single father. . 236 00:12:31,219 --> 00:12:32,261 I love how everything she does, 237 00:12:32,262 --> 00:12:34,013 it's like, I know where you want to go 238 00:12:34,014 --> 00:12:35,806 and I'm not going to let you. 239 00:12:35,807 --> 00:12:37,516 - Yeah, that's exactly right. 240 00:12:37,517 --> 00:12:40,478 - [Crew Member] C mark, I mean, D mark, sorry. 241 00:12:40,479 --> 00:12:42,563 - When did you decide to make the change? 242 00:12:42,564 --> 00:12:45,483 - Well, I've been living as a woman for six months now 243 00:12:45,484 --> 00:12:48,611 but it's been years since anyone looked twice at me. 244 00:12:48,612 --> 00:12:52,073 Even as a man, I was very feminine, 245 00:12:52,074 --> 00:12:55,159 plucked brows, bleached hair, painted nails. 246 00:12:55,160 --> 00:12:56,619 One day I realized that people were going 247 00:12:56,620 --> 00:12:58,996 to react to me no matter what I did. 248 00:12:58,997 --> 00:13:01,123 So I might as well live more truthfully. 249 00:13:01,124 --> 00:13:02,124 For myself. 250 00:13:03,001 --> 00:13:03,961 - Tell me about your childhood. 251 00:13:03,962 --> 00:13:05,920 Were you close with your parents? 252 00:13:05,921 --> 00:13:07,797 - My mother died when I was little 253 00:13:07,798 --> 00:13:10,549 but even though I was raised by a single father, 254 00:13:10,550 --> 00:13:13,177 I always had my dolls and dishes. 255 00:13:13,178 --> 00:13:16,222 - How did you go about finding others in your situation? 256 00:13:16,223 --> 00:13:19,558 - When we were young, we didn't know about homosexuality 257 00:13:19,559 --> 00:13:21,560 but we knew we were feminine. 258 00:13:21,561 --> 00:13:24,438 We knew we were different and we found each other. 259 00:13:24,439 --> 00:13:26,941 What I love about Barbara is exactly that, 260 00:13:26,942 --> 00:13:31,112 that she is so networked that she rebukes this notion 261 00:13:31,113 --> 00:13:34,490 that trans people have to be isolated or lonely. 262 00:13:34,491 --> 00:13:36,659 - So there are many of you then? 263 00:13:36,660 --> 00:13:40,454 - I'd say I know 22 of the 36 women 264 00:13:40,455 --> 00:13:42,498 in town who have had the operation. 265 00:13:42,499 --> 00:13:43,958 Even that Hollywood star. 266 00:13:43,959 --> 00:13:45,960 Well, I shouldn't say her name. 267 00:13:45,961 --> 00:13:47,670 Whenever we hear about someone 268 00:13:47,671 --> 00:13:49,505 who's been arrested for cross-dressing, 269 00:13:49,506 --> 00:13:51,716 we reach out, there's a group of us. 270 00:13:51,717 --> 00:13:54,760 We do hospital visits after someone's operation 271 00:13:54,761 --> 00:13:56,178 so they won't be alone. 272 00:13:56,179 --> 00:13:59,306 We talk to each other about what hospitals to avoid. 273 00:13:59,307 --> 00:14:00,766 I can always tell who's had 274 00:14:00,767 --> 00:14:02,393 which procedure by how nice the room is 275 00:14:02,394 --> 00:14:04,186 or how long the stay. 276 00:14:04,187 --> 00:14:05,438 - But how do you find each other? 277 00:14:05,439 --> 00:14:07,148 - Well, it's all about trust. 278 00:14:07,149 --> 00:14:08,899 Once you're in the network, 279 00:14:08,900 --> 00:14:12,319 you realize it just goes and goes and goes. 280 00:14:12,320 --> 00:14:13,738 We're like a club. 281 00:14:13,739 --> 00:14:16,198 What I loved about playing Barbara, 282 00:14:16,199 --> 00:14:17,533 why I would like to spend more time 283 00:14:17,534 --> 00:14:20,828 with her, is the confidence with which she discusses 284 00:14:20,829 --> 00:14:25,666 not only networking, but dating, passing. 285 00:14:25,667 --> 00:14:28,961 She has a self-possession that I don't have 286 00:14:28,962 --> 00:14:31,130 in real life out in the world 287 00:14:31,131 --> 00:14:32,339 and that's the kind of part that, 288 00:14:32,340 --> 00:14:34,050 that's the fun part 289 00:14:34,051 --> 00:14:36,761 because that's where you get to be different. 290 00:14:36,762 --> 00:14:38,180 - [Host] You say we a lot. 291 00:14:39,014 --> 00:14:40,974 - I'm not in this work alone. 292 00:14:42,851 --> 00:14:45,061 - Do you know other people like you? 293 00:14:45,062 --> 00:14:47,730 - Well, no, I don't. 294 00:14:47,731 --> 00:14:49,356 - And why is that? 295 00:14:49,357 --> 00:14:52,443 - I suppose I've just never met another person 296 00:14:52,444 --> 00:14:54,320 like me before. 297 00:14:54,321 --> 00:14:58,282 It's so interesting that Agnes was anonymous 298 00:14:58,283 --> 00:15:02,119 and I believe that she 299 00:15:02,120 --> 00:15:04,747 in many ways represents a generation 300 00:15:04,748 --> 00:15:09,753 of trans women who were encouraged to disappear. 301 00:15:10,962 --> 00:15:14,048 - For a trans woman to get access to surgery in the 1960s, 302 00:15:14,049 --> 00:15:17,301 she had to swear she would never tell anyone ever again 303 00:15:17,302 --> 00:15:21,764 that she had been trans and that she would leave the life 304 00:15:21,765 --> 00:15:23,224 and you really saw that in cities, 305 00:15:23,225 --> 00:15:25,810 people would leave neighborhoods, stop doing sex work, 306 00:15:25,811 --> 00:15:28,646 try to get married, try to disappear. 307 00:15:28,647 --> 00:15:29,481 - Hi. 308 00:15:29,481 --> 00:15:30,315 - Hello. 309 00:15:30,316 --> 00:15:31,440 - Such a treat to be with you today. 310 00:15:31,441 --> 00:15:32,275 - Always. 311 00:15:32,275 --> 00:15:33,110 - [Chase] Thank you for coming. 312 00:15:33,110 --> 00:15:33,944 - Thank you, Chase. 313 00:15:33,945 --> 00:15:38,489 - You know, because this project flips the scene 314 00:15:38,490 --> 00:15:41,784 of the clinical office with the stage of the talk show, 315 00:15:41,785 --> 00:15:44,245 to think about how meaning gets produced 316 00:15:44,246 --> 00:15:46,997 about trans people in different environments. 317 00:15:46,998 --> 00:15:48,833 You know, when we were talking about the feature, 318 00:15:48,834 --> 00:15:51,710 you were like, I'm tired of telling certain kinds 319 00:15:51,711 --> 00:15:55,089 of stories about my life and I don't want to do it anymore. 320 00:15:55,090 --> 00:15:57,591 - I get a little fatigued about my story 321 00:15:57,592 --> 00:16:00,427 because my story and telling my story, 322 00:16:00,428 --> 00:16:02,721 it keeps getting positioned as sort 323 00:16:02,722 --> 00:16:04,473 of this exceptional story. 324 00:16:04,474 --> 00:16:06,350 - As a trans person in the world with you, 325 00:16:06,351 --> 00:16:10,187 I had this immediate bodily reaction, 326 00:16:10,188 --> 00:16:13,357 which was like, yeah, totally get it. 327 00:16:13,358 --> 00:16:16,735 Much like Christine Jorgensen before her transformation, 328 00:16:16,736 --> 00:16:19,321 our next guest was a military man. 329 00:16:19,322 --> 00:16:21,115 - Spent most of my teenage years 330 00:16:21,116 --> 00:16:25,202 in my father's church doing evangelical work. 331 00:16:25,203 --> 00:16:26,328 - Do you remember at 332 00:16:26,329 --> 00:16:28,665 what age did you start having these feelings? 333 00:16:30,625 --> 00:16:32,377 - I've always known. 334 00:16:33,753 --> 00:16:38,674 - Georgia is a resourceful woman. 335 00:16:38,675 --> 00:16:42,970 I think like many trans women from her time 336 00:16:42,971 --> 00:16:45,014 and even before who didn't have the language 337 00:16:45,015 --> 00:16:50,020 or the policy or the access, they had to be resourceful. 338 00:16:50,228 --> 00:16:52,813 - We have this sort of white-washed image 339 00:16:52,814 --> 00:16:55,649 of the first trans people. 340 00:16:55,650 --> 00:16:57,735 We see folks like Georgia, 341 00:16:57,736 --> 00:17:00,279 the kind of person that maybe we feel surprised to meet, 342 00:17:00,280 --> 00:17:04,700 a Black trans woman is going to this very conservative, 343 00:17:04,701 --> 00:17:08,120 racially normative kind of space 344 00:17:08,121 --> 00:17:11,582 where she's making it in to go toe-to-toe 345 00:17:11,583 --> 00:17:15,669 with these titans of mid-century American social science. 346 00:17:15,670 --> 00:17:18,088 I mean, does it get any straighter and whiter than that? 347 00:17:18,089 --> 00:17:20,342 - Do you ever tell people the truth about yourself? 348 00:17:22,636 --> 00:17:27,139 - Sometimes I tell people I'm a man just 349 00:17:27,140 --> 00:17:29,558 to hear them say, I'm pulling their leg. 350 00:17:29,559 --> 00:17:34,188 So that there's my life. 351 00:17:34,189 --> 00:17:35,189 You know, 352 00:17:37,359 --> 00:17:41,320 it's wild to be a part of a project like this 353 00:17:41,321 --> 00:17:43,822 that kind of blows open a vault 354 00:17:43,823 --> 00:17:45,741 of all this information and you're. . 355 00:17:45,742 --> 00:17:48,118 and people are like, did that really happen? 356 00:17:48,119 --> 00:17:50,037 Or is this really true? 357 00:17:50,038 --> 00:17:53,457 And the reality is, 358 00:17:53,458 --> 00:17:58,463 is that we live in a world that has been dominated 359 00:18:00,131 --> 00:18:05,136 by stories being told by white people, 360 00:18:06,221 --> 00:18:09,848 by the people who have the power, 361 00:18:09,849 --> 00:18:12,768 the most power within white communities. 362 00:18:12,769 --> 00:18:17,022 We have heard the story told by the hunter 363 00:18:17,023 --> 00:18:19,233 and not by the lion and not 364 00:18:19,234 --> 00:18:21,902 by the lions who not only fought back 365 00:18:21,903 --> 00:18:26,448 but got away. And so I think that not only these stories, 366 00:18:26,449 --> 00:18:29,118 but this just really inspires me to think about 367 00:18:29,119 --> 00:18:33,747 how many more stories are there out there 368 00:18:33,748 --> 00:18:35,541 that we don't know about. 369 00:18:35,542 --> 00:18:38,544 - The archive that we get is really limited in that way. 370 00:18:38,545 --> 00:18:43,550 These architects at UCLA that are building these new ways 371 00:18:43,883 --> 00:18:45,009 of thinking, that are 372 00:18:45,010 --> 00:18:47,136 founding these new schools of thought, 373 00:18:47,137 --> 00:18:49,263 they don't want to talk about racial diversity. 374 00:18:49,264 --> 00:18:50,764 They don't want to talk about racism. 375 00:18:50,765 --> 00:18:52,266 They don't want to talk about class. 376 00:18:52,267 --> 00:18:54,351 They want to produce mirror images 377 00:18:54,352 --> 00:18:57,438 of the ideals of American culture at that time: 378 00:18:57,439 --> 00:19:01,483 beautiful, white, middle-class, heterosexuals. 379 00:19:01,484 --> 00:19:03,485 - Not all of our guests were surrounded 380 00:19:03,486 --> 00:19:05,154 by like-minded individuals, 381 00:19:05,155 --> 00:19:07,531 meet Henry, born in 1917. 382 00:19:07,532 --> 00:19:08,657 Nope. 383 00:19:08,658 --> 00:19:12,453 Meet Henry, born a girl in Long Beach, California. 384 00:19:12,454 --> 00:19:14,663 - They always say that, 'born a girl' 385 00:19:14,664 --> 00:19:15,498 - So rude. 386 00:19:15,499 --> 00:19:16,707 - Back in the articles I was in in the 90s- 387 00:19:16,708 --> 00:19:17,833 - Oh yeah. 388 00:19:17,834 --> 00:19:19,752 - It would be, a girl, born a girl. 389 00:19:19,753 --> 00:19:21,128 - About you? 390 00:19:21,129 --> 00:19:22,839 - Even in the 90s, yes. 391 00:19:24,632 --> 00:19:28,010 I was born in Southern California in 1917. 392 00:19:28,011 --> 00:19:32,139 I worked as an engineer at Lockheed. 393 00:19:32,140 --> 00:19:34,266 Well, Henry, interestingly enough, 394 00:19:34,267 --> 00:19:36,060 I believe was interviewed 395 00:19:36,061 --> 00:19:40,189 by Harold Garfinkel the year I was born. 396 00:19:40,190 --> 00:19:43,942 - What is it like for you to embody a trans man 397 00:19:43,943 --> 00:19:47,946 from the 1950s who was also writing about his life? 398 00:19:47,947 --> 00:19:50,032 - Well, you know, I respect that, 399 00:19:50,033 --> 00:19:52,576 we have that in common, he had that impulse 400 00:19:52,577 --> 00:19:55,204 to put pen to paper and to put his thoughts 401 00:19:55,205 --> 00:19:57,831 to paper and he knew that his experience was important. 402 00:19:57,832 --> 00:19:59,083 It was unique. 403 00:19:59,084 --> 00:20:03,379 I am a poet and I was writing poetry, 404 00:20:03,380 --> 00:20:06,382 doing readings in the Bay Area since, you know, 405 00:20:06,383 --> 00:20:08,175 since I arrived there in 1977. 406 00:20:08,176 --> 00:20:10,636 I connected right away with the kind of beat, 407 00:20:10,637 --> 00:20:13,806 neo-beat community in North Beach. 408 00:20:13,807 --> 00:20:16,058 The kind of poetry I write is very non-narrative, 409 00:20:16,059 --> 00:20:17,935 it's not so much telling a story about my life 410 00:20:17,936 --> 00:20:19,395 or my feelings. 411 00:20:19,396 --> 00:20:20,771 I don't really write that kind of thing 412 00:20:20,772 --> 00:20:25,442 but I saw that there was a need, there was nothing, 413 00:20:25,443 --> 00:20:28,904 there was very little out there and so I think, 414 00:20:28,905 --> 00:20:30,322 and most of the things 415 00:20:30,323 --> 00:20:33,200 that had been written were ghost-written 416 00:20:33,201 --> 00:20:34,952 but I never saw them talk about, 417 00:20:34,953 --> 00:20:37,454 I never read anything where they wrote very much 418 00:20:37,455 --> 00:20:41,708 about the hormones and to me, the hormones, 419 00:20:41,709 --> 00:20:46,714 in my case, the testosterone, was the access of change. 420 00:20:47,841 --> 00:20:50,968 - As far as I can tell, it was rarer for trans men 421 00:20:50,969 --> 00:20:52,469 to get on T and part of that is 422 00:20:52,470 --> 00:20:55,139 because trans men tended to be more isolated 423 00:20:55,140 --> 00:20:58,851 and they were more able to pass 424 00:20:58,852 --> 00:21:00,561 in some ways because there were categories 425 00:21:00,562 --> 00:21:03,605 of masculinity in-between female 426 00:21:03,606 --> 00:21:06,024 and male in which men could travel. 427 00:21:06,025 --> 00:21:07,901 - I grew up in the Midwest. 428 00:21:07,902 --> 00:21:09,528 I was a tomboy mostly. 429 00:21:09,529 --> 00:21:11,155 - What would you do if something as common 430 00:21:11,156 --> 00:21:15,117 as using the lavatory caused an impossible predicament? 431 00:21:15,118 --> 00:21:16,952 Denny faces this problem every day 432 00:21:16,953 --> 00:21:18,620 on the floor of the factory. 433 00:21:18,621 --> 00:21:20,080 - World War II made it possible 434 00:21:20,081 --> 00:21:23,667 for women to wear slacks, you know, the dirty shirt effect. 435 00:21:23,668 --> 00:21:26,628 - Making use of the facilities at work is unavoidable. 436 00:21:26,629 --> 00:21:28,881 What would you do if you got caught? 437 00:21:28,882 --> 00:21:30,549 - Well for all you know, it could have been shot off 438 00:21:30,550 --> 00:21:31,842 in the war and, you know, 439 00:21:31,843 --> 00:21:33,385 I just don't have the money to build it back. 440 00:21:33,386 --> 00:21:35,679 I have a wife, I have a home 441 00:21:35,680 --> 00:21:39,600 and if anybody is fresh enough to ask, I'd gag it up a bit. 442 00:21:39,601 --> 00:21:43,479 Denny was a working class guy. 443 00:21:43,480 --> 00:21:44,521 He was kind of a tomboy. 444 00:21:44,522 --> 00:21:46,523 So he's kind of an in-betweener. 445 00:21:46,524 --> 00:21:51,069 For a lot of years I passed intermittently. 446 00:21:51,070 --> 00:21:54,323 So, you know, I wasn't on testosterone 447 00:21:54,324 --> 00:21:55,908 and didn't have any top surgery 448 00:21:55,909 --> 00:21:58,202 but I looked like a boy and I was in a punk band 449 00:21:58,203 --> 00:22:00,037 and it was a lot my voice that would give me away 450 00:22:00,038 --> 00:22:01,622 but so I'd go kind of in and out 451 00:22:01,623 --> 00:22:03,999 and I worked construction and I was in a lot 452 00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:06,793 of like predominantly male fields. 453 00:22:06,794 --> 00:22:08,086 Being queer and looking the way we did, 454 00:22:08,087 --> 00:22:09,296 it was, you didn't get jobs. 455 00:22:09,297 --> 00:22:11,757 You know, you kind of stayed in your lane 456 00:22:11,758 --> 00:22:13,133 because there weren't a lot of options. 457 00:22:13,134 --> 00:22:15,636 That changed as things got more mainstream acceptable 458 00:22:15,637 --> 00:22:17,513 but there were just things that, you know, 459 00:22:17,514 --> 00:22:19,848 it's like, oh, you're going to do carpentry 460 00:22:19,849 --> 00:22:20,767 and you're going to be a dancer and you're going to, 461 00:22:20,768 --> 00:22:22,851 you know, we stayed in these very blue collar, 462 00:22:22,852 --> 00:22:25,062 physical jobs which I stayed into all the way 463 00:22:25,063 --> 00:22:27,147 after my MFA and second feature 464 00:22:27,148 --> 00:22:29,233 because I ran out of work and there was, you know, 465 00:22:29,234 --> 00:22:31,735 the economy crashed and I was painting buildings again 466 00:22:31,736 --> 00:22:33,987 and just like, there were these real limitations 467 00:22:33,988 --> 00:22:36,907 to looking like an outsider, that kind of stayed with you. 468 00:22:36,908 --> 00:22:38,408 - When I moved to California 469 00:22:38,409 --> 00:22:40,452 I did have trouble finding work. 470 00:22:40,453 --> 00:22:42,412 My old job, my old documents, 471 00:22:42,413 --> 00:22:44,706 they were all in, well that male name. 472 00:22:44,707 --> 00:22:46,667 But I have a friend, she's like me 473 00:22:46,668 --> 00:22:47,918 and she helped me take a position 474 00:22:47,919 --> 00:22:49,753 as a receptionist at a hair salon. 475 00:22:49,754 --> 00:22:51,630 - Does the owner know about you? 476 00:22:51,631 --> 00:22:53,215 - They know I can type. 477 00:22:53,216 --> 00:22:55,509 - Well, yes, I have a job. 478 00:22:55,510 --> 00:23:00,222 I work in an office, pink collar work. 479 00:23:00,223 --> 00:23:03,684 It's practically impossible to make the work interesting. 480 00:23:03,685 --> 00:23:04,685 - I can't work. 481 00:23:05,520 --> 00:23:08,313 I can't get a job as a man or a woman. 482 00:23:08,314 --> 00:23:09,398 When I lived in the South, 483 00:23:09,399 --> 00:23:11,817 I used to go into white people's homes and cook 484 00:23:11,818 --> 00:23:12,694 for a bit of money. 485 00:23:12,695 --> 00:23:15,320 I was a good cook. 486 00:23:15,321 --> 00:23:18,031 - Trying to hold down a job and everything 487 00:23:18,032 --> 00:23:19,616 that comes with that, being able to pay rent, 488 00:23:19,617 --> 00:23:20,993 being able to save up for surgery, 489 00:23:20,994 --> 00:23:21,994 being able to live, 490 00:23:21,995 --> 00:23:24,037 it all really comes down 491 00:23:24,038 --> 00:23:26,498 to whether you have access to the workplace 492 00:23:26,499 --> 00:23:27,333 because of gender 493 00:23:27,334 --> 00:23:29,501 and whether it's been racially segregated 494 00:23:29,502 --> 00:23:31,336 and I think we see a lot of that 495 00:23:31,337 --> 00:23:33,255 for Georgia. And there's a lot of lack 496 00:23:33,256 --> 00:23:35,716 of autonomy that comes with not being able 497 00:23:35,717 --> 00:23:37,593 to earn your own wages. 498 00:23:37,594 --> 00:23:39,720 - I'm having a hard time getting work. 499 00:23:39,721 --> 00:23:42,639 I still have an F on my license. 500 00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:44,600 - My friend Henry is a lot like me, 501 00:23:44,601 --> 00:23:47,102 but I fear he's a little depressed, 502 00:23:47,103 --> 00:23:49,896 I don't think the testosterone is helping him. 503 00:23:49,897 --> 00:23:53,567 - When I first contacted Dr. Wynn in Southern California, 504 00:23:53,568 --> 00:23:56,987 he said that it was unethical to remove healthy organs. 505 00:23:56,988 --> 00:23:58,405 After the long recovery, 506 00:23:58,406 --> 00:24:01,325 they told me they wanted to operate again, 507 00:24:01,326 --> 00:24:04,578 I couldn't handle any more poking and prodding. 508 00:24:04,579 --> 00:24:07,624 - We will return to our story after the break. 509 00:24:08,625 --> 00:24:11,001 I was just realizing story-wise, Morgan, 510 00:24:11,002 --> 00:24:14,588 that we have it built in about surgery 511 00:24:14,589 --> 00:24:19,594 and Dr. Wynn saying 'won't operate on healthy organs' 512 00:24:19,844 --> 00:24:22,263 but then we have this after a long recovery line 513 00:24:23,598 --> 00:24:27,643 because we haven't built in the fact that Henry had cancer. 514 00:24:27,644 --> 00:24:29,227 - Oh yeah, he had cancer. 515 00:24:29,228 --> 00:24:30,063 - He had cancer. 516 00:24:30,063 --> 00:24:30,938 - Probably died of cancer, right? 517 00:24:30,939 --> 00:24:33,857 - To be honest, I think he killed himself. 518 00:24:33,858 --> 00:24:34,651 - Oh, really? 519 00:24:34,651 --> 00:24:35,568 Oh God, that's terrible. 520 00:24:35,569 --> 00:24:36,902 - (indistinct) 521 00:24:36,903 --> 00:24:37,820 - I think so. 522 00:24:37,821 --> 00:24:39,404 - Oh wow, that's a drag. 523 00:24:39,405 --> 00:24:41,782 - Like, not very long after this 524 00:24:41,783 --> 00:24:42,617 - Oh really? 525 00:24:42,618 --> 00:24:44,076 Oh, wow. - Interview. 526 00:24:44,077 --> 00:24:46,703 Kristen and I were able to find some people's birth 527 00:24:46,704 --> 00:24:51,416 and death dates and he's one 528 00:24:51,417 --> 00:24:53,710 of the people who we were able to identify 529 00:24:53,711 --> 00:24:56,380 as having died quite early. 530 00:24:56,381 --> 00:24:57,215 - Wow. 531 00:24:57,215 --> 00:24:58,049 - And because of some 532 00:24:58,050 --> 00:25:00,884 of the writing about his depression and his sort 533 00:25:00,885 --> 00:25:04,388 of despondent orientation to his circumstances- 534 00:25:04,389 --> 00:25:05,389 - Right. 535 00:25:06,391 --> 00:25:07,683 - We think that that's probably what happened. 536 00:25:07,684 --> 00:25:08,518 - Yeah. 537 00:25:08,519 --> 00:25:10,936 A lot of his isolation was probably 538 00:25:10,937 --> 00:25:13,146 because he didn't know how 539 00:25:13,147 --> 00:25:16,483 to handle disclosure and it is tricky. 540 00:25:16,484 --> 00:25:19,444 I mean, even for, sometimes for me, it's tricky. 541 00:25:19,445 --> 00:25:21,863 I mean, obviously I'm public, but not everybody knows. 542 00:25:21,864 --> 00:25:24,616 I don't announce it to everybody I know. 543 00:25:24,617 --> 00:25:26,993 You know, but when I say I'm a writer and they say, well, 544 00:25:26,994 --> 00:25:27,829 what do you write? 545 00:25:27,829 --> 00:25:28,663 I mean, I'm a poet. 546 00:25:28,664 --> 00:25:30,747 So I've got a poetry book out now, you know, 547 00:25:30,748 --> 00:25:35,001 but if they ask, well, I say I wrote a memoir and they say, 548 00:25:35,002 --> 00:25:35,878 what was that about? 549 00:25:35,879 --> 00:25:38,548 Then I have to, you know, then I have to spill the beans. 550 00:25:39,590 --> 00:25:41,967 - One of the most extraordinary things about 551 00:25:41,968 --> 00:25:46,973 our archival find was a full copy 552 00:25:47,306 --> 00:25:50,976 of Henry's autobiography manuscript 553 00:25:50,977 --> 00:25:54,354 that he had obviously handed to Garfinkel 554 00:25:54,355 --> 00:25:56,189 at some point throughout their sessions 555 00:25:56,190 --> 00:26:00,569 and I think it's like a 47 page document, 556 00:26:00,570 --> 00:26:03,196 a totally extraordinary snapshot 557 00:26:03,197 --> 00:26:05,365 into someone's own self-narration. 558 00:26:05,366 --> 00:26:10,245 I really continue to think about the presence of these texts 559 00:26:10,246 --> 00:26:15,000 that were never published and are otherwise inaccessible 560 00:26:15,001 --> 00:26:18,128 and how we can hold them now 561 00:26:18,129 --> 00:26:21,590 and I brought a little excerpt of part 562 00:26:21,591 --> 00:26:24,676 of Henry's life writing that I wanted 563 00:26:24,677 --> 00:26:28,930 to offer up to you and I wonder if you might read it. 564 00:26:28,931 --> 00:26:29,931 - Yeah. 565 00:26:33,227 --> 00:26:34,895 So he writes, 566 00:26:34,896 --> 00:26:37,147 there is not as much difference 567 00:26:37,148 --> 00:26:40,901 between men and women as our society would have us believe, 568 00:26:40,902 --> 00:26:44,446 both sexes have hearts that can be light 569 00:26:44,447 --> 00:26:47,491 with pressure or heavy with misery, 570 00:26:47,492 --> 00:26:52,455 both have tear ducts, but men are not supposed to use them. 571 00:26:52,705 --> 00:26:54,247 Both have muscles 572 00:26:54,248 --> 00:26:56,541 but it is not considered feminine 573 00:26:56,542 --> 00:26:58,377 for a woman to develop hers. 574 00:26:59,337 --> 00:27:00,879 - [Henry voiceover] If only we could learn 575 00:27:00,880 --> 00:27:03,298 to live with each other as individuals, 576 00:27:03,299 --> 00:27:06,676 sharply, we separate the sexes. 577 00:27:06,677 --> 00:27:11,014 We place them in boxes marked male and female, 578 00:27:11,015 --> 00:27:13,809 slam shut the lids and care not 579 00:27:13,810 --> 00:27:17,104 whom we suffocate in the name of conformity. 580 00:27:18,105 --> 00:27:21,566 - I defied the law of standardization. 581 00:27:21,567 --> 00:27:24,986 Consequently, I belong in neither box, 582 00:27:24,987 --> 00:27:26,864 yet, I have been inside both. 583 00:27:31,369 --> 00:27:34,120 - These archival subjects, 584 00:27:34,121 --> 00:27:35,872 these transcripts that we now have access 585 00:27:35,873 --> 00:27:39,501 to are from a moment in time when categories are being made. 586 00:27:39,502 --> 00:27:42,003 Where people in clinics and research institutions 587 00:27:42,004 --> 00:27:46,007 and doctor's offices are thinking this but not that, 588 00:27:46,008 --> 00:27:47,551 well, maybe this means that, and 589 00:27:47,552 --> 00:27:49,386 we're actually in this moment 590 00:27:49,387 --> 00:27:51,972 where these decisions and these comparisons 591 00:27:51,973 --> 00:27:54,349 and these tensions are being animated 592 00:27:54,350 --> 00:27:57,060 by people who are in positions 593 00:27:57,061 --> 00:28:00,146 of structural and institutional power. 594 00:28:00,147 --> 00:28:01,107 - I think one of the ways we could think 595 00:28:01,108 --> 00:28:03,275 about this time period is it's the moment 596 00:28:03,276 --> 00:28:06,194 when people's own everyday lives are starting 597 00:28:06,195 --> 00:28:09,823 to interface with institutional categories. 598 00:28:09,824 --> 00:28:12,576 Categories of law, medicine, psychology, 599 00:28:12,577 --> 00:28:14,661 social science and so we're seeing 600 00:28:14,662 --> 00:28:16,913 that as antagonism, right? 601 00:28:16,914 --> 00:28:18,331 I think today we're often led 602 00:28:18,332 --> 00:28:20,625 to believe like our categories will set us free. 603 00:28:20,626 --> 00:28:22,043 Oh, we authored them all. 604 00:28:22,044 --> 00:28:24,588 We have these lovely words like trans and transgender 605 00:28:24,589 --> 00:28:25,964 and non-binary that have nothing 606 00:28:25,965 --> 00:28:28,508 to do with medicine and so we'll be totally set free 607 00:28:28,509 --> 00:28:30,051 because you're in the driver's seat. 608 00:28:30,052 --> 00:28:31,386 You call yourself whatever you want. 609 00:28:31,387 --> 00:28:33,054 You've got your pronouns and you're good to go. 610 00:28:33,055 --> 00:28:35,015 But when we come back to this time period, 611 00:28:35,016 --> 00:28:38,101 we see that these categories, which are systems 612 00:28:38,102 --> 00:28:42,022 of classification, ways of drawing hard lines 613 00:28:42,023 --> 00:28:43,481 and if you're on this side of the line, 614 00:28:43,482 --> 00:28:46,318 you're out and if you're on this side of the line, 615 00:28:46,319 --> 00:28:47,319 you're lucky, right? 616 00:28:47,320 --> 00:28:49,487 Agnes is here, Georgia is here. 617 00:28:49,488 --> 00:28:52,157 And what we see in this time period is 618 00:28:52,158 --> 00:28:54,784 that those categories are the product of struggle. 619 00:28:54,785 --> 00:28:56,244 It's a showdown. 620 00:28:56,245 --> 00:28:59,581 That's why the talk show is so apt, it's a tรชte-ร -tรชte, 621 00:28:59,582 --> 00:29:01,458 but one person has a lot more credibility 622 00:29:01,459 --> 00:29:02,293 than the other person. 623 00:29:02,294 --> 00:29:04,127 One person is considered an expert. 624 00:29:04,128 --> 00:29:05,170 The other person is considered 625 00:29:05,171 --> 00:29:07,505 to not know anything about themselves. 626 00:29:07,506 --> 00:29:09,507 - Do you consider yourself to be homosexual? 627 00:29:09,508 --> 00:29:12,093 - In the beginning I was lumped in with homosexuals, 628 00:29:12,094 --> 00:29:14,555 but I've never considered myself to be one. 629 00:29:17,058 --> 00:29:19,517 - I don't understand the line of questioning. 630 00:29:19,518 --> 00:29:21,311 - I've always been connected to the gay world. 631 00:29:21,312 --> 00:29:23,188 I knew all the butches and the diesel dykes 632 00:29:23,189 --> 00:29:25,941 in college and I realized I wasn't the only one 633 00:29:25,942 --> 00:29:28,860 in the world experiencing female masculinity. 634 00:29:28,861 --> 00:29:30,862 - Well, I tried to go back to the gay bars 635 00:29:30,863 --> 00:29:33,156 but they treated me like a tourist. 636 00:29:33,157 --> 00:29:36,409 I feel more confident with the heterosexual crowd, 637 00:29:36,410 --> 00:29:38,912 as long as they don't know anything about my situation. 638 00:29:38,913 --> 00:29:42,290 Well, yeah, to me it makes sense, 639 00:29:42,291 --> 00:29:44,417 even though it seems like it shouldn't make sense 640 00:29:44,418 --> 00:29:47,671 but it makes sense 'cause I am a heterosexual, right? 641 00:29:47,672 --> 00:29:48,964 Kind of a weird one. 642 00:29:48,965 --> 00:29:53,176 But if I'm around gay and lesbian people, 643 00:29:53,177 --> 00:29:55,178 at some point, it'll, you know, they assume that, 644 00:29:55,179 --> 00:29:57,263 you know, gay men might assume I'm gay and it's like, 645 00:29:57,264 --> 00:29:59,182 well, I'm not. 646 00:29:59,183 --> 00:30:00,684 - The thing that I hear 647 00:30:00,685 --> 00:30:02,727 in Denny's voice is something I connect to which is, 648 00:30:02,728 --> 00:30:03,895 you know, I'm not, 649 00:30:03,896 --> 00:30:06,439 I don't really identify as a straight male 650 00:30:06,440 --> 00:30:08,149 or cis-male at all, I really, 651 00:30:08,150 --> 00:30:11,111 but I don't identify as a lesbian at all either. 652 00:30:11,112 --> 00:30:13,863 I really feel that I'm, this in-between sort 653 00:30:13,864 --> 00:30:16,366 of version and that there's like, 654 00:30:16,367 --> 00:30:18,410 the paradox is sort of become my friend. 655 00:30:18,411 --> 00:30:20,662 - I remember the first time I went out into gay life, 656 00:30:20,663 --> 00:30:23,164 it was a bar in Detroit called The Fox. 657 00:30:23,165 --> 00:30:25,125 I walked in wearing women's apparel 658 00:30:25,126 --> 00:30:27,252 and I knew right away that was a mistake. 659 00:30:27,253 --> 00:30:28,379 - What kind of a mistake? 660 00:30:29,880 --> 00:30:34,884 - It's easier to be a homosexual in those kinds of places. 661 00:30:34,885 --> 00:30:36,678 We need to create our own spaces. 662 00:30:36,679 --> 00:30:38,346 There's like a hint of kind 663 00:30:38,347 --> 00:30:40,598 of like disappointment and almost patronizing quality 664 00:30:40,599 --> 00:30:42,267 in the way that Barbara interacts 665 00:30:42,268 --> 00:30:43,727 with the doctor in the transcript 666 00:30:43,728 --> 00:30:47,647 when she realizes that he's not really in the know. 667 00:30:47,648 --> 00:30:50,984 - Some other people I've spoken to talk about pretense. 668 00:30:50,985 --> 00:30:52,402 - Pretense? 669 00:30:52,403 --> 00:30:56,072 - Being a man, but having to pass as a woman. 670 00:30:56,073 --> 00:30:57,657 - There's no pretense. 671 00:30:57,658 --> 00:30:58,992 If it is in you to be female 672 00:30:58,993 --> 00:31:01,745 and women's apparel help you make a success of it, 673 00:31:01,746 --> 00:31:02,787 then so be it. 674 00:31:02,788 --> 00:31:04,622 - Yes, well, that's what everyone says 675 00:31:04,623 --> 00:31:08,752 but some do admit that it is hard to shake off the pretense. 676 00:31:08,753 --> 00:31:11,254 - I don't feel that way. 677 00:31:11,255 --> 00:31:13,256 When I was a female impersonator, I was acting 678 00:31:13,257 --> 00:31:16,926 but it's not like when I left I took off my face 679 00:31:16,927 --> 00:31:18,928 and became a different person. 680 00:31:18,929 --> 00:31:20,597 - I was wondering if you could help me make sense 681 00:31:20,598 --> 00:31:23,600 of some of the frictions or relationship 682 00:31:23,601 --> 00:31:27,187 between trans, cross-dressing and drag communities 683 00:31:27,188 --> 00:31:28,772 as you understand them. 684 00:31:28,773 --> 00:31:32,817 - When I first went out to clubs dressed as a woman, 685 00:31:32,818 --> 00:31:33,943 and at that time that would have been 686 00:31:33,944 --> 00:31:35,153 considered cross-dressing 687 00:31:35,154 --> 00:31:36,821 'cause I wasn't living my life that way. 688 00:31:36,822 --> 00:31:38,740 It seemed to me that the lines 689 00:31:38,741 --> 00:31:41,201 between us all were a little bit blurrier. 690 00:31:41,202 --> 00:31:43,870 You know, prior to social media, 691 00:31:43,871 --> 00:31:47,624 prior to this particular phase of identity politics, 692 00:31:47,625 --> 00:31:50,418 there was a kind of sense of behind closed doors 693 00:31:50,419 --> 00:31:52,045 we were all just, you know, 694 00:31:52,046 --> 00:31:54,631 the freaks and the others and gay in some way, 695 00:31:54,632 --> 00:31:56,508 shape or form, whatever that meant. 696 00:31:56,509 --> 00:31:59,177 - Many of us, when we come out of one box, 697 00:31:59,178 --> 00:32:01,262 we hop into another box. 698 00:32:01,263 --> 00:32:02,931 This is what it means to be trans, 699 00:32:02,932 --> 00:32:04,307 this is what it means to be gay, 700 00:32:04,308 --> 00:32:07,143 and have learned some unhealthy, I think, 701 00:32:07,144 --> 00:32:10,772 performance behavior in performing gender along those lines. 702 00:32:10,773 --> 00:32:12,565 - There were people who were uncomfortable 703 00:32:12,566 --> 00:32:14,818 being seen as trans. 704 00:32:14,819 --> 00:32:15,860 It tended to be people who 705 00:32:15,861 --> 00:32:17,987 regardless of how they felt inside had 706 00:32:17,988 --> 00:32:21,449 at one point in time been seen by the world 707 00:32:21,450 --> 00:32:23,076 as straight white men and their way 708 00:32:23,077 --> 00:32:24,536 of coping with that was to try 709 00:32:24,537 --> 00:32:26,913 to eliminate the word that sparked 710 00:32:26,914 --> 00:32:29,624 that discomfort and to draw very clean 711 00:32:29,625 --> 00:32:31,000 and distinct lines between them 712 00:32:31,001 --> 00:32:34,879 and drag because drag queens really were men. 713 00:32:34,880 --> 00:32:35,756 So it was all about kind 714 00:32:35,757 --> 00:32:38,466 of creating these rhetorical boundaries. 715 00:32:38,467 --> 00:32:39,509 - Some of our other guests say 716 00:32:39,510 --> 00:32:42,053 that they frequently end up on the wrong side of the law. 717 00:32:42,054 --> 00:32:43,805 - I never have a problem, 718 00:32:43,806 --> 00:32:45,640 but we are putting together information 719 00:32:45,641 --> 00:32:47,475 who is arrestable based 720 00:32:47,476 --> 00:32:49,811 on newspaper clippings that we've collected. 721 00:32:49,812 --> 00:32:52,147 - And in the street, do you run into trouble? 722 00:32:52,148 --> 00:32:54,941 - There will always be ignorant people, 723 00:32:54,942 --> 00:32:56,651 but I experienced much more aggression 724 00:32:56,652 --> 00:32:58,903 when I was perceived as a homosexual. 725 00:32:58,904 --> 00:33:01,239 - I've put a bit of paint over the F 726 00:33:01,240 --> 00:33:04,159 on my driver's license but the police scraped it off. 727 00:33:04,160 --> 00:33:07,829 They asked me, are you a man or a woman? 728 00:33:07,830 --> 00:33:11,208 And I said, well, that's a matter of opinion. 729 00:33:12,334 --> 00:33:17,297 - I was pulled over for drunk driving in 1955 and 730 00:33:17,298 --> 00:33:19,424 yeah, I was worried I was going to get booked 731 00:33:19,425 --> 00:33:21,968 for being a sexual degenerate. 732 00:33:21,969 --> 00:33:23,178 Once you're in the books, 733 00:33:23,179 --> 00:33:25,306 you're in the books for the rest of your life. 734 00:33:26,557 --> 00:33:29,309 - My husband had a baseball game. 735 00:33:29,310 --> 00:33:31,936 I decided I would wear a pair of Capri pants 736 00:33:31,937 --> 00:33:36,733 and these Japanese flats. These vice cops picked me up, 737 00:33:36,734 --> 00:33:37,902 said I was soliciting. 738 00:33:38,986 --> 00:33:40,737 I don't need to do that. 739 00:33:40,738 --> 00:33:42,364 I have someone taking care of me. 740 00:33:43,490 --> 00:33:46,702 They just kept asking, are you a man or a woman? 741 00:33:47,620 --> 00:33:49,622 And took me to jail. 742 00:33:50,873 --> 00:33:53,291 - And where's the harassment most common? 743 00:33:53,292 --> 00:33:58,213 - Everywhere. Mexico, Chicago, Washington, 744 00:33:58,214 --> 00:33:59,505 you can't get away from it. 745 00:33:59,506 --> 00:34:01,759 I'm sick and tired of it. 746 00:34:03,219 --> 00:34:04,802 I walk like a woman. 747 00:34:04,803 --> 00:34:06,095 I feel like a woman, 748 00:34:06,096 --> 00:34:08,766 everything I do is feminine and still. 749 00:34:13,145 --> 00:34:16,606 - How long has this harassment been going on? 750 00:34:16,607 --> 00:34:17,607 - Forever. 751 00:34:22,196 --> 00:34:25,115 - I actually find it really hard to sit with Georgia. 752 00:34:27,534 --> 00:34:29,703 I think a lot is put on her shoulders at the time 753 00:34:31,330 --> 00:34:34,457 and so we encounter her in that context 754 00:34:34,458 --> 00:34:36,584 and there's only so much we can do. 755 00:34:36,585 --> 00:34:39,379 We're not there. And I think, you know, 756 00:34:39,380 --> 00:34:40,922 beyond the initial surprise 757 00:34:40,923 --> 00:34:45,928 to find a brilliant, pedagogical, well-spoken, 758 00:34:47,429 --> 00:34:48,846 buttoned-up Black trans woman 759 00:34:48,847 --> 00:34:53,518 in the mid-century speaking back to Garfinkel. 760 00:34:53,519 --> 00:34:58,439 Beyond that, there's some real tough questions about 761 00:34:58,440 --> 00:35:01,776 what she let slip about how hard her life really is 762 00:35:01,777 --> 00:35:04,028 and the way that she tries to package that 763 00:35:04,029 --> 00:35:06,447 for him so he can understand it. 764 00:35:06,448 --> 00:35:08,616 Because there's a color line separating the two 765 00:35:08,617 --> 00:35:11,411 of them and it's really at this time period 766 00:35:11,412 --> 00:35:14,080 and unbridgeable gulf of white supremacy 767 00:35:14,081 --> 00:35:16,958 and Jim Crow and a lot of that has to do 768 00:35:16,959 --> 00:35:19,627 with the divide between public space 769 00:35:19,628 --> 00:35:22,171 and private space. And so it's no coincidence 770 00:35:22,172 --> 00:35:25,883 that iconic trans women of the era, 771 00:35:25,884 --> 00:35:26,719 the Christine Jorgensen's 772 00:35:26,720 --> 00:35:29,178 and the Agnes' are beautiful white women 773 00:35:29,179 --> 00:35:30,097 that we can imagine 774 00:35:30,098 --> 00:35:33,474 in a kitchen - making dinner for their husbands. 775 00:35:33,475 --> 00:35:38,396 The private sphere is a refuge for those lucky enough 776 00:35:38,397 --> 00:35:41,691 by the color of their skin and their income 777 00:35:41,692 --> 00:35:44,569 to be able to flee to the suburbs where you can't be seen. 778 00:35:44,570 --> 00:35:49,073 But for poorer Black trans people and trans people 779 00:35:49,074 --> 00:35:51,409 of color living in places like LA, 780 00:35:51,410 --> 00:35:55,621 moving through space was just 781 00:35:55,622 --> 00:35:57,582 as dangerous then in some ways as it is now. 782 00:35:57,583 --> 00:35:59,083 Walking down the street 783 00:35:59,084 --> 00:36:01,044 which is the story that Georgia tells, 784 00:36:01,045 --> 00:36:04,839 is enough reason to be picked up for prostitution, 785 00:36:04,840 --> 00:36:08,426 for sex work, because just to exist and walk 786 00:36:08,427 --> 00:36:10,428 through the world in public space 787 00:36:10,429 --> 00:36:11,846 as a Black trans woman was 788 00:36:11,847 --> 00:36:14,350 to be considered guilty of a crime. 789 00:36:20,564 --> 00:36:22,648 - [Chase] I think often about the relationship 790 00:36:22,649 --> 00:36:25,193 between visibility and vulnerability. 791 00:36:25,194 --> 00:36:29,114 - Yes, yes. 792 00:36:30,366 --> 00:36:34,202 You know, with the talk shows, 793 00:36:34,203 --> 00:36:37,830 with, you know, media, with all of the, 794 00:36:37,831 --> 00:36:42,210 even the fact that with news now we're actually starting 795 00:36:42,211 --> 00:36:43,920 to hear some of the reports 796 00:36:43,921 --> 00:36:47,423 of the trans murders and to think the violence 797 00:36:47,424 --> 00:36:49,175 that our community experiences. 798 00:36:49,176 --> 00:36:52,053 At the same time, you know, 799 00:36:52,054 --> 00:36:56,808 more visibility provides us with so much more opportunities. 800 00:36:56,809 --> 00:37:00,186 Those who are in the more privileged 801 00:37:00,187 --> 00:37:04,148 parts of our community experience, get more privileged. 802 00:37:04,149 --> 00:37:06,234 Those who are in the most vulnerable parts 803 00:37:06,235 --> 00:37:09,987 of our community are more vulnerable and so, 804 00:37:09,988 --> 00:37:13,116 sort of spotlight turns into this sort of magnifying glass. 805 00:37:13,117 --> 00:37:15,451 It's like this kid holding a magnifying glass 806 00:37:15,452 --> 00:37:18,830 over an ant and burning it because we burn up, 807 00:37:18,831 --> 00:37:20,206 a lot of people in those margins, 808 00:37:20,207 --> 00:37:21,749 we burn up under that spotlight. 809 00:37:21,750 --> 00:37:24,127 When you're in the hood and now they know 810 00:37:24,128 --> 00:37:26,212 how to look for trans people and what to look 811 00:37:26,213 --> 00:37:28,381 for and what have you like, you know, 812 00:37:28,382 --> 00:37:32,593 all eyes are on you and it's not always a good feeling. 813 00:37:32,594 --> 00:37:37,599 - I think visibility is such a hotly contested 814 00:37:38,684 --> 00:37:41,352 topic in our community because our survival 815 00:37:41,353 --> 00:37:43,688 has been predicated on invisibility. 816 00:37:43,689 --> 00:37:45,273 There was always an impulse, I think, 817 00:37:45,274 --> 00:37:48,025 to avoid other trans people. 818 00:37:48,026 --> 00:37:50,361 I remember early in my journey identifying 819 00:37:50,362 --> 00:37:54,908 other trans women in particular in public space and like, 820 00:37:55,868 --> 00:37:59,871 instead of having a moment of recognition 821 00:37:59,872 --> 00:38:03,083 and acknowledgement, it was like a moment of 822 00:38:04,501 --> 00:38:05,335 anxiety. 823 00:38:05,336 --> 00:38:06,419 - I did have a moment where I was 824 00:38:06,420 --> 00:38:08,963 in a diner in Brooklyn and this young woman came 825 00:38:08,964 --> 00:38:10,882 in with her boyfriend and sat down right next 826 00:38:10,883 --> 00:38:12,925 to me and I had that whole kind of moment of like, 827 00:38:12,926 --> 00:38:13,760 should I say something? 828 00:38:13,761 --> 00:38:15,720 Does she know who I am? Or whatever, and on the way out, 829 00:38:15,721 --> 00:38:17,763 like I just looked at her and she just looked up 830 00:38:17,764 --> 00:38:19,140 and it was just a, you know, 831 00:38:19,141 --> 00:38:21,017 just like the subtlest of head nods and we went 832 00:38:21,018 --> 00:38:23,269 about our day, but that was really powerful. 833 00:38:23,270 --> 00:38:24,104 It's like, we're just out 834 00:38:24,105 --> 00:38:27,023 in public doing our thing and we're not alone. 835 00:38:27,024 --> 00:38:28,065 - The thing about women, 836 00:38:28,066 --> 00:38:31,777 cis-women that we still have yet to sort 837 00:38:31,778 --> 00:38:34,947 of claim is that cis-women come in all shapes, 838 00:38:34,948 --> 00:38:39,953 sizes and tones. And so you have cis-women with deep voices. 839 00:38:40,204 --> 00:38:42,246 You have cis-women with broad shoulders. 840 00:38:42,247 --> 00:38:45,666 You have cis-women who are six feet tall or more. 841 00:38:45,667 --> 00:38:47,543 Cis-women with Adam's apples. 842 00:38:47,544 --> 00:38:50,755 But when you're talking about trans women, 843 00:38:50,756 --> 00:38:54,091 then when we come together, 844 00:38:54,092 --> 00:38:55,885 it's sort of an addition up to 845 00:38:55,886 --> 00:38:59,138 what will get us clocked and we can't have an Adam's apple, 846 00:38:59,139 --> 00:39:02,558 a six foot and baritone all in the same group 847 00:39:02,559 --> 00:39:04,852 or else we're all gonna get clocked. 848 00:39:04,853 --> 00:39:06,229 - I also think it's kind of interesting 849 00:39:06,230 --> 00:39:08,439 that with trans people there was an interesting, 850 00:39:08,440 --> 00:39:11,108 this kind of historical accident 851 00:39:11,109 --> 00:39:13,861 that the people who got elevated the highest 852 00:39:13,862 --> 00:39:15,196 were actually those 853 00:39:15,197 --> 00:39:19,033 who shared an identity with the people who are most at risk. 854 00:39:19,034 --> 00:39:20,910 The fact that it was Black trans women 855 00:39:20,911 --> 00:39:23,871 who became ultimately the face of the movement 856 00:39:23,872 --> 00:39:25,456 while it was Black trans women 857 00:39:25,457 --> 00:39:27,083 who were most at risk in the movement. 858 00:39:27,084 --> 00:39:29,043 - Can you do me a favor or yeah, 859 00:39:29,044 --> 00:39:31,671 the favor, of summarizing the Laverne, 860 00:39:31,672 --> 00:39:34,132 Katie Couric encounter? 861 00:39:35,634 --> 00:39:38,219 - It was interesting to watch on TV 862 00:39:38,220 --> 00:39:41,389 because it was such a milestone for us 863 00:39:41,390 --> 00:39:42,266 as trans people 864 00:39:42,267 --> 00:39:46,269 to see two trans people on Katie Couric's show, 865 00:39:46,270 --> 00:39:48,980 Laverne Cox and Carmen Carrera 866 00:39:48,981 --> 00:39:52,483 and what you saw was at first, Katie tries 867 00:39:52,484 --> 00:39:55,444 to ask these very invasive questions about, 868 00:39:55,445 --> 00:39:57,280 you know, what surgeries have you had, 869 00:39:57,281 --> 00:40:00,908 what's going on with your body to Carmen Carrera and Carmen, 870 00:40:00,909 --> 00:40:03,911 I think might not have had the words at the time 871 00:40:03,912 --> 00:40:06,539 but she knew in her body just something felt wrong 872 00:40:06,540 --> 00:40:07,499 about that question. 873 00:40:07,500 --> 00:40:09,875 She's like, oh, I actually kind of don't want 874 00:40:09,876 --> 00:40:13,796 to answer that question and then Laverne came out 875 00:40:13,797 --> 00:40:15,631 and Katie kind of tried 876 00:40:15,632 --> 00:40:17,383 to come back again and was like, well, 877 00:40:17,384 --> 00:40:18,759 I asked Carmen these questions 878 00:40:18,760 --> 00:40:21,554 and she felt it was a little intrusive, what do you think? 879 00:40:21,555 --> 00:40:23,598 And Laverne had the words. 880 00:40:23,599 --> 00:40:25,016 - The preoccupation with transition, 881 00:40:25,017 --> 00:40:27,018 with surgery, objectifies trans people 882 00:40:27,019 --> 00:40:28,853 and then we don't get to really deal 883 00:40:28,854 --> 00:40:30,438 with the real lived experiences. 884 00:40:30,439 --> 00:40:32,690 The reality of trans people's lives is 885 00:40:32,691 --> 00:40:35,318 that so often we're targets of violence. 886 00:40:35,319 --> 00:40:38,029 The homicide rate in the LGBT community is highest 887 00:40:38,030 --> 00:40:41,157 amongst trans women and when we focus on transition, 888 00:40:41,158 --> 00:40:43,993 we don't actually get to talk about those things. 889 00:40:43,994 --> 00:40:46,829 This is the reality of so many trans people's lives 890 00:40:46,830 --> 00:40:48,247 in this country, trans women 891 00:40:48,248 --> 00:40:50,541 of color whose lives are in danger simply 892 00:40:50,542 --> 00:40:52,710 for being who they are and we're looking 893 00:40:52,711 --> 00:40:55,504 for justice for Islan's murder and we're looking 894 00:40:55,505 --> 00:40:57,423 for justice for so many trans people 895 00:40:57,424 --> 00:40:59,925 across this country and by focusing on bodies, 896 00:40:59,926 --> 00:41:02,011 we don't focus on the lived realities 897 00:41:02,012 --> 00:41:04,180 of that oppression and that discrimination. 898 00:41:04,181 --> 00:41:08,142 - We turn to Laverne Cox and we turn to Janet Mock 899 00:41:08,143 --> 00:41:10,436 and we turn to Angelica Ross and people 900 00:41:10,437 --> 00:41:15,442 who are going to show us a path forward, 901 00:41:15,484 --> 00:41:17,485 speak truth to power and we love it, 902 00:41:17,486 --> 00:41:19,779 but we don't think about the pressure 903 00:41:19,780 --> 00:41:21,989 that that puts on them and we don't think 904 00:41:21,990 --> 00:41:23,824 about what it means to be put in that position, 905 00:41:23,825 --> 00:41:25,743 where you can either sink or swim 906 00:41:25,744 --> 00:41:28,788 and I think people are tired of swimming. 907 00:41:28,789 --> 00:41:33,668 You shouldn't have to be a saint, you know, to get a job. 908 00:41:33,669 --> 00:41:35,879 - [Host] So Georgia, what's next? 909 00:41:41,885 --> 00:41:42,885 - I don't know. 910 00:41:47,015 --> 00:41:48,683 I don't know. 911 00:41:48,684 --> 00:41:51,061 This whole thing just has me so sick with worry 912 00:41:53,939 --> 00:41:58,944 and I read my Bible, stay faithful, but I don't know. 913 00:42:04,366 --> 00:42:06,827 I feel good about being a woman 914 00:42:09,913 --> 00:42:11,039 but everything else, 915 00:42:18,296 --> 00:42:19,381 I don't know. 916 00:42:21,508 --> 00:42:23,677 (humming) 917 00:43:19,483 --> 00:43:21,525 - I feel this kind of responsibility 918 00:43:21,526 --> 00:43:24,863 for Georgia that is totally inappropriate. 919 00:43:27,824 --> 00:43:29,200 I don't know Georgia. 920 00:43:29,201 --> 00:43:30,785 My life is nothing like her. 921 00:43:30,786 --> 00:43:32,995 I'm a trans woman of color, I'm not Black. 922 00:43:32,996 --> 00:43:34,121 I don't share that experience. 923 00:43:34,122 --> 00:43:35,206 I'm not from the South. 924 00:43:35,207 --> 00:43:37,082 I never lived in that time period. 925 00:43:37,083 --> 00:43:38,751 I don't know shit about Georgia 926 00:43:38,752 --> 00:43:41,378 and in that way I'm much like Garfinkel. 927 00:43:41,379 --> 00:43:43,506 There's what I think I know about her. 928 00:43:43,507 --> 00:43:45,257 There's what I want her to mean for me 929 00:43:45,258 --> 00:43:47,718 and I've had to work really hard in my life 930 00:43:47,719 --> 00:43:51,680 to understand that that's also how I'm treated 931 00:43:51,681 --> 00:43:54,183 in the world. And I think it's really painful 932 00:43:54,184 --> 00:43:58,354 to try and turn to the past to learn a lesson 933 00:43:58,355 --> 00:43:59,688 for this moment 934 00:43:59,689 --> 00:44:01,774 when I just see the same thing happening 935 00:44:01,775 --> 00:44:02,858 over and over again. 936 00:44:02,859 --> 00:44:06,070 One of my first reactions to Agnes was, wow, 937 00:44:06,071 --> 00:44:06,988 that's so interesting. 938 00:44:06,989 --> 00:44:08,447 I'm nothing like that. 939 00:44:08,448 --> 00:44:10,325 I could have never been her. 940 00:44:11,618 --> 00:44:13,369 I also don't want to. 941 00:44:13,370 --> 00:44:14,954 I don't want to be her. 942 00:44:14,955 --> 00:44:17,331 But I think part of the problem then is if we think 943 00:44:17,332 --> 00:44:19,208 that Agnes is unrepresentative, 944 00:44:19,209 --> 00:44:22,711 we have to try and figure out what do we do 945 00:44:22,712 --> 00:44:25,381 with the fact that she's iconic. And she's iconic 946 00:44:25,382 --> 00:44:28,467 in this positive sense that she was very visible 947 00:44:28,468 --> 00:44:31,554 because she ticked a lot of the boxes 948 00:44:31,555 --> 00:44:33,597 and so she was able to leverage that, right? 949 00:44:33,598 --> 00:44:34,932 She got things done. 950 00:44:34,933 --> 00:44:38,727 She outwitted Robert Stoller, 951 00:44:38,728 --> 00:44:40,646 she got hormones, she got surgery, 952 00:44:40,647 --> 00:44:43,232 she made a life for herself, right? 953 00:44:43,233 --> 00:44:46,110 And I don't begrudge her that for a moment. 954 00:44:46,111 --> 00:44:48,028 She saw an opportunity and she took it 955 00:44:48,029 --> 00:44:49,905 and so she's iconic in a certain way 956 00:44:49,906 --> 00:44:54,702 but then we have to go and ask, how is Georgia iconic? 957 00:44:54,703 --> 00:44:56,704 Well, she's not a household name. 958 00:44:56,705 --> 00:44:59,957 Even amongst historians people don't know her story, 959 00:44:59,958 --> 00:45:02,793 but people think they know who she is when they see her, 960 00:45:02,794 --> 00:45:06,046 oh, the Black trans woman from that era, 961 00:45:06,047 --> 00:45:09,425 she must be incarnating all that was horrible 962 00:45:09,426 --> 00:45:12,553 and awful and racist and transphobic. 963 00:45:12,554 --> 00:45:14,138 And so she becomes iconic too, 964 00:45:14,139 --> 00:45:15,765 but almost like a negative icon. 965 00:45:17,601 --> 00:45:19,310 And so it's easy for us to say, well, 966 00:45:19,311 --> 00:45:24,315 Agnes doesn't work because she's too limited as you know, 967 00:45:24,316 --> 00:45:26,066 an icon to stand in for trans people 968 00:45:26,067 --> 00:45:27,943 so we'll just substitute her for Georgia. 969 00:45:27,944 --> 00:45:30,029 And that will be a radical act 970 00:45:30,030 --> 00:45:31,906 because Black trans women haven't had their time 971 00:45:31,907 --> 00:45:33,866 and so we're just doing a good thing, 972 00:45:33,867 --> 00:45:36,076 just like that. Boom, boom. 973 00:45:36,077 --> 00:45:39,163 But it's the same system of icons 974 00:45:39,164 --> 00:45:41,707 and it doesn't take into consideration that, 975 00:45:41,708 --> 00:45:43,667 you know, when all is said and done, 976 00:45:43,668 --> 00:45:45,628 Agnes gets some things that help her life. 977 00:45:45,629 --> 00:45:47,671 Did Georgia get anything out of that experience? 978 00:45:47,672 --> 00:45:49,506 I don't know but it doesn't seem like it. 979 00:45:49,507 --> 00:45:51,383 And she's not the one that we remember 980 00:45:51,384 --> 00:45:54,261 and so I'm really critical of trying 981 00:45:54,262 --> 00:45:56,847 to recuperate the Georgia's of the past 982 00:45:56,848 --> 00:46:00,059 as if that atones for the sins 983 00:46:00,060 --> 00:46:05,022 of that time but also the sins of our present. 984 00:46:05,023 --> 00:46:09,109 One of my mentors in college was teaching me 985 00:46:09,110 --> 00:46:12,488 kind of how to be a historian and one of the things 986 00:46:12,489 --> 00:46:14,865 that she told me that's always stuck with me is she said, 987 00:46:14,866 --> 00:46:17,952 our job is not to act as if we know things about people 988 00:46:17,953 --> 00:46:20,412 that they didn't know about themselves. 989 00:46:20,413 --> 00:46:23,916 And if that's true, then we can't turn 990 00:46:23,917 --> 00:46:28,045 to Georgia just like we can't turn to Agnes 991 00:46:28,046 --> 00:46:30,214 to fix something that's our fault. 992 00:46:30,215 --> 00:46:33,217 We can only meet them in so far 993 00:46:33,218 --> 00:46:34,760 as they exist in this archive 994 00:46:34,761 --> 00:46:36,387 and we can imagine more about them 995 00:46:36,388 --> 00:46:39,056 but we have to admit when that imagining is about 996 00:46:39,057 --> 00:46:41,100 what we want and need from them 997 00:46:41,101 --> 00:46:43,645 and not what they were really there doing. 998 00:46:50,360 --> 00:46:53,195 - If I could talk to Georgia, it really would be, 999 00:46:53,196 --> 00:46:57,408 I just feel like there's this thread through the experience. 1000 00:46:57,409 --> 00:47:02,247 There's a story that I would relate to. 1001 00:47:03,623 --> 00:47:06,459 Girl, how did you make it through? 1002 00:47:10,422 --> 00:47:13,340 I always say, either you like me like this 1003 00:47:13,341 --> 00:47:15,259 or you don't like me at all 1004 00:47:15,260 --> 00:47:17,679 'cause I can't be nobody else but me. 1005 00:47:21,224 --> 00:47:23,350 - Many, many years ago I just gotten my PhD 1006 00:47:23,351 --> 00:47:25,227 and I decided to write a book 1007 00:47:25,228 --> 00:47:28,105 about the history of trans kids, 1008 00:47:28,106 --> 00:47:29,898 partly because there was no book 1009 00:47:29,899 --> 00:47:33,068 about the history of trans kids, partly 1010 00:47:33,069 --> 00:47:35,696 because trans kids were suddenly on 20/20 1011 00:47:35,697 --> 00:47:38,198 and there were being documentaries being made 1012 00:47:38,199 --> 00:47:40,075 about them and there were, you know, 1013 00:47:40,076 --> 00:47:41,452 new characters on TV shows 1014 00:47:41,453 --> 00:47:43,954 and I just had this premonition that like, 1015 00:47:43,955 --> 00:47:47,291 it's about to get really dangerous and really dark 1016 00:47:47,292 --> 00:47:48,625 and I had seen whispers in the archive 1017 00:47:48,626 --> 00:47:52,171 that kids transitioned and we didn't know this. 1018 00:47:52,172 --> 00:47:53,255 It's incredible to meet Jimmy 1019 00:47:53,256 --> 00:47:56,092 because Jimmy is a trans teenager. 1020 00:47:56,968 --> 00:48:00,304 - Hello, Jimmy, thank you for joining us this evening. 1021 00:48:00,305 --> 00:48:02,181 I must admit you are much younger 1022 00:48:02,182 --> 00:48:04,350 than most of the people we've been speaking to. 1023 00:48:05,268 --> 00:48:08,020 - Yeah, I'm a teen. 1024 00:48:08,021 --> 00:48:09,521 - Can you tell me a little bit about your family? 1025 00:48:09,522 --> 00:48:13,150 - I have two brothers and a sister. 1026 00:48:13,151 --> 00:48:14,193 - And what about your parents? 1027 00:48:14,194 --> 00:48:17,863 - My dad is a truck driver and my mom is a housewife. 1028 00:48:17,864 --> 00:48:19,656 - [Morgan] One of the interesting pieces 1029 00:48:19,657 --> 00:48:22,117 of Jimmy's story is that he comes 1030 00:48:22,118 --> 00:48:26,580 into the UCLA clinic with his mom and she's like supportive. 1031 00:48:26,581 --> 00:48:29,334 What do you think about that? 1032 00:48:30,710 --> 00:48:32,503 - I think a lot of things. 1033 00:48:32,504 --> 00:48:35,798 I think that like the space of the clinic is a space 1034 00:48:35,799 --> 00:48:37,841 where the mother can emerge as supportive. 1035 00:48:37,842 --> 00:48:39,510 My kids said that they were this thing 1036 00:48:39,511 --> 00:48:41,678 or that they needed this thing and then I checked 1037 00:48:41,679 --> 00:48:44,056 with an expert and the experts said 1038 00:48:44,057 --> 00:48:47,601 that that was going to be okay and so it could happen. 1039 00:48:47,602 --> 00:48:49,812 - Your parents must be a little overwhelmed 1040 00:48:49,813 --> 00:48:52,147 by your desire for all these changes. 1041 00:48:52,148 --> 00:48:55,609 - Yeah, well, you know, they're old people. 1042 00:48:55,610 --> 00:48:58,153 - I assume you go to school. 1043 00:48:58,154 --> 00:49:00,697 - Yeah, we just switched school districts 1044 00:49:00,698 --> 00:49:03,033 so that I could start the next year as a boy. 1045 00:49:03,034 --> 00:49:04,243 It didn't matter before 1046 00:49:04,244 --> 00:49:06,912 because everybody sounds the same pre-puberty. 1047 00:49:06,913 --> 00:49:09,289 - But you have to practice being a boy? 1048 00:49:09,290 --> 00:49:14,295 - You just grimace, hitch your pants up, and sit down. 1049 00:49:14,796 --> 00:49:17,047 - But there's a difference between wanting 1050 00:49:17,048 --> 00:49:19,175 to be a boy and being a boy. 1051 00:49:21,553 --> 00:49:22,929 - I don't see a difference. 1052 00:49:23,763 --> 00:49:25,139 To be an adolescent is kind of 1053 00:49:25,140 --> 00:49:27,099 to be like truculent or to feel aggrieved 1054 00:49:27,100 --> 00:49:29,268 or to kind of feel like no one around me knows 1055 00:49:29,269 --> 00:49:30,769 what I am going through. 1056 00:49:30,770 --> 00:49:32,521 I think the thing that I really identify 1057 00:49:32,522 --> 00:49:35,607 with here is that for lots of trans adolescents, 1058 00:49:35,608 --> 00:49:36,442 like that's true. 1059 00:49:36,443 --> 00:49:39,194 Like no one around me knows what I'm going through. 1060 00:49:39,195 --> 00:49:42,030 It's like the problem of adolescence writ insanely large. 1061 00:49:42,031 --> 00:49:44,575 - We didn't think there were trans teenagers that long ago. 1062 00:49:44,576 --> 00:49:47,244 A lot of trans kids today think they're the first ones 1063 00:49:47,245 --> 00:49:48,079 to go through this. 1064 00:49:48,080 --> 00:49:49,788 A lot of trans people think whenever you are able 1065 00:49:49,789 --> 00:49:52,624 to finally transition that one of the reasons it's 1066 00:49:52,625 --> 00:49:54,084 so hard is no one's ever done it before. 1067 00:49:54,085 --> 00:49:57,421 And so I really wanted to tell the stories of trans kids. 1068 00:49:57,422 --> 00:49:58,339 I wanted to find them. 1069 00:49:58,340 --> 00:50:00,591 I wanted to go to places like UCLA 1070 00:50:00,592 --> 00:50:02,843 and say they were there too. 1071 00:50:02,844 --> 00:50:04,011 They did it. 1072 00:50:04,012 --> 00:50:05,721 And I decided to write this book 1073 00:50:05,722 --> 00:50:08,348 in a lot of ways because I wanted 1074 00:50:08,349 --> 00:50:10,434 to avoid transitioning 1075 00:50:10,435 --> 00:50:14,479 and I thought if I could write a book 1076 00:50:14,480 --> 00:50:16,690 about trans people that did their lives justice 1077 00:50:16,691 --> 00:50:18,483 then I would have done my piece 1078 00:50:18,484 --> 00:50:22,696 and I wouldn't have to say yes to the thing 1079 00:50:22,697 --> 00:50:26,992 that I wanted. And I'm sure you can relate 1080 00:50:26,993 --> 00:50:28,911 to this in different ways as a maker 1081 00:50:28,912 --> 00:50:31,747 we bring ourselves into what we do 1082 00:50:31,748 --> 00:50:33,749 but sometimes we want so badly 1083 00:50:33,750 --> 00:50:37,002 to escape who we are in our work. 1084 00:50:37,003 --> 00:50:39,463 - I was talking to your mom backstage about the surgery. 1085 00:50:39,464 --> 00:50:42,007 - I got my tonsils out when I was little. 1086 00:50:42,008 --> 00:50:44,009 I don't see how this is much different. 1087 00:50:44,010 --> 00:50:46,261 I know I have male blood cells, 1088 00:50:46,262 --> 00:50:47,596 I just need to get the plumbing fixed. 1089 00:50:47,597 --> 00:50:49,056 - You've already got the hair. 1090 00:50:49,057 --> 00:50:50,307 - Like a surfer. 1091 00:50:50,308 --> 00:50:52,142 - What do you want to do when you grow up? 1092 00:50:52,143 --> 00:50:55,771 - I want live in Malibu and own a yacht. 1093 00:50:55,772 --> 00:50:56,648 - That sounds nice. 1094 00:50:56,649 --> 00:50:58,983 - My grandma says she'll buy the gasoline. 1095 00:51:00,985 --> 00:51:02,236 And I said I'd let her. 1096 00:51:02,237 --> 00:51:03,403 - What? 1097 00:51:03,404 --> 00:51:04,613 (laughing) 1098 00:51:04,614 --> 00:51:05,697 - And I said I'd let her. 1099 00:51:05,698 --> 00:51:06,949 - He is trolling the guy. 1100 00:51:06,950 --> 00:51:08,158 - Yeah. - Like he's like I'm gonna say 1101 00:51:08,159 --> 00:51:09,326 the most absurd thing I possibly can. 1102 00:51:09,327 --> 00:51:10,410 - I think so. 1103 00:51:10,411 --> 00:51:14,164 So there are several moments in Jimmy's interviews 1104 00:51:14,165 --> 00:51:15,207 which reading them, especially 1105 00:51:15,208 --> 00:51:16,541 as a transcript and not knowing 1106 00:51:16,542 --> 00:51:18,961 how he said the thing, is really interesting. 1107 00:51:18,962 --> 00:51:21,255 Moments that I read as basically him sort 1108 00:51:21,256 --> 00:51:23,465 of fucking with Garfinkel or like messing with him. 1109 00:51:23,466 --> 00:51:25,384 So there's a skill of playfulness just 1110 00:51:25,385 --> 00:51:26,719 for keeping yourself alive. 1111 00:51:38,273 --> 00:51:41,066 - In the course of like performing this person 1112 00:51:41,067 --> 00:51:42,734 or inhabiting this person, 1113 00:51:42,735 --> 00:51:46,572 there's like a grief that is really there for me. 1114 00:51:48,658 --> 00:51:49,825 This was like one of the things I kind 1115 00:51:49,826 --> 00:51:51,576 of believed that this was new, 1116 00:51:51,577 --> 00:51:53,787 that like this had never happened before and part 1117 00:51:53,788 --> 00:51:55,622 of the reason why all of these horrible things had 1118 00:51:55,623 --> 00:51:57,374 to happen to me and part of the reason 1119 00:51:57,375 --> 00:51:59,668 why when I said like over and over, you have to call me he, 1120 00:51:59,669 --> 00:52:01,128 you have to call me he, please call me he, 1121 00:52:01,129 --> 00:52:02,546 I can't live like this. 1122 00:52:02,547 --> 00:52:03,797 Part of the reason that the answer had 1123 00:52:03,798 --> 00:52:07,217 to be no was that this was all so new 1124 00:52:07,218 --> 00:52:09,511 and no one knew what to do with it. 1125 00:52:09,512 --> 00:52:10,762 Most of the doctors that I saw 1126 00:52:10,763 --> 00:52:12,347 as a youth just had no idea 1127 00:52:12,348 --> 00:52:14,057 what they were talking about and were sort 1128 00:52:14,058 --> 00:52:16,018 of pretending to or not in varying degrees. 1129 00:52:16,019 --> 00:52:17,185 I saw one dude 1130 00:52:17,186 --> 00:52:20,480 who was doing his PhD at UCLA, 1131 00:52:20,481 --> 00:52:22,858 when people want the like reparative therapy anecdote, 1132 00:52:22,859 --> 00:52:24,568 this is the reparative therapy anecdote: 1133 00:52:24,569 --> 00:52:25,986 So he's like telling me this story 1134 00:52:25,987 --> 00:52:30,032 about this trans man patient that he has and he's like, 1135 00:52:30,033 --> 00:52:32,409 so he was dating this girl and he brought the girl 1136 00:52:32,410 --> 00:52:34,953 into my office because it was the first relationship, 1137 00:52:34,954 --> 00:52:38,707 you know, he had tried to have and he was really happy 1138 00:52:38,708 --> 00:52:41,084 with her and they were sitting there together 1139 00:52:41,085 --> 00:52:44,087 and at one point she turned to him and she said, 1140 00:52:44,088 --> 00:52:46,674 'oh honey, I know you're a girl' 1141 00:52:48,509 --> 00:52:51,428 And as a 27 year old man, I'm like, oh, 1142 00:52:51,429 --> 00:52:52,679 I'm sure that there are all kinds 1143 00:52:52,680 --> 00:52:54,639 of ways that they could be understanding themselves, right? 1144 00:52:54,640 --> 00:52:55,891 But at the time I was fucking furious. 1145 00:52:55,892 --> 00:52:57,100 I just was like, why? 1146 00:52:57,101 --> 00:52:58,602 That was a horrible thing to say to him, 1147 00:52:58,603 --> 00:53:00,437 like he should have walked out of the office 1148 00:53:00,438 --> 00:53:03,148 and dumped her right there and the doctor was like, 1149 00:53:03,149 --> 00:53:04,441 no, no, no, you don't understand. 1150 00:53:04,442 --> 00:53:06,234 It was beautiful because that's the only way 1151 00:53:06,235 --> 00:53:07,402 that someone like that could ever 1152 00:53:07,403 --> 00:53:09,863 have a relationship. And I remember being like, well, 1153 00:53:09,864 --> 00:53:11,865 I'm never going to have a relationship like that. 1154 00:53:11,866 --> 00:53:13,158 Like, I'm never going to date somebody 1155 00:53:13,159 --> 00:53:15,202 who thinks I'm a girl. And he looked me 1156 00:53:15,203 --> 00:53:17,662 in my eyes and he said, 1157 00:53:17,663 --> 00:53:18,998 who loves people like that? 1158 00:53:28,216 --> 00:53:30,258 - Am I right to say that you're in a relationship? 1159 00:53:30,259 --> 00:53:31,676 - That's correct. 1160 00:53:31,677 --> 00:53:32,677 He's a decent man. 1161 00:53:33,805 --> 00:53:35,347 - But what about intimacy? 1162 00:53:35,348 --> 00:53:36,348 - What about it? 1163 00:53:39,519 --> 00:53:42,063 - I met my husband in 1955. 1164 00:53:44,065 --> 00:53:47,109 Most men would ask, are you a man or a woman? 1165 00:53:47,110 --> 00:53:50,696 So I had to find a man who liked that sort of thing. 1166 00:53:51,864 --> 00:53:53,532 - And what about love? 1167 00:53:53,533 --> 00:53:56,159 - You know what I say, love is like a gun collection, 1168 00:53:56,160 --> 00:53:59,329 many kinds, many calibers. 1169 00:53:59,330 --> 00:54:02,541 - I've been with June for many years 1170 00:54:02,542 --> 00:54:04,501 and she always told me she'd stay 1171 00:54:04,502 --> 00:54:06,628 with me through any changes. 1172 00:54:06,629 --> 00:54:11,008 - I met Cathy in 1942, love of my life. 1173 00:54:11,968 --> 00:54:14,761 - Sometimes I get so frustrated with my husband 1174 00:54:14,762 --> 00:54:16,972 'cause he's never had to worry 1175 00:54:16,973 --> 00:54:19,099 about anyone other than himself. 1176 00:54:19,100 --> 00:54:23,312 Not just him, most men. 1177 00:54:25,398 --> 00:54:27,482 - Bill and I have been together for some time, 1178 00:54:27,483 --> 00:54:30,236 Bill's a regular guy, normal. 1179 00:54:31,779 --> 00:54:33,572 Most couples have to determine 1180 00:54:33,573 --> 00:54:36,491 whether they're sexually compatible. 1181 00:54:36,492 --> 00:54:41,497 Bill and I had to figure out if we were sexually possible. 1182 00:54:41,581 --> 00:54:43,458 - And what does Bill think of your situation? 1183 00:54:45,376 --> 00:54:46,835 - Bill thinks of my situation 1184 00:54:46,836 --> 00:54:49,380 as like a toothache that the dentist has to pull. 1185 00:54:50,214 --> 00:54:51,966 - But what does Bill know? 1186 00:54:52,842 --> 00:54:54,676 - Well, Bill knows what you know. 1187 00:54:54,677 --> 00:54:55,677 - Well, what do I know? 1188 00:54:56,888 --> 00:54:57,888 - You tell me. 1189 00:54:59,307 --> 00:55:00,515 - I once dated a man who worked 1190 00:55:00,516 --> 00:55:03,101 on the railroad and he didn't know. 1191 00:55:03,102 --> 00:55:04,936 When I finally told him, 1192 00:55:04,937 --> 00:55:08,649 he was in shock but we worked it out. 1193 00:55:10,026 --> 00:55:11,693 You never know what people want 1194 00:55:11,694 --> 00:55:15,864 or how they might react. And my sex is just one part 1195 00:55:15,865 --> 00:55:16,865 of who I am. 1196 00:55:19,785 --> 00:55:21,703 - I guess I think sometimes 1197 00:55:21,704 --> 00:55:26,583 about the risk and walking through doors 1198 00:55:26,584 --> 00:55:28,877 that you can't walk back out of 1199 00:55:28,878 --> 00:55:30,754 and sometimes research feels like that. 1200 00:55:30,755 --> 00:55:33,381 And so we have this social scientific 1201 00:55:33,382 --> 00:55:38,053 and medical archive where trans people come 1202 00:55:38,054 --> 00:55:40,597 and they talk and they're not passive. 1203 00:55:40,598 --> 00:55:42,891 They don't lack the ability to do things. 1204 00:55:42,892 --> 00:55:44,226 They're not, they have, you know, 1205 00:55:44,227 --> 00:55:47,812 they have agency. They talk back, they look at the camera, 1206 00:55:47,813 --> 00:55:49,856 they make gestures, 1207 00:55:49,857 --> 00:55:51,691 they refuse to answer things. 1208 00:55:51,692 --> 00:55:54,319 They are people, but they're not recorded 1209 00:55:54,320 --> 00:55:58,240 as people and so the thing that they're 1210 00:55:58,241 --> 00:56:00,325 so conscious of is that they're always 1211 00:56:00,326 --> 00:56:04,330 in the frame, and Garfinkel or Stoller is outside. 1212 00:56:05,915 --> 00:56:06,874 And at the end of the day, 1213 00:56:06,875 --> 00:56:09,417 he turns off the tape recorder, 1214 00:56:09,418 --> 00:56:11,795 puts his suit jacket back on, 1215 00:56:11,796 --> 00:56:14,840 goes and gets in his car in the parking lot and drives home. 1216 00:56:16,676 --> 00:56:19,719 But for the trans people that he's studying, 1217 00:56:19,720 --> 00:56:21,555 they never get that moment, right? 1218 00:56:21,556 --> 00:56:24,474 They're always inside the frame and I think that 1219 00:56:24,475 --> 00:56:27,310 part of what's so hard to try 1220 00:56:27,311 --> 00:56:28,436 and do research differently 1221 00:56:28,437 --> 00:56:33,442 than those people did in the mid-century as trans people, 1222 00:56:33,776 --> 00:56:35,819 is that we're not able to leave the frame either. 1223 00:56:35,820 --> 00:56:39,197 We never exit and so I guess sometimes I feel afraid 1224 00:56:39,198 --> 00:56:42,242 that if I walk into this library and I go into this archive, 1225 00:56:42,243 --> 00:56:45,704 I'm never going to walk back out. 1226 00:56:45,705 --> 00:56:48,748 - Have you heard of the work of Dr. Harry Benjamin? 1227 00:56:48,749 --> 00:56:51,585 - I did speak to Dr. Benjamin, but $20 a visit? 1228 00:56:51,586 --> 00:56:53,128 That's outrageous. 1229 00:56:53,129 --> 00:56:54,170 I have friends who know doctors 1230 00:56:54,171 --> 00:56:56,715 who will prescribe hormones for much cheaper. 1231 00:56:56,716 --> 00:56:58,216 - Can you tell me about your experiences 1232 00:56:58,217 --> 00:56:59,968 with doctors at UCLA? 1233 00:56:59,969 --> 00:57:01,428 - Yeah, I see Dr. Lubin. 1234 00:57:01,429 --> 00:57:03,847 He kind of seems like a girl himself. 1235 00:57:03,848 --> 00:57:08,268 I also see Stoller, Goodwin, Rosen and Garfinkel. 1236 00:57:08,269 --> 00:57:11,187 I can't tell if they are trying to help me 1237 00:57:11,188 --> 00:57:12,981 or just help themselves. 1238 00:57:12,982 --> 00:57:16,067 - I've been in contact with Dr. Elmer Belt, 1239 00:57:16,068 --> 00:57:17,819 Christine Jorgensen put me in touch with him. 1240 00:57:17,820 --> 00:57:19,613 He's one of the better surgeons. 1241 00:57:19,614 --> 00:57:22,157 - Not all surgeons are good at these types of procedures? 1242 00:57:22,158 --> 00:57:24,534 - I always say there are three kinds of doctors. 1243 00:57:24,535 --> 00:57:26,369 There are those who are willing. 1244 00:57:26,370 --> 00:57:28,538 There are those who acknowledge that something must 1245 00:57:28,539 --> 00:57:30,373 be done but aren't willing to do it. 1246 00:57:30,374 --> 00:57:33,501 And those who wouldn't do it even if they knew how. 1247 00:57:33,502 --> 00:57:35,963 I've learned to tell which is which very quickly. 1248 00:57:37,214 --> 00:57:40,383 - Trans medicine is sort of a kind 1249 00:57:40,384 --> 00:57:43,637 of accidental stepchild or sibling 1250 00:57:43,638 --> 00:57:45,805 to the medicalization of intersex 1251 00:57:45,806 --> 00:57:48,892 infants and children and adults. And it's really kind 1252 00:57:48,893 --> 00:57:52,312 of a painful tale where we start 1253 00:57:52,313 --> 00:57:55,523 to see this divergence where trans people are asking 1254 00:57:55,524 --> 00:57:58,151 for the very things and being told they can't have them 1255 00:57:58,152 --> 00:57:59,903 that are being really violently 1256 00:57:59,904 --> 00:58:03,448 and forcibly imposed on intersex folks. 1257 00:58:03,449 --> 00:58:05,450 - Are you interested in the surgery? 1258 00:58:05,451 --> 00:58:08,286 - Some people say maybe you'll get fixed like 1259 00:58:08,287 --> 00:58:12,500 that Christine Jorgensen. Maybe. 1260 00:58:14,210 --> 00:58:17,087 - But do you ever feel embarrassed by your situation? 1261 00:58:17,088 --> 00:58:19,923 - I've been in many rooms with many doctors. 1262 00:58:19,924 --> 00:58:21,216 I'm not embarrassed. 1263 00:58:21,217 --> 00:58:22,051 - But they're going 1264 00:58:22,052 --> 00:58:25,428 to remove incredibly important parts of your body. 1265 00:58:25,429 --> 00:58:26,263 (laughing) 1266 00:58:26,264 --> 00:58:27,889 Why are you laughing? 1267 00:58:27,890 --> 00:58:28,849 - Oh, I don't know. 1268 00:58:28,850 --> 00:58:30,350 Why don't you just put it in a little box 1269 00:58:30,351 --> 00:58:33,478 so I can pet it and keep it for the rest of my life. 1270 00:58:33,479 --> 00:58:35,480 - Aren't you worried about complications? 1271 00:58:35,481 --> 00:58:38,817 - This is the upmost complication. 1272 00:58:38,818 --> 00:58:40,485 - [Jules Voiceover] I can remember at the very beginning 1273 00:58:40,486 --> 00:58:45,449 of graduate school I read a kind of sensationalist kind 1274 00:58:45,574 --> 00:58:48,201 of salacious sort of paragraph about Agnes 1275 00:58:48,202 --> 00:58:50,537 that implied the thing that was really interesting 1276 00:58:50,538 --> 00:58:54,499 about her was that she tricked Dr. Robert Stoller 1277 00:58:54,500 --> 00:58:56,626 at UCLA into thinking 1278 00:58:56,627 --> 00:59:00,046 that she was somehow biologically intersex in some way 1279 00:59:00,047 --> 00:59:03,508 when really she had been a trans teenager. 1280 00:59:03,509 --> 00:59:04,843 And I think the story 1281 00:59:04,844 --> 00:59:07,762 that I read suggested she was stealing estrogen pills 1282 00:59:07,763 --> 00:59:09,806 from her mother or something like that. 1283 00:59:09,807 --> 00:59:11,391 - Are you taking any medication? 1284 00:59:11,392 --> 00:59:13,518 - Well, that's a loaded question. 1285 00:59:13,519 --> 00:59:14,770 - Why would it be loaded? 1286 00:59:16,897 --> 00:59:19,859 - Sometimes I take alka tablets or aspirin. 1287 00:59:20,818 --> 00:59:23,027 - And then once the lie was revealed many years later 1288 00:59:23,028 --> 00:59:25,697 after she had gotten what she wanted which was surgery, 1289 00:59:25,698 --> 00:59:28,241 the doctors were left with a kind of bitter taste 1290 00:59:28,242 --> 00:59:29,076 in their mouth. 1291 00:59:29,077 --> 00:59:30,869 And I remember reading it and thinking 1292 00:59:30,870 --> 00:59:33,163 this whole thing is a lie. 1293 00:59:33,164 --> 00:59:35,582 You know, I remember thinking this passage is a lie. 1294 00:59:35,583 --> 00:59:37,917 It's not telling the real story. 1295 00:59:37,918 --> 00:59:40,588 - And what do you think of the lie? 1296 00:59:43,215 --> 00:59:48,179 - I think that we are only 1297 00:59:50,264 --> 00:59:53,016 human if we're allowed to be anti-heroes. 1298 00:59:53,017 --> 00:59:54,267 - [Host] So tell me, Agnes. 1299 00:59:54,268 --> 00:59:55,186 - What? 1300 00:59:55,187 --> 00:59:56,936 - [Host] What's next? 1301 00:59:56,937 --> 00:59:58,230 - So what's next. 1302 01:00:02,443 --> 01:00:03,527 My whole life. . 1303 01:00:05,613 --> 01:00:08,783 has been wrapped up getting this one thing. 1304 01:00:10,618 --> 01:00:12,076 Agnes, as you know, 1305 01:00:12,077 --> 01:00:14,537 somebody who manipulated the system is sort 1306 01:00:14,538 --> 01:00:17,291 of an anti-hero in a lot of ways. 1307 01:00:19,794 --> 01:00:22,796 So I'm okay with the lie. 1308 01:00:22,797 --> 01:00:27,342 You know, I think that we do what we have to do to survive. 1309 01:00:27,343 --> 01:00:29,302 - Do you ever modify your story? 1310 01:00:29,303 --> 01:00:31,387 - I use everything from my past that I can. 1311 01:00:31,388 --> 01:00:32,388 - Everything? 1312 01:00:32,389 --> 01:00:34,182 - I don't change any details. 1313 01:00:34,183 --> 01:00:36,976 - Maybe the response is I don't tell anything 1314 01:00:36,977 --> 01:00:40,063 that might give it away. Like maybe there's like a shorter- 1315 01:00:40,064 --> 01:00:40,898 - I think there's a- 1316 01:00:40,898 --> 01:00:41,816 - It's like a- 1317 01:00:41,817 --> 01:00:44,609 - It's the same thing I do, it's like you share a lot, 1318 01:00:44,610 --> 01:00:48,029 you just omit some things, you know? 1319 01:00:48,030 --> 01:00:49,823 - Do you ever feel like a fraud? 1320 01:00:49,824 --> 01:00:52,575 - Only when I'm dressed like a woman. 1321 01:00:52,576 --> 01:00:55,036 When I get mail delivered to my house in my female name, 1322 01:00:55,037 --> 01:00:57,163 I just say it's for a neighbor. 1323 01:00:57,164 --> 01:00:58,123 - Many white lies. 1324 01:00:58,124 --> 01:00:59,749 - Oh yeah, many. 1325 01:00:59,750 --> 01:01:01,417 - I felt like for so long, 1326 01:01:01,418 --> 01:01:04,838 I felt this need to refer to my own authenticity 1327 01:01:04,839 --> 01:01:06,631 to sort of like cite my own authenticity 1328 01:01:06,632 --> 01:01:09,968 as like the measure of why I needed people to treat me well. 1329 01:01:09,969 --> 01:01:12,095 Like how real of a man I was. 1330 01:01:12,096 --> 01:01:13,388 - And I love what you say, you know, 1331 01:01:13,389 --> 01:01:14,889 I realized looking back that there were things 1332 01:01:14,890 --> 01:01:16,224 that I had to say about myself 1333 01:01:16,225 --> 01:01:17,392 in order for people to respect me. 1334 01:01:17,393 --> 01:01:20,562 What's an example of something like that for you? 1335 01:01:20,563 --> 01:01:25,108 - Saying, like, when you call me 'she' 1336 01:01:25,109 --> 01:01:27,610 it makes me throw up. 1337 01:01:27,611 --> 01:01:31,865 Like I would make up that I had these like physical symptoms 1338 01:01:31,866 --> 01:01:34,701 which in retrospect I actually did, like, 1339 01:01:34,702 --> 01:01:37,787 I was experiencing like full body dissociation and stuff 1340 01:01:37,788 --> 01:01:42,125 but I didn't like, it was like the distress that I felt, 1341 01:01:42,126 --> 01:01:44,794 I felt like I had to legitimize it by being like, 1342 01:01:44,795 --> 01:01:47,547 I'm throwing up or like, I can't sleep. 1343 01:01:47,548 --> 01:01:48,382 Well, I actually couldn't sleep. 1344 01:01:48,383 --> 01:01:52,176 That was true. But just stuff like that. 1345 01:01:52,177 --> 01:01:53,970 I would come up with these weird things 1346 01:01:53,971 --> 01:01:57,682 'cause it was like the lie was better for the, 1347 01:01:57,683 --> 01:02:00,810 like, I thought that the lie would sound more 1348 01:02:00,811 --> 01:02:02,061 like the truth to them. 1349 01:02:02,062 --> 01:02:05,648 - I have a tricky relationship to the truth 1350 01:02:05,649 --> 01:02:08,026 for myself in terms of just the paradox 1351 01:02:08,027 --> 01:02:13,032 of my own body and what society might call a lie, you know, 1352 01:02:13,324 --> 01:02:14,824 or sometimes what I might call a lie 1353 01:02:14,825 --> 01:02:16,200 if I'm just passing 1354 01:02:16,201 --> 01:02:18,536 and that doesn't necessarily represent my existence 1355 01:02:18,537 --> 01:02:19,996 then it's like, yeah, I think the truth is, 1356 01:02:19,997 --> 01:02:22,582 you know, it does start to fall into that construct 1357 01:02:22,583 --> 01:02:26,252 of like who can afford certain truths and who cannot. 1358 01:02:26,253 --> 01:02:29,213 - In Agnes' time, you know, 1359 01:02:29,214 --> 01:02:34,219 trans folks were encouraged to present plausible narratives 1360 01:02:34,386 --> 01:02:37,055 which were made up stories about 1361 01:02:37,056 --> 01:02:39,307 where they came from and who they were. 1362 01:02:39,308 --> 01:02:41,851 So you would say, I came from a farm. 1363 01:02:41,852 --> 01:02:45,521 I was, you know, the prom queen. 1364 01:02:45,522 --> 01:02:49,400 It's like, whatever the story might be, 1365 01:02:49,401 --> 01:02:54,406 that is conflated with the notion 1366 01:02:55,115 --> 01:03:00,120 that trans people are presenting a false persona. 1367 01:03:00,955 --> 01:03:02,997 - I just don't think that's unique to trans people though. 1368 01:03:02,998 --> 01:03:04,082 - Tell me more. 1369 01:03:04,083 --> 01:03:06,918 - Well, people are constantly performing a certain self 1370 01:03:06,919 --> 01:03:09,253 in order, you know, to a certain end. 1371 01:03:09,254 --> 01:03:11,005 That's just what we do. 1372 01:03:11,006 --> 01:03:14,258 I mean, it's another version of code switching. 1373 01:03:14,259 --> 01:03:16,594 It's additionally I think exasperated 1374 01:03:16,595 --> 01:03:20,848 because of the sense of duplicity 1375 01:03:20,849 --> 01:03:24,644 and performance being an aspect of transness itself. 1376 01:03:24,645 --> 01:03:27,146 - To me too it speaks to this management 1377 01:03:27,147 --> 01:03:30,400 of these layers of disclosure where I'll tell one kind 1378 01:03:30,401 --> 01:03:31,859 of story in public and I'll hold 1379 01:03:31,860 --> 01:03:34,988 another story in private because I have a broader agenda. 1380 01:03:34,989 --> 01:03:35,823 - That's right. 1381 01:03:35,824 --> 01:03:37,532 - And I wonder, 1382 01:03:37,533 --> 01:03:39,994 what role does truth play in your agenda? 1383 01:03:41,662 --> 01:03:46,041 - Truth is a, ugh, what do I even say about truth? 1384 01:03:48,502 --> 01:03:50,503 I don't know what the hell truth is. 1385 01:03:50,504 --> 01:03:55,509 I mean, I know some experiences have 1386 01:03:56,093 --> 01:03:59,429 a certain kind of resonance that I might describe 1387 01:03:59,430 --> 01:04:01,640 with a lowercase t, truth, 1388 01:04:02,683 --> 01:04:04,017 I don't know, what do you mean by that? 1389 01:04:04,018 --> 01:04:06,644 Why are you asking that question? 1390 01:04:06,645 --> 01:04:09,523 - Now, I have a very hard question. 1391 01:04:10,649 --> 01:04:11,859 Do you have any regrets? 1392 01:04:14,945 --> 01:04:16,404 - That's your hard question? 1393 01:04:16,405 --> 01:04:18,115 - How do you justify the lies? 1394 01:04:19,116 --> 01:04:20,951 - How do you justify your questions? 1395 01:04:24,580 --> 01:04:29,375 - We've all been misled so many times 1396 01:04:29,376 --> 01:04:32,420 and we can watch it happen in real time. 1397 01:04:32,421 --> 01:04:35,882 Garfinkel is misleading America, right? 1398 01:04:35,883 --> 01:04:38,217 Or Mike Wallace is misleading America. 1399 01:04:38,218 --> 01:04:41,929 Trans people are slyly misleading 1400 01:04:41,930 --> 01:04:45,058 every non-trans person they talk 1401 01:04:45,059 --> 01:04:47,727 to in order to protect themselves, to save themselves. 1402 01:04:47,728 --> 01:04:49,353 Medicine has misled us to believe 1403 01:04:49,354 --> 01:04:53,691 that being trans is some sort of medical condition, 1404 01:04:53,692 --> 01:04:55,568 social science has misled us to believe 1405 01:04:55,569 --> 01:04:59,864 that being trans is to be deviant. But, you know, 1406 01:04:59,865 --> 01:05:01,783 trans people have also misled each other 1407 01:05:01,784 --> 01:05:06,788 and told half-truths and we've tried our best 1408 01:05:06,789 --> 01:05:10,083 in really difficult conditions to find ways 1409 01:05:10,084 --> 01:05:12,043 to talk about ourselves and defend ourselves, 1410 01:05:12,044 --> 01:05:14,587 a lot of which are extremely imperfect. 1411 01:05:14,588 --> 01:05:17,340 - So, you know, obviously, 1412 01:05:17,341 --> 01:05:20,218 I'm sparking wildly with some of the things 1413 01:05:20,219 --> 01:05:22,136 that you're saying and thinking 1414 01:05:22,137 --> 01:05:25,264 so much about documentary as another method 1415 01:05:25,265 --> 01:05:27,183 of authority and as another method 1416 01:05:27,184 --> 01:05:31,270 of excavation and interrogation and thinking 1417 01:05:31,271 --> 01:05:33,481 about my role as a white, 1418 01:05:33,482 --> 01:05:36,275 trans masculine person in collaboration with a, 1419 01:05:36,276 --> 01:05:41,114 you know, institutionally embedded, cis, punk, academic, 1420 01:05:41,115 --> 01:05:44,534 like we didn't rehearse that summary of identity, 1421 01:05:44,535 --> 01:05:45,369 but you know, 1422 01:05:45,370 --> 01:05:48,287 and like what role can collaboration 1423 01:05:48,288 --> 01:05:52,291 and storytelling play in shifting the terms of engagement? 1424 01:05:52,292 --> 01:05:53,584 And I don't know, like, 1425 01:05:53,585 --> 01:05:56,462 I'm not sure that we can shift the terms of engagement. 1426 01:05:56,463 --> 01:05:57,339 I'm really not. 1427 01:05:57,340 --> 01:06:00,341 - That question of, can we move the frame? 1428 01:06:00,342 --> 01:06:01,717 Can we do things differently? 1429 01:06:01,718 --> 01:06:03,970 I don't know. 1430 01:06:03,971 --> 01:06:05,721 All I know is I can't do that by myself 1431 01:06:05,722 --> 01:06:07,557 but with both of you, yeah, 1432 01:06:07,558 --> 01:06:08,475 a little bit more, 1433 01:06:08,476 --> 01:06:11,352 with everyone in this project, a lot more, 1434 01:06:11,353 --> 01:06:14,355 with everyone watching who's going to be, 1435 01:06:14,356 --> 01:06:17,066 I hope changed by what they see. 1436 01:06:17,067 --> 01:06:20,070 That's a lot of people all of a sudden. 1437 01:06:21,572 --> 01:06:23,698 - You have a very interesting story. 1438 01:06:23,699 --> 01:06:25,701 Have you ever considered writing a memoir? 1439 01:06:27,369 --> 01:06:30,872 - Doctor asked me to write my autobiography. 1440 01:06:30,873 --> 01:06:32,498 I thought the only reason 1441 01:06:32,499 --> 01:06:35,251 to do it is if it would help someone. 1442 01:06:35,252 --> 01:06:37,336 - Maybe people with your condition would benefit 1443 01:06:37,337 --> 01:06:38,379 from this program. 1444 01:06:38,380 --> 01:06:41,007 - And that relates to what? 1445 01:06:41,008 --> 01:06:42,008 - One of the other women 1446 01:06:42,009 --> 01:06:43,843 that I've spoken to on this subject, 1447 01:06:43,844 --> 01:06:45,970 there couldn't have been a more lonely person. 1448 01:06:45,971 --> 01:06:48,639 She was very young, very passable 1449 01:06:48,640 --> 01:06:49,974 but she's still faced many 1450 01:06:49,975 --> 01:06:52,519 of the troubles common to people like you. 1451 01:06:53,520 --> 01:06:56,022 - My life isn't troubled. 1452 01:06:56,023 --> 01:06:58,191 There's no reason to be lonely. 1453 01:06:58,192 --> 01:06:59,483 People choose to be. 1454 01:06:59,484 --> 01:07:00,903 We are here. 1455 01:07:02,404 --> 01:07:04,322 - Have I said something wrong? 1456 01:07:04,323 --> 01:07:06,116 - I think you're wrong about a lot of things. 1457 01:07:07,576 --> 01:07:09,493 - Thank you for speaking with me tonight, Denny. 1458 01:07:09,494 --> 01:07:11,913 - I bet I've been some help with your program. 1459 01:07:11,914 --> 01:07:12,997 - We end as we began, 1460 01:07:12,998 --> 01:07:16,042 asking questions that do not yet have answers. 1461 01:07:16,043 --> 01:07:17,376 In the eyes of some, 1462 01:07:17,377 --> 01:07:20,087 these individuals represent new frontiers 1463 01:07:20,088 --> 01:07:21,589 of scientific progress, 1464 01:07:21,590 --> 01:07:22,632 in the eyes of others, 1465 01:07:22,633 --> 01:07:25,426 they pose a threat to the very fabric of American life. 1466 01:07:25,427 --> 01:07:28,346 Whether a sign of innovation or inversion, 1467 01:07:28,347 --> 01:07:30,139 only time will tell. 1468 01:07:30,140 --> 01:07:33,393 From our studios in Los Angeles, goodnight. 1469 01:07:49,284 --> 01:07:51,702 - One of the many lies of visibility is 1470 01:07:51,703 --> 01:07:54,039 that being seen is your emancipation. 1471 01:07:58,794 --> 01:08:02,213 We've almost limited our imagination about 1472 01:08:02,214 --> 01:08:05,342 what a good trans life would be or what freedom means 1473 01:08:08,345 --> 01:08:11,306 and associated it with publicity or visibility. 1474 01:08:13,642 --> 01:08:17,186 And even if that's so obviously not true 1475 01:08:17,187 --> 01:08:21,315 for people whose visibility puts them in danger, 1476 01:08:21,316 --> 01:08:23,276 I don't know why we don't ask more often, 1477 01:08:23,277 --> 01:08:25,153 what would it feel like to be left alone? 1478 01:08:26,113 --> 01:08:28,948 What's the right to be invisible? 1479 01:08:28,949 --> 01:08:31,701 And there are so many forms of invisibility 1480 01:08:31,702 --> 01:08:34,745 that we get to see, even in this archive. 1481 01:08:34,746 --> 01:08:38,332 The doctor, the scientist, the white man, 1482 01:08:38,333 --> 01:08:41,419 the non-trans person who kind of just fades 1483 01:08:41,420 --> 01:08:44,588 into the background because we don't linger on them. 1484 01:08:44,589 --> 01:08:45,840 We take them for granted. 1485 01:08:45,841 --> 01:08:47,591 They make sense in this place. 1486 01:08:47,592 --> 01:08:49,010 So even when they're on screen, 1487 01:08:49,011 --> 01:08:51,305 they're relatively invisible. 1488 01:08:52,514 --> 01:08:53,848 But I think sometimes we might look 1489 01:08:53,849 --> 01:08:56,392 at an archive like this and say, oh, what a shame. 1490 01:08:56,393 --> 01:09:01,398 There's no Mexican Americans and LA was full of them. 1491 01:09:01,440 --> 01:09:04,150 There are no immigrants from Asia, right? 1492 01:09:04,151 --> 01:09:05,818 There aren't that many more young people, 1493 01:09:05,819 --> 01:09:07,278 there aren't any really old people. 1494 01:09:07,279 --> 01:09:08,779 Ah, it's so unrepresentative. 1495 01:09:08,780 --> 01:09:12,492 It's so sad that we didn't get those stories. 1496 01:09:14,036 --> 01:09:15,244 Is it though? 1497 01:09:15,245 --> 01:09:17,455 I mean, I think, and this is kind of challenging 1498 01:09:17,456 --> 01:09:18,290 because it asks you 1499 01:09:18,291 --> 01:09:20,082 to go somewhere where we have no evidence, 1500 01:09:20,083 --> 01:09:24,211 everyone who's not on screen might've been damn happy 1501 01:09:24,212 --> 01:09:26,297 that they weren't because they didn't have 1502 01:09:26,298 --> 01:09:28,049 to be put in these situations that were 1503 01:09:28,050 --> 01:09:30,843 so difficult. And so I think something 1504 01:09:30,844 --> 01:09:34,055 that we overlook when returning to the past and noting, 1505 01:09:34,056 --> 01:09:35,723 oh, it's such a partial account, 1506 01:09:35,724 --> 01:09:37,391 we're missing so many people's lives, 1507 01:09:37,392 --> 01:09:39,272 yeah, it's not because they didn't exist though, 1508 01:09:40,020 --> 01:09:41,562 and what they were doing 1509 01:09:41,563 --> 01:09:45,358 with their lives might have so exceeded our imagination 1510 01:09:45,359 --> 01:09:47,234 that one thing I like 1511 01:09:47,235 --> 01:09:48,915 to think about is they get the last laugh. 1512 01:09:55,202 --> 01:09:56,410 And the fact that we don't know 1513 01:09:56,411 --> 01:09:58,537 who they are says very little 1514 01:09:58,538 --> 01:10:00,415 about them and everything about us. 1515 01:10:28,527 --> 01:10:30,277 And so I think there's something 1516 01:10:30,278 --> 01:10:34,657 that we're searching for here that is bigger than any of us 1517 01:10:34,658 --> 01:10:36,659 because you can't carry those burdens. 1518 01:10:36,660 --> 01:10:39,703 People like Agnes lived impossible lives. 1519 01:10:39,704 --> 01:10:43,124 But they lived impossible lives. 1520 01:10:43,125 --> 01:10:44,959 Agnes did the impossible. 1521 01:10:44,960 --> 01:10:48,671 She outwitted every clinician that she worked with. 1522 01:10:48,672 --> 01:10:49,839 She got what she needed. 1523 01:10:49,840 --> 01:10:54,510 She transitioned and then she comes back and she tells them? 1524 01:10:54,511 --> 01:10:57,179 Okay, we don't get everything that she's done. 1525 01:10:57,180 --> 01:10:58,848 We don't know what her motives were, 1526 01:10:58,849 --> 01:11:01,767 but she made that work. 1527 01:11:01,768 --> 01:11:06,063 And we're still living impossible lives today and so to me, 1528 01:11:06,064 --> 01:11:08,441 even if I don't see myself in Agnes, 1529 01:11:08,442 --> 01:11:11,902 if I don't need Agnes' story to make the things 1530 01:11:11,903 --> 01:11:14,321 that are hard in my life work, I still need her. 1531 01:11:14,322 --> 01:11:16,198 You know, I still need to go there. 1532 01:11:16,199 --> 01:11:17,033 I still need to know 1533 01:11:17,034 --> 01:11:21,163 that her impossibility wasn't the end of the story. 1534 01:11:23,623 --> 01:11:24,707 And that there is something 1535 01:11:24,708 --> 01:11:25,833 within the impossible 1536 01:11:25,834 --> 01:11:29,795 or in between a truth and a lie where life takes place. 1537 01:11:29,796 --> 01:11:33,049 (gentle upbeat music) 114073

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