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Tonight, we've got rather a
different programme for you.
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In 1954, David Attenborough embarked
on a ground-breaking television series.
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00:00:13,032 --> 00:00:15,936
Watched by millions of
viewers across Britain,
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00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:19,968
it became the most popular
wildlife programme of its time.
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And it launched David Attenborough
as a wildlife presenter.
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If you don't want this, I'm warning you,
I'm giving it to Robert.
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Zoo Quest filmed a number of animal collecting
expeditions, organised by the London Zoo.
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And brought to the screen places and
animals that had never been seen before.
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It was the first natural history
series on film that the BBC had shot.
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00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:52,936
Zoo Quest was first
broadcast in the 1950s.
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Over a decade before colour
television came to the UK.
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So the entire series was
shown in black and white.
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00:01:02,973 --> 00:01:05,473
A few months ago, a remarkable discovery
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was made in the vaults of the
BBC Natural History Unit.
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An archivist was checking through
some of the film cans from Zoo Quest.
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She took a closer look at these
reels of film and realised
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that she had unearthed
a piece of television history.
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They were some of the original films
shot on location, over six hours' worth.
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Not only were they in extremely good
condition, but they were actually in colour.
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They show animals filmed
for the first time,
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as well as being a unique
cultural record of a bygone era.
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I was astonished to hear that they
had all this colour negative stock.
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I had never seen it.
Nobody had ever seen it, I think.
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It had never been printed in colour.
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And it had an extraordinary quality.
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Quite unlike modern colour film and
certainly unlike modern colour television.
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And now the best of this original colour
footage can be seen for the first time.
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And with it the story of how this
pioneering television series was made.
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I was astonished when someone
said
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we've got nearly all the film of the first
three expeditions you did in colour.
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I said, "It's impossible,
we shot in black and white."
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I hadn't seen a foot of
that film since it went out.
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00:03:08,298 --> 00:03:12,000
And when it went out it
was all in black and white.
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And it looked pretty miserable.
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Using the latest technology to
remaster the original colour film,
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it can now be seen in high
definition as never before.
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I was absolutely
staggered at the quality.
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At its best,
it's as good as any colour you see now.
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And the big close-ups of animals,
the faces and the eyes.
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Quite staggering for the period that
it was filmed in. I was astonished.
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And there is a good reason as
to why colour film was used.
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It was all due to David's choice of using
a lightweight hand-held 16mm camera.
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I was insistent that we
would have to use 16mm film.
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Now, that was very much smaller
than the 35 mil which the BBC use.
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We couldn't take the very big
cameras into the bush in Africa.
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And the Head of Films at the BBC
thought that 16mm was beneath contempt.
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There was a bit of a row, so we had
a big meeting and eventually I got
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permission to use 16, which was the
first time ever for BBC Television.
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But the film department
had their own back.
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They said, "All right.
Well, if you use 16,
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00:04:46,314 --> 00:04:51,936
you will have to shoot it on colour negative.
Because it will give you much better definition.
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"It won't be as fuzzy as black
and white negative would do."
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I had to go and find somebody
who would shoot this.
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00:05:02,032 --> 00:05:05,984
And I heard that there
was an amateur cameraman,
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a young chap who was very
good on 16 mil cameras.
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So I discovered his name,
which was Charles Lagus.
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I met this young man called Attenborough
who nobody had ever heard of before.
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And we got chatting.
I said, "Look, I'm going to West Africa.
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"Would you be at all interested in
coming?" And he said, "Well, I might."
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We seemed to hit it off straight away.
We laughed at the same jokes
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and so at the end of it I said,
"Would you like to come on holiday?"
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I said, "Well,
am I actually doing the job with you?"
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00:05:42,064 --> 00:05:44,564
He said, "Well, yes, of course you are!"
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David and I were really nobodies.
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Somebody who was going off with
16 mil film? They were amateurs!
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00:05:54,064 --> 00:05:56,936
We were rebels, really.
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And rather sneered at, I think,
by the Film department, certainly.
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00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:06,936
I'd got to know a lovely
man called Jack Lester,
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who was in charge of the
reptile house at London Zoo.
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Jack was going to be the star.
I was the director.
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And so Jack,
Charles and I were the team.
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What we were going to do was
to film sequences in Africa
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of Jack Lester collecting things.
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He would pounce on a snake, let us say,
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and then we would dissolve from
that film sequence to the snake
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in the studio, with Jack struggling with it
and explaining it. And that was the idea.
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The zoo agreed and the BBC agreed,
and Jack and I both agreed. Off we went.
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Charles and I set off with Jack
and a chap called Alf Woods.
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One of the senior keepers
from the birdhouse.
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00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:03,936
And when we landed in Sierra Leone,
it was the first time
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I'd ever been to the Tropics and
I was absolutely knocked out.
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I remember very clearly
walking across the grass strip
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and then I saw something moving.
It was a chameleon.
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I though, "A chameleon in the hedge
here!" And there was a mantis.
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I was suddenly struck by the
huge proliferation of life
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which is characteristic of the Tropics.
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That muggy air, that tropical air,
not only loaded with moisture
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but loaded with smells from
the earth and from the forest.
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'We set off in our lorry along
the dusty red earth roads which
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'cut through the thick tropical
bush on our way into the interior.'
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'But distances in Sierra Leone
are not only measured in miles,
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'they're also measured in rivers.
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'And the slow hand-pulled
ferries that cross them.
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00:08:03,532 --> 00:08:06,936
'But, to us,
the time spent on ferries wasn't wasted.
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'We hoped to take back to London
a representative collection
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'of the whole of the animal
life of this part of Africa.
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'And the ferrymen, being the biggest gossips
in the area, 'were just the people to tell us
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'if anyone had caught any animals recently.
'And to pass on the extraordinary news
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'to all travelling along the
road that a party of Englishmen
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'were willing to buy
animals of all sorts
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'and were offering rewards to
anyone who could show them the nests
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'of some extraordinary
bald-headed bird.'
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I wanted an objective for our trip.
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I said to Jack Lester, I said, "Couldn't
we make it a quest for something?"
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He said, "I suppose we could."
I said, "Well, isn't there something
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"that nobody has ever seen before
alive?" Jack had a fascination for a bird
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00:08:53,564 --> 00:08:58,936
called Picathartes gymnocephalus.
And I said, "Jack, you see,
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"A Quest For Picathartes Gymnocephalus
"is not a winning title."
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It was a very boring-looking bald crow.
"Hasn't it got another name?"
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He said, "Oh, yeah." I said, "Great.
What's the English name?"
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He said, "A bald-headed rock crow." I said,
"Well, even Quest For A Bald-headed Rock Crow
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00:09:21,064 --> 00:09:23,936
"is not a crowd-pleaser, particularly.
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"Not one to track them in."
So then we just called it Zoo Quest.
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'We came to our first African village,
'where life continues in the same way
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'as it's done for hundreds of years.'
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'An old man sits patiently weaving his
cloth 'in the ancient traditional way.'
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'Women sit in the shade of the huts, 'carding
and spinning the locally-grown cotton,
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'ready for the weaver.'
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00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:20,468
'Cassava and rice has to be
pounded to flour in wooden pestles.
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00:10:20,532 --> 00:10:26,000
'But here, as everywhere else,
there's time for beautification.'
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'Outside the village, 'as outside every
village large or small in West Africa,
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'there was one tree supporting a great
chattering colony 'of weaver birds.'
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Thanks to their convenient location,
these weaver birds were in fact the
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00:10:50,532 --> 00:10:55,000
first wild animals ever to be filmed
for a David Attenborough series.
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00:10:56,000 --> 00:10:58,936
'They're very destructive creatures,
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'causing a great deal of
damage to crops of grain.
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00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:05,936
'But although it would be easy enough to
cut down the trees 'and destroy the nests,
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00:11:06,000 --> 00:11:08,968
'the villagers rarely take
any action against the birds.
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'For they believe that if you
drive away the weaver birds,
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'you will drive away
prosperity from the village.
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'And so the birds are left to
strip the leaves from their tree,
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'tear them into long ribbons and sew and weave
them 'into their beautiful, intricate nests.'
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'Our first duty on arriving in the village
'was to pay our respects to the chief.
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'If he gave us his official approval,
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'we could be sure of the help of
the best hunters in the district.
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'The chief came out of
his compound to meet us,
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'followed in procession by
some of his many wives.'
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'Everyone gathered round
to see what he wanted.
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'And we were the objects of
a great deal of curiosity,
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'not entirely unmixed with fear as
far as the children were concerned.'
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'Jack explained that we had come
to collect all sorts of animals,
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'and as we didn't know the African names,
'we carried pictures of the creatures
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we particularly wanted. 'This,
the emerald starling, the chief recognised,
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'though he would insist
on turning it upside down.
145
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'But picathartes, right way up or upside
down, 'didn't mean anything at all to him.
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00:12:29,064 --> 00:12:31,564
'"But did we like snakes?" he said?'
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Jack was great with snakes.
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He would pick up the most poisonous snakes
that local people were terrified of.
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'A Gaboon viper,
just as deadly as the cobras.
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'It was crawling only a few
yards away from our hut.
151
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'It looked sluggish,
but it can strike like lightning.'
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And now its beautiful markings
can be seen in their full glory.
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They provide perfect camouflage when
amongst the leaf litter of the forest floor.
154
00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:11,936
'Our people had found it 'and, like
most of us, they were terrified of it.
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'But when Jack heard of it,
he was delighted and came running,
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'anxious to catch such a handsome snake
'for his reptile house in the zoo.'
157
00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:36,500
A Gaboon viper is a
very formidable thing.
158
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Jack in fact catches it either
at the back of the neck,
159
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or indeed, rather more dangerously,
I think, picking it up by the tail
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and making sure he doesn't get
anywhere near where it can bite you.
161
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And then dropping it in a box or a sack.
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00:13:58,000 --> 00:14:04,000
Of course, 60 years ago, zoos regularly sent
out expeditions to collect live animals.
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00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:10,000
Nobody thought much about
conservation or really considered
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00:14:10,064 --> 00:14:12,936
that animals might be
driven to extinction.
165
00:14:13,000 --> 00:14:16,000
Of course, these days,
you would never dream of doing that.
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00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:21,000
'People started bringing boxes
and cages to us in great numbers.'
167
00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:26,000
'The contents of this box
we wanted very much indeed.
168
00:14:26,064 --> 00:14:30,500
'For sticking her fingers through the
slats 'and scratching anyone who came near
169
00:14:30,564 --> 00:14:33,064
'was a very young baby chimpanzee.'
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00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:41,936
'Within 4 days, we had so won her confidence
that she would run take milk from Jack's lap.
171
00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:44,936
'And from then on, Jane,
as we christened her, was
172
00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:49,000
'the tamest and most affectionate
animal in the collection.'
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00:14:49,064 --> 00:14:54,968
And it was so rewarding because it
almost became one of the family with us.
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00:14:55,032 --> 00:14:58,936
It would put its arms
around us and just hug us.
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'She spent most of her time
climbing about in the trees
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'nearest to whichever hut we
happened to be staying in.'
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In those days, it was quite common for
people to have baby chimpanzees as pets.
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00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:29,468
Jane was quite young, actually,
and I looked after her
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and I became very fond of her.
She was a sweet creature.
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00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:38,000
And Jane became a firm
favourite with viewers at home.
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Again, something you would not
possibly be allowed to do these days
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00:15:46,064 --> 00:15:48,564
and again, quite right.
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00:15:49,000 --> 00:15:54,000
'Jane the chimpanzee was always curious,
'as to see what was going on.
184
00:15:54,064 --> 00:15:59,000
'And insisted on inspecting 'each new
addition to the collection as it arrived.
185
00:15:59,064 --> 00:16:01,564
'Like this little antelope.'
186
00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:14,000
'This young mongoose didn't appreciate her
attentions at all 'and give her a sharp nip.'
187
00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:22,968
As we built up a collection, somebody would have
to look after all these newly-captured animals.
188
00:16:23,032 --> 00:16:27,000
'At our base, Alf Woods,
who came out from the zoo's birdhouse,
189
00:16:27,064 --> 00:16:30,000
'was looking after our
rapidly-growing collection.
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00:16:30,064 --> 00:16:33,000
'This small section
contains our sunbirds.
191
00:16:33,064 --> 00:16:35,500
'They live by sipping
nectar from flowers.
192
00:16:35,564 --> 00:16:39,936
'But in captivity they will feed and
flourish 'on a mixture of honey and water,
193
00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:42,500
'which they sip from these little jars.'
194
00:16:44,436 --> 00:16:46,936
'When a new one is first brought in,
195
00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:49,968
'it has to be shown that the jars
contain something worth eating.
196
00:16:50,032 --> 00:16:54,936
'So Alf always held it in his hand, dipped
its beak into the honey 'and he drinks.
197
00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:58,000
'His threadlike tongue flashing
in and out at an enormous rate.'
198
00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:04,000
The way things got looked after,
it was amazing.
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00:17:04,064 --> 00:17:08,000
And I don't think we
ever lost an animal.
200
00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:16,936
'In this tin, we had two little African
bush rats, 'which were even younger.
201
00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:20,000
'They were so small that they
couldn't tackle solid foods,
202
00:17:20,064 --> 00:17:23,000
'so we fed them with
milk from a pen filler.'
203
00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:34,936
David and Jack,
and in the early days Alfie Woods,
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00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:41,000
knew exactly how to look after everything that
we caught and they were just amazing with them.
205
00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:47,000
'A great difficulty with all these
youngsters is to keep them warm.
206
00:17:47,064 --> 00:17:52,500
'And at first we always put little bottles
of hot water 'inside their tins overnight.
207
00:17:52,564 --> 00:17:55,936
'This young ground squirrel,
'though very weak when he first arrived,
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00:17:56,000 --> 00:18:00,000
'did well under this treatment and
ate vast quantities of palm nuts.'
209
00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:15,500
'Young birds always
had to be fed by hand.'
210
00:18:17,000 --> 00:18:20,000
'This young owl demanded
food every three hours.'
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00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:34,000
But when the team went out to film
animals in the wild, there was a problem.
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00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:39,936
In West Africa in the forest,
it's really very dark.
213
00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:44,936
I remember Charles going in, the first time
he went in, he said, "We can't film here at all."
214
00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:49,000
I said, "What do you mean, not at all?"
There was a bit of a blow.
215
00:18:49,064 --> 00:18:53,000
He said, "There is not enough light. I
said, "Even for black and white negative?"
216
00:18:53,064 --> 00:18:55,936
He said, "No, it's just too dark.
217
00:18:56,000 --> 00:19:01,936
"The only way we can film here to get a
decent picture "is to cut down a tree."
218
00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:04,936
And so that was a bit of a facer,
really.
219
00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:08,968
But when I did realise, I thought
we'd have to think of something
220
00:19:09,032 --> 00:19:13,484
else, so what we decided to do
was we would film birds that were
221
00:19:13,548 --> 00:19:18,000
out in the open, or we would go
into clearings in the forest.
222
00:19:18,064 --> 00:19:22,000
Now, there aren't big animals sitting in
the clearings, but there are small animals.
223
00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:26,968
'We were interested in little animals,
as well as big ones.
224
00:19:27,032 --> 00:19:31,000
'And one of the commonest
insects in Africa is the termite.
225
00:19:31,064 --> 00:19:35,936
'There's more than one sort of individual
termite. 'The most common are the small workers.
226
00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:41,936
'But among them are the soldiers, with
enormously enlarged heads, armed with great jaws
227
00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:44,500
'with which they can give
the most painful bite.'
228
00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:48,968
'Naturally, when the nest is disturbed,
229
00:19:49,032 --> 00:19:51,484
'the soldiers are very
much on the warpath.
230
00:19:51,548 --> 00:19:56,000
'And so cutting a section of their nest
'can become quite a painful business.'
231
00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:05,000
Close-up photography of things
like insects was almost unknown.
232
00:20:05,064 --> 00:20:11,936
Nobody had done this before.
Charles was really very inventive.
233
00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:15,000
He took an ordinary hollow piece
of metal and screwed it on the end
234
00:20:15,064 --> 00:20:20,000
of a lens and so increased
the magnification, as it were.
235
00:20:20,064 --> 00:20:24,000
And he was very,
very ingenious at doing that.
236
00:20:24,064 --> 00:20:30,000
When you get a close-up of a praying
Mantis, they are fascinating in themselves.
237
00:20:30,064 --> 00:20:32,564
It's like magic.
238
00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:43,936
They were very impressive shots.
239
00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:46,936
We noticed that there was
a wasp on the veranda.
240
00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:50,468
And before I could make it out,
Charles was up there and filming it.
241
00:20:50,532 --> 00:20:53,936
There was a male wasp hanging on
the side of the nest, waiting to
242
00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:58,000
grab the female before some other
male grabbed her and fertilised her.
243
00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:02,000
'Once more, another male arrives.'
244
00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:12,968
'Things are now getting tense. 'The
young female continues her struggles
245
00:21:13,032 --> 00:21:15,936
'and hauls herself to
the mouth of the cell.
246
00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:19,936
'And now she's free,
he seizes her and flies off.'
247
00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:23,000
It wasn't what I thought we'd come
to film, if you see what I mean.
248
00:21:23,064 --> 00:21:28,000
But we made a speciality. That's
what we could do, and so we did it.
249
00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:40,000
But the team still hadn't found the subject
of their quest. The elusive picathartes.
250
00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:44,936
'After an hour of cutting a path
through the bush up the hill,
251
00:21:45,000 --> 00:21:49,000
'we at last began to get good views
of the surrounding countryside.'
252
00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:55,936
'No-one in the first village we stayed in
'had recognised our picture of picathartes.
253
00:21:56,000 --> 00:22:01,000
'And we decided to move on through
the bush towards the interior.'
254
00:22:06,000 --> 00:22:09,000
'At last, we reached the next village.'
255
00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:13,468
Very often when we
would come to a village,
256
00:22:13,532 --> 00:22:17,000
it was quite a ceremonial
event for the people.
257
00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:33,936
And they would welcome us,
they would play music,
258
00:22:34,000 --> 00:22:40,000
and usually quite sophisticated,
complicated music to our ears.
259
00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:43,968
I don't think they'd seen
film cameras there before
260
00:22:44,032 --> 00:22:47,000
and they certainly had never
heard themselves recorded.
261
00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:54,936
There was no way of linking sound recording
to film in those days, on 16mm at any rate.
262
00:22:55,000 --> 00:23:02,000
And David used to do the sound.
Not that he had been in any way trained.
263
00:23:02,064 --> 00:23:08,000
It was quarter-inch tape, reel to reel, battery
driven. David took to it like duck to water.
264
00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:12,936
I'd be very careful
in the editing later.
265
00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:17,000
It isn't all that noticeable
that we haven't got sync sound.
266
00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:22,936
A portable tape machine
was quite a new thing.
267
00:23:23,000 --> 00:23:26,000
No-one had seen it in the parts
of Sierra Leone where we were.
268
00:23:26,064 --> 00:23:29,000
So they had no idea what we were doing.
269
00:23:30,000 --> 00:23:32,936
'First to perform for us were
the newly initiated girls
270
00:23:33,000 --> 00:23:37,000
'who had just passed through the
rites of the Bundu secret society.'
271
00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:57,468
'And here, joining the girls in
the dance is the Bundu Devil,
272
00:23:57,532 --> 00:24:01,000
'who presides over the initiation
ceremonies in the sacred bush.'
273
00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:29,000
'A change of music. 'These drums we knew
were used in the dance of the njai society,
274
00:24:29,064 --> 00:24:32,000
'which we had been told we
were not allowed to see.'
275
00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:44,000
'As they sounded,
the devil itself came into the dance.
276
00:24:44,064 --> 00:24:49,000
'A very fearsome magical devil 'that
has the gift of foretelling the future.'
277
00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:25,936
'But we were able to produce some magic of our
own. 'For while the dance had been going on,
278
00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:29,936
'I had been recording the
music on my tape recorder.
279
00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:33,000
'This, of course, was the object
of a great deal of curiosity.
280
00:25:33,064 --> 00:25:38,968
'I always play the recording back 'and let the
singers listen themselves on little earphone.
281
00:25:39,032 --> 00:25:43,000
'Blank astonishment was always
followed by huge grins of delight.'
282
00:25:43,064 --> 00:25:45,936
We tried to explain what we were doing,
but they couldn't understand it.
283
00:25:46,000 --> 00:25:50,000
What we could do was to turn a
switch and then use the microphone,
284
00:25:50,064 --> 00:25:54,000
which was a big thing like that,
and use it as a speaker.
285
00:25:54,064 --> 00:25:57,000
And so we recorded
something with the women
286
00:25:57,064 --> 00:26:00,000
and then I played it to
them through the ear.
287
00:26:00,064 --> 00:26:04,936
And they started off by being sort of
astounded and then suddenly delighted.
288
00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:08,000
They thought it was
absolutely thrilling.
289
00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:28,468
'Meanwhile, Jack was talking
to other members of the village
290
00:26:28,532 --> 00:26:32,936
'and showing our picture of
picathartes to everybody he met.
291
00:26:33,000 --> 00:26:37,000
'This man was the local agricultural
instructor living in the village,
292
00:26:37,064 --> 00:26:41,000
'and to our delight,
he at last recognised the picture.
293
00:26:41,064 --> 00:26:46,000
'The birds he said were not common, 'but he
had seen them in the thicker parts of the bush,
294
00:26:46,064 --> 00:26:48,936
'up in the hills at the
back of the village.
295
00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:53,000
'So it was that the next day,
under his guidance,
296
00:26:53,064 --> 00:26:59,000
'we started off on the journey up the hill, 'on
our way at last to the nests of picathartes.'
297
00:27:01,000 --> 00:27:03,936
The problem with the
picathartes nesting site
298
00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:06,936
was that it was in deep jungle
and it was very, very dark.
299
00:27:07,000 --> 00:27:11,000
And there was simply not enough
light for the colour negative stock
300
00:27:11,064 --> 00:27:15,000
that we were using,
so we had to use black and white.
301
00:27:19,000 --> 00:27:22,968
'We took our places behind the hide
and now came the most tense moment
302
00:27:23,032 --> 00:27:27,000
'of the expedition, the moment for
which we had all waited so long.
303
00:27:27,064 --> 00:27:30,936
'Would we see the adult birds?'
It was a six-part series.
304
00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:37,000
We ended each programme by saying, "But
will we find Picathartes gymnocephalus?
305
00:27:37,064 --> 00:27:39,936
"Tune in next week!"
306
00:27:40,000 --> 00:27:44,000
And I was a bit worried about
whether this would actually
307
00:27:44,064 --> 00:27:48,936
make any impression on anybody.
And actually Charles Lagus and I
308
00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:53,936
were in Charles'
open two-seater sports car and we were
309
00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:57,000
driving along Oxford Street,
which you could do in those days.
310
00:27:57,064 --> 00:28:01,936
And a driver leant out and he said,
"Hello, Dave!
311
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:08,000
"Well, are we or are we not going
to catch Pica bloody thartes?"
312
00:28:08,064 --> 00:28:13,000
So I thought, "Well, maybe the
programmes are beginning to catch on."
313
00:28:13,064 --> 00:28:18,000
'Suddenly, we saw one 'a few yards away in
the twilight of the bush, preening itself.
314
00:28:18,064 --> 00:28:21,936
'This was enormous excitement.
'Then up it fluttered onto the nest.
315
00:28:22,000 --> 00:28:24,936
'And as it did so,
the other parent flew across
316
00:28:25,000 --> 00:28:28,968
'and drove the first one away.
This was a great thrill for us.
317
00:28:29,032 --> 00:28:33,000
'For as this happened, we became
the first Europeans ever to see
318
00:28:33,064 --> 00:28:35,564
'the white-necked
picathartes on its nest.'
319
00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:39,468
It did take several weeks
before we actually found it.
320
00:28:39,532 --> 00:28:43,000
In a childish way,
to film something that nobody had ever
321
00:28:43,064 --> 00:28:47,000
filmed alive before tickled our fancy.
322
00:28:47,064 --> 00:28:49,564
We thought it was fun.
323
00:28:51,000 --> 00:28:57,000
'And eventually we secured a young fledgling.
'Alf Woods offered it a little frog.
324
00:28:57,064 --> 00:29:01,000
'To our delight and relief, 'it accepted
it greedily and asked for more.'
325
00:29:01,064 --> 00:29:08,000
Feeding it alone was a chore. It ate something
like 60 little froglets every three hours.
326
00:29:08,064 --> 00:29:14,000
So not only were we filming, but we
were spending our time catching frogs.
327
00:29:14,064 --> 00:29:17,936
'On that food, it grew and flourished
'and made the long voyage back to England.
328
00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:22,000
'Now it's settled and
thriving in the London Zoo.
329
00:29:22,064 --> 00:29:27,000
'The first white-necked Picathartes
'ever to be brought out of Africa alive.'
330
00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:32,000
The first Zoo Quest programme
went out with Jack Lester
331
00:29:32,064 --> 00:29:34,936
showing the animals,
and I up in the gallery
332
00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:40,000
directing the television cameras,
which is what my job was.
333
00:29:40,064 --> 00:29:46,936
But after that first appearance, Jack
became very ill with a tropical disease.
334
00:29:47,000 --> 00:29:50,000
He was taken to hospital just
after the first programme.
335
00:29:50,064 --> 00:29:52,936
And so the Head of Television said,
336
00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:58,000
"Attenborough, you thought you were director,
"but somebody's got to do the studio."
337
00:29:58,064 --> 00:30:03,936
Nobody else was there, you do it. And it turned
out that he was absolutely brilliant at it.
338
00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:09,000
In fact, he was much better at it
than Jack. He was just a natural.
339
00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:15,000
That is the picture of a very rare bird,
the white-necked picathartes.
340
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:20,468
And he could, particularly in
the earlier ones, he would laugh
341
00:30:20,532 --> 00:30:25,000
at himself because he knew he was
sort of acting for the camera.
342
00:30:25,064 --> 00:30:29,936
One of those Indians taught me how to make the
noise. At least I think I can do it. He goes...
343
00:30:30,000 --> 00:30:35,936
Is that any good, do you think? Ask him!
And that's how he became the narrator.
344
00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:42,000
And became one of the great
natural television broadcasters.
345
00:30:42,064 --> 00:30:45,000
And here he is, the very same one.
346
00:30:45,064 --> 00:30:47,936
The tree anteater or tamandua.
347
00:30:48,000 --> 00:30:51,936
That right, isn't it?
Well, tamandu-a, we call it. Very well.
348
00:30:52,000 --> 00:30:58,936
All television was live, and if you didn't
get it right first time, it was just tough.
349
00:30:59,000 --> 00:31:01,936
Everybody saw you making a mistake.
350
00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:06,000
And from the last... for the last time,
from Dr Matthews, Jack Lester,
351
00:31:06,064 --> 00:31:10,936
Charles Lagus and myself, goodnight.
Zoo Quest was a success.
352
00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:16,000
And I thought, "Right, in that case,
strike while the iron's hot,"
353
00:31:16,064 --> 00:31:20,936
and I immediately suggested that we
should go to somewhere in South America.
354
00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:25,936
And the obvious place to go was British
Guiana, as it then was, and is now Guyana.
355
00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:31,468
And Jack had recovered and so
we set off on our second trip.
356
00:31:31,532 --> 00:31:37,000
This was in 1955, soon after
the first series was broadcast.
357
00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:43,936
There were still areas there where it was
pristine, really. Relatively speaking.
358
00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:48,000
That is the South American
jungle as I first saw it.
359
00:31:48,064 --> 00:31:50,936
We were flying over British Guiana.
360
00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:55,000
That forest below us stretched
unbroken for several hundred miles
361
00:31:55,064 --> 00:32:00,000
up north to the River Orinoco, right down
south to the Amazon and the Mato Grosso.
362
00:32:00,064 --> 00:32:02,936
In fact,
it's one of the largest unexplored,
363
00:32:03,000 --> 00:32:07,000
and as far as I'm concerned,
exciting areas in the world.
364
00:32:12,436 --> 00:32:14,936
'There are three of us in that plane.
365
00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:20,000
'Jack Lester from the London Zoo,
Charles Lagus the cameraman 'and myself.'
366
00:32:26,000 --> 00:32:30,000
'As we came in, we saw for the first
time some of the Akawaio Indians
367
00:32:30,064 --> 00:32:32,936
'with whom we would be
living for the next months.
368
00:32:33,000 --> 00:32:36,000
'Though these particular people were
partly Europeanised, as they lived
369
00:32:36,064 --> 00:32:39,936
'and worked on the government station.
370
00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:44,468
'Our first job was to unload
all our stores from the plane.
371
00:32:44,532 --> 00:32:49,000
'Lenses, cameras, film,
recording gear, cooking pots and pans,
372
00:32:49,064 --> 00:32:54,000
'food, hammocks and all the other things 'we
needed to make us entirely self-sufficient.
373
00:32:54,064 --> 00:32:59,000
'For when the plane left, 'we should lose
our last link with the outside world.
374
00:32:59,064 --> 00:33:05,000
'If we had forgotten to bring something, 'well,
from now on we should have to do without it.'
375
00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:11,936
'Our plan was to travel up the Mazaruni
River 'and explore its tributaries.
376
00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:15,968
'And for transport the district
officer very kindly lent us
377
00:33:16,032 --> 00:33:19,484
'his largest dugout canoe.
And we set off up the river.
378
00:33:19,548 --> 00:33:23,000
'A tunnel of sunshine,
cutting through the jungle.'
379
00:33:27,000 --> 00:33:30,206
'For us,
it was all very exciting 'because at last
380
00:33:30,270 --> 00:33:34,000
we were seeing the South
American jungle close at hand.
381
00:33:34,064 --> 00:33:38,936
'We couldn't expect to see any animals, 'for the
noise of our engine have driven them far away.
382
00:33:39,000 --> 00:33:43,000
'But we were happy enough simply
to sit there and enjoy the ride.'
383
00:33:47,000 --> 00:33:51,000
'Late in the afternoon,
we heard a distant thundering noise
384
00:33:51,064 --> 00:33:55,000
'and we knew that we were
approaching a waterfall.
385
00:33:55,064 --> 00:33:57,564
'After another hour, we reached it.'
386
00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:04,936
'To go further would mean unloading all the
canoes 'and carrying everything above the fall.
387
00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:09,500
'So we decided to camp that night on the
banks. 'While the boys unloaded the canoe,
388
00:34:09,564 --> 00:34:12,064
'Jack Lester and I enjoyed ourselves.'
389
00:34:17,000 --> 00:34:19,936
Filming in Guyana had its problems.
390
00:34:20,000 --> 00:34:26,000
For me, humidity and rain was the
big challenge on the equipment.
391
00:34:26,064 --> 00:34:30,000
How was I going to store all
this stuff without getting wet,
392
00:34:30,064 --> 00:34:34,936
without having mildew and fungus growing
on everything? It was a challenge.
393
00:34:35,000 --> 00:34:39,968
So we had biscuit tins with silica gel,
which absorbs moisture.
394
00:34:40,032 --> 00:34:44,484
So every time we shot something,
we put it in the biscuit tin
395
00:34:44,548 --> 00:34:50,936
and then when the tin was full we sealed it with
camera tape and there it was with silica gel.
396
00:34:51,000 --> 00:34:53,936
You've only got to get a scratch
on a film, something wrong
397
00:34:54,000 --> 00:35:00,000
with the exposures, a hair in the
gate and you've wrecked everything.
398
00:35:00,064 --> 00:35:05,466
We could be away for three or four months,
thinking that we'd got a film
399
00:35:05,530 --> 00:35:08,000
and the rushes come back ruined.
400
00:35:08,064 --> 00:35:12,000
And this really was a
nerve-racking thing to live with.
401
00:35:14,000 --> 00:35:18,000
Despite the tricky conditions,
the team soldiered on.
402
00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:22,000
'The first village we
entered seemed deserted.'
403
00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:29,968
'Then we noticed two tame parrots
on the eaves of one of the huts.
404
00:35:30,032 --> 00:35:33,984
'Whatever else these people were,
they were obviously pet-keepers
405
00:35:34,048 --> 00:35:38,000
'and of course nothing could've
been better from our point of view.'
406
00:35:39,000 --> 00:35:41,936
'Soon, the women emerged from the huts
407
00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:44,936
'and looked at us
silently and impassively.
408
00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:47,936
'But there were no men for,
as we later discovered,
409
00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:51,936
'they were all out in the
forest on a hunting expedition.
410
00:35:52,000 --> 00:35:55,000
'In their absence, the women were
busy with the household chores.
411
00:35:55,064 --> 00:35:57,936
'This young girl is weaving
a bead apron, or mo'sa,
412
00:35:58,000 --> 00:36:02,000
'which traditionally is the only
clothing that the women wear.'
413
00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:07,000
'Two other girls were
busy cutting cassava.'
414
00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:14,936
'Cassava is the plant from whose swollen
starchy roots 'the Indians make their bread.
415
00:36:15,000 --> 00:36:19,000
'As a food, though, it seems to
me to have serious limitations.
416
00:36:19,064 --> 00:36:23,936
'Because its juice contains a deadly
poison. 'Prussic acid, in fact.
417
00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:29,000
'So that before you eat it you must prepare
it very carefully 'to get rid of the poison.'
418
00:36:33,000 --> 00:36:38,000
'First, it is peeled. 'And then the
peeled roots are grated on a board
419
00:36:38,064 --> 00:36:41,000
'studded with small
pieces of sharp stone.'
420
00:36:56,000 --> 00:36:58,936
'But you've still not got
rid of the poisonous juice,
421
00:36:59,000 --> 00:37:03,000
'and to extract that, the Indians
employ an extendable squeezer
422
00:37:03,064 --> 00:37:06,000
'that is a most cunning
piece of basket work.
423
00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:13,000
'As you fill it, 'the weight of the grated
cassava makes it becomes short and fat.'
424
00:37:23,000 --> 00:37:28,000
'When it's quite full, 'it's carried and hung
on the end of one of the rafters of a hut.'
425
00:37:37,000 --> 00:37:40,000
'A pole is stuck through
the loop at the bottom.'
426
00:37:49,000 --> 00:37:52,936
'And then all you have to do is to sit on
it. 'Your weight makes the squeezer stretch,
427
00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:57,468
'so that instead of being short and fat,
it becomes long and thin.
428
00:37:57,532 --> 00:38:02,000
'And the juice, with its prussic acid,
falls out at the bottom.
429
00:38:02,064 --> 00:38:04,936
'Sometimes the Indians
collect this juice
430
00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:08,000
'and use it in making poison
for their blowpipe darts.'
431
00:38:09,000 --> 00:38:14,968
When the cassava is squeezed and the Indians
are satisfied that no more poisonous juice
432
00:38:15,032 --> 00:38:19,000
'in it, it is emptied in dry
pulpy lumps into a wicker basket.'
433
00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:28,000
'Then it's broken up and sifted
into a sort of coarse flour.'
434
00:38:35,000 --> 00:38:38,468
'The actual cooking of the bread was,
to me, fascinating
435
00:38:38,532 --> 00:38:42,000
'because it's done in exactly
the same way as griddle cakes
436
00:38:42,064 --> 00:38:45,936
'and oatcakes are made
in Scotland and Wales.
437
00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:49,968
'It's cooked, in fact, on a circular
bakestone heated over a fire.
438
00:38:50,032 --> 00:38:54,000
'But as in Wales and Scotland,
so in the upper Mazaruni River,
439
00:38:54,064 --> 00:38:57,000
'housewives have a little bad
luck in turning the cakes.'
440
00:39:01,436 --> 00:39:03,936
'When the fat white
circle of cassava bread
441
00:39:04,000 --> 00:39:08,000
'is cooked on both sides, it's put
out on racks to dry in the sun.'
442
00:39:10,000 --> 00:39:12,936
'Having seen the whole
of the cooking process,
443
00:39:13,000 --> 00:39:16,000
'I thought I really ought to
see what the bread tasted like.'
444
00:39:18,000 --> 00:39:22,000
'Courtesy made me pretend that I
enjoyed it, but I can't say I'd like
445
00:39:22,064 --> 00:39:27,000
'to spend the rest of my life 'living
on cassava bread, as the Indians do.'
446
00:39:30,000 --> 00:39:35,000
As the Zoo Quest series continued, it revealed
as much about the local people as the animals.
447
00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:41,000
'The children of the village 'had much
better things to do than to cook.'
448
00:39:43,000 --> 00:39:45,500
'Fishing is much more fun.'
449
00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:53,000
'These two lads, Carlton and Codrice,
'became great friends of ours.'
450
00:39:58,000 --> 00:40:01,968
Of course, they knew the
jungle absolutely backwards.
451
00:40:02,032 --> 00:40:06,000
They took us into the rainforest
and made us feel ashamed
452
00:40:06,064 --> 00:40:08,936
at how little we knew
and how much they knew.
453
00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:13,000
'There were two other pets in
the village, and rather odd ones.
454
00:40:13,064 --> 00:40:17,936
'Capybara. 'They are not related
to pigs as you might think,
455
00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:21,000
'but belong to the family
that includes rats and mice.
456
00:40:21,064 --> 00:40:25,968
'The rodent family. 'They are, in fact,
the largest rodents in the world.
457
00:40:26,032 --> 00:40:29,000
'And, when fully grown,
they can be three feet long.'
458
00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:37,936
'These two were comparatively young ones.
'They had been reared from tiny babies
459
00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:41,968
'by the grandmother of our two friends,
Carlton and Codrice.
460
00:40:42,032 --> 00:40:45,984
'They had never quite forgotten
their childish habit of suckling
461
00:40:46,048 --> 00:40:53,000
'and were prepared to suck anything that
was offered to them, 'including my finger.'
462
00:40:58,000 --> 00:41:00,936
'Nevertheless,
they were fully equipped with
463
00:41:01,000 --> 00:41:04,000
'the long front incisor
teeth of the rodent family.'
464
00:41:06,000 --> 00:41:12,936
And they ate bushels and bushels of grass.'
They were very much village pets, actually.
465
00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:17,468
And although people ate capybaras,
in order that nobody else would kill
466
00:41:17,532 --> 00:41:21,234
these village pets which had been
reared since they were very young,
467
00:41:21,298 --> 00:41:25,000
they put red patches of paint on
them so that they were identifiable.
468
00:41:26,000 --> 00:41:31,968
'The oddest thing about them 'is that they
are really amphibious animals and in the wild
469
00:41:32,032 --> 00:41:36,000
'they spend a great deal of their
time swimming in the rivers.
470
00:41:36,064 --> 00:41:39,000
'There are two clues to
this habit of theirs.
471
00:41:39,064 --> 00:41:42,936
'The first is that 'their eyes and
nostrils are placed very high on the head,
472
00:41:43,000 --> 00:41:47,000
'so that like the crocodile and the
hippopotamus, they can lie submerged
473
00:41:47,064 --> 00:41:50,000
'in the river with just their
eyes and nostrils out of water.
474
00:41:50,064 --> 00:41:53,000
'And the second is that
their feet are webbed.
475
00:41:53,064 --> 00:41:56,000
'We were very anxious
to film them swimming.
476
00:41:56,064 --> 00:42:01,000
'And for a long time, 'I tried to persuade them
to go down into the river. But they wouldn't.'
477
00:42:02,000 --> 00:42:07,000
And Jack's big thing was these are
supposed to be aquatic animals.
478
00:42:07,064 --> 00:42:11,000
"Why don't they ever go in the water? "I
want to see film of them in the water."
479
00:42:11,064 --> 00:42:16,000
So I wanted to show this, but the wretched
things wouldn't go into the river.
480
00:42:16,064 --> 00:42:21,000
'And then early one morning, 'Carlton and
Codrice ran down to the river for a swim.'
481
00:42:22,634 --> 00:42:25,134
They just jumped into the river.
482
00:42:25,198 --> 00:42:31,032
Of course these capybara, which were semi-tame,
followed them and jumped in the river too.
483
00:42:31,096 --> 00:42:35,936
And we got lovely film of the boys
playing with the capybaras in the river.
484
00:42:36,000 --> 00:42:38,968
'And we discovered that
not only were the two boys
485
00:42:39,032 --> 00:42:42,000
and their grandmother's
capybara habitual playmates,
486
00:42:42,064 --> 00:42:47,000
'but that the pets would, in fact, 'never
go into the water without the boys.'
487
00:42:58,000 --> 00:43:03,000
'I certainly wouldn't like to have said
which of them 'were the better swimmers.'
488
00:43:14,968 --> 00:43:17,468
And it wasn't only Carlton and Codrice
489
00:43:17,532 --> 00:43:20,032
who enjoyed swimming in the river.
490
00:43:39,000 --> 00:43:43,000
After their swim, there was another
skill the boys wanted to show off.
491
00:43:44,000 --> 00:43:48,000
'And our two friends, Carlton and
Codrice, give us a short exhibition
492
00:43:48,064 --> 00:43:52,000
'of blowpipe practice,
using a small pineapple as a target.'
493
00:44:10,000 --> 00:44:16,000
Both the little boys
loaded these blowpipes...
494
00:44:16,064 --> 00:44:20,936
and you look along the top.
And they went...
495
00:44:21,000 --> 00:44:25,000
And sometimes they missed,
but mostly they were pretty accurate.
496
00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:35,936
After spending several
weeks in the Mazaruni basin,
497
00:44:36,000 --> 00:44:38,999
the team continued their
search throughout Guyana
498
00:44:39,063 --> 00:44:42,000
for animals that had never been filmed before.
499
00:45:22,000 --> 00:45:25,000
'Besides egrets, there were
also other birds. Blue herons.'
500
00:45:27,000 --> 00:45:30,936
'And here on the top of a
tree a snail-eating hawk,
501
00:45:31,000 --> 00:45:35,000
'living up to its name by actually
eating a snail as we watched.'
502
00:45:37,000 --> 00:45:41,000
One of the most interesting
things as far as I was concerned
503
00:45:41,064 --> 00:45:45,000
was a bird called a hoatzin,
which lived in the coastal swamps.
504
00:45:47,000 --> 00:45:50,936
It had claws on the front of its wings.
505
00:45:51,000 --> 00:45:54,936
And birds as a whole are
thought to have been derived
506
00:45:55,000 --> 00:45:59,000
from four-legged creatures,
perhaps a branch of the dinosaur group.
507
00:46:01,000 --> 00:46:06,000
So, in a way, that gave you an
insight into what the early birds
508
00:46:06,064 --> 00:46:09,500
with claws on their front legs,
their wings,
509
00:46:09,564 --> 00:46:13,000
were like as they climbed
around in the trees.
510
00:46:16,000 --> 00:46:20,000
It was the first film of hoatzin
ever taken, as far as I know.
511
00:46:25,000 --> 00:46:28,936
The next destination for David
and the team was the savanna
512
00:46:29,000 --> 00:46:34,000
of South Guyana, but the journey
was not entirely plain sailing.
513
00:46:34,064 --> 00:46:36,936
Some of the transport,
when we were lucky,
514
00:46:37,000 --> 00:46:42,468
was a little seaplane
driven by a wonderful pilot.
515
00:46:42,532 --> 00:46:49,436
He must have been ex-air force or something
like that, because he was just brilliant.
516
00:46:50,000 --> 00:46:56,000
And we had to take off on a
fairly short-ish stretch of river
517
00:46:56,064 --> 00:47:01,000
which finished in very
tall jungly trees.
518
00:47:01,064 --> 00:47:04,000
In it we had Jack Lester, me, David
519
00:47:04,064 --> 00:47:06,936
and a mass of equipment.
520
00:47:07,000 --> 00:47:09,936
It looked awfully overloaded to me.
521
00:47:10,000 --> 00:47:13,000
And Colonel Williams said,
"Don't worry, lads."
522
00:47:13,064 --> 00:47:16,000
He said, "I've done this before."
523
00:47:16,064 --> 00:47:18,936
And the engines started.
524
00:47:19,000 --> 00:47:21,936
He put absolutely full boost on.
525
00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:27,000
And we roared down this stretch of
river. And we got faster and faster.
526
00:47:35,000 --> 00:47:38,000
And suddenly I could see the
trees coming closer and closer
527
00:47:38,064 --> 00:47:40,936
and closer and closer.
He was going straight...
528
00:47:41,000 --> 00:47:44,000
I was convinced we were going
to go straight into them.
529
00:47:44,064 --> 00:47:48,573
When suddenly when they were just very close,
he suddenly put his arm around the controls
530
00:47:48,637 --> 00:47:52,936
and leant back like this.
The plane went up into the sky.
531
00:47:53,000 --> 00:47:56,000
While he was doing that, he started
fumbling. I said, "Are you OK?"
532
00:47:56,064 --> 00:47:59,000
He said, "Yeah, I need my bifocals."
533
00:47:59,064 --> 00:48:02,000
He changed his glasses.
And we just made it.
534
00:48:21,000 --> 00:48:24,000
After what was certainly
an interesting flight,
535
00:48:24,064 --> 00:48:26,936
they finally arrived
at their destination.
536
00:48:27,000 --> 00:48:31,000
The wide Savanna in the
south-west. The Rupununi.
537
00:48:34,000 --> 00:48:37,000
Here they met up with
ranch owner Teddy Melville.
538
00:48:38,436 --> 00:48:40,936
'He took us up to a
remote part of his ranch,
539
00:48:41,000 --> 00:48:45,000
'where he said he had heard
reports of a large anaconda snake.'
540
00:48:50,000 --> 00:48:55,000
'The savannas were littered with giant
termite hills, 'standing like tombstones.'
541
00:48:58,000 --> 00:49:02,936
'Teddy took us down to a thicket in a swamp
'where the snake was supposed to lurk.
542
00:49:03,000 --> 00:49:06,468
'But instead of finding signs of
an anaconda, Teddy's sharp eye
543
00:49:06,532 --> 00:49:09,734
'immediately picked out the
footprints of a giant anteater.'
544
00:49:09,798 --> 00:49:13,000
The big thing was whether we
could get a giant anteater.
545
00:49:13,064 --> 00:49:15,936
So we had a go at it.
546
00:49:16,000 --> 00:49:19,000
In a rather extraordinary way.
547
00:49:19,064 --> 00:49:22,936
Amateur ham-fisted way.
'While we were looking at them,
548
00:49:23,000 --> 00:49:26,000
'there was a rustle on the other
side of the thicket. We looked up.'
549
00:49:28,000 --> 00:49:31,000
'And there was the anteater itself
galloping across the savannas.
550
00:49:31,064 --> 00:49:34,000
'Without thinking how we were
actually going to catch it,
551
00:49:34,064 --> 00:49:36,564
'Jack and I set off wildly in pursuit.'
552
00:49:42,000 --> 00:49:45,468
And I ran after it.
What I was going to do, I can't imagine.
553
00:49:45,532 --> 00:49:49,000
But I actually tried to slow
it down by catching its tail.
554
00:49:49,064 --> 00:49:54,000
But when it turned round and had a look at me, I
decided that was as far as I was going to take this.
555
00:49:59,000 --> 00:50:02,936
Giant anteaters have these
huge powerful forelegs
556
00:50:03,000 --> 00:50:08,000
with enormous great claws on them,
which they rip open termite hills.
557
00:50:08,064 --> 00:50:13,000
And the one thing to avoid was the embrace
of the giant anteater because it was lethal.
558
00:50:24,000 --> 00:50:28,000
The local rancher who was helping
us lassoed it, poor old thing.
559
00:50:34,000 --> 00:50:38,468
And we captured it.
Jack had got it for the zoo.
560
00:50:38,532 --> 00:50:43,000
And it did very well.
Lived for quite a long time.
561
00:50:48,000 --> 00:50:53,000
With all the animals collected, the expedition
in South America had come to an end.
562
00:50:55,000 --> 00:50:58,000
But sadly,
Jack Lester took a turn for the worse.
563
00:51:02,000 --> 00:51:07,968
Jack suddenly collapsed again.
And he had to be flown home urgently.
564
00:51:08,032 --> 00:51:11,936
And the expedition then came to an end.
565
00:51:12,000 --> 00:51:15,468
It turned out that they
didn't know what it was.
566
00:51:15,532 --> 00:51:18,936
I'm very sorry to say that
Jack has been very ill.
567
00:51:19,000 --> 00:51:24,000
It started halfway to the expedition
and he's still in hospital.
568
00:51:24,064 --> 00:51:28,000
I think he's probably looking in and
we all wish him a very speedy recovery.
569
00:51:28,064 --> 00:51:30,936
When we came back, he was in hospital.
570
00:51:31,000 --> 00:51:35,000
So there was no question
of him taking part.
571
00:51:35,064 --> 00:51:41,000
And in fact, he never really recovered.
And he died a few months later.
572
00:51:51,000 --> 00:51:55,000
The Guyana series was another
big hit with the British public.
573
00:51:55,064 --> 00:51:57,633
Keen to keep Zoo Quest as a regular event,
574
00:51:57,697 --> 00:52:01,000
it was time for David to
choose the next destination.
575
00:52:06,968 --> 00:52:09,468
We'd done Africa,
we'd done South America,
576
00:52:09,532 --> 00:52:11,936
and the Far East would
be the obvious place.
577
00:52:12,000 --> 00:52:15,968
And I had read about giant
lizards which the press had called
578
00:52:16,032 --> 00:52:19,984
dragons, which lived on a very
small island in the middle
579
00:52:20,048 --> 00:52:24,000
of the Indonesian archipelago,
in a place called Komodo.
580
00:52:25,000 --> 00:52:28,468
Well, having found it on the map,
we then had to try and get there.
581
00:52:28,532 --> 00:52:32,734
But nobody in London could give us
any idea as to how we could do so.
582
00:52:32,798 --> 00:52:37,000
So Charles and I decided the thing
to do would be to fly to Singapore
583
00:52:37,064 --> 00:52:39,936
and then somehow,
in some way or another, make our way
584
00:52:40,000 --> 00:52:44,000
slowly southwards and eastwards
through these islands to Komodo.
585
00:52:44,064 --> 00:52:46,936
And the first place we
decided to go to was the mouth
586
00:52:47,000 --> 00:52:51,000
of the Mahakam River, which goes
right into the heart of Borneo.
587
00:52:55,000 --> 00:53:01,000
'Everyone had told us that the river
'was infested with man-eating crocodiles.
588
00:53:01,064 --> 00:53:04,936
'But it wasn't until one morning
'three weeks after our arrival in Borneo
589
00:53:05,000 --> 00:53:08,468
'when I was looking for frogs
that were whistling and chirping
590
00:53:08,532 --> 00:53:12,000
'in the swamps fringing the river bank,
that I actually saw one.'
591
00:53:18,000 --> 00:53:23,000
'And it was no ordinary one either, 'but the
variety with the long thin nose. The gavial.'
592
00:53:28,000 --> 00:53:31,000
The only problem with it was it
was tiny. I mean, it was a baby.
593
00:53:31,064 --> 00:53:35,000
So I had the idea that we would
make a kind of joke of it.
594
00:53:35,064 --> 00:53:41,000
And that we would film it all in close-up
and then I'd film myself taking off my shirt,
595
00:53:41,064 --> 00:53:46,000
and we hoped the audience would say, "He's
not going to tackle that huge thing, is he?!"
596
00:53:52,000 --> 00:53:59,000
And only when I jumped on it would the
people realise that it was just a tiny thing.
597
00:54:03,000 --> 00:54:07,000
'As you can see, no-one could class
this little baby as a man-eater,
598
00:54:07,064 --> 00:54:11,936
'even though he had got quite a bite.' We
shot it that way and edited it that way.
599
00:54:12,000 --> 00:54:16,000
But as far as I could see,
nobody ever saw the joke.
600
00:54:28,000 --> 00:54:30,968
Happily, we had met a very
nice English-speaking Dutchman
601
00:54:31,032 --> 00:54:34,000
called Daan Joubert who acted
as an interpreter for us.
602
00:54:36,000 --> 00:54:40,936
'The village itself, like all Dayak villages,
'consisted only of a single long house,
603
00:54:41,000 --> 00:54:45,000
'which stretched for several
hundred yards along the river bank.
604
00:54:45,064 --> 00:54:49,000
'The people who watched us
from the galleries of the house
605
00:54:49,064 --> 00:54:51,936
'seemed to be very different 'from
those we had met lower down the river.
606
00:54:52,000 --> 00:54:55,468
'The head man was on his
way into the forest to hunt.
607
00:54:55,532 --> 00:54:59,000
'He showed us his stout blowpipe
tipped with a spearhead,
608
00:54:59,064 --> 00:55:02,000
'which he said was very
useful for stabbing.'
609
00:55:05,000 --> 00:55:08,968
'And his hat, which was very
light and woven from palm leaves.
610
00:55:09,032 --> 00:55:13,000
'We both bought and wore ones
like it later on and found them
611
00:55:13,064 --> 00:55:17,000
'to be ideal headwear for the Tropics.
Cool and shady.'
612
00:55:18,436 --> 00:55:20,936
'He never carried a gun, he told us,
613
00:55:21,000 --> 00:55:25,000
'but relied on his parang -
a crude and heavy Dayak bush knife.'
614
00:55:27,000 --> 00:55:32,936
'He said that we would be very welcome to stay
in the village 'for as long as we wished.'
615
00:55:33,000 --> 00:55:36,936
The long house never went to sleep. There
was always somebody trundling about.
616
00:55:37,000 --> 00:55:39,936
So all the time you were
going up and down like this.
617
00:55:40,000 --> 00:55:44,000
And down on the ground there
were pigs and there were chickens
618
00:55:44,064 --> 00:55:47,936
and they were moving around all night.
619
00:55:48,000 --> 00:55:50,968
And on top of that there
were some people chanting.
620
00:55:51,032 --> 00:55:53,936
And I don't think I slept
at all the first night.
621
00:55:54,000 --> 00:55:57,000
In the morning, I said,
"What was all the chanting about?"
622
00:55:57,064 --> 00:56:02,936
And they said, "They were chanting "because
some important people have recently died.
623
00:56:03,000 --> 00:56:07,936
"It's a funeral chant."
I said, "Really? Where are the bodies?"
624
00:56:08,000 --> 00:56:14,000
He said, "Didn't you notice them?
They were just alongside you there."
625
00:56:14,064 --> 00:56:16,936
"Oh!" I said, "I didn't realise."
626
00:56:17,000 --> 00:56:20,000
But, no,
it was a communal life all right.
627
00:56:20,064 --> 00:56:26,000
And they were lovely people. And one of
them found a little baby bear. A cub.
628
00:56:27,000 --> 00:56:29,936
'The little cub was
obviously very young.
629
00:56:30,000 --> 00:56:34,468
'I reckoned about two weeks old.
He seemed to be in good condition,
630
00:56:34,532 --> 00:56:39,000
'but he hadn't got any teeth and
obviously was still feeding on milk.
631
00:56:39,064 --> 00:56:43,180
'We had got a baby's bottle on board,
'ready for such a case as this,
632
00:56:43,244 --> 00:56:47,936
but I wondered whether he was
'yet old enough for us to be able to rear him.
633
00:56:48,000 --> 00:56:55,000
'First, however, he had to be put in a box
and covered up, 'so that he kept warm.'
634
00:56:57,000 --> 00:57:00,000
'As soon as the sun went down,
it gets quite cold on that river,
635
00:57:00,064 --> 00:57:03,000
'and we didn't want to risk
our new pet catching a chill.'
636
00:57:08,000 --> 00:57:11,000
'And then I had to set about
the urgent job of making
637
00:57:11,064 --> 00:57:14,000
'a bottle of dilute condensed milk.
638
00:57:14,064 --> 00:57:18,000
'Urgent because the little cub 'was already
calling very loudly indeed for his food.'
639
00:57:23,000 --> 00:57:26,000
'The milk seemed to be about
the right temperature.'
640
00:57:31,000 --> 00:57:36,000
'And, to my relief, the young cub
was soon guzzling away contentedly.'
641
00:57:45,000 --> 00:57:49,936
And here he is. Twice as large,
I should say, but still just as hungry.
642
00:57:50,000 --> 00:57:54,697
And still making this extraordinary little
noise which he used to make out there in Borneo.
643
00:57:54,761 --> 00:57:58,936
Oh, Benjamin! He's grown
considerably since we had him.
644
00:57:59,000 --> 00:58:01,936
The cameraman who took all
those pictures is here.
645
00:58:02,000 --> 00:58:06,000
And Charles has had him in his
flat ever since we came back.
646
00:58:06,064 --> 00:58:10,936
Has he caused any trouble, Charles?
Well, he's fairly destructive.
647
00:58:11,000 --> 00:58:17,000
He likes to eat the lino, newspapers,
telephone directories, almost everything.
648
00:58:17,436 --> 00:58:19,936
Benjamin became known
as the Zoo Quest Bear
649
00:58:20,000 --> 00:58:24,000
and I even wrote a little book
about him. He was charming.
650
00:58:25,000 --> 00:58:27,500
Very nice.
651
00:58:29,000 --> 00:58:31,936
Well, you're very sweet.
What about his teeth?
652
00:58:32,000 --> 00:58:35,000
Have you had a bite from him?
Yes, he draws blood regularly now.
653
00:58:35,064 --> 00:58:38,500
When he misses the bottle
and gets your finger instead.
654
00:58:38,564 --> 00:58:41,936
In that case,
I think when you've finished, Benjamin,
655
00:58:42,000 --> 00:58:45,000
we'll let him go back to your
flat and draw a little more blood!
656
00:58:47,000 --> 00:58:50,936
Benjamin had very bent little feet.
657
00:58:51,000 --> 00:58:54,936
And I took it for a
walk on a little collar
658
00:58:55,000 --> 00:59:01,000
and a woman appeared from the
distance shaking her umbrella at me
659
00:59:01,064 --> 00:59:04,936
and said,
"Can't you see your dog's got rickets?"
660
00:59:05,000 --> 00:59:09,000
And then she looked at it and said,
"Ooh, it's a bear."
661
00:59:09,064 --> 00:59:11,564
And she ran off in the
opposite direction!
662
00:59:16,000 --> 00:59:20,552
After Borneo, David and Charles
travelled eastwards across Java,
663
00:59:20,616 --> 00:59:23,116
the next island on their quest.
664
00:59:34,000 --> 00:59:37,000
'On our way through Java,
we passed many beautiful buildings.'
665
00:59:39,000 --> 00:59:45,000
'But we saw none more lovely 'than the
beautiful Buddhist temple of Borobudur,
666
00:59:45,064 --> 00:59:48,000
'which was built over 1,000 years ago.'
667
00:59:52,000 --> 00:59:57,936
'It rises tier up on tier,
shrine upon shrine,
668
00:59:58,000 --> 01:00:02,000
'until at the top there is
one final gigantic monument.'
669
01:00:10,000 --> 01:00:15,000
'But Java is a country not only
of temples, but of volcanoes.
670
01:00:15,064 --> 01:00:19,000
'And our route eastwards 'took us
past the still-active crater of Bromo.
671
01:00:23,000 --> 01:00:27,936
'The Jeep couldn't take us up the mountain,
'so in the early dawn one morning,
672
01:00:28,000 --> 01:00:31,000
'we met some hillmen
and hired some ponies.
673
01:00:37,000 --> 01:00:41,936
'By midday, the volcano collects
a blanket of cloud above it,
674
01:00:42,000 --> 01:00:46,000
'but now, at five o'clock in the
morning, it was still quite clear.
675
01:00:51,000 --> 01:00:56,000
'To get to the crater,
we had to descend on to a great plain,
676
01:00:56,064 --> 01:00:59,000
'a sea of sand which
surrounds the central cone.
677
01:01:11,000 --> 01:01:16,000
'Now, the ground steepened and we had to
leave the horses 'and continue on foot.'
678
01:01:27,000 --> 01:01:29,936
'Looking down into the
depths of the crater,
679
01:01:30,000 --> 01:01:33,468
'it seemed easy enough to clamber
right down to that central vent.
680
01:01:33,532 --> 01:01:37,000
'But our guides would go no further,
for they said that the crater was
681
01:01:37,064 --> 01:01:40,936
'full of invisible pockets of poison gas
682
01:01:41,000 --> 01:01:44,000
'and that people who had gone
farther down had never returned.
683
01:01:45,000 --> 01:01:49,000
'Even from where we were standing,
the air was full of choking,
684
01:01:49,064 --> 01:01:52,936
'sulphurous fumes and the
ground beneath our feet shook
685
01:01:53,000 --> 01:01:57,000
'as the clouds of poisonous
smoke belched out from the vent.
686
01:01:57,064 --> 01:02:01,000
'It's down there that
sacrifices are thrown every year
687
01:02:01,064 --> 01:02:03,936
'to placate the god of the volcano.
688
01:02:04,000 --> 01:02:07,936
'These days, only chickens,
cloth and money.
689
01:02:08,000 --> 01:02:12,000
'But in olden times,
the sacrifice was a human one.
690
01:02:22,000 --> 01:02:29,000
'We left the volcano with the clouds gathering
in a shroud above it 'and continued on our way.
691
01:02:31,000 --> 01:02:37,000
'And the next day, we reached the southern
coast of Java 'and the sea, the Indian Ocean.'
692
01:02:56,000 --> 01:03:00,000
Very often, we slept on the beaches,
which are wonderful places.
693
01:03:03,000 --> 01:03:07,000
It was very lucky that Charles
and I got on so well together.
694
01:03:07,064 --> 01:03:11,000
I certainly look on back with my
friendship with him with great pleasure.
695
01:03:12,000 --> 01:03:17,000
I don't know why we hit it off.
We hit it off from day one.
696
01:03:19,000 --> 01:03:21,936
I don't think we ever had a cross word.
697
01:03:22,000 --> 01:03:26,968
I don't think we ever worried
about each other's problems.
698
01:03:27,032 --> 01:03:34,000
I knew he could cope with what he was doing and
he relied, hopefully, on everything I was doing.
699
01:03:36,000 --> 01:03:40,000
The next day, they set off inland.
700
01:03:45,000 --> 01:03:51,000
In Jack Lester's absence, David had to take on
the role of catching animals, including snakes.
701
01:03:53,000 --> 01:03:57,000
'It looked enormous,
and from its size and markings,
702
01:03:57,064 --> 01:03:59,936
'I was quite sure that it was a python
703
01:04:00,000 --> 01:04:03,968
'and therefore, non-poisonous,
which was something of a relief.'
704
01:04:04,032 --> 01:04:07,936
So, I thought, "Oh, this is the moment!"
Nothing frightened,
705
01:04:08,000 --> 01:04:13,000
I skipped up the tree and took out
my trusty cutlass and I thought,
706
01:04:13,064 --> 01:04:18,000
"I won't grapple with the snake up in
the tree, "I'll cut the branch down."
707
01:04:42,000 --> 01:04:46,000
The branch came down and
I nipped down the tree
708
01:04:46,064 --> 01:04:49,000
and then had to face the python.
709
01:04:52,000 --> 01:04:55,936
So I tried to remember what
I'd learnt in West Africa.
710
01:04:56,000 --> 01:05:00,936
I picked up a sack and tried to throw it over
the animal's head, very inexpertly, I must say.
711
01:05:01,000 --> 01:05:05,000
It went nowhere near the head!
But I was quite nervous, after all.
712
01:05:12,000 --> 01:05:18,000
But eventually, I managed to throw it over
the animal's head and grasp it by the neck.
713
01:05:19,000 --> 01:05:22,000
'It's important to grab his tail
as soon as you grab his head,
714
01:05:22,064 --> 01:05:27,000
'otherwise he'll wrap his great coils around
you 'and give you a very nasty squeeze.
715
01:05:32,000 --> 01:05:37,000
'And here he is in the studio. 'The
python is not a poisonous snake at all,
716
01:05:37,064 --> 01:05:39,936
'it kills its prey by squeezing it.'
717
01:05:40,000 --> 01:05:46,000
Of course, my expertise as an animal
handler, a zoo man, as it were,
718
01:05:46,064 --> 01:05:50,000
was exposed rather painfully
every now and again on television.
719
01:05:50,064 --> 01:05:54,000
Well, helping me...
Helping me control...
720
01:05:54,064 --> 01:05:58,936
..this python is Mr Langwarne from
the reptile house in the London Zoo.
721
01:05:59,000 --> 01:06:03,000
I'm pretending to be very
accomplished and expert about snakes
722
01:06:03,064 --> 01:06:08,000
in front of Mr Langwarne, who was
the head keeper of the reptile house.
723
01:06:08,064 --> 01:06:12,468
He's quite a handful now, isn't he? You
could quite imagine how these powerful coils
724
01:06:12,532 --> 01:06:14,936
could really give you quite a crush.
Oh, yes.
725
01:06:15,000 --> 01:06:19,936
He was very charitable towards my attempts
at trying to control this wretched snake.
726
01:06:20,000 --> 01:06:23,936
He's doing... Well, it's a very good
example of how he constricts his food.
727
01:06:24,000 --> 01:06:26,936
Shall I just show you,
or will you lose your hand?
728
01:06:27,000 --> 01:06:30,000
No, I don't think so.
You'll be able to get out eventually.
729
01:06:30,064 --> 01:06:33,000
Well, I think we'll untie you later.
Thank you very much for coming.
730
01:06:43,000 --> 01:06:48,000
After leaving Java, the team continued
their journey east onto Bali.
731
01:07:05,000 --> 01:07:08,000
A few minutes of travel
was enough to show us
732
01:07:08,064 --> 01:07:11,936
that in coming to the island of Bali,
we had come to a different world.
733
01:07:12,000 --> 01:07:15,000
There were high mud
walls round the houses,
734
01:07:15,064 --> 01:07:20,936
which we'd never seen in Java.
The people looked quite different.
735
01:07:21,000 --> 01:07:25,533
And as we travelled along the grassy tracks,
we passed through the terraced rice fields
736
01:07:25,597 --> 01:07:28,097
for which Bali is famous.
737
01:07:56,000 --> 01:07:58,936
It was an intoxicating place,
738
01:07:59,000 --> 01:08:04,000
because it was, er...full of beauty.
739
01:08:14,000 --> 01:08:19,000
But above all, we were impressed
by the great number of temples.
740
01:08:19,064 --> 01:08:22,534
There were temples everywhere,
and all were decorated
741
01:08:22,598 --> 01:08:25,098
with a wealth of intricate carvings.
742
01:08:27,000 --> 01:08:30,000
This one lay in the
centre of a small forest.
743
01:08:33,000 --> 01:08:36,936
Many Balinese temples are
sacred to a particular animal,
744
01:08:37,000 --> 01:08:41,468
and the courtyard of this one was
haunted by a troop of monkeys,
745
01:08:41,532 --> 01:08:46,000
ever-hungry to snatch food from
worshippers who came to the temple.
746
01:08:48,000 --> 01:08:50,936
It was a real joy to meet
these bold creatures,
747
01:08:51,000 --> 01:08:54,000
even if they did do their best
to steal things from my pocket.
748
01:09:06,000 --> 01:09:09,936
When they are grooming one another,
they're not simply looking for fleas,
749
01:09:10,000 --> 01:09:14,000
but are searching one another's skin
for tasty little grains of salt.
750
01:09:25,000 --> 01:09:29,340
We had a problem.
When we changed film quickly on the camera,
751
01:09:29,404 --> 01:09:31,936
normally you'd have a clapperboard.
752
01:09:32,000 --> 01:09:35,000
We didn't have clapperboards,
so we weren't running in sync.
753
01:09:35,064 --> 01:09:40,000
So David invented a clever system -
raffle tickets!
754
01:09:40,064 --> 01:09:43,936
He would always have them in his pocket,
755
01:09:44,000 --> 01:09:46,968
and when we changed a reel,
he'd fish it out,
756
01:09:47,032 --> 01:09:50,000
and he'd just hold it up
in front of the camera
757
01:09:50,064 --> 01:09:52,936
and stick it on the camera film,
758
01:09:53,000 --> 01:09:56,000
and that was our way
of pre-editing the film
759
01:09:56,064 --> 01:09:59,000
and knowing what was on what.
760
01:10:02,000 --> 01:10:04,936
The whole business of
60mm film at the time,
761
01:10:05,000 --> 01:10:09,000
we didn't have any code of
behaviour or any expertise, really.
762
01:10:09,064 --> 01:10:12,000
We just did it the way
we thought was sensible.
763
01:10:12,064 --> 01:10:18,936
It was clockwork-driven and you had
40 seconds of film before it ran out.
764
01:10:19,000 --> 01:10:24,000
Then you had to stop and wind it up
again. And it only took 100ft reels.
765
01:10:24,064 --> 01:10:26,936
That's two minutes 40 in 60mm.
766
01:10:27,000 --> 01:10:30,936
So, this is quite a handicap
when you're filming.
767
01:10:31,000 --> 01:10:37,000
Especially when filming complex
sequences, like a village festival.
768
01:10:56,000 --> 01:10:59,936
The music of Bali is
particularly beautiful,
769
01:11:00,000 --> 01:11:04,000
the gamelan music,
and of the most brilliant kind.
770
01:11:10,000 --> 01:11:16,936
The gamelan plays and rehearses every
night, every night in the village.
771
01:11:17,000 --> 01:11:20,936
'These young girls are
only eight years old
772
01:11:21,000 --> 01:11:25,000
'and they've been training to
perform this beautiful temple dance,
773
01:11:25,064 --> 01:11:27,936
'the Legong, since they were six.
774
01:11:28,000 --> 01:11:32,936
'They wear on their heads
crowns of leather and gold leaf,
775
01:11:33,000 --> 01:11:37,000
'decorated with the ivory coloured
blossoms of the frangipani tree.'
776
01:12:13,000 --> 01:12:15,936
While Charles filmed it,
I recorded the music
777
01:12:16,000 --> 01:12:20,000
and I think Bali's gamelan music
was heard for the first time
778
01:12:20,064 --> 01:12:23,000
by millions of people in Britain.
779
01:12:30,000 --> 01:12:33,000
The Balinese are not
only great sculptors
780
01:12:33,064 --> 01:12:36,936
and instrumental musicians,
but they are also great actors
781
01:12:37,000 --> 01:12:44,000
and they're continually re-enacting
the stories from the Ramayana
782
01:12:44,064 --> 01:12:48,000
and from the Balinese version
of some of the Hindu legends.
783
01:12:49,000 --> 01:12:54,000
'Now begins the masked play.
A demon descends the temple steps.'
784
01:13:18,000 --> 01:13:20,936
It's a deeply religious thing.
785
01:13:21,000 --> 01:13:25,936
The villagers watch this enactment of
the story again and again and again.
786
01:13:26,000 --> 01:13:31,936
One of the great epics is there's
a battle between the evil,
787
01:13:32,000 --> 01:13:37,000
which is represented by a horrifying
witch, who has a long tongue
788
01:13:37,064 --> 01:13:42,000
and huge long fingernails
and is a terrifying figure.
789
01:13:42,064 --> 01:13:45,000
'Rangda, the dreaded evil witch.'
790
01:13:57,000 --> 01:14:01,000
Who then attacks a very friendly
mythical creature called Barong.
791
01:14:03,000 --> 01:14:07,000
'And now comes the superb Barong,
the mythical monster which lives
792
01:14:07,064 --> 01:14:09,500
'in the temple and is the guardian
793
01:14:09,564 --> 01:14:12,064
'of the village and of its graveyard.'
794
01:14:16,000 --> 01:14:19,968
And the battle between Rangda and
the Barong is one of the great
795
01:14:20,032 --> 01:14:24,000
dramas that is enacted by these
rituals which go on every day.
796
01:14:24,064 --> 01:14:26,564
'And now begins the fight.
797
01:14:33,000 --> 01:14:35,936
'The men from the village,
in a state of trance,
798
01:14:36,000 --> 01:14:41,936
'rush down from the temple, waving their swords
to attack Rangda 'and protect the Barong.
799
01:14:42,000 --> 01:14:46,000
'But Rangda, by her evil power,
is able to hold them at bay.'
800
01:14:55,000 --> 01:14:59,000
And then suddenly,
the Rangda makes a spell, whoof!
801
01:14:59,064 --> 01:15:04,468
'With a flourish of her magic cloth, 'she forces
them to turn their daggers upon themselves.
802
01:15:04,532 --> 01:15:09,936
'The men, almost insensible, try to thrust
these sharp 'swords into their chest.'
803
01:15:10,000 --> 01:15:14,000
They really looked that they were
going to pierce their abdomens
804
01:15:14,064 --> 01:15:16,500
with them and they
pushed and they pushed.
805
01:15:16,564 --> 01:15:18,936
But the Barong is sufficiently powerful,
806
01:15:19,000 --> 01:15:23,000
so it means that the daggers
don't pierce their chest.
807
01:15:23,064 --> 01:15:27,548
'The Barong's power is stronger than Rangda's
'and he is able to protect his followers,
808
01:15:27,612 --> 01:15:30,112
so that no blood is shed.
809
01:15:37,000 --> 01:15:39,936
'Now, the priest comes from the temple
810
01:15:40,000 --> 01:15:44,000
'and scatters holy water to bring
the men out of their trances.
811
01:15:57,000 --> 01:16:01,000
'The men rush back into the temple.
The Barong disappears.
812
01:16:01,064 --> 01:16:04,500
'And all that is left
are the mangy curs,
813
01:16:04,564 --> 01:16:08,000
'eating the priest's
offerings to the gods.
814
01:16:12,000 --> 01:16:15,468
'I can offer no explanation for
that extraordinary performance,'
815
01:16:15,532 --> 01:16:21,000
but I was a little worried lest Rangda the witch
should decide to turn their swords on the BBC.
816
01:16:23,000 --> 01:16:26,468
Well, two days after that dance,
we had to leave Bali
817
01:16:26,532 --> 01:16:30,000
and continue on the last
leg of our trip to Komodo,
818
01:16:30,064 --> 01:16:33,500
the island of the giant lizards,
the dragons.
819
01:16:33,564 --> 01:16:37,000
Komodo was on the western end,
the farther end,
820
01:16:37,064 --> 01:16:40,000
of this banana-shaped island.
821
01:16:40,064 --> 01:16:42,936
So we went down to the harbour.
822
01:16:43,000 --> 01:16:49,000
There was one single sail 30ft
little fishing boat there.
823
01:16:49,064 --> 01:16:51,936
And that was all there was.
824
01:16:52,000 --> 01:16:55,968
So, eventually, we managed to
talk to the skipper of this boat
825
01:16:56,032 --> 01:17:00,000
and he said no problem and we said,
"Can you take us to Komodo?"
826
01:17:00,064 --> 01:17:03,936
He said, "Oh, yes." So we agreed
and there was Charles and me
827
01:17:04,000 --> 01:17:07,968
and there was Sabran, our guide,
who was the interpreter.
828
01:17:08,032 --> 01:17:12,000
And there was the captain and some boys,
who were his crew.
829
01:17:12,064 --> 01:17:14,936
We had no choice by then,
830
01:17:15,000 --> 01:17:22,000
so we loaded all our stores onto
this miserable little 30-footer.
831
01:17:25,000 --> 01:17:30,000
'We loaded all our equipment into
the hold beneath the tiny cabin.
832
01:17:30,064 --> 01:17:32,564
'That was the tape recorder.
833
01:17:34,000 --> 01:17:36,500
'Our kit,
834
01:17:39,000 --> 01:17:43,936
'and the camera.
'We didn't take much food
835
01:17:44,000 --> 01:17:46,968
'because we expected to be able
to catch enough fish to last us
836
01:17:47,032 --> 01:17:50,000
'for the few days it was going
to take us to get to Komodo.
837
01:17:52,000 --> 01:17:54,500
'Here comes Sabran.
838
01:17:58,000 --> 01:18:00,500
'The sail goes up.
839
01:18:04,000 --> 01:18:06,500
'We haul up the anchor.
840
01:18:09,000 --> 01:18:11,500
'And at last, we're off.
841
01:18:12,000 --> 01:18:15,468
'We headed away from the shore and soon,
842
01:18:15,532 --> 01:18:19,000
'the trade winds were filling our sails.
843
01:18:23,000 --> 01:18:25,936
'The boys took it in turn on the tiller.
844
01:18:26,000 --> 01:18:29,968
'This is Hasan, a cheerful lad who
unfortunately was not a particularly
845
01:18:30,032 --> 01:18:34,000
'good steersman, as he had the habit
of falling asleep at the tiller.'
846
01:18:34,064 --> 01:18:36,936
The boy would fall asleep, day or night,
847
01:18:37,000 --> 01:18:41,000
and we'd finish up with this awful
crunching noise in the night,
848
01:18:41,064 --> 01:18:43,936
to find that we were on a coral island.
849
01:18:44,000 --> 01:18:48,000
So I said, "I think we're on a
coral island." He said, "Argh!
850
01:18:48,064 --> 01:18:52,000
"They are no good!"
"What are we going to do?"
851
01:18:52,064 --> 01:18:54,564
We eventually poled ourselves off.
852
01:18:56,000 --> 01:18:58,968
'Sabran,
always eager to make himself useful,
853
01:18:59,032 --> 01:19:02,000
'had quickly improvised
a kitchen in the stern.
854
01:19:06,000 --> 01:19:10,000
'He had found an empty petrol tin,
which would serve as a grate,
855
01:19:10,064 --> 01:19:13,000
'and in it, he had lit a wood fire.'
856
01:19:17,000 --> 01:19:23,000
The trip took nearly three weeks.
We lived entirely on boiled rice.
857
01:19:23,064 --> 01:19:28,936
The fish that we were going
to have was non-existent.
858
01:19:29,000 --> 01:19:32,968
We said, "Where's your fishing tackle?"
This was early on.
859
01:19:33,032 --> 01:19:37,000
"Why aren't you fishing?"
He said, "I'm no fisherman."
860
01:19:40,000 --> 01:19:45,000
'To the south of us stretched
the mountainous coast of Flores.
861
01:19:45,064 --> 01:19:48,000
'Somewhere, 200 miles ahead, lay Komodo.
862
01:19:50,000 --> 01:19:54,000
'The wind was strong and fair and
we were making a good four knots
863
01:19:54,064 --> 01:19:56,564
'through the brilliant clear blue sea.'
864
01:20:03,000 --> 01:20:07,936
And I then said to the captain, "How
long will it be before we get to Komodo?"
865
01:20:08,000 --> 01:20:13,000
And the captain said, "Tidak tahu,"
which means "I don't know".
866
01:20:13,436 --> 01:20:15,936
The only map we had was the airline map
867
01:20:16,000 --> 01:20:21,936
and Komodo was rather smaller than a full
stop, a little dot on the western end.
868
01:20:22,000 --> 01:20:27,000
And he looked at this map and he said,
"Where are we?"
869
01:20:27,064 --> 01:20:33,468
An awful thought struck me. I said, "You
have been to Komodo before, haven't you?"
870
01:20:33,532 --> 01:20:36,936
He said, "Belum,"
and I didn't know what that meant,
871
01:20:37,000 --> 01:20:41,000
so I had to go down to the hold
and get out my little Indonesian
872
01:20:41,064 --> 01:20:45,000
dictionary and it said "belum -
not yet".
873
01:20:46,000 --> 01:20:49,936
So he had no idea where we were going.
874
01:20:50,000 --> 01:20:54,468
We said to him,
"Are you sure you know where you are?"
875
01:20:54,532 --> 01:20:58,234
And he said, "We are there,"
and he pointed to Borneo,
876
01:20:58,298 --> 01:21:01,936
which was probably about
1,000 miles away from us.
877
01:21:02,000 --> 01:21:08,000
'It was very hot in the blazing sun
and Hasan draped his sarong over
878
01:21:08,064 --> 01:21:10,936
'his head to protect him from the heat.
879
01:21:11,000 --> 01:21:16,000
'And we had nothing to do but to lie on deck
'and wonder what lay ahead of us in Komodo.
880
01:21:18,000 --> 01:21:22,936
'Our fresh water was stored in this
earthenware jar, 'lashed to the tiny cabin.
881
01:21:23,000 --> 01:21:25,968
'Unfortunately,
it got very hot in the sun.'
882
01:21:26,032 --> 01:21:29,000
It could have been soup
because it had nothing
883
01:21:29,064 --> 01:21:35,000
but mosquito larvae wriggling in it. 'But
nonetheless, it was quite refreshing.'
884
01:21:38,000 --> 01:21:43,000
This just went on and on
and on and we were hungry,
885
01:21:43,064 --> 01:21:45,936
sleeping out on deck, mosquitoes.
886
01:21:46,000 --> 01:21:50,000
So it was in the evening and it
was blowing quite a gale, actually,
887
01:21:50,064 --> 01:21:53,000
and so I said to the captain,
"I think we go this way now."
888
01:21:54,000 --> 01:21:59,000
But the sea rose and it rose and
it got darker and it got darker
889
01:21:59,064 --> 01:22:03,000
and it became quite dangerous.
890
01:22:05,000 --> 01:22:07,936
And suddenly, we were in whirlpools.
891
01:22:08,000 --> 01:22:10,968
And the waves were tremendous.
What were we going to do?
892
01:22:11,032 --> 01:22:14,000
The water was going round,
the ship was going round.
893
01:22:14,064 --> 01:22:17,000
You could see the sort
of fangs of coral,
894
01:22:17,064 --> 01:22:19,936
rocks, in the middle of this whirlpool.
895
01:22:20,000 --> 01:22:23,000
So we were poling away and
it's pouring with rain.
896
01:22:23,064 --> 01:22:28,936
Quite honestly, neither of us were sure
that we would ever see each other again.
897
01:22:29,000 --> 01:22:32,000
Unfortunately, we weren't to
show any of this on television
898
01:22:32,064 --> 01:22:35,936
because of course, we weren't filming.
Charles wasn't filming,
899
01:22:36,000 --> 01:22:39,936
Charles was poling away like the
rest of us. It was that dicey.
900
01:22:40,000 --> 01:22:44,936
And the captain was saying things like,
"Setengah mati, setengah mati!"
901
01:22:45,000 --> 01:22:48,936
He's saying, "I'm half dead!
Setengah mati!"
902
01:22:49,000 --> 01:22:53,000
And finally, about four o'clock
in the morning, just before dawn,
903
01:22:53,064 --> 01:22:56,000
we managed to get out
of the whirlpool area
904
01:22:56,064 --> 01:22:59,000
and into calmer waters in a little bay.
905
01:23:00,000 --> 01:23:05,000
'So, at last, we sailed safely
into the wide, calm bay of Komodo.
906
01:23:06,000 --> 01:23:11,000
'The island looked most exciting,
as we sailed close by its shores.
907
01:23:13,000 --> 01:23:15,936
'Brilliant white beaches of coral sand,
908
01:23:16,000 --> 01:23:19,936
'clumps of bush near the water's edge,
and above them,
909
01:23:20,000 --> 01:23:25,000
'gaunt, bare, volcanic hills,
covered in sunburnt brown grass,
910
01:23:25,064 --> 01:23:27,936
'with a few palm trees here and there.
911
01:23:28,000 --> 01:23:32,000
'This was the home of the dragon,
which we'd come so far to see.
912
01:23:48,000 --> 01:23:51,936
'We were so happy and relieved
to have arrived after such a long
913
01:23:52,000 --> 01:23:57,000
'and tricky voyage that to our eyes,
the village seemed a real paradise.
914
01:24:00,000 --> 01:24:04,000
'The Petinggi, or headman,
was sitting on the steps of his house.
915
01:24:04,064 --> 01:24:08,000
'He welcomed us very kindly
and invited us inside.'
916
01:24:10,000 --> 01:24:13,968
And the chief, the Petinggi,
gave us a little feast and during
917
01:24:14,032 --> 01:24:19,936
that, he said, "You know, that captain of yours
is not a good man. "He's actually a gun runner.
918
01:24:20,000 --> 01:24:26,936
"He's been smuggling guns to rebels in
Sulawesi "and the navy is after him."
919
01:24:27,000 --> 01:24:31,000
That's why he was the only
person in the harbour.
920
01:24:31,064 --> 01:24:33,936
All the rest were out fishing.
921
01:24:34,000 --> 01:24:38,000
With a lucky escape behind them,
the team continued on their quest.
922
01:24:38,064 --> 01:24:41,000
This time with the added
ingredient of dragon bait.
923
01:24:43,000 --> 01:24:45,936
'We walked, carrying the two goats,
with our cameras
924
01:24:46,000 --> 01:24:50,000
'and recording equipment, ready for
this final stage in our expedition.'
925
01:24:52,000 --> 01:24:57,000
The Komodo dragons had never been
filmed, at least not professionally.
926
01:24:58,000 --> 01:25:04,000
And this was going to be a top
draw if we got pictures of one.
927
01:25:06,000 --> 01:25:09,000
The only problem was that
there was not a lot of light.
928
01:25:09,064 --> 01:25:13,936
There was quite heavy bush there. It was
too dark, according to Charles, for us
929
01:25:14,000 --> 01:25:19,000
to use our colour stock,
so we had to film it in black and white.
930
01:25:19,064 --> 01:25:22,000
'Now,
we had to set about building a trap.
931
01:25:22,064 --> 01:25:26,000
'All the materials you need to make it
can be 'obtained in the forest itself.'
932
01:25:30,000 --> 01:25:35,936
They attached the trap door to a
simple trigger mechanism, using a rope.
933
01:25:36,000 --> 01:25:38,936
'He put a piece of goat's flesh inside
934
01:25:39,000 --> 01:25:42,000
'and then shrouded that
end with palm leaves.'
935
01:25:47,000 --> 01:25:51,000
'We waited, but not for long.
Within half an hour, there was
936
01:25:51,064 --> 01:25:53,564
'a rustle in the bush
and there was the dragon.
937
01:26:00,000 --> 01:26:04,468
'This was tremendously exciting for us. 'Our
first sight of this magnificent monster,
938
01:26:04,532 --> 01:26:09,936
'the climax of four months of
arduous travel. 'He was enormous.
939
01:26:10,000 --> 01:26:13,936
'As he circled us,
flicking out his great yellow tongue,
940
01:26:14,000 --> 01:26:19,968
'he looked almost as though he had
walked out of some prehistoric age.'
941
01:26:20,032 --> 01:26:25,484
This enormous monster, the size of
a really big crocodile, appeared,
942
01:26:25,548 --> 01:26:31,000
sniffed the air and eventually,
it went in after this dead goat.
943
01:26:36,436 --> 01:26:38,936
'And down came the door.
944
01:26:39,000 --> 01:26:43,000
'Hastily, we piled boulders on the door,
'so that he couldn't lift it up.
945
01:26:43,064 --> 01:26:45,936
'We had got him.'
946
01:26:46,000 --> 01:26:50,468
But we didn't have the permit to
take it away, so we had to content
947
01:26:50,532 --> 01:26:55,234
ourselves with just measuring it
and looking at it in close detail.
948
01:26:55,298 --> 01:27:00,000
So, we let this first famous dragon
go and away it went into the bush.
949
01:27:03,000 --> 01:27:06,000
We'd had to use black
and white negative stock
950
01:27:06,064 --> 01:27:08,936
for this climax of the whole trip.
951
01:27:09,000 --> 01:27:13,000
We thought we really ought to use
the colour negative stock too,
952
01:27:13,064 --> 01:27:17,000
if we could dragons out in the open,
as indeed we did,
953
01:27:17,064 --> 01:27:20,000
because on the island,
there are a lot of them.
954
01:27:23,000 --> 01:27:29,000
It was, I think, the first colour film
taken of a Komodo dragon in the wild.
955
01:27:33,000 --> 01:27:38,000
Like the series before it, Zoo Quest
For A Dragon was another big hit.
956
01:27:39,000 --> 01:27:43,000
The Zoo Quest expeditions
did a lot for me.
957
01:27:44,000 --> 01:27:47,000
I never had to look for work again.
958
01:27:48,000 --> 01:27:52,468
And David became a very famous person
959
01:27:52,532 --> 01:27:56,936
and it's Zoo Quest who made him that.
960
01:27:57,000 --> 01:28:01,000
And Charles and David have
remained lifelong friends.
961
01:28:01,064 --> 01:28:04,936
They were good days and
I wouldn't change them.
962
01:28:05,000 --> 01:28:08,936
I think when you're 28,
you do things rather differently from
963
01:28:09,000 --> 01:28:14,000
when you're 88, and you do silly things,
which we undoubtedly did.
964
01:28:14,064 --> 01:28:16,936
Looking back,
965
01:28:17,000 --> 01:28:21,468
I don't think you would let two kids
in their 20s just go off like that
966
01:28:21,532 --> 01:28:26,234
and nobody asked us anything about
health and safety or anything else.
967
01:28:26,298 --> 01:28:31,000
I mean, we just disappeared and
they said, "When will you be back?"
968
01:28:31,064 --> 01:28:35,000
"Ooh, just before Christmas, I think."
"Righto, goodbye."
969
01:28:35,064 --> 01:28:40,000
Happy days. That was the end
of our Zoo Quest. Goodnight.
970
01:28:40,050 --> 01:28:44,600
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