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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:08,000 Tonight, we've got rather a different programme for you. 2 00:00:08,064 --> 00:00:12,968 In 1954, David Attenborough embarked on a ground-breaking television series. 3 00:00:13,032 --> 00:00:15,936 Watched by millions of viewers across Britain, 4 00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:19,968 it became the most popular wildlife programme of its time. 5 00:00:20,032 --> 00:00:23,936 And it launched David Attenborough as a wildlife presenter. 6 00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:29,000 If you don't want this, I'm warning you, I'm giving it to Robert. 7 00:00:29,064 --> 00:00:35,000 Zoo Quest filmed a number of animal collecting expeditions, organised by the London Zoo. 8 00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:43,468 And brought to the screen places and animals that had never been seen before. 9 00:00:43,532 --> 00:00:48,936 It was the first natural history series on film that the BBC had shot. 10 00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:52,936 Zoo Quest was first broadcast in the 1950s. 11 00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:56,968 Over a decade before colour television came to the UK. 12 00:00:57,032 --> 00:01:01,000 So the entire series was shown in black and white. 13 00:01:02,973 --> 00:01:05,473 A few months ago, a remarkable discovery 14 00:01:05,537 --> 00:01:09,000 was made in the vaults of the BBC Natural History Unit. 15 00:01:09,064 --> 00:01:14,936 An archivist was checking through some of the film cans from Zoo Quest. 16 00:01:15,000 --> 00:01:18,563 She took a closer look at these reels of film and realised 17 00:01:18,627 --> 00:01:22,000 that she had unearthed a piece of television history. 18 00:01:22,064 --> 00:01:27,936 They were some of the original films shot on location, over six hours' worth. 19 00:01:28,000 --> 00:01:34,000 Not only were they in extremely good condition, but they were actually in colour. 20 00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:50,936 They show animals filmed for the first time, 21 00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:54,000 as well as being a unique cultural record of a bygone era. 22 00:02:05,000 --> 00:02:10,000 I was astonished to hear that they had all this colour negative stock. 23 00:02:10,064 --> 00:02:13,000 I had never seen it. Nobody had ever seen it, I think. 24 00:02:13,064 --> 00:02:15,564 It had never been printed in colour. 25 00:02:18,500 --> 00:02:21,000 And it had an extraordinary quality. 26 00:02:21,064 --> 00:02:26,000 Quite unlike modern colour film and certainly unlike modern colour television. 27 00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:34,500 And now the best of this original colour footage can be seen for the first time. 28 00:02:34,564 --> 00:02:41,000 And with it the story of how this pioneering television series was made. 29 00:02:54,246 --> 00:02:56,746 I was astonished when someone said 30 00:02:56,810 --> 00:03:00,936 we've got nearly all the film of the first three expeditions you did in colour. 31 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:04,468 I said, "It's impossible, we shot in black and white." 32 00:03:04,532 --> 00:03:08,234 I hadn't seen a foot of that film since it went out. 33 00:03:08,298 --> 00:03:12,000 And when it went out it was all in black and white. 34 00:03:12,064 --> 00:03:14,564 And it looked pretty miserable. 35 00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:20,000 Using the latest technology to remaster the original colour film, 36 00:03:20,064 --> 00:03:24,000 it can now be seen in high definition as never before. 37 00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:35,936 I was absolutely staggered at the quality. 38 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:39,936 At its best, it's as good as any colour you see now. 39 00:03:40,000 --> 00:03:45,000 And the big close-ups of animals, the faces and the eyes. 40 00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:53,000 Quite staggering for the period that it was filmed in. I was astonished. 41 00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:01,000 And there is a good reason as to why colour film was used. 42 00:04:01,064 --> 00:04:06,000 It was all due to David's choice of using a lightweight hand-held 16mm camera. 43 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:12,936 I was insistent that we would have to use 16mm film. 44 00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:19,000 Now, that was very much smaller than the 35 mil which the BBC use. 45 00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:25,000 We couldn't take the very big cameras into the bush in Africa. 46 00:04:25,064 --> 00:04:29,936 And the Head of Films at the BBC thought that 16mm was beneath contempt. 47 00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:34,968 There was a bit of a row, so we had a big meeting and eventually I got 48 00:04:35,032 --> 00:04:40,000 permission to use 16, which was the first time ever for BBC Television. 49 00:04:40,064 --> 00:04:42,500 But the film department had their own back. 50 00:04:42,564 --> 00:04:46,250 They said, "All right. Well, if you use 16, 51 00:04:46,314 --> 00:04:51,936 you will have to shoot it on colour negative. Because it will give you much better definition. 52 00:04:52,000 --> 00:04:56,000 "It won't be as fuzzy as black and white negative would do." 53 00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:01,968 I had to go and find somebody who would shoot this. 54 00:05:02,032 --> 00:05:05,984 And I heard that there was an amateur cameraman, 55 00:05:06,048 --> 00:05:09,492 a young chap who was very good on 16 mil cameras. 56 00:05:09,556 --> 00:05:13,000 So I discovered his name, which was Charles Lagus. 57 00:05:15,000 --> 00:05:21,000 I met this young man called Attenborough who nobody had ever heard of before. 58 00:05:21,064 --> 00:05:25,968 And we got chatting. I said, "Look, I'm going to West Africa. 59 00:05:26,032 --> 00:05:31,936 "Would you be at all interested in coming?" And he said, "Well, I might." 60 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:35,936 We seemed to hit it off straight away. We laughed at the same jokes 61 00:05:36,000 --> 00:05:39,000 and so at the end of it I said, "Would you like to come on holiday?" 62 00:05:39,064 --> 00:05:42,000 I said, "Well, am I actually doing the job with you?" 63 00:05:42,064 --> 00:05:44,564 He said, "Well, yes, of course you are!" 64 00:05:47,000 --> 00:05:49,936 David and I were really nobodies. 65 00:05:50,000 --> 00:05:54,000 Somebody who was going off with 16 mil film? They were amateurs! 66 00:05:54,064 --> 00:05:56,936 We were rebels, really. 67 00:05:57,000 --> 00:06:02,000 And rather sneered at, I think, by the Film department, certainly. 68 00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:06,936 I'd got to know a lovely man called Jack Lester, 69 00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:10,000 who was in charge of the reptile house at London Zoo. 70 00:06:14,000 --> 00:06:17,000 Jack was going to be the star. I was the director. 71 00:06:20,000 --> 00:06:23,000 And so Jack, Charles and I were the team. 72 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:29,000 What we were going to do was to film sequences in Africa 73 00:06:29,064 --> 00:06:32,936 of Jack Lester collecting things. 74 00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:35,936 He would pounce on a snake, let us say, 75 00:06:36,000 --> 00:06:39,968 and then we would dissolve from that film sequence to the snake 76 00:06:40,032 --> 00:06:45,936 in the studio, with Jack struggling with it and explaining it. And that was the idea. 77 00:06:46,000 --> 00:06:51,000 The zoo agreed and the BBC agreed, and Jack and I both agreed. Off we went. 78 00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:57,000 Charles and I set off with Jack and a chap called Alf Woods. 79 00:06:57,064 --> 00:07:00,936 One of the senior keepers from the birdhouse. 80 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:03,936 And when we landed in Sierra Leone, it was the first time 81 00:07:04,000 --> 00:07:08,000 I'd ever been to the Tropics and I was absolutely knocked out. 82 00:07:08,064 --> 00:07:11,000 I remember very clearly walking across the grass strip 83 00:07:11,064 --> 00:07:13,936 and then I saw something moving. It was a chameleon. 84 00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:18,000 I though, "A chameleon in the hedge here!" And there was a mantis. 85 00:07:18,064 --> 00:07:23,000 I was suddenly struck by the huge proliferation of life 86 00:07:23,064 --> 00:07:26,000 which is characteristic of the Tropics. 87 00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:35,000 That muggy air, that tropical air, not only loaded with moisture 88 00:07:35,064 --> 00:07:38,000 but loaded with smells from the earth and from the forest. 89 00:07:41,000 --> 00:07:44,936 'We set off in our lorry along the dusty red earth roads which 90 00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:49,000 'cut through the thick tropical bush on our way into the interior.' 91 00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:57,000 'But distances in Sierra Leone are not only measured in miles, 92 00:07:57,064 --> 00:07:59,936 'they're also measured in rivers. 93 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:03,468 'And the slow hand-pulled ferries that cross them. 94 00:08:03,532 --> 00:08:06,936 'But, to us, the time spent on ferries wasn't wasted. 95 00:08:07,000 --> 00:08:09,968 'We hoped to take back to London a representative collection 96 00:08:10,032 --> 00:08:12,984 'of the whole of the animal life of this part of Africa. 97 00:08:13,048 --> 00:08:17,936 'And the ferrymen, being the biggest gossips in the area, 'were just the people to tell us 98 00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:21,936 'if anyone had caught any animals recently. 'And to pass on the extraordinary news 99 00:08:22,000 --> 00:08:25,000 'to all travelling along the road that a party of Englishmen 100 00:08:25,064 --> 00:08:27,936 'were willing to buy animals of all sorts 101 00:08:28,000 --> 00:08:31,000 'and were offering rewards to anyone who could show them the nests 102 00:08:31,064 --> 00:08:34,000 'of some extraordinary bald-headed bird.' 103 00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:39,000 I wanted an objective for our trip. 104 00:08:39,064 --> 00:08:44,000 I said to Jack Lester, I said, "Couldn't we make it a quest for something?" 105 00:08:44,064 --> 00:08:47,936 He said, "I suppose we could." I said, "Well, isn't there something 106 00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:53,500 "that nobody has ever seen before alive?" Jack had a fascination for a bird 107 00:08:53,564 --> 00:08:58,936 called Picathartes gymnocephalus. And I said, "Jack, you see, 108 00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:04,936 "A Quest For Picathartes Gymnocephalus "is not a winning title." 109 00:09:05,000 --> 00:09:11,936 It was a very boring-looking bald crow. "Hasn't it got another name?" 110 00:09:12,000 --> 00:09:16,000 He said, "Oh, yeah." I said, "Great. What's the English name?" 111 00:09:16,064 --> 00:09:21,000 He said, "A bald-headed rock crow." I said, "Well, even Quest For A Bald-headed Rock Crow 112 00:09:21,064 --> 00:09:23,936 "is not a crowd-pleaser, particularly. 113 00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:27,000 "Not one to track them in." So then we just called it Zoo Quest. 114 00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:34,734 'We came to our first African village, 'where life continues in the same way 115 00:09:34,798 --> 00:09:37,298 'as it's done for hundreds of years.' 116 00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:48,000 'An old man sits patiently weaving his cloth 'in the ancient traditional way.' 117 00:09:55,000 --> 00:10:00,000 'Women sit in the shade of the huts, 'carding and spinning the locally-grown cotton, 118 00:10:00,064 --> 00:10:03,000 'ready for the weaver.' 119 00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:20,468 'Cassava and rice has to be pounded to flour in wooden pestles. 120 00:10:20,532 --> 00:10:26,000 'But here, as everywhere else, there's time for beautification.' 121 00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:38,968 'Outside the village, 'as outside every village large or small in West Africa, 122 00:10:39,032 --> 00:10:44,000 'there was one tree supporting a great chattering colony 'of weaver birds.' 123 00:10:46,000 --> 00:10:50,468 Thanks to their convenient location, these weaver birds were in fact the 124 00:10:50,532 --> 00:10:55,000 first wild animals ever to be filmed for a David Attenborough series. 125 00:10:56,000 --> 00:10:58,936 'They're very destructive creatures, 126 00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:01,936 'causing a great deal of damage to crops of grain. 127 00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:05,936 'But although it would be easy enough to cut down the trees 'and destroy the nests, 128 00:11:06,000 --> 00:11:08,968 'the villagers rarely take any action against the birds. 129 00:11:09,032 --> 00:11:12,000 'For they believe that if you drive away the weaver birds, 130 00:11:12,064 --> 00:11:14,936 'you will drive away prosperity from the village. 131 00:11:15,000 --> 00:11:18,000 'And so the birds are left to strip the leaves from their tree, 132 00:11:18,064 --> 00:11:23,000 'tear them into long ribbons and sew and weave them 'into their beautiful, intricate nests.' 133 00:11:27,000 --> 00:11:32,234 'Our first duty on arriving in the village 'was to pay our respects to the chief. 134 00:11:32,298 --> 00:11:34,936 'If he gave us his official approval, 135 00:11:35,000 --> 00:11:39,000 'we could be sure of the help of the best hunters in the district. 136 00:11:39,064 --> 00:11:42,000 'The chief came out of his compound to meet us, 137 00:11:42,064 --> 00:11:45,000 'followed in procession by some of his many wives.' 138 00:11:52,436 --> 00:11:54,936 'Everyone gathered round to see what he wanted. 139 00:11:55,000 --> 00:11:57,936 'And we were the objects of a great deal of curiosity, 140 00:11:58,000 --> 00:12:02,000 'not entirely unmixed with fear as far as the children were concerned.' 141 00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:12,000 'Jack explained that we had come to collect all sorts of animals, 142 00:12:12,064 --> 00:12:17,287 'and as we didn't know the African names, 'we carried pictures of the creatures 143 00:12:17,351 --> 00:12:21,500 we particularly wanted. 'This, the emerald starling, the chief recognised, 144 00:12:21,564 --> 00:12:24,250 'though he would insist on turning it upside down. 145 00:12:24,314 --> 00:12:29,000 'But picathartes, right way up or upside down, 'didn't mean anything at all to him. 146 00:12:29,064 --> 00:12:31,564 '"But did we like snakes?" he said?' 147 00:12:33,436 --> 00:12:35,936 Jack was great with snakes. 148 00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:42,000 He would pick up the most poisonous snakes that local people were terrified of. 149 00:12:44,000 --> 00:12:47,936 'A Gaboon viper, just as deadly as the cobras. 150 00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:50,968 'It was crawling only a few yards away from our hut. 151 00:12:51,032 --> 00:12:54,000 'It looked sluggish, but it can strike like lightning.' 152 00:12:57,000 --> 00:13:02,000 And now its beautiful markings can be seen in their full glory. 153 00:13:02,064 --> 00:13:06,000 They provide perfect camouflage when amongst the leaf litter of the forest floor. 154 00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:11,936 'Our people had found it 'and, like most of us, they were terrified of it. 155 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:15,000 'But when Jack heard of it, he was delighted and came running, 156 00:13:15,064 --> 00:13:19,000 'anxious to catch such a handsome snake 'for his reptile house in the zoo.' 157 00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:36,500 A Gaboon viper is a very formidable thing. 158 00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:41,936 Jack in fact catches it either at the back of the neck, 159 00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:45,468 or indeed, rather more dangerously, I think, picking it up by the tail 160 00:13:45,532 --> 00:13:49,000 and making sure he doesn't get anywhere near where it can bite you. 161 00:13:51,000 --> 00:13:54,000 And then dropping it in a box or a sack. 162 00:13:58,000 --> 00:14:04,000 Of course, 60 years ago, zoos regularly sent out expeditions to collect live animals. 163 00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:10,000 Nobody thought much about conservation or really considered 164 00:14:10,064 --> 00:14:12,936 that animals might be driven to extinction. 165 00:14:13,000 --> 00:14:16,000 Of course, these days, you would never dream of doing that. 166 00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:21,000 'People started bringing boxes and cages to us in great numbers.' 167 00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:26,000 'The contents of this box we wanted very much indeed. 168 00:14:26,064 --> 00:14:30,500 'For sticking her fingers through the slats 'and scratching anyone who came near 169 00:14:30,564 --> 00:14:33,064 'was a very young baby chimpanzee.' 170 00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:41,936 'Within 4 days, we had so won her confidence that she would run take milk from Jack's lap. 171 00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:44,936 'And from then on, Jane, as we christened her, was 172 00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:49,000 'the tamest and most affectionate animal in the collection.' 173 00:14:49,064 --> 00:14:54,968 And it was so rewarding because it almost became one of the family with us. 174 00:14:55,032 --> 00:14:58,936 It would put its arms around us and just hug us. 175 00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:01,968 'She spent most of her time climbing about in the trees 176 00:15:02,032 --> 00:15:05,000 'nearest to whichever hut we happened to be staying in.' 177 00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:21,000 In those days, it was quite common for people to have baby chimpanzees as pets. 178 00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:29,468 Jane was quite young, actually, and I looked after her 179 00:15:29,532 --> 00:15:33,000 and I became very fond of her. She was a sweet creature. 180 00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:38,000 And Jane became a firm favourite with viewers at home. 181 00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:46,000 Again, something you would not possibly be allowed to do these days 182 00:15:46,064 --> 00:15:48,564 and again, quite right. 183 00:15:49,000 --> 00:15:54,000 'Jane the chimpanzee was always curious, 'as to see what was going on. 184 00:15:54,064 --> 00:15:59,000 'And insisted on inspecting 'each new addition to the collection as it arrived. 185 00:15:59,064 --> 00:16:01,564 'Like this little antelope.' 186 00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:14,000 'This young mongoose didn't appreciate her attentions at all 'and give her a sharp nip.' 187 00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:22,968 As we built up a collection, somebody would have to look after all these newly-captured animals. 188 00:16:23,032 --> 00:16:27,000 'At our base, Alf Woods, who came out from the zoo's birdhouse, 189 00:16:27,064 --> 00:16:30,000 'was looking after our rapidly-growing collection. 190 00:16:30,064 --> 00:16:33,000 'This small section contains our sunbirds. 191 00:16:33,064 --> 00:16:35,500 'They live by sipping nectar from flowers. 192 00:16:35,564 --> 00:16:39,936 'But in captivity they will feed and flourish 'on a mixture of honey and water, 193 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:42,500 'which they sip from these little jars.' 194 00:16:44,436 --> 00:16:46,936 'When a new one is first brought in, 195 00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:49,968 'it has to be shown that the jars contain something worth eating. 196 00:16:50,032 --> 00:16:54,936 'So Alf always held it in his hand, dipped its beak into the honey 'and he drinks. 197 00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:58,000 'His threadlike tongue flashing in and out at an enormous rate.' 198 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:04,000 The way things got looked after, it was amazing. 199 00:17:04,064 --> 00:17:08,000 And I don't think we ever lost an animal. 200 00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:16,936 'In this tin, we had two little African bush rats, 'which were even younger. 201 00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:20,000 'They were so small that they couldn't tackle solid foods, 202 00:17:20,064 --> 00:17:23,000 'so we fed them with milk from a pen filler.' 203 00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:34,936 David and Jack, and in the early days Alfie Woods, 204 00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:41,000 knew exactly how to look after everything that we caught and they were just amazing with them. 205 00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:47,000 'A great difficulty with all these youngsters is to keep them warm. 206 00:17:47,064 --> 00:17:52,500 'And at first we always put little bottles of hot water 'inside their tins overnight. 207 00:17:52,564 --> 00:17:55,936 'This young ground squirrel, 'though very weak when he first arrived, 208 00:17:56,000 --> 00:18:00,000 'did well under this treatment and ate vast quantities of palm nuts.' 209 00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:15,500 'Young birds always had to be fed by hand.' 210 00:18:17,000 --> 00:18:20,000 'This young owl demanded food every three hours.' 211 00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:34,000 But when the team went out to film animals in the wild, there was a problem. 212 00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:39,936 In West Africa in the forest, it's really very dark. 213 00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:44,936 I remember Charles going in, the first time he went in, he said, "We can't film here at all." 214 00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:49,000 I said, "What do you mean, not at all?" There was a bit of a blow. 215 00:18:49,064 --> 00:18:53,000 He said, "There is not enough light. I said, "Even for black and white negative?" 216 00:18:53,064 --> 00:18:55,936 He said, "No, it's just too dark. 217 00:18:56,000 --> 00:19:01,936 "The only way we can film here to get a decent picture "is to cut down a tree." 218 00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:04,936 And so that was a bit of a facer, really. 219 00:19:05,000 --> 00:19:08,968 But when I did realise, I thought we'd have to think of something 220 00:19:09,032 --> 00:19:13,484 else, so what we decided to do was we would film birds that were 221 00:19:13,548 --> 00:19:18,000 out in the open, or we would go into clearings in the forest. 222 00:19:18,064 --> 00:19:22,000 Now, there aren't big animals sitting in the clearings, but there are small animals. 223 00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:26,968 'We were interested in little animals, as well as big ones. 224 00:19:27,032 --> 00:19:31,000 'And one of the commonest insects in Africa is the termite. 225 00:19:31,064 --> 00:19:35,936 'There's more than one sort of individual termite. 'The most common are the small workers. 226 00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:41,936 'But among them are the soldiers, with enormously enlarged heads, armed with great jaws 227 00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:44,500 'with which they can give the most painful bite.' 228 00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:48,968 'Naturally, when the nest is disturbed, 229 00:19:49,032 --> 00:19:51,484 'the soldiers are very much on the warpath. 230 00:19:51,548 --> 00:19:56,000 'And so cutting a section of their nest 'can become quite a painful business.' 231 00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:05,000 Close-up photography of things like insects was almost unknown. 232 00:20:05,064 --> 00:20:11,936 Nobody had done this before. Charles was really very inventive. 233 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:15,000 He took an ordinary hollow piece of metal and screwed it on the end 234 00:20:15,064 --> 00:20:20,000 of a lens and so increased the magnification, as it were. 235 00:20:20,064 --> 00:20:24,000 And he was very, very ingenious at doing that. 236 00:20:24,064 --> 00:20:30,000 When you get a close-up of a praying Mantis, they are fascinating in themselves. 237 00:20:30,064 --> 00:20:32,564 It's like magic. 238 00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:43,936 They were very impressive shots. 239 00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:46,936 We noticed that there was a wasp on the veranda. 240 00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:50,468 And before I could make it out, Charles was up there and filming it. 241 00:20:50,532 --> 00:20:53,936 There was a male wasp hanging on the side of the nest, waiting to 242 00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:58,000 grab the female before some other male grabbed her and fertilised her. 243 00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:02,000 'Once more, another male arrives.' 244 00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:12,968 'Things are now getting tense. 'The young female continues her struggles 245 00:21:13,032 --> 00:21:15,936 'and hauls herself to the mouth of the cell. 246 00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:19,936 'And now she's free, he seizes her and flies off.' 247 00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:23,000 It wasn't what I thought we'd come to film, if you see what I mean. 248 00:21:23,064 --> 00:21:28,000 But we made a speciality. That's what we could do, and so we did it. 249 00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:40,000 But the team still hadn't found the subject of their quest. The elusive picathartes. 250 00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:44,936 'After an hour of cutting a path through the bush up the hill, 251 00:21:45,000 --> 00:21:49,000 'we at last began to get good views of the surrounding countryside.' 252 00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:55,936 'No-one in the first village we stayed in 'had recognised our picture of picathartes. 253 00:21:56,000 --> 00:22:01,000 'And we decided to move on through the bush towards the interior.' 254 00:22:06,000 --> 00:22:09,000 'At last, we reached the next village.' 255 00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:13,468 Very often when we would come to a village, 256 00:22:13,532 --> 00:22:17,000 it was quite a ceremonial event for the people. 257 00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:33,936 And they would welcome us, they would play music, 258 00:22:34,000 --> 00:22:40,000 and usually quite sophisticated, complicated music to our ears. 259 00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:43,968 I don't think they'd seen film cameras there before 260 00:22:44,032 --> 00:22:47,000 and they certainly had never heard themselves recorded. 261 00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:54,936 There was no way of linking sound recording to film in those days, on 16mm at any rate. 262 00:22:55,000 --> 00:23:02,000 And David used to do the sound. Not that he had been in any way trained. 263 00:23:02,064 --> 00:23:08,000 It was quarter-inch tape, reel to reel, battery driven. David took to it like duck to water. 264 00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:12,936 I'd be very careful in the editing later. 265 00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:17,000 It isn't all that noticeable that we haven't got sync sound. 266 00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:22,936 A portable tape machine was quite a new thing. 267 00:23:23,000 --> 00:23:26,000 No-one had seen it in the parts of Sierra Leone where we were. 268 00:23:26,064 --> 00:23:29,000 So they had no idea what we were doing. 269 00:23:30,000 --> 00:23:32,936 'First to perform for us were the newly initiated girls 270 00:23:33,000 --> 00:23:37,000 'who had just passed through the rites of the Bundu secret society.' 271 00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:57,468 'And here, joining the girls in the dance is the Bundu Devil, 272 00:23:57,532 --> 00:24:01,000 'who presides over the initiation ceremonies in the sacred bush.' 273 00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:29,000 'A change of music. 'These drums we knew were used in the dance of the njai society, 274 00:24:29,064 --> 00:24:32,000 'which we had been told we were not allowed to see.' 275 00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:44,000 'As they sounded, the devil itself came into the dance. 276 00:24:44,064 --> 00:24:49,000 'A very fearsome magical devil 'that has the gift of foretelling the future.' 277 00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:25,936 'But we were able to produce some magic of our own. 'For while the dance had been going on, 278 00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:29,936 'I had been recording the music on my tape recorder. 279 00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:33,000 'This, of course, was the object of a great deal of curiosity. 280 00:25:33,064 --> 00:25:38,968 'I always play the recording back 'and let the singers listen themselves on little earphone. 281 00:25:39,032 --> 00:25:43,000 'Blank astonishment was always followed by huge grins of delight.' 282 00:25:43,064 --> 00:25:45,936 We tried to explain what we were doing, but they couldn't understand it. 283 00:25:46,000 --> 00:25:50,000 What we could do was to turn a switch and then use the microphone, 284 00:25:50,064 --> 00:25:54,000 which was a big thing like that, and use it as a speaker. 285 00:25:54,064 --> 00:25:57,000 And so we recorded something with the women 286 00:25:57,064 --> 00:26:00,000 and then I played it to them through the ear. 287 00:26:00,064 --> 00:26:04,936 And they started off by being sort of astounded and then suddenly delighted. 288 00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:08,000 They thought it was absolutely thrilling. 289 00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:28,468 'Meanwhile, Jack was talking to other members of the village 290 00:26:28,532 --> 00:26:32,936 'and showing our picture of picathartes to everybody he met. 291 00:26:33,000 --> 00:26:37,000 'This man was the local agricultural instructor living in the village, 292 00:26:37,064 --> 00:26:41,000 'and to our delight, he at last recognised the picture. 293 00:26:41,064 --> 00:26:46,000 'The birds he said were not common, 'but he had seen them in the thicker parts of the bush, 294 00:26:46,064 --> 00:26:48,936 'up in the hills at the back of the village. 295 00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:53,000 'So it was that the next day, under his guidance, 296 00:26:53,064 --> 00:26:59,000 'we started off on the journey up the hill, 'on our way at last to the nests of picathartes.' 297 00:27:01,000 --> 00:27:03,936 The problem with the picathartes nesting site 298 00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:06,936 was that it was in deep jungle and it was very, very dark. 299 00:27:07,000 --> 00:27:11,000 And there was simply not enough light for the colour negative stock 300 00:27:11,064 --> 00:27:15,000 that we were using, so we had to use black and white. 301 00:27:19,000 --> 00:27:22,968 'We took our places behind the hide and now came the most tense moment 302 00:27:23,032 --> 00:27:27,000 'of the expedition, the moment for which we had all waited so long. 303 00:27:27,064 --> 00:27:30,936 'Would we see the adult birds?' It was a six-part series. 304 00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:37,000 We ended each programme by saying, "But will we find Picathartes gymnocephalus? 305 00:27:37,064 --> 00:27:39,936 "Tune in next week!" 306 00:27:40,000 --> 00:27:44,000 And I was a bit worried about whether this would actually 307 00:27:44,064 --> 00:27:48,936 make any impression on anybody. And actually Charles Lagus and I 308 00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:53,936 were in Charles' open two-seater sports car and we were 309 00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:57,000 driving along Oxford Street, which you could do in those days. 310 00:27:57,064 --> 00:28:01,936 And a driver leant out and he said, "Hello, Dave! 311 00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:08,000 "Well, are we or are we not going to catch Pica bloody thartes?" 312 00:28:08,064 --> 00:28:13,000 So I thought, "Well, maybe the programmes are beginning to catch on." 313 00:28:13,064 --> 00:28:18,000 'Suddenly, we saw one 'a few yards away in the twilight of the bush, preening itself. 314 00:28:18,064 --> 00:28:21,936 'This was enormous excitement. 'Then up it fluttered onto the nest. 315 00:28:22,000 --> 00:28:24,936 'And as it did so, the other parent flew across 316 00:28:25,000 --> 00:28:28,968 'and drove the first one away. This was a great thrill for us. 317 00:28:29,032 --> 00:28:33,000 'For as this happened, we became the first Europeans ever to see 318 00:28:33,064 --> 00:28:35,564 'the white-necked picathartes on its nest.' 319 00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:39,468 It did take several weeks before we actually found it. 320 00:28:39,532 --> 00:28:43,000 In a childish way, to film something that nobody had ever 321 00:28:43,064 --> 00:28:47,000 filmed alive before tickled our fancy. 322 00:28:47,064 --> 00:28:49,564 We thought it was fun. 323 00:28:51,000 --> 00:28:57,000 'And eventually we secured a young fledgling. 'Alf Woods offered it a little frog. 324 00:28:57,064 --> 00:29:01,000 'To our delight and relief, 'it accepted it greedily and asked for more.' 325 00:29:01,064 --> 00:29:08,000 Feeding it alone was a chore. It ate something like 60 little froglets every three hours. 326 00:29:08,064 --> 00:29:14,000 So not only were we filming, but we were spending our time catching frogs. 327 00:29:14,064 --> 00:29:17,936 'On that food, it grew and flourished 'and made the long voyage back to England. 328 00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:22,000 'Now it's settled and thriving in the London Zoo. 329 00:29:22,064 --> 00:29:27,000 'The first white-necked Picathartes 'ever to be brought out of Africa alive.' 330 00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:32,000 The first Zoo Quest programme went out with Jack Lester 331 00:29:32,064 --> 00:29:34,936 showing the animals, and I up in the gallery 332 00:29:35,000 --> 00:29:40,000 directing the television cameras, which is what my job was. 333 00:29:40,064 --> 00:29:46,936 But after that first appearance, Jack became very ill with a tropical disease. 334 00:29:47,000 --> 00:29:50,000 He was taken to hospital just after the first programme. 335 00:29:50,064 --> 00:29:52,936 And so the Head of Television said, 336 00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:58,000 "Attenborough, you thought you were director, "but somebody's got to do the studio." 337 00:29:58,064 --> 00:30:03,936 Nobody else was there, you do it. And it turned out that he was absolutely brilliant at it. 338 00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:09,000 In fact, he was much better at it than Jack. He was just a natural. 339 00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:15,000 That is the picture of a very rare bird, the white-necked picathartes. 340 00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:20,468 And he could, particularly in the earlier ones, he would laugh 341 00:30:20,532 --> 00:30:25,000 at himself because he knew he was sort of acting for the camera. 342 00:30:25,064 --> 00:30:29,936 One of those Indians taught me how to make the noise. At least I think I can do it. He goes... 343 00:30:30,000 --> 00:30:35,936 Is that any good, do you think? Ask him! And that's how he became the narrator. 344 00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:42,000 And became one of the great natural television broadcasters. 345 00:30:42,064 --> 00:30:45,000 And here he is, the very same one. 346 00:30:45,064 --> 00:30:47,936 The tree anteater or tamandua. 347 00:30:48,000 --> 00:30:51,936 That right, isn't it? Well, tamandu-a, we call it. Very well. 348 00:30:52,000 --> 00:30:58,936 All television was live, and if you didn't get it right first time, it was just tough. 349 00:30:59,000 --> 00:31:01,936 Everybody saw you making a mistake. 350 00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:06,000 And from the last... for the last time, from Dr Matthews, Jack Lester, 351 00:31:06,064 --> 00:31:10,936 Charles Lagus and myself, goodnight. Zoo Quest was a success. 352 00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:16,000 And I thought, "Right, in that case, strike while the iron's hot," 353 00:31:16,064 --> 00:31:20,936 and I immediately suggested that we should go to somewhere in South America. 354 00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:25,936 And the obvious place to go was British Guiana, as it then was, and is now Guyana. 355 00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:31,468 And Jack had recovered and so we set off on our second trip. 356 00:31:31,532 --> 00:31:37,000 This was in 1955, soon after the first series was broadcast. 357 00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:43,936 There were still areas there where it was pristine, really. Relatively speaking. 358 00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:48,000 That is the South American jungle as I first saw it. 359 00:31:48,064 --> 00:31:50,936 We were flying over British Guiana. 360 00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:55,000 That forest below us stretched unbroken for several hundred miles 361 00:31:55,064 --> 00:32:00,000 up north to the River Orinoco, right down south to the Amazon and the Mato Grosso. 362 00:32:00,064 --> 00:32:02,936 In fact, it's one of the largest unexplored, 363 00:32:03,000 --> 00:32:07,000 and as far as I'm concerned, exciting areas in the world. 364 00:32:12,436 --> 00:32:14,936 'There are three of us in that plane. 365 00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:20,000 'Jack Lester from the London Zoo, Charles Lagus the cameraman 'and myself.' 366 00:32:26,000 --> 00:32:30,000 'As we came in, we saw for the first time some of the Akawaio Indians 367 00:32:30,064 --> 00:32:32,936 'with whom we would be living for the next months. 368 00:32:33,000 --> 00:32:36,000 'Though these particular people were partly Europeanised, as they lived 369 00:32:36,064 --> 00:32:39,936 'and worked on the government station. 370 00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:44,468 'Our first job was to unload all our stores from the plane. 371 00:32:44,532 --> 00:32:49,000 'Lenses, cameras, film, recording gear, cooking pots and pans, 372 00:32:49,064 --> 00:32:54,000 'food, hammocks and all the other things 'we needed to make us entirely self-sufficient. 373 00:32:54,064 --> 00:32:59,000 'For when the plane left, 'we should lose our last link with the outside world. 374 00:32:59,064 --> 00:33:05,000 'If we had forgotten to bring something, 'well, from now on we should have to do without it.' 375 00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:11,936 'Our plan was to travel up the Mazaruni River 'and explore its tributaries. 376 00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:15,968 'And for transport the district officer very kindly lent us 377 00:33:16,032 --> 00:33:19,484 'his largest dugout canoe. And we set off up the river. 378 00:33:19,548 --> 00:33:23,000 'A tunnel of sunshine, cutting through the jungle.' 379 00:33:27,000 --> 00:33:30,206 'For us, it was all very exciting 'because at last 380 00:33:30,270 --> 00:33:34,000 we were seeing the South American jungle close at hand. 381 00:33:34,064 --> 00:33:38,936 'We couldn't expect to see any animals, 'for the noise of our engine have driven them far away. 382 00:33:39,000 --> 00:33:43,000 'But we were happy enough simply to sit there and enjoy the ride.' 383 00:33:47,000 --> 00:33:51,000 'Late in the afternoon, we heard a distant thundering noise 384 00:33:51,064 --> 00:33:55,000 'and we knew that we were approaching a waterfall. 385 00:33:55,064 --> 00:33:57,564 'After another hour, we reached it.' 386 00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:04,936 'To go further would mean unloading all the canoes 'and carrying everything above the fall. 387 00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:09,500 'So we decided to camp that night on the banks. 'While the boys unloaded the canoe, 388 00:34:09,564 --> 00:34:12,064 'Jack Lester and I enjoyed ourselves.' 389 00:34:17,000 --> 00:34:19,936 Filming in Guyana had its problems. 390 00:34:20,000 --> 00:34:26,000 For me, humidity and rain was the big challenge on the equipment. 391 00:34:26,064 --> 00:34:30,000 How was I going to store all this stuff without getting wet, 392 00:34:30,064 --> 00:34:34,936 without having mildew and fungus growing on everything? It was a challenge. 393 00:34:35,000 --> 00:34:39,968 So we had biscuit tins with silica gel, which absorbs moisture. 394 00:34:40,032 --> 00:34:44,484 So every time we shot something, we put it in the biscuit tin 395 00:34:44,548 --> 00:34:50,936 and then when the tin was full we sealed it with camera tape and there it was with silica gel. 396 00:34:51,000 --> 00:34:53,936 You've only got to get a scratch on a film, something wrong 397 00:34:54,000 --> 00:35:00,000 with the exposures, a hair in the gate and you've wrecked everything. 398 00:35:00,064 --> 00:35:05,466 We could be away for three or four months, thinking that we'd got a film 399 00:35:05,530 --> 00:35:08,000 and the rushes come back ruined. 400 00:35:08,064 --> 00:35:12,000 And this really was a nerve-racking thing to live with. 401 00:35:14,000 --> 00:35:18,000 Despite the tricky conditions, the team soldiered on. 402 00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:22,000 'The first village we entered seemed deserted.' 403 00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:29,968 'Then we noticed two tame parrots on the eaves of one of the huts. 404 00:35:30,032 --> 00:35:33,984 'Whatever else these people were, they were obviously pet-keepers 405 00:35:34,048 --> 00:35:38,000 'and of course nothing could've been better from our point of view.' 406 00:35:39,000 --> 00:35:41,936 'Soon, the women emerged from the huts 407 00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:44,936 'and looked at us silently and impassively. 408 00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:47,936 'But there were no men for, as we later discovered, 409 00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:51,936 'they were all out in the forest on a hunting expedition. 410 00:35:52,000 --> 00:35:55,000 'In their absence, the women were busy with the household chores. 411 00:35:55,064 --> 00:35:57,936 'This young girl is weaving a bead apron, or mo'sa, 412 00:35:58,000 --> 00:36:02,000 'which traditionally is the only clothing that the women wear.' 413 00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:07,000 'Two other girls were busy cutting cassava.' 414 00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:14,936 'Cassava is the plant from whose swollen starchy roots 'the Indians make their bread. 415 00:36:15,000 --> 00:36:19,000 'As a food, though, it seems to me to have serious limitations. 416 00:36:19,064 --> 00:36:23,936 'Because its juice contains a deadly poison. 'Prussic acid, in fact. 417 00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:29,000 'So that before you eat it you must prepare it very carefully 'to get rid of the poison.' 418 00:36:33,000 --> 00:36:38,000 'First, it is peeled. 'And then the peeled roots are grated on a board 419 00:36:38,064 --> 00:36:41,000 'studded with small pieces of sharp stone.' 420 00:36:56,000 --> 00:36:58,936 'But you've still not got rid of the poisonous juice, 421 00:36:59,000 --> 00:37:03,000 'and to extract that, the Indians employ an extendable squeezer 422 00:37:03,064 --> 00:37:06,000 'that is a most cunning piece of basket work. 423 00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:13,000 'As you fill it, 'the weight of the grated cassava makes it becomes short and fat.' 424 00:37:23,000 --> 00:37:28,000 'When it's quite full, 'it's carried and hung on the end of one of the rafters of a hut.' 425 00:37:37,000 --> 00:37:40,000 'A pole is stuck through the loop at the bottom.' 426 00:37:49,000 --> 00:37:52,936 'And then all you have to do is to sit on it. 'Your weight makes the squeezer stretch, 427 00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:57,468 'so that instead of being short and fat, it becomes long and thin. 428 00:37:57,532 --> 00:38:02,000 'And the juice, with its prussic acid, falls out at the bottom. 429 00:38:02,064 --> 00:38:04,936 'Sometimes the Indians collect this juice 430 00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:08,000 'and use it in making poison for their blowpipe darts.' 431 00:38:09,000 --> 00:38:14,968 When the cassava is squeezed and the Indians are satisfied that no more poisonous juice 432 00:38:15,032 --> 00:38:19,000 'in it, it is emptied in dry pulpy lumps into a wicker basket.' 433 00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:28,000 'Then it's broken up and sifted into a sort of coarse flour.' 434 00:38:35,000 --> 00:38:38,468 'The actual cooking of the bread was, to me, fascinating 435 00:38:38,532 --> 00:38:42,000 'because it's done in exactly the same way as griddle cakes 436 00:38:42,064 --> 00:38:45,936 'and oatcakes are made in Scotland and Wales. 437 00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:49,968 'It's cooked, in fact, on a circular bakestone heated over a fire. 438 00:38:50,032 --> 00:38:54,000 'But as in Wales and Scotland, so in the upper Mazaruni River, 439 00:38:54,064 --> 00:38:57,000 'housewives have a little bad luck in turning the cakes.' 440 00:39:01,436 --> 00:39:03,936 'When the fat white circle of cassava bread 441 00:39:04,000 --> 00:39:08,000 'is cooked on both sides, it's put out on racks to dry in the sun.' 442 00:39:10,000 --> 00:39:12,936 'Having seen the whole of the cooking process, 443 00:39:13,000 --> 00:39:16,000 'I thought I really ought to see what the bread tasted like.' 444 00:39:18,000 --> 00:39:22,000 'Courtesy made me pretend that I enjoyed it, but I can't say I'd like 445 00:39:22,064 --> 00:39:27,000 'to spend the rest of my life 'living on cassava bread, as the Indians do.' 446 00:39:30,000 --> 00:39:35,000 As the Zoo Quest series continued, it revealed as much about the local people as the animals. 447 00:39:37,000 --> 00:39:41,000 'The children of the village 'had much better things to do than to cook.' 448 00:39:43,000 --> 00:39:45,500 'Fishing is much more fun.' 449 00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:53,000 'These two lads, Carlton and Codrice, 'became great friends of ours.' 450 00:39:58,000 --> 00:40:01,968 Of course, they knew the jungle absolutely backwards. 451 00:40:02,032 --> 00:40:06,000 They took us into the rainforest and made us feel ashamed 452 00:40:06,064 --> 00:40:08,936 at how little we knew and how much they knew. 453 00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:13,000 'There were two other pets in the village, and rather odd ones. 454 00:40:13,064 --> 00:40:17,936 'Capybara. 'They are not related to pigs as you might think, 455 00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:21,000 'but belong to the family that includes rats and mice. 456 00:40:21,064 --> 00:40:25,968 'The rodent family. 'They are, in fact, the largest rodents in the world. 457 00:40:26,032 --> 00:40:29,000 'And, when fully grown, they can be three feet long.' 458 00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:37,936 'These two were comparatively young ones. 'They had been reared from tiny babies 459 00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:41,968 'by the grandmother of our two friends, Carlton and Codrice. 460 00:40:42,032 --> 00:40:45,984 'They had never quite forgotten their childish habit of suckling 461 00:40:46,048 --> 00:40:53,000 'and were prepared to suck anything that was offered to them, 'including my finger.' 462 00:40:58,000 --> 00:41:00,936 'Nevertheless, they were fully equipped with 463 00:41:01,000 --> 00:41:04,000 'the long front incisor teeth of the rodent family.' 464 00:41:06,000 --> 00:41:12,936 And they ate bushels and bushels of grass.' They were very much village pets, actually. 465 00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:17,468 And although people ate capybaras, in order that nobody else would kill 466 00:41:17,532 --> 00:41:21,234 these village pets which had been reared since they were very young, 467 00:41:21,298 --> 00:41:25,000 they put red patches of paint on them so that they were identifiable. 468 00:41:26,000 --> 00:41:31,968 'The oddest thing about them 'is that they are really amphibious animals and in the wild 469 00:41:32,032 --> 00:41:36,000 'they spend a great deal of their time swimming in the rivers. 470 00:41:36,064 --> 00:41:39,000 'There are two clues to this habit of theirs. 471 00:41:39,064 --> 00:41:42,936 'The first is that 'their eyes and nostrils are placed very high on the head, 472 00:41:43,000 --> 00:41:47,000 'so that like the crocodile and the hippopotamus, they can lie submerged 473 00:41:47,064 --> 00:41:50,000 'in the river with just their eyes and nostrils out of water. 474 00:41:50,064 --> 00:41:53,000 'And the second is that their feet are webbed. 475 00:41:53,064 --> 00:41:56,000 'We were very anxious to film them swimming. 476 00:41:56,064 --> 00:42:01,000 'And for a long time, 'I tried to persuade them to go down into the river. But they wouldn't.' 477 00:42:02,000 --> 00:42:07,000 And Jack's big thing was these are supposed to be aquatic animals. 478 00:42:07,064 --> 00:42:11,000 "Why don't they ever go in the water? "I want to see film of them in the water." 479 00:42:11,064 --> 00:42:16,000 So I wanted to show this, but the wretched things wouldn't go into the river. 480 00:42:16,064 --> 00:42:21,000 'And then early one morning, 'Carlton and Codrice ran down to the river for a swim.' 481 00:42:22,634 --> 00:42:25,134 They just jumped into the river. 482 00:42:25,198 --> 00:42:31,032 Of course these capybara, which were semi-tame, followed them and jumped in the river too. 483 00:42:31,096 --> 00:42:35,936 And we got lovely film of the boys playing with the capybaras in the river. 484 00:42:36,000 --> 00:42:38,968 'And we discovered that not only were the two boys 485 00:42:39,032 --> 00:42:42,000 and their grandmother's capybara habitual playmates, 486 00:42:42,064 --> 00:42:47,000 'but that the pets would, in fact, 'never go into the water without the boys.' 487 00:42:58,000 --> 00:43:03,000 'I certainly wouldn't like to have said which of them 'were the better swimmers.' 488 00:43:14,968 --> 00:43:17,468 And it wasn't only Carlton and Codrice 489 00:43:17,532 --> 00:43:20,032 who enjoyed swimming in the river. 490 00:43:39,000 --> 00:43:43,000 After their swim, there was another skill the boys wanted to show off. 491 00:43:44,000 --> 00:43:48,000 'And our two friends, Carlton and Codrice, give us a short exhibition 492 00:43:48,064 --> 00:43:52,000 'of blowpipe practice, using a small pineapple as a target.' 493 00:44:10,000 --> 00:44:16,000 Both the little boys loaded these blowpipes... 494 00:44:16,064 --> 00:44:20,936 and you look along the top. And they went... 495 00:44:21,000 --> 00:44:25,000 And sometimes they missed, but mostly they were pretty accurate. 496 00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:35,936 After spending several weeks in the Mazaruni basin, 497 00:44:36,000 --> 00:44:38,999 the team continued their search throughout Guyana 498 00:44:39,063 --> 00:44:42,000 for animals that had never been filmed before. 499 00:45:22,000 --> 00:45:25,000 'Besides egrets, there were also other birds. Blue herons.' 500 00:45:27,000 --> 00:45:30,936 'And here on the top of a tree a snail-eating hawk, 501 00:45:31,000 --> 00:45:35,000 'living up to its name by actually eating a snail as we watched.' 502 00:45:37,000 --> 00:45:41,000 One of the most interesting things as far as I was concerned 503 00:45:41,064 --> 00:45:45,000 was a bird called a hoatzin, which lived in the coastal swamps. 504 00:45:47,000 --> 00:45:50,936 It had claws on the front of its wings. 505 00:45:51,000 --> 00:45:54,936 And birds as a whole are thought to have been derived 506 00:45:55,000 --> 00:45:59,000 from four-legged creatures, perhaps a branch of the dinosaur group. 507 00:46:01,000 --> 00:46:06,000 So, in a way, that gave you an insight into what the early birds 508 00:46:06,064 --> 00:46:09,500 with claws on their front legs, their wings, 509 00:46:09,564 --> 00:46:13,000 were like as they climbed around in the trees. 510 00:46:16,000 --> 00:46:20,000 It was the first film of hoatzin ever taken, as far as I know. 511 00:46:25,000 --> 00:46:28,936 The next destination for David and the team was the savanna 512 00:46:29,000 --> 00:46:34,000 of South Guyana, but the journey was not entirely plain sailing. 513 00:46:34,064 --> 00:46:36,936 Some of the transport, when we were lucky, 514 00:46:37,000 --> 00:46:42,468 was a little seaplane driven by a wonderful pilot. 515 00:46:42,532 --> 00:46:49,436 He must have been ex-air force or something like that, because he was just brilliant. 516 00:46:50,000 --> 00:46:56,000 And we had to take off on a fairly short-ish stretch of river 517 00:46:56,064 --> 00:47:01,000 which finished in very tall jungly trees. 518 00:47:01,064 --> 00:47:04,000 In it we had Jack Lester, me, David 519 00:47:04,064 --> 00:47:06,936 and a mass of equipment. 520 00:47:07,000 --> 00:47:09,936 It looked awfully overloaded to me. 521 00:47:10,000 --> 00:47:13,000 And Colonel Williams said, "Don't worry, lads." 522 00:47:13,064 --> 00:47:16,000 He said, "I've done this before." 523 00:47:16,064 --> 00:47:18,936 And the engines started. 524 00:47:19,000 --> 00:47:21,936 He put absolutely full boost on. 525 00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:27,000 And we roared down this stretch of river. And we got faster and faster. 526 00:47:35,000 --> 00:47:38,000 And suddenly I could see the trees coming closer and closer 527 00:47:38,064 --> 00:47:40,936 and closer and closer. He was going straight... 528 00:47:41,000 --> 00:47:44,000 I was convinced we were going to go straight into them. 529 00:47:44,064 --> 00:47:48,573 When suddenly when they were just very close, he suddenly put his arm around the controls 530 00:47:48,637 --> 00:47:52,936 and leant back like this. The plane went up into the sky. 531 00:47:53,000 --> 00:47:56,000 While he was doing that, he started fumbling. I said, "Are you OK?" 532 00:47:56,064 --> 00:47:59,000 He said, "Yeah, I need my bifocals." 533 00:47:59,064 --> 00:48:02,000 He changed his glasses. And we just made it. 534 00:48:21,000 --> 00:48:24,000 After what was certainly an interesting flight, 535 00:48:24,064 --> 00:48:26,936 they finally arrived at their destination. 536 00:48:27,000 --> 00:48:31,000 The wide Savanna in the south-west. The Rupununi. 537 00:48:34,000 --> 00:48:37,000 Here they met up with ranch owner Teddy Melville. 538 00:48:38,436 --> 00:48:40,936 'He took us up to a remote part of his ranch, 539 00:48:41,000 --> 00:48:45,000 'where he said he had heard reports of a large anaconda snake.' 540 00:48:50,000 --> 00:48:55,000 'The savannas were littered with giant termite hills, 'standing like tombstones.' 541 00:48:58,000 --> 00:49:02,936 'Teddy took us down to a thicket in a swamp 'where the snake was supposed to lurk. 542 00:49:03,000 --> 00:49:06,468 'But instead of finding signs of an anaconda, Teddy's sharp eye 543 00:49:06,532 --> 00:49:09,734 'immediately picked out the footprints of a giant anteater.' 544 00:49:09,798 --> 00:49:13,000 The big thing was whether we could get a giant anteater. 545 00:49:13,064 --> 00:49:15,936 So we had a go at it. 546 00:49:16,000 --> 00:49:19,000 In a rather extraordinary way. 547 00:49:19,064 --> 00:49:22,936 Amateur ham-fisted way. 'While we were looking at them, 548 00:49:23,000 --> 00:49:26,000 'there was a rustle on the other side of the thicket. We looked up.' 549 00:49:28,000 --> 00:49:31,000 'And there was the anteater itself galloping across the savannas. 550 00:49:31,064 --> 00:49:34,000 'Without thinking how we were actually going to catch it, 551 00:49:34,064 --> 00:49:36,564 'Jack and I set off wildly in pursuit.' 552 00:49:42,000 --> 00:49:45,468 And I ran after it. What I was going to do, I can't imagine. 553 00:49:45,532 --> 00:49:49,000 But I actually tried to slow it down by catching its tail. 554 00:49:49,064 --> 00:49:54,000 But when it turned round and had a look at me, I decided that was as far as I was going to take this. 555 00:49:59,000 --> 00:50:02,936 Giant anteaters have these huge powerful forelegs 556 00:50:03,000 --> 00:50:08,000 with enormous great claws on them, which they rip open termite hills. 557 00:50:08,064 --> 00:50:13,000 And the one thing to avoid was the embrace of the giant anteater because it was lethal. 558 00:50:24,000 --> 00:50:28,000 The local rancher who was helping us lassoed it, poor old thing. 559 00:50:34,000 --> 00:50:38,468 And we captured it. Jack had got it for the zoo. 560 00:50:38,532 --> 00:50:43,000 And it did very well. Lived for quite a long time. 561 00:50:48,000 --> 00:50:53,000 With all the animals collected, the expedition in South America had come to an end. 562 00:50:55,000 --> 00:50:58,000 But sadly, Jack Lester took a turn for the worse. 563 00:51:02,000 --> 00:51:07,968 Jack suddenly collapsed again. And he had to be flown home urgently. 564 00:51:08,032 --> 00:51:11,936 And the expedition then came to an end. 565 00:51:12,000 --> 00:51:15,468 It turned out that they didn't know what it was. 566 00:51:15,532 --> 00:51:18,936 I'm very sorry to say that Jack has been very ill. 567 00:51:19,000 --> 00:51:24,000 It started halfway to the expedition and he's still in hospital. 568 00:51:24,064 --> 00:51:28,000 I think he's probably looking in and we all wish him a very speedy recovery. 569 00:51:28,064 --> 00:51:30,936 When we came back, he was in hospital. 570 00:51:31,000 --> 00:51:35,000 So there was no question of him taking part. 571 00:51:35,064 --> 00:51:41,000 And in fact, he never really recovered. And he died a few months later. 572 00:51:51,000 --> 00:51:55,000 The Guyana series was another big hit with the British public. 573 00:51:55,064 --> 00:51:57,633 Keen to keep Zoo Quest as a regular event, 574 00:51:57,697 --> 00:52:01,000 it was time for David to choose the next destination. 575 00:52:06,968 --> 00:52:09,468 We'd done Africa, we'd done South America, 576 00:52:09,532 --> 00:52:11,936 and the Far East would be the obvious place. 577 00:52:12,000 --> 00:52:15,968 And I had read about giant lizards which the press had called 578 00:52:16,032 --> 00:52:19,984 dragons, which lived on a very small island in the middle 579 00:52:20,048 --> 00:52:24,000 of the Indonesian archipelago, in a place called Komodo. 580 00:52:25,000 --> 00:52:28,468 Well, having found it on the map, we then had to try and get there. 581 00:52:28,532 --> 00:52:32,734 But nobody in London could give us any idea as to how we could do so. 582 00:52:32,798 --> 00:52:37,000 So Charles and I decided the thing to do would be to fly to Singapore 583 00:52:37,064 --> 00:52:39,936 and then somehow, in some way or another, make our way 584 00:52:40,000 --> 00:52:44,000 slowly southwards and eastwards through these islands to Komodo. 585 00:52:44,064 --> 00:52:46,936 And the first place we decided to go to was the mouth 586 00:52:47,000 --> 00:52:51,000 of the Mahakam River, which goes right into the heart of Borneo. 587 00:52:55,000 --> 00:53:01,000 'Everyone had told us that the river 'was infested with man-eating crocodiles. 588 00:53:01,064 --> 00:53:04,936 'But it wasn't until one morning 'three weeks after our arrival in Borneo 589 00:53:05,000 --> 00:53:08,468 'when I was looking for frogs that were whistling and chirping 590 00:53:08,532 --> 00:53:12,000 'in the swamps fringing the river bank, that I actually saw one.' 591 00:53:18,000 --> 00:53:23,000 'And it was no ordinary one either, 'but the variety with the long thin nose. The gavial.' 592 00:53:28,000 --> 00:53:31,000 The only problem with it was it was tiny. I mean, it was a baby. 593 00:53:31,064 --> 00:53:35,000 So I had the idea that we would make a kind of joke of it. 594 00:53:35,064 --> 00:53:41,000 And that we would film it all in close-up and then I'd film myself taking off my shirt, 595 00:53:41,064 --> 00:53:46,000 and we hoped the audience would say, "He's not going to tackle that huge thing, is he?!" 596 00:53:52,000 --> 00:53:59,000 And only when I jumped on it would the people realise that it was just a tiny thing. 597 00:54:03,000 --> 00:54:07,000 'As you can see, no-one could class this little baby as a man-eater, 598 00:54:07,064 --> 00:54:11,936 'even though he had got quite a bite.' We shot it that way and edited it that way. 599 00:54:12,000 --> 00:54:16,000 But as far as I could see, nobody ever saw the joke. 600 00:54:28,000 --> 00:54:30,968 Happily, we had met a very nice English-speaking Dutchman 601 00:54:31,032 --> 00:54:34,000 called Daan Joubert who acted as an interpreter for us. 602 00:54:36,000 --> 00:54:40,936 'The village itself, like all Dayak villages, 'consisted only of a single long house, 603 00:54:41,000 --> 00:54:45,000 'which stretched for several hundred yards along the river bank. 604 00:54:45,064 --> 00:54:49,000 'The people who watched us from the galleries of the house 605 00:54:49,064 --> 00:54:51,936 'seemed to be very different 'from those we had met lower down the river. 606 00:54:52,000 --> 00:54:55,468 'The head man was on his way into the forest to hunt. 607 00:54:55,532 --> 00:54:59,000 'He showed us his stout blowpipe tipped with a spearhead, 608 00:54:59,064 --> 00:55:02,000 'which he said was very useful for stabbing.' 609 00:55:05,000 --> 00:55:08,968 'And his hat, which was very light and woven from palm leaves. 610 00:55:09,032 --> 00:55:13,000 'We both bought and wore ones like it later on and found them 611 00:55:13,064 --> 00:55:17,000 'to be ideal headwear for the Tropics. Cool and shady.' 612 00:55:18,436 --> 00:55:20,936 'He never carried a gun, he told us, 613 00:55:21,000 --> 00:55:25,000 'but relied on his parang - a crude and heavy Dayak bush knife.' 614 00:55:27,000 --> 00:55:32,936 'He said that we would be very welcome to stay in the village 'for as long as we wished.' 615 00:55:33,000 --> 00:55:36,936 The long house never went to sleep. There was always somebody trundling about. 616 00:55:37,000 --> 00:55:39,936 So all the time you were going up and down like this. 617 00:55:40,000 --> 00:55:44,000 And down on the ground there were pigs and there were chickens 618 00:55:44,064 --> 00:55:47,936 and they were moving around all night. 619 00:55:48,000 --> 00:55:50,968 And on top of that there were some people chanting. 620 00:55:51,032 --> 00:55:53,936 And I don't think I slept at all the first night. 621 00:55:54,000 --> 00:55:57,000 In the morning, I said, "What was all the chanting about?" 622 00:55:57,064 --> 00:56:02,936 And they said, "They were chanting "because some important people have recently died. 623 00:56:03,000 --> 00:56:07,936 "It's a funeral chant." I said, "Really? Where are the bodies?" 624 00:56:08,000 --> 00:56:14,000 He said, "Didn't you notice them? They were just alongside you there." 625 00:56:14,064 --> 00:56:16,936 "Oh!" I said, "I didn't realise." 626 00:56:17,000 --> 00:56:20,000 But, no, it was a communal life all right. 627 00:56:20,064 --> 00:56:26,000 And they were lovely people. And one of them found a little baby bear. A cub. 628 00:56:27,000 --> 00:56:29,936 'The little cub was obviously very young. 629 00:56:30,000 --> 00:56:34,468 'I reckoned about two weeks old. He seemed to be in good condition, 630 00:56:34,532 --> 00:56:39,000 'but he hadn't got any teeth and obviously was still feeding on milk. 631 00:56:39,064 --> 00:56:43,180 'We had got a baby's bottle on board, 'ready for such a case as this, 632 00:56:43,244 --> 00:56:47,936 but I wondered whether he was 'yet old enough for us to be able to rear him. 633 00:56:48,000 --> 00:56:55,000 'First, however, he had to be put in a box and covered up, 'so that he kept warm.' 634 00:56:57,000 --> 00:57:00,000 'As soon as the sun went down, it gets quite cold on that river, 635 00:57:00,064 --> 00:57:03,000 'and we didn't want to risk our new pet catching a chill.' 636 00:57:08,000 --> 00:57:11,000 'And then I had to set about the urgent job of making 637 00:57:11,064 --> 00:57:14,000 'a bottle of dilute condensed milk. 638 00:57:14,064 --> 00:57:18,000 'Urgent because the little cub 'was already calling very loudly indeed for his food.' 639 00:57:23,000 --> 00:57:26,000 'The milk seemed to be about the right temperature.' 640 00:57:31,000 --> 00:57:36,000 'And, to my relief, the young cub was soon guzzling away contentedly.' 641 00:57:45,000 --> 00:57:49,936 And here he is. Twice as large, I should say, but still just as hungry. 642 00:57:50,000 --> 00:57:54,697 And still making this extraordinary little noise which he used to make out there in Borneo. 643 00:57:54,761 --> 00:57:58,936 Oh, Benjamin! He's grown considerably since we had him. 644 00:57:59,000 --> 00:58:01,936 The cameraman who took all those pictures is here. 645 00:58:02,000 --> 00:58:06,000 And Charles has had him in his flat ever since we came back. 646 00:58:06,064 --> 00:58:10,936 Has he caused any trouble, Charles? Well, he's fairly destructive. 647 00:58:11,000 --> 00:58:17,000 He likes to eat the lino, newspapers, telephone directories, almost everything. 648 00:58:17,436 --> 00:58:19,936 Benjamin became known as the Zoo Quest Bear 649 00:58:20,000 --> 00:58:24,000 and I even wrote a little book about him. He was charming. 650 00:58:25,000 --> 00:58:27,500 Very nice. 651 00:58:29,000 --> 00:58:31,936 Well, you're very sweet. What about his teeth? 652 00:58:32,000 --> 00:58:35,000 Have you had a bite from him? Yes, he draws blood regularly now. 653 00:58:35,064 --> 00:58:38,500 When he misses the bottle and gets your finger instead. 654 00:58:38,564 --> 00:58:41,936 In that case, I think when you've finished, Benjamin, 655 00:58:42,000 --> 00:58:45,000 we'll let him go back to your flat and draw a little more blood! 656 00:58:47,000 --> 00:58:50,936 Benjamin had very bent little feet. 657 00:58:51,000 --> 00:58:54,936 And I took it for a walk on a little collar 658 00:58:55,000 --> 00:59:01,000 and a woman appeared from the distance shaking her umbrella at me 659 00:59:01,064 --> 00:59:04,936 and said, "Can't you see your dog's got rickets?" 660 00:59:05,000 --> 00:59:09,000 And then she looked at it and said, "Ooh, it's a bear." 661 00:59:09,064 --> 00:59:11,564 And she ran off in the opposite direction! 662 00:59:16,000 --> 00:59:20,552 After Borneo, David and Charles travelled eastwards across Java, 663 00:59:20,616 --> 00:59:23,116 the next island on their quest. 664 00:59:34,000 --> 00:59:37,000 'On our way through Java, we passed many beautiful buildings.' 665 00:59:39,000 --> 00:59:45,000 'But we saw none more lovely 'than the beautiful Buddhist temple of Borobudur, 666 00:59:45,064 --> 00:59:48,000 'which was built over 1,000 years ago.' 667 00:59:52,000 --> 00:59:57,936 'It rises tier up on tier, shrine upon shrine, 668 00:59:58,000 --> 01:00:02,000 'until at the top there is one final gigantic monument.' 669 01:00:10,000 --> 01:00:15,000 'But Java is a country not only of temples, but of volcanoes. 670 01:00:15,064 --> 01:00:19,000 'And our route eastwards 'took us past the still-active crater of Bromo. 671 01:00:23,000 --> 01:00:27,936 'The Jeep couldn't take us up the mountain, 'so in the early dawn one morning, 672 01:00:28,000 --> 01:00:31,000 'we met some hillmen and hired some ponies. 673 01:00:37,000 --> 01:00:41,936 'By midday, the volcano collects a blanket of cloud above it, 674 01:00:42,000 --> 01:00:46,000 'but now, at five o'clock in the morning, it was still quite clear. 675 01:00:51,000 --> 01:00:56,000 'To get to the crater, we had to descend on to a great plain, 676 01:00:56,064 --> 01:00:59,000 'a sea of sand which surrounds the central cone. 677 01:01:11,000 --> 01:01:16,000 'Now, the ground steepened and we had to leave the horses 'and continue on foot.' 678 01:01:27,000 --> 01:01:29,936 'Looking down into the depths of the crater, 679 01:01:30,000 --> 01:01:33,468 'it seemed easy enough to clamber right down to that central vent. 680 01:01:33,532 --> 01:01:37,000 'But our guides would go no further, for they said that the crater was 681 01:01:37,064 --> 01:01:40,936 'full of invisible pockets of poison gas 682 01:01:41,000 --> 01:01:44,000 'and that people who had gone farther down had never returned. 683 01:01:45,000 --> 01:01:49,000 'Even from where we were standing, the air was full of choking, 684 01:01:49,064 --> 01:01:52,936 'sulphurous fumes and the ground beneath our feet shook 685 01:01:53,000 --> 01:01:57,000 'as the clouds of poisonous smoke belched out from the vent. 686 01:01:57,064 --> 01:02:01,000 'It's down there that sacrifices are thrown every year 687 01:02:01,064 --> 01:02:03,936 'to placate the god of the volcano. 688 01:02:04,000 --> 01:02:07,936 'These days, only chickens, cloth and money. 689 01:02:08,000 --> 01:02:12,000 'But in olden times, the sacrifice was a human one. 690 01:02:22,000 --> 01:02:29,000 'We left the volcano with the clouds gathering in a shroud above it 'and continued on our way. 691 01:02:31,000 --> 01:02:37,000 'And the next day, we reached the southern coast of Java 'and the sea, the Indian Ocean.' 692 01:02:56,000 --> 01:03:00,000 Very often, we slept on the beaches, which are wonderful places. 693 01:03:03,000 --> 01:03:07,000 It was very lucky that Charles and I got on so well together. 694 01:03:07,064 --> 01:03:11,000 I certainly look on back with my friendship with him with great pleasure. 695 01:03:12,000 --> 01:03:17,000 I don't know why we hit it off. We hit it off from day one. 696 01:03:19,000 --> 01:03:21,936 I don't think we ever had a cross word. 697 01:03:22,000 --> 01:03:26,968 I don't think we ever worried about each other's problems. 698 01:03:27,032 --> 01:03:34,000 I knew he could cope with what he was doing and he relied, hopefully, on everything I was doing. 699 01:03:36,000 --> 01:03:40,000 The next day, they set off inland. 700 01:03:45,000 --> 01:03:51,000 In Jack Lester's absence, David had to take on the role of catching animals, including snakes. 701 01:03:53,000 --> 01:03:57,000 'It looked enormous, and from its size and markings, 702 01:03:57,064 --> 01:03:59,936 'I was quite sure that it was a python 703 01:04:00,000 --> 01:04:03,968 'and therefore, non-poisonous, which was something of a relief.' 704 01:04:04,032 --> 01:04:07,936 So, I thought, "Oh, this is the moment!" Nothing frightened, 705 01:04:08,000 --> 01:04:13,000 I skipped up the tree and took out my trusty cutlass and I thought, 706 01:04:13,064 --> 01:04:18,000 "I won't grapple with the snake up in the tree, "I'll cut the branch down." 707 01:04:42,000 --> 01:04:46,000 The branch came down and I nipped down the tree 708 01:04:46,064 --> 01:04:49,000 and then had to face the python. 709 01:04:52,000 --> 01:04:55,936 So I tried to remember what I'd learnt in West Africa. 710 01:04:56,000 --> 01:05:00,936 I picked up a sack and tried to throw it over the animal's head, very inexpertly, I must say. 711 01:05:01,000 --> 01:05:05,000 It went nowhere near the head! But I was quite nervous, after all. 712 01:05:12,000 --> 01:05:18,000 But eventually, I managed to throw it over the animal's head and grasp it by the neck. 713 01:05:19,000 --> 01:05:22,000 'It's important to grab his tail as soon as you grab his head, 714 01:05:22,064 --> 01:05:27,000 'otherwise he'll wrap his great coils around you 'and give you a very nasty squeeze. 715 01:05:32,000 --> 01:05:37,000 'And here he is in the studio. 'The python is not a poisonous snake at all, 716 01:05:37,064 --> 01:05:39,936 'it kills its prey by squeezing it.' 717 01:05:40,000 --> 01:05:46,000 Of course, my expertise as an animal handler, a zoo man, as it were, 718 01:05:46,064 --> 01:05:50,000 was exposed rather painfully every now and again on television. 719 01:05:50,064 --> 01:05:54,000 Well, helping me... Helping me control... 720 01:05:54,064 --> 01:05:58,936 ..this python is Mr Langwarne from the reptile house in the London Zoo. 721 01:05:59,000 --> 01:06:03,000 I'm pretending to be very accomplished and expert about snakes 722 01:06:03,064 --> 01:06:08,000 in front of Mr Langwarne, who was the head keeper of the reptile house. 723 01:06:08,064 --> 01:06:12,468 He's quite a handful now, isn't he? You could quite imagine how these powerful coils 724 01:06:12,532 --> 01:06:14,936 could really give you quite a crush. Oh, yes. 725 01:06:15,000 --> 01:06:19,936 He was very charitable towards my attempts at trying to control this wretched snake. 726 01:06:20,000 --> 01:06:23,936 He's doing... Well, it's a very good example of how he constricts his food. 727 01:06:24,000 --> 01:06:26,936 Shall I just show you, or will you lose your hand? 728 01:06:27,000 --> 01:06:30,000 No, I don't think so. You'll be able to get out eventually. 729 01:06:30,064 --> 01:06:33,000 Well, I think we'll untie you later. Thank you very much for coming. 730 01:06:43,000 --> 01:06:48,000 After leaving Java, the team continued their journey east onto Bali. 731 01:07:05,000 --> 01:07:08,000 A few minutes of travel was enough to show us 732 01:07:08,064 --> 01:07:11,936 that in coming to the island of Bali, we had come to a different world. 733 01:07:12,000 --> 01:07:15,000 There were high mud walls round the houses, 734 01:07:15,064 --> 01:07:20,936 which we'd never seen in Java. The people looked quite different. 735 01:07:21,000 --> 01:07:25,533 And as we travelled along the grassy tracks, we passed through the terraced rice fields 736 01:07:25,597 --> 01:07:28,097 for which Bali is famous. 737 01:07:56,000 --> 01:07:58,936 It was an intoxicating place, 738 01:07:59,000 --> 01:08:04,000 because it was, er...full of beauty. 739 01:08:14,000 --> 01:08:19,000 But above all, we were impressed by the great number of temples. 740 01:08:19,064 --> 01:08:22,534 There were temples everywhere, and all were decorated 741 01:08:22,598 --> 01:08:25,098 with a wealth of intricate carvings. 742 01:08:27,000 --> 01:08:30,000 This one lay in the centre of a small forest. 743 01:08:33,000 --> 01:08:36,936 Many Balinese temples are sacred to a particular animal, 744 01:08:37,000 --> 01:08:41,468 and the courtyard of this one was haunted by a troop of monkeys, 745 01:08:41,532 --> 01:08:46,000 ever-hungry to snatch food from worshippers who came to the temple. 746 01:08:48,000 --> 01:08:50,936 It was a real joy to meet these bold creatures, 747 01:08:51,000 --> 01:08:54,000 even if they did do their best to steal things from my pocket. 748 01:09:06,000 --> 01:09:09,936 When they are grooming one another, they're not simply looking for fleas, 749 01:09:10,000 --> 01:09:14,000 but are searching one another's skin for tasty little grains of salt. 750 01:09:25,000 --> 01:09:29,340 We had a problem. When we changed film quickly on the camera, 751 01:09:29,404 --> 01:09:31,936 normally you'd have a clapperboard. 752 01:09:32,000 --> 01:09:35,000 We didn't have clapperboards, so we weren't running in sync. 753 01:09:35,064 --> 01:09:40,000 So David invented a clever system - raffle tickets! 754 01:09:40,064 --> 01:09:43,936 He would always have them in his pocket, 755 01:09:44,000 --> 01:09:46,968 and when we changed a reel, he'd fish it out, 756 01:09:47,032 --> 01:09:50,000 and he'd just hold it up in front of the camera 757 01:09:50,064 --> 01:09:52,936 and stick it on the camera film, 758 01:09:53,000 --> 01:09:56,000 and that was our way of pre-editing the film 759 01:09:56,064 --> 01:09:59,000 and knowing what was on what. 760 01:10:02,000 --> 01:10:04,936 The whole business of 60mm film at the time, 761 01:10:05,000 --> 01:10:09,000 we didn't have any code of behaviour or any expertise, really. 762 01:10:09,064 --> 01:10:12,000 We just did it the way we thought was sensible. 763 01:10:12,064 --> 01:10:18,936 It was clockwork-driven and you had 40 seconds of film before it ran out. 764 01:10:19,000 --> 01:10:24,000 Then you had to stop and wind it up again. And it only took 100ft reels. 765 01:10:24,064 --> 01:10:26,936 That's two minutes 40 in 60mm. 766 01:10:27,000 --> 01:10:30,936 So, this is quite a handicap when you're filming. 767 01:10:31,000 --> 01:10:37,000 Especially when filming complex sequences, like a village festival. 768 01:10:56,000 --> 01:10:59,936 The music of Bali is particularly beautiful, 769 01:11:00,000 --> 01:11:04,000 the gamelan music, and of the most brilliant kind. 770 01:11:10,000 --> 01:11:16,936 The gamelan plays and rehearses every night, every night in the village. 771 01:11:17,000 --> 01:11:20,936 'These young girls are only eight years old 772 01:11:21,000 --> 01:11:25,000 'and they've been training to perform this beautiful temple dance, 773 01:11:25,064 --> 01:11:27,936 'the Legong, since they were six. 774 01:11:28,000 --> 01:11:32,936 'They wear on their heads crowns of leather and gold leaf, 775 01:11:33,000 --> 01:11:37,000 'decorated with the ivory coloured blossoms of the frangipani tree.' 776 01:12:13,000 --> 01:12:15,936 While Charles filmed it, I recorded the music 777 01:12:16,000 --> 01:12:20,000 and I think Bali's gamelan music was heard for the first time 778 01:12:20,064 --> 01:12:23,000 by millions of people in Britain. 779 01:12:30,000 --> 01:12:33,000 The Balinese are not only great sculptors 780 01:12:33,064 --> 01:12:36,936 and instrumental musicians, but they are also great actors 781 01:12:37,000 --> 01:12:44,000 and they're continually re-enacting the stories from the Ramayana 782 01:12:44,064 --> 01:12:48,000 and from the Balinese version of some of the Hindu legends. 783 01:12:49,000 --> 01:12:54,000 'Now begins the masked play. A demon descends the temple steps.' 784 01:13:18,000 --> 01:13:20,936 It's a deeply religious thing. 785 01:13:21,000 --> 01:13:25,936 The villagers watch this enactment of the story again and again and again. 786 01:13:26,000 --> 01:13:31,936 One of the great epics is there's a battle between the evil, 787 01:13:32,000 --> 01:13:37,000 which is represented by a horrifying witch, who has a long tongue 788 01:13:37,064 --> 01:13:42,000 and huge long fingernails and is a terrifying figure. 789 01:13:42,064 --> 01:13:45,000 'Rangda, the dreaded evil witch.' 790 01:13:57,000 --> 01:14:01,000 Who then attacks a very friendly mythical creature called Barong. 791 01:14:03,000 --> 01:14:07,000 'And now comes the superb Barong, the mythical monster which lives 792 01:14:07,064 --> 01:14:09,500 'in the temple and is the guardian 793 01:14:09,564 --> 01:14:12,064 'of the village and of its graveyard.' 794 01:14:16,000 --> 01:14:19,968 And the battle between Rangda and the Barong is one of the great 795 01:14:20,032 --> 01:14:24,000 dramas that is enacted by these rituals which go on every day. 796 01:14:24,064 --> 01:14:26,564 'And now begins the fight. 797 01:14:33,000 --> 01:14:35,936 'The men from the village, in a state of trance, 798 01:14:36,000 --> 01:14:41,936 'rush down from the temple, waving their swords to attack Rangda 'and protect the Barong. 799 01:14:42,000 --> 01:14:46,000 'But Rangda, by her evil power, is able to hold them at bay.' 800 01:14:55,000 --> 01:14:59,000 And then suddenly, the Rangda makes a spell, whoof! 801 01:14:59,064 --> 01:15:04,468 'With a flourish of her magic cloth, 'she forces them to turn their daggers upon themselves. 802 01:15:04,532 --> 01:15:09,936 'The men, almost insensible, try to thrust these sharp 'swords into their chest.' 803 01:15:10,000 --> 01:15:14,000 They really looked that they were going to pierce their abdomens 804 01:15:14,064 --> 01:15:16,500 with them and they pushed and they pushed. 805 01:15:16,564 --> 01:15:18,936 But the Barong is sufficiently powerful, 806 01:15:19,000 --> 01:15:23,000 so it means that the daggers don't pierce their chest. 807 01:15:23,064 --> 01:15:27,548 'The Barong's power is stronger than Rangda's 'and he is able to protect his followers, 808 01:15:27,612 --> 01:15:30,112 so that no blood is shed. 809 01:15:37,000 --> 01:15:39,936 'Now, the priest comes from the temple 810 01:15:40,000 --> 01:15:44,000 'and scatters holy water to bring the men out of their trances. 811 01:15:57,000 --> 01:16:01,000 'The men rush back into the temple. The Barong disappears. 812 01:16:01,064 --> 01:16:04,500 'And all that is left are the mangy curs, 813 01:16:04,564 --> 01:16:08,000 'eating the priest's offerings to the gods. 814 01:16:12,000 --> 01:16:15,468 'I can offer no explanation for that extraordinary performance,' 815 01:16:15,532 --> 01:16:21,000 but I was a little worried lest Rangda the witch should decide to turn their swords on the BBC. 816 01:16:23,000 --> 01:16:26,468 Well, two days after that dance, we had to leave Bali 817 01:16:26,532 --> 01:16:30,000 and continue on the last leg of our trip to Komodo, 818 01:16:30,064 --> 01:16:33,500 the island of the giant lizards, the dragons. 819 01:16:33,564 --> 01:16:37,000 Komodo was on the western end, the farther end, 820 01:16:37,064 --> 01:16:40,000 of this banana-shaped island. 821 01:16:40,064 --> 01:16:42,936 So we went down to the harbour. 822 01:16:43,000 --> 01:16:49,000 There was one single sail 30ft little fishing boat there. 823 01:16:49,064 --> 01:16:51,936 And that was all there was. 824 01:16:52,000 --> 01:16:55,968 So, eventually, we managed to talk to the skipper of this boat 825 01:16:56,032 --> 01:17:00,000 and he said no problem and we said, "Can you take us to Komodo?" 826 01:17:00,064 --> 01:17:03,936 He said, "Oh, yes." So we agreed and there was Charles and me 827 01:17:04,000 --> 01:17:07,968 and there was Sabran, our guide, who was the interpreter. 828 01:17:08,032 --> 01:17:12,000 And there was the captain and some boys, who were his crew. 829 01:17:12,064 --> 01:17:14,936 We had no choice by then, 830 01:17:15,000 --> 01:17:22,000 so we loaded all our stores onto this miserable little 30-footer. 831 01:17:25,000 --> 01:17:30,000 'We loaded all our equipment into the hold beneath the tiny cabin. 832 01:17:30,064 --> 01:17:32,564 'That was the tape recorder. 833 01:17:34,000 --> 01:17:36,500 'Our kit, 834 01:17:39,000 --> 01:17:43,936 'and the camera. 'We didn't take much food 835 01:17:44,000 --> 01:17:46,968 'because we expected to be able to catch enough fish to last us 836 01:17:47,032 --> 01:17:50,000 'for the few days it was going to take us to get to Komodo. 837 01:17:52,000 --> 01:17:54,500 'Here comes Sabran. 838 01:17:58,000 --> 01:18:00,500 'The sail goes up. 839 01:18:04,000 --> 01:18:06,500 'We haul up the anchor. 840 01:18:09,000 --> 01:18:11,500 'And at last, we're off. 841 01:18:12,000 --> 01:18:15,468 'We headed away from the shore and soon, 842 01:18:15,532 --> 01:18:19,000 'the trade winds were filling our sails. 843 01:18:23,000 --> 01:18:25,936 'The boys took it in turn on the tiller. 844 01:18:26,000 --> 01:18:29,968 'This is Hasan, a cheerful lad who unfortunately was not a particularly 845 01:18:30,032 --> 01:18:34,000 'good steersman, as he had the habit of falling asleep at the tiller.' 846 01:18:34,064 --> 01:18:36,936 The boy would fall asleep, day or night, 847 01:18:37,000 --> 01:18:41,000 and we'd finish up with this awful crunching noise in the night, 848 01:18:41,064 --> 01:18:43,936 to find that we were on a coral island. 849 01:18:44,000 --> 01:18:48,000 So I said, "I think we're on a coral island." He said, "Argh! 850 01:18:48,064 --> 01:18:52,000 "They are no good!" "What are we going to do?" 851 01:18:52,064 --> 01:18:54,564 We eventually poled ourselves off. 852 01:18:56,000 --> 01:18:58,968 'Sabran, always eager to make himself useful, 853 01:18:59,032 --> 01:19:02,000 'had quickly improvised a kitchen in the stern. 854 01:19:06,000 --> 01:19:10,000 'He had found an empty petrol tin, which would serve as a grate, 855 01:19:10,064 --> 01:19:13,000 'and in it, he had lit a wood fire.' 856 01:19:17,000 --> 01:19:23,000 The trip took nearly three weeks. We lived entirely on boiled rice. 857 01:19:23,064 --> 01:19:28,936 The fish that we were going to have was non-existent. 858 01:19:29,000 --> 01:19:32,968 We said, "Where's your fishing tackle?" This was early on. 859 01:19:33,032 --> 01:19:37,000 "Why aren't you fishing?" He said, "I'm no fisherman." 860 01:19:40,000 --> 01:19:45,000 'To the south of us stretched the mountainous coast of Flores. 861 01:19:45,064 --> 01:19:48,000 'Somewhere, 200 miles ahead, lay Komodo. 862 01:19:50,000 --> 01:19:54,000 'The wind was strong and fair and we were making a good four knots 863 01:19:54,064 --> 01:19:56,564 'through the brilliant clear blue sea.' 864 01:20:03,000 --> 01:20:07,936 And I then said to the captain, "How long will it be before we get to Komodo?" 865 01:20:08,000 --> 01:20:13,000 And the captain said, "Tidak tahu," which means "I don't know". 866 01:20:13,436 --> 01:20:15,936 The only map we had was the airline map 867 01:20:16,000 --> 01:20:21,936 and Komodo was rather smaller than a full stop, a little dot on the western end. 868 01:20:22,000 --> 01:20:27,000 And he looked at this map and he said, "Where are we?" 869 01:20:27,064 --> 01:20:33,468 An awful thought struck me. I said, "You have been to Komodo before, haven't you?" 870 01:20:33,532 --> 01:20:36,936 He said, "Belum," and I didn't know what that meant, 871 01:20:37,000 --> 01:20:41,000 so I had to go down to the hold and get out my little Indonesian 872 01:20:41,064 --> 01:20:45,000 dictionary and it said "belum - not yet". 873 01:20:46,000 --> 01:20:49,936 So he had no idea where we were going. 874 01:20:50,000 --> 01:20:54,468 We said to him, "Are you sure you know where you are?" 875 01:20:54,532 --> 01:20:58,234 And he said, "We are there," and he pointed to Borneo, 876 01:20:58,298 --> 01:21:01,936 which was probably about 1,000 miles away from us. 877 01:21:02,000 --> 01:21:08,000 'It was very hot in the blazing sun and Hasan draped his sarong over 878 01:21:08,064 --> 01:21:10,936 'his head to protect him from the heat. 879 01:21:11,000 --> 01:21:16,000 'And we had nothing to do but to lie on deck 'and wonder what lay ahead of us in Komodo. 880 01:21:18,000 --> 01:21:22,936 'Our fresh water was stored in this earthenware jar, 'lashed to the tiny cabin. 881 01:21:23,000 --> 01:21:25,968 'Unfortunately, it got very hot in the sun.' 882 01:21:26,032 --> 01:21:29,000 It could have been soup because it had nothing 883 01:21:29,064 --> 01:21:35,000 but mosquito larvae wriggling in it. 'But nonetheless, it was quite refreshing.' 884 01:21:38,000 --> 01:21:43,000 This just went on and on and on and we were hungry, 885 01:21:43,064 --> 01:21:45,936 sleeping out on deck, mosquitoes. 886 01:21:46,000 --> 01:21:50,000 So it was in the evening and it was blowing quite a gale, actually, 887 01:21:50,064 --> 01:21:53,000 and so I said to the captain, "I think we go this way now." 888 01:21:54,000 --> 01:21:59,000 But the sea rose and it rose and it got darker and it got darker 889 01:21:59,064 --> 01:22:03,000 and it became quite dangerous. 890 01:22:05,000 --> 01:22:07,936 And suddenly, we were in whirlpools. 891 01:22:08,000 --> 01:22:10,968 And the waves were tremendous. What were we going to do? 892 01:22:11,032 --> 01:22:14,000 The water was going round, the ship was going round. 893 01:22:14,064 --> 01:22:17,000 You could see the sort of fangs of coral, 894 01:22:17,064 --> 01:22:19,936 rocks, in the middle of this whirlpool. 895 01:22:20,000 --> 01:22:23,000 So we were poling away and it's pouring with rain. 896 01:22:23,064 --> 01:22:28,936 Quite honestly, neither of us were sure that we would ever see each other again. 897 01:22:29,000 --> 01:22:32,000 Unfortunately, we weren't to show any of this on television 898 01:22:32,064 --> 01:22:35,936 because of course, we weren't filming. Charles wasn't filming, 899 01:22:36,000 --> 01:22:39,936 Charles was poling away like the rest of us. It was that dicey. 900 01:22:40,000 --> 01:22:44,936 And the captain was saying things like, "Setengah mati, setengah mati!" 901 01:22:45,000 --> 01:22:48,936 He's saying, "I'm half dead! Setengah mati!" 902 01:22:49,000 --> 01:22:53,000 And finally, about four o'clock in the morning, just before dawn, 903 01:22:53,064 --> 01:22:56,000 we managed to get out of the whirlpool area 904 01:22:56,064 --> 01:22:59,000 and into calmer waters in a little bay. 905 01:23:00,000 --> 01:23:05,000 'So, at last, we sailed safely into the wide, calm bay of Komodo. 906 01:23:06,000 --> 01:23:11,000 'The island looked most exciting, as we sailed close by its shores. 907 01:23:13,000 --> 01:23:15,936 'Brilliant white beaches of coral sand, 908 01:23:16,000 --> 01:23:19,936 'clumps of bush near the water's edge, and above them, 909 01:23:20,000 --> 01:23:25,000 'gaunt, bare, volcanic hills, covered in sunburnt brown grass, 910 01:23:25,064 --> 01:23:27,936 'with a few palm trees here and there. 911 01:23:28,000 --> 01:23:32,000 'This was the home of the dragon, which we'd come so far to see. 912 01:23:48,000 --> 01:23:51,936 'We were so happy and relieved to have arrived after such a long 913 01:23:52,000 --> 01:23:57,000 'and tricky voyage that to our eyes, the village seemed a real paradise. 914 01:24:00,000 --> 01:24:04,000 'The Petinggi, or headman, was sitting on the steps of his house. 915 01:24:04,064 --> 01:24:08,000 'He welcomed us very kindly and invited us inside.' 916 01:24:10,000 --> 01:24:13,968 And the chief, the Petinggi, gave us a little feast and during 917 01:24:14,032 --> 01:24:19,936 that, he said, "You know, that captain of yours is not a good man. "He's actually a gun runner. 918 01:24:20,000 --> 01:24:26,936 "He's been smuggling guns to rebels in Sulawesi "and the navy is after him." 919 01:24:27,000 --> 01:24:31,000 That's why he was the only person in the harbour. 920 01:24:31,064 --> 01:24:33,936 All the rest were out fishing. 921 01:24:34,000 --> 01:24:38,000 With a lucky escape behind them, the team continued on their quest. 922 01:24:38,064 --> 01:24:41,000 This time with the added ingredient of dragon bait. 923 01:24:43,000 --> 01:24:45,936 'We walked, carrying the two goats, with our cameras 924 01:24:46,000 --> 01:24:50,000 'and recording equipment, ready for this final stage in our expedition.' 925 01:24:52,000 --> 01:24:57,000 The Komodo dragons had never been filmed, at least not professionally. 926 01:24:58,000 --> 01:25:04,000 And this was going to be a top draw if we got pictures of one. 927 01:25:06,000 --> 01:25:09,000 The only problem was that there was not a lot of light. 928 01:25:09,064 --> 01:25:13,936 There was quite heavy bush there. It was too dark, according to Charles, for us 929 01:25:14,000 --> 01:25:19,000 to use our colour stock, so we had to film it in black and white. 930 01:25:19,064 --> 01:25:22,000 'Now, we had to set about building a trap. 931 01:25:22,064 --> 01:25:26,000 'All the materials you need to make it can be 'obtained in the forest itself.' 932 01:25:30,000 --> 01:25:35,936 They attached the trap door to a simple trigger mechanism, using a rope. 933 01:25:36,000 --> 01:25:38,936 'He put a piece of goat's flesh inside 934 01:25:39,000 --> 01:25:42,000 'and then shrouded that end with palm leaves.' 935 01:25:47,000 --> 01:25:51,000 'We waited, but not for long. Within half an hour, there was 936 01:25:51,064 --> 01:25:53,564 'a rustle in the bush and there was the dragon. 937 01:26:00,000 --> 01:26:04,468 'This was tremendously exciting for us. 'Our first sight of this magnificent monster, 938 01:26:04,532 --> 01:26:09,936 'the climax of four months of arduous travel. 'He was enormous. 939 01:26:10,000 --> 01:26:13,936 'As he circled us, flicking out his great yellow tongue, 940 01:26:14,000 --> 01:26:19,968 'he looked almost as though he had walked out of some prehistoric age.' 941 01:26:20,032 --> 01:26:25,484 This enormous monster, the size of a really big crocodile, appeared, 942 01:26:25,548 --> 01:26:31,000 sniffed the air and eventually, it went in after this dead goat. 943 01:26:36,436 --> 01:26:38,936 'And down came the door. 944 01:26:39,000 --> 01:26:43,000 'Hastily, we piled boulders on the door, 'so that he couldn't lift it up. 945 01:26:43,064 --> 01:26:45,936 'We had got him.' 946 01:26:46,000 --> 01:26:50,468 But we didn't have the permit to take it away, so we had to content 947 01:26:50,532 --> 01:26:55,234 ourselves with just measuring it and looking at it in close detail. 948 01:26:55,298 --> 01:27:00,000 So, we let this first famous dragon go and away it went into the bush. 949 01:27:03,000 --> 01:27:06,000 We'd had to use black and white negative stock 950 01:27:06,064 --> 01:27:08,936 for this climax of the whole trip. 951 01:27:09,000 --> 01:27:13,000 We thought we really ought to use the colour negative stock too, 952 01:27:13,064 --> 01:27:17,000 if we could dragons out in the open, as indeed we did, 953 01:27:17,064 --> 01:27:20,000 because on the island, there are a lot of them. 954 01:27:23,000 --> 01:27:29,000 It was, I think, the first colour film taken of a Komodo dragon in the wild. 955 01:27:33,000 --> 01:27:38,000 Like the series before it, Zoo Quest For A Dragon was another big hit. 956 01:27:39,000 --> 01:27:43,000 The Zoo Quest expeditions did a lot for me. 957 01:27:44,000 --> 01:27:47,000 I never had to look for work again. 958 01:27:48,000 --> 01:27:52,468 And David became a very famous person 959 01:27:52,532 --> 01:27:56,936 and it's Zoo Quest who made him that. 960 01:27:57,000 --> 01:28:01,000 And Charles and David have remained lifelong friends. 961 01:28:01,064 --> 01:28:04,936 They were good days and I wouldn't change them. 962 01:28:05,000 --> 01:28:08,936 I think when you're 28, you do things rather differently from 963 01:28:09,000 --> 01:28:14,000 when you're 88, and you do silly things, which we undoubtedly did. 964 01:28:14,064 --> 01:28:16,936 Looking back, 965 01:28:17,000 --> 01:28:21,468 I don't think you would let two kids in their 20s just go off like that 966 01:28:21,532 --> 01:28:26,234 and nobody asked us anything about health and safety or anything else. 967 01:28:26,298 --> 01:28:31,000 I mean, we just disappeared and they said, "When will you be back?" 968 01:28:31,064 --> 01:28:35,000 "Ooh, just before Christmas, I think." "Righto, goodbye." 969 01:28:35,064 --> 01:28:40,000 Happy days. That was the end of our Zoo Quest. Goodnight. 970 01:28:40,050 --> 01:28:44,600 Repair and Synchronization by Easy Subtitles Synchronizer 1.0.0.0 96561

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