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The Erotic Beginning of Austrian Cinematography
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In the 19th century there was a widespread trade in erotic objects.
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The Viennese too were interested in these depictions,
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and various examples of such products,
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like these Viennese lithographs,
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are preserved in museums and collections.
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Since the invention of photography in 1839
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nudes were a regular part of the photographer's repertoire.
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Soon it was possible to produce erotic images cheaply and in large quantities.
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The models only lacked one thing: movement.
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In 1895 the first films were created,
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and erotic topics were among the most popular genres of early cinematography.
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By the end of the 19th century there already were numerous companies
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which produced titillating movies and advertised them in newspapers.
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The first film production company of the k.u.k. monarchy
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was founded in 1906 in Vienna by Johann Schwarzer.
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The company was named Saturn and specialised in erotic films,
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which are considered the first Austrian feature films.
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The inspiration for Saturn productions came from French companies
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whose erotic movies had been box office hits for years all over Europe.
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While the actresses in most of the French films are still somewhat clothed,
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Johann Schwarzer goes one step further.
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A direct comparison between a Saturn and a Pathé film
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immediately shows the greater permissiveness of the Saturn production.
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Despite their expliciteness Saturn films are never vulgar
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and can't be called pornography.
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They simply show situations which give the actresses an opportunity to undress.
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Disrobing, bathing, dancing, and artistic modeling
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were the favored themes.
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Simultaneously, the company also produced longer, more complex films.
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The film 'A Modern Marriage', for example, tells a story of mutual infidelity.
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Almost half the films were shot in a Viennese rooftop studio,
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which must have looked similar to this Berlin studio.
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The glass ceiling of the studio is clearly visible in some films
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which have been shot in intense sunlight.
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In most films the company logo is visible:
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the Saturn star.
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In marking his products Johann Schwarzer follows the practice of other major producers.
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Beside the erotic main theme the films often feature comical moments
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which remind one of later slapstick comedies.
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The location shooting of this chase scene is remarkable for the time.
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Other companies still preferred shooting in the studio.
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Business was great,
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and after a few months work the company released its first mailorder catalogue.
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Soon Saturn films became popular in cinemas across Europe,
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and even made their way to Asia.
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Schwarzer's worldwide success was also his biggest problem.
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The Austrian foreign ministry received complaints from Paris, London, Berlin, Rome, and even Tokyo
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about the flood of obscene films from Vienna.
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In early 1911
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the k.u.k. court of Vienna banned
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19 Saturn films completely or in parts.
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The company never recovered
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and stopped production.
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Swimming Prohibited
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The Sandbath
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Diana Bathing
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Veil Dance
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Youth at Play
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The Fisherman
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Slave Abduction
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Slave Market
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The Dream of the Sculptor
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An Exciting Hunt
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A Modern Marriage
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Dear Baron! Please come to the club immediately. Important business. Franz.
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Dear ???. my husband is at the club. ??? Your Lola.
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At the Photographer's
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A Funny Story at the Window
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Living Marble
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Female Physical Examination
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The Vain Chambermaid
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The Doctor
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The Power of Hypnosis
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Preparation for the Rendezvous
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In the Bath
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The Sorceries of the Mandarin
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Exciting Reading Material
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