All language subtitles for HistorysGreatest.Mysteries.S04E10.The.Puzzling.Pyramids.of.Egypt.1080p.HULU.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H264-WhiteHat_track3_[eng]

af Afrikaans
ak Akan
sq Albanian
am Amharic
ar Arabic
hy Armenian
az Azerbaijani
eu Basque
be Belarusian
bem Bemba
bn Bengali
bh Bihari
bs Bosnian
br Breton
bg Bulgarian
km Cambodian
ca Catalan
ceb Cebuano
chr Cherokee
ny Chichewa
zh-CN Chinese (Simplified)
zh-TW Chinese (Traditional)
co Corsican
hr Croatian
cs Czech
da Danish
nl Dutch
en English
eo Esperanto
et Estonian
ee Ewe
fo Faroese
tl Filipino
fi Finnish
fr French
fy Frisian
gaa Ga
gl Galician
ka Georgian
de German
gn Guarani
gu Gujarati
ht Haitian Creole
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
iw Hebrew
hi Hindi
hmn Hmong
hu Hungarian
is Icelandic
ig Igbo
id Indonesian
ia Interlingua
ga Irish
it Italian
ja Japanese
jw Javanese
kn Kannada
kk Kazakh
rw Kinyarwanda
rn Kirundi
kg Kongo
ko Korean
kri Krio (Sierra Leone)
ku Kurdish
ckb Kurdish (Soranî)
ky Kyrgyz
lo Laothian
la Latin
lv Latvian
ln Lingala
lt Lithuanian
loz Lozi
lg Luganda
ach Luo
lb Luxembourgish
mk Macedonian
mg Malagasy
ms Malay
ml Malayalam
mt Maltese
mi Maori
mr Marathi
mfe Mauritian Creole
mo Moldavian
mn Mongolian
my Myanmar (Burmese)
sr-ME Montenegrin
ne Nepali
pcm Nigerian Pidgin
nso Northern Sotho
no Norwegian
nn Norwegian (Nynorsk)
oc Occitan
or Oriya
om Oromo
ps Pashto
fa Persian
pl Polish
pt-BR Portuguese (Brazil)
pt Portuguese (Portugal)
pa Punjabi
qu Quechua
ro Romanian
rm Romansh
nyn Runyakitara
ru Russian
sm Samoan
gd Scots Gaelic
sr Serbian
sh Serbo-Croatian
st Sesotho
tn Setswana
crs Seychellois Creole
sn Shona
sd Sindhi
si Sinhalese
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
so Somali
es Spanish
es-419 Spanish (Latin American)
su Sundanese
sw Swahili
sv Swedish
tg Tajik
ta Tamil
tt Tatar
te Telugu
th Thai
ti Tigrinya
to Tonga
lua Tshiluba
tum Tumbuka
tr Turkish
tk Turkmen
tw Twi
ug Uighur
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
uz Uzbek
vi Vietnamese
cy Welsh
wo Wolof
xh Xhosa
yi Yiddish
yo Yoruba
zu Zulu
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:03,875 --> 00:00:06,583 {\an1}Tonight, impressive and mysterious, 2 00:00:06,708 --> 00:00:09,417 {\an1}they are among the wonders of the ancient world. 3 00:00:09,542 --> 00:00:13,292 {\an1}These are the monuments that define innovation 4 00:00:13,417 --> 00:00:17,000 {\an1}and technology that were meant to last forever. 5 00:00:17,125 --> 00:00:19,250 {\an1}But to this day, no one fully understands 6 00:00:19,375 --> 00:00:22,042 {\an1}how they were built or why. 7 00:00:22,167 --> 00:00:23,792 {\an1}CAROLINE CORY: Despite how much we've learned 8 00:00:23,875 --> 00:00:25,458 {\an1}from the writings on the pyramids, 9 00:00:25,583 --> 00:00:28,833 {\an1}it's not always very complete or specific. 10 00:00:28,958 --> 00:00:31,375 {\an1}Now, we explore the top theories 11 00:00:31,500 --> 00:00:35,708 {\an1}surrounding these 4,600-year-old puzzles. 12 00:00:35,833 --> 00:00:39,500 {\an1}The pyramids really have nothing to do with the afterlife at all. 13 00:00:39,583 --> 00:00:41,583 {\an1}MICAH HANKS: Are these markers left for aliens 14 00:00:41,708 --> 00:00:43,875 {\an1}arriving to Earth from space? 15 00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:45,125 {\an1}CAROLINE: The pyramids could have been built 16 00:00:45,208 --> 00:00:48,458 {\an1}to provide a roadmap to paradise. 17 00:00:48,583 --> 00:00:50,583 {\an1}Can we ever decipher the true purpose 18 00:00:50,708 --> 00:00:53,667 {\an1}of Egypt's astonishing pyramids? 19 00:00:53,792 --> 00:00:56,208 {\an1}[music] 20 00:01:10,167 --> 00:01:14,250 {\an1}Saqqara, Egypt, 2650 B.C. 21 00:01:16,292 --> 00:01:19,167 {\an1}Workers serving under Pharoah Djoser 22 00:01:19,292 --> 00:01:21,875 {\an1}are nearing completion on one of the ancient world's 23 00:01:22,000 --> 00:01:25,625 {\an1}largest construction projects, a pyramid. 24 00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:28,333 {\an1}MICAH: We can't definitively say 25 00:01:28,500 --> 00:01:30,625 {\an1}which was the very first Egyptian pyramid, 26 00:01:30,750 --> 00:01:32,083 {\an1}but Djoser's is certainly 27 00:01:32,208 --> 00:01:33,500 {\an1}one of the first. 28 00:01:33,625 --> 00:01:35,042 {\an1}It's 205 feet tall 29 00:01:35,208 --> 00:01:39,167 {\an1}with a base of 358 by 397 feet, 30 00:01:39,250 --> 00:01:41,750 {\an1}the size of two football fields side by side, 31 00:01:41,875 --> 00:01:45,333 {\an1}and it's an amazing feat of engineering and technology. 32 00:01:46,500 --> 00:01:48,667 {\an1}LAURENCE: Many others are built in the same area. 33 00:01:48,792 --> 00:01:50,167 {\an1}JASON MARTELL: There are probably even more, 34 00:01:50,250 --> 00:01:52,667 {\an1}but we know of at least 118 Egyptian pyramids 35 00:01:52,792 --> 00:01:54,208 {\an1}that still exist today 36 00:01:54,333 --> 00:01:55,833 {\an1}with extensive ruins. 37 00:01:55,917 --> 00:01:57,250 {\an1}Most of them have been intact 38 00:01:57,375 --> 00:01:58,667 {\an1}almost perfectly preserved 39 00:01:58,750 --> 00:02:00,167 {\an1}over the millennia. 40 00:02:00,292 --> 00:02:02,000 {\an1}LAURENCE: Including the largest ever built, 41 00:02:02,125 --> 00:02:04,500 {\an1}the Great Pyramid of Giza. 42 00:02:04,667 --> 00:02:06,833 {\an1}SAMI JARROUSH: The Great Pyramid is equivalent 43 00:02:06,958 --> 00:02:07,875 {\an1}to the Empire State Building 44 00:02:08,042 --> 00:02:09,042 {\an1}of its day. 45 00:02:09,167 --> 00:02:10,917 {\an1}It reaches 480 feet tall, 46 00:02:11,042 --> 00:02:12,667 {\an1}and for about 4,000 years, 47 00:02:12,792 --> 00:02:15,833 {\an1}it is the tallest manmade structure on the planet, 48 00:02:15,958 --> 00:02:17,333 {\an1}until it's finally dethroned 49 00:02:17,417 --> 00:02:20,083 {\an1}by England's Lincoln Cathedral in the year 1311. 50 00:02:21,375 --> 00:02:23,083 {\an1}JASON: It's composed of an estimated 51 00:02:23,208 --> 00:02:25,875 {\an1}2.3 million blocks of stones, 52 00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:28,833 {\an1}weighing an estimated six million tons. 53 00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:30,750 {\an1}And some of these stones individually 54 00:02:30,875 --> 00:02:33,458 {\an1}are 50 to 80 tons each. 55 00:02:33,583 --> 00:02:36,000 {\an1}The workforce that was needed to lift these stones 56 00:02:36,083 --> 00:02:38,417 {\an1}must have been massive. 57 00:02:38,542 --> 00:02:41,167 {\an1}According to ancient Greek and Roman historians, 58 00:02:41,292 --> 00:02:43,917 {\an1}it is suggested that it was a labor workforce 59 00:02:44,042 --> 00:02:47,208 {\an1}of around 100,000 enslaved people. 60 00:02:47,333 --> 00:02:51,042 {\an1}LAURENCE: And it's not just the size that's impressive. 61 00:02:51,167 --> 00:02:52,833 {\an1}CHRISTOPHER DUNN: The Great Pyramid is probably 62 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:54,333 {\an1}one of the most unique 63 00:02:54,417 --> 00:02:56,042 {\an1}and most precise buildings 64 00:02:56,167 --> 00:02:57,792 {\an1}that has ever been built. 65 00:02:57,917 --> 00:03:02,292 {\an1}It is aligned to true north within 1/20th of a degree. 66 00:03:02,375 --> 00:03:05,042 {\an1}That is remarkable when you consider 67 00:03:05,208 --> 00:03:07,458 {\an1}the time period when the Great Pyramid was built. 68 00:03:07,542 --> 00:03:10,292 {\an1}ROBERT CARGILL: The entire base of the Great Pyramid 69 00:03:10,375 --> 00:03:14,250 {\an1}is nearly a perfect square, with the western side 70 00:03:14,375 --> 00:03:19,292 {\an1}being only 5.5 inches longer than the eastern side. 71 00:03:19,375 --> 00:03:23,042 {\an1}This is .01% difference. 72 00:03:23,167 --> 00:03:25,917 {\an1}This is an amazing amount of accuracy 73 00:03:26,042 --> 00:03:29,292 {\an1}for a structure this big this long ago. 74 00:03:30,917 --> 00:03:34,833 {\an1}The Great Pyramid dates back to the year 2570 B.C. 75 00:03:34,917 --> 00:03:38,333 {\an1}Within a span of 100 years, ancient Egyptians have gone 76 00:03:38,417 --> 00:03:40,750 {\an1}from the seemingly modest Pyramid of Djoser 77 00:03:40,875 --> 00:03:44,333 {\an1}to this stunning masterpiece. 78 00:03:44,458 --> 00:03:46,583 {\an1}MICAH: But soon after, the period of pyramid building 79 00:03:46,708 --> 00:03:51,000 {\an1}in ancient Egypt just stops right around 2500 B.C. 80 00:03:51,125 --> 00:03:53,833 {\an1}And we're not sure really why that is. 81 00:03:53,917 --> 00:03:55,375 {\an1}Eventually, the knowledge 82 00:03:55,542 --> 00:03:58,625 {\an1}of how these buildings were built is lost. 83 00:03:58,708 --> 00:04:03,292 {\an1}LAURENCE: Also lost, the reason why they were built. 84 00:04:03,417 --> 00:04:06,000 {\an1}CAROLINE: Starting thousands of years ago, 85 00:04:06,125 --> 00:04:08,083 {\an1}people were already trying to find out 86 00:04:08,208 --> 00:04:09,667 {\an1}the purpose of the pyramids. 87 00:04:09,750 --> 00:04:11,750 {\an1}You can imagine the first explorers 88 00:04:11,875 --> 00:04:13,667 {\an1}crawling in by torchlight. 89 00:04:13,750 --> 00:04:18,000 {\an1}The first thing they would see in these narrow chambers 90 00:04:18,125 --> 00:04:20,332 {\an1}would be these thousands of lines 91 00:04:20,417 --> 00:04:23,875 {\an1}of hieroglyphic inscriptions carved into the stone. 92 00:04:25,332 --> 00:04:26,792 {\an1}SAMI: Can you imagine? 93 00:04:26,875 --> 00:04:29,832 {\an1}You go in to solve the mystery, and all of a sudden, 94 00:04:29,917 --> 00:04:32,332 {\an1}you're given a brand-new mystery that you have to work on. 95 00:04:32,457 --> 00:04:34,875 {\an1}What is all of this? 96 00:04:35,875 --> 00:04:37,082 {\an1}MICAH: At this point, no one understands 97 00:04:37,207 --> 00:04:38,625 {\an1}what these hieroglyphics mean. 98 00:04:38,707 --> 00:04:40,792 {\an1}But there's more than just writing inside. 99 00:04:41,957 --> 00:04:43,707 {\an1}SAMI: There are these sarcophagus-shaped stones 100 00:04:43,832 --> 00:04:46,500 {\an1}that are cut right into the central chambers, 101 00:04:46,625 --> 00:04:49,500 {\an1}and they're also the right size to hold a human body. 102 00:04:49,625 --> 00:04:51,167 {\an1}Now, the bodies are not there, 103 00:04:51,332 --> 00:04:54,000 {\an1}and that's because maybe they were stolen 104 00:04:54,125 --> 00:04:55,667 {\an1}at a certain point in time. 105 00:04:55,750 --> 00:04:57,332 {\an1}MICAH: We do know that this evidence 106 00:04:57,417 --> 00:04:59,000 {\an1}has been found by the 5th century B.C., 107 00:04:59,167 --> 00:05:00,583 {\an1}because it's at this time 108 00:05:00,708 --> 00:05:03,000 {\an1}that we get the very first written theory 109 00:05:03,083 --> 00:05:04,500 {\an1}about the pyramids. 110 00:05:04,625 --> 00:05:07,458 {\an1}Because in the 5th century B.C., Greek historian Herodotus 111 00:05:07,542 --> 00:05:10,167 {\an1}describes the sarcophagi, and he writes 112 00:05:10,292 --> 00:05:11,667 {\an1}that the pyramids are burial chambers. 113 00:05:16,375 --> 00:05:19,375 {\an1}LAURENCE: Other pyramids provide more clues. 114 00:05:19,500 --> 00:05:21,167 {\an1}JASON: Herodotus visits Egypt 115 00:05:21,250 --> 00:05:22,792 {\an1}and speaks with many of the local guides 116 00:05:22,917 --> 00:05:25,457 {\an1}who have been taking people to the pyramids for years. 117 00:05:25,542 --> 00:05:27,500 {\an1}And they describe seeing mummified remains, 118 00:05:27,625 --> 00:05:29,957 {\an1}sarcophagi, wooden coffins-- 119 00:05:30,082 --> 00:05:32,707 {\an1}enough evidence to support the theories of Herodotus, 120 00:05:32,875 --> 00:05:34,417 {\an1}that these are tombs. 121 00:05:34,542 --> 00:05:37,417 {\an1}LAURENCE: For centuries, this remains the accepted theory 122 00:05:37,542 --> 00:05:40,000 {\an1}on why the pyramids were built. 123 00:05:40,082 --> 00:05:43,082 {\an1}But without understanding what the hieroglyphics say, 124 00:05:43,207 --> 00:05:44,792 {\an1}this is all somewhat speculative, 125 00:05:44,917 --> 00:05:46,582 {\an1}because they might describe these buildings 126 00:05:46,707 --> 00:05:49,167 {\an1}as something totally different. 127 00:05:49,292 --> 00:05:51,082 {\an1}LAURENCE: Then, a visit to Egypt 128 00:05:51,207 --> 00:05:54,250 {\an1}by a famous emperor changes that. 129 00:05:54,375 --> 00:05:56,332 {\an1}JASON: In a way, we have Napoleon Bonaparte to thank 130 00:05:56,500 --> 00:05:58,332 {\an1}for our current knowledge of the pyramids. 131 00:05:58,500 --> 00:06:00,000 {\an1}The emperor has a great appreciation 132 00:06:00,125 --> 00:06:01,667 {\an1}for art and culture. 133 00:06:01,833 --> 00:06:04,750 {\an1}During his campaign in Egypt, he orders a team of scholars 134 00:06:04,875 --> 00:06:07,167 {\an1}to take possession of key artifacts 135 00:06:07,292 --> 00:06:08,917 {\an1}for the glory of France. 136 00:06:09,042 --> 00:06:12,583 {\an1}SAMI: In 1799, you've got Napoleon's soldiers 137 00:06:12,708 --> 00:06:14,708 {\an1}that are digging out the foundation of a fort 138 00:06:14,833 --> 00:06:16,917 {\an1}near the Egyptian town of Rosetta. 139 00:06:17,042 --> 00:06:23,375 {\an1}And they come across this four-foot-long black stone 140 00:06:23,500 --> 00:06:26,000 {\an1}that's just embedded right into the wall. 141 00:06:27,082 --> 00:06:28,792 {\an1}JASON: It's completely smooth on one side 142 00:06:28,875 --> 00:06:30,832 {\an1}and covered with three different languages-- 143 00:06:30,917 --> 00:06:32,250 {\an1}ancient Greek, 144 00:06:32,375 --> 00:06:34,332 {\an1}an ancient Egyptian Demotic script, 145 00:06:34,457 --> 00:06:36,542 {\an1}and hieroglyphics. 146 00:06:36,707 --> 00:06:39,042 {\an1}But this time, we have two accompanying languages 147 00:06:39,167 --> 00:06:40,792 {\an1}telling the same story. 148 00:06:40,875 --> 00:06:44,082 {\an1}LAURENCE: The Greek and Demotic texts are the same. 149 00:06:44,207 --> 00:06:46,332 {\an1}Translations of a royal decree 150 00:06:46,417 --> 00:06:51,000 {\an1}from Egyptian King Ptolemy V in 196 B.C. 151 00:06:51,125 --> 00:06:54,332 {\an1}ROBERT: The message is essentially royal propaganda, 152 00:06:54,457 --> 00:06:58,375 {\an1}and it's declaring how wonderful and how generous 153 00:06:58,500 --> 00:07:02,292 {\an1}the newly coronated king was. 154 00:07:02,417 --> 00:07:05,042 {\an1}But that's not the real importance. 155 00:07:06,292 --> 00:07:08,292 {\an1}JASON: What is important is that we have the same story 156 00:07:08,417 --> 00:07:09,958 {\an1}written in three different languages. 157 00:07:10,042 --> 00:07:12,333 {\an1}All of a sudden, after thousands of years of wondering, 158 00:07:12,500 --> 00:07:14,500 {\an1}we finally have the ability to translate 159 00:07:14,583 --> 00:07:15,833 {\an1}Egyptian hieroglyphics. 160 00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:17,832 {\an1}We can use the ancient Greek inscription 161 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:20,000 {\an1}to finally understand what they had to say. 162 00:07:20,125 --> 00:07:21,957 {\an1}SAMI: It is not an overstatement 163 00:07:22,042 --> 00:07:25,667 {\an1}to say that this is probably one of the most important 164 00:07:25,792 --> 00:07:28,625 {\an1}historical finds of all time. 165 00:07:28,750 --> 00:07:31,500 {\an1}LAURENCE: The Rosetta Stone, as it's called, 166 00:07:31,625 --> 00:07:34,875 {\an1}becomes the key to unlocking ancient Egypt, 167 00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:38,792 {\an1}and perhaps the secrets of the pyramids. 168 00:07:38,875 --> 00:07:41,125 {\an1}ROBERT: Jean-Francois Champollion 169 00:07:41,250 --> 00:07:44,167 {\an1}is able to crack the code 170 00:07:44,292 --> 00:07:46,707 {\an1}hidden within the hieroglyphs, 171 00:07:46,832 --> 00:07:50,332 {\an1}and it took him 20 years to decipher 172 00:07:50,417 --> 00:07:52,792 {\an1}what the Rosetta Stone actually said. 173 00:07:52,917 --> 00:07:56,042 {\an1}Champollion published his findings in 1822, 174 00:07:56,207 --> 00:07:59,457 {\an1}and he had actually created a decoder ring 175 00:07:59,582 --> 00:08:00,875 {\an1}for Egyptian hieroglyphics. 176 00:08:01,000 --> 00:08:03,167 {\an1}LAURENCE: According to the hieroglyphic texts, 177 00:08:03,292 --> 00:08:06,208 {\an1}the pyramids are indeed tombs. 178 00:08:06,333 --> 00:08:07,708 {\an1}JASON: But we get a lot more insight 179 00:08:07,833 --> 00:08:09,167 {\an1}into the nature of the tombs. 180 00:08:09,333 --> 00:08:10,792 {\an1}Finally, for the first time, 181 00:08:10,875 --> 00:08:13,167 {\an1}we know who the tombs were built for. 182 00:08:13,333 --> 00:08:15,750 {\an1}As the hieroglyphics describe, these buildings are meant 183 00:08:15,875 --> 00:08:18,042 {\an1}to be much more than just a burial place. 184 00:08:18,207 --> 00:08:20,167 {\an1}They're massive monuments built to the power 185 00:08:20,292 --> 00:08:21,457 {\an1}of the Egyptian kings. 186 00:08:23,792 --> 00:08:25,875 {\an1}MICAH: The hieroglyphics identify each one 187 00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:28,207 {\an1}of the pyramids with the pharaoh who commissioned it. 188 00:08:28,332 --> 00:08:29,792 {\an1}And according to these hieroglyphics, 189 00:08:29,875 --> 00:08:31,792 {\an1}each pyramid is given a boastful name 190 00:08:31,917 --> 00:08:34,542 {\an1}like "Enduring are the Places of Nyuserre," 191 00:08:34,707 --> 00:08:38,667 {\an1}"Great is Khafre," or "Menkaure is Divine." 192 00:08:38,832 --> 00:08:41,082 {\an1}These were designed to be big boastful monuments 193 00:08:41,207 --> 00:08:44,167 {\an1}to each of the pharaoh's power and permanence. 194 00:08:44,250 --> 00:08:47,750 {\an1}LAURENCE: But could there be more to the pyramids? 195 00:08:47,875 --> 00:08:49,833 {\an1}CAROLINE: Despite how much we've learned from the writings 196 00:08:49,958 --> 00:08:54,167 {\an1}on the pyramids, it's not always very complete or specific. 197 00:08:54,250 --> 00:08:56,250 {\an1}That's the reason why some suspect 198 00:08:56,375 --> 00:08:58,000 {\an1}we don't really have the full picture. 199 00:08:59,208 --> 00:09:00,667 {\an1}SAMI: This has been suspected 200 00:09:00,792 --> 00:09:02,917 {\an1}since long before hieroglyphics were translated. 201 00:09:03,042 --> 00:09:05,000 {\an1}In fact, during the 10th century A.D., 202 00:09:05,167 --> 00:09:08,667 {\an1}the Arab historian al-Masudi theorizes that these pyramids 203 00:09:08,792 --> 00:09:10,000 {\an1}are more than likely tombs. 204 00:09:10,125 --> 00:09:12,708 {\an1}However, he also posits that they could contain 205 00:09:12,833 --> 00:09:15,667 {\an1}a wealth of scientific, mathematical, 206 00:09:15,792 --> 00:09:18,000 {\an1}and astrological knowledge. 207 00:09:18,083 --> 00:09:19,583 {\an1}One of the greatest minds 208 00:09:19,708 --> 00:09:21,875 {\an1}of the late 17th and early 18th century, 209 00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:24,542 {\an1}Sir Isaac Newton, also believes that the pyramids 210 00:09:24,667 --> 00:09:26,875 {\an1}had additional secrets hidden within. 211 00:09:27,042 --> 00:09:29,667 {\an1}MICAH: Newton was really only speculating in his day, 212 00:09:29,750 --> 00:09:32,542 {\an1}but thanks to modern research and technological advances 213 00:09:32,667 --> 00:09:35,042 {\an1}we now have available, we're still uncovering 214 00:09:35,208 --> 00:09:38,167 {\an1}new information about these incredible buildings. 215 00:09:38,292 --> 00:09:41,375 {\an1}And as it turns out, Newton may have been right. 216 00:09:41,542 --> 00:09:43,083 {\an1}There's in fact a lot more to the pyramids 217 00:09:43,208 --> 00:09:44,292 {\an1}than meets the eye. 218 00:09:48,500 --> 00:09:51,875 {\an1}LAURENCE: When hieroglyphics are first translated in the 1820s, 219 00:09:52,042 --> 00:09:55,000 {\an1}it unlocks a trove of new information 220 00:09:55,083 --> 00:09:59,292 {\an1}about the pyramids of Egypt and why they were built. 221 00:09:59,375 --> 00:10:01,625 {\an1}SAMI: They were long suspected to be tombs for pharaohs, 222 00:10:01,750 --> 00:10:03,292 {\an1}and the hieroglyphics confirm this. 223 00:10:03,375 --> 00:10:05,667 {\an1}But as more of these hieroglyphics are translated, 224 00:10:05,792 --> 00:10:08,167 {\an1}we find out that maybe these pyramids 225 00:10:08,333 --> 00:10:09,792 {\an1}had another function as well. 226 00:10:11,042 --> 00:10:12,500 {\an1}JASON: There's a group of hieroglyphics 227 00:10:12,625 --> 00:10:14,292 {\an1}that line the subterranean chambers 228 00:10:14,375 --> 00:10:15,833 {\an1}of the pyramids at Saqqara, 229 00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:17,500 {\an1}and these date to around 2300 230 00:10:17,667 --> 00:10:19,167 {\an1}or 2400 B.C. 231 00:10:19,292 --> 00:10:22,750 {\an1}And they've become known as the Pyramid Texts. 232 00:10:22,875 --> 00:10:25,667 {\an1}SAMI: They're written in vertical lines, 233 00:10:25,750 --> 00:10:28,667 {\an1}and they cover the walls of almost every single room 234 00:10:28,750 --> 00:10:30,000 {\an1}of these pyramids. 235 00:10:30,083 --> 00:10:32,042 {\an1}Most Egyptian hieroglyphics, even the ones 236 00:10:32,208 --> 00:10:34,458 {\an1}inside the pyramids, they're offering you names, 237 00:10:34,583 --> 00:10:35,875 {\an1}they're offering you dates. 238 00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:37,625 {\an1}They're offering you legacies of the pharaohs, 239 00:10:37,750 --> 00:10:39,250 {\an1}who the rulers were. 240 00:10:39,375 --> 00:10:41,167 {\an1}They're talking about the afterlife a little bit. 241 00:10:41,250 --> 00:10:43,500 {\an1}But in terms of why these pyramids were built, 242 00:10:43,667 --> 00:10:45,708 {\an1}we don't seem to have that information. 243 00:10:45,875 --> 00:10:49,333 {\an1}LAURENCE: But these particular texts are different. 244 00:10:49,417 --> 00:10:50,708 {\an1}These hieroglyphics suggest 245 00:10:50,875 --> 00:10:52,208 {\an1}a potential purpose 246 00:10:52,375 --> 00:10:53,833 {\an1}for the pyramids, and it starts 247 00:10:53,917 --> 00:10:56,333 {\an1}with a fundamental ancient Egyptian belief. 248 00:10:56,417 --> 00:10:58,333 {\an1}Like many other world traditions, 249 00:10:58,500 --> 00:11:00,708 {\an1}these texts reveal that they believe 250 00:11:00,833 --> 00:11:02,542 {\an1}in an eternal soul, which the Egyptians 251 00:11:02,708 --> 00:11:04,500 {\an1}call the ka. 252 00:11:04,583 --> 00:11:06,375 {\an1}The hieroglyphics suggest that the Egyptians 253 00:11:06,500 --> 00:11:10,042 {\an1}believe that the pharaoh's ka travels to the starry heavens, 254 00:11:10,167 --> 00:11:13,000 {\an1}where he'll live in eternity amongst the gods. 255 00:11:13,125 --> 00:11:14,833 {\an1}CAROLINE: To some, that means the pyramids 256 00:11:14,958 --> 00:11:16,333 {\an1}could have been built to provide 257 00:11:16,500 --> 00:11:18,292 {\an1}a roadmap to paradise. 258 00:11:22,000 --> 00:11:24,667 {\an1}MICAH: In 1994, Belgian engineer Robert Bauval 259 00:11:24,833 --> 00:11:26,833 {\an1}and British historian Adrian Gilbert 260 00:11:26,958 --> 00:11:28,875 {\an1}publish their book "The Orion Mystery," 261 00:11:29,042 --> 00:11:31,708 {\an1}which becomes an international bestseller. 262 00:11:31,875 --> 00:11:33,208 {\an1}JASON: The central crux of the book 263 00:11:33,333 --> 00:11:36,208 {\an1}is what is known as the Orion correlation theory. 264 00:11:36,333 --> 00:11:38,125 {\an1}The authors propose that the pyramids of Giza 265 00:11:38,250 --> 00:11:40,333 {\an1}are designed to match a star alignment 266 00:11:40,458 --> 00:11:43,000 {\an1}in the belt constellation of Orion. 267 00:11:43,167 --> 00:11:45,792 {\an1}If you look at an overlay of the Giza pyramids, 268 00:11:45,875 --> 00:11:48,625 {\an1}and line them up with stars in Orion's belt, 269 00:11:48,750 --> 00:11:51,333 {\an1}they almost line up. 270 00:11:51,417 --> 00:11:53,750 {\an1}It's uncanny. 271 00:11:53,875 --> 00:11:56,000 {\an1}LAURENCE: According to Bauval and Gilbert, 272 00:11:56,125 --> 00:11:59,167 {\an1}this alignment isn't accidental. 273 00:11:59,292 --> 00:12:02,667 {\an1}It could also help answer a long-running question 274 00:12:02,833 --> 00:12:05,167 {\an1}about the pyramids' design. 275 00:12:05,250 --> 00:12:07,667 {\an1}CAROLINE: Inside the Great Pyramid of Giza, 276 00:12:07,792 --> 00:12:10,000 {\an1}there are four long, narrow shafts 277 00:12:10,083 --> 00:12:12,833 {\an1}that lead out from the King's and the Queen's Chambers 278 00:12:12,958 --> 00:12:14,708 {\an1}up towards the sky. 279 00:12:14,875 --> 00:12:16,833 {\an1}Now, that's a strange design element, 280 00:12:16,958 --> 00:12:19,000 {\an1}supposedly for ventilation. 281 00:12:19,125 --> 00:12:21,500 {\an1}JASON: But why would the tomb need ventilation? 282 00:12:21,583 --> 00:12:24,333 {\an1}If that was the goal, there are much easier ways to achieve it. 283 00:12:24,500 --> 00:12:27,458 {\an1}These shafts required a much more intricate construction 284 00:12:27,583 --> 00:12:29,542 {\an1}in engineering techniques. 285 00:12:29,667 --> 00:12:32,292 {\an1}The Egyptians went to a lot of extra trouble to build them. 286 00:12:33,667 --> 00:12:36,000 {\an1}SAMI: Bauval, Gilbert, and a few other authors propose the idea 287 00:12:36,083 --> 00:12:38,417 {\an1}that these aren't ventilation shafts at all, 288 00:12:38,542 --> 00:12:40,000 {\an1}and instead, that they're windows 289 00:12:40,125 --> 00:12:43,583 {\an1}that align specifically with the stars in Orion's belt-- 290 00:12:43,708 --> 00:12:47,000 {\an1}Sirius, Alnitak, and Kochab. 291 00:12:47,083 --> 00:12:49,958 {\an1}According to references in ancient Egyptian texts, 292 00:12:50,083 --> 00:12:52,292 {\an1}those stars are where the pharaoh's ka 293 00:12:52,375 --> 00:12:54,333 {\an1}is supposed to join the father of the gods, 294 00:12:54,500 --> 00:12:57,167 {\an1}known as Sah, in the afterlife. 295 00:12:57,333 --> 00:12:59,875 {\an1}SAMI: In addition to being the home for the gods 296 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:02,167 {\an1}and for the pharaohs that make it to the afterlife, 297 00:13:02,292 --> 00:13:04,500 {\an1}Orion's appearance in the night sky 298 00:13:04,625 --> 00:13:07,208 {\an1}serves another very important purpose for Egyptians. 299 00:13:07,375 --> 00:13:10,375 {\an1}Every year when the stars of Orion would appear in the sky, 300 00:13:10,542 --> 00:13:12,167 {\an1}the Nile River would overflow, 301 00:13:12,292 --> 00:13:15,167 {\an1}bringing life-renewing irrigation to the crops. 302 00:13:15,292 --> 00:13:16,917 {\an1}So, through the hieroglyphics, we actually have 303 00:13:17,042 --> 00:13:18,792 {\an1}a written record that the Egyptians 304 00:13:18,875 --> 00:13:21,500 {\an1}believe their pharaoh is traveling to Orion 305 00:13:21,583 --> 00:13:23,125 {\an1}after his death. 306 00:13:23,250 --> 00:13:24,917 {\an1}And then, we also have a potential correlation 307 00:13:25,042 --> 00:13:26,833 {\an1}between a pyramid's design 308 00:13:26,958 --> 00:13:28,833 {\an1}and the stars in that constellation. 309 00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:31,667 {\an1}So, it's as if the pyramid was specifically built 310 00:13:31,833 --> 00:13:33,417 {\an1}to aim to that region in the night sky. 311 00:13:34,958 --> 00:13:37,000 {\an1}LAURENCE: However, some think it's more 312 00:13:37,125 --> 00:13:39,667 {\an1}than just souls that travel. 313 00:13:39,750 --> 00:13:43,250 {\an1}JASON: In 2012, Belgian author Philip Coppens takes the idea 314 00:13:43,375 --> 00:13:46,083 {\an1}of the Orion correlation theory and expands on it. 315 00:13:46,208 --> 00:13:48,500 {\an1}He supports the idea that the builders of the pyramids 316 00:13:48,667 --> 00:13:50,500 {\an1}may have aimed their pyramid shafts 317 00:13:50,625 --> 00:13:52,458 {\an1}directly at Orion. 318 00:13:52,583 --> 00:13:54,917 {\an1}But rather than transport the ka of the pharaoh 319 00:13:55,042 --> 00:13:56,667 {\an1}to the heavens, he suggested 320 00:13:56,750 --> 00:13:57,792 {\an1}they could have actually been transporting 321 00:13:57,917 --> 00:13:59,500 {\an1}the physical bodies. 322 00:13:59,625 --> 00:14:02,167 {\an1}MICAH: I mean, it's a pretty fantastical interpretation. 323 00:14:02,333 --> 00:14:05,833 {\an1}How do the bodies levitate and stay up there in the sky? 324 00:14:05,917 --> 00:14:07,875 {\an1}Coppens doesn't explain that, but he does cite 325 00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:10,375 {\an1}what he claims is evidence that the pharaohs' bodies 326 00:14:10,500 --> 00:14:12,042 {\an1}were somehow transported. 327 00:14:12,208 --> 00:14:15,042 {\an1}JASON: As Coppens describes, a great many of the sarcophagi 328 00:14:15,167 --> 00:14:17,458 {\an1}inside the pyramids are found empty. 329 00:14:17,583 --> 00:14:19,292 {\an1}This is true, and Egyptologists 330 00:14:19,417 --> 00:14:21,625 {\an1}generally attribute that to graverobbers. 331 00:14:21,750 --> 00:14:24,167 {\an1}SAMI: But Coppens cites multiple examples 332 00:14:24,250 --> 00:14:27,792 {\an1}of completely untouched burial chambers inside pyramids. 333 00:14:27,917 --> 00:14:29,833 {\an1}No graverobbers have accessed them, 334 00:14:29,917 --> 00:14:31,375 {\an1}and yet, when modern archaeologists 335 00:14:31,500 --> 00:14:33,458 {\an1}finally open these chambers, 336 00:14:33,583 --> 00:14:36,292 {\an1}bodies are nowhere to be found. 337 00:14:36,417 --> 00:14:37,917 {\an1}CAROLINE: Coppens states that after the pharaohs 338 00:14:38,042 --> 00:14:40,833 {\an1}are laid to rest, their sarcophagi 339 00:14:40,958 --> 00:14:43,333 {\an1}and burial chambers are sealed up, 340 00:14:43,417 --> 00:14:46,667 {\an1}and then the pyramid somehow moves their actual bodies, 341 00:14:46,792 --> 00:14:48,375 {\an1}and you're left with an empty tomb. 342 00:14:49,750 --> 00:14:51,375 {\an1}LAURENCE: Coppens also points 343 00:14:51,500 --> 00:14:53,750 {\an1}to another ancient Egyptian burial practice 344 00:14:53,875 --> 00:14:55,833 {\an1}as further proof. 345 00:14:55,958 --> 00:14:58,000 {\an1}MICAH: As we've seen inside many pyramids, 346 00:14:58,125 --> 00:15:00,167 {\an1}along with the pharaoh's body, the ancient Egyptians 347 00:15:00,333 --> 00:15:03,000 {\an1}often left thousands of physical objects as well. 348 00:15:03,167 --> 00:15:05,292 {\an1}ROBERT: Egyptian burial chambers are large 349 00:15:05,417 --> 00:15:08,000 {\an1}because they need to be able to hold quite a few things. 350 00:15:08,125 --> 00:15:09,833 {\an1}Inside of these chambers 351 00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:11,917 {\an1}we have found all of the things 352 00:15:12,042 --> 00:15:13,500 {\an1}that a pharaoh would need 353 00:15:13,625 --> 00:15:15,125 {\an1}to be happy in the afterlife. 354 00:15:15,250 --> 00:15:17,375 {\an1}His pets were often mummified. 355 00:15:17,542 --> 00:15:21,333 {\an1}His slaves were often killed and mummified along with him, 356 00:15:21,500 --> 00:15:23,917 {\an1}because he's gonna need servants in the afterlife. 357 00:15:24,042 --> 00:15:26,333 {\an1}It's not uncommon to find large quantities 358 00:15:26,500 --> 00:15:29,542 {\an1}of beer and bread so that the pharaoh 359 00:15:29,708 --> 00:15:30,875 {\an1}can have something to eat and drink 360 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:32,917 {\an1}in the afterlife as well. 361 00:15:33,042 --> 00:15:35,708 {\an1}MICAH: Coppens asks, if the journey to the afterlife 362 00:15:35,875 --> 00:15:38,500 {\an1}is only a metaphorical trip by one's soul, 363 00:15:38,667 --> 00:15:40,292 {\an1}then why pack up all this stuff? 364 00:15:40,375 --> 00:15:41,875 {\an1}You know, why leave it there to be wasted? 365 00:15:42,042 --> 00:15:44,458 {\an1}Again, to him, this could prove 366 00:15:44,542 --> 00:15:47,042 {\an1}that the Egyptians intended the voyage to be literal. 367 00:15:47,208 --> 00:15:48,958 {\an1}JASON: This of course fails to account 368 00:15:49,042 --> 00:15:50,542 {\an1}for all the many mummies that we have found 369 00:15:50,708 --> 00:15:52,167 {\an1}inside the pyramids. 370 00:15:53,167 --> 00:15:54,833 {\an1}SAMI: Is it likely that physical bodies 371 00:15:54,958 --> 00:15:57,000 {\an1}were actually being shot up to the stars? 372 00:15:57,125 --> 00:15:59,125 {\an1}Probably not. But what we can see though, 373 00:15:59,250 --> 00:16:00,792 {\an1}is that these pyramids were designed 374 00:16:00,917 --> 00:16:02,208 {\an1}with the afterlife in mind, 375 00:16:02,375 --> 00:16:04,375 {\an1}specifically a journey to the afterlife. 376 00:16:04,542 --> 00:16:07,333 {\an1}Whether it's the ka or something else entirely, 377 00:16:07,458 --> 00:16:09,333 {\an1}the Egyptians believed in the pharaoh's ability 378 00:16:09,500 --> 00:16:11,333 {\an1}to make it to their place in the heavens 379 00:16:11,417 --> 00:16:13,083 {\an1}with the help of these buildings. 380 00:16:17,417 --> 00:16:18,958 {\an1}LAURENCE: For thousands of years scholars have debated 381 00:16:19,083 --> 00:16:21,417 {\an1}why the pyramids were built. 382 00:16:21,542 --> 00:16:24,500 {\an1}But few questioned how they were built, 383 00:16:24,625 --> 00:16:28,333 {\an1}assuming vast numbers of slaves were forced to construct them. 384 00:16:28,417 --> 00:16:30,000 {\an1}MICAH: The ancient Greeks estimated 385 00:16:30,083 --> 00:16:31,083 {\an1}that the Egyptians had used 386 00:16:31,208 --> 00:16:33,708 {\an1}a labor force of 100,000 slaves 387 00:16:33,833 --> 00:16:35,000 {\an1}to build the Great Pyramid. 388 00:16:35,083 --> 00:16:37,542 {\an1}LAURENCE: Then, in the late 1990s, 389 00:16:37,667 --> 00:16:40,375 {\an1}a surprising archaeological find 390 00:16:40,500 --> 00:16:42,583 {\an1}upends that notion. 391 00:16:42,708 --> 00:16:45,458 {\an1}JASON: Egypt's chief archaeologist Zahi Hawass 392 00:16:45,542 --> 00:16:47,542 {\an1}is responsible for countless amazing discoveries 393 00:16:47,708 --> 00:16:48,667 {\an1}in the country. 394 00:16:48,833 --> 00:16:50,208 {\an1}But starting in 1990, 395 00:16:50,333 --> 00:16:52,542 {\an1}he embarks on a 20-year-long dig 396 00:16:52,667 --> 00:16:54,042 {\an1}at the Great Pyramid. 397 00:16:54,167 --> 00:16:56,042 {\an1}ROBERT: He makes an incredible discovery 398 00:16:56,208 --> 00:16:57,833 {\an1}that makes us rethink 399 00:16:57,917 --> 00:17:00,500 {\an1}how the pyramids were constructed. 400 00:17:02,042 --> 00:17:03,667 {\an1}SAMI: He locates the tombs of the people 401 00:17:03,792 --> 00:17:07,000 {\an1}who built the Great Pyramid, and he learns two things. 402 00:17:07,166 --> 00:17:08,958 {\an1}First, they weren't enslaved people. 403 00:17:09,083 --> 00:17:10,166 {\an1}And secondly, 404 00:17:10,250 --> 00:17:12,000 {\an1}it wasn't 100,000 people. 405 00:17:12,125 --> 00:17:13,875 {\an1}It was more around 10,000. 406 00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:18,041 {\an1}ROBERT: The evidence he finds is that these men were buried 407 00:17:18,208 --> 00:17:20,833 {\an1}according to Egyptian religious burial customs-- 408 00:17:20,958 --> 00:17:23,208 {\an1}meaning that the men who built the pyramids 409 00:17:23,375 --> 00:17:26,208 {\an1}were from working-class Egyptian families. 410 00:17:26,375 --> 00:17:29,125 {\an1}JASON: The tombs are built right next to the king's pyramid. 411 00:17:29,208 --> 00:17:31,083 {\an1}Now, the workers are buried more modestly, 412 00:17:31,208 --> 00:17:34,000 {\an1}but they're entombed with beer and bread for the afterlife, 413 00:17:34,125 --> 00:17:36,250 {\an1}an honor not provided to slaves. 414 00:17:36,375 --> 00:17:38,333 {\an1}The tombs also have graffiti on their walls 415 00:17:38,458 --> 00:17:40,833 {\an1}calling them "friends of Khufu," the pharaoh. 416 00:17:40,958 --> 00:17:43,125 {\an1}According to Hawass, there's no way 417 00:17:43,208 --> 00:17:45,500 {\an1}that would have happened if these were slaves. 418 00:17:45,583 --> 00:17:48,500 {\an1}SAMI: Hawass also finds evidence of how well these people lived. 419 00:17:48,667 --> 00:17:50,667 {\an1}They were given a great quantity of food, 420 00:17:50,750 --> 00:17:53,000 {\an1}and luxurious food like meat. 421 00:17:53,125 --> 00:17:56,167 {\an1}So here, we have a labor force that is skilled, 422 00:17:56,250 --> 00:17:58,375 {\an1}they're well taken care of, they're not enslaved, 423 00:17:58,500 --> 00:18:00,667 {\an1}and there's only 10,000 of them. 424 00:18:00,750 --> 00:18:02,292 {\an1}How does this make any sense? 425 00:18:03,542 --> 00:18:06,667 {\an1}MICAH: How exactly do 2.3 million 426 00:18:06,750 --> 00:18:09,042 {\an1}gargantuan stone blocks get cut, 427 00:18:09,167 --> 00:18:12,167 {\an1}moved, and fit together so precisely 428 00:18:12,292 --> 00:18:13,958 {\an1}that it's literally impossible 429 00:18:14,042 --> 00:18:16,167 {\an1}to slide even a credit card between 'em, 430 00:18:16,292 --> 00:18:18,333 {\an1}all by 10,000 people? 431 00:18:19,542 --> 00:18:21,208 {\an1}JASON: Did the Egyptians use ramps? 432 00:18:21,333 --> 00:18:23,042 {\an1}That seems implausible, since a ramp 433 00:18:23,208 --> 00:18:24,250 {\an1}with a low enough slope 434 00:18:24,375 --> 00:18:26,708 {\an1}would have to be over a mile long. 435 00:18:26,833 --> 00:18:29,417 {\an1}It would be bigger than the Great Pyramid itself. 436 00:18:29,542 --> 00:18:32,542 {\an1}Had the Egyptians built canals capable of raising water levels 437 00:18:32,667 --> 00:18:34,833 {\an1}high enough to allow some of these massive stones 438 00:18:34,958 --> 00:18:36,375 {\an1}to float to the top? 439 00:18:36,500 --> 00:18:38,125 {\an1}Again, at the very least, that would take 440 00:18:38,208 --> 00:18:41,000 {\an1}many more than 10,000 individuals. 441 00:18:41,167 --> 00:18:44,375 {\an1}LAURENCE: According to author Erich von Daniken, 442 00:18:44,542 --> 00:18:47,458 {\an1}there's only one possible explanation. 443 00:18:47,542 --> 00:18:50,042 {\an1}JASON: In his bestselling 1968 book 444 00:18:50,167 --> 00:18:52,500 {\an1}"Chariots of the Gods?", Erich von Daniken writes 445 00:18:52,625 --> 00:18:55,417 {\an1}that the Egyptians didn't build the pyramids all on their own. 446 00:18:55,542 --> 00:18:58,583 {\an1}They might have had help from extraterrestrials. 447 00:18:59,750 --> 00:19:02,333 {\an1}MICAH: So, if we can't figure out how 100,000 Egyptians 448 00:19:02,458 --> 00:19:05,167 {\an1}built the pyramids, then we certainly have an issue 449 00:19:05,292 --> 00:19:08,167 {\an1}with trying to figure out how 10,000 could have done it. 450 00:19:08,292 --> 00:19:11,792 {\an1}In that regard, maybe von Daniken has a point. 451 00:19:13,042 --> 00:19:16,875 {\an1}SAMI: He calls it the Ancient Astronaut hypothesis. 452 00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:21,042 {\an1}It states that extraterrestrials came to Earth in ancient times 453 00:19:21,167 --> 00:19:24,542 {\an1}and helped human beings build these various 454 00:19:24,708 --> 00:19:26,542 {\an1}architectural marvels. 455 00:19:26,667 --> 00:19:28,417 {\an1}CAROLINE: In this case, they taught 456 00:19:28,542 --> 00:19:31,333 {\an1}advanced engineering techniques to the ancient Egyptians 457 00:19:31,417 --> 00:19:33,583 {\an1}and instructed them on how 458 00:19:33,708 --> 00:19:35,333 {\an1}to build the pyramids. 459 00:19:35,417 --> 00:19:37,208 {\an1}LAURENCE: According to this theory, 460 00:19:37,333 --> 00:19:40,042 {\an1}the pyramids were built as a navigational tool, 461 00:19:40,208 --> 00:19:42,750 {\an1}not to help the pharaohs reach heaven, 462 00:19:42,875 --> 00:19:46,417 {\an1}but to help extraterrestrials reach Earth. 463 00:19:49,375 --> 00:19:51,167 {\an1}MICAH: With the help of modern photography 464 00:19:51,292 --> 00:19:53,083 {\an1}from satellites and the International Space Station, 465 00:19:53,208 --> 00:19:55,000 {\an1}we know that the Pyramids of Giza 466 00:19:55,125 --> 00:19:56,958 {\an1}are indeed visible from space. 467 00:19:57,042 --> 00:19:59,667 {\an1}And if you look at the pyramids from that vantage point, 468 00:19:59,750 --> 00:20:01,167 {\an1}I mean, you can't help but wonder if that's how 469 00:20:01,250 --> 00:20:03,292 {\an1}they were intended to be seen. 470 00:20:03,417 --> 00:20:07,083 {\an1}Could they be markers for aliens visiting from outer space? 471 00:20:07,208 --> 00:20:09,500 {\an1}This could also explain why the pyramids 472 00:20:09,583 --> 00:20:12,208 {\an1}may be aligned with certain stars. 473 00:20:12,333 --> 00:20:15,208 {\an1}It's the final stop of a landmark-based 474 00:20:15,333 --> 00:20:18,042 {\an1}navigational system helping aliens 475 00:20:18,167 --> 00:20:20,250 {\an1}reach our planet from their home world 476 00:20:20,375 --> 00:20:23,583 {\an1}somewhere beyond the constellation of Orion. 477 00:20:23,708 --> 00:20:27,667 {\an1}LAURENCE: These theorists also point to alleged evidence 478 00:20:27,792 --> 00:20:29,667 {\an1}of alien encounters. 479 00:20:29,833 --> 00:20:32,417 {\an1}According to von Daniken and many other authors 480 00:20:32,542 --> 00:20:35,417 {\an1}who followed this hypothesis, at the time of their arrival, 481 00:20:35,542 --> 00:20:38,042 {\an1}extraterrestrial beings would have been considered gods 482 00:20:38,167 --> 00:20:39,625 {\an1}by the ancient Egyptians. 483 00:20:39,708 --> 00:20:41,667 {\an1}This notion actually mirrors what we see 484 00:20:41,792 --> 00:20:43,500 {\an1}in the ancient hieroglyphic texts. 485 00:20:43,583 --> 00:20:46,167 {\an1}Many hieroglyphic inscriptions do tell us 486 00:20:46,292 --> 00:20:48,875 {\an1}that the ancient Egyptians believed that their gods 487 00:20:49,000 --> 00:20:50,667 {\an1}came from the stars. 488 00:20:50,792 --> 00:20:53,167 {\an1}The story sounds a lot like what von Daniken 489 00:20:53,292 --> 00:20:54,458 {\an1}is writing about. 490 00:20:54,542 --> 00:20:56,875 {\an1}According to Egyptian mythology, 491 00:20:57,000 --> 00:20:59,167 {\an1}the gods lived among them on Earth 492 00:20:59,292 --> 00:21:02,125 {\an1}and had a great impact on their daily life. 493 00:21:02,250 --> 00:21:05,167 {\an1}Then, after a time, the gods left Earth. 494 00:21:05,333 --> 00:21:07,000 {\an1}SAMI: Where did they go? 495 00:21:07,125 --> 00:21:08,333 {\an1}The hieroglyphics are pretty clear. 496 00:21:08,458 --> 00:21:11,625 {\an1}They went back beyond the stars. 497 00:21:11,708 --> 00:21:14,375 {\an1}LAURENCE: Some also believe this Egyptian encounter 498 00:21:14,500 --> 00:21:16,042 {\an1}wasn't an isolated incident. 499 00:21:16,208 --> 00:21:18,833 {\an1}CAROLINE: It may have been one of the first visits from aliens, 500 00:21:19,000 --> 00:21:20,958 {\an1}but it wouldn't be the last, 501 00:21:21,042 --> 00:21:22,708 {\an1}because Ancient Astronaut theorists 502 00:21:22,833 --> 00:21:25,667 {\an1}believe this has happened all over our planet. 503 00:21:25,750 --> 00:21:28,458 {\an1}SAMI: Now, to date, you have 118 pyramids 504 00:21:28,583 --> 00:21:31,167 {\an1}that have been found all across Egypt. 505 00:21:31,333 --> 00:21:33,500 {\an1}But you can double that number for Sudan. 506 00:21:33,667 --> 00:21:36,250 {\an1}They've been found all across China, the Middle East. 507 00:21:36,375 --> 00:21:38,750 {\an1}And the Americas contain more pyramids 508 00:21:38,875 --> 00:21:42,250 {\an1}than all other parts of the world combined. 509 00:21:42,375 --> 00:21:43,958 {\an1}JASON: There's another great pyramid complex 510 00:21:44,042 --> 00:21:45,625 {\an1}at Teotihuacan in Mexico. 511 00:21:45,708 --> 00:21:47,625 {\an1}Just like at Giza, these pyramids 512 00:21:47,708 --> 00:21:51,000 {\an1}are astronomically aligned to certain stars. 513 00:21:51,125 --> 00:21:52,500 {\an1}There are three main temples. 514 00:21:52,583 --> 00:21:54,417 {\an1}You've got the Pyramid of the Sun, 515 00:21:54,542 --> 00:21:57,917 {\an1}the Pyramid of the Moon, and the Pyramid of Quetzalcoatl. 516 00:21:58,042 --> 00:21:59,583 {\an1}LAURENCE: Just like at Giza, 517 00:21:59,708 --> 00:22:02,750 {\an1}these pyramids appear to align with the stars 518 00:22:02,875 --> 00:22:05,042 {\an1}in Orion's belt. 519 00:22:05,208 --> 00:22:07,333 {\an1}And here again, just like Giza, 520 00:22:07,500 --> 00:22:09,583 {\an1}the smallest temple, the Pyramid of Quetzalcoatl 521 00:22:09,708 --> 00:22:13,417 {\an1}is offset from the others and aligned with Mintaka, 522 00:22:13,542 --> 00:22:15,667 {\an1}the faintest star in Orion's belt. 523 00:22:15,833 --> 00:22:19,167 {\an1}They're mapped according to the very same principles, 524 00:22:19,250 --> 00:22:21,500 {\an1}and display the same astronomical message. 525 00:22:21,625 --> 00:22:25,042 {\an1}So, it's easy to wonder, were these pyramids 526 00:22:25,167 --> 00:22:29,375 {\an1}designed by the same beings, the same alien civilization 527 00:22:29,500 --> 00:22:32,417 {\an1}based somewhere around the constellation Orion? 528 00:22:33,958 --> 00:22:36,833 {\an1}If these structures were designed by extraterrestrials-- 529 00:22:36,917 --> 00:22:38,792 {\an1}and of course, I'm not saying that they were-- 530 00:22:38,917 --> 00:22:41,625 {\an1}but if so, it's easy to see the parallels. 531 00:22:41,750 --> 00:22:43,375 {\an1}And you could see how some people 532 00:22:43,500 --> 00:22:45,083 {\an1}might believe they are connected. 533 00:22:45,208 --> 00:22:49,208 {\an1}LAURENCE: Most Egyptologists, however, reject this theory. 534 00:22:49,375 --> 00:22:52,042 {\an1}There's simply no real proof. 535 00:22:52,167 --> 00:22:54,333 {\an1}It is all speculation. 536 00:22:54,458 --> 00:22:56,500 {\an1}See, for me, the alien theory 537 00:22:56,583 --> 00:23:00,000 {\an1}detracts from something that's way more awe-inspiring. 538 00:23:00,083 --> 00:23:01,833 {\an1}The ability of human beings, 539 00:23:01,917 --> 00:23:05,208 {\an1}especially at such an early time in our history, 540 00:23:05,333 --> 00:23:07,667 {\an1}to come together, and to design, 541 00:23:07,833 --> 00:23:10,625 {\an1}and to build these architectural marvels, 542 00:23:10,708 --> 00:23:11,583 {\an1}is a wonder. 543 00:23:15,583 --> 00:23:18,125 {\an1}When it comes to solving the mysteries of the pyramids, 544 00:23:18,208 --> 00:23:19,833 {\an1}the biggest challenge is the lack 545 00:23:19,958 --> 00:23:21,833 {\an1}of recorded evidence. 546 00:23:21,958 --> 00:23:25,833 {\an1}But in 1947, new writings are discovered 547 00:23:25,917 --> 00:23:29,375 {\an1}that suggest a surprising purpose. 548 00:23:30,583 --> 00:23:31,833 {\an1}JASON: There are two primary sources of information 549 00:23:31,958 --> 00:23:33,000 {\an1}about the pyramids. 550 00:23:33,083 --> 00:23:34,375 {\an1}First, there are the Greeks. 551 00:23:34,500 --> 00:23:36,458 {\an1}But when you read their histories, 552 00:23:36,542 --> 00:23:38,208 {\an1}you can see that they're just as mystified as we are. 553 00:23:38,375 --> 00:23:40,167 {\an1}They're mostly guessing. 554 00:23:40,292 --> 00:23:41,708 {\an1}MICAH: Then we have the hieroglyphics, 555 00:23:41,875 --> 00:23:43,667 {\an1}which have taught us a tremendous amount 556 00:23:43,750 --> 00:23:46,792 {\an1}about the ancient Egyptian cosmology and their myths. 557 00:23:46,875 --> 00:23:48,333 {\an1}But there's nothing in these inscriptions, 558 00:23:48,500 --> 00:23:50,375 {\an1}nowhere that says why 559 00:23:50,542 --> 00:23:51,958 {\an1}they had to build the biggest 560 00:23:52,042 --> 00:23:54,750 {\an1}and most durable structures anywhere on the planet. 561 00:23:54,875 --> 00:23:58,292 {\an1}LAURENCE: There is, however, one ancient text 562 00:23:58,417 --> 00:24:00,458 {\an1}that may provide an explanation. 563 00:24:00,583 --> 00:24:02,417 {\an1}ROBERT: In the spring of 1947, 564 00:24:02,542 --> 00:24:05,833 {\an1}an amazing trove of Hebrew scrolls 565 00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:07,958 {\an1}is discovered on the northwest shore 566 00:24:08,083 --> 00:24:09,333 {\an1}of the Dead Sea. 567 00:24:09,500 --> 00:24:12,750 {\an1}A Bedouin shepherd boy is out tending his sheep, 568 00:24:12,875 --> 00:24:15,500 {\an1}and one of his sheep walks up into a cave. 569 00:24:15,625 --> 00:24:17,875 {\an1}And he's trying to get his sheep out of the cave, 570 00:24:18,042 --> 00:24:19,833 {\an1}so he throws a rock. 571 00:24:19,958 --> 00:24:22,833 {\an1}And instead of a sheep coming out, he hears a crash. 572 00:24:22,958 --> 00:24:24,875 {\an1}SAMI: The noise scares him, and he runs away. 573 00:24:25,042 --> 00:24:26,708 {\an1}But later, he comes back with a friend, 574 00:24:26,875 --> 00:24:28,833 {\an1}and both of them enter the cave. 575 00:24:28,917 --> 00:24:30,125 {\an1}They find a number 576 00:24:30,208 --> 00:24:32,042 {\an1}of long clay jars. 577 00:24:32,167 --> 00:24:33,542 {\an1}But then, they look inside, 578 00:24:33,708 --> 00:24:37,375 {\an1}and they see this dark object. 579 00:24:37,542 --> 00:24:38,875 {\an1}They bring the jars out into the light, 580 00:24:39,042 --> 00:24:40,625 {\an1}and they see that the objects are wrapped 581 00:24:40,708 --> 00:24:43,875 {\an1}in a layer of fine linen, and they're covered in wax. 582 00:24:44,042 --> 00:24:45,542 {\an1}And when they start unrolling them, 583 00:24:45,667 --> 00:24:49,167 {\an1}they find long pieces of parchment covered in writing 584 00:24:49,333 --> 00:24:50,583 {\an1}that have been sewn together. 585 00:24:51,792 --> 00:24:53,417 {\an1}LAURENCE: They have just stumbled upon 586 00:24:53,542 --> 00:24:55,792 {\an1}the Dead Sea Scrolls. 587 00:24:55,875 --> 00:24:58,000 {\an1}Dating back to the 3rd century B.C., 588 00:24:58,125 --> 00:25:01,667 {\an1}they're the oldest surviving biblical texts. 589 00:25:01,792 --> 00:25:04,250 {\an1}It's an archaeological and religious revelation 590 00:25:04,375 --> 00:25:05,667 {\an1}beyond compare. 591 00:25:05,792 --> 00:25:07,417 {\an1}Some would even say it's the most important 592 00:25:07,542 --> 00:25:10,500 {\an1}archaeological find in history. 593 00:25:10,625 --> 00:25:12,667 {\an1}JASON: The Dead Sea Scrolls expand our knowledge 594 00:25:12,792 --> 00:25:15,208 {\an1}of the ancient world in countless ways. 595 00:25:15,375 --> 00:25:17,042 {\an1}One of those ways has to do with Egypt. 596 00:25:17,208 --> 00:25:20,083 {\an1}MICAH: Among these scrolls is a very old version 597 00:25:20,208 --> 00:25:21,500 {\an1}of the Book of Genesis. 598 00:25:21,583 --> 00:25:23,333 {\an1}This ends up, of course, being the first book 599 00:25:23,458 --> 00:25:25,667 {\an1}of the Jewish Torah and the Christian Bible. 600 00:25:25,750 --> 00:25:29,167 {\an1}And in it is the story of Jacob and his son Joseph. 601 00:25:31,042 --> 00:25:34,417 {\an1}LAURENCE: According to Genesis, Jacob has 12 sons 602 00:25:34,542 --> 00:25:37,042 {\an1}whose descendants eventually become 603 00:25:37,208 --> 00:25:39,333 {\an1}the 12 Tribes of Israel. 604 00:25:39,417 --> 00:25:41,833 {\an1}Jacob favors his most beloved son Joseph, 605 00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:44,125 {\an1}which causes tremendous friction with his brothers. 606 00:25:44,250 --> 00:25:47,375 {\an1}In a fit of jealousy, they sell him into slavery. 607 00:25:47,542 --> 00:25:49,500 {\an1}Where is he taken? To Egypt. 608 00:25:50,708 --> 00:25:52,542 {\an1}MICAH: There in Egypt, Joseph is able 609 00:25:52,667 --> 00:25:54,708 {\an1}to turn his luck around by interpreting a dream 610 00:25:54,833 --> 00:25:57,333 {\an1}for the pharaoh about an approaching famine. 611 00:25:57,417 --> 00:26:00,000 {\an1}And Joseph warns the pharaoh to start stockpiling grain 612 00:26:00,125 --> 00:26:01,708 {\an1}as soon as possible. 613 00:26:01,875 --> 00:26:04,000 {\an1}Some biblical scholars believe that this grain 614 00:26:04,083 --> 00:26:06,917 {\an1}ends up being stored in the pyramids. 615 00:26:10,167 --> 00:26:11,542 {\an1}JASON: There are two versions of this theory. 616 00:26:11,708 --> 00:26:13,667 {\an1}Some theorists believe that the pyramids 617 00:26:13,792 --> 00:26:16,125 {\an1}were always meant to be used for grain storage. 618 00:26:16,208 --> 00:26:18,417 {\an1}That was one of the reasons why they were designed. 619 00:26:18,542 --> 00:26:21,208 {\an1}Others believe that they weren't built for that purpose at all, 620 00:26:21,375 --> 00:26:24,583 {\an1}but got enlisted to store grain because of the impending famine. 621 00:26:24,708 --> 00:26:27,250 {\an1}LAURENCE: Religious historians have long proposed 622 00:26:27,375 --> 00:26:31,875 {\an1}that the pyramids were built by Joseph as grain silos. 623 00:26:32,042 --> 00:26:34,083 {\an1}MICAH: In the 5th century, Julius Honorius, 624 00:26:34,208 --> 00:26:36,333 {\an1}a renowned Christian grammar and rhetoric teacher, 625 00:26:36,458 --> 00:26:38,167 {\an1}creates a geographical manual 626 00:26:38,292 --> 00:26:40,292 {\an1}to help his students understand the world. 627 00:26:40,375 --> 00:26:42,333 {\an1}His research is compiled into a book 628 00:26:42,458 --> 00:26:44,042 {\an1}called the "Cosmographia," 629 00:26:44,167 --> 00:26:46,917 {\an1}and it explicitly references the pyramids of Egypt 630 00:26:47,042 --> 00:26:50,042 {\an1}as the horrea Ioseph, or the granaries of Joseph. 631 00:26:50,167 --> 00:26:53,750 {\an1}SAMI: In the 6th century, this theory pops up again, 632 00:26:53,875 --> 00:26:56,250 {\an1}and this time it's found in the work of Gregory of Tours. 633 00:26:56,375 --> 00:26:57,708 {\an1}He's a historian who also becomes 634 00:26:57,875 --> 00:26:59,917 {\an1}a saint in the Catholic Church. 635 00:27:00,042 --> 00:27:02,500 {\an1}CAROLINE: In the first volume of his master work, 636 00:27:02,583 --> 00:27:04,667 {\an1}"Decem Libri Historiarum," 637 00:27:04,750 --> 00:27:07,500 {\an1}Gregory of Tours explains, 638 00:27:07,625 --> 00:27:10,292 {\an1}quote, "Joseph built granaries 639 00:27:10,375 --> 00:27:14,958 {\an1}"of wonderful workmanship made of square stones and cement. 640 00:27:15,042 --> 00:27:17,375 {\an1}"They're constructed in such a way 641 00:27:17,542 --> 00:27:19,417 {\an1}"that they are very broad at the base 642 00:27:19,542 --> 00:27:20,875 {\an1}"but narrow at the top, 643 00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:23,417 {\an1}"so that corn could be poured into them 644 00:27:23,542 --> 00:27:25,667 {\an1}"through a small aperture. 645 00:27:25,833 --> 00:27:29,625 {\an1}These granaries are still to be seen to this day." 646 00:27:30,833 --> 00:27:32,833 {\an1}Gregory of Tours has to be talking about the pyramids. 647 00:27:32,958 --> 00:27:34,833 {\an1}He's even referencing those enigmatic shafts 648 00:27:34,958 --> 00:27:36,875 {\an1}that appear at the top of the Great Pyramid. 649 00:27:37,000 --> 00:27:38,750 {\an1}Now, due to the degree of incline, 650 00:27:38,875 --> 00:27:40,958 {\an1}it is plausible that these kernels of corn 651 00:27:41,083 --> 00:27:43,042 {\an1}could have been poured in from above. 652 00:27:43,208 --> 00:27:44,875 {\an1}JASON: You can see that this theory 653 00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:47,792 {\an1}is represented visually in Christian artworks as well. 654 00:27:47,875 --> 00:27:50,833 {\an1}The pyramids are very clearly depicted as grain silos 655 00:27:50,917 --> 00:27:52,792 {\an1}in a prominent 12th century mosaic 656 00:27:52,917 --> 00:27:54,917 {\an1}in St. Mark's Basilica in Venice. 657 00:27:56,208 --> 00:27:58,542 {\an1}MICAH: What's more, the granary idea 658 00:27:58,708 --> 00:28:01,000 {\an1}does not just exist in European circles. 659 00:28:01,083 --> 00:28:04,500 {\an1}In fact, we find it both in Islamic and in Byzantine texts. 660 00:28:04,583 --> 00:28:06,625 {\an1}The "Etymologicum Magnum," 661 00:28:06,708 --> 00:28:09,000 {\an1}the Byzantine Empire's largest encyclopedia, 662 00:28:09,125 --> 00:28:10,875 {\an1}explicitly references the pyramids 663 00:28:11,000 --> 00:28:14,042 {\an1}as royal granaries constructed by Joseph. 664 00:28:15,208 --> 00:28:17,833 {\an1}LAURENCE: As further proof of the alleged theory, 665 00:28:17,917 --> 00:28:20,667 {\an1}some authors cite the fact that grain has been found 666 00:28:20,833 --> 00:28:23,417 {\an1}inside Egyptian pyramids. 667 00:28:23,542 --> 00:28:24,792 {\an1}SAMI: Now, to an outside observer, 668 00:28:24,875 --> 00:28:26,958 {\an1}you can kinda see how this theory makes sense. 669 00:28:27,042 --> 00:28:29,208 {\an1}Think about it, the pyramids sort of have a shape 670 00:28:29,333 --> 00:28:31,833 {\an1}similar to, like the salt domes that you'll see 671 00:28:31,917 --> 00:28:33,583 {\an1}on the side of the highway when you're driving, right? 672 00:28:33,708 --> 00:28:37,542 {\an1}The idea is that these grains will be poured in from the top, 673 00:28:37,667 --> 00:28:39,167 {\an1}and as they go in, they'll form 674 00:28:39,250 --> 00:28:41,000 {\an1}like a mound-like shaped structure, 675 00:28:41,125 --> 00:28:42,958 {\an1}similar to like sand in an hourglass. 676 00:28:44,208 --> 00:28:46,500 {\an1}LAURENCE: Modern Egyptologists, however, 677 00:28:46,625 --> 00:28:49,708 {\an1}find a glaring flaw in this argument. 678 00:28:49,875 --> 00:28:51,500 {\an1}If the pyramids were hollow inside, 679 00:28:51,625 --> 00:28:53,042 {\an1}this theory would fit like a glove. 680 00:28:53,167 --> 00:28:54,917 {\an1}But unfortunately, they're not. 681 00:28:55,042 --> 00:28:56,833 {\an1}They're mostly solid rock, 682 00:28:56,917 --> 00:28:59,250 {\an1}so there's very little storage room inside. 683 00:29:00,542 --> 00:29:03,583 {\an1}LAURENCE: But there is evidence that the pyramids were used 684 00:29:03,708 --> 00:29:06,208 {\an1}to provide sustenance to the community, 685 00:29:06,333 --> 00:29:08,250 {\an1}just in a different way. 686 00:29:08,375 --> 00:29:10,000 {\an1}SAMI: The Nile River couldn't always be relied on 687 00:29:10,125 --> 00:29:11,667 {\an1}to flood and irrigate crops. 688 00:29:11,750 --> 00:29:13,958 {\an1}As it says in the Book of Genesis, 689 00:29:14,042 --> 00:29:17,375 {\an1}it references times of both feast and famine. 690 00:29:17,500 --> 00:29:18,958 {\an1}ROBERT: In times of famine, 691 00:29:19,083 --> 00:29:21,500 {\an1}a pharaoh doesn't want his subjects to starve. 692 00:29:21,625 --> 00:29:23,333 {\an1}But he also wants to keep them busy 693 00:29:23,500 --> 00:29:25,458 {\an1}because they're not working out in the fields. 694 00:29:25,542 --> 00:29:28,667 {\an1}So, in exchange for payment in the form of grain, 695 00:29:28,792 --> 00:29:30,875 {\an1}he puts them to work on government projects. 696 00:29:31,042 --> 00:29:32,917 {\an1}And one of these projects may have been 697 00:29:33,042 --> 00:29:34,250 {\an1}building the pyramids. 698 00:29:35,875 --> 00:29:38,167 {\an1}SAMI: So, the pyramids did provide grain, 699 00:29:38,333 --> 00:29:39,667 {\an1}but in a different way 700 00:29:39,750 --> 00:29:41,375 {\an1}than what early Christian theorists thought. 701 00:29:42,500 --> 00:29:44,042 {\an1}MICAH: The fact that a theory is widely believed 702 00:29:44,208 --> 00:29:45,917 {\an1}doesn't mean it's actually feasible. 703 00:29:46,042 --> 00:29:49,000 {\an1}We assume the Egyptians had many better options 704 00:29:49,083 --> 00:29:50,708 {\an1}for storing their grain than the pyramids, 705 00:29:50,833 --> 00:29:53,125 {\an1}which included actual grain silos. 706 00:29:57,500 --> 00:29:59,333 {\an1}LAURENCE: There is no more iconic representation 707 00:29:59,417 --> 00:30:03,500 {\an1}of the might of ancient Egypt than its famed pyramids. 708 00:30:03,667 --> 00:30:05,583 {\an1}The pyramids might be the most famous 709 00:30:05,708 --> 00:30:06,708 {\an1}and remarkable aspect 710 00:30:06,875 --> 00:30:08,500 {\an1}of the Kingdom of Egypt. 711 00:30:08,625 --> 00:30:10,792 {\an1}But they were only being built 712 00:30:10,917 --> 00:30:12,167 {\an1}for a relatively short time. 713 00:30:12,333 --> 00:30:13,708 {\an1}You have a civilization that's around 714 00:30:13,875 --> 00:30:15,292 {\an1}for about 2,000 years, 715 00:30:15,417 --> 00:30:17,625 {\an1}yet they only spent about 300 to 400 years 716 00:30:17,708 --> 00:30:19,542 {\an1}designing these magnificent structures. 717 00:30:19,708 --> 00:30:22,875 {\an1}So, among the many mysteries surrounding the pyramids, 718 00:30:23,042 --> 00:30:28,083 {\an1}one important question is, why did they stop being built? 719 00:30:28,208 --> 00:30:30,375 {\an1}MICAH: In the late '90s and early 2000s, 720 00:30:30,542 --> 00:30:31,667 {\an1}an all-new theory emerges 721 00:30:31,792 --> 00:30:32,917 {\an1}that attempts to explain 722 00:30:33,042 --> 00:30:34,125 {\an1}what might have happened. 723 00:30:34,250 --> 00:30:35,875 {\an1}And according to this theory, 724 00:30:36,042 --> 00:30:39,292 {\an1}the pyramids were built with a very specific purpose in mind. 725 00:30:39,417 --> 00:30:41,375 {\an1}And once this purpose was fulfilled, 726 00:30:41,500 --> 00:30:43,542 {\an1}the Egyptians didn't need to make any more. 727 00:30:43,708 --> 00:30:46,250 {\an1}SAMI: In 1998, engineer Christopher Dunn 728 00:30:46,375 --> 00:30:48,250 {\an1}publishes a book, and in that book, 729 00:30:48,375 --> 00:30:51,458 {\an1}he posits that the pyramids really have nothing to do 730 00:30:51,583 --> 00:30:52,833 {\an1}with the afterlife at all. 731 00:30:53,000 --> 00:30:55,083 {\an1}They're there to serve the everyday life 732 00:30:55,208 --> 00:30:57,500 {\an1}of the people of Egypt living throughout the kingdom 733 00:30:57,667 --> 00:30:59,875 {\an1}by providing electrical power. 734 00:31:04,208 --> 00:31:07,500 {\an1}LAURENCE: Dunn's theory starts with one significant word. 735 00:31:07,583 --> 00:31:10,167 {\an1}CHRISTOPHER: When you consider the word "pyramid," 736 00:31:10,292 --> 00:31:12,792 {\an1}you've got "pyra," which is fire, 737 00:31:12,917 --> 00:31:14,833 {\an1}and then "mid," which is the middle. 738 00:31:14,917 --> 00:31:17,000 {\an1}So, when you bring the two together, 739 00:31:17,125 --> 00:31:18,667 {\an1}you got "fire in the middle," 740 00:31:18,792 --> 00:31:20,500 {\an1}and that is essentially what I'm proposing 741 00:31:20,667 --> 00:31:22,167 {\an1}for the Great Pyramid, 742 00:31:22,292 --> 00:31:25,000 {\an1}except that it's not a fire of combustion, 743 00:31:25,125 --> 00:31:27,542 {\an1}but it's an energetic environment. 744 00:31:27,667 --> 00:31:28,667 {\an1}JASON: With that in mind, 745 00:31:28,833 --> 00:31:30,042 {\an1}modern-day engineers like Dunn 746 00:31:30,167 --> 00:31:31,833 {\an1}start to examine the layout 747 00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:33,667 {\an1}of the pyramids' internal structures. 748 00:31:33,792 --> 00:31:35,667 {\an1}SAMI: Inside of the Great Pyramid of Giza, 749 00:31:35,833 --> 00:31:36,958 {\an1}you have three chambers. 750 00:31:37,083 --> 00:31:38,792 {\an1}You have a subterranean chamber. 751 00:31:38,917 --> 00:31:40,333 {\an1}You've got a chamber that's been named 752 00:31:40,458 --> 00:31:41,833 {\an1}the Queen's Chamber, 753 00:31:41,958 --> 00:31:44,333 {\an1}and one that's been called the King's Chamber. 754 00:31:44,500 --> 00:31:46,833 {\an1}Traditional Egyptologists have been long focused 755 00:31:47,000 --> 00:31:48,167 {\an1}on this building as a tomb. 756 00:31:48,333 --> 00:31:50,083 {\an1}So, they've taken the conventional view 757 00:31:50,208 --> 00:31:52,333 {\an1}that the pharaoh's body was placed in the King's Chamber, 758 00:31:52,458 --> 00:31:54,417 {\an1}and the other two could have been used 759 00:31:54,542 --> 00:31:57,333 {\an1}if the pharaoh died before the pyramid was finished. 760 00:31:57,417 --> 00:32:00,500 {\an1}However, no human remains or funerary objects 761 00:32:00,667 --> 00:32:03,625 {\an1}have ever been found inside of the Great Pyramid of Giza. 762 00:32:03,750 --> 00:32:05,333 {\an1}But that might be the point. 763 00:32:06,708 --> 00:32:09,500 {\an1}When you look at these chambers through the eyes of an engineer, 764 00:32:09,583 --> 00:32:12,458 {\an1}you see that they might be serving a different function. 765 00:32:12,542 --> 00:32:14,542 {\an1}LAURENCE: American engineer John Cadman 766 00:32:14,708 --> 00:32:16,958 {\an1}also supports this theory. 767 00:32:17,083 --> 00:32:18,708 {\an1}Cadman is looking into this problem 768 00:32:18,833 --> 00:32:21,667 {\an1}at the same time as Dunn in the late 1990s, 769 00:32:21,750 --> 00:32:23,875 {\an1}and he really seizes upon the idea 770 00:32:24,042 --> 00:32:26,333 {\an1}that this building has a mechanical function 771 00:32:26,500 --> 00:32:28,250 {\an1}as some kind of pump. 772 00:32:28,375 --> 00:32:30,417 {\an1}JASON: Water would flow in via the tunnels 773 00:32:30,542 --> 00:32:33,042 {\an1}from an ancient lake at a higher elevation. 774 00:32:33,208 --> 00:32:35,167 {\an1}The water would then flow through a duct 775 00:32:35,292 --> 00:32:36,833 {\an1}up into the Queen's Chamber, 776 00:32:36,958 --> 00:32:38,833 {\an1}and then exit through an outflow tunnel 777 00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:40,833 {\an1}to the Nile River. 778 00:32:40,958 --> 00:32:43,250 {\an1}The next question is, why a water pump? 779 00:32:43,375 --> 00:32:46,375 {\an1}LAURENCE: To find out, Cadman makes his own model 780 00:32:46,542 --> 00:32:50,000 {\an1}of the pyramids' subterranean chambers. 781 00:32:50,167 --> 00:32:53,917 {\an1}In the year 2000, Cadman uses a 500-pound block of cement 782 00:32:54,042 --> 00:32:56,667 {\an1}to carve out a smaller replica of the Great Pyramid 783 00:32:56,750 --> 00:32:58,042 {\an1}to study the fluid dynamics 784 00:32:58,167 --> 00:32:59,458 {\an1}that were happening inside the chambers. 785 00:32:59,583 --> 00:33:02,125 {\an1}MICAH: Incredibly, when he runs water through, 786 00:33:02,250 --> 00:33:03,833 {\an1}the block actually starts shaking 787 00:33:03,958 --> 00:33:06,208 {\an1}with long, and then short pulses. 788 00:33:06,375 --> 00:33:07,792 {\an1}Now, if you scaled up this experiment 789 00:33:07,917 --> 00:33:09,833 {\an1}to the full size of the pyramid, 790 00:33:10,000 --> 00:33:12,042 {\an1}Cadman believes the system would have created 791 00:33:12,208 --> 00:33:16,000 {\an1}a heartbeat-like vibration that shook the entire structure. 792 00:33:16,125 --> 00:33:19,833 {\an1}LAURENCE: Eventually Dunn further expands on this idea. 793 00:33:20,000 --> 00:33:21,667 {\an1}He outlines that the Great Pyramid 794 00:33:21,792 --> 00:33:24,000 {\an1}is actually a coupled oscillator 795 00:33:24,083 --> 00:33:26,875 {\an1}which transforms vibrations into energy, 796 00:33:27,000 --> 00:33:29,333 {\an1}and that generates power. 797 00:33:29,458 --> 00:33:31,208 {\an1}Dunn's hypothesis also could account 798 00:33:31,333 --> 00:33:32,792 {\an1}for findings in the Queen's Chamber 799 00:33:32,917 --> 00:33:34,833 {\an1}that have never been fully understood. 800 00:33:34,958 --> 00:33:37,292 {\an1}Those twin shafts diagonally extending upwards 801 00:33:37,375 --> 00:33:40,167 {\an1}from this chamber were once thought of as airducts. 802 00:33:40,292 --> 00:33:42,042 {\an1}And others have hypothesized 803 00:33:42,208 --> 00:33:44,500 {\an1}that they target certain stars in the night sky. 804 00:33:45,708 --> 00:33:48,208 {\an1}SAMI: Now, early explorers reported that the walls 805 00:33:48,375 --> 00:33:50,917 {\an1}and the ceilings of the Queen's Chamber 806 00:33:51,042 --> 00:33:54,167 {\an1}were covered with up to about an inch of salt, 807 00:33:54,292 --> 00:33:56,000 {\an1}and that there was gypsum coming out of the cracks 808 00:33:56,125 --> 00:33:57,833 {\an1}in the limestone. 809 00:33:57,958 --> 00:34:00,083 {\an1}Nobody knew what to make of this at the time. 810 00:34:00,208 --> 00:34:03,208 {\an1}LAURENCE: According to Dunn, it's evidence that the pyramid 811 00:34:03,375 --> 00:34:06,000 {\an1}served as a chemical reactor. 812 00:34:06,167 --> 00:34:09,458 {\an1}My theory on the Queen's Chamber is that chemicals 813 00:34:09,583 --> 00:34:12,667 {\an1}were delivered to the chamber through shafts. 814 00:34:12,792 --> 00:34:16,000 {\an1}Those solutions were dilute hydrochloric acid 815 00:34:16,167 --> 00:34:18,292 {\an1}and a hydrated zinc solution. 816 00:34:18,375 --> 00:34:20,417 {\an1}Those two chemicals brought together 817 00:34:20,542 --> 00:34:22,083 {\an1}would boil off hydrogen. 818 00:34:22,208 --> 00:34:24,667 {\an1}JASON: This hydrogen would cause a chemical reaction 819 00:34:24,833 --> 00:34:27,625 {\an1}with the chamber's limestone, which would explain the presence 820 00:34:27,750 --> 00:34:29,167 {\an1}of salt and gypsum. 821 00:34:29,292 --> 00:34:31,000 {\an1}The hydrogen reaction compounds 822 00:34:31,167 --> 00:34:33,167 {\an1}the pyramid's vibrations exponentially. 823 00:34:33,292 --> 00:34:36,333 {\an1}It's now really moving and can generate a lot of power. 824 00:34:36,417 --> 00:34:38,167 {\an1}SAMI: Dunn believes all of these vibrations 825 00:34:38,333 --> 00:34:40,167 {\an1}charge up the quartz and granite stones 826 00:34:40,292 --> 00:34:41,917 {\an1}in the center of the pyramid. 827 00:34:42,042 --> 00:34:43,208 {\an1}This is why they're putting these stones 828 00:34:43,375 --> 00:34:45,833 {\an1}that weigh 50 to 80 tons in the center. 829 00:34:45,958 --> 00:34:47,292 {\an1}They're almost like batteries. 830 00:34:47,417 --> 00:34:50,167 {\an1}And with that, you have yourself an energy source. 831 00:34:50,292 --> 00:34:54,167 {\an1}LAURENCE: Just how would the Egyptians use that energy? 832 00:34:54,333 --> 00:34:56,458 {\an1}CAROLINE: According to a 1996 book 833 00:34:56,542 --> 00:35:00,292 {\an1}by Austrian writers Peter Krassa and Reinhard Habeck, 834 00:35:00,417 --> 00:35:02,125 {\an1}the ancient Egyptians may have 835 00:35:02,250 --> 00:35:04,333 {\an1}actually had electric lights. 836 00:35:04,417 --> 00:35:06,375 {\an1}SAMI: Their theory is based on a relief sculpture 837 00:35:06,542 --> 00:35:08,417 {\an1}that was found in the 2,000-year-old 838 00:35:08,542 --> 00:35:11,167 {\an1}Temple of Hathor in Dendera, Egypt. 839 00:35:11,292 --> 00:35:14,042 {\an1}It shows what they believe to be a massive light bulb 840 00:35:14,167 --> 00:35:17,250 {\an1}with a socket, a cable, and a filament. 841 00:35:17,375 --> 00:35:20,000 {\an1}These so-called light fixtures appear prominently 842 00:35:20,167 --> 00:35:22,500 {\an1}in several other Egyptian artworks as well. 843 00:35:22,625 --> 00:35:26,458 {\an1}Krassa and Habeck also cite a 1982 experiment 844 00:35:26,542 --> 00:35:29,000 {\an1}by Austrian engineer Walter Garn. 845 00:35:29,167 --> 00:35:31,208 {\an1}He sees the so-called Dendera light 846 00:35:31,333 --> 00:35:33,917 {\an1}and decides to test if such a device 847 00:35:34,042 --> 00:35:36,042 {\an1}could have been built using the materials 848 00:35:36,208 --> 00:35:38,083 {\an1}available to the ancient Egyptians. 849 00:35:38,208 --> 00:35:41,125 {\an1}He was able to make a working model of the device, 850 00:35:41,208 --> 00:35:43,792 {\an1}but his used traditional electricity, 851 00:35:43,917 --> 00:35:46,125 {\an1}not pyramid power. 852 00:35:46,208 --> 00:35:48,792 {\an1}Did the Egyptians actually have electricity? 853 00:35:48,917 --> 00:35:51,417 {\an1}According to this theory, they did. 854 00:35:51,542 --> 00:35:53,000 {\an1}And once they had built enough pyramids 855 00:35:53,167 --> 00:35:54,458 {\an1}to light and power their civilization, 856 00:35:54,542 --> 00:35:55,667 {\an1}they could stop. 857 00:35:55,833 --> 00:35:59,583 {\an1}It's-- it's out there, but hey, it's a theory. 858 00:36:03,750 --> 00:36:06,667 {\an1}LAURENCE: In the late 1990s, two American engineers 859 00:36:06,792 --> 00:36:10,458 {\an1}make headlines when they suggest that the Egyptian pyramids 860 00:36:10,542 --> 00:36:12,625 {\an1}were used to generate power. 861 00:36:12,708 --> 00:36:16,083 {\an1}But they may not be the first to propose this. 862 00:36:16,208 --> 00:36:17,500 {\an1}There are reports 863 00:36:17,625 --> 00:36:20,667 {\an1}of a declassified KGB operation 864 00:36:20,792 --> 00:36:22,625 {\an1}known as Project ISIS. 865 00:36:22,750 --> 00:36:25,500 {\an1}It allegedly takes place in the 1960s, 866 00:36:25,583 --> 00:36:27,833 {\an1}and the purpose was to take a look 867 00:36:27,958 --> 00:36:30,750 {\an1}at these ancient Egyptian artifacts and knowledge 868 00:36:30,875 --> 00:36:34,167 {\an1}to see if they would be of use to the Soviet Union militarily. 869 00:36:34,292 --> 00:36:36,417 {\an1}MICAH: One alleged KGB report from scientists 870 00:36:36,542 --> 00:36:37,958 {\an1}on the Giza plateau stated 871 00:36:38,042 --> 00:36:39,167 {\an1}that, "during inspection 872 00:36:39,333 --> 00:36:40,625 {\an1}"of the wall segment, we noted 873 00:36:40,750 --> 00:36:41,917 {\an1}"an odd sensation. 874 00:36:42,042 --> 00:36:44,167 {\an1}"A magnetic repulsive force 875 00:36:44,292 --> 00:36:46,292 {\an1}"seemed to be emanating from the rock. 876 00:36:46,375 --> 00:36:49,167 {\an1}We were unable to find any scientific explanation." 877 00:36:50,333 --> 00:36:52,125 {\an1}CAROLINE: In the 1960s, 878 00:36:52,208 --> 00:36:54,000 {\an1}you have the Cuban Missile Crisis happening. 879 00:36:54,125 --> 00:36:56,292 {\an1}And right around the same time, 880 00:36:56,375 --> 00:36:58,833 {\an1}the KGB scientists are walking around Giza. 881 00:36:58,958 --> 00:37:03,458 {\an1}LAURENCE: In the late 1980s, as the Cold War rages on, 882 00:37:03,542 --> 00:37:05,750 {\an1}the Russian Academy of Medical Scientists 883 00:37:05,875 --> 00:37:11,125 {\an1}funds additional research into the power of the pyramids. 884 00:37:11,250 --> 00:37:14,125 {\an1}These studies are performed by Ukrainian scientist 885 00:37:14,250 --> 00:37:17,250 {\an1}and defense contractor Alexander Golod. 886 00:37:17,375 --> 00:37:19,375 {\an1}According to his research, 887 00:37:19,500 --> 00:37:22,542 {\an1}the pyramids do indeed have the ability to harness energy. 888 00:37:22,708 --> 00:37:25,292 {\an1}But he doesn't think it's electrical power 889 00:37:25,375 --> 00:37:27,167 {\an1}the Egyptians were trying to use. 890 00:37:27,250 --> 00:37:29,708 {\an1}He thinks it was used for healing. 891 00:37:32,333 --> 00:37:34,000 {\an1}LAURENCE: As part of his research, 892 00:37:34,125 --> 00:37:36,250 {\an1}Golod builds a series of pyramids 893 00:37:36,375 --> 00:37:38,583 {\an1}across the Soviet Union. 894 00:37:38,708 --> 00:37:41,125 {\an1}MICAH: Golod builds over a dozen pyramids, 895 00:37:41,250 --> 00:37:42,667 {\an1}each one is bigger than the last. 896 00:37:42,833 --> 00:37:44,458 {\an1}And inside, he does various tasks 897 00:37:44,542 --> 00:37:46,333 {\an1}measuring their vibration frequencies, 898 00:37:46,458 --> 00:37:49,542 {\an1}and their ability to focus and direct energy. 899 00:37:49,708 --> 00:37:51,083 {\an1}JASON: Golod finds that the shape 900 00:37:51,208 --> 00:37:52,375 {\an1}and size of the pyramid 901 00:37:52,542 --> 00:37:54,083 {\an1}dictates its energy field. 902 00:37:54,208 --> 00:37:56,417 {\an1}He builds his 17th and largest pyramid 903 00:37:56,542 --> 00:37:58,917 {\an1}25 miles north of Moscow. 904 00:37:59,042 --> 00:38:01,000 {\an1}It's a whopping 144 feet tall 905 00:38:01,083 --> 00:38:04,167 {\an1}and weighs about 55 tons. 906 00:38:04,292 --> 00:38:07,250 {\an1}CAROLINE: Golod conducts a research experiment 907 00:38:07,375 --> 00:38:09,833 {\an1}in conjunction with the Russian Air Force, 908 00:38:09,917 --> 00:38:13,333 {\an1}which shows that the pyramid creates an energy field 909 00:38:13,458 --> 00:38:16,208 {\an1}about a mile high, easily detected 910 00:38:16,333 --> 00:38:18,375 {\an1}by the censors on the aircraft. 911 00:38:18,500 --> 00:38:20,583 {\an1}LAURENCE: Golod next sets out to test 912 00:38:20,708 --> 00:38:23,542 {\an1}the energy field's effect on humans. 913 00:38:24,875 --> 00:38:26,833 {\an1}MICAH: Golod brings all sorts of test subjects 914 00:38:26,917 --> 00:38:29,208 {\an1}into his pyramids, but he's not yet sure 915 00:38:29,333 --> 00:38:31,208 {\an1}why the Egyptians built theirs, 916 00:38:31,333 --> 00:38:33,917 {\an1}or what the pyramid energy is supposed to do. 917 00:38:34,042 --> 00:38:37,417 {\an1}CAROLINE: What he finds is that after spending time 918 00:38:37,542 --> 00:38:40,500 {\an1}at the center of the pyramid, people will actually have 919 00:38:40,583 --> 00:38:43,083 {\an1}a marked improvement on their health. 920 00:38:43,208 --> 00:38:46,417 {\an1}So, he publishes report after report 921 00:38:46,542 --> 00:38:50,208 {\an1}about the pyramid's energy promoting growth, 922 00:38:50,333 --> 00:38:52,417 {\an1}health, and longevity. 923 00:38:52,542 --> 00:38:55,000 {\an1}He claims that the subjects' blood tests 924 00:38:55,125 --> 00:38:57,542 {\an1}prove that standing at the center of the pyramid 925 00:38:57,667 --> 00:39:00,333 {\an1}would actually boost the immune system. 926 00:39:00,417 --> 00:39:03,458 {\an1}LAURENCE: Over the years Golod shares his research 927 00:39:03,542 --> 00:39:05,417 {\an1}with a select few. 928 00:39:05,542 --> 00:39:07,500 {\an1}Russian athletes are known to visit these pyramids 929 00:39:07,583 --> 00:39:09,125 {\an1}prior to major competitions 930 00:39:09,250 --> 00:39:11,333 {\an1}to boost their energy and endurance. 931 00:39:11,458 --> 00:39:13,292 {\an1}Russian cosmonauts are even reported 932 00:39:13,417 --> 00:39:15,583 {\an1}to have brought water from Golod's pyramids 933 00:39:15,708 --> 00:39:17,042 {\an1}up with them to the International Space Station 934 00:39:17,208 --> 00:39:18,833 {\an1}to maintain their health. 935 00:39:18,958 --> 00:39:21,667 {\an1}Golod's pyramids still regularly draw visitors 936 00:39:21,792 --> 00:39:23,625 {\an1}from across the country who are eager to experience 937 00:39:23,750 --> 00:39:25,250 {\an1}their alleged healing energy. 938 00:39:25,375 --> 00:39:27,375 {\an1}And Golod is happy to provide access 939 00:39:27,500 --> 00:39:29,167 {\an1}to pyramid-charged water 940 00:39:29,292 --> 00:39:32,625 {\an1}or healing pyramid trinkets for a small fee. 941 00:39:32,750 --> 00:39:35,083 {\an1}LAURENCE: Could the very same health-inducing properties 942 00:39:35,208 --> 00:39:39,125 {\an1}have also been sought by ancient Egypt's pharaohs? 943 00:39:39,250 --> 00:39:42,750 {\an1}According to this theory, yes. 944 00:39:42,875 --> 00:39:44,833 {\an1}CAROLINE: Golod believes that the Egyptian pyramids 945 00:39:44,958 --> 00:39:46,833 {\an1}were used for much of the same reason 946 00:39:46,958 --> 00:39:49,500 {\an1}that he's using his pyramids today. 947 00:39:49,583 --> 00:39:52,167 {\an1}In fact, he thinks they could have been used 948 00:39:52,292 --> 00:39:54,542 {\an1}while the pharaohs were still alive. 949 00:39:54,708 --> 00:39:57,167 {\an1}SAMI: This could explain a few things, 950 00:39:57,292 --> 00:39:58,500 {\an1}like why each pyramid was built 951 00:39:58,667 --> 00:40:00,250 {\an1}as soon as the pharaoh was crowned. 952 00:40:00,375 --> 00:40:03,000 {\an1}Perhaps the building was meant to be used during his lifetime, 953 00:40:03,125 --> 00:40:04,625 {\an1}even before it was finished, 954 00:40:04,708 --> 00:40:07,167 {\an1}to help grant him health and longevity. 955 00:40:07,292 --> 00:40:09,458 {\an1}CAROLINE: It also potentially explains 956 00:40:09,583 --> 00:40:12,292 {\an1}why there are a few other chambers in most pyramids. 957 00:40:12,417 --> 00:40:14,667 {\an1}Like, why is there a Queen's Chamber 958 00:40:14,833 --> 00:40:17,292 {\an1}while we don't actually have evidence 959 00:40:17,417 --> 00:40:19,625 {\an1}that a queen was buried there? 960 00:40:19,750 --> 00:40:22,333 {\an1}Maybe she was allowed to receive the pyramid's healing 961 00:40:22,458 --> 00:40:25,750 {\an1}in her own chamber, but during her lifetime. 962 00:40:25,875 --> 00:40:28,167 {\an1}But in death, all that power is reserved 963 00:40:28,292 --> 00:40:29,750 {\an1}for the pharaoh himself. 964 00:40:29,875 --> 00:40:31,833 {\an1}Everything focused on his mummified remains 965 00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:35,417 {\an1}to protect and preserve him for all eternity. 966 00:40:35,542 --> 00:40:37,708 {\an1}CAROLINE: Ultimately, that's the one thing 967 00:40:37,875 --> 00:40:40,333 {\an1}we know for sure the pyramids represent-- 968 00:40:40,458 --> 00:40:43,042 {\an1}permanence, strength. 969 00:40:43,167 --> 00:40:46,417 {\an1}Whether they're actually sending immune-boosting energy, 970 00:40:46,542 --> 00:40:50,333 {\an1}or electrical power, whether they're storing grain 971 00:40:50,458 --> 00:40:52,833 {\an1}or serving as alien landmarks, 972 00:40:52,917 --> 00:40:55,083 {\an1}none of this can be proven at the moment. 973 00:40:55,208 --> 00:40:57,667 {\an1}But what we can say confidently 974 00:40:57,833 --> 00:41:01,292 {\an1}is that the pyramids were built to last the test of time. 975 00:41:01,417 --> 00:41:03,042 {\an1}And that, they have. 976 00:41:05,500 --> 00:41:06,958 {\an1}Archaeologists in Egypt 977 00:41:07,042 --> 00:41:08,167 {\an1}have no shortage of work 978 00:41:08,250 --> 00:41:09,333 {\an1}ahead of them. 979 00:41:09,417 --> 00:41:11,333 {\an1}Over 100 active dig sites 980 00:41:11,500 --> 00:41:13,292 {\an1}are currently being investigated, 981 00:41:13,417 --> 00:41:15,667 {\an1}with many more to come. 982 00:41:15,792 --> 00:41:18,750 {\an1}As new evidence is pulled from the desert sands, 983 00:41:18,875 --> 00:41:21,542 {\an1}new truths may be revealed. 984 00:41:21,667 --> 00:41:23,500 {\an1}I'm Laurence Fishburne. 985 00:41:23,625 --> 00:41:24,792 {\an1}Thank you for watching 986 00:41:24,875 --> 00:41:27,583 {\an1}"History's Greatest Mysteries." 106956

Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.