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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,800 With the financial support of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:06,560 The First Channel 3 00:00:13,199 --> 00:00:19,039 Star Media 4 00:00:21,679 --> 00:00:25,160 Babich-Design 5 00:00:25,640 --> 00:00:27,480 The Russian Society of Military History 6 00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:29,760 present 7 00:00:30,359 --> 00:00:36,519 The Birth of a Nation 8 00:00:48,560 --> 00:00:50,240 How could it happen? 9 00:00:54,320 --> 00:01:01,079 Prince Vladimir of Kiev who has always come as a victor suddenly was defeated. 10 00:01:05,359 --> 00:01:07,519 He had achieved whatever he wanted. 11 00:01:08,920 --> 00:01:10,320 Now he has lost everything. 12 00:01:11,319 --> 00:01:16,199 He took ancient Kherson, an invincible Greek fortress, 13 00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:19,000 and suddenly became blind. 14 00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:35,320 The Stone City by the Warm Sea had his revenge upon his conqueror. 15 00:01:35,959 --> 00:01:38,199 Vladimir recalled – the Greeks, 16 00:01:38,400 --> 00:01:41,880 when they want to disempower someone, blind him. 17 00:01:43,760 --> 00:01:48,880 But who decided to stop the one who couldn't be stopped? 18 00:01:49,439 --> 00:01:52,679 Stupid Kherson's sorcerers weak as women? 19 00:01:56,439 --> 00:02:02,200 Or maybe the Greek God depicted on the cold wall? 20 00:02:30,199 --> 00:02:36,519 It was only one thing left to do - return to the depths of the ages to see 21 00:02:36,560 --> 00:02:38,319 the distant light of hope. 22 00:02:38,439 --> 00:02:41,800 FILM TWO "THE LIGHTNING" 23 00:02:46,879 --> 00:02:51,919 Once the young prince Igor could not cross the river, so he called a boatman 24 00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:53,840 and ordered to carry him to the other side. 25 00:02:54,080 --> 00:02:57,880 Once in the boat, the prince suddenly realized 26 00:02:58,080 --> 00:03:02,240 that his carrier was a young and beautiful girl. 27 00:03:02,439 --> 00:03:04,280 He felt lust. 28 00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:07,240 And he began to speak in a shameless manner. 29 00:03:07,840 --> 00:03:08,840 But the girl said firmly, 30 00:03:09,159 --> 00:03:13,359 why are you shaming yourself, prince, calling me to shameless actions? 31 00:03:14,080 --> 00:03:18,960 It is better for me to jump into the river, 32 00:03:19,159 --> 00:03:23,680 than endure shame and you won’t commit a sin because of me. 33 00:03:24,439 --> 00:03:30,639 Igor astonished and embarrassed by her words remained silent for the rest of the journey. 34 00:03:40,280 --> 00:03:42,960 Igor, the son of Rurik, was proclaimed a Prince of Rus’ 35 00:03:43,080 --> 00:03:45,560 when he was only one year old. 36 00:03:46,439 --> 00:03:49,599 While he was growing up, commander of the army Oleg ruled the state. 37 00:03:50,360 --> 00:03:54,440 Igor became a man but was still following Oleg everywhere on marches 38 00:03:54,719 --> 00:03:58,400 from the Drevlians' forests to the Greek sea and obeying him in everything. 39 00:04:00,439 --> 00:04:06,240 The warriors were laughing and calling him Igor the Old Prince. 40 00:04:07,000 --> 00:04:12,919 He was over 30 but remained no more than shadow of the great Oleg the Oracular. 41 00:04:13,560 --> 00:04:16,759 Not a single decision Igor had made by himself. 42 00:04:17,800 --> 00:04:21,439 Even his wife was chosen for him by Oleg, called Oracular for a reason. 43 00:04:23,199 --> 00:04:28,800 Igor reached the full age and had to become a sovereign in Kiev. 44 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:31,480 Any Prince needs to have a Princess. 45 00:04:32,279 --> 00:04:34,759 Girls from all over the Russian lands were invited to Kiev. 46 00:04:34,839 --> 00:04:40,719 Oleg said - the one who will bring a gift, 47 00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:43,319 but will come without presents will be the bride. 48 00:04:44,560 --> 00:04:47,192 But Igor was thinking about that girl. 49 00:04:47,291 --> 00:04:49,399 He didn't even know her name. 50 00:04:51,000 --> 00:04:57,560 There were many girls: stately Slavs, pretty Varangians, strict and giggly, 51 00:04:57,879 --> 00:05:03,600 with braids like silver, like tar, like rye, like autumn leaves. 52 00:05:03,959 --> 00:05:06,319 No one solved Oleg's riddle. 53 00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:10,640 In the evening one more girl from Pskov was brought, 54 00:05:10,759 --> 00:05:14,560 she was not smiling or playing with her braid shyly. 55 00:05:14,680 --> 00:05:17,120 Her hands were put together in front of her. 56 00:05:17,319 --> 00:05:19,599 She came closer and said: 57 00:05:20,279 --> 00:05:22,919 Here is my gift for you, Prince. 58 00:05:23,079 --> 00:05:25,240 She opened her hands 59 00:05:25,680 --> 00:05:32,079 and a small bird flew away into the skies. 60 00:05:33,839 --> 00:05:35,560 It was that girl. 61 00:05:38,120 --> 00:05:41,480 Igor looked silently into her eyes and couldn't get enough of that look. 62 00:05:43,680 --> 00:05:48,319 At last, he pronounced hoarsely, "What is your name? 63 00:05:49,240 --> 00:05:51,800 'Olga replied the girl." 64 00:05:57,399 --> 00:06:01,359 Now he, Igor Rurikovich, has to rule the huge state 65 00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:05,280 which was totally under the control of power and glory of Oleg the Oracular. 66 00:06:06,639 --> 00:06:11,680 Now Oleg is gone, his power turned to dust 67 00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:14,360 and his glory remains only in songs. 68 00:06:15,079 --> 00:06:18,800 Khazars can't wait to take their lands back. 69 00:06:19,560 --> 00:06:22,079 Riots have started in the Slavic tribes. 70 00:06:22,720 --> 00:06:29,320 The funeral ceremony wasn't even over when the conquered Drevlians revolted. 71 00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:36,185 Should Igor wait for a while and entire Rus' will fall apart 72 00:06:36,386 --> 00:06:40,200 in a few years like an old patch cover. 73 00:06:41,399 --> 00:06:44,879 IGOR 74 00:06:46,560 --> 00:06:49,199 For the first time he led the military campaign. 75 00:06:49,959 --> 00:06:55,319 For the first time he commanded the warriors who used to laugh behind his back and 76 00:06:55,399 --> 00:06:58,759 now obeyed him in everything. 77 00:07:00,040 --> 00:07:02,920 The Prince has to be generous and after the campaign 78 00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:05,560 his warriors received a great booty 79 00:07:05,800 --> 00:07:10,800 from what was robbed from the Drevlians. 80 00:07:15,319 --> 00:07:21,879 The Drevlians’ Prince Mal who hardly escaped Igor's Varangians, was obedient and quiet, 81 00:07:22,519 --> 00:07:26,759 didn't raise his eyes, so that Igor couldn't see hatred in them. 82 00:07:28,240 --> 00:07:32,319 The time will come and Mal will take his revenge. 83 00:07:36,839 --> 00:07:38,679 The long bleak years started, warriors were bored 84 00:07:38,959 --> 00:07:41,639 no wars, no campaigns, no rich trophies. 85 00:07:42,240 --> 00:07:44,840 Only routine and short-distance marches. 86 00:07:46,199 --> 00:07:48,159 The warriors were complaining saying 87 00:07:48,439 --> 00:07:53,319 that The old Prince was not capable of the great deeds. 88 00:07:54,199 --> 00:07:58,279 And if the Prince is not a fighter and the Princess is not fruitful - 89 00:07:58,639 --> 00:08:00,519 then why do we need them? 90 00:08:02,639 --> 00:08:05,159 Igor knew everything about the rumors. 91 00:08:06,319 --> 00:08:11,680 They have lived in harmony for many years with Olga, but they didn't have children. 92 00:08:12,800 --> 00:08:14,720 The hope faded with every year. 93 00:08:15,879 --> 00:08:19,159 Childlessness is a great misfortune and a curse for any man. 94 00:08:19,920 --> 00:08:22,879 The great misfortune for any Prince is to be denied by his army. 95 00:08:24,040 --> 00:08:25,417 The warriors need trophies, 96 00:08:25,617 --> 00:08:28,778 need military campaigns and if their Prince can't provide it - 97 00:08:28,978 --> 00:08:31,480 they have a right to leave for another prince. 98 00:08:46,080 --> 00:08:49,560 Years passed and Kiev started to look like a sleeping kingdom. 99 00:08:50,639 --> 00:08:56,600 The merchants’ ships rarely passed by, Tsar'grad was breaching the agreement 100 00:08:56,759 --> 00:08:59,919 that was forcibly signed by Oleg. 101 00:09:03,120 --> 00:09:04,799 The decision had to be made. 102 00:09:05,480 --> 00:09:08,519 Another Tsar'grad campaign was necessary, following Oleg’s example. 103 00:09:09,000 --> 00:09:13,080 Rus' needed glory, warriors - trophies, and gods – blood. 104 00:09:16,720 --> 00:09:21,560 Igor hoped that if he wins mercy of Gods, they would give him a son. 105 00:09:24,679 --> 00:09:26,313 After the long preparation, 106 00:09:26,514 --> 00:09:29,720 the huge retinue hit the familiar route to Tsar'grad. 107 00:09:30,440 --> 00:09:31,902 The march was slow, 108 00:09:32,101 --> 00:09:36,639 half of army was riding horses and moved along river banks. 109 00:09:37,600 --> 00:09:39,593 The Bulgarians, Byzantium’s allies, 110 00:09:39,793 --> 00:09:42,639 informed Emperor Roman about the Russian campaign. 111 00:09:44,159 --> 00:09:46,919 Constantinople was getting ready for the siege. 112 00:09:47,440 --> 00:09:49,800 As in the past, there was no protection from sea, 113 00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:52,120 the Greek fleet was at war with the Arabs. 114 00:09:52,840 --> 00:09:58,200 The city hardly found 15 old carriers, small transport ships. 115 00:09:58,600 --> 00:10:01,080 But the city had enough time to get ready. 116 00:10:01,679 --> 00:10:04,359 The wildfire awaited the Russian ships. 117 00:10:06,240 --> 00:10:08,994 "The wildfire" is the liquid flame 118 00:10:09,193 --> 00:10:13,000 that Greek sailors used to fill the enemy ships 119 00:10:13,080 --> 00:10:16,240 with using the brass pipe pumps - "siphons". 120 00:10:16,679 --> 00:10:21,679 It was invented in 673 by an engineer called Callinik. 121 00:10:22,360 --> 00:10:24,898 The main components of the wildfire 122 00:10:25,097 --> 00:10:28,359 were burnt lime, sulfur, nitre and crude oil. 123 00:10:28,639 --> 00:10:33,279 Contact with water intensified the burning of the mixture. 124 00:10:33,639 --> 00:10:36,919 The hitting range of the siphons was short 125 00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:42,200 therefore the ships had to come as close to the enemies as possible. 126 00:10:44,279 --> 00:10:47,519 Emperor Roman ordered his shipbuilders, 127 00:10:47,879 --> 00:10:54,200 "Rig the boats we have left, but place the siphons 128 00:10:54,279 --> 00:10:59,319 'not only on the bow but also on the sterns and along the board sides." 129 00:11:01,799 --> 00:11:04,759 And they started to throw the fire. 130 00:11:05,120 --> 00:11:08,725 Russes were jumping overboard preferring to drown, 131 00:11:08,924 --> 00:11:11,279 rather than to be burned alive. 132 00:11:11,559 --> 00:11:18,039 Some, in the heavy armor went straight to the bottom of the sea, 133 00:11:18,159 --> 00:11:22,120 others, though swimming, were all on fire. 134 00:11:22,960 --> 00:11:29,360 When the Russes came back home, they described the wildfire. 135 00:11:29,840 --> 00:11:34,280 As if the Greeks had control over lightning, 136 00:11:34,440 --> 00:11:40,240 they burned us with it, that is why we didn't win. 137 00:11:45,639 --> 00:11:50,039 It was a catastrophe. Only one-tenth of the army survived. 138 00:11:50,919 --> 00:11:54,439 Igor miraculously returned from the Bosporus hell. 139 00:11:55,360 --> 00:11:59,800 No one planned the retreat and on the way home 140 00:11:59,919 --> 00:12:02,279 half of the remaining army was killed by dysentery. 141 00:12:02,960 --> 00:12:05,920 It was a shameful return for Igor. 142 00:12:12,279 --> 00:12:16,199 But horror, pain and shame were not in vain. 143 00:12:17,279 --> 00:12:22,360 Gods were merciful to Igor and a son was born. 144 00:12:25,039 --> 00:12:29,000 He was called after the great Princes Oleg and Rurik, 145 00:12:29,519 --> 00:12:35,039 using the Slavic meanings of their names holy and glorious - Svyatoslav. 146 00:12:35,879 --> 00:12:40,840 Without doubts - he was meantto become great warrior and prince. 147 00:12:41,000 --> 00:12:43,200 But how was he supposed to remember his father? 148 00:12:44,080 --> 00:12:50,680 An old man disgraced by the Constantinople campaign? 149 00:12:51,960 --> 00:12:53,459 No. Igor felt strong enough 150 00:12:53,658 --> 00:12:56,600 to conquer not only the Greeks, but the entire world. 151 00:12:57,600 --> 00:13:01,040 He started to assemble the new retinue for a new campaign. 152 00:13:01,519 --> 00:13:04,960 He hired the new experienced warriors from beyond the sea – Varangians, 153 00:13:05,159 --> 00:13:08,959 famous for their ruthlessness and skill, and the new warriors, 154 00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:14,120 which have never been on campaigns with the Russes, the Petchenegs. 155 00:13:14,679 --> 00:13:18,399 The Greeks called them "panachikity", the Arabs - "bedjnak". 156 00:13:18,679 --> 00:13:22,639 "The Russian name for them is Petchenegs, that comes from "betchenegs" 157 00:13:22,720 --> 00:13:25,708 "the descendants of Betche" - the Turkic speaking nomad tribes, 158 00:13:25,908 --> 00:13:29,120 who by the beginning of the 9th century had moved 159 00:13:29,321 --> 00:13:32,600 from central Asia to the East European Plain. 160 00:13:32,919 --> 00:13:36,360 They were great horseback riders and archers. 161 00:13:36,600 --> 00:13:39,240 They rode, squeezing the horse with their legs, 162 00:13:39,320 --> 00:13:43,920 without using their hands and keeping them free for the arches. 163 00:13:44,120 --> 00:13:47,120 They came from nowhere, 164 00:13:47,320 --> 00:13:51,160 robbed everyone on their way and disappeared. 165 00:13:51,720 --> 00:13:54,413 They were almost untraceable and difficult to catch, 166 00:13:54,511 --> 00:13:56,530 because of their migrations. 167 00:13:56,730 --> 00:14:00,399 By the 10th century the Petchenegs reached 168 00:14:00,480 --> 00:14:04,000 Don, Dnieper, Danube and the Black Sea. 169 00:14:04,720 --> 00:14:07,560 Byzantine towns of the Northern Black Sea region 170 00:14:07,679 --> 00:14:10,959 knew about the cruelty of the Petchenegs. 171 00:14:11,639 --> 00:14:18,600 When the leader of Kherson found out that Igor was planning to attack Tsar'grad 172 00:14:18,879 --> 00:14:21,240 and had the Petchenegs in his army 173 00:14:21,440 --> 00:14:24,200 he sent a letter full of panic to Constantinople. 174 00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:28,120 This time the Emperor Roman decided not to push luck 175 00:14:28,320 --> 00:14:30,760 and not to wait until the barbarians reach the city walls. 176 00:14:32,320 --> 00:14:35,520 "When the Emperor heard this news, he sent to Igor' his best boyars to entreat" 177 00:14:35,639 --> 00:14:40,000 him to come no nearer, but rather to accept the tribute which Oleg had received, 178 00:14:40,120 --> 00:14:42,639 and to the amount of which something should even be added. 179 00:14:42,720 --> 00:14:46,120 Igor called together his retinue and they replied, 180 00:14:46,440 --> 00:14:48,400 If the Emperor speaks thus, 181 00:14:48,559 --> 00:14:51,799 what do we desire beyond receiving gold, silver, 182 00:14:51,919 --> 00:14:54,159 and palls without having to fight for them? 183 00:14:54,399 --> 00:14:58,279 Who knows who will be victorious, we or he? 184 00:14:58,639 --> 00:15:00,759 Who has the sea for his ally? 185 00:15:00,960 --> 00:15:04,280 For we are not marching by land, but through the depths of the sea. 186 00:15:05,440 --> 00:15:07,400 Death lies in wait for us all. 187 00:15:10,240 --> 00:15:13,279 The retinue did not believe in military luck of their Prince anymore. 188 00:15:13,919 --> 00:15:18,719 And the Greek presents left next to their camp looked tempting. 189 00:15:19,600 --> 00:15:22,240 The Prince agreed with his warriors 190 00:15:22,559 --> 00:15:25,199 and decided to sign the peace treaty with the Greeks. 191 00:15:25,519 --> 00:15:27,480 He gave all the presents to his retinue 192 00:15:27,679 --> 00:15:30,559 and let the Petchenegs to leave for the Bulgarian lands. 193 00:15:30,960 --> 00:15:36,400 Igor came back home to his wife and son as a winner. 194 00:15:38,240 --> 00:15:42,600 The autumn was coming and Igor as always went to the vassal tribes 195 00:15:42,799 --> 00:15:45,079 in order to collect the tributes. 196 00:15:45,600 --> 00:15:47,759 The senior retinue was escorting him. 197 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:51,279 The junior retinue was headed by commander of the army Sveneld. 198 00:15:52,320 --> 00:15:55,800 The last tribe on their way was the tribe of the Drevlians. 199 00:15:56,159 --> 00:15:59,719 These lands were conquered 30 years ago, 200 00:15:59,919 --> 00:16:02,406 that war was well remembered 201 00:16:02,606 --> 00:16:06,959 and the retinue behaved in the most ruthless way. 202 00:16:07,159 --> 00:16:12,079 At the end of the march Igor's warriors were still not pleased with the results. 203 00:16:13,360 --> 00:16:15,399 Igor's retinue said to him, 204 00:16:15,799 --> 00:16:18,092 "The servants of Sveinald are adorned 205 00:16:18,293 --> 00:16:20,639 'with weapons and fine raiment, but we are naked. 206 00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:24,879 'Go forth with us, oh Prince, after tribute, that both you and we may profit thereby." 207 00:16:25,440 --> 00:16:30,400 Igor heeded their words, and he returned with a small part of his retinue 208 00:16:30,600 --> 00:16:32,120 to take more tribute. 209 00:16:33,279 --> 00:16:36,000 The Drevlians heard that he was again approaching, 210 00:16:36,200 --> 00:16:38,960 and consulted with Mal, their prince, saying, 211 00:16:39,200 --> 00:16:43,520 "If a wolf come among the sheep, he will take out the whole flock one by one, 212 00:16:43,679 --> 00:16:45,279 'unless he be killed. 213 00:16:45,440 --> 00:16:49,760 'If we do not thus kill him now, he will destroy us all." 214 00:16:50,679 --> 00:16:55,959 The Drevlians came forth from the city of Iskorosten' and slew Igor. 215 00:16:56,799 --> 00:17:03,000 They captured him, bent to the trees and tore in two. 216 00:17:06,480 --> 00:17:08,759 The Drevlians sent their legates to Kiev. 217 00:17:09,200 --> 00:17:11,920 The offer seemed to be a mockery. 218 00:17:12,440 --> 00:17:18,960 After murdering Igor’ they wanted to take the widowed Olga as a wife for their Mal. 219 00:17:19,559 --> 00:17:23,000 It was hardly an offer - it was a demand. 220 00:17:23,599 --> 00:17:26,359 Since Mal won and slaughtered Igor - 221 00:17:26,519 --> 00:17:29,519 everything that belonged to him, including his wife and children, 222 00:17:29,799 --> 00:17:33,079 could be taken by Mal. 223 00:17:34,039 --> 00:17:36,960 It was the tradition; it had been like that for ages. 224 00:17:37,920 --> 00:17:44,160 When 20 best Drevlians men came to Kiev to ask Olga marry Mal, 225 00:17:44,319 --> 00:17:47,799 the retinue was ready to fight for her if she wished to. 226 00:17:48,839 --> 00:17:55,559 But Olga only asked to dig a deep trench in her yard. 227 00:18:07,039 --> 00:18:10,960 Long time ago, after solving a riddle she became the Prince's wife. 228 00:18:12,119 --> 00:18:17,959 Now it is her turn to ask riddles. 229 00:18:20,319 --> 00:18:24,119 OLGA 230 00:18:24,880 --> 00:18:26,294 Olga made this reply, 231 00:18:27,174 --> 00:18:30,599 "I desire to honor you tomorrow in the presence of my people. 232 00:18:31,039 --> 00:18:34,480 'Return now to your boat, and remain there. 233 00:18:34,640 --> 00:18:37,440 'I shall send for you on the morrow, and you shall say, 234 00:18:37,480 --> 00:18:42,360 'We will not ride on horses nor go on foot; carry us in our boat. 235 00:18:42,799 --> 00:18:44,879 'And you shall be carried in your boat." 236 00:18:45,720 --> 00:18:48,246 According to Varangian tradition, 237 00:18:48,445 --> 00:18:52,119 the man lied down in a boat only at his funeral. 238 00:18:53,119 --> 00:18:56,039 But the Drevlians’ legates didn’t know this. 239 00:18:56,599 --> 00:19:02,639 "So they carried Drevlians in their boat dropped them into trench along with boat. 240 00:19:02,880 --> 00:19:07,640 'Olga bent over and inquired whether they found the honor to their taste. 241 00:19:07,920 --> 00:19:11,160 'They answered that it was worse than the death of Igor'. 242 00:19:11,480 --> 00:19:15,095 'She then commanded that they should be buried alive, 243 00:19:15,295 --> 00:19:17,000 'and they were thus buried." 244 00:19:20,359 --> 00:19:25,159 The moans of those buried alive could be heard in the yard for some time. 245 00:19:26,240 --> 00:19:30,000 Olga then sent a message to the Drevlians saying that, 246 00:19:30,200 --> 00:19:32,759 "if they really required her presence, 247 00:19:32,880 --> 00:19:35,240 'they should send after her their distinguished men, 248 00:19:35,440 --> 00:19:37,960 'so that she might go to their Prince with due honor, 249 00:19:38,359 --> 00:19:41,199 'for otherwise her people in Kiev would not let her go." 250 00:19:42,839 --> 00:19:47,159 When the Derevlians arrived, Olga commanded that a bath should be made ready, 251 00:19:47,240 --> 00:19:50,839 and invited them to appear before her after they had bathed. 252 00:19:51,119 --> 00:19:55,119 The bathhouse was then heated, and the Drevlians entered in to bathe. 253 00:19:55,160 --> 00:19:57,560 Olga's men closed up the bathhouse behind them, 254 00:19:57,759 --> 00:20:00,559 and she gave orders to set it on fire from the doors, 255 00:20:01,200 --> 00:20:03,080 so that the Drevlians were all burned to death. 256 00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:08,200 The soot was still in the air, 257 00:20:08,440 --> 00:20:11,200 when Olga told the warriors to get ready for a campaign. 258 00:20:11,720 --> 00:20:13,640 Olga then sent to the Drevlians the following message, 259 00:20:14,079 --> 00:20:15,162 "I am now coming to you, 260 00:20:15,362 --> 00:20:17,480 'so prepare great quantities of mead in the city 261 00:20:17,680 --> 00:20:19,039 'where you killed my husband, 262 00:20:19,519 --> 00:20:21,839 'that I may weep over his grave and hold a funeral feast for him." 263 00:20:22,279 --> 00:20:28,559 Funeral feasts assumed sacrifice of the animals, 264 00:20:28,759 --> 00:20:35,279 but Olga intended to use the Derevlians instead. 265 00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:41,440 "When the Drevlians were drunk, she bade her followers fall upon them. 266 00:20:41,680 --> 00:20:44,080 'So they cut down five thousand of them; 267 00:20:44,200 --> 00:20:45,746 'but Olga returned to Kiev 268 00:20:45,945 --> 00:20:48,679 'and prepared an army to attack the survivors." 269 00:20:50,160 --> 00:20:53,040 Svyatoslav became a Prince after Igor's death. 270 00:20:53,839 --> 00:20:57,959 According to the tradition the Prince had to start fight by throwing the spear. 271 00:20:58,279 --> 00:21:01,579 But Sviatoslav was younger than three. 272 00:21:01,944 --> 00:21:03,960 His father didn’t teach him to ride a horse. 273 00:21:04,640 --> 00:21:06,680 The voivode brought him the horse. 274 00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:08,680 His mother put armor on him. 275 00:21:09,160 --> 00:21:12,480 Little Sviatoslav was too weak to hold the heavy spear. 276 00:21:12,640 --> 00:21:15,680 So he dropped it, and the spear fell in front of his horse. 277 00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:17,839 But he kept the tradition. 278 00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:19,599 And voivode roared, 279 00:21:19,960 --> 00:21:24,039 "The prince has already begun battle; press on, vassals, after the prince." 280 00:21:25,440 --> 00:21:26,799 The battle was short, 281 00:21:27,079 --> 00:21:30,679 because the Drevlians fled, and shut themselves up in their cities. 282 00:21:36,640 --> 00:21:38,682 By the end of summer Olga 283 00:21:38,882 --> 00:21:42,640 was unsuccessfully trying to take Iskorosten’. 284 00:21:43,440 --> 00:21:46,240 The Derevlians were desperately defending the city. 285 00:21:47,279 --> 00:21:48,759 The rains were about to start. 286 00:21:49,279 --> 00:21:50,519 They had to leave. 287 00:21:52,519 --> 00:21:54,559 But she couldn't leave without victory. 288 00:21:55,519 --> 00:21:59,599 On the last night of summer, when lightning frequently lit up the sky 289 00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:03,960 so-called sparrow night, she devised a plan. 290 00:22:14,559 --> 00:22:15,909 Olga promised to stop the siege 291 00:22:16,109 --> 00:22:18,199 after receiving a small tribute of three pigeons 292 00:22:18,440 --> 00:22:20,360 and three sparrows from each house. 293 00:22:21,160 --> 00:22:26,440 The Drevlian land will remember this tribute for a long time, forever. 294 00:22:27,359 --> 00:22:31,399 Now Olga gave to each soldier in her army a pigeon or a sparrow, 295 00:22:31,559 --> 00:22:33,279 and ordered them to attach by a thread to each pigeon 296 00:22:33,400 --> 00:22:34,920 and sparrow a piece of sulphur bound with small pieces of cloth. 297 00:22:34,960 --> 00:22:40,000 When night fell, Olga bade her soldiers release the pigeons and the sparrows. 298 00:22:40,119 --> 00:22:42,359 So the birds flew to their nests, 299 00:22:42,559 --> 00:22:45,679 the pigeons to the cotes, and the sparrows under the eaves. 300 00:22:45,880 --> 00:22:50,960 Thus the dove-cotes, the coops, the porches, and the haymows were set on fire. 301 00:22:51,119 --> 00:22:53,399 There was not a house that was not consumed, 302 00:22:53,519 --> 00:22:56,000 and it was impossible to extinguish the flames, 303 00:22:56,200 --> 00:22:58,519 because all the houses caught fire at once. 304 00:23:08,559 --> 00:23:11,119 Iskorosten' was never restored. 305 00:23:12,400 --> 00:23:18,840 Kiev became the only capital of the united lands of the Slavs. 306 00:23:26,839 --> 00:23:31,480 Olga together with the retinue went to Novgorod, 307 00:23:32,799 --> 00:23:39,200 counting villages and cities, checking the harrisons, 308 00:23:39,559 --> 00:23:43,079 and establishing new laws and tributes on the lands she passed. 309 00:23:44,160 --> 00:23:47,560 Olga separated lands on districts pogosts, established trading posts 310 00:23:47,640 --> 00:23:51,759 and fixed the amounts of tributes. 311 00:23:52,039 --> 00:23:56,159 Pogosts received their name from the inns "pogostyes", 312 00:23:56,319 --> 00:23:58,359 where the Prince and his retinue came to stay, 313 00:23:58,480 --> 00:24:01,279 and where the tributes had to be taken. 314 00:24:01,599 --> 00:24:06,039 It was the first executive tax reform in the Russian history. 315 00:24:06,319 --> 00:24:08,519 The tax-districts, as Olga established them, 316 00:24:08,599 --> 00:24:14,039 existed for 800 years and were cancelled in 1775. 317 00:24:14,359 --> 00:24:16,719 The term "trading posts" pogosts was used for a long time 318 00:24:16,839 --> 00:24:19,759 to describe a big village with a church and a cemetery. 319 00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:27,932 Revenge was in Olga's heart. 320 00:24:29,101 --> 00:24:30,960 But there was no one left to exact it on. 321 00:24:32,240 --> 00:24:35,319 The servants were terribly scared of her, 322 00:24:36,240 --> 00:24:40,839 the old experienced warriors lowered their eyes in her presence. 323 00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:45,240 She was traveling around her lands, inspecting cities, 324 00:24:45,359 --> 00:24:52,119 she gave orders, judged, punished and traveled again. 325 00:24:53,440 --> 00:24:55,440 She spent days in a saddle. 326 00:24:57,319 --> 00:25:01,519 The physical pain calmed down the fire inside her. 327 00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:29,799 She had never seen people like that before. 328 00:25:31,799 --> 00:25:34,399 In the eyes of this stranger dressed in black 329 00:25:36,000 --> 00:25:41,400 there was no fear, no pity, no servility. 330 00:25:43,559 --> 00:25:47,639 There was something else which she couldn't understand. 331 00:25:49,240 --> 00:25:53,599 It felt as if she looked at some other world without pain, 332 00:25:53,799 --> 00:25:57,720 without hatred and even without death. 333 00:26:01,440 --> 00:26:07,120 She started to visit the Greek courtyard by the church of St. Ilya from time to time. 334 00:26:07,559 --> 00:26:13,879 Presbyteral elder George was from Bulgaria, he spoke quite fluent Slavic. 335 00:26:14,519 --> 00:26:19,960 Sometimes he opened a book that was translated from the Greek 336 00:26:20,039 --> 00:26:21,399 by the monk Kirill. 337 00:26:21,880 --> 00:26:23,320 And he read. 338 00:26:24,559 --> 00:26:26,599 "You have heard that it was said, 339 00:26:26,880 --> 00:26:30,240 'You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy. 340 00:26:30,599 --> 00:26:36,519 'But I say to you, love your enemies, bless the ones who curse you, 341 00:26:36,680 --> 00:26:43,039 'be kind to those who hate you, and pray for those who hurt you and persecute you." 342 00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:49,240 Wild, mad and impossible words. 343 00:26:49,680 --> 00:26:51,759 All her essence was repelling. 344 00:26:52,160 --> 00:26:55,759 She could not understand what kind of God allowed to crucify himself 345 00:26:55,960 --> 00:26:58,920 and instead of punishing his executors prayed for them? 346 00:26:59,279 --> 00:27:01,452 How could God die? 347 00:27:02,769 --> 00:27:06,240 "God can do anything", George replied. 348 00:27:07,279 --> 00:27:09,359 There was a strange pain in her chest 349 00:27:09,440 --> 00:27:14,120 as if her heart buried in ashes was coming back to life. 350 00:27:14,799 --> 00:27:18,519 The priest never asked her for anything, 351 00:27:18,880 --> 00:27:25,720 but he had all the answers – sometimes he answered her before she asked. 352 00:27:27,680 --> 00:27:33,480 "Lord, if my brother sins against me, how often must I forgive him? 353 00:27:33,720 --> 00:27:37,200 'As many as seven times?" Jesus answered, 354 00:27:37,359 --> 00:27:41,639 "I say to you, not seven times but seventy-seven times." 355 00:27:43,240 --> 00:27:46,640 Years passed, she was getting old. 356 00:27:47,480 --> 00:27:53,079 Svyatoslav grew up and Olga worried seeing that being a ruler bores him. 357 00:27:53,559 --> 00:27:57,359 He liked weapons, horses, armor, fights. 358 00:27:57,960 --> 00:28:02,799 The Prince has to be a ruler and only after that a warrior. 359 00:28:03,440 --> 00:28:06,880 Olga knew what happens when the retinue has a big influence. 360 00:28:07,440 --> 00:28:12,720 A few more years and Svyatoslav will become a sovereign and what is next? 361 00:28:13,119 --> 00:28:16,439 Endless campaigns will weaken the state. 362 00:28:17,000 --> 00:28:19,680 Olga was analyzing other countries’ history. 363 00:28:20,160 --> 00:28:23,040 What is holding the Roman Empire together? 364 00:28:23,319 --> 00:28:29,359 Why is this huge country not falling apart? 365 00:28:30,200 --> 00:28:34,039 George had an answer for that as well. 366 00:28:35,279 --> 00:28:39,079 Jesus answered them: "I am the bread of life. 367 00:28:39,200 --> 00:28:41,759 'No one who comes to me will ever hunger;" 368 00:28:41,880 --> 00:28:45,240 'no one who believes in me will ever thirst. 369 00:28:45,519 --> 00:28:48,160 'I shall raise that person up on the last day." 370 00:28:50,400 --> 00:28:52,600 The Prince's fleet was following the habitual route 371 00:28:52,680 --> 00:28:54,240 "from the Varangians to the Greeks". 372 00:28:54,599 --> 00:28:59,879 Only a few ships and warriors, to defend against attack. 373 00:29:00,720 --> 00:29:05,039 It was not a military campaign, Olga was not interested in booty. 374 00:29:06,000 --> 00:29:12,359 She was heading to the heart of Empire to obtain the source of its life. 375 00:29:13,799 --> 00:29:16,879 The warriors were worried, but no one dared to ask the princess 376 00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:19,359 about the aim of the trip. 377 00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:26,759 She never spoke to anyone apart from a strange man dressed in black – 378 00:29:27,519 --> 00:29:31,000 Presbyteral elder George from the Greek "courtyard." 379 00:29:33,319 --> 00:29:35,002 For the first time in history 380 00:29:35,202 --> 00:29:38,279 the leader of Rus' came to Constantinople with peace. 381 00:29:39,240 --> 00:29:43,920 The Greeks thought that Olga wanted to reconsider conditions of the agreement 382 00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:46,079 signed by Igor. 383 00:29:46,519 --> 00:29:52,039 Her ships were kept next to the"Golden Horn" creek for a while. 384 00:29:52,839 --> 00:29:56,240 The reception was organized on a highest possible level. 385 00:29:56,880 --> 00:30:00,360 It took place in Magnaura - the ceremony hall 386 00:30:00,440 --> 00:30:07,240 for the most important foreign leaders. 387 00:30:09,599 --> 00:30:13,799 After the reception to Olga's companions’ astonishment it was announced 388 00:30:13,880 --> 00:30:18,920 that on the eve of Elevation of the Life-Creating Cross holiday 389 00:30:19,079 --> 00:30:24,519 in St. Sophia's Cathedral the princess of the Rus' will be baptized 390 00:30:24,599 --> 00:30:28,199 by the patriarch of Constantinople and according to her own will. 391 00:30:29,119 --> 00:30:33,799 After the ceremony she will bear the Christian name - Helena. 392 00:30:36,559 --> 00:30:42,599 Olga, was absorbing the glory 393 00:30:43,519 --> 00:30:49,639 of the holy books as a sponge absorbs dew. 394 00:30:50,240 --> 00:30:52,839 She was crying the tears of happiness, 395 00:30:52,880 --> 00:30:59,440 her tears fell to the ground and she knelt before patriarch 396 00:30:59,599 --> 00:31:06,599 and said, "May your healing advice 397 00:31:06,799 --> 00:31:13,359 'save me from the devil's deeds 398 00:31:13,759 --> 00:31:18,119 'and may the God's mercy never leave me." 399 00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:28,839 Do you deny the devil and all his deed and services and pride? 400 00:31:28,960 --> 00:31:32,319 I do - Do you accept Christ? 401 00:31:32,400 --> 00:31:34,920 I do - Do you trust in him? 402 00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:41,279 I do as in Tsar and Lord – Servant of God Helena, in nomine Patris. 403 00:31:41,440 --> 00:31:44,360 Amen...et Filii...Amen...et Spiritus Sancti. 404 00:31:44,519 --> 00:31:48,599 Amen... always, now and forever. Amen 405 00:31:56,359 --> 00:32:01,279 Before leaving home she went to Patriarch to request his benediction 406 00:32:01,319 --> 00:32:03,639 for the homeward journey, and said to him, 407 00:32:03,720 --> 00:32:06,160 "My people and my son are heathen. 408 00:32:06,319 --> 00:32:08,759 'May God protect me from all evil!" 409 00:32:09,119 --> 00:32:10,279 The Patriarch replied, 410 00:32:10,480 --> 00:32:14,480 "Child of the faith, hast been baptized into Christ and hast put on Christ. 411 00:32:14,759 --> 00:32:20,480 'Christ shall therefore save thee". 412 00:32:20,839 --> 00:32:22,839 So the Patriarch blessed her, 413 00:32:23,039 --> 00:32:27,960 and she returned in peace to her country, and arrived in Kiev. 414 00:32:31,880 --> 00:32:35,720 Next Olga decided to baptize her land. 415 00:32:36,759 --> 00:32:43,559 But for that she needed books, churches and people - priests and bishops. 416 00:32:44,440 --> 00:32:47,759 Patriarch did not supply her with anything apart from his blessing. 417 00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:50,920 She had to hurry, as it was a matter of months 418 00:32:51,319 --> 00:32:56,119 before 16-year-old Svyatoslav becomes a sovereign. 419 00:32:57,440 --> 00:32:59,000 He didn’t like Christians. 420 00:32:59,160 --> 00:33:02,880 Olga couldn't wait for help from the Roman Empire forever. 421 00:33:04,480 --> 00:33:07,839 And she sent her legates to the West, to the land of the Francs. 422 00:33:09,880 --> 00:33:16,680 Otto I's state was called Francia Orientalis and was the mightiest of all states. 423 00:33:17,160 --> 00:33:21,200 After a few years it will become the Holy Roman Empire - 424 00:33:21,319 --> 00:33:26,079 the main protector of the European Christendom. 425 00:33:27,240 --> 00:33:30,440 Western and Eastern Christendoms, Rome and Constantinople, 426 00:33:30,599 --> 00:33:34,119 by the mid 10th century had disagreements only on the political arena. 427 00:33:34,440 --> 00:33:36,101 The church was one - 428 00:33:36,300 --> 00:33:40,119 the Global Apostles Catholic Church of Christ. 429 00:33:41,680 --> 00:33:44,391 Olga, by turning to the West was only planning 430 00:33:44,590 --> 00:33:46,639 to change the church jurisdiction 431 00:33:46,799 --> 00:33:47,879 but not the faith. 432 00:33:48,400 --> 00:33:51,800 After 100 years the Great split-off will divide 433 00:33:51,920 --> 00:33:55,480 it into the Roman-Catholic and Orthodox churches. 434 00:33:56,640 --> 00:34:02,840 If Rus' was baptized by the Pope, history would have taken a different path. 435 00:34:04,400 --> 00:34:09,680 In 962 Rus' was one step away from becoming 436 00:34:09,800 --> 00:34:13,200 a distant suburb of the Latin World. 437 00:34:17,199 --> 00:34:22,239 The bishop came back from Kiev without any success 438 00:34:22,360 --> 00:34:27,720 and being sure of the futility of his efforts. 439 00:34:28,199 --> 00:34:35,079 Some of his companions were killed and he hardly managed to escape. 440 00:34:36,360 --> 00:34:42,680 Olga was late – Svyatoslav Igorevish became the sovereign. 441 00:34:43,400 --> 00:34:46,960 And he didn't wish to have any missioners in his capital. 442 00:34:48,639 --> 00:34:52,960 He was confident that in case of being baptized 443 00:34:53,119 --> 00:34:57,400 he was going to lose his peoples' respect. 444 00:34:58,159 --> 00:35:03,279 Because every warrior would despise those, whose God was born in a barn 445 00:35:03,360 --> 00:35:06,360 and died in a disgraceful way next to the criminals. 446 00:35:07,719 --> 00:35:09,919 Svyatoslav didn't need a God like that. 447 00:35:10,320 --> 00:35:14,280 He needed power and glory. 448 00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:19,519 SVYATOSLAV 449 00:35:25,157 --> 00:35:26,681 Svyatoslav has two children already 450 00:35:26,789 --> 00:35:33,213 and the third one is about to be born from a bond-maid called Malusha. 451 00:35:40,420 --> 00:35:43,974 Now Olga she urged him to be baptized, 452 00:35:44,992 --> 00:35:47,699 but he would not listen to her suggestion. 453 00:35:51,527 --> 00:35:54,970 "My son, I have learned to know God, and am glad for it. 454 00:35:55,989 --> 00:36:00,474 'If you know him, you too will rejoice." 455 00:36:04,702 --> 00:36:07,178 But he did not heed her exhortation, answering, 456 00:36:08,248 --> 00:36:11,445 "How shall I alone accept another faith? 457 00:36:12,246 --> 00:36:14,704 'My followers will laugh at that." 458 00:36:18,708 --> 00:36:20,539 But his mother replied, 459 00:36:21,088 --> 00:36:25,966 "If you are converted, all your subjects will perforce follow your example". 460 00:37:05,722 --> 00:37:07,443 It’s a boy! 461 00:37:11,920 --> 00:37:17,521 He named his third son - Vladimir - "the great sovereign ". 462 00:37:18,393 --> 00:37:21,009 He was sure that he won in the dispute with his mother. 463 00:37:21,429 --> 00:37:28,254 And a birth of his son proved that he was right. 464 00:37:29,329 --> 00:37:33,461 Svyatoslav did not heed his mother, but followed heathen usages. 465 00:37:33,945 --> 00:37:36,976 But not with standing, Olga loved her son Svyatoslav, 466 00:37:37,114 --> 00:37:40,085 and said, "So be the will of God". 467 00:37:40,271 --> 00:37:43,786 If God wishes to have pity upon my kin and upon the land of Rus', 468 00:37:44,074 --> 00:37:49,263 let him lead my son heart to return to God, even as God has granted me to do. 469 00:37:50,105 --> 00:37:52,641 With these words, she kept saying prayers for her son 470 00:37:52,780 --> 00:37:56,444 and for her people day and night. 471 00:38:45,739 --> 00:38:49,018 Svyatoslav was getting ready for a big military campaign. 472 00:38:49,586 --> 00:38:51,213 He did not even listen to his mother. 473 00:38:52,376 --> 00:38:54,163 He was a grown up. 474 00:38:54,293 --> 00:38:56,643 It will be his first campaign. 475 00:38:57,338 --> 00:39:01,891 She can only pray for him to survive. 476 00:39:02,338 --> 00:39:07,244 He will be back, but only to leave again. 477 00:39:08,436 --> 00:39:11,211 964 AD - Vyatichi campaign. 478 00:39:11,467 --> 00:39:14,461 Svyatoslav defeated and annexed them to the state of Rus’. 479 00:39:14,574 --> 00:39:20,362 It was the last Eastern Slavic tribe that had never been under the Kiev reign. 480 00:39:20,878 --> 00:39:24,126 965 AD Svyatoslav sallied forth against the Khazars. 481 00:39:24,179 --> 00:39:27,825 After a few battles the Khazar Khaganate ceased existing. 482 00:39:28,387 --> 00:39:32,427 966 a.d. Svyatoslav marched to attack the Bulgarians on Volga 483 00:39:32,661 --> 00:39:36,921 and fought in the mid and lower Volga Regions. 484 00:39:37,309 --> 00:39:40,940 968 AD Svyatoslav marched to the Danube to attack the Bulgarians. 485 00:39:41,126 --> 00:39:44,664 According to the chronicle, Svyatoslav captured 80 Bulgarian towns. 486 00:39:44,971 --> 00:39:48,311 After Svyatoslav defeated the Bulgarians, he took up his residence in Pereyaslavets, 487 00:39:48,742 --> 00:39:50,295 located in the mouth of the Danube. 488 00:39:50,672 --> 00:39:54,324 He liked it there and even started to think that the capital should be moved 489 00:39:54,442 --> 00:39:56,570 from the Dnieper to Danube. 490 00:39:56,650 --> 00:39:59,230 Then he would go further. 491 00:40:00,092 --> 00:40:03,740 He was fast as a leopard, he fought in many battles. 492 00:40:03,878 --> 00:40:07,523 Upon his expeditions he carried with him neither wagons nor kettles, 493 00:40:07,659 --> 00:40:08,923 and boiled no meat, 494 00:40:09,193 --> 00:40:13,927 but cut off small strips of horseflesh and ate it after roasting it on the coals. 495 00:40:14,188 --> 00:40:19,126 Nor did he have a tent, but he spread out a horse-blanket under him, 496 00:40:19,275 --> 00:40:22,092 and set his saddle under his head; and all his retinue did likewise. 497 00:40:22,311 --> 00:40:26,910 He sent messengers to the other lands announcing his intention to attack them. 498 00:40:28,523 --> 00:40:32,965 By some miracle, a courier from Kiev managed to reach him and brought a letter. 499 00:40:34,358 --> 00:40:37,760 The letter contained incredibly bitter words. 500 00:40:41,264 --> 00:40:44,602 "Oh Prince, you visit and frequent foreign lands. 501 00:40:44,744 --> 00:40:48,612 But while you neglect your own country, 502 00:40:48,713 --> 00:40:51,757 the Pechenegs have all but taken us captive, 503 00:40:51,947 --> 00:40:54,982 along with your mother and your children as well. 504 00:40:55,065 --> 00:41:00,148 Unless you return to protect us, they will attack us again, 505 00:41:00,429 --> 00:41:03,538 if you have no pity on your native land, 506 00:41:03,777 --> 00:41:06,954 on your mother in her old age, and on your children. 507 00:41:07,931 --> 00:41:12,148 For many decades hadn’t Kiev seen nomads at its walls. 508 00:41:12,985 --> 00:41:15,262 Wars were underway far away from the city, in the Steppe. 509 00:41:16,322 --> 00:41:22,840 Khazars used to hold the Pechenegs attacks, but Svyatoslav destroyed that shield. 510 00:41:23,831 --> 00:41:26,932 When he started his Danube campaign he couldn't even think 511 00:41:27,012 --> 00:41:30,715 that someone would dare to attack his capital. 512 00:41:31,679 --> 00:41:33,166 The city was helpless. 513 00:41:33,365 --> 00:41:36,137 Only the junior retinue remained in town. 514 00:41:37,063 --> 00:41:42,313 The wild Pechenegs’ crowd near the walls of Kiev was horrifying. 515 00:41:45,525 --> 00:41:48,826 After a few weeks of the siege the hunger started. 516 00:41:49,039 --> 00:41:54,264 If not for Olga, the gates would had been opened. 517 00:41:54,992 --> 00:41:57,864 But she managed to prevent the panic and didn't allow the citizens to surrender. 518 00:41:58,268 --> 00:42:01,346 They were waiting for Svyatoslav to come back. 519 00:42:01,786 --> 00:42:04,092 Every day lasted longer than eternity. 520 00:42:05,132 --> 00:42:08,925 But one day they saw panic in the Pechenegs' camp 521 00:42:09,125 --> 00:42:12,067 and understood - Svyatoslav was close. 522 00:42:18,876 --> 00:42:20,913 The army marched without rest, eating and sleeping on the way. 523 00:42:21,306 --> 00:42:25,776 Prince sent the retinue after the Pechenegs' and entered the city. 524 00:42:25,947 --> 00:42:28,253 People were crying while welcoming him back. 525 00:42:28,630 --> 00:42:31,250 His family came towards him. 526 00:42:31,943 --> 00:42:34,041 But there was not a sign of Olga. 527 00:42:36,282 --> 00:42:39,368 For the first time his mother was not welcoming him. 528 00:42:45,992 --> 00:42:48,633 When he entered her room he got scared. 529 00:42:50,257 --> 00:42:52,048 There was an old woman dressed 530 00:42:52,150 --> 00:42:54,332 in the princess’s clothes was sitting on the throne. 531 00:42:57,219 --> 00:43:01,585 The siege of Kiev and worries about grandchildren emptied her. 532 00:43:02,443 --> 00:43:06,903 She was only afraid that shemight not live till her son return. 533 00:43:09,432 --> 00:43:10,706 But she did. 534 00:43:11,902 --> 00:43:15,481 Like in his childhood he sat by her and put his head on her knees. 535 00:43:17,079 --> 00:43:23,943 The princess realized that she was crying for the first time since Svyatoslav's birth. 536 00:43:24,184 --> 00:43:26,271 "I’m home". 537 00:43:43,778 --> 00:43:49,045 Svyatoslav announced to his mother, "I do not care to remain in Kiev, 538 00:43:49,610 --> 00:43:52,081 'but should prefer to live in Pereyaslavets on the Danube, 539 00:43:52,592 --> 00:43:54,569 'since that is the centre of my realm, 540 00:43:54,793 --> 00:43:56,702 'where all riches are concentrated". 541 00:43:57,260 --> 00:44:03,569 She begged him first to bury her and then to go wheresoever he would. 542 00:44:04,570 --> 00:44:06,679 Three days later Olga died. 543 00:44:07,153 --> 00:44:10,188 Her son wept for her with great mourning, 544 00:44:10,264 --> 00:44:12,739 as did likewise her grandsons and all the people. 545 00:44:13,139 --> 00:44:14,213 They thus carried her out, 546 00:44:14,282 --> 00:44:16,851 and buried her on the place she had chosen in advance. 547 00:44:17,335 --> 00:44:20,318 Olga had given command not to hold a funeral feast for her, 548 00:44:20,492 --> 00:44:22,407 for she had a priest 549 00:44:22,606 --> 00:44:27,487 who performed last rites over the sainted Princess. 550 00:44:33,199 --> 00:44:37,424 The tiny St. Ilya's church could only fit the closest relatives. 551 00:44:38,773 --> 00:44:39,956 Men were with their weapons, 552 00:44:40,094 --> 00:44:44,250 but the swords didn't leave their sheath at this unusual funeral. 553 00:44:45,277 --> 00:44:49,048 Bulgarian priest was saying something in a singing voice. 554 00:44:49,739 --> 00:44:53,952 The words were familiar but their meaning was unknown. 555 00:44:55,556 --> 00:44:57,331 Everyone tried not to look at her. 556 00:44:58,130 --> 00:45:02,014 Everyone tried not to think about the fact that she had to be buried in the ground. 557 00:45:03,547 --> 00:45:07,192 Her son cried sobless for the first and last time in his life. 558 00:45:08,405 --> 00:45:14,568 One of the grandchildren was looking at the candle 559 00:45:14,728 --> 00:45:16,831 during the entire ceremony. 560 00:45:17,422 --> 00:45:19,072 He looked at it until the black out. 561 00:45:20,632 --> 00:45:26,378 And then he looked up on the icon of "Pantokrator". 562 00:45:28,385 --> 00:45:30,898 30 years after Olga's death her grandson, 563 00:45:31,005 --> 00:45:34,163 Prince Vladimir ordered to remove her remains 564 00:45:34,364 --> 00:45:36,445 to the Virgin Mary's Church. 565 00:45:36,717 --> 00:45:37,927 After the tomb was opened – it was found 566 00:45:38,003 --> 00:45:40,447 that her body was incorruptible Olga's remains will become 567 00:45:40,532 --> 00:45:44,384 the first incorruptible relics in Russia. 568 00:45:44,634 --> 00:45:50,902 In 16th century Olga was canonized as equal to the apostles as Maria Magdalena, 569 00:45:50,976 --> 00:45:57,960 Nina of Georgia and Greek Empress Helena, whose name Olga took when baptized. 570 00:45:59,882 --> 00:46:02,675 Olga was the precursor of the Christian land, 571 00:46:02,739 --> 00:46:04,895 even as the day-spring precedes the sun. 572 00:46:05,673 --> 00:46:09,117 She was the first from Rus' to enter the kingdom of God, 573 00:46:10,182 --> 00:46:13,541 and the sons of Rus' thus praise her as their leader, 574 00:46:14,112 --> 00:46:19,470 for since her death she has interceded with God in their behalf. 50977

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