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"PROMETHEUS STOLE FIRE FROM THE GODS
AND GAVE IT TO MAN.
2
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"FOR THIS HE WAS CHAINED TO A ROCK
AND TORTURED FOR ETERNITY."
3
00:01:17,583 --> 00:01:18,750
Dr. Oppenheimer.
4
00:01:20,664 --> 00:01:21,666
Dr. Oppenheimer.
5
00:01:23,291 --> 00:01:26,416
As we begin, I believe you have
a statement to read into the record.
6
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Yes, your honor.
7
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We're not judges, Doctor.
-No.
8
00:01:39,333 --> 00:01:41,083
Members of the security board,
9
00:01:42,333 --> 00:01:46,083
the so-called interrogatory information
in your indictment of me
10
00:01:46,166 --> 00:01:48,958
cannot be fairly understood
except in the context
11
00:01:49,041 --> 00:01:51,000
of my life, and my work.
12
00:01:51,833 --> 00:01:53,250
How long did he testify?
13
00:01:54,458 --> 00:01:55,916
Honestly, I forget.
14
00:01:57,750 --> 00:01:59,625
The whole hearing took a month.
15
00:01:59,833 --> 00:02:02,791
An ordeal.
-Oh, I've only read the transcripts.
16
00:02:05,833 --> 00:02:08,166
Who'd want to justify their whole life?
-You weren't there?
17
00:02:08,541 --> 00:02:09,958
As chairman, I wasn't allowed to be.
18
00:02:10,583 --> 00:02:12,333
Are they really going to ask about it?
19
00:02:13,208 --> 00:02:14,666
It was years ago.
20
00:02:14,708 --> 00:02:16,125
Four years ago.
-Five.
21
00:02:17,375 --> 00:02:19,001
Oppenheimer still divides America.
22
00:02:19,024 --> 00:02:21,024
The committee's going to want
to know where you stood.
23
00:02:22,166 --> 00:02:25,625
Senator Thurmond asked me to say
not to feel that you're on trial.
24
00:02:25,791 --> 00:02:28,750
Oh, funny. I didn't,
until you just said that.
25
00:02:29,083 --> 00:02:30,625
Really, Mr. Strauss...
-It's Admiral.
26
00:02:30,791 --> 00:02:34,041
Admiral. Admiral Strauss,
this is a formality.
27
00:02:34,083 --> 00:02:36,166
President Eisenhower has
asked you to be in his cabinet.
28
00:02:36,375 --> 00:02:38,167
The Senate really has no choice
but to confirm him.
29
00:02:38,190 --> 00:02:39,958
And if they bring up Oppenheimer?
30
00:02:40,583 --> 00:02:42,917
When they bring up Oppenheimer,
you answer honestly,
31
00:02:42,940 --> 00:02:45,000
no senator can deny you did your duty.
32
00:02:45,291 --> 00:02:46,750
It'll be uncomfortable.
33
00:02:47,753 --> 00:02:49,291
Who'd want to justify their whole life?
34
00:02:55,083 --> 00:02:56,625
Why did you leave the United States?
35
00:02:59,333 --> 00:03:02,625
I... I wanted to study the new physics.
36
00:03:02,833 --> 00:03:04,083
Was there nowhere here?
37
00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:07,833
I thought Berkeley had the leading
theoretical physics department.
38
00:03:08,666 --> 00:03:10,500
Yes, once I built it.
39
00:03:11,250 --> 00:03:12,501
But first I had to go to Europe.
40
00:03:12,524 --> 00:03:15,583
I went to Cambridge,
to study under Patrick Blackett.
41
00:03:15,916 --> 00:03:17,666
Were you happier there than in America?
42
00:03:19,000 --> 00:03:20,333
Happier?
-Yes.
43
00:03:24,791 --> 00:03:25,791
No.
44
00:03:26,250 --> 00:03:27,458
No, I, uh...
45
00:03:30,333 --> 00:03:32,333
I was homesick and...
46
00:03:33,249 --> 00:03:34,916
emotionally immature...
47
00:03:36,250 --> 00:03:38,625
Troubled by visions of a...
48
00:03:39,375 --> 00:03:41,666
hidden universe.
49
00:03:53,250 --> 00:03:54,333
Useless in the lab.
50
00:03:59,333 --> 00:04:00,791
Christ, Oppenheimer.
51
00:04:01,995 --> 00:04:03,166
Have you had any sleep?
52
00:04:05,791 --> 00:04:06,792
Start again.
53
00:04:07,291 --> 00:04:08,583
I need to go to a lecture, sir.
54
00:04:09,625 --> 00:04:10,625
Why?
55
00:04:11,166 --> 00:04:12,166
It's Niels Bohr.
56
00:04:15,250 --> 00:04:16,416
I completely forgot.
57
00:04:17,541 --> 00:04:19,333
Alright! Let's go.
58
00:04:21,916 --> 00:04:23,291
Oh no, not you, Oppenheimer.
59
00:04:23,625 --> 00:04:24,958
You finish coating those plates.
60
00:05:05,416 --> 00:05:09,126
Quantum physics is not a step forward.
61
00:05:09,208 --> 00:05:12,958
It is a new way to understand reality.
62
00:05:13,065 --> 00:05:14,876
Einstein's opened the door.
63
00:05:14,899 --> 00:05:19,100
Now we are peering through,
seeing a world inside our world,
64
00:05:19,291 --> 00:05:24,875
a world of energy and paradox
that not everyone can accept.
65
00:06:08,375 --> 00:06:09,374
You alright?
66
00:06:10,375 --> 00:06:12,708
Nils, meet J. Robert Oppenheimer.
67
00:06:13,083 --> 00:06:14,583
What's the J stand for?
68
00:06:14,791 --> 00:06:16,126
Nothing, apparently.
69
00:06:16,149 --> 00:06:18,625
You were at my lecture.
You asked the only good question.
70
00:06:18,833 --> 00:06:20,250
No one's denying his insight.
71
00:06:20,416 --> 00:06:22,791
It's his laboratory work that
leaves a little to be desired.
72
00:06:24,125 --> 00:06:25,126
I heard you give the same answer...
73
00:06:25,149 --> 00:06:27,166
At Harvard, yes, and you
asked the same question.
74
00:06:27,750 --> 00:06:28,833
Why ask again?
75
00:06:28,991 --> 00:06:30,250
I hadn't liked your answer.
76
00:06:31,893 --> 00:06:34,333
Did you like it better yesterday?
-A lot.
77
00:06:34,636 --> 00:06:39,125
You can lift a stone without being
ready for the snake that's revealed.
78
00:06:39,375 --> 00:06:40,833
Now it seems you're ready.
79
00:06:41,583 --> 00:06:43,000
But you don't enjoy the lab.
80
00:06:44,166 --> 00:06:46,751
So get out of Cambridge,
with its beakers and potions.
81
00:06:46,774 --> 00:06:48,958
Go somewhere they'll let you think.
82
00:06:50,375 --> 00:06:51,375
Where?
83
00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:54,666
Gรถttingen.
-Born.
84
00:06:54,750 --> 00:06:55,767
Born.
85
00:06:55,791 --> 00:06:59,833
Get to Germany, study under Max Born,
learn the ways of theory.
86
00:07:00,625 --> 00:07:01,625
I'll send word.
87
00:07:02,583 --> 00:07:03,583
Worm hole.
88
00:07:06,041 --> 00:07:07,000
How's your mathematics?
89
00:07:07,041 --> 00:07:09,125
Not good enough for the
physicist he wants to be.
90
00:07:09,250 --> 00:07:11,584
Algebra's like sheet music,
91
00:07:11,607 --> 00:07:15,208
the important thing isn't can you
read music, it's can you hear it.
92
00:07:15,500 --> 00:07:17,583
Can you hear the music, Robert?
93
00:07:19,082 --> 00:07:20,085
Yes, I can.
94
00:08:56,400 --> 00:08:58,000
The senator from Wyoming.
95
00:08:58,942 --> 00:09:01,625
Admiral Strauss, I'm interested
in your relationship
96
00:09:01,666 --> 00:09:03,333
with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
97
00:09:03,544 --> 00:09:05,291
You met him in 1947.
98
00:09:06,226 --> 00:09:07,208
Correct.
99
00:09:07,666 --> 00:09:09,666
You were a commissioner
of the Atomic Energy Commission.
100
00:09:10,250 --> 00:09:13,969
I was, but I actually
met Robert in my capacity
101
00:09:14,016 --> 00:09:18,166
as board member of the Institute
for Advanced Study at Princeton. It was...
102
00:09:18,792 --> 00:09:22,058
after the war, he was world-renowned
as the great man of physics,
103
00:09:22,125 --> 00:09:26,375
and I was determined to
get him to run the Institute.
104
00:09:36,041 --> 00:09:38,541
Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor.
105
00:09:38,833 --> 00:09:39,834
Mr. Strauss.
106
00:09:39,984 --> 00:09:41,000
It's pronounced "Strauss".
107
00:09:42,285 --> 00:09:43,626
"Oppenheimer", "Oppenheimer"...
108
00:09:43,667 --> 00:09:45,541
Either way you say it,
they know I'm Jewish.
109
00:09:46,908 --> 00:09:49,541
I'm president of Temple
Emanu-El in Manhattan.
110
00:09:49,833 --> 00:09:52,125
"Strauss" is just
a Southern pronunciation.
111
00:09:52,592 --> 00:09:56,291
Anyway, welcome to the Institute.
I think you'll be very happy here.
112
00:09:56,614 --> 00:09:57,875
Yes, well, you'll love the commute.
113
00:09:58,458 --> 00:10:00,625
The position comes with that
house for you and your wife,
114
00:10:01,119 --> 00:10:02,875
and your... is it two children?
115
00:10:03,166 --> 00:10:04,041
Yes, two.
116
00:10:04,562 --> 00:10:06,625
I'm a great admirer of your work.
117
00:10:07,224 --> 00:10:09,625
You're a physicist
by training, Mr. Strauss?
118
00:10:09,666 --> 00:10:11,751
I'm sorry, uh, common room,
four o'clock tea.
119
00:10:11,774 --> 00:10:14,414
No, I'm not trained
in physics or anything else.
120
00:10:14,458 --> 00:10:15,476
I'm a self-made man.
121
00:10:15,541 --> 00:10:17,041
Ah, I can relate to that.
122
00:10:17,750 --> 00:10:19,541
Really?
-Yes, my father was one.
123
00:10:21,416 --> 00:10:23,666
And this would be your office.
124
00:10:33,416 --> 00:10:35,250
I'm told he's there in most afternoons.
125
00:10:35,791 --> 00:10:37,543
You know, I've always wondered
126
00:10:37,583 --> 00:10:40,500
why you didn't involve him
in the Manhattan Project.
127
00:10:42,798 --> 00:10:44,458
Greatest scientific mind of our time.
128
00:10:45,119 --> 00:10:46,125
Of his time.
129
00:10:47,159 --> 00:10:49,250
Einstein published his
Theory of Relativity
130
00:10:49,291 --> 00:10:51,833
more than 40 years ago now.
131
00:10:53,125 --> 00:10:55,125
Could never embrace
the quantum world it revealed.
132
00:10:55,708 --> 00:10:56,958
"God doesn't play dice."
133
00:10:57,802 --> 00:10:58,792
Precisely.
134
00:10:59,291 --> 00:11:01,791
You never thought of studying
physics formally, Mr. Strauss?
135
00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:05,083
I had offers, but...
I chose to sell shoes.
136
00:11:05,166 --> 00:11:07,500
Lewis Strauss was once
a lowly shoe salesman.
137
00:11:08,831 --> 00:11:10,125
No, just a shoe salesman.
138
00:11:14,375 --> 00:11:16,834
I'd love to introduce you.
-No need.
139
00:11:18,083 --> 00:11:19,333
I've known him for years.
140
00:11:41,375 --> 00:11:42,377
Albert.
141
00:11:47,295 --> 00:11:51,083
What was that? What did you say to him?
142
00:11:53,333 --> 00:11:54,333
Oh, he's fine.
143
00:11:56,583 --> 00:12:01,083
Mr. Strauss, there are... things
in my past you ought to be aware of.
144
00:12:01,307 --> 00:12:03,041
Well, as chairman of the AEC,
145
00:12:03,083 --> 00:12:05,715
I have access to your
security file. I've read it.
146
00:12:05,728 --> 00:12:07,286
You're not worried?
-No.
147
00:12:07,333 --> 00:12:09,625
Why would I be worried, after everything
you've done for your country?
148
00:12:09,668 --> 00:12:11,750
Well, times change, Mr. Strauss.
149
00:12:11,916 --> 00:12:13,625
Well, the purpose of this institute
150
00:12:13,708 --> 00:12:15,833
is to provide a haven
for independent minds.
151
00:12:17,051 --> 00:12:18,287
That's you.
152
00:12:18,331 --> 00:12:19,690
You are the man for the job.
153
00:12:20,708 --> 00:12:21,792
Well, then I'll consider it.
154
00:12:22,833 --> 00:12:24,500
I'll see you at the AEC meeting tomorrow.
155
00:12:29,720 --> 00:12:32,208
This is one of the most prestigious
appointments in the country.
156
00:12:32,416 --> 00:12:34,083
Yes, and a great commute.
157
00:12:35,083 --> 00:12:36,416
That's why I'm considering it.
158
00:12:37,965 --> 00:12:41,605
So Dr. Oppenheimer brought
your attention to his past associations
159
00:12:41,791 --> 00:12:43,124
before you appointed him?
160
00:12:43,250 --> 00:12:44,248
Yes.
161
00:12:44,750 --> 00:12:46,041
And they didn't concern you?
162
00:12:46,166 --> 00:12:49,083
Just then I was entirely consumed
with what he must have said
163
00:12:49,168 --> 00:12:50,916
to Einstein to sour him on me.
164
00:12:54,991 --> 00:12:56,001
But later?
165
00:12:56,291 --> 00:12:57,833
Well, we all know what happened later.
166
00:12:58,666 --> 00:13:00,626
Doctor, your time in Europe,
167
00:13:00,666 --> 00:13:03,708
you seem to meet with a wide
range of other countries' physicists.
168
00:13:03,889 --> 00:13:04,898
Yes, that's right.
169
00:13:05,110 --> 00:13:06,125
Any Russians?
170
00:13:08,211 --> 00:13:10,876
None that spring to mind.
If you'll just allow me
171
00:13:10,916 --> 00:13:12,708
to continue with my statement...
-Mr. Robb,
172
00:13:12,752 --> 00:13:15,125
you'll have ample opportunity
to cross-examine.
173
00:13:18,250 --> 00:13:23,000
After Gรถttingen, I moved on to Leiden,
in Holland, where I first met Isidor Rabi.
174
00:13:24,166 --> 00:13:25,166
Excuse me.
175
00:13:30,083 --> 00:13:32,458
A yank. Lecturing on the new physics.
176
00:13:32,625 --> 00:13:33,620
This I have to hear.
177
00:13:33,706 --> 00:13:35,333
I'm an American myself.
178
00:13:35,916 --> 00:13:37,041
How surprising.
179
00:13:38,198 --> 00:13:40,166
Let me know if you need
any help with the English.
180
00:13:54,458 --> 00:13:55,666
Wait, what's he saying?
181
00:14:07,333 --> 00:14:08,332
No, thank you.
182
00:14:08,375 --> 00:14:09,625
It's a long way to Zurich.
183
00:14:10,291 --> 00:14:13,041
If you get any skinnier, we're gonna
lose you between the seat cushions.
184
00:14:13,708 --> 00:14:15,795
I'm Rabi.
-Oppenheimer.
185
00:14:15,839 --> 00:14:17,500
I caught your lecture on molecules.
186
00:14:18,261 --> 00:14:19,250
Caught some of it.
187
00:14:20,402 --> 00:14:22,458
We're a couple of New York Jews,
how do you know Dutch?
188
00:14:23,044 --> 00:14:25,666
Well, I thought I'd better learn it
when I got here this semester.
189
00:14:25,726 --> 00:14:28,958
You learned enough Dutch in six weeks
to give a lecture on quantum mechanics?
190
00:14:29,210 --> 00:14:30,549
I like to challenge myself.
191
00:14:30,729 --> 00:14:32,875
Quantum physics wasn't challenging enough.
192
00:14:32,991 --> 00:14:34,541
Shvitzer.
-Shvitzer?
193
00:14:34,712 --> 00:14:35,712
Show-off.
194
00:14:36,401 --> 00:14:38,333
Dutch in six weeks,
but you never learned Yiddish.
195
00:14:38,416 --> 00:14:40,500
They don't speak it so much
my side of the park.
196
00:14:40,562 --> 00:14:41,542
Screw you.
197
00:14:43,183 --> 00:14:45,208
You homesick?
-Oh, you know it.
198
00:14:46,524 --> 00:14:49,083
Ever get the feeling our kind
isn't entirely welcome here?
199
00:14:49,805 --> 00:14:50,792
Physicists?
200
00:14:51,386 --> 00:14:53,416
That's funny.
-Not in the department.
201
00:14:54,387 --> 00:14:55,583
They're all Jewish, too.
202
00:14:58,166 --> 00:14:59,164
Eat.
203
00:15:01,625 --> 00:15:03,333
There's this German you have to seek out.
204
00:15:04,746 --> 00:15:06,000
Heisenberg.
-Right.
205
00:15:16,250 --> 00:15:20,126
One might be led to the presumption
that behind the quantum world
206
00:15:20,333 --> 00:15:23,792
there still hides a real world
in which causality holds,
207
00:15:23,833 --> 00:15:28,208
but such speculations seem to us,
to say it explicitly, fruitless.
208
00:15:28,750 --> 00:15:30,291
Thank you. Have a great day.
209
00:15:35,833 --> 00:15:37,041
Wonderful.
-Thank you.
210
00:15:37,583 --> 00:15:40,458
Dr. Oppenheimer.
-Oppenheimer, yes!
211
00:15:40,878 --> 00:15:42,555
I liked your paper on molecules.
212
00:15:42,599 --> 00:15:44,138
Probably because you inspired it.
213
00:15:44,166 --> 00:15:47,000
If I inspire anything else, let me know.
We could publish together.
214
00:15:47,123 --> 00:15:49,250
I have to get back to America.
-Why?
215
00:15:49,785 --> 00:15:52,500
There's no one there taking
quantum mechanics seriously.
216
00:15:52,747 --> 00:15:53,875
That's exactly why.
217
00:15:54,429 --> 00:15:56,625
He's pining for the canyons of Manhattan.
218
00:15:57,151 --> 00:15:58,666
Canyons of New Mexico.
219
00:15:59,213 --> 00:16:00,990
You're from New Mexico?
-No, New York.
220
00:16:01,034 --> 00:16:03,541
But my brother and I have
a ranch outside Santa Fe.
221
00:16:04,720 --> 00:16:06,138
That's the America I miss right now.
222
00:16:06,500 --> 00:16:08,791
Then it's best you get home, cowboys.
223
00:16:09,862 --> 00:16:10,854
That's him.
224
00:16:10,982 --> 00:16:12,458
No, me and horses?
225
00:16:12,783 --> 00:16:13,787
I don't think so.
226
00:16:15,103 --> 00:16:16,083
Nice to meet you.
227
00:16:18,208 --> 00:16:20,083
Did you ever encounter Heisenberg again?
228
00:16:20,425 --> 00:16:22,625
Not in person, no, but...
229
00:16:24,625 --> 00:16:26,250
you might say our paths crossed.
230
00:16:28,333 --> 00:16:29,536
On returning to America,
231
00:16:29,560 --> 00:16:32,625
I accepted positions at both
Caltech and up at Berkeley.
232
00:16:57,083 --> 00:16:58,625
Dr. Lawrence, I presume?
233
00:17:01,041 --> 00:17:02,083
You must be Oppenheimer.
234
00:17:02,302 --> 00:17:03,302
Yes.
235
00:17:03,482 --> 00:17:05,583
I hear you want to start
a school of quantum theory.
236
00:17:06,063 --> 00:17:07,625
I am starting it, next door.
237
00:17:07,708 --> 00:17:09,791
They put you in there?
-I asked for it.
238
00:17:09,916 --> 00:17:11,958
Wanted to be close
to you experimentalists.
239
00:17:12,166 --> 00:17:13,791
Theory will get you only so far.
240
00:17:14,027 --> 00:17:15,958
We're building a machine
to accelerate electrons.
241
00:17:16,228 --> 00:17:17,224
Magnificent.
242
00:17:17,268 --> 00:17:18,291
Would you like to help?
243
00:17:18,629 --> 00:17:21,366
Build it? Oh, no. No, no.
244
00:17:21,458 --> 00:17:24,000
But I am working on theories
I'd like to test with it.
245
00:17:24,311 --> 00:17:25,318
When do you start teaching?
246
00:17:25,750 --> 00:17:27,000
I've got my first in an hour.
247
00:17:27,313 --> 00:17:29,000
Seminar?
-Pupil.
248
00:17:29,754 --> 00:17:31,750
One student? That's it?
249
00:17:32,708 --> 00:17:34,876
I'm teaching something
no one here has dreamt of.
250
00:17:35,166 --> 00:17:37,125
But once people start hearing
what you can do with it...
251
00:17:37,166 --> 00:17:38,208
There's no going back.
252
00:17:41,083 --> 00:17:43,750
Oh, I must have missed the...
-Mr. Lomanitz?
253
00:17:46,458 --> 00:17:48,208
Yeah.
-Yes, this is it.
254
00:17:48,291 --> 00:17:50,041
Please, take a seat.
255
00:17:55,540 --> 00:17:56,958
What do you know about quantum mechanics?
256
00:17:58,221 --> 00:18:00,041
I have a grasp on the basics.
257
00:18:00,083 --> 00:18:01,125
Then you're doing it wrong.
258
00:18:02,206 --> 00:18:04,458
Is life made up of particles or waves?
259
00:18:04,958 --> 00:18:07,208
Quantum mechanics says it's both.
How can it be both?
260
00:18:07,693 --> 00:18:08,833
It can't.
-It can't.
261
00:18:09,555 --> 00:18:10,574
But it is.
262
00:18:10,625 --> 00:18:13,791
It's paradoxical, and yet, it works.
263
00:18:24,750 --> 00:18:25,751
Thank you.
264
00:18:26,351 --> 00:18:29,125
Mr. Lomanitz. You're gonna be okay.
265
00:18:29,458 --> 00:18:30,439
Mr. Snyder.
266
00:18:31,166 --> 00:18:32,708
Now, let's consider a star.
267
00:18:33,248 --> 00:18:36,459
A star, a vast furnace
burning in outer space,
268
00:18:36,500 --> 00:18:39,916
fire pushing outwards against
its own gravity, balanced.
269
00:18:41,633 --> 00:18:43,416
But if that furnace cools,
270
00:18:44,166 --> 00:18:46,583
and gravity starts winning, it contracts.
271
00:18:47,125 --> 00:18:49,375
Density increases.
-Correct.
272
00:18:49,855 --> 00:18:52,250
Increasing gravity.
-Increasing density.
273
00:18:52,500 --> 00:18:54,333
And?
-It's a vicious cycle until...
274
00:18:54,916 --> 00:18:55,917
What's the limit here?
275
00:18:57,582 --> 00:18:59,667
I don't know. See where
the math takes us.
276
00:18:59,708 --> 00:19:01,745
I guarantee it's somewhere
no one's been before us.
277
00:19:01,791 --> 00:19:02,791
Me?
278
00:19:03,532 --> 00:19:05,375
Yes, you. Your math is better than mine.
279
00:19:07,375 --> 00:19:10,458
Dr. Oppenheimer's file contained details
280
00:19:10,500 --> 00:19:11,876
of his activities at Berkeley.
281
00:19:11,916 --> 00:19:15,500
Why would they have started a file
on Dr. Oppenheimer before the war?
282
00:19:16,337 --> 00:19:18,583
Well, you'd have to ask Mr. Hoover.
283
00:19:18,845 --> 00:19:20,666
I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss.
284
00:19:21,208 --> 00:19:22,500
Uh, my assumption
285
00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:26,541
is that it was connected to his, uh,
286
00:19:26,851 --> 00:19:29,000
left-wing political activities.
287
00:19:30,833 --> 00:19:33,083
You shouldn't let them bring
their politics in the classroom, Oppie.
288
00:19:34,414 --> 00:19:35,417
I wrote that.
289
00:19:35,833 --> 00:19:38,412
Lawrence, you embraced
the revolution in physics.
290
00:19:38,458 --> 00:19:39,875
Can't you see it everywhere else?
291
00:19:40,583 --> 00:19:42,792
Picasso, Stravinsky, Freud, Marx.
292
00:19:42,833 --> 00:19:45,291
Well, this is America, Oppie.
We had our revolution.
293
00:19:46,636 --> 00:19:49,208
Seriously, keep it out of the lab.
294
00:19:49,541 --> 00:19:51,375
Well, out of the lab,
295
00:19:51,583 --> 00:19:54,208
my landlady is having
a discussion group tonight.
296
00:19:54,500 --> 00:19:55,417
Interested?
297
00:19:55,458 --> 00:19:57,376
I have sampled the
Berkeley political scene.
298
00:19:57,416 --> 00:20:01,708
It's all just philosophy post-grads
and communists talking integration.
299
00:20:01,833 --> 00:20:03,125
You don't care about integration?
300
00:20:03,375 --> 00:20:05,319
I want to vote for it, not talk about it.
301
00:20:05,416 --> 00:20:07,416
Especially on a Friday.
Come on, let's eat.
302
00:20:07,883 --> 00:20:09,291
I'm meeting my brother there.
303
00:20:10,041 --> 00:20:13,625
And how would these activities
have come to the attention of the FBI?
304
00:20:13,833 --> 00:20:15,791
Well, if I remember correctly,
305
00:20:15,833 --> 00:20:20,042
the FBI was taking license plates
outside suspected communist gatherings,
306
00:20:20,085 --> 00:20:21,499
and his name popped up.
307
00:20:30,098 --> 00:20:31,791
Jesus Christ!
-Sorry.
308
00:20:31,875 --> 00:20:32,875
Frank!
309
00:20:34,458 --> 00:20:36,750
Uh, you remember Jackie?
-Evening.
310
00:20:43,429 --> 00:20:46,625
Robert! I want you to meet Chevalier.
311
00:20:46,853 --> 00:20:49,914
Dr. Haakon Chevalier,
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer.
312
00:20:49,958 --> 00:20:50,625
Pleasure. -Pleasure.
313
00:20:50,656 --> 00:20:52,458
This is my little brother, Frank.
314
00:20:52,791 --> 00:20:54,578
And this is...
-Still Jackie.
315
00:20:54,625 --> 00:20:55,750
Hello, Still Jackie.
316
00:20:55,882 --> 00:20:59,683
Chevalier, you're in languages?
-And your reputation precedes you.
317
00:20:59,750 --> 00:21:00,751
What have you heard?
318
00:21:00,848 --> 00:21:03,028
That you're teaching a radical
new approach to physics
319
00:21:03,041 --> 00:21:06,291
I have no chance of understanding,
but I haven't heard you're a party member.
320
00:21:06,333 --> 00:21:08,071
Uh, I'm not.
-Oh, not yet.
321
00:21:08,125 --> 00:21:09,584
Frank and I are thinking of joining.
322
00:21:09,625 --> 00:21:11,791
Just the other day I was saying...
-I support a range of causes.
323
00:21:12,016 --> 00:21:13,016
Spanish Civil War?
324
00:21:13,250 --> 00:21:16,208
A democratic republic being
overthrown by fascist thugs.
325
00:21:16,250 --> 00:21:17,541
Who wouldn't?
-Our government.
326
00:21:17,620 --> 00:21:20,360
They think that socialism
is a bigger threat than fascism.
327
00:21:20,375 --> 00:21:23,000
Not for long. Look at what
the Nazis are doing to the Jews.
328
00:21:23,083 --> 00:21:25,666
I send funds to colleagues
in Germany to emigrate.
329
00:21:25,708 --> 00:21:27,041
I have to do something.
330
00:21:28,368 --> 00:21:31,208
My own work is so... abstract.
331
00:21:31,250 --> 00:21:32,250
What are you working on?
332
00:21:32,291 --> 00:21:34,583
What happens to stars when they die?
333
00:21:34,791 --> 00:21:36,041
Do stars die?
334
00:21:37,213 --> 00:21:40,793
Well, if they do,
they'd cool, then collapse.
335
00:21:40,833 --> 00:21:43,354
In fact, the bigger the star,
336
00:21:43,500 --> 00:21:45,416
the more violent its demise.
337
00:21:45,937 --> 00:21:49,250
Their gravity gets so concentrated,
it swallows everything.
338
00:21:50,083 --> 00:21:51,125
Everything, even light.
339
00:21:51,708 --> 00:21:54,625
Can that really happen?
-The math says it can.
340
00:21:54,722 --> 00:21:57,791
If we can get published, then perhaps
one day an astronomer finds one.
341
00:21:57,833 --> 00:21:59,584
But right now, all I have is theory,
342
00:21:59,625 --> 00:22:01,666
which can't impact people's lives.
343
00:22:01,681 --> 00:22:03,875
Well, if you're going
to send money to Spain,
344
00:22:03,916 --> 00:22:05,291
do it through the Communist Party.
345
00:22:05,403 --> 00:22:06,750
They can get it to the front lines.
346
00:22:06,791 --> 00:22:07,958
Mary sent me with these.
347
00:22:09,924 --> 00:22:12,291
I'm Jean.
-Robert.
348
00:22:12,625 --> 00:22:15,333
Haakon Chevalier. That union
meeting at Serber's last month.
349
00:22:15,846 --> 00:22:17,000
Right, right, yes.
350
00:22:17,458 --> 00:22:18,458
Oh, thank you.
351
00:22:19,047 --> 00:22:20,791
Robert here says he's not a communist.
352
00:22:21,068 --> 00:22:23,083
Well, then he doesn't
know enough about it.
353
00:22:23,289 --> 00:22:25,875
Oh, I've read Das Kapital,
all three volumes.
354
00:22:25,940 --> 00:22:26,959
Does that count?
355
00:22:26,980 --> 00:22:29,083
It would make you better-read
than most party members.
356
00:22:29,182 --> 00:22:31,439
Turgid stuff. There's some thinking, um...
357
00:22:31,483 --> 00:22:32,791
"Ownership is theft."
358
00:22:33,084 --> 00:22:34,500
Property.
-Property?
359
00:22:35,085 --> 00:22:36,291
Property, not ownership.
360
00:22:36,446 --> 00:22:38,541
I'm sorry, I read it
in the original German.
361
00:22:42,129 --> 00:22:44,666
It's not about the book.
It's about the ideas.
362
00:22:44,771 --> 00:22:46,416
And you sound uncommitted.
363
00:22:46,792 --> 00:22:49,833
I'm committed to thinking freely
about how to improve our world.
364
00:22:50,734 --> 00:22:52,833
Why limit yourself to one dogma?
365
00:22:52,929 --> 00:22:55,083
You're a physicist.
Do you pick and choose rules?
366
00:22:55,916 --> 00:22:59,625
Or do you use the discipline
to channel your energies into progress?
367
00:23:00,125 --> 00:23:01,541
I like a little wiggle room.
368
00:23:03,000 --> 00:23:04,541
Do you always toe the party line?
369
00:23:06,677 --> 00:23:08,166
I like my wiggle room, too.
370
00:23:19,208 --> 00:23:20,210
What?
371
00:23:21,208 --> 00:23:22,210
Wait, wait, wait.
372
00:23:26,268 --> 00:23:27,291
Unexpected.
373
00:23:27,969 --> 00:23:28,958
What?
374
00:23:29,189 --> 00:23:30,287
For a physicist.
375
00:23:30,333 --> 00:23:32,666
You only have a shelf full of Freud?
376
00:23:32,916 --> 00:23:36,291
Well, actually, my background's more...
-Jungian?
377
00:23:38,551 --> 00:23:39,791
You know analysis?
378
00:23:40,041 --> 00:23:43,250
When I was in post-grad at Cambridge,
I had a little trouble.
379
00:23:44,553 --> 00:23:47,070
I'll bite.
-I tried to poison my tutor.
380
00:23:47,114 --> 00:23:49,375
Did you hate him?
-I liked him very much.
381
00:23:49,958 --> 00:23:51,291
You just needed to get laid.
382
00:23:51,500 --> 00:23:53,084
It took my analysts two years,
383
00:23:53,125 --> 00:23:55,333
and I don't think they ever
put it that succinctly.
384
00:23:55,375 --> 00:23:59,041
You have everyone convinced you're
more complicated than you actually are.
385
00:23:59,176 --> 00:24:01,416
We're all simple souls, I guess.
386
00:24:01,678 --> 00:24:02,668
I'm not.
387
00:24:05,381 --> 00:24:06,377
What's this?
388
00:24:06,522 --> 00:24:07,507
Sanskrit.
389
00:24:07,803 --> 00:24:08,833
You can read this?
390
00:24:09,583 --> 00:24:10,582
I'm learning.
391
00:24:16,166 --> 00:24:17,166
Read this.
392
00:24:18,652 --> 00:24:19,750
Well, in this part,
393
00:24:20,208 --> 00:24:23,166
Vishnu reveals his multi-armed self...
-No.
394
00:24:24,708 --> 00:24:25,875
Read the words.
395
00:24:30,041 --> 00:24:31,875
"And now I am become Death...
396
00:24:38,375 --> 00:24:39,791
"destroyer of worlds."
397
00:25:10,583 --> 00:25:11,583
This'll do.
398
00:25:18,416 --> 00:25:19,500
It'll break before dawn.
399
00:25:20,121 --> 00:25:21,375
Air cools overnight.
400
00:25:21,875 --> 00:25:23,375
Just before dawn, it breaks.
401
00:25:34,170 --> 00:25:37,291
Well, so, I'm getting married.
402
00:25:37,500 --> 00:25:40,208
Frank! congratulations!
-Thank you, thank you.
403
00:25:40,250 --> 00:25:42,333
To Jackie?
-Yeah, to Jackie.
404
00:25:43,666 --> 00:25:46,750
The waitress?
-Oppie, you're right. It's letting up.
405
00:25:46,856 --> 00:25:48,125
I'm gonna go see if there's any stars.
406
00:25:48,750 --> 00:25:52,875
All your talk about the common man,
but Jackie's not good enough for you, hmm?
407
00:25:53,872 --> 00:25:56,110
We joined the party, and you
can't hide your disappointment.
408
00:25:56,166 --> 00:25:58,105
Why? Is that because that's
supposed to be your thing?
409
00:25:58,233 --> 00:25:59,541
I haven't joined the party, Frank.
410
00:25:59,913 --> 00:26:02,166
And I don't think she should have
convinced you to either.
411
00:26:02,374 --> 00:26:05,000
Half of the faculty is communist.
-Not that half.
412
00:26:06,695 --> 00:26:09,474
I'm your brother, Frank,
and I want you to be cautious.
413
00:26:09,541 --> 00:26:10,750
And I want to wring your neck.
414
00:26:13,083 --> 00:26:16,166
I won't live my life
afraid to make a mistake.
415
00:26:18,303 --> 00:26:21,291
You're happy... I'm happy.
416
00:26:21,625 --> 00:26:24,041
So then I'm happy
you're happy that I'm happy.
417
00:26:29,333 --> 00:26:31,833
I feel like I can see one of those
dark stars that you're working on.
418
00:26:32,666 --> 00:26:33,666
You can't.
419
00:26:34,166 --> 00:26:37,095
That's the whole point.
Their gravity swallows light.
420
00:26:38,583 --> 00:26:40,833
It's like a kind of hole in space.
421
00:26:41,875 --> 00:26:42,875
Is Frank okay?
422
00:26:43,166 --> 00:26:45,416
Yes. He just has a shitty brother.
423
00:26:46,875 --> 00:26:48,000
It is special here.
424
00:26:50,750 --> 00:26:51,750
When I was a kid...
425
00:26:53,291 --> 00:26:54,791
I thought if I could find a way...
426
00:26:56,333 --> 00:26:59,875
to combine physics and New Mexico,
427
00:27:00,625 --> 00:27:02,000
my life would be perfect.
428
00:27:04,375 --> 00:27:06,125
Little remote for that.
-Yes.
429
00:27:06,916 --> 00:27:08,041
Let's get some sleep.
430
00:27:09,416 --> 00:27:13,083
That mesa we saw today,
one of my favorite places in the world.
431
00:27:14,083 --> 00:27:16,416
Tomorrow we'll climb it.
-What's it called?
432
00:27:18,083 --> 00:27:19,208
Los Alamos.
433
00:27:23,318 --> 00:27:25,000
I didn't expect to see you today.
434
00:27:26,541 --> 00:27:27,958
Do I have to make an appointment?
435
00:27:32,307 --> 00:27:33,307
Alvarez?
436
00:27:39,375 --> 00:27:41,333
Oppie! Oppie!
437
00:27:42,083 --> 00:27:43,541
What? What is it?
438
00:27:44,166 --> 00:27:45,166
They've done it.
439
00:27:45,487 --> 00:27:47,083
They've done it. Hahn and
Strassmann in Germany.
440
00:27:47,128 --> 00:27:48,375
They split the uranium nucleus.
441
00:27:50,490 --> 00:27:51,500
How?
442
00:27:52,958 --> 00:27:54,291
Bombard it with neutrons.
443
00:27:54,753 --> 00:27:55,958
It's a nuclear fission.
444
00:27:56,214 --> 00:27:57,666
They did it. They split the atom.
445
00:27:57,708 --> 00:27:58,708
That's not possible.
446
00:28:05,125 --> 00:28:06,458
I'm gonna try to reproduce it.
447
00:28:13,666 --> 00:28:15,375
See? Can't be done.
448
00:28:16,748 --> 00:28:17,750
Very elegant.
449
00:28:18,829 --> 00:28:19,833
Quite clear.
450
00:28:20,149 --> 00:28:21,166
There's just one problem.
451
00:28:21,350 --> 00:28:22,333
Where?
452
00:28:22,951 --> 00:28:23,958
Next door.
453
00:28:24,583 --> 00:28:25,624
Alvarez did it.
454
00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:27,997
And look.
455
00:28:28,894 --> 00:28:31,281
These fission pulses, they're massive.
456
00:28:31,958 --> 00:28:34,916
I've seen 30 of these
in the past ten minutes.
457
00:28:35,982 --> 00:28:37,833
Theory will take you only so far.
458
00:28:39,845 --> 00:28:40,916
During the process...
459
00:28:42,500 --> 00:28:44,750
extra neutrons boil off,
which could be used
460
00:28:44,791 --> 00:28:46,750
to split other uranium atoms.
461
00:28:47,050 --> 00:28:48,041
Chain reaction.
462
00:28:48,731 --> 00:28:49,946
You're thinking what I'm thinking.
463
00:28:50,032 --> 00:28:54,083
You, me, and every other physicist
around the world who's seen the news.
464
00:28:54,916 --> 00:28:56,666
I just... what, what are we all thinking?
465
00:28:57,698 --> 00:29:00,208
A bomb, Alvarez.
466
00:29:01,625 --> 00:29:02,623
A bomb.
467
00:29:04,125 --> 00:29:06,375
I told you, Robert,
no more fucking flowers.
468
00:29:08,458 --> 00:29:11,375
I don't understand what you want from me.
-I don't want anything from you!
469
00:29:12,912 --> 00:29:16,416
Well, you say that, and then you call.
-Well, don't answer.
470
00:29:17,708 --> 00:29:18,875
I'll always answer.
471
00:29:24,458 --> 00:29:25,458
Fine.
472
00:29:25,935 --> 00:29:27,208
Just no more flowers.
473
00:29:29,083 --> 00:29:30,080
You're not coming?
474
00:29:32,337 --> 00:29:34,250
You have to know when
you're beaten, Robert.
475
00:29:36,666 --> 00:29:38,208
It's not that simple, Haak.
476
00:29:38,758 --> 00:29:42,041
Chevalier, good to see you.
Barbara, good to see you.
477
00:29:42,083 --> 00:29:44,250
And the illustrious Dr. Oppenheimer.
478
00:29:44,666 --> 00:29:46,250
I'm Eltenton.
-Oh, pleasure.
479
00:29:46,274 --> 00:29:47,291
Please, please.
480
00:29:47,333 --> 00:29:50,333
Why don't you say a word about
organized labor on campuses?
481
00:29:50,666 --> 00:29:52,958
Yes? Coming through,
coming through!
482
00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:54,000
I work at Shell.
483
00:29:54,041 --> 00:29:56,250
We've signed up chemists,
we've signed up engineers.
484
00:29:56,541 --> 00:29:58,208
So why not sciences and academia?
485
00:29:58,583 --> 00:30:02,250
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
486
00:30:12,541 --> 00:30:14,083
Teachers are unionized.
487
00:30:14,750 --> 00:30:15,875
Why not professors?
488
00:30:16,291 --> 00:30:17,375
Don't you have somewhere to be?
489
00:30:17,458 --> 00:30:19,791
Lawrence, academics have rights too.
490
00:30:20,083 --> 00:30:22,125
Look, it's not that.
I've got a group coming.
491
00:30:22,402 --> 00:30:24,875
Oh. I'll sit in.
-Not this one.
492
00:30:31,506 --> 00:30:33,416
Richard, Dr. Bush.
493
00:30:33,458 --> 00:30:34,791
What brings you two up north?
494
00:30:44,476 --> 00:30:47,375
Richard, you tell Ruth I'll be
down in Pasadena Thursday.
495
00:30:57,416 --> 00:30:59,541
Paper on black holes, it's in!
496
00:31:01,440 --> 00:31:02,457
Where's Hartland?
497
00:31:03,083 --> 00:31:05,083
Get Hartland.
Get Hartland.
498
00:31:05,208 --> 00:31:08,625
September 1st, 1939?
The world's gonna remember this day.
499
00:31:10,375 --> 00:31:12,250
Oh, Hartland, our paper, it's in print.
500
00:31:12,416 --> 00:31:13,625
You've been upstaged.
501
00:31:18,015 --> 00:31:20,416
During the Battle of Britain,
I found myself
502
00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:23,166
increasingly out of sympathy with the...
503
00:31:23,625 --> 00:31:26,625
policy of neutrality
that communists advocated.
504
00:31:26,666 --> 00:31:29,166
But after Hitler invaded Russia
and we became allies,
505
00:31:29,958 --> 00:31:32,000
these communist sympathies,
do they return?
506
00:31:32,377 --> 00:31:33,377
No.
507
00:31:34,250 --> 00:31:38,250
I need to make clear that
my changing views on Russia
508
00:31:38,291 --> 00:31:41,291
did not mean a sharp break from
those who held different views.
509
00:31:41,791 --> 00:31:44,166
For a year or two during
a previous marriage,
510
00:31:44,208 --> 00:31:47,125
my wife Kitty had been
a Communist Party member.
511
00:31:52,291 --> 00:31:53,583
This is where I keep the good stuff.
512
00:31:53,625 --> 00:31:55,416
Well, I thought this was
the Tolmans' house.
513
00:31:55,458 --> 00:31:57,541
I live with them while I'm at Caltech.
514
00:31:57,583 --> 00:31:58,958
Do you two need anything?
515
00:31:59,175 --> 00:32:00,250
We're good, Ruthie.
516
00:32:01,596 --> 00:32:04,375
So, you're a biologist.
517
00:32:04,958 --> 00:32:07,958
Well, somehow I have
graduated to housewife.
518
00:32:08,333 --> 00:32:10,416
Can you explain quantum mechanics to me?
519
00:32:10,708 --> 00:32:13,416
Seems baffling.
-Yes, it is.
520
00:32:14,791 --> 00:32:16,250
Well, this glass,
521
00:32:17,416 --> 00:32:20,416
this drink... this countertop...
522
00:32:21,812 --> 00:32:22,958
Our bodies.
523
00:32:24,855 --> 00:32:25,875
All of it.
524
00:32:27,041 --> 00:32:28,500
It's mostly empty space.
525
00:32:28,900 --> 00:32:32,208
Groupings of tiny energy
waves bound together.
526
00:32:32,291 --> 00:32:33,375
By what?
527
00:32:33,416 --> 00:32:36,583
Forces of attraction strong
enough to convince us
528
00:32:37,291 --> 00:32:39,291
that matter is solid.
529
00:32:39,541 --> 00:32:41,708
Stop my body passing through yours.
530
00:32:54,333 --> 00:32:56,083
You're married to Dr. Harrison.
531
00:32:56,583 --> 00:32:57,625
Not very.
532
00:32:59,527 --> 00:33:03,083
There is someone that I feel...
533
00:33:03,416 --> 00:33:04,625
Does she feel that way?
534
00:33:05,188 --> 00:33:06,375
Sometimes.
535
00:33:07,208 --> 00:33:08,207
Not enough.
536
00:33:09,916 --> 00:33:12,208
You know, I'm going to New Mexico.
537
00:33:12,936 --> 00:33:14,625
To my ranch, with friends.
538
00:33:14,875 --> 00:33:15,875
You should come.
539
00:33:17,083 --> 00:33:18,416
I meant, with your husband.
540
00:33:18,838 --> 00:33:19,833
Yes, you did.
541
00:33:20,166 --> 00:33:22,291
Because you know it won't
make a bit of difference.
542
00:33:27,115 --> 00:33:28,250
Why did you marry him?
543
00:33:28,750 --> 00:33:32,041
I was lost, and... he was kind.
544
00:33:34,480 --> 00:33:35,500
Lost?
545
00:33:35,791 --> 00:33:38,083
Well, my previous husband had died, and...
546
00:33:38,750 --> 00:33:40,708
at 28, I wasn't really
ready to be a widow.
547
00:33:41,333 --> 00:33:43,291
Who was your first husband?
-Nobody.
548
00:33:43,586 --> 00:33:45,708
My second husband was Joe Dallet.
549
00:33:45,833 --> 00:33:48,175
He was from money, like me,
550
00:33:48,199 --> 00:33:51,625
but he was a union organizer
in Youngstown, Ohio.
551
00:33:51,791 --> 00:33:52,791
I fell hard.
552
00:33:53,875 --> 00:33:55,958
How hard?
-Hard enough to spend the next four years
553
00:33:56,000 --> 00:33:57,250
living off beans and pancakes,
554
00:33:57,291 --> 00:33:59,541
handing out the Daily Worker
at factory gates.
555
00:34:00,833 --> 00:34:03,166
By '36, I just told Joe
I couldn't take it anymore.
556
00:34:03,245 --> 00:34:04,250
Quit the party.
557
00:34:04,333 --> 00:34:05,791
A year later, I wanted him back.
558
00:34:05,833 --> 00:34:08,000
Him, not the Daily Worker. And...
559
00:34:08,500 --> 00:34:10,541
he said: "Swell, I'll meet you
on my way to Spain."
560
00:34:10,668 --> 00:34:11,833
Went to fight for the Loyalists?
561
00:34:11,875 --> 00:34:13,666
And then he went
to the brigades and I waited.
562
00:34:13,958 --> 00:34:14,958
And...
563
00:34:16,833 --> 00:34:19,458
Joe got himself killed first time
he popped his head out of the trench.
564
00:34:21,231 --> 00:34:23,500
Ideology got Joe killed, for nothing.
565
00:34:23,541 --> 00:34:25,333
The Spanish Republic isn't nothing.
566
00:34:25,435 --> 00:34:28,375
My husband offered both our
futures to stop one fascist bullet
567
00:34:28,416 --> 00:34:30,416
from embedding itself in a mud bank.
568
00:34:31,561 --> 00:34:33,583
That's the definition of nothing.
569
00:34:33,916 --> 00:34:35,875
Seems a little reductive.
-Pragmatic.
570
00:34:37,927 --> 00:34:38,916
Now here I am.
571
00:34:41,750 --> 00:34:43,083
Wherever the hell this is.
572
00:34:50,791 --> 00:34:53,041
I didn't want you to hear it
from anyone else.
573
00:34:56,083 --> 00:34:57,833
At least you didn't bring me flowers.
574
00:35:05,541 --> 00:35:07,916
We both know I'm not what you want, Jean.
575
00:35:09,166 --> 00:35:11,166
Yeah, but it's a door closing.
576
00:35:11,958 --> 00:35:12,958
No.
577
00:35:14,904 --> 00:35:16,625
Not as far as I'm concerned, no.
578
00:35:18,551 --> 00:35:20,708
You knocked her up. Fast work.
579
00:35:20,952 --> 00:35:22,375
Can't keep a good man down.
580
00:35:23,583 --> 00:35:24,708
I meant her.
581
00:35:25,752 --> 00:35:26,750
She knew what she wanted.
582
00:35:27,413 --> 00:35:28,583
What about the husband?
583
00:35:29,213 --> 00:35:30,208
We talked.
584
00:35:30,513 --> 00:35:31,875
They're getting a divorce,
585
00:35:31,916 --> 00:35:35,666
so we can get married
before she starts showing.
586
00:35:35,916 --> 00:35:37,291
How civilized.
587
00:35:39,541 --> 00:35:40,541
You idiot.
588
00:35:40,875 --> 00:35:42,250
This is your community.
589
00:35:43,250 --> 00:35:45,416
You think the rules don't
apply to the golden boy?
590
00:35:46,500 --> 00:35:48,208
Brilliance makes up for a lot.
591
00:35:48,875 --> 00:35:52,291
Don't alienate the only people in the
world that understand what you do.
592
00:35:54,166 --> 00:35:55,583
One day you might need them.
593
00:35:55,833 --> 00:35:58,166
F-A-E-C-T!
594
00:35:58,333 --> 00:36:02,458
Federation of Architects, Engineers,
Chemists and Technicians.
595
00:36:09,623 --> 00:36:11,458
Lomanitz, what do you get paid a month?
596
00:36:11,824 --> 00:36:12,958
That's not the point, Lawrence.
597
00:36:13,005 --> 00:36:17,541
What do any of you have in common
with farm laborers and dock workers?
598
00:36:17,958 --> 00:36:18,961
Plenty.
599
00:36:20,667 --> 00:36:22,584
Everybody out. Now!
600
00:36:27,251 --> 00:36:28,251
Not you.
601
00:36:34,542 --> 00:36:35,544
What are you doing?
602
00:36:36,334 --> 00:36:37,334
It's a trade union.
603
00:36:37,917 --> 00:36:41,114
Filled with communists.
-So? I haven't joined the party.
604
00:36:41,158 --> 00:36:44,140
They won't let me bring you onto
the project because of this shit.
605
00:36:44,807 --> 00:36:46,640
They won't even let me
tell you what the project is.
606
00:36:46,682 --> 00:36:48,807
Oh, I know what the project is.
607
00:36:48,849 --> 00:36:49,932
Oh, really?
608
00:36:49,974 --> 00:36:52,756
We've all heard about Einstein
and Szilard's letter to Roosevelt
609
00:36:52,780 --> 00:36:54,224
warning him the Germans could make a bomb,
610
00:36:54,265 --> 00:36:57,474
and I know what it means
for the Nazis to have a bomb.
611
00:36:57,682 --> 00:36:58,682
And I don't?
612
00:36:59,169 --> 00:37:01,307
It's not your people
they're herding into camps.
613
00:37:02,131 --> 00:37:03,141
It's mine.
614
00:37:04,182 --> 00:37:06,515
You think that I tell them
about your politics?
615
00:37:08,599 --> 00:37:10,432
The next time you're
coming home from a meeting,
616
00:37:10,557 --> 00:37:12,432
why don't you take a look
in the rearview mirror,
617
00:37:12,765 --> 00:37:17,432
listen to the sounds on your phone line,
and stop being so goddamn naive?
618
00:37:19,015 --> 00:37:20,265
Why would they care what I do?
619
00:37:20,547 --> 00:37:24,182
Because you're not just self-important,
you're actually important.
620
00:37:27,890 --> 00:37:28,891
Okay.
621
00:37:30,390 --> 00:37:31,390
I get it.
622
00:37:31,415 --> 00:37:33,173
If you could just be a little more...
623
00:37:33,197 --> 00:37:36,155
Pragmatic. I'll talk to Lomanitz,
I'll talk to the others.
624
00:37:36,199 --> 00:37:37,515
You don't have to worry, it's done.
625
00:37:38,307 --> 00:37:39,308
Lawrence.
626
00:37:44,432 --> 00:37:45,557
Then welcome to the war.
627
00:37:46,557 --> 00:37:49,932
I filled out my first security
questionnaire and was informed
628
00:37:49,974 --> 00:37:52,629
that my involvement
with left-wing groups would
629
00:37:53,099 --> 00:37:56,140
not prove a bar to my
working on the atomic program.
630
00:37:56,170 --> 00:37:58,890
Why were his communist associations
631
00:37:58,932 --> 00:38:01,849
not seen as a security
risk during the war?
632
00:38:01,893 --> 00:38:03,643
Senator, I can't possibly answer
633
00:38:03,667 --> 00:38:06,971
for security clearance granted
years before I ever met the man.
634
00:38:07,015 --> 00:38:08,224
Fine. What about after?
635
00:38:09,015 --> 00:38:11,496
After the war, Dr. Oppenheimer was
636
00:38:11,520 --> 00:38:14,682
the most respected
scientific voice in the world.
637
00:38:14,890 --> 00:38:17,022
That's why I asked him
to run the Institute.
638
00:38:17,066 --> 00:38:19,890
That's why he advised
the Atomic Energy Commission.
639
00:38:20,140 --> 00:38:21,140
Simple as that.
640
00:38:21,640 --> 00:38:23,015
What are they accusing me of?
641
00:38:23,890 --> 00:38:27,200
I think they just want to know what
happened between 1947 and 1954
642
00:38:27,224 --> 00:38:29,765
to change your mind on
Oppenheimer's security clearance.
643
00:38:30,015 --> 00:38:31,015
I didn't.
644
00:38:31,140 --> 00:38:33,932
I was chair of the AEC, but it wasn't me
645
00:38:34,474 --> 00:38:37,199
that brought the charges against Robert.
-Who did?
646
00:38:37,265 --> 00:38:39,765
Some former staff member of the
Joint Congressional Committee.
647
00:38:39,807 --> 00:38:42,265
He was a rabid anti-communist
named Borden.
648
00:38:42,669 --> 00:38:45,129
He wrote to the FBI
demanding they take action.
649
00:38:45,265 --> 00:38:47,724
The FBI? Why not go to the AEC direct?
650
00:38:47,890 --> 00:38:49,974
You'd get caught
holding the knife yourself.
651
00:38:50,715 --> 00:38:52,265
What did Borden have against Oppenheimer?
652
00:38:52,515 --> 00:38:53,724
This is the McCarthy era.
653
00:38:54,848 --> 00:38:58,724
People hounded out of jobs
for any hint of red, and...
654
00:38:59,635 --> 00:39:02,765
Reading Oppenheimer's security file,
his communist brother,
655
00:39:02,807 --> 00:39:05,557
sister-in-law, fiancรฉe, best friend, wife.
656
00:39:05,849 --> 00:39:08,296
That's before we even get
to the Chevalier incident.
657
00:39:08,349 --> 00:39:11,265
But how would Borden have access
to Oppenheimer's security file?
658
00:39:11,719 --> 00:39:13,140
Because somebody gave it to him.
659
00:39:14,724 --> 00:39:16,932
Somebody who wanted Robert silenced.
660
00:39:17,640 --> 00:39:19,182
Who?
-Who knows?
661
00:39:19,262 --> 00:39:23,140
Robert didn't take care not to upset
the power brokers in Washington.
662
00:39:24,104 --> 00:39:26,432
His opinions on the atom
became definitive,
663
00:39:26,849 --> 00:39:29,307
and he wasn't always patient
with us mere mortals.
664
00:39:33,099 --> 00:39:35,432
I came in for plenty of harsh treatment.
665
00:39:35,474 --> 00:39:38,390
There was an AEC vote
666
00:39:38,890 --> 00:39:41,224
on the export of isotopes to Norway,
667
00:39:41,265 --> 00:39:44,015
and they drafted in Robert
to make me look like a fool.
668
00:39:44,065 --> 00:39:47,267
But Dr. Oppenheimer, we've
already heard from Admiral Strauss
669
00:39:47,291 --> 00:39:50,390
that these isotopes could be
useful to our enemies
670
00:39:50,432 --> 00:39:51,890
in the production of atomic weapons.
671
00:39:51,968 --> 00:39:55,265
Congressman, you could use a shovel
in making atomic weapons.
672
00:39:55,390 --> 00:39:56,326
In fact, you do.
673
00:39:56,370 --> 00:39:59,367
You could use a bottle of beer
in making atomic weapons.
674
00:39:59,411 --> 00:40:02,057
In fact, you do. I'd say isotopes are
675
00:40:02,099 --> 00:40:04,182
less useful than electronic components,
676
00:40:04,224 --> 00:40:05,849
but more useful than a sandwich.
677
00:40:10,099 --> 00:40:11,599
Genius is no guarantee of wisdom.
678
00:40:12,682 --> 00:40:15,224
How could this man who
saw so much be so blind?
679
00:40:25,057 --> 00:40:26,057
Kitty?
680
00:40:31,182 --> 00:40:32,182
Kitty?
681
00:40:33,724 --> 00:40:34,724
Kitty.
682
00:40:35,099 --> 00:40:36,099
The project.
683
00:40:37,057 --> 00:40:38,057
I'm in.
684
00:40:39,140 --> 00:40:41,265
I'm in!
-Let's celebrate.
685
00:40:47,390 --> 00:40:48,599
Shouldn't you go to him?
686
00:40:53,682 --> 00:40:56,765
I have been going to him all fucking day.
687
00:41:22,599 --> 00:41:24,224
I don't know how to say this.
688
00:41:25,768 --> 00:41:26,890
I'm ashamed to ask.
689
00:41:27,640 --> 00:41:28,640
Anything.
690
00:41:29,550 --> 00:41:31,265
Take Peter.
-Sure.
691
00:41:31,432 --> 00:41:33,432
No, for a while, Haak.
692
00:41:34,182 --> 00:41:35,181
A while.
693
00:41:37,432 --> 00:41:40,474
Does Kitty know you're here?
-Yes, of course she knows.
694
00:41:41,599 --> 00:41:42,724
Of course she knows.
695
00:41:43,848 --> 00:41:46,167
We're awful people.
Selfish, awful people.
696
00:41:48,765 --> 00:41:49,766
Forget I asked.
697
00:41:49,810 --> 00:41:51,826
Selfish, awful people,
698
00:41:51,870 --> 00:41:54,432
they don't know they're selfish and awful.
699
00:41:55,031 --> 00:41:56,265
Sit, sit, sit.
700
00:41:57,849 --> 00:42:01,765
Robert, you see beyond
the world we live in.
701
00:42:03,553 --> 00:42:05,474
There is a price to be paid for that.
702
00:42:06,140 --> 00:42:07,307
Of course we'll help you.
703
00:42:18,682 --> 00:42:20,432
Everything's changing, Robert.
704
00:42:21,140 --> 00:42:22,849
Having a child was
always going to change...
705
00:42:22,890 --> 00:42:26,390
No, the world is pivoting
in some new direction.
706
00:42:27,557 --> 00:42:28,640
Reforming.
707
00:42:31,182 --> 00:42:32,265
This is your moment.
708
00:42:34,185 --> 00:42:37,224
We're putting together a group to study...
-We shouldn't be doing anything.
709
00:42:37,567 --> 00:42:38,556
You should.
710
00:42:39,369 --> 00:42:41,015
Lawrence won't get this done.
711
00:42:41,599 --> 00:42:43,432
Or Tolman or Rabi. You will.
712
00:42:52,974 --> 00:42:54,099
Who are the uniforms?
713
00:42:55,474 --> 00:42:56,474
I thought you might know.
714
00:42:59,114 --> 00:43:00,098
Dr. Oppenheimer.
715
00:43:01,557 --> 00:43:04,849
I'm Colonel Groves. This is
Lieutenant Colonel Nichols.
716
00:43:05,099 --> 00:43:06,097
Have that dry cleaned.
717
00:43:11,978 --> 00:43:14,432
Well, if that's how you treat
a lieutenant colonel,
718
00:43:14,474 --> 00:43:17,849
I'd hate to see how you treat a...
humble physicist.
719
00:43:17,890 --> 00:43:19,765
If I ever meet one, I'll let you know.
720
00:43:20,765 --> 00:43:23,349
Ouch.
-Theaters of combat all over the world,
721
00:43:23,390 --> 00:43:24,974
but I have to stay in Washington.
722
00:43:25,765 --> 00:43:27,884
Why?
-I built the Pentagon.
723
00:43:27,928 --> 00:43:29,140
The brass likes it so much,
724
00:43:29,182 --> 00:43:32,349
they made me take over
the Manhattan Engineer District.
725
00:43:33,171 --> 00:43:35,890
Which is?
-Don't be a smartass.
726
00:43:36,140 --> 00:43:37,250
You know damn well what it is.
727
00:43:37,294 --> 00:43:39,811
You and half of every physics
department across the country.
728
00:43:39,855 --> 00:43:41,099
That's problem number one.
729
00:43:41,890 --> 00:43:44,849
I thought problem number one
would be securing enough uranium ore.
730
00:43:45,182 --> 00:43:48,474
1,200 tons, bought the day I took charge.
-Processing?
731
00:43:48,765 --> 00:43:50,724
Just broke ground at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
732
00:43:52,087 --> 00:43:53,724
Now I'm looking for a project director.
733
00:43:54,640 --> 00:43:55,724
And my name came up?
734
00:43:56,224 --> 00:43:57,224
Nope.
735
00:43:58,057 --> 00:44:01,557
Even though you brought quantum physics
to America, which made me curious.
736
00:44:02,265 --> 00:44:03,349
What have you found out?
737
00:44:04,718 --> 00:44:08,474
You're a dilettante, a womanizer,
a suspected communist.
738
00:44:08,515 --> 00:44:11,140
I'm a New Deal Democrat.
-I said "suspected".
739
00:44:11,640 --> 00:44:15,747
Unstable, theatrical,
egotistical, neurotic.
740
00:44:15,791 --> 00:44:16,808
Nothing good, no?
741
00:44:16,852 --> 00:44:18,758
Not even "he's brilliant, but..."
742
00:44:18,782 --> 00:44:21,390
Well, brilliance is taken
for granted in your circle, so no.
743
00:44:22,140 --> 00:44:25,015
No, the only person who had anything
good to say was Richard Tolman.
744
00:44:25,890 --> 00:44:27,599
Tolman thinks you have integrity,
745
00:44:27,849 --> 00:44:32,265
but he also strikes me as a guy who
knows more about science than people.
746
00:44:32,765 --> 00:44:33,766
Yet here you are.
747
00:44:34,804 --> 00:44:36,265
You don't take much on trust.
748
00:44:36,474 --> 00:44:37,932
I don't take anything on trust.
749
00:44:42,100 --> 00:44:43,432
Why don't you have a Nobel Prize?
750
00:44:43,781 --> 00:44:45,940
Why aren't you a general?
-They're making me one for this.
751
00:44:46,015 --> 00:44:47,420
Perhaps I'll have the same luck.
752
00:44:47,422 --> 00:44:48,959
The Nobel Prize for making a bomb?
753
00:44:49,003 --> 00:44:50,849
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
754
00:44:53,905 --> 00:44:54,974
So how would you proceed?
755
00:44:57,077 --> 00:45:01,559
You're talking about turning theory
into a practical weapon system
756
00:45:01,807 --> 00:45:04,849
faster than the Nazis.
-Who have a 12-month head start.
757
00:45:05,015 --> 00:45:07,015
18.
-How could you possibly know that?
758
00:45:07,307 --> 00:45:09,502
Our fast neutron research took six months.
759
00:45:09,546 --> 00:45:12,504
The man they've undoubtedly put in charge
will have made that leap instantly.
760
00:45:12,548 --> 00:45:14,688
Who do you think they put in charge?
-Werner Heisenberg.
761
00:45:14,890 --> 00:45:19,015
He has the most intuitive understanding
of atomic structure I have ever seen.
762
00:45:19,193 --> 00:45:20,724
You know his work?
-I know him,
763
00:45:21,015 --> 00:45:23,352
just like I know Walther Bothe,
von Weizsรคcker, Diebner.
764
00:45:23,396 --> 00:45:24,932
In a straight race, the Germans win.
765
00:45:25,778 --> 00:45:27,432
We've got one hope.
-Which is?
766
00:45:28,890 --> 00:45:29,891
Antisemitism.
767
00:45:31,974 --> 00:45:32,932
What?
768
00:45:32,960 --> 00:45:35,599
Hitler called quantum physics
"Jewish science".
769
00:45:35,640 --> 00:45:36,974
Said it right to Einstein's face.
770
00:45:37,015 --> 00:45:40,515
Our one hope is that Hitler
is so blinded by hate
771
00:45:40,557 --> 00:45:42,599
that he's denied Heisenberg
proper resources,
772
00:45:42,640 --> 00:45:44,390
because it'll take vast resources.
773
00:45:44,515 --> 00:45:47,224
Our nation's best scientists working
together. Right now, they're scattered.
774
00:45:47,323 --> 00:45:48,974
Which gives us compartmentalization.
775
00:45:49,265 --> 00:45:52,240
All minds have to see the whole task
to contribute efficiently.
776
00:45:52,284 --> 00:45:54,515
Poor security may cost us the race.
777
00:45:54,557 --> 00:45:55,724
Inefficiency will.
778
00:45:56,633 --> 00:45:58,099
The Germans know more than us anyway.
779
00:45:58,575 --> 00:45:59,724
The Russians don't.
780
00:46:01,457 --> 00:46:04,307
Remind me, who are we at war with?
781
00:46:04,890 --> 00:46:07,724
Somebody with your past doesn't
want to be seen downplaying
782
00:46:07,765 --> 00:46:11,099
the importance of security
from our communist allies.
783
00:46:12,182 --> 00:46:14,307
Point taken, but... no.
784
00:46:14,728 --> 00:46:16,057
You don't get to say no to me.
785
00:46:16,224 --> 00:46:18,307
It's my job to say no to you
when you're wrong.
786
00:46:19,224 --> 00:46:20,599
So you have the job now?
787
00:46:20,682 --> 00:46:22,182
Uh, I'm considering it.
788
00:46:25,513 --> 00:46:27,515
I'm starting to see where
you got your reputation.
789
00:46:29,182 --> 00:46:30,390
My favorite response:
790
00:46:31,515 --> 00:46:33,640
"Oppenheimer couldn't run
a hamburger stand."
791
00:46:35,599 --> 00:46:36,599
I couldn't.
792
00:46:38,765 --> 00:46:40,599
But I can run the Manhattan Project.
793
00:46:42,130 --> 00:46:43,724
There's a way to balance these things.
794
00:46:44,771 --> 00:46:47,765
Keep the Rad Lab here
at Berkeley, under Lawrence.
795
00:46:48,224 --> 00:46:50,265
Met Lab in Chicago, under Szilard.
796
00:46:50,474 --> 00:46:52,432
Large-scale refining, where
did you say, Tennessee?
797
00:46:52,849 --> 00:46:54,224
And Hanford.
-And Hanford.
798
00:46:54,557 --> 00:46:57,974
All America's industrial-minded
scientific innovation,
799
00:46:58,307 --> 00:47:01,474
connected by rail, focused on one goal,
800
00:47:01,724 --> 00:47:03,182
one point in space and time.
801
00:47:03,432 --> 00:47:06,038
And it comes together here,
a secret laboratory.
802
00:47:06,082 --> 00:47:08,379
In the middle of nowhere,
secure, self-sufficient.
803
00:47:08,423 --> 00:47:09,849
Equipment, housing, the works.
804
00:47:09,964 --> 00:47:11,265
Keep everyone there until it's done.
805
00:47:12,273 --> 00:47:14,974
We'll need a school, stores, a church.
-Why?
806
00:47:15,265 --> 00:47:18,057
If we don't let scientists bring their
families, we'll never get the best.
807
00:47:18,295 --> 00:47:20,932
You want security,
build a town. Build it fast.
808
00:47:21,276 --> 00:47:22,265
Where?
809
00:47:26,265 --> 00:47:27,599
Welcome to Los Alamos.
810
00:47:28,299 --> 00:47:30,390
There's a boys' school
we'll have to commandeer,
811
00:47:30,432 --> 00:47:32,390
and the local Indians
come up here for burial rites,
812
00:47:32,432 --> 00:47:34,197
but apart from that, nothing.
813
00:47:34,241 --> 00:47:35,724
40 miles. Any direction.
814
00:47:35,974 --> 00:47:37,307
We'll have to find the perfect spot.
815
00:47:38,062 --> 00:47:39,849
For?
-Success.
816
00:47:45,575 --> 00:47:47,432
Build him a town. Fast.
817
00:47:49,349 --> 00:47:50,765
Let's go recruit some scientists.
818
00:47:51,807 --> 00:47:53,182
Why would I leave my family?
819
00:47:53,224 --> 00:47:54,974
I told you, you can bring your family.
820
00:47:55,057 --> 00:47:57,182
I'm not a soldier, Oppie.
-A soldier?
821
00:47:57,765 --> 00:48:00,057
He's a general. I've got
all the soldier I need.
822
00:48:00,698 --> 00:48:01,723
What can I tell them?
823
00:48:02,458 --> 00:48:05,724
Heisenberg, Diebner, Bothe and Bohr.
What do these men have in common?
824
00:48:05,890 --> 00:48:08,599
Uh, the greatest minds on atomic theory.
-Yes, and?
825
00:48:09,765 --> 00:48:10,766
As much as you like.
826
00:48:12,474 --> 00:48:13,974
Until you feel my boot on your balls.
827
00:48:15,300 --> 00:48:18,807
You know isotopes, and you know explosives
better than anyone in the world.
828
00:48:19,122 --> 00:48:20,390
But you can't tell us what you're doing.
829
00:48:24,599 --> 00:48:26,140
I don't know.
-The Nazis have them.
830
00:48:26,763 --> 00:48:27,822
Niels Bohr's in Copenhagen.
831
00:48:27,849 --> 00:48:30,849
Under Nazi occupation. Did they stop
printing newspapers in Princeton?
832
00:48:31,107 --> 00:48:34,682
Why would we go to the middle of nowhere
for who knows how long?
833
00:48:34,724 --> 00:48:36,390
For a year or two. Or three.
834
00:48:38,015 --> 00:48:40,932
General, could you... give us a moment?
835
00:48:42,372 --> 00:48:44,724
It's about unleashing a strong force.
836
00:48:46,479 --> 00:48:47,765
Before the Nazis do.
837
00:48:48,682 --> 00:48:49,682
Oh my god.
838
00:48:50,182 --> 00:48:52,140
Niels won't work for the Nazis.
-No, never.
839
00:48:52,265 --> 00:48:54,140
But while they have him, we don't.
840
00:48:54,640 --> 00:48:55,682
That's why I need you.
841
00:48:56,057 --> 00:48:57,640
Why would you think I'd do that?
842
00:48:57,932 --> 00:48:59,307
Why? Why?
843
00:49:00,031 --> 00:49:02,140
How about because this is
the most important fucking thing
844
00:49:02,182 --> 00:49:04,057
to ever happen in the
history of the world?
845
00:49:04,265 --> 00:49:05,267
How about that?
846
00:49:06,182 --> 00:49:07,183
Fuck.
847
00:49:12,101 --> 00:49:13,974
They're not gonna let me
onto this project.
848
00:49:15,180 --> 00:49:16,182
And failing a security check
849
00:49:16,224 --> 00:49:18,640
is not going to be good
for a career even after the war.
850
00:49:18,807 --> 00:49:21,099
So you're a fellow traveler. So what?
851
00:49:21,426 --> 00:49:23,125
This is a national emergency.
852
00:49:23,182 --> 00:49:25,599
I've got some skeletons.
They put me in charge.
853
00:49:26,182 --> 00:49:27,181
They need us.
854
00:49:27,640 --> 00:49:28,640
Until they don't.
855
00:49:33,015 --> 00:49:35,057
Is there any chance
of getting Bohr out of Denmark?
856
00:49:35,178 --> 00:49:37,890
Yeah, no dice.
I checked with the British.
857
00:49:38,561 --> 00:49:41,515
Until we get Allied boots back onto
the continent, there's just no way.
858
00:49:43,613 --> 00:49:44,724
Is he that important?
859
00:49:44,765 --> 00:49:47,682
How many people do you know
who proved Einstein wrong?
860
00:49:49,238 --> 00:49:51,307
You know, it really would be
quicker to take a plane.
861
00:49:51,390 --> 00:49:52,432
A plane's too risky.
862
00:49:53,015 --> 00:49:54,015
The country needs us.
863
00:49:57,682 --> 00:49:58,682
What happened, guys?
864
00:49:58,726 --> 00:50:00,890
They say the building's
too small for this cyclotron.
865
00:50:03,724 --> 00:50:05,140
Get them together with the architects.
866
00:50:08,894 --> 00:50:10,307
When's this place supposed to open?
867
00:50:13,636 --> 00:50:14,642
Two months.
868
00:50:15,932 --> 00:50:19,099
Robert, you're the great
improviser, but this...
869
00:50:20,182 --> 00:50:21,515
you can't do in your head.
870
00:50:22,974 --> 00:50:24,015
Four divisions.
871
00:50:25,390 --> 00:50:28,974
Experimental, theoretical, metallurgical.
872
00:50:29,087 --> 00:50:30,349
Who's running theoretical?
873
00:50:30,390 --> 00:50:31,391
I am.
874
00:50:31,568 --> 00:50:34,182
That's what I was afraid of.
You're spread too thin.
875
00:50:35,724 --> 00:50:36,974
So you take theoretical.
876
00:50:40,140 --> 00:50:42,641
I'm not coming here, Robert.
877
00:50:48,932 --> 00:50:49,934
Why not?
878
00:50:56,682 --> 00:51:00,140
You drop a bomb and it falls
on the just and the unjust.
879
00:51:01,765 --> 00:51:04,390
I don't wish the culmination
of three centuries of physics
880
00:51:04,432 --> 00:51:06,057
to be a weapon of mass destruction.
881
00:51:16,182 --> 00:51:17,183
Izzy...
882
00:51:18,140 --> 00:51:22,265
I don't know if we can be trusted
with such a weapon.
883
00:51:24,099 --> 00:51:26,890
But I know the Nazis can't.
884
00:51:31,099 --> 00:51:32,140
We have no choice.
885
00:51:35,099 --> 00:51:36,100
Then...
886
00:51:37,974 --> 00:51:39,182
The second thing you have to do
887
00:51:39,224 --> 00:51:42,307
is appoint Hans Bethe
to run the theoretical division.
888
00:51:44,767 --> 00:51:46,557
Wait, what was the first?
889
00:51:46,849 --> 00:51:48,765
Take off that ridiculous uniform.
890
00:51:49,228 --> 00:51:50,349
You're a scientist.
891
00:51:50,629 --> 00:51:52,099
Groves is insisting we join.
892
00:51:52,429 --> 00:51:54,140
Tell Groves to go shit in his hat.
893
00:51:54,723 --> 00:51:56,057
They need us for who we are.
894
00:51:56,385 --> 00:51:57,391
So be yourself.
895
00:51:58,390 --> 00:51:59,392
Only better.
896
00:52:39,515 --> 00:52:40,599
This is the only key.
897
00:52:41,182 --> 00:52:43,099
And Teller's already here.
898
00:52:43,432 --> 00:52:45,795
Shall I just show him in?
-No, let's wait for the others.
899
00:52:54,015 --> 00:52:55,016
Let's get started.
900
00:52:55,682 --> 00:52:58,140
Hello, Edward.
-Yes.
901
00:52:58,307 --> 00:53:00,622
Gentlemen, so, we will work here
902
00:53:00,646 --> 00:53:03,724
until the T Section
at Los Alamos is finished.
903
00:53:03,765 --> 00:53:05,515
Edward, can I...?
-This is more important.
904
00:53:08,015 --> 00:53:11,849
When I calculated the chain reaction,
I found a rather troubling possibility.
905
00:53:13,140 --> 00:53:15,724
No, this can't be right.
906
00:53:16,640 --> 00:53:18,099
Show me how you did your calculations.
907
00:53:18,399 --> 00:53:19,392
Yes.
908
00:53:23,099 --> 00:53:26,182
Exponential.
-No, no, no. No.
909
00:53:29,640 --> 00:53:30,682
This is fantasy.
910
00:53:31,432 --> 00:53:32,890
Teller's calculations can't be right.
911
00:53:33,890 --> 00:53:35,765
Do them yourself while I go to Princeton.
912
00:53:36,208 --> 00:53:38,185
What for?
-To talk to Einstein.
913
00:53:38,229 --> 00:53:40,349
Well, there's not much
common ground between the two.
914
00:53:40,557 --> 00:53:41,932
That's why I should get his view.
915
00:53:47,390 --> 00:53:48,557
Albert.
-Hmm?
916
00:53:49,140 --> 00:53:51,307
Ah, Dr. Oppenheimer.
917
00:53:51,849 --> 00:53:53,224
Have you met Dr. Gรถdel?
918
00:53:53,598 --> 00:53:55,182
We walk here most days.
919
00:53:55,515 --> 00:53:59,182
Trees have the most inspiring structures.
920
00:53:59,849 --> 00:54:01,640
Albert, might I have a word?
921
00:54:02,182 --> 00:54:03,932
Of course. Excuse me, Kurt.
922
00:54:05,974 --> 00:54:08,515
Some days Kurt refuses to eat.
923
00:54:08,932 --> 00:54:13,307
Even in Princeton, he's convinced
that the Nazis can poison his food.
924
00:54:24,792 --> 00:54:27,307
Whose, whose work is this?
925
00:54:27,724 --> 00:54:28,725
Teller's.
926
00:54:30,003 --> 00:54:31,640
What do you take it to mean?
927
00:54:32,504 --> 00:54:34,307
Neutrons smash into the nucleus,
928
00:54:34,349 --> 00:54:37,599
releasing neutrons
to smash into other nuclei.
929
00:54:38,515 --> 00:54:39,517
Criticality.
930
00:54:39,705 --> 00:54:42,057
Point of no return.
Massive explosive force.
931
00:54:42,365 --> 00:54:44,724
But this time, the chain
reaction doesn't stop.
932
00:54:45,682 --> 00:54:47,765
It would ignite the atmosphere.
933
00:54:49,890 --> 00:54:53,849
When we detonate an atomic device,
we might start a chain reaction that...
934
00:54:55,015 --> 00:54:56,142
destroys the world.
935
00:54:57,515 --> 00:54:58,807
So here we are, hmm?
936
00:54:59,265 --> 00:55:03,140
Lost in your quantum
world of probabilities,
937
00:55:03,599 --> 00:55:05,140
and needing certainty.
938
00:55:06,015 --> 00:55:07,890
Can you run the calculations yourself?
939
00:55:08,932 --> 00:55:11,265
About the only thing
you and I have in common
940
00:55:11,307 --> 00:55:13,349
is a disdain for mathematics.
941
00:55:13,515 --> 00:55:15,640
Who's working on this in Berkeley?
942
00:55:15,726 --> 00:55:16,724
Hans Bethe.
943
00:55:16,765 --> 00:55:18,599
Well, he'll get to the truth.
944
00:55:20,640 --> 00:55:22,474
And if the truth is catastrophic?
945
00:55:23,432 --> 00:55:27,599
Then you stop, and you share
your findings with the Nazis.
946
00:55:28,593 --> 00:55:30,807
So neither side destroys the world.
947
00:55:34,765 --> 00:55:35,772
Robert.
948
00:55:37,350 --> 00:55:39,307
This is yours, not mine.
949
00:55:53,390 --> 00:55:54,390
Teller's wrong.
950
00:55:55,085 --> 00:55:56,100
He's wrong.
951
00:56:05,929 --> 00:56:09,765
When you know Teller's critical
assumptions, the real picture emerges.
952
00:56:09,870 --> 00:56:10,890
Bottom line?
953
00:56:11,765 --> 00:56:14,599
The chances of an out-of-control
nuclear reaction are near-zero.
954
00:56:14,832 --> 00:56:15,932
Near-zero.
955
00:56:17,557 --> 00:56:18,932
Oppie, this is good news.
956
00:56:19,015 --> 00:56:20,018
Mm-hmm.
957
00:56:21,195 --> 00:56:22,183
Can you run them again?
958
00:56:22,263 --> 00:56:23,599
Oh, you'll get the same answer.
959
00:56:24,164 --> 00:56:25,807
Until they actually detonate
one of these things,
960
00:56:25,849 --> 00:56:27,557
the best assurance
you're going to get is this.
961
00:56:28,390 --> 00:56:29,390
Near-zero.
962
00:56:32,907 --> 00:56:34,682
Theory will take you only so far.
963
00:56:35,432 --> 00:56:37,224
Hello!
-Hi.
964
00:56:37,388 --> 00:56:38,391
We missed him.
965
00:56:38,769 --> 00:56:39,767
You want to adopt?
966
00:56:39,989 --> 00:56:40,975
She's kidding.
967
00:56:41,030 --> 00:56:42,807
We wanted to see you before we left.
968
00:56:43,430 --> 00:56:45,765
For parts unknown.
969
00:56:46,972 --> 00:56:48,640
You know who I ran into the other day?
970
00:56:49,224 --> 00:56:50,225
Eltenton.
971
00:56:52,140 --> 00:56:54,390
That chemist from Shell?
The union guy?
972
00:56:54,574 --> 00:56:57,099
Yeah, the FAECT guy.
973
00:56:58,495 --> 00:57:00,557
He was moaning about
how we're handling the war.
974
00:57:01,737 --> 00:57:02,725
How so?
975
00:57:03,417 --> 00:57:05,640
Lack of cooperation with our allies.
976
00:57:06,265 --> 00:57:10,182
Apparently, our government's not sharing
any research with the Russians.
977
00:57:10,890 --> 00:57:14,390
He said most scientists
think the policy is stupid.
978
00:57:17,765 --> 00:57:19,474
Oh, yeah?
-Yeah.
979
00:57:20,280 --> 00:57:24,015
He mentioned that if anyone had
anything they wanted to pass on,
980
00:57:25,140 --> 00:57:28,474
going around official channels,
that he could help.
981
00:57:37,307 --> 00:57:38,474
That would be treason.
982
00:57:39,814 --> 00:57:40,890
Yes, of course.
983
00:57:42,015 --> 00:57:43,224
I just thought you should know.
984
00:57:46,218 --> 00:57:47,807
The brat is down.
985
00:57:48,379 --> 00:57:49,392
Where are the martinis?
986
00:57:54,849 --> 00:57:55,850
Coming right up.
987
00:57:56,390 --> 00:57:58,099
The conversation ended there.
988
00:57:58,390 --> 00:58:01,390
Nothing in our long-standing friendship
would have led me to believe
989
00:58:01,432 --> 00:58:04,349
that Chevalier was actually
seeking information,
990
00:58:04,475 --> 00:58:08,724
and I am certain that he had no idea
of the work in which I was engaged.
991
00:58:13,807 --> 00:58:18,140
It has long been clear to me that I should
have reported this incident at once.
992
00:58:18,625 --> 00:58:21,225
The Oppenheimer situation
highlights the tension
993
00:58:21,267 --> 00:58:24,475
between scientists
and the security apparatus.
994
00:58:24,768 --> 00:58:27,142
In hopes of learning how
the nominee handled such issues
995
00:58:27,184 --> 00:58:28,934
during his time at the AEC,
996
00:58:29,292 --> 00:58:31,892
we'll have a scientist appearing
before the committee.
997
00:58:33,214 --> 00:58:34,267
Who are they bringing in?
998
00:58:34,515 --> 00:58:35,518
They hadn't said.
999
00:58:35,755 --> 00:58:39,642
Mr. Chairman, if I may,
I'm nominated for Commerce Secretary.
1000
00:58:39,758 --> 00:58:41,975
Why seek the opinion of scientists?
1001
00:58:42,420 --> 00:58:44,184
This is a cabinet post, Admiral.
1002
00:58:44,221 --> 00:58:47,059
We seek a wide range of opinion.
1003
00:58:47,100 --> 00:58:49,350
I'd like to know the name
of the scientist testifying.
1004
00:58:49,392 --> 00:58:50,975
I'd like the chance to cross-examine.
1005
00:58:51,475 --> 00:58:52,667
This is not a court.
1006
00:58:54,475 --> 00:58:55,476
Formality, huh?
1007
00:58:55,517 --> 00:58:59,559
No presidential cabinet nominee
has failed to be confirmed since 1925.
1008
00:58:59,725 --> 00:59:01,475
This is just how the game is played.
1009
00:59:01,517 --> 00:59:03,809
It's in the bag, Lewis. So play nice.
1010
00:59:04,392 --> 00:59:05,892
They bring in a scientist, so what?
1011
00:59:06,350 --> 00:59:08,475
You don't know scientists
like I do, Counselor.
1012
00:59:08,517 --> 00:59:10,684
They resent anyone who
questions their judgment,
1013
00:59:10,725 --> 00:59:12,185
especially if you're not one of them.
1014
00:59:12,475 --> 00:59:13,809
I was chair of the AEC.
1015
00:59:14,017 --> 00:59:16,100
I'm easy to blame
for what happened to Robert.
1016
00:59:16,142 --> 00:59:17,434
We can't have the Senate thinking
1017
00:59:17,475 --> 00:59:19,850
the scientific community
doesn't support you, sir.
1018
00:59:21,142 --> 00:59:22,225
Or should we pivot?
1019
00:59:22,850 --> 00:59:24,225
To what?
-And embrace it.
1020
00:59:25,267 --> 00:59:27,267
"I fought Oppenheimer,
and the US won."
1021
00:59:27,559 --> 00:59:29,100
I don't think we need to go there.
1022
00:59:29,142 --> 00:59:31,475
Isn't there someone we can call
who knows what really happened?
1023
00:59:31,517 --> 00:59:33,100
Teller.
-He'll make an impression.
1024
00:59:33,225 --> 00:59:35,017
Can you get the name
of the scientist they've called?
1025
00:59:35,100 --> 00:59:37,517
Probably.
-Find out if he was based in Chicago
1026
00:59:37,767 --> 00:59:39,184
or Los Alamos during the war.
1027
00:59:39,392 --> 00:59:40,225
Why does that matter?
1028
00:59:40,309 --> 00:59:42,975
Well, if he was based in Chicago,
they worked under Szilard and Fermi,
1029
00:59:43,017 --> 00:59:44,975
not the cult to Bobby in Los Alamos.
1030
00:59:45,452 --> 00:59:48,475
Robert built that damn place.
He was founder, mayor, sheriff.
1031
00:59:49,309 --> 00:59:50,512
All rolled into one.
1032
01:00:03,225 --> 01:00:04,934
Now all it needs is a saloon.
1033
01:00:34,725 --> 01:00:35,766
There's no kitchen.
1034
01:00:37,227 --> 01:00:39,350
Really? We'll fix that.
1035
01:00:46,475 --> 01:00:48,642
Barbed wire? Guns?
1036
01:00:49,725 --> 01:00:52,100
Oppie...
-We're at war, Hans.
1037
01:00:54,970 --> 01:00:55,970
Halifax.
1038
01:00:56,434 --> 01:00:57,517
1917.
1039
01:00:57,642 --> 01:01:00,350
A cargo ship carrying munitions
explodes in the harbor.
1040
01:01:02,975 --> 01:01:05,725
A vast and sudden chemical reaction.
1041
01:01:09,517 --> 01:01:12,059
The biggest man-made explosion in history.
1042
01:01:12,963 --> 01:01:15,725
Now, let's calculate how much more
destructive it would have been
1043
01:01:15,767 --> 01:01:18,762
if it were a nuclear and
not a chemical reaction,
1044
01:01:19,350 --> 01:01:22,017
expressing power in terms of tons of TNT.
1045
01:01:22,488 --> 01:01:23,850
But it will be thousands.
1046
01:01:24,350 --> 01:01:27,100
Well, then, kilotons.
1047
01:01:31,017 --> 01:01:33,434
Using U-235,
1048
01:01:34,309 --> 01:01:35,725
the bomb will need a...
-Uh...
1049
01:01:36,678 --> 01:01:39,934
Sorry. Gadget will need
a 33-pound sphere
1050
01:01:40,144 --> 01:01:41,392
about this size,
1051
01:01:41,553 --> 01:01:44,892
or using plutonium, a ten-pound sphere.
1052
01:01:46,812 --> 01:01:50,767
Here's the amount of uranium
Oak Ridge refined all of last month.
1053
01:01:54,809 --> 01:01:57,512
And the Hanford plant
made this much plutonium.
1054
01:01:59,834 --> 01:02:03,642
Now, if we can enrich these amounts,
we need a way to detonate them.
1055
01:02:04,767 --> 01:02:05,975
Are we boring you, Edward?
1056
01:02:07,053 --> 01:02:08,184
A little bit, yes.
1057
01:02:08,517 --> 01:02:09,684
May I ask why?
1058
01:02:09,934 --> 01:02:13,184
We all entered this room
knowing a fission bomb was possible.
1059
01:02:14,004 --> 01:02:15,725
How about we leave it with something new?
1060
01:02:16,065 --> 01:02:17,060
Such as?
1061
01:02:17,350 --> 01:02:20,892
Instead of uranium or plutonium,
we use hydrogen.
1062
01:02:22,029 --> 01:02:24,642
Heavy hydrogen. Deuterium.
1063
01:02:25,707 --> 01:02:28,059
You see, we compact the atoms together
1064
01:02:28,100 --> 01:02:31,267
under great pressure
to induce a fusion reaction.
1065
01:02:32,517 --> 01:02:36,392
Then we'll get not kilotons, but megatons.
1066
01:02:37,350 --> 01:02:38,767
Okay, hang on, hang on.
1067
01:02:39,303 --> 01:02:43,142
So how do you generate enough
force to fuse hydrogen atoms?
1068
01:02:44,350 --> 01:02:45,517
A small fission bomb.
1069
01:02:46,434 --> 01:02:47,560
There we are!
1070
01:02:49,674 --> 01:02:51,475
Well, since we're going
to need one anyway,
1071
01:02:51,517 --> 01:02:53,017
can we get back to the business at hand?
1072
01:02:53,267 --> 01:02:56,475
The isotopes issue
wasn't your most important
1073
01:02:56,809 --> 01:02:59,600
policy disagreement
with Dr. Oppenheimer.
1074
01:02:59,654 --> 01:03:02,073
It was the hydrogen bomb, wasn't it?
1075
01:03:02,225 --> 01:03:06,975
As colleagues, we agreed to disagree
on a great many things, uh...
1076
01:03:07,350 --> 01:03:11,059
And one of them was the need
for an H-bomb program, yes.
1077
01:03:24,725 --> 01:03:27,303
Thanks for convening on short notice.
1078
01:03:27,553 --> 01:03:28,595
I can't believe it.
1079
01:03:29,975 --> 01:03:33,225
But here we are. Catch me up.
What do we know?
1080
01:03:33,434 --> 01:03:37,434
One of our B-29s over the North
Pacific has detected radiation.
1081
01:03:37,848 --> 01:03:40,392
Do we have the filter papers?
-There's no doubt what this is.
1082
01:03:40,881 --> 01:03:43,767
White House says there's a doubt.
-Wishful thinking, I'm afraid.
1083
01:03:43,809 --> 01:03:46,642
Are those the long-range
detection filter papers?
1084
01:03:47,459 --> 01:03:48,767
It's an atomic test.
1085
01:03:52,434 --> 01:03:53,684
The Russians have a bomb.
1086
01:03:54,225 --> 01:03:56,850
We're supposed to be years
ahead of them, but this...
1087
01:03:57,642 --> 01:04:00,890
What were you guys doing in Los Alamos?
Wasn't security tight?
1088
01:04:00,976 --> 01:04:03,600
Of course it was. You weren't there.
-Forgive me, Doctor.
1089
01:04:05,892 --> 01:04:06,893
But I was there.
1090
01:04:08,225 --> 01:04:11,434
We can now consider the
actual mechanics of detonation.
1091
01:04:11,767 --> 01:04:14,350
Any ideas?
-I call this shooting.
1092
01:04:14,392 --> 01:04:18,267
We fire a chunk of fissionable
material into a larger sphere
1093
01:04:18,309 --> 01:04:20,350
with enough
force to achieve criticality.
1094
01:04:21,267 --> 01:04:23,983
What do we think? Anyone?
-I've been thinking about implosion.
1095
01:04:24,392 --> 01:04:27,475
Explosives around the sphere
blast inwards, crushing the material.
1096
01:04:28,517 --> 01:04:31,434
I'd like to investigate that idea.
-I'll talk to ordnance.
1097
01:04:31,517 --> 01:04:32,600
Get you blowing things up.
1098
01:04:33,850 --> 01:04:35,678
Progress?
-Nice to see you too.
1099
01:04:36,684 --> 01:04:37,975
Meet the British contingent.
1100
01:04:38,309 --> 01:04:40,350
Dr. Oppenheimer. Klaus Fuchs.
1101
01:04:40,684 --> 01:04:43,517
How long have you been British?
-Since Hitler told me I wasn't German.
1102
01:04:43,809 --> 01:04:46,517
Ah. Come, welcome to Los Alamos.
1103
01:04:47,559 --> 01:04:48,684
The school's up and running.
1104
01:04:49,090 --> 01:04:51,184
The bar.
-Always running.
1105
01:04:52,309 --> 01:04:54,350
And I thought of a way
to reduce support staff.
1106
01:04:55,934 --> 01:04:57,642
Is that...?
-Mrs. Serber, yes.
1107
01:04:57,812 --> 01:05:01,100
I've offered jobs to all the wives,
admin, librarians, computation.
1108
01:05:01,225 --> 01:05:03,184
We cut down on staff,
keep families together.
1109
01:05:03,434 --> 01:05:05,350
Are these women qualified?
-Don't be absurd.
1110
01:05:05,392 --> 01:05:07,559
These are some of the
brightest minds in our community.
1111
01:05:07,600 --> 01:05:09,017
And they're already security cleared.
1112
01:05:09,809 --> 01:05:11,888
I've informed General Groves
you've been holding cross-divisional
1113
01:05:11,912 --> 01:05:14,475
open discussions on a nightly basis.
-Shut them down.
1114
01:05:14,892 --> 01:05:16,517
Compartmentalization is the key
1115
01:05:16,725 --> 01:05:18,350
to maintaining security...
-Only the top men.
1116
01:05:18,392 --> 01:05:20,350
Who presumably
communicate with subordinates.
1117
01:05:20,399 --> 01:05:22,234
These men aren't stupid.
They can be discreet.
1118
01:05:22,517 --> 01:05:24,225
I don't like it.
-You don't like anything enough
1119
01:05:24,267 --> 01:05:25,600
for that to be a fair test.
1120
01:05:31,975 --> 01:05:34,100
Once a week. Top men only.
1121
01:05:34,683 --> 01:05:36,434
I'd like to bring my brother here.
-No.
1122
01:05:38,559 --> 01:05:39,558
Nichols?
1123
01:05:41,184 --> 01:05:43,725
I still haven't heard that my security
clearance has been approved.
1124
01:05:43,809 --> 01:05:45,684
It hasn't.
-I'm going to Chicago tomorrow.
1125
01:05:45,975 --> 01:05:46,976
Well, you should wait.
1126
01:05:47,642 --> 01:05:49,975
You are aware that the Nazis
have a two-year head start?
1127
01:05:50,220 --> 01:05:52,100
Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact
that your security clearance
1128
01:05:52,142 --> 01:05:54,195
is proving difficult
to obtain is not my fault.
1129
01:05:54,517 --> 01:05:55,499
It's yours.
1130
01:05:55,559 --> 01:05:58,323
It may not be your fault, but it's
your problem. Because I'm going.
1131
01:05:59,225 --> 01:06:01,225
And how many people were in these, uh...
1132
01:06:02,017 --> 01:06:04,017
open discussions?
1133
01:06:04,100 --> 01:06:06,473
Too many. Compartmentalization
was supposed to be the protocol.
1134
01:06:06,512 --> 01:06:07,934
We were in a race
against the Nazis.
1135
01:06:07,975 --> 01:06:10,309
And now the race
is against the Soviets.
1136
01:06:10,350 --> 01:06:14,892
Not unless we start it.
-Robert, they just fired the starting gun.
1137
01:06:15,559 --> 01:06:17,403
What's the nature of the
device they detonated?
1138
01:06:17,934 --> 01:06:21,434
Data indicates it may have been
a plutonium implosion device.
1139
01:06:21,475 --> 01:06:23,973
Like the one you built at Los Alamos.
1140
01:06:24,600 --> 01:06:25,662
The Russians have a bomb.
1141
01:06:26,309 --> 01:06:29,559
Truman needs to know what's next.
-What's next? Arms talks.
1142
01:06:29,809 --> 01:06:30,934
Arms talks?
-Obviously.
1143
01:06:32,350 --> 01:06:35,100
What about the Super?
Does Truman even know about it?
1144
01:06:35,142 --> 01:06:36,509
Did we brief him on that?
1145
01:06:37,100 --> 01:06:38,150
Not specifically.
1146
01:06:38,434 --> 01:06:41,236
We still don't know if a hydrogen
bomb is technically feasible.
1147
01:06:41,309 --> 01:06:43,642
Right, my understanding
is that Teller proposed it.
1148
01:06:43,684 --> 01:06:44,809
Yes.
-At Los Alamos?
1149
01:06:44,850 --> 01:06:47,142
Teller's designs have
always been wildly impractical.
1150
01:06:47,184 --> 01:06:50,184
You'd have to deliver
by oxcart, not airplane.
1151
01:06:50,517 --> 01:06:52,225
Oppie!
-I'm sorry, Dr. Lawrence,
1152
01:06:52,267 --> 01:06:53,559
do you want to comment?
1153
01:06:55,392 --> 01:06:56,394
No.
1154
01:06:58,392 --> 01:07:00,434
Because if it can
put us ahead again,
1155
01:07:00,997 --> 01:07:05,475
the President of the United States
needs to know about it.
1156
01:07:07,559 --> 01:07:10,350
And if the Russians know
about it already from a spy,
1157
01:07:10,552 --> 01:07:13,544
at Los Alamos, then
we've got to get going.
1158
01:07:13,590 --> 01:07:16,169
There's no proof there
was a spy at Los Alamos.
1159
01:07:16,517 --> 01:07:17,517
Robert.
1160
01:07:22,559 --> 01:07:23,934
They put it under the football stadium?
1161
01:07:24,350 --> 01:07:25,642
The field's not in use anymore.
1162
01:07:26,267 --> 01:07:27,313
Just as well.
1163
01:07:30,350 --> 01:07:32,100
Oppie!
-Dr. Fermi.
1164
01:07:35,100 --> 01:07:37,809
I hear you've got a little town.
-Yes, come and see.
1165
01:07:39,225 --> 01:07:42,267
Who could think straight
in a place like that, huh?
1166
01:07:43,475 --> 01:07:44,975
Everybody will go crazy.
1167
01:07:46,267 --> 01:07:48,309
Thank you the vote
of confidence, Szilard.
1168
01:07:49,767 --> 01:07:52,267
Do we really... do we really
need that in the notes?
1169
01:07:53,410 --> 01:07:54,770
Are you gonna try it out?
1170
01:07:55,434 --> 01:07:56,434
We did.
1171
01:07:56,975 --> 01:08:00,017
The first self-sustaining
nuclear chain reaction.
1172
01:08:01,017 --> 01:08:02,059
Didn't Groves tell you?
1173
01:08:03,142 --> 01:08:04,152
No.
1174
01:08:11,780 --> 01:08:12,934
Dr. Oppenheimer?
1175
01:08:14,059 --> 01:08:15,267
I tried personnel.
1176
01:08:15,434 --> 01:08:18,017
They asked if I could type.
-Can you?
1177
01:08:18,142 --> 01:08:20,850
Harvard forgot to teach that on
the graduate chemistry course.
1178
01:08:22,892 --> 01:08:25,309
Condon, put Mrs. Hornig
here on the plutonium team.
1179
01:08:31,225 --> 01:08:33,017
What the hell were you doing in Chicago?
1180
01:08:33,434 --> 01:08:34,892
Visiting the met.
-Why?
1181
01:08:34,934 --> 01:08:36,100
You can't...
-Why?
1182
01:08:36,142 --> 01:08:37,475
Because we, we have every right...
1183
01:08:37,517 --> 01:08:41,517
You have just the rights that
I give you. No more, no less.
1184
01:08:42,017 --> 01:08:44,975
We are adults trying to run
a project here. This is ridiculous.
1185
01:08:45,767 --> 01:08:46,769
Tell him!
1186
01:08:48,195 --> 01:08:50,725
Compartmentalization
is the protocol we agreed to.
1187
01:08:52,142 --> 01:08:55,392
Enough of this madhouse.
Nobody can work under these conditions.
1188
01:08:55,434 --> 01:08:59,059
You know what?
Generalissimo, I quit!
1189
01:08:59,934 --> 01:09:00,934
Thanks for nothing.
1190
01:09:03,517 --> 01:09:04,517
Better off without him.
1191
01:09:06,184 --> 01:09:08,934
Aren't you more concerned
about his discretion out there?
1192
01:09:10,225 --> 01:09:11,226
We'll have him killed.
1193
01:09:13,475 --> 01:09:14,476
I'm just kidding.
1194
01:09:15,600 --> 01:09:17,267
No, he hates me, not America.
1195
01:09:17,934 --> 01:09:20,517
You know, General, not everyone
has levers to pull like mine.
1196
01:09:21,434 --> 01:09:22,434
I don't think I understand.
1197
01:09:23,017 --> 01:09:26,552
You didn't hire me despite my left-wing
past. You hired me because of it.
1198
01:09:27,725 --> 01:09:29,184
So you could control me.
1199
01:09:29,934 --> 01:09:33,403
No, I'm not that subtle.
I'm just a humble soldier.
1200
01:09:34,142 --> 01:09:37,642
You're neither humble, nor just a soldier.
You studied engineering at MIT.
1201
01:09:37,850 --> 01:09:40,017
Guilty as charged.
-Well, now we understand each other,
1202
01:09:40,059 --> 01:09:41,892
perhaps you can get
me my security clearance,
1203
01:09:41,934 --> 01:09:43,809
so I can perform
this miracle for you.
1204
01:09:50,059 --> 01:09:51,225
General Groves,
were you aware
1205
01:09:51,267 --> 01:09:54,642
of Dr. Oppenheimer's left-wing
associations when you appointed him?
1206
01:09:54,809 --> 01:09:56,934
I was aware that there
were suspicions about him.
1207
01:09:56,975 --> 01:09:59,975
I was aware he had a very
extreme liberal background.
1208
01:10:00,226 --> 01:10:03,404
In your opinion, would he ever
consciously commit a disloyal act?
1209
01:10:03,498 --> 01:10:05,100
I would be amazed if he did.
1210
01:10:05,248 --> 01:10:07,794
So you had complete
confidence in his integrity?
1211
01:10:08,013 --> 01:10:10,767
At Los Alamos, yes. Which
is where I really knew him.
1212
01:10:10,975 --> 01:10:13,443
Do you know that your
security officers on the project
1213
01:10:13,498 --> 01:10:15,809
advised you against the
clearance of Dr. Oppenheimer?
1214
01:10:15,850 --> 01:10:19,725
They could not, and would not,
clear him until I insisted.
1215
01:10:19,892 --> 01:10:21,767
And it's safe to say that you
had pretty good knowledge
1216
01:10:21,809 --> 01:10:24,100
of Dr. Oppenheimer's security file.
-I did.
1217
01:10:25,350 --> 01:10:27,767
Well, then there's only really one
question I need answered here today.
1218
01:10:27,850 --> 01:10:32,100
In light of the current AEC guidelines,
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1219
01:10:32,688 --> 01:10:33,809
Do you have the guidelines?
1220
01:10:41,684 --> 01:10:43,934
Under current AEC guidelines,
1221
01:10:44,080 --> 01:10:47,100
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1222
01:10:59,392 --> 01:11:00,809
Physics and New Mexico, huh?
1223
01:11:02,354 --> 01:11:04,600
My god. What a trek.
1224
01:11:05,517 --> 01:11:07,975
That's why you need a liaison.
-I'm appointing Lomanitz.
1225
01:11:09,559 --> 01:11:11,434
You're gonna be okay.
This way, gentlemen.
1226
01:11:21,934 --> 01:11:23,587
Dr. Lawrence.
-Leslie.
1227
01:11:24,350 --> 01:11:26,309
I'd like to remind you what
we talked about at Berkeley.
1228
01:11:26,475 --> 01:11:28,267
Compartmentalization,
I understand completely.
1229
01:11:43,642 --> 01:11:44,934
Greetings from Berkeley.
1230
01:11:45,100 --> 01:11:48,017
I am here to update you on our
progress and solicit your input.
1231
01:11:48,478 --> 01:11:50,849
To do so, I am going to have
to share a few things that
1232
01:11:50,892 --> 01:11:52,600
General Groves told me not to.
1233
01:11:53,392 --> 01:11:56,142
Sorry General, I said I understood,
not that I agreed.
1234
01:11:56,559 --> 01:11:59,517
Okay. Gentlemen, to business!
1235
01:12:00,017 --> 01:12:01,934
There were rumors of espionage
1236
01:12:01,975 --> 01:12:03,975
at Los Alamos.
-Unsubstantiated.
1237
01:12:04,017 --> 01:12:06,350
I'm told that there were communists
1238
01:12:06,392 --> 01:12:07,934
on the project.
-We didn't knowingly employ...
1239
01:12:07,975 --> 01:12:10,100
I just want to know,
were any of them involved
1240
01:12:10,142 --> 01:12:11,559
in discussions of the Super?
1241
01:12:11,934 --> 01:12:14,475
I seem to remember you demanding
your brother come to Los Alamos.
1242
01:12:14,517 --> 01:12:17,239
My brother had left the party by then.
-What about Lomanitz?
1243
01:12:17,434 --> 01:12:20,434
Lomanitz was never employed
at Los Alamos. He was a liaison.
1244
01:12:20,725 --> 01:12:23,225
Our security was tight,
as former Colonel Nichols well knows.
1245
01:12:23,267 --> 01:12:25,941
Our security was as tight as it could be
given the personalities involved,
1246
01:12:25,965 --> 01:12:27,034
but attempts were made.
1247
01:12:27,434 --> 01:12:30,017
What is that supposed to mean?
-We've all read his file here.
1248
01:12:31,350 --> 01:12:32,934
Do we need to talk about Jean Tatlock?
1249
01:12:34,642 --> 01:12:36,142
Or the Chevalier incident?
1250
01:12:40,767 --> 01:12:41,769
Excuse me.
1251
01:12:44,434 --> 01:12:46,309
Lomanitz, line one!
1252
01:12:53,267 --> 01:12:55,225
Hello, Rossi. What?
1253
01:12:56,267 --> 01:12:57,267
Okay, just calm down.
1254
01:12:58,559 --> 01:12:59,642
There's been another screwup.
1255
01:12:59,850 --> 01:13:03,017
Lomanitz just got drafted.
-We are at war, Doctor.
1256
01:13:03,142 --> 01:13:06,225
Don't be an asshole, Nichols.
We need this kid. Fix it, will you?
1257
01:13:06,767 --> 01:13:07,714
It wasn't a mistake.
1258
01:13:07,738 --> 01:13:10,603
Your friend Lomanitz has been
trying to unionize the radiation lab.
1259
01:13:10,892 --> 01:13:13,642
He promised to quit all that.
-Well, he hasn't.
1260
01:13:14,600 --> 01:13:17,521
The security officer at Berkeley is
concerned about communist infiltration
1261
01:13:17,608 --> 01:13:20,767
through that union, the FA...
-FAECT.
1262
01:13:23,975 --> 01:13:27,225
While I'm there next week,
I'll... drop in to see him.
1263
01:13:29,600 --> 01:13:31,071
Your Q clearance came through.
1264
01:13:34,850 --> 01:13:38,102
It's important you not maintain
or renew any questionable associations.
1265
01:13:43,559 --> 01:13:45,475
Doctor, did you think social contacts
1266
01:13:45,517 --> 01:13:49,767
between a person engaged on secret
war work and communists was dangerous?
1267
01:13:49,809 --> 01:13:52,559
My awareness of the danger
would be greater today.
1268
01:13:53,725 --> 01:13:56,100
I mean, it's fair to say
that during the war years,
1269
01:13:56,642 --> 01:13:59,434
you felt that such contacts
were potentially dangerous.
1270
01:14:06,142 --> 01:14:08,059
Were conceivably dangerous, yes.
1271
01:14:09,100 --> 01:14:10,101
I mean, really!
1272
01:14:11,267 --> 01:14:12,350
Known communists.
1273
01:14:15,559 --> 01:14:16,567
Look...
1274
01:14:17,892 --> 01:14:21,684
I've had a lot of secrets
in my head for a long time.
1275
01:14:23,102 --> 01:14:27,308
Doesn't matter who I associate with,
I don't talk about those secrets.
1276
01:14:35,059 --> 01:14:36,184
You said in your statement
1277
01:14:37,684 --> 01:14:42,059
that you had to see Jean Tatlock in 1943.
1278
01:14:44,017 --> 01:14:45,026
You left.
1279
01:14:46,850 --> 01:14:47,853
Not a word.
1280
01:14:48,684 --> 01:14:50,267
What did you think that would do to me?
1281
01:14:51,934 --> 01:14:52,934
I wrote.
1282
01:14:53,309 --> 01:14:54,434
Pages of nothing.
1283
01:14:57,892 --> 01:14:58,892
Where did you go?
1284
01:15:01,017 --> 01:15:02,517
I can't tell you.
-Why not?
1285
01:15:02,600 --> 01:15:03,892
Because you're a communist.
1286
01:15:07,142 --> 01:15:08,559
Why did you have to see her?
1287
01:15:09,059 --> 01:15:13,392
She had indicated a great desire
to see me before we left.
1288
01:15:13,517 --> 01:15:17,517
At that time I couldn't,
but I felt that she had to see me.
1289
01:15:18,517 --> 01:15:22,553
She was undergoing psychiatric treatment.
She was extremely unhappy.
1290
01:15:22,915 --> 01:15:25,184
Did you find out why she had to see you?
1291
01:15:30,559 --> 01:15:31,892
Because she was still in love with me.
1292
01:15:39,975 --> 01:15:41,434
You spent the night together, didn't you?
1293
01:15:49,684 --> 01:15:50,682
Yes.
1294
01:15:57,100 --> 01:16:01,934
You drop in and out of my life,
and you don't have to tell me why.
1295
01:16:03,059 --> 01:16:05,755
And that's power.
-Not that I enjoy.
1296
01:16:07,017 --> 01:16:09,392
I'd rather be here for you as you need.
1297
01:16:09,892 --> 01:16:11,850
But you have
other priorities now.
1298
01:16:12,743 --> 01:16:14,434
I have a wife and child.
1299
01:16:15,809 --> 01:16:18,059
That's not what either
of us is talking about.
1300
01:16:21,975 --> 01:16:25,017
Jean... you asked me to come.
1301
01:16:26,559 --> 01:16:27,767
And I'm glad I did.
1302
01:16:29,225 --> 01:16:30,559
But I can't see you again.
1303
01:16:34,100 --> 01:16:35,392
But what if I need you?
1304
01:16:39,684 --> 01:16:41,600
You said you would
always answer.
1305
01:16:44,850 --> 01:16:45,851
Not a word?
1306
01:16:47,350 --> 01:16:49,309
Did you think that
consistent with good security?
1307
01:16:49,517 --> 01:16:50,684
As a matter of fact, it was.
1308
01:16:51,600 --> 01:16:52,602
Not a word.
1309
01:16:53,767 --> 01:16:55,100
When did you see her after that?
1310
01:17:03,934 --> 01:17:05,059
I never saw her again.
1311
01:17:12,059 --> 01:17:14,061
I can make the last
train back to Princeton.
1312
01:17:15,100 --> 01:17:17,767
Kitty, I didn't say anything
that I hadn't already told you.
1313
01:17:17,809 --> 01:17:19,767
Today you said it to history, didn't you?
1314
01:17:19,809 --> 01:17:21,017
This is a closed hearing.
1315
01:17:23,267 --> 01:17:25,725
If they don't release the
transcript, I'm sure you will.
1316
01:17:25,767 --> 01:17:28,142
I was under oath.
-Well, you were under an oath to me
1317
01:17:28,184 --> 01:17:29,309
when you went to see Jean.
1318
01:17:30,934 --> 01:17:31,935
You know, you...
1319
01:17:33,142 --> 01:17:35,767
You sit there, day after day,
1320
01:17:36,725 --> 01:17:38,684
letting them pick our lives to pieces.
1321
01:17:41,600 --> 01:17:42,684
Why won't you fight?
1322
01:17:46,475 --> 01:17:48,892
Robert, I'm not putting her up there.
1323
01:17:55,017 --> 01:17:57,600
Dr. Oppenheimer! This is
an honor. Please, take a seat.
1324
01:17:57,850 --> 01:18:00,732
No need. I just wanted to check
whether I should...
1325
01:18:01,225 --> 01:18:03,645
talk to Lomanitz while I'm here,
given your concerns.
1326
01:18:03,802 --> 01:18:06,568
I'd say that's really up to you,
Professor, but I'd be cautious.
1327
01:18:07,059 --> 01:18:08,059
Understood.
1328
01:18:08,267 --> 01:18:10,684
Oh, and, um, as regards to the union,
1329
01:18:10,725 --> 01:18:14,059
I wanted to give you a heads up
on a man named Eltenton.
1330
01:18:14,309 --> 01:18:15,308
A heads up?
1331
01:18:15,350 --> 01:18:18,725
Yes, just that he might
bear watching, is all.
1332
01:18:20,350 --> 01:18:21,684
I'd love to get more details.
1333
01:18:22,809 --> 01:18:25,142
I have an appointment now,
and I leave early tomorrow.
1334
01:18:25,256 --> 01:18:26,642
Well, come back
as early as you like.
1335
01:18:27,434 --> 01:18:28,475
Since you haven't time now.
1336
01:18:29,892 --> 01:18:33,225
You went back the next morning.
-I did. I had to, really.
1337
01:18:34,684 --> 01:18:35,850
This time there was another man.
1338
01:18:38,059 --> 01:18:41,957
He said his name was Pash.
-Pash. You met Colonel Pash?
1339
01:18:42,100 --> 01:18:46,975
Colonel Pash, could you please read
from your memo dated June 29, 1943?
1340
01:18:49,225 --> 01:18:51,642
"Results of surveillance
conducted on subject
1341
01:18:51,684 --> 01:18:54,392
"indicate further possible
Communist Party connections."
1342
01:18:54,576 --> 01:18:58,142
"Subject met with and spent
considerable time with one Jean Tatlock,
1343
01:18:58,184 --> 01:19:00,392
"a communist, the record
of whom is attached."
1344
01:19:00,434 --> 01:19:02,892
The subject being Dr. Oppenheimer?
-Yes.
1345
01:19:03,142 --> 01:19:06,100
Whom you had not met?
-Not then, but soon after.
1346
01:19:06,274 --> 01:19:08,684
He's the head of security
for the project. Shouldn't I know him?
1347
01:19:08,814 --> 01:19:10,267
No, he should know you.
1348
01:19:11,100 --> 01:19:12,850
I would never put you in a room with Pash.
1349
01:19:12,892 --> 01:19:13,909
Why not?
1350
01:19:14,017 --> 01:19:15,684
When Pash first heard about Lomanitz,
1351
01:19:16,017 --> 01:19:18,619
he told the FBI he was
going to kidnap him,
1352
01:19:19,059 --> 01:19:20,184
take him out on a boat,
1353
01:19:20,725 --> 01:19:23,017
and interrogate him in the Russian manner.
1354
01:19:26,309 --> 01:19:28,475
General Groves has placed
in me a certain responsibility,
1355
01:19:28,517 --> 01:19:32,934
and it's like having a child who
I can't see, by remote control.
1356
01:19:34,309 --> 01:19:35,642
So to actually meet you is...
1357
01:19:37,642 --> 01:19:39,384
I won't take up too much of your time.
-Oh, no.
1358
01:19:39,485 --> 01:19:41,184
Not at all. Whatever time you choose.
1359
01:19:42,517 --> 01:19:44,735
Mr. Johnson told me of the
conversation you had yesterday,
1360
01:19:44,829 --> 01:19:47,392
which I'm very interested in.
It's had me worried all day.
1361
01:19:48,350 --> 01:19:51,725
Yes, well, I didn't want to talk
to Lomanitz without authorization.
1362
01:19:52,017 --> 01:19:53,850
That's not the particular
interest that I have.
1363
01:19:53,892 --> 01:19:55,184
It's something a little bit more...
1364
01:19:57,017 --> 01:19:58,434
In my opinion, more serious.
1365
01:19:58,509 --> 01:19:59,850
And then when the FBI pointed out
1366
01:19:59,892 --> 01:20:02,725
that such information
wouldn't be admissible in court,
1367
01:20:02,767 --> 01:20:04,475
Pash made it clear he had no intention
1368
01:20:04,517 --> 01:20:06,704
of leaving any witness left to prosecute.
1369
01:20:07,059 --> 01:20:10,146
Now, the FBI talked him down,
but that's the man you're dancing with.
1370
01:20:10,434 --> 01:20:12,850
I gather you've heard
there are other parties
1371
01:20:12,892 --> 01:20:14,725
interested in the work
of the radiation lab?
1372
01:20:16,017 --> 01:20:20,142
A man attached to the
Soviet consul indicated,
1373
01:20:20,684 --> 01:20:24,184
through intermediate people,
to people on this project,
1374
01:20:24,267 --> 01:20:27,434
that he was in a position
to transmit information.
1375
01:20:27,642 --> 01:20:29,934
Well, why would anyone
on the project want to do that?
1376
01:20:32,017 --> 01:20:35,475
Frankly, I can see that there might be
an argument for the Commander-in-Chief
1377
01:20:35,517 --> 01:20:38,914
informing the Russians,
they're our allies, after all, but...
1378
01:20:38,977 --> 01:20:41,312
I don't like the idea of it
going out the back door.
1379
01:20:41,684 --> 01:20:43,892
It might not hurt to be
on the lookout for it.
1380
01:20:45,309 --> 01:20:46,559
And you said that to Pash.
1381
01:20:47,100 --> 01:20:50,934
I was trying to put it in the context
of "Russia's not Germany".
1382
01:20:51,528 --> 01:20:55,892
Boris Pash is the son
of a Russian Orthodox bishop.
1383
01:20:55,934 --> 01:21:00,059
Born here, but in 1918 he went back
to Russia to fight the Bolsheviks.
1384
01:21:00,559 --> 01:21:03,059
This is a man who has killed
communists with his own hands.
1385
01:21:03,642 --> 01:21:05,975
I'm not the judge of who should
or should not have information.
1386
01:21:06,517 --> 01:21:08,767
It's my business to stop it
from going through illegally.
1387
01:21:09,225 --> 01:21:10,434
Could you be a little more specific?
1388
01:21:13,725 --> 01:21:18,309
There's a man whose name was mentioned
to me, a couple of times, Eltenton.
1389
01:21:20,059 --> 01:21:22,267
I believe he's a chemist
who works at Shell.
1390
01:21:23,017 --> 01:21:25,892
He talked to a friend of his,
1391
01:21:25,975 --> 01:21:28,642
who's an acquaintance
of someone on the project.
1392
01:21:31,059 --> 01:21:33,017
And you thought Pash
would be satisfied with that?
1393
01:21:33,100 --> 01:21:36,850
I was attempting to give them
Eltenton without opening a can of worms.
1394
01:21:36,892 --> 01:21:38,517
I told them a cock-and-bull story.
1395
01:21:38,850 --> 01:21:41,017
Did you lie to General Groves, too?
-No.
1396
01:21:41,517 --> 01:21:44,017
I admitted to him that I'd lied to Pash.
1397
01:21:44,142 --> 01:21:47,142
Do you recall this conversation
about the Chevalier incident?
1398
01:21:48,017 --> 01:21:49,934
I've seen so many versions of it, uh...
1399
01:21:50,470 --> 01:21:53,142
Wasn't confused before,
but I'm certainly getting there now.
1400
01:21:53,399 --> 01:21:56,225
And what was your conclusion?
-That he was under the influence
1401
01:21:56,267 --> 01:21:59,725
of the typical American
schoolboy attitude
1402
01:21:59,767 --> 01:22:02,934
that there's something wicked
about telling on a friend.
1403
01:22:03,392 --> 01:22:07,184
Well now, might we know through
whom the contact was made?
1404
01:22:08,350 --> 01:22:11,892
That would involve people who
are not to be involved in this.
1405
01:22:12,225 --> 01:22:14,892
Is that someone a member of the project?
1406
01:22:15,608 --> 01:22:18,913
A member of the faculty, yes,
but not in the project, no.
1407
01:22:19,075 --> 01:22:20,075
Ah...
1408
01:22:20,725 --> 01:22:24,934
So Eltenton made his approach through
a member of the faculty here at Berkeley.
1409
01:22:27,225 --> 01:22:29,559
As far as I know, as far as I know, yes.
1410
01:22:29,850 --> 01:22:34,100
But there... may have been...
more than one person involved.
1411
01:22:39,350 --> 01:22:42,059
Gentlemen, if I...
if I seem uncooperative,
1412
01:22:42,100 --> 01:22:44,684
I think you can understand
it's because of my insistence
1413
01:22:44,725 --> 01:22:46,731
on not getting innocent
people into trouble.
1414
01:22:47,517 --> 01:22:50,267
You're trying to protect your
friend. Who's protecting you?
1415
01:22:50,738 --> 01:22:51,728
Well, you could.
1416
01:22:52,238 --> 01:22:54,767
If you gave me the name...
-If you order me to, I'll do it.
1417
01:22:55,009 --> 01:22:57,850
That's a mistake, Robert.
You need to volunteer this name.
1418
01:22:59,517 --> 01:23:00,845
Did he give you the name?
1419
01:23:00,978 --> 01:23:02,392
He did.
-But not then, did he?
1420
01:23:02,559 --> 01:23:03,559
No.
-No, in fact,
1421
01:23:03,600 --> 01:23:04,975
it was some months later, wasn't it?
1422
01:23:05,975 --> 01:23:06,808
It was.
1423
01:23:07,017 --> 01:23:09,184
You see me as persistent.
-Well, you are...
1424
01:23:09,989 --> 01:23:11,559
you are persistent,
but that is your job.
1425
01:23:11,825 --> 01:23:15,083
And, and my job is to protect
the people that work for me.
1426
01:23:15,356 --> 01:23:17,017
Instead of us going
on certain steps,
1427
01:23:17,559 --> 01:23:18,934
which may come to your attention...
1428
01:23:20,850 --> 01:23:22,392
and be disturbing to you,
1429
01:23:23,017 --> 01:23:24,892
I would like to discuss
those with you first.
1430
01:23:25,725 --> 01:23:28,934
I'm not formulating a plan, I'll just
have to digest the whole thing.
1431
01:23:33,892 --> 01:23:36,975
In the months in between your
interview with Dr. Oppenheimer,
1432
01:23:37,017 --> 01:23:41,100
and his eventual naming of Chevalier,
did you expend resources trying to find
1433
01:23:41,142 --> 01:23:44,392
the name of the intermediary?
-Considerable resources, yes.
1434
01:23:45,142 --> 01:23:47,267
Without the name, our job
was extremely difficult.
1435
01:23:47,431 --> 01:23:50,559
And when did you receive the name?
-I was gone by the time Oppenheimer
1436
01:23:50,600 --> 01:23:52,117
finally offered it up.
-Gone?
1437
01:23:52,559 --> 01:23:54,618
They felt my time would
be better spent in Europe,
1438
01:23:54,809 --> 01:23:56,975
determining the status
of the Nazi bomb project.
1439
01:23:57,489 --> 01:23:58,489
Who did?
1440
01:23:59,642 --> 01:24:00,643
General Groves.
1441
01:24:01,642 --> 01:24:02,767
He transferred me to London.
1442
01:24:10,017 --> 01:24:11,809
It's a little early for a Christmas party.
1443
01:24:11,892 --> 01:24:12,892
Something's up.
1444
01:24:13,767 --> 01:24:14,809
Tolman's been away.
1445
01:24:16,142 --> 01:24:17,147
Where?
1446
01:24:17,618 --> 01:24:18,600
Ruth won't tell.
1447
01:24:28,892 --> 01:24:29,934
Come on, Ruthie.
1448
01:24:30,184 --> 01:24:31,850
If you can't tell me, who can you tell?
1449
01:24:32,642 --> 01:24:34,434
Compartmentalization, Oppie.
1450
01:24:35,225 --> 01:24:37,038
What makes you think
I know where he is, anyway?
1451
01:24:37,267 --> 01:24:38,767
Because you do a pretty good job
1452
01:24:38,809 --> 01:24:40,940
of knowing where
Mr. Tolman is when it counts.
1453
01:24:41,934 --> 01:24:42,937
Like now?
1454
01:24:42,975 --> 01:24:46,017
Attention!
1455
01:24:49,278 --> 01:24:50,892
Early Christmas present for you all.
1456
01:24:59,434 --> 01:25:01,684
The British pilot put
me in the bomb bay.
1457
01:25:01,725 --> 01:25:05,100
He showed me the oxygen,
you know, but I messed it up.
1458
01:25:05,363 --> 01:25:08,100
Um, when they opened me up
in Scotland, I was unconscious.
1459
01:25:08,559 --> 01:25:10,517
But I pretended I'd been napping.
1460
01:25:11,517 --> 01:25:12,684
Please enjoy your party.
1461
01:25:14,184 --> 01:25:16,559
Is it big enough?
-To end the war?
1462
01:25:17,574 --> 01:25:19,267
To end all war.
1463
01:25:22,975 --> 01:25:26,475
Uh, Heisenberg sought me out
in Copenhagen.
1464
01:25:27,350 --> 01:25:30,809
It was chilling, my old student
working for the Nazis.
1465
01:25:30,850 --> 01:25:34,392
He told me some
things to draw me out.
1466
01:25:35,350 --> 01:25:38,267
Sustained fission
reactions in uranium.
1467
01:25:38,392 --> 01:25:40,309
That sounds more like
a reactor than a bomb.
1468
01:25:40,684 --> 01:25:42,309
Did he mention
gaseous diffusion?
1469
01:25:42,684 --> 01:25:45,017
He seemed more
focused on heavy water.
1470
01:25:45,350 --> 01:25:47,809
As a moderator?
-Yes, instead of graphite.
1471
01:25:51,309 --> 01:25:52,309
What?
1472
01:25:53,191 --> 01:25:54,225
He took a wrong turn.
1473
01:25:55,142 --> 01:25:56,145
We're ahead.
1474
01:25:56,225 --> 01:25:57,697
And with you here to help us, Niels...
1475
01:25:58,184 --> 01:26:01,475
Sorry, could you give us
a moment, gentlemen?
1476
01:26:08,309 --> 01:26:10,309
I am not here to help, Robert.
1477
01:26:11,017 --> 01:26:12,652
I knew you could do this without me.
1478
01:26:12,934 --> 01:26:15,517
Then why did you come?
-To talk about after.
1479
01:26:15,725 --> 01:26:19,517
The power you're about to
reveal will forever outlive the Nazis.
1480
01:26:20,725 --> 01:26:22,184
And the world is not prepared.
1481
01:26:22,642 --> 01:26:26,059
"You can lift the stone without being
ready for the snake that's revealed."
1482
01:26:26,100 --> 01:26:29,017
We have to make the politicians
understand this isn't a new weapon.
1483
01:26:30,059 --> 01:26:31,141
It's a new world.
1484
01:26:31,946 --> 01:26:34,059
I'll be out there doing
what I can, but you...
1485
01:26:35,059 --> 01:26:37,392
You're an American Prometheus.
1486
01:26:37,746 --> 01:26:41,553
The man who gave them the
power to destroy themselves.
1487
01:26:41,850 --> 01:26:43,350
And they'll respect that.
1488
01:26:43,526 --> 01:26:45,350
Your work really begins.
1489
01:26:50,142 --> 01:26:52,350
I'm sorry, Oppie, but there's a call.
1490
01:26:54,350 --> 01:26:55,517
From San Francisco.
1491
01:27:02,892 --> 01:27:03,894
Robert!
1492
01:27:08,434 --> 01:27:09,418
Robert?
1493
01:27:10,100 --> 01:27:11,104
Robert.
1494
01:27:11,559 --> 01:27:12,559
Robert.
1495
01:27:12,642 --> 01:27:13,767
God, what's the matter?
1496
01:27:14,434 --> 01:27:15,435
What happened?
1497
01:27:17,225 --> 01:27:18,267
Her father called.
1498
01:27:19,309 --> 01:27:20,892
He found her yesterday in the bath.
1499
01:27:22,642 --> 01:27:23,645
Who?
1500
01:27:24,975 --> 01:27:27,725
She's taken pills.
Left a note, not signed.
1501
01:27:29,642 --> 01:27:32,350
She took barbiturates, but there
was chloral hydrate in her blood.
1502
01:27:36,309 --> 01:27:37,309
There was a note.
1503
01:27:37,975 --> 01:27:39,017
Jean Tatlock?
1504
01:27:46,142 --> 01:27:47,143
We were together.
1505
01:27:47,982 --> 01:27:49,309
She said she needed me. I...
1506
01:27:52,309 --> 01:27:53,310
I told her I...
1507
01:27:53,809 --> 01:27:54,810
I wouldn't...
1508
01:27:55,225 --> 01:27:56,227
I told her I...
1509
01:27:57,267 --> 01:27:58,517
No, it was me, it was me.
1510
01:28:01,734 --> 01:28:03,559
You don't get to commit the sin
1511
01:28:03,781 --> 01:28:06,913
and then have us all feel sorry
for you that it had consequences.
1512
01:28:10,309 --> 01:28:12,309
Now you pull yourself together.
1513
01:28:16,434 --> 01:28:18,017
You know, people here depend on you.
1514
01:28:21,059 --> 01:28:22,892
Donald, would you like
to contribute here?
1515
01:28:22,934 --> 01:28:24,017
Please, help me out.
-You're on your own, pal.
1516
01:28:24,059 --> 01:28:26,909
Bob, I'm not quitting my job
because plutonium is radioactive.
1517
01:28:26,979 --> 01:28:29,142
We just don't know what it might do
1518
01:28:29,184 --> 01:28:31,475
to the female reproductive system.
-Your reproductive system
1519
01:28:31,517 --> 01:28:34,059
is more exposed than mine, presumably.
-Can we please?
1520
01:28:34,434 --> 01:28:37,642
The implosion device is nowhere.
-We can't rush everything. Oppie, please.
1521
01:28:37,684 --> 01:28:40,225
Well, there's rushing and there's
getting on with it, so pick one.
1522
01:28:40,267 --> 01:28:41,934
Wait, wait, wait.
Neddermeyer is doing his job.
1523
01:28:42,309 --> 01:28:44,892
Teller's not helping.
You're not helping.
1524
01:28:44,934 --> 01:28:47,767
I've been asking for calculations
on the implosion lenses for weeks.
1525
01:28:47,809 --> 01:28:49,934
The British can do it. Fuchs.
-Absolutely.
1526
01:28:50,267 --> 01:28:53,392
It's your job, Teller.
-I'm engaged in research.
1527
01:28:53,517 --> 01:28:55,632
On a hydrogen bomb
we're not even building!
1528
01:29:04,642 --> 01:29:05,892
I won't work with that man.
1529
01:29:06,100 --> 01:29:08,267
Oh. Let him go.
1530
01:29:08,934 --> 01:29:10,559
He's a prima donna!
-I agree.
1531
01:29:11,100 --> 01:29:12,267
He should leave Los Alamos.
-Okay.
1532
01:29:13,494 --> 01:29:16,642
Kisti, you replace Neddermeyer.
Seth, I'm putting you on plutonium.
1533
01:29:16,684 --> 01:29:19,975
Lilli, you go on for Kisti,
because he needs you.
1534
01:29:20,309 --> 01:29:21,934
Fuchs, you take Teller's role.
1535
01:29:21,975 --> 01:29:24,058
I'm putting you exclusively
on the implosion device.
1536
01:29:24,642 --> 01:29:28,184
And no one is leaving Los Alamos.
1537
01:29:42,975 --> 01:29:46,017
They won't let me leave!
-No, I won't let you leave.
1538
01:29:47,934 --> 01:29:50,059
Forget Hans, forget fission.
1539
01:29:50,819 --> 01:29:52,934
Stay here, research what you want.
1540
01:29:53,725 --> 01:29:55,767
Fusion, the hydrogen bomb, whatever.
1541
01:29:56,059 --> 01:29:58,642
We'll meet to discuss it.
-You don't have time to meet.
1542
01:29:59,100 --> 01:30:02,559
You're a politician now, Robert. You've
left physics behind many, many years ago.
1543
01:30:04,184 --> 01:30:05,179
Once a week.
1544
01:30:05,892 --> 01:30:07,184
One hour, you and me.
1545
01:30:13,642 --> 01:30:15,142
Now raise this fucking barrier!
1546
01:30:20,225 --> 01:30:23,392
So the Super was under development
on your watch at Los Alamos?
1547
01:30:24,059 --> 01:30:25,048
Yes.
1548
01:30:25,475 --> 01:30:28,892
And yet, after the war,
you tried to deny it was viable.
1549
01:30:29,059 --> 01:30:32,184
No, no, no. I pointed out
technical difficulties with it.
1550
01:30:32,350 --> 01:30:33,975
Didn't you try to kill it
at the AEC meeting
1551
01:30:34,017 --> 01:30:35,559
after the Russian bomb test?
-No.
1552
01:30:35,767 --> 01:30:38,600
But that was the recommendation
of the AEC, was it not?
1553
01:30:38,934 --> 01:30:41,684
After hours of discussion
about the best response.
1554
01:30:42,225 --> 01:30:47,184
An H-bomb is 1,000 times
the power of an A-bomb.
1555
01:30:48,350 --> 01:30:51,559
Its only intended target
would be the largest cities.
1556
01:30:52,434 --> 01:30:54,392
It's a weapon of mass genocide.
-Izzy.
1557
01:30:54,600 --> 01:30:56,684
Draw some circles on
this side of the map,
1558
01:30:57,100 --> 01:30:59,475
where they would target us,
starting with New York.
1559
01:30:59,517 --> 01:31:00,559
That's fair.
-D.C.
1560
01:31:00,725 --> 01:31:03,309
It's a weapon of attack
with no defensive value.
1561
01:31:03,642 --> 01:31:04,998
Deterrence.
-Deterrence?
1562
01:31:05,017 --> 01:31:08,850
Do we really need more deterrence
than our current arsenal of atomic bombs?
1563
01:31:08,934 --> 01:31:13,142
You, you drown in ten feet of water
or 10,000, what's the difference?
1564
01:31:13,392 --> 01:31:15,475
We can already drown Russia.
They know it...
1565
01:31:15,517 --> 01:31:17,559
Now they can drown us with...
-We're just escalating...
1566
01:31:28,892 --> 01:31:33,642
As I said, Teller's designs are still as
impractical as they were during the war.
1567
01:31:33,725 --> 01:31:36,475
A hydrogen bomb can be made
to work, Oppie. You know that.
1568
01:31:36,517 --> 01:31:39,475
I don't believe we should commit
all our resources to that chance.
1569
01:31:39,517 --> 01:31:42,600
Then how would you have Truman
reassure the American people?
1570
01:31:42,642 --> 01:31:44,892
Simply by limiting the spread
of atomic weapons
1571
01:31:44,934 --> 01:31:47,142
through international control
on nuclear energy.
1572
01:31:48,059 --> 01:31:49,809
By which you mean world government.
1573
01:31:50,017 --> 01:31:52,517
The United Nations, as Roosevelt intended.
1574
01:31:52,684 --> 01:31:56,475
Well, I asked what Truman should do,
right? The world's changed.
1575
01:31:56,517 --> 01:32:00,100
It's not fascism but communism
that now threatens our survival.
1576
01:32:00,392 --> 01:32:03,725
Lewis, do you understand,
if we build a hydrogen bomb,
1577
01:32:03,850 --> 01:32:06,225
the Russians will have no choice
but to build their own?
1578
01:32:06,309 --> 01:32:07,767
Could they be working on one already?
1579
01:32:08,121 --> 01:32:10,892
Based on information gathered
from the spy at Los Alamos...
1580
01:32:10,934 --> 01:32:12,475
No spy at Los Alamos.
-Gentlemen...
1581
01:32:12,517 --> 01:32:14,475
There wasn't?
-Let's not get sidetracked.
1582
01:32:15,350 --> 01:32:17,938
I say we use this moment to gain
concessions from the Russians
1583
01:32:17,962 --> 01:32:21,100
by committing that we will not
build a hydrogen bomb.
1584
01:32:21,184 --> 01:32:22,850
Thereby revealing its existence.
1585
01:32:22,892 --> 01:32:24,818
Which you seem convinced
they already know.
1586
01:32:25,059 --> 01:32:26,070
Alright.
1587
01:32:26,225 --> 01:32:29,892
At this point, I'd like the committee
members to meet in privacy
1588
01:32:29,934 --> 01:32:31,994
to finalize our recommendations.
1589
01:32:33,600 --> 01:32:35,684
I'm just not sure you
want to go down this route.
1590
01:32:35,725 --> 01:32:37,875
Lewis, with respect, we are
the advisory committee.
1591
01:32:37,899 --> 01:32:39,184
We will give them our advice.
1592
01:32:39,892 --> 01:32:40,903
Good night.
1593
01:32:45,059 --> 01:32:46,892
Dr. Oppenheimer? Hi.
1594
01:32:47,684 --> 01:32:50,575
William Borden.
Joint Committee on Atomic Energy.
1595
01:32:50,619 --> 01:32:51,661
Oh, yes, yes.
1596
01:32:51,963 --> 01:32:53,225
During the war, I was a pilot.
1597
01:32:54,809 --> 01:32:59,348
One night, flying back from a raid,
I saw an amazing sight.
1598
01:32:59,392 --> 01:33:02,809
Like a meteor.
A V2 rocket headed to England.
1599
01:33:03,975 --> 01:33:05,938
I can't help but imagine
what it will be
1600
01:33:05,962 --> 01:33:09,934
for such an enemy rocket
to carry an atomic warhead.
1601
01:33:19,309 --> 01:33:21,225
Let's make sure we're not
the ones to make that possible.
1602
01:33:28,017 --> 01:33:30,225
Oppie, I don't think you
want to go up against Strauss.
1603
01:33:31,059 --> 01:33:33,100
If we both speak, they listen to me.
1604
01:33:33,767 --> 01:33:37,517
When you speak, they hear a prophet.
When Strauss speaks, they hear themselves.
1605
01:33:37,793 --> 01:33:38,892
They'll listen to a prophet.
1606
01:33:39,767 --> 01:33:42,475
A prophet can't be wrong. Not once.
1607
01:33:42,975 --> 01:33:46,106
Did you accuse Oppenheimer of sabotaging
the development of the Super?
1608
01:33:46,392 --> 01:33:50,354
I was never one of those
to bandy around terms like sabotage.
1609
01:33:50,975 --> 01:33:54,309
But Mr. Borden was?
-As I understand it, possibly.
1610
01:33:54,600 --> 01:33:58,225
How was Mr. Borden able to put
together such a detailed indictment?
1611
01:33:58,267 --> 01:34:00,934
He was no longer a government employee,
yet he appears to have had
1612
01:34:01,004 --> 01:34:03,730
unlimited access
to Dr. Oppenheimer's file.
1613
01:34:04,017 --> 01:34:06,475
Might Mr. Nichols have
given him access to the file?
1614
01:34:06,642 --> 01:34:08,934
Or someone else at the AEC?
1615
01:34:09,142 --> 01:34:11,017
That's a very serious accusation, Senator.
1616
01:34:11,767 --> 01:34:13,059
Is it your intention to suggest
1617
01:34:13,100 --> 01:34:15,809
that Dr. Oppenheimer is disloyal
to the United States?
1618
01:34:16,600 --> 01:34:20,434
I've always assumed, and still assume,
that he's loyal to the United States.
1619
01:34:21,267 --> 01:34:23,008
I believe this, and I shall believe it,
1620
01:34:23,032 --> 01:34:25,267
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
1621
01:34:25,809 --> 01:34:29,580
Do you or do you not believe that
Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk?
1622
01:34:38,850 --> 01:34:41,809
If I may, look, when Hitler blew
his brains out in that bunker,
1623
01:34:41,850 --> 01:34:44,184
it is my humble opinion
that there is no need
1624
01:34:44,267 --> 01:34:46,684
for that bomb to be seen
anywhere except that test site.
1625
01:34:48,017 --> 01:34:49,975
Well, we at least have to
take a moment to think about
1626
01:34:50,017 --> 01:34:53,142
whether the means justify
the ends any longer because...
1627
01:34:56,225 --> 01:34:58,350
Germany is about to surrender.
1628
01:35:00,475 --> 01:35:04,600
It's no longer the enemy who are
the greatest threat to mankind.
1629
01:35:04,642 --> 01:35:05,668
It's our work.
1630
01:35:08,184 --> 01:35:10,392
Hitler's dead. It's true.
1631
01:35:12,559 --> 01:35:13,725
But the Japanese fight on.
1632
01:35:14,350 --> 01:35:15,767
Their defeat seems assured.
1633
01:35:16,241 --> 01:35:18,267
Not if you're a G.I. preparing to invade.
1634
01:35:20,100 --> 01:35:21,184
We can end this war.
1635
01:35:21,355 --> 01:35:24,392
But how do we justify using
this weapon on human beings?
1636
01:35:27,975 --> 01:35:29,100
We're theorists.
1637
01:35:30,142 --> 01:35:31,152
Yes?
1638
01:35:32,225 --> 01:35:36,600
We imagine a future,
and our imaginings horrify us.
1639
01:35:37,642 --> 01:35:39,934
They won't fear it until
they understand it,
1640
01:35:40,017 --> 01:35:42,392
and they won't understand
it until they've used it.
1641
01:35:42,850 --> 01:35:46,142
When the world learns
the terrible secret of Los Alamos,
1642
01:35:46,767 --> 01:35:50,184
our work here will ensure a
peace mankind has never seen.
1643
01:35:50,350 --> 01:35:53,392
A peace based on the kind
of international cooperation
1644
01:35:53,434 --> 01:35:55,350
that Roosevelt always envisaged.
1645
01:36:00,725 --> 01:36:03,517
Progress?
-Two years and a billion dollars' worth.
1646
01:36:04,897 --> 01:36:07,892
Hard to put a price on it.
-Not really, just add up the bills.
1647
01:36:07,934 --> 01:36:11,725
Rural free deliveries.
80 babies delivered the first year.
1648
01:36:12,434 --> 01:36:14,225
This year we've had ten, a month.
1649
01:36:15,017 --> 01:36:17,434
Birth control is a little
out of my jurisdiction, General.
1650
01:36:18,600 --> 01:36:19,684
Clearly.
-General.
1651
01:36:25,559 --> 01:36:28,475
Head down, everybody.
Fuchs, head down.
1652
01:36:36,184 --> 01:36:37,185
That's the one!
1653
01:36:37,642 --> 01:36:38,767
Two viable bombs.
1654
01:36:39,236 --> 01:36:40,227
I need a date.
1655
01:36:43,100 --> 01:36:44,100
September.
1656
01:36:44,381 --> 01:36:45,381
July.
1657
01:36:45,756 --> 01:36:47,225
That's the sweet spot, gentlemen.
1658
01:36:48,142 --> 01:36:49,142
August.
1659
01:36:49,754 --> 01:36:50,764
July.
1660
01:36:51,434 --> 01:36:52,475
Tests in July.
1661
01:36:53,392 --> 01:36:54,434
But I need my brother.
1662
01:36:58,934 --> 01:37:01,309
Frank knows the desert.
He's left politics behind.
1663
01:37:01,350 --> 01:37:03,143
He's been working with
Lawrence for two years now.
1664
01:37:10,725 --> 01:37:11,767
What do we call the test?
1665
01:37:13,915 --> 01:37:14,933
"Batter my heart,
1666
01:37:15,725 --> 01:37:16,809
"three-person'd God."
1667
01:37:17,370 --> 01:37:18,392
What?
1668
01:37:20,059 --> 01:37:21,061
Trinity.
1669
01:37:29,059 --> 01:37:32,475
You insisted on bringing on your
brother Frank, a known communist.
1670
01:37:32,517 --> 01:37:33,518
Former communist.
1671
01:37:34,215 --> 01:37:35,850
You brought a known former communist...
1672
01:37:36,684 --> 01:37:39,975
onto America's most secret
and important defense project.
1673
01:37:40,059 --> 01:37:42,767
I knew my brother could
be trusted. Absolutely.
1674
01:37:43,350 --> 01:37:46,309
And you thought your judgment was sound
on who on the team could be trusted?
1675
01:37:47,225 --> 01:37:48,225
Fuchs, head down.
1676
01:37:48,892 --> 01:37:50,142
Okay. Everybody ready?
1677
01:38:00,142 --> 01:38:02,517
I hope you learned something.
-Yeah, we've learned we're gonna need
1678
01:38:02,559 --> 01:38:04,975
to be a lot further away.
-Well, figure it out, fast.
1679
01:38:05,267 --> 01:38:07,559
We leave for Washington in the morning.
We're going to give him a date.
1680
01:38:23,475 --> 01:38:25,267
You're a long way from Chicago, Leo.
1681
01:38:25,350 --> 01:38:28,184
If we don't act now, they're going
to use this thing against Japan.
1682
01:38:28,705 --> 01:38:30,975
We booked a meeting with Truman,
but somebody killed it.
1683
01:38:31,934 --> 01:38:33,809
You're meeting the Secretary of War.
1684
01:38:34,142 --> 01:38:37,642
Just because we're building it, doesn't
mean we get to decide how it's used.
1685
01:38:38,600 --> 01:38:40,059
History will judge us, Robert.
1686
01:38:41,517 --> 01:38:43,142
In Chicago, we put together a petition.
1687
01:38:44,225 --> 01:38:45,725
I'm not... I'm not
getting into this.
1688
01:38:51,184 --> 01:38:52,850
Just tell me your concerns,
and I'll relate them.
1689
01:38:52,920 --> 01:38:55,569
My concerns? Germany's defeated.
1690
01:38:56,142 --> 01:38:57,559
Japan's not going to hold out alone.
1691
01:38:57,600 --> 01:38:59,772
How could you know that?
You got us into this.
1692
01:39:00,142 --> 01:39:03,100
You and Einstein, with your letter to
Roosevelt saying we could build a bomb.
1693
01:39:03,142 --> 01:39:04,267
Against Germany.
1694
01:39:04,309 --> 01:39:06,865
That's not how weapons
manufacture works, Szilard.
1695
01:39:07,267 --> 01:39:08,600
Oppie, you have to help.
1696
01:39:08,642 --> 01:39:10,365
Fermi's in the meeting.
Lawrence is in the meeting.
1697
01:39:10,412 --> 01:39:13,225
They're not you. You're
the great salesman of science.
1698
01:39:13,684 --> 01:39:15,559
You can convince anyone of anything.
1699
01:39:17,142 --> 01:39:18,143
Even yourself.
1700
01:39:19,059 --> 01:39:20,064
Excuse me.
1701
01:39:21,267 --> 01:39:25,642
The firestorm in Tokyo killed
100,000 people, mostly civilians.
1702
01:39:27,309 --> 01:39:30,309
I worry about America when we
do these things and no one protests.
1703
01:39:30,767 --> 01:39:33,809
Pearl Harbor, and three years
of brutal conflict in the Pacific,
1704
01:39:34,080 --> 01:39:36,392
buys a lot of latitude
with the American public.
1705
01:39:36,963 --> 01:39:38,517
Enough to unleash the atomic bomb?
1706
01:39:38,761 --> 01:39:42,142
Uh, the A-bomb might not cause as much
damage as the Tokyo bombings.
1707
01:39:42,559 --> 01:39:43,550
What are we estimating?
1708
01:39:43,898 --> 01:39:45,767
In a medium-sized city, uh...
1709
01:39:46,475 --> 01:39:48,634
20,000 or 30,000 dead.
1710
01:39:48,725 --> 01:39:50,809
Yes, but don't underestimate
1711
01:39:50,850 --> 01:39:54,400
the psychological impact
of an atomic explosion.
1712
01:39:55,017 --> 01:39:57,975
A pillar of fire, 10,000 feet tall,
1713
01:39:58,892 --> 01:40:00,767
deadly neutron effects for a mile,
1714
01:40:00,934 --> 01:40:04,642
in all directions, from one single device.
1715
01:40:05,059 --> 01:40:08,475
Dropped from a barely-noticed B-29,
the atomic bomb will be...
1716
01:40:09,767 --> 01:40:12,267
a terrible revelation of divine power.
1717
01:40:13,059 --> 01:40:15,350
If that's true, it would be definitive.
1718
01:40:15,850 --> 01:40:17,225
World War II would be over.
1719
01:40:17,892 --> 01:40:18,934
Our boys would come home.
1720
01:40:19,650 --> 01:40:20,643
Military targets?
1721
01:40:21,892 --> 01:40:23,600
But there aren't any big enough.
1722
01:40:24,017 --> 01:40:27,017
Perhaps a vital war plant,
1723
01:40:27,059 --> 01:40:29,684
with workers housed nearby.
1724
01:40:29,725 --> 01:40:32,600
And we could issue a warning
to reduce civilian casualties.
1725
01:40:32,850 --> 01:40:34,934
They'd send everything
they have up against us,
1726
01:40:34,975 --> 01:40:36,684
and I'd be up in that plane.
1727
01:40:37,068 --> 01:40:39,600
If we announce it,
and it fails to go off,
1728
01:40:40,084 --> 01:40:42,559
we'd scupper any chance
of a Japanese surrender.
1729
01:40:43,017 --> 01:40:47,142
Is there no way to demonstrate
a bomb to Japan to provoke surrender?
1730
01:40:47,254 --> 01:40:50,225
We intend to demonstrate it in
the most unambiguous terms.
1731
01:40:50,662 --> 01:40:51,662
Twice.
1732
01:40:51,717 --> 01:40:53,569
Once to show the weapon's power,
1733
01:40:53,639 --> 01:40:56,892
and a second to show that we can
keep doing this until they surrender.
1734
01:40:57,434 --> 01:40:59,767
We have a list of
12 cities to choose from.
1735
01:41:00,634 --> 01:41:01,642
Sorry, 11.
1736
01:41:02,634 --> 01:41:04,559
I've taken Kyoto off the list,
1737
01:41:04,600 --> 01:41:07,059
due to its cultural significance
to the Japanese people.
1738
01:41:08,225 --> 01:41:10,184
Also, my wife and I honeymooned there.
1739
01:41:11,184 --> 01:41:12,309
It's a magnificent city.
1740
01:41:16,350 --> 01:41:17,725
Let me make this
simple for you, gentlemen.
1741
01:41:17,767 --> 01:41:20,309
According to my intelligence,
which I cannot share with you,
1742
01:41:20,350 --> 01:41:22,184
the Japanese people will not surrender,
1743
01:41:22,767 --> 01:41:24,184
under any circumstances,
1744
01:41:24,475 --> 01:41:27,600
short of a successful and total
invasion of the home islands.
1745
01:41:28,392 --> 01:41:30,767
Many lives would be lost,
American and Japanese.
1746
01:41:31,559 --> 01:41:34,934
The use of the atomic bomb
on Japanese cities will save lives.
1747
01:41:35,350 --> 01:41:37,184
If we retain moral advantage.
1748
01:41:38,225 --> 01:41:39,934
How so?
-Well, if we use this weapon
1749
01:41:39,975 --> 01:41:42,350
without informing our allies,
they'll see it as a threat,
1750
01:41:42,392 --> 01:41:43,725
and we'll be in an arms race.
1751
01:41:44,100 --> 01:41:45,892
How open can we
be with the Soviets?
1752
01:41:46,184 --> 01:41:50,100
Secrecy won't stop the Soviets from
becoming part of the atomic world.
1753
01:41:50,350 --> 01:41:53,684
We've been told they have no uranium.
-You've been misinformed.
1754
01:41:53,725 --> 01:41:55,434
A Russian bomb is a matter of time.
1755
01:41:55,475 --> 01:41:58,475
The program needs to
continue at full pace after the war.
1756
01:41:59,742 --> 01:42:01,434
Secretary Simpson, if I may,
1757
01:42:01,642 --> 01:42:05,600
not all scientists on the
project are in agreement.
1758
01:42:05,642 --> 01:42:08,309
In fact, this might be a moment
to consider other opinions.
1759
01:42:08,892 --> 01:42:11,184
If you talk to scientists...
-The Manhattan Project has been plagued
1760
01:42:11,225 --> 01:42:14,057
from the start by certain scientists of...
1761
01:42:14,267 --> 01:42:17,017
doubtful discretion,
and uncertain loyalty.
1762
01:42:17,142 --> 01:42:18,892
One of 'em just tried to
meet with the President.
1763
01:42:19,184 --> 01:42:20,517
Now, we need these men,
1764
01:42:20,934 --> 01:42:22,309
but as soon as it's practical,
1765
01:42:22,350 --> 01:42:24,684
we should sever any such
scientists from the program.
1766
01:42:24,725 --> 01:42:25,767
Wouldn't you agree, Doctor?
1767
01:42:27,517 --> 01:42:29,309
If a Russian bomb is inevitable,
1768
01:42:30,059 --> 01:42:32,975
perhaps we should invite
their top scientist to Trinity.
1769
01:42:33,017 --> 01:42:36,392
President Truman has no intention
of raising expectations
1770
01:42:36,684 --> 01:42:39,142
that Stalin be included
in the atomic project.
1771
01:42:39,600 --> 01:42:40,975
Informing him of our breakthrough,
1772
01:42:41,000 --> 01:42:42,975
and presenting it as
a means to win the war,
1773
01:42:43,000 --> 01:42:44,725
need not make
unkeepable promises.
1774
01:42:45,041 --> 01:42:46,934
But, the Potsdam Peace Conference in July
1775
01:42:46,975 --> 01:42:50,100
will be President Truman's last
chance to have that conversation.
1776
01:42:51,392 --> 01:42:52,975
Can you give us a working bomb by then?
1777
01:42:54,309 --> 01:42:55,310
Absolutely.
1778
01:42:55,400 --> 01:42:57,100
We will test fire before the conference.
1779
01:43:02,350 --> 01:43:04,934
Ground zero. Observation posts
1780
01:43:04,975 --> 01:43:08,725
at 10,000 yards, north, south, and west.
1781
01:43:08,767 --> 01:43:11,225
Where do we trigger from?
-South, 10,000.
1782
01:43:12,017 --> 01:43:15,142
And base camp is ten miles south here.
1783
01:43:15,392 --> 01:43:20,517
And there's a further observation
post on that hill, 20 miles away.
1784
01:43:20,850 --> 01:43:23,115
What's that, Frank?
Trigger lines already went in.
1785
01:43:23,517 --> 01:43:27,142
The Air Force requested
a line of lights for their B-29.
1786
01:43:27,267 --> 01:43:29,248
What B-29? Our bomb's on the tower.
1787
01:43:29,684 --> 01:43:30,934
They want to use the test
1788
01:43:30,975 --> 01:43:33,309
to confirm a safe operating distance.
-That's risky.
1789
01:43:33,642 --> 01:43:35,350
But not as risky as
dropping one over Japan,
1790
01:43:35,392 --> 01:43:37,309
and hoping that we were
right about the blast radius.
1791
01:43:37,517 --> 01:43:39,809
Don't let 'em slow us down,
we're firing on the 15th.
1792
01:43:39,850 --> 01:43:42,267
The 15th? That's not...
-The 15th.
1793
01:43:43,883 --> 01:43:44,883
15th.
1794
01:43:46,225 --> 01:43:48,291
So I'll be here at
South Observation Point
1795
01:43:48,315 --> 01:43:50,059
with Frank and Kistiakowsky.
1796
01:43:50,850 --> 01:43:53,309
You'll all be assigned to Base Camp,
1797
01:43:53,517 --> 01:43:55,934
West Observation, or Far Observation.
1798
01:44:06,142 --> 01:44:08,059
Hey, whoa, whoa! Careful with that knife.
1799
01:44:11,309 --> 01:44:12,725
Are those safe distances?
1800
01:44:13,505 --> 01:44:14,975
They're based on
your calculations.
1801
01:44:15,225 --> 01:44:18,059
Time to stand behind
your science, Hans. Literally.
1802
01:44:48,017 --> 01:44:49,475
What about the radiation cloud?
1803
01:44:49,892 --> 01:44:52,767
Without high winds,
it should settle within 2-3 miles.
1804
01:44:52,809 --> 01:44:54,434
Evacuation measures are in place.
1805
01:44:55,184 --> 01:44:57,892
But we need good weather
for visibility, so it has to be fine.
1806
01:44:59,642 --> 01:45:00,644
Everybody out!
1807
01:45:11,059 --> 01:45:13,890
We go on the night of the 15th.
It's a hard deadline.
1808
01:45:14,100 --> 01:45:16,517
So if anyone has anything, speak now.
1809
01:45:18,255 --> 01:45:20,725
Okay, stop, stop!
Everybody, mattresses.
1810
01:45:21,184 --> 01:45:22,892
Put the mattress there, underneath.
1811
01:45:40,142 --> 01:45:42,267
We could use a final implosion test.
1812
01:45:44,725 --> 01:45:46,850
It couldn't hurt.
-Do it.
1813
01:45:48,491 --> 01:45:50,225
Is there anything else that might stop us?
1814
01:46:25,297 --> 01:46:26,351
It's happening, isn't it?
1815
01:46:29,100 --> 01:46:30,146
I'll send a message.
1816
01:46:31,267 --> 01:46:32,517
If it's gone our way:
1817
01:46:34,309 --> 01:46:35,310
"Take in the sheets."
1818
01:46:39,684 --> 01:46:40,685
Robert.
1819
01:46:43,684 --> 01:46:44,685
Break a leg.
1820
01:46:58,059 --> 01:46:59,062
Look.
1821
01:47:51,350 --> 01:47:54,267
Oppie's taken a very
modest three kilotons.
1822
01:47:54,559 --> 01:47:56,725
Teller's view is 45.
-20!
1823
01:47:56,892 --> 01:47:59,184
20,000 tons of TNT.
1824
01:47:59,225 --> 01:48:02,434
And does anyone want the side action
on atmospheric ignition?
1825
01:48:05,184 --> 01:48:06,517
Are you saying we'll have to delay?
1826
01:48:07,017 --> 01:48:08,309
I'm saying it would be prudent.
1827
01:48:08,350 --> 01:48:09,642
This weather, has it reached the site?
1828
01:48:15,595 --> 01:48:17,850
Bethe is calling to tell you
the implosion test failed.
1829
01:48:17,892 --> 01:48:19,809
Hello, Hans? Yes, he's here.
1830
01:48:21,392 --> 01:48:22,399
Yes.
1831
01:48:25,100 --> 01:48:26,100
Is he wrong?
1832
01:48:26,300 --> 01:48:27,300
No.
-No?
1833
01:48:27,753 --> 01:48:28,738
No.
1834
01:48:29,460 --> 01:48:30,642
So we're about to fire a dud?
1835
01:48:31,540 --> 01:48:32,809
No.
-Explain!
1836
01:48:33,098 --> 01:48:34,392
Well, I can't. I just, I...
1837
01:48:34,570 --> 01:48:37,109
I just know, I know the
implosion lenses will work.
1838
01:48:37,142 --> 01:48:39,725
If we fire these detonators
and they don't trigger a reaction,
1839
01:48:39,767 --> 01:48:43,017
two years' worth of plutonium will
be scattered across White Sands.
1840
01:48:43,184 --> 01:48:45,892
A month of my salary against
ten bucks says it lights.
1841
01:48:47,017 --> 01:48:48,017
Oh, Jesus!
1842
01:48:54,975 --> 01:48:58,181
The wind's pickin' up at zero,
not the rain. Lightning's circling.
1843
01:48:58,456 --> 01:49:00,769
Think it might be time to
tell your men to get away
1844
01:49:00,793 --> 01:49:02,809
from the steel tower
with the atomic bomb?
1845
01:49:06,559 --> 01:49:08,070
Let's get to South Observation.
1846
01:49:08,148 --> 01:49:10,142
Pull 'em out, and we can
make our determination there.
1847
01:49:16,225 --> 01:49:18,100
The team hasn't slept in two nights!
1848
01:49:18,517 --> 01:49:21,767
If we stand down and make the bomb
safe, we won't be back here for weeks!
1849
01:49:21,841 --> 01:49:23,100
And we'll miss Potsdam!
1850
01:49:23,475 --> 01:49:26,642
I gotta get word to Truman
by seven, our window's closing.
1851
01:49:26,731 --> 01:49:29,017
What is this doing?
-Raining, blowing, lightning.
1852
01:49:29,059 --> 01:49:31,161
For how long, damnit?
-Holdin' strong!
1853
01:49:31,255 --> 01:49:32,517
It'll break before dawn.
1854
01:49:32,892 --> 01:49:34,475
How could you know that?
-I know this desert.
1855
01:49:34,517 --> 01:49:37,184
Storm cools overnight.
Just before dawn, storm breaks.
1856
01:49:37,475 --> 01:49:38,489
You could be right,
1857
01:49:38,513 --> 01:49:40,731
but schedule as late as possible.
-Five-thirty.
1858
01:49:41,475 --> 01:49:43,975
Sign your forecast.
If you're wrong, I'll hang you.
1859
01:49:44,100 --> 01:49:47,059
Tell 'em all. Five-thirty.
-Five-thirty, five-thirty!
1860
01:49:49,850 --> 01:49:54,559
Three years, 4,000 people,
two billion dollars.
1861
01:49:54,809 --> 01:49:56,225
Well, if it doesn't go off,
1862
01:49:57,309 --> 01:49:58,350
we're both finished.
1863
01:50:01,392 --> 01:50:03,059
I'm betting on three kilotons.
1864
01:50:04,267 --> 01:50:05,934
Anything less, they won't get what it is.
1865
01:50:06,892 --> 01:50:10,385
Now, what did Fermi mean by,
uh, atmospheric ignition?
1866
01:50:10,600 --> 01:50:13,017
Well, we had a moment where
it looked like the chain reaction
1867
01:50:13,059 --> 01:50:15,350
from an atomic device might never stop.
1868
01:50:16,600 --> 01:50:18,025
Setting fire to the atmosphere.
1869
01:50:18,475 --> 01:50:21,017
Why's Fermi still taking side bets on it?
1870
01:50:21,809 --> 01:50:23,361
Call it gallows humor.
1871
01:50:26,392 --> 01:50:30,886
Wait, are we saying there's a chance
that when we push that button,
1872
01:50:31,392 --> 01:50:32,559
we destroy the world?
1873
01:50:32,809 --> 01:50:35,642
Nothing in our research over
three years supports that conclusion,
1874
01:50:36,475 --> 01:50:39,225
except as the most remote possibility.
1875
01:50:40,184 --> 01:50:42,267
How remote?
-Chances are near-zero.
1876
01:50:43,850 --> 01:50:44,851
Near-zero?
1877
01:50:46,100 --> 01:50:47,600
What do you want from theory alone?
1878
01:50:50,184 --> 01:50:51,934
Zero would be nice.
1879
01:50:55,559 --> 01:50:58,142
In exactly one hour...
1880
01:50:58,517 --> 01:51:01,309
and 58 minutes, we'll know.
1881
01:51:08,267 --> 01:51:09,268
It's letting up.
1882
01:51:22,350 --> 01:51:24,517
The arming party's left zero,
they're heading this way.
1883
01:51:24,559 --> 01:51:25,559
Throw on your switches.
1884
01:51:25,767 --> 01:51:28,475
Turn the cars! Ready
for emergency evacuation.
1885
01:51:47,100 --> 01:51:49,475
...welder's glass.
Everybody take their places.
1886
01:51:50,350 --> 01:51:52,142
Everybody take a welder's glass!
1887
01:51:54,017 --> 01:51:55,559
Everybody take a welder's glass!
1888
01:52:47,267 --> 01:52:48,270
20 minutes.
1889
01:52:52,600 --> 01:52:53,601
20 minutes!
1890
01:53:04,934 --> 01:53:05,934
That's 20!
1891
01:53:09,642 --> 01:53:10,642
On the leg, please.
1892
01:53:12,275 --> 01:53:13,850
Feynman?
-No.
1893
01:53:14,767 --> 01:53:16,725
The glass stops the UV.
1894
01:53:17,225 --> 01:53:18,350
What stops the glass?
1895
01:53:20,309 --> 01:53:21,310
I'm heading to base camp.
1896
01:53:21,705 --> 01:53:22,705
Best of luck.
1897
01:53:23,725 --> 01:53:24,728
Robert?
1898
01:53:26,225 --> 01:53:27,309
Try not to blow up the world.
1899
01:53:39,767 --> 01:53:42,272
Watch that needle.
If the detonators don't charge,
1900
01:53:42,389 --> 01:53:44,100
and the voltage drops below one volt,
1901
01:53:44,267 --> 01:53:46,684
you hit that button,
you abort. Understood?
1902
01:53:47,506 --> 01:53:48,506
Understood.
1903
01:53:56,100 --> 01:53:57,968
Two minutes to detonation.
1904
01:53:58,444 --> 01:53:59,444
Everybody down!
1905
01:54:00,559 --> 01:54:03,267
Do not turn around until you
see light reflected on the hills.
1906
01:54:04,684 --> 01:54:07,434
Then look at the explosion
only through your welder's glass.
1907
01:54:07,475 --> 01:54:10,017
90 seconds to detonation.
1908
01:54:11,809 --> 01:54:14,142
80 seconds to detonation.
1909
01:54:15,059 --> 01:54:16,293
Is it rubbed in?
1910
01:54:17,100 --> 01:54:18,118
Yeah.
1911
01:54:24,767 --> 01:54:27,434
60 seconds to detonation.
1912
01:54:42,350 --> 01:54:44,100
These things are hard on your heart.
1913
01:54:44,725 --> 01:54:45,725
30 seconds.
1914
01:54:51,475 --> 01:54:52,517
Detonators charged!
1915
01:55:03,100 --> 01:55:04,310
17.
1916
01:55:04,397 --> 01:55:05,623
16.
1917
01:55:06,131 --> 01:55:07,341
15.
1918
01:55:07,725 --> 01:55:08,725
14.
1919
01:55:09,710 --> 01:55:10,726
13.
1920
01:55:11,434 --> 01:55:12,436
12.
1921
01:55:12,934 --> 01:55:13,937
11.
1922
01:55:14,835 --> 01:55:15,854
Ten.
1923
01:55:17,017 --> 01:55:18,023
Nine.
1924
01:55:18,975 --> 01:55:19,969
Eight.
1925
01:55:21,225 --> 01:55:22,234
Seven.
1926
01:55:23,725 --> 01:55:24,745
Six.
1927
01:55:26,642 --> 01:55:27,654
Five.
1928
01:55:29,267 --> 01:55:30,267
Four.
1929
01:55:31,809 --> 01:55:32,809
Three.
1930
01:55:34,350 --> 01:55:35,350
Two.
1931
01:55:36,642 --> 01:55:37,434
One.
1932
01:57:10,684 --> 01:57:12,965
"And now I am become Death...
1933
01:57:15,354 --> 01:57:16,809
"the destroyer of worlds."
1934
01:57:50,517 --> 01:57:51,517
It worked.
1935
01:58:27,292 --> 01:58:28,477
You owe me ten dollars!
1936
01:58:31,268 --> 01:58:33,975
Come on!
-I... I'm good for it, Kisti.
1937
01:58:35,083 --> 01:58:36,083
You are!
1938
01:58:37,013 --> 01:58:38,103
Yes, you are!
1939
01:59:15,833 --> 01:59:17,291
Get me Potsdam right away.
1940
01:59:29,100 --> 01:59:30,166
Get a message to Kitty.
1941
01:59:30,791 --> 01:59:32,958
We can't say anything.
-Tell her to take in the sheets.
1942
01:59:48,818 --> 01:59:50,458
Hello?
-Hi, Kitty?
1943
01:59:50,499 --> 01:59:53,583
What? What? Charlotte?
Charlotte, go ahead. Go ahead.
1944
01:59:53,666 --> 01:59:55,249
Oh, um, well, I don't know,
1945
01:59:55,291 --> 01:59:57,749
he just said to tell you
to bring in the sheets.
1946
02:00:00,958 --> 02:00:01,960
Kitty?
1947
02:00:03,583 --> 02:00:05,791
Kitty? Kitty, are you still there?
1948
02:00:13,208 --> 02:00:16,333
If they detonate it too high in the air,
the blast won't be as powerful.
1949
02:00:16,749 --> 02:00:19,958
With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer,
we'll take it from here.
1950
02:00:30,833 --> 02:00:32,964
Did Truman brief Stalin at Potsdam?
1951
02:00:33,916 --> 02:00:36,291
"Brief" would be an overstatement.
1952
02:00:36,333 --> 02:00:39,916
He referred to a powerful
new weapon.
1953
02:00:40,624 --> 02:00:45,291
Stalin... hoped we'd use it against Japan.
1954
02:00:46,833 --> 02:00:47,833
That's it?
1955
02:00:48,416 --> 02:00:51,624
Robert, we've given them an ace.
It's for them to play the hand.
1956
02:00:54,041 --> 02:00:55,124
You're aiming for the sixth?
1957
02:00:56,276 --> 02:00:58,041
It's up to the CO in the Pacific.
1958
02:00:59,916 --> 02:01:01,124
Should I come with you to Washington?
1959
02:01:03,333 --> 02:01:04,333
What for?
1960
02:01:06,818 --> 02:01:07,999
Well, you keep me informed.
1961
02:01:09,849 --> 02:01:10,849
Of course.
1962
02:01:13,124 --> 02:01:14,125
As best I can.
1963
02:01:32,416 --> 02:01:34,833
Would the Japanese surrender
if they knew what was coming?
1964
02:01:36,374 --> 02:01:37,379
I don't know.
1965
02:01:40,333 --> 02:01:41,708
Have you seen Szilard's petition?
1966
02:01:42,374 --> 02:01:44,249
How the hell does Szilard
know about the Japanese?
1967
02:01:45,083 --> 02:01:46,083
You're not signing it, are you?
1968
02:01:47,208 --> 02:01:48,916
Many people have.
A lot of people.
1969
02:01:49,669 --> 02:01:50,677
Edward...
1970
02:01:52,208 --> 02:01:54,999
the fact that we built this bomb
does not give us any more,
1971
02:01:55,041 --> 02:01:56,666
any more right or responsibility
1972
02:01:56,791 --> 02:01:58,958
to decide how it's used than anyone else.
1973
02:01:59,333 --> 02:02:00,916
But we're the only
people who know about it.
1974
02:02:01,666 --> 02:02:04,208
I've told Stimson the various
opinions of the community.
1975
02:02:04,791 --> 02:02:05,790
But what's your opinion?
1976
02:02:07,333 --> 02:02:08,333
Once it's used...
1977
02:02:09,874 --> 02:02:11,541
nuclear war, perhaps...
1978
02:02:12,541 --> 02:02:13,744
all war...
1979
02:02:15,150 --> 02:02:16,166
becomes unthinkable.
1980
02:02:17,124 --> 02:02:18,833
Until somebody
builds a bigger one.
1981
02:02:40,166 --> 02:02:41,333
I thought they would call.
1982
02:02:41,708 --> 02:02:43,041
It's only the fifth.
1983
02:02:45,705 --> 02:02:47,333
In Japan, it's the sixth.
1984
02:03:00,541 --> 02:03:01,537
Charlotte?
1985
02:03:04,124 --> 02:03:05,126
Try Groves.
1986
02:03:06,678 --> 02:03:07,667
Anything?
1987
02:03:10,124 --> 02:03:12,374
Charlotte?
-Truman's on the radio.
1988
02:03:13,833 --> 02:03:15,749
16 hours ago,
1989
02:03:16,749 --> 02:03:18,499
an American airplane
1990
02:03:18,916 --> 02:03:21,893
dropped one bomb on Hiroshima,
1991
02:03:23,583 --> 02:03:26,470
and destroyed its
usefulness to the enemy.
1992
02:03:28,749 --> 02:03:30,833
The bomb has more power
1993
02:03:31,291 --> 02:03:34,333
than 20,000 tons of TNT.
1994
02:03:36,833 --> 02:03:38,541
It is an atomic bomb.
1995
02:03:41,458 --> 02:03:45,791
It is a harnessing of the
basic power of the universe.
1996
02:03:48,583 --> 02:03:49,586
Groves on one.
1997
02:03:55,791 --> 02:03:56,788
General?
1998
02:03:56,833 --> 02:03:58,999
I'm very proud of you,
and all of your people.
1999
02:03:59,708 --> 02:04:00,708
It went alright?
2000
02:04:01,291 --> 02:04:03,541
Apparently it went with a tremendous bang.
2001
02:04:04,819 --> 02:04:08,624
Well, everyone here is feeling
reasonably good about it.
2002
02:04:10,409 --> 02:04:11,624
It's been a long road.
2003
02:04:12,083 --> 02:04:14,249
I think one of the
wisest things I ever did
2004
02:04:14,291 --> 02:04:16,791
was when I selected
the director of Los Alamos.
2005
02:04:20,208 --> 02:04:23,833
We have spent more
than two billion dollars
2006
02:04:24,333 --> 02:04:27,833
on the greatest scientific
gamble in history,
2007
02:04:28,708 --> 02:04:30,166
and we have won.
2008
02:04:36,083 --> 02:04:38,791
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2009
02:05:58,708 --> 02:05:59,708
The world...
2010
02:06:01,749 --> 02:06:02,833
will remember this day.
2011
02:06:22,166 --> 02:06:23,416
It's too soon to...
2012
02:06:24,416 --> 02:06:25,999
It's too soon to determine
2013
02:06:26,374 --> 02:06:28,083
what the results of the bombing are.
2014
02:06:31,583 --> 02:06:33,124
But I'll bet the Japanese didn't like it.
2015
02:06:53,999 --> 02:06:55,000
I'm so proud.
2016
02:06:56,666 --> 02:06:58,416
So proud of what you have accomplished.
2017
02:07:06,333 --> 02:07:08,958
I just wish we had it in time
to use against the Germans.
2018
02:08:58,708 --> 02:08:59,692
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2019
02:09:01,124 --> 02:09:02,108
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2020
02:09:03,416 --> 02:09:04,406
Nice picture.
2021
02:09:05,249 --> 02:09:06,374
President Truman will see you now.
2022
02:09:21,249 --> 02:09:23,999
Dr. Oppenheimer, it's an honor.
2023
02:09:24,041 --> 02:09:25,700
Mr. President.
-Please.
2024
02:09:26,041 --> 02:09:27,060
Thank you.
2025
02:09:27,708 --> 02:09:28,833
Secretary Byrnes.
2026
02:09:31,624 --> 02:09:34,416
How's it feel to be the most
famous man in the world?
2027
02:09:35,541 --> 02:09:38,166
You helped save a lot of American lives.
2028
02:09:38,830 --> 02:09:42,775
What we did at Hiroshima was...
-And Nagasaki.
2029
02:09:43,958 --> 02:09:45,338
Obviously.
2030
02:09:46,124 --> 02:09:49,166
Your invention let us
bring our boys home.
2031
02:09:49,208 --> 02:09:52,307
Well, it was hardly... my invention.
2032
02:09:52,708 --> 02:09:54,624
It was you on the cover of Time.
2033
02:09:57,666 --> 02:10:01,166
Jim tells me you're concerned
about an arms race with the Soviets.
2034
02:10:01,458 --> 02:10:02,499
Ah, yes, ah...
2035
02:10:04,166 --> 02:10:05,151
Well, um...
2036
02:10:05,624 --> 02:10:09,499
it's that, uh, now is
our chance to secure...
2037
02:10:10,874 --> 02:10:13,666
international cooperation
on atomic energy,
2038
02:10:13,708 --> 02:10:15,958
and-and-and I'm concerned...
2039
02:10:15,999 --> 02:10:18,796
Do you know when the Soviets
are gonna have the bomb?
2040
02:10:19,249 --> 02:10:20,749
I don't think I could give a...
2041
02:10:20,874 --> 02:10:21,874
Never!
2042
02:10:23,124 --> 02:10:24,124
Never.
2043
02:10:24,749 --> 02:10:27,999
Mr. President, the Russians
have good physicists,
2044
02:10:28,041 --> 02:10:30,666
and, and abundant resources...
-Abundant?
2045
02:10:30,749 --> 02:10:31,750
Yes.
2046
02:10:32,281 --> 02:10:33,999
I don't think so.
2047
02:10:34,499 --> 02:10:37,708
Well, they'll put
everything they have in...
2048
02:10:41,791 --> 02:10:45,249
I hear you're leaving Los Alamos.
2049
02:10:46,666 --> 02:10:47,927
What should we do with it?
2050
02:10:48,291 --> 02:10:49,624
Give it back to the Indians.
2051
02:10:57,874 --> 02:11:00,249
Um, Dr. Oppenheimer...
2052
02:11:01,249 --> 02:11:03,708
if what you say about
the Soviets is true,
2053
02:11:04,416 --> 02:11:08,291
we have to build up Los Alamos,
not shut it down.
2054
02:11:12,124 --> 02:11:13,291
Mr. President...
2055
02:11:15,041 --> 02:11:16,041
Umm...
2056
02:11:19,208 --> 02:11:22,624
I feel that I have
blood on my hands.
2057
02:11:42,624 --> 02:11:45,624
You think anyone
in Hiroshima, or...
2058
02:11:46,692 --> 02:11:50,624
Nagasaki, gives a shit who built the bomb?
2059
02:11:54,458 --> 02:11:56,083
They care who dropped it.
2060
02:11:57,458 --> 02:11:58,459
I did.
2061
02:12:01,291 --> 02:12:03,249
Hiroshima isn't about you.
2062
02:12:10,041 --> 02:12:11,333
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2063
02:12:23,041 --> 02:12:25,249
Don't let that crybaby back in here!
2064
02:12:30,917 --> 02:12:33,791
Robert saw that
hand-wringing got him nowhere.
2065
02:12:34,833 --> 02:12:37,083
By the time I met him, he'd fully embraced
2066
02:12:37,124 --> 02:12:39,041
his "Father of the Bomb" reputation.
2067
02:12:39,958 --> 02:12:42,499
And used his profile to influence policy.
2068
02:12:51,666 --> 02:12:53,083
Doctor, in the years
following the war,
2069
02:12:53,124 --> 02:12:55,374
would you say that you
exerted a great influence
2070
02:12:55,416 --> 02:12:57,249
on the atomic policies of the USA?
2071
02:12:57,291 --> 02:12:59,458
I think "great" would
be an overstatement.
2072
02:12:59,666 --> 02:13:01,874
Really? I mean, look
at the issue of isotopes.
2073
02:13:01,916 --> 02:13:05,499
Were you not personally responsible for
destroying all opposition to their export?
2074
02:13:05,721 --> 02:13:07,541
...could use a bottle of beer
2075
02:13:08,166 --> 02:13:10,084
in making atomic weapons. In fact, you do.
2076
02:13:10,499 --> 02:13:14,249
I was the spokesman, but the opinion
among scientists was unanimous.
2077
02:13:14,541 --> 02:13:17,583
All along, with McCarthy on the rise,
he knew he was vulnerable.
2078
02:13:18,350 --> 02:13:21,833
His brother was blacklisted
by every university in the country.
2079
02:13:23,499 --> 02:13:26,208
Lomanitz wound up working
the railroad, laying track.
2080
02:13:28,374 --> 02:13:30,374
Chevalier went into exile.
2081
02:13:32,666 --> 02:13:35,166
But none of that stopped Robert
2082
02:13:35,208 --> 02:13:37,888
from pushing the GAC
to recommend arms control,
2083
02:13:37,912 --> 02:13:38,916
instead of the H-Bomb.
2084
02:13:41,208 --> 02:13:44,333
He was devastated when Truman
rejected their recommendation.
2085
02:13:46,624 --> 02:13:48,291
I miss Richard more than I can bear.
2086
02:13:48,624 --> 02:13:50,083
I know, Ruth. I know.
2087
02:13:50,520 --> 02:13:53,416
I'm just glad he didn't live
to see where this has all gone.
2088
02:13:56,583 --> 02:13:59,291
Here comes the
birthday boy, to gloat...
2089
02:13:59,750 --> 02:14:00,735
Have fun.
2090
02:14:02,250 --> 02:14:04,166
Robert, my son and his fiancรฉe
2091
02:14:04,208 --> 02:14:06,708
are desperate to meet the
father of the atomic bomb, so...
2092
02:14:06,732 --> 02:14:07,724
Hello.
2093
02:14:15,958 --> 02:14:16,960
Is this a bad time?
2094
02:14:17,958 --> 02:14:19,002
What do you think, Lewis?
2095
02:14:19,625 --> 02:14:21,208
Well, I think it must have
been a blow for you.
2096
02:14:21,875 --> 02:14:22,876
For the world.
2097
02:14:24,500 --> 02:14:27,250
The world? What does Fuchs
mean to the rest of the world?
2098
02:14:29,166 --> 02:14:30,193
Fuchs?
2099
02:14:30,623 --> 02:14:31,624
Klaus Fuchs?
2100
02:14:33,633 --> 02:14:35,750
Oh dear. You haven't heard.
2101
02:14:39,083 --> 02:14:41,000
Klaus Fuchs, the British scientist
2102
02:14:41,041 --> 02:14:43,625
that you put onto the
implosion team at Los Alamos.
2103
02:14:44,750 --> 02:14:45,875
Turns out he was...
2104
02:14:46,469 --> 02:14:48,750
He was spying for the
Soviets the whole time.
2105
02:14:49,310 --> 02:14:50,300
I'm sorry.
2106
02:14:56,208 --> 02:14:58,732
After the truth about
Fuchs came out,
2107
02:14:59,000 --> 02:15:01,041
the FBI stepped up surveillance on him.
2108
02:15:01,250 --> 02:15:02,750
He knew his phone was tapped.
2109
02:15:03,916 --> 02:15:05,000
He was followed everywhere.
2110
02:15:06,125 --> 02:15:07,250
His trash picked through.
2111
02:15:11,291 --> 02:15:13,375
But he never stopped
speaking his mind.
2112
02:15:13,916 --> 02:15:15,083
A man of conviction.
2113
02:15:15,666 --> 02:15:18,375
And maybe he thought fame
could actually protect him.
2114
02:15:20,750 --> 02:15:23,083
When Eisenhower took office,
he saw one more chance.
2115
02:15:25,333 --> 02:15:26,250
He took it.
2116
02:15:26,292 --> 02:15:29,458
America and Russia may be likened...
2117
02:15:30,833 --> 02:15:32,833
to two scorpions in a bottle.
2118
02:15:33,069 --> 02:15:36,291
Each capable of killing the other,
2119
02:15:36,500 --> 02:15:39,258
but only at the risk of his own life.
2120
02:15:39,958 --> 02:15:42,000
Now, there are various
aspects of this policy...
2121
02:15:42,041 --> 02:15:46,416
A lot of scientists blame me,
but how was I supposed to protect him?
2122
02:15:46,458 --> 02:15:48,500
...are too secret for discussion.
2123
02:15:48,708 --> 02:15:50,541
Candor is the only remedy.
2124
02:15:50,750 --> 02:15:54,375
Officials in Washington need to start
leveling with the American people.
2125
02:15:56,000 --> 02:15:58,208
That was the last straw
for Robert's enemies.
2126
02:15:58,250 --> 02:16:00,873
So he had to lose
his security clearance.
2127
02:16:01,041 --> 02:16:03,250
And with it, his credibility.
2128
02:16:03,791 --> 02:16:05,416
But how could they do it?
2129
02:16:05,958 --> 02:16:07,208
He was a war hero.
2130
02:16:07,250 --> 02:16:09,291
He'd already told everyone about his past.
2131
02:16:09,333 --> 02:16:10,994
Borden dredged it all up.
2132
02:16:11,333 --> 02:16:14,625
How could Borden get access
to Oppenheimer's FBI file?
2133
02:16:14,666 --> 02:16:15,666
Could it have been Nichols?
2134
02:16:16,000 --> 02:16:17,541
No, I can't imagine he'd do that.
2135
02:16:18,416 --> 02:16:22,125
Whoever did unleashed a firestorm
that burned a path in the White House,
2136
02:16:22,500 --> 02:16:24,500
right to my desk at the AEC.
2137
02:16:25,458 --> 02:16:26,875
You seen 'em in there, right?
2138
02:16:27,666 --> 02:16:30,049
I've worked my whole life to get here.
2139
02:16:30,916 --> 02:16:33,041
The cabinet of the
United States of America,
2140
02:16:33,083 --> 02:16:34,791
and now, in front of the entire country,
2141
02:16:35,166 --> 02:16:36,666
they want to put me back in my place.
2142
02:16:38,541 --> 02:16:39,958
A lowly shoe salesman.
2143
02:16:40,987 --> 02:16:42,833
Lewis, we can win this thing.
2144
02:16:43,125 --> 02:16:45,125
I think we can get the Senate to grasp
2145
02:16:45,166 --> 02:16:47,416
that you did your duty,
painful though it was.
2146
02:16:47,625 --> 02:16:50,541
Now, will Hill's testimony back us up?
-Hill will be fine.
2147
02:16:50,583 --> 02:16:53,916
I don't really know him, but he was
one of Szilard's boys in Chicago.
2148
02:16:53,958 --> 02:16:55,657
And they'd never forgave Robert for not
2149
02:16:55,681 --> 02:16:57,916
supporting the petition
against bombing Japan.
2150
02:16:59,208 --> 02:17:02,208
This was taken 31 days after the bombing.
2151
02:17:03,541 --> 02:17:07,708
Virtually everyone in the streets,
for nearly a mile around,
2152
02:17:08,541 --> 02:17:10,125
was instantly and seriously...
2153
02:17:10,958 --> 02:17:11,946
burned.
2154
02:17:12,958 --> 02:17:16,317
The Japanese spoke of people who
2155
02:17:16,541 --> 02:17:20,291
wore striped clothing, upon whom
the skin was burned in stripes.
2156
02:17:21,583 --> 02:17:23,505
There were many who
thought themselves lucky,
2157
02:17:24,238 --> 02:17:26,458
who climbed out of the
ruins of their homes,
2158
02:17:26,875 --> 02:17:28,000
only slightly injured.
2159
02:17:29,867 --> 02:17:30,875
But they died anyway.
2160
02:17:32,333 --> 02:17:34,666
They died days, or weeks later,
2161
02:17:35,590 --> 02:17:38,125
from iridium-like rays
emitted in great numbers
2162
02:17:38,791 --> 02:17:40,375
at the moment of the explosion.
2163
02:17:42,250 --> 02:17:43,916
Did you read this
crap in the papers?
2164
02:17:44,291 --> 02:17:45,875
A British physicist is saying
2165
02:17:46,125 --> 02:17:48,791
the atomic bombings were
not the last act of World War II,
2166
02:17:49,102 --> 02:17:51,833
but the first act of this
cold war with Russia.
2167
02:17:52,492 --> 02:17:53,481
Which physicist?
2168
02:17:53,833 --> 02:17:56,083
I think you knew him.
Patrick Blackett.
2169
02:17:59,458 --> 02:18:02,333
He may not be wrong.
Stimson is now telling me
2170
02:18:02,416 --> 02:18:05,333
we bombed an enemy that
was essentially defeated.
2171
02:18:05,541 --> 02:18:07,666
Robert, you've all the influence now.
2172
02:18:09,005 --> 02:18:09,992
Please,
2173
02:18:10,708 --> 02:18:12,750
urge them to continue
my research on the Super.
2174
02:18:13,083 --> 02:18:14,708
I neither can nor will, Edward.
2175
02:18:15,110 --> 02:18:16,108
Why not?
2176
02:18:16,458 --> 02:18:18,110
It's not the right use of our resources.
2177
02:18:18,625 --> 02:18:19,958
Is that what you really believe?
2178
02:18:20,941 --> 02:18:24,708
J. Robert Oppenheimer?
Sphinx-like guru of the atom?
2179
02:18:26,375 --> 02:18:27,875
Nobody knows what you believe.
2180
02:18:29,083 --> 02:18:30,625
Do you? Hmm?
2181
02:18:31,500 --> 02:18:35,333
One final time, our program director,
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
2182
02:18:37,208 --> 02:18:39,166
I hope that in years to come,
2183
02:18:39,500 --> 02:18:41,791
you will look back
on your work here with pride.
2184
02:18:42,875 --> 02:18:46,808
But today, that pride must be tempered
with a profound concern.
2185
02:18:48,848 --> 02:18:52,333
If atomic weapons are to be added
to the arsenals of a warring world,
2186
02:18:54,083 --> 02:18:57,916
then the day will come when people
will curse the name of Los Alamos.
2187
02:19:02,375 --> 02:19:03,391
Uh, sorry, Admiral.
2188
02:19:04,291 --> 02:19:05,458
Stopped off to get this.
2189
02:19:06,583 --> 02:19:07,833
Seems pretty favorable.
2190
02:19:09,125 --> 02:19:11,208
There's Oppenheimer. What's the caption?
2191
02:19:11,336 --> 02:19:14,273
Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer.
Strauss fought him...
2192
02:19:16,209 --> 02:19:17,291
"and the US won."
2193
02:19:18,875 --> 02:19:19,875
That'll work.
2194
02:19:20,266 --> 02:19:21,958
Those were your words from the other day.
2195
02:19:22,208 --> 02:19:23,209
We needed to pivot.
2196
02:19:24,031 --> 02:19:26,672
But how would you know what
Time Magazine was gonna write?
2197
02:19:26,875 --> 02:19:28,416
Henry Luce is a friend.
2198
02:19:36,333 --> 02:19:38,541
You sat here and let me
tell you how it's done,
2199
02:19:39,333 --> 02:19:41,166
but you've been
far ahead all along.
2200
02:19:41,725 --> 02:19:43,708
Survival in Washington.
2201
02:19:44,625 --> 02:19:46,250
It's about knowing how to get things done.
2202
02:19:47,333 --> 02:19:48,357
Right.
2203
02:19:50,500 --> 02:19:51,791
What was it you said about Borden?
2204
02:19:52,465 --> 02:19:54,208
Why get caught holding
the knife yourself?
2205
02:19:56,721 --> 02:19:59,375
I'm beginning to think Borden
was holding the knife for you.
2206
02:20:02,479 --> 02:20:04,333
It's gonna come down
to how much influence
2207
02:20:04,375 --> 02:20:06,291
Borden's been able to exert on Teller.
2208
02:20:07,541 --> 02:20:08,791
Did I say something funny?
2209
02:20:08,955 --> 02:20:13,375
Just "Borden, Borden, Borden",
when we all know that it's Strauss.
2210
02:20:13,833 --> 02:20:15,791
Lewis brought me
to Princeton, Kitty.
2211
02:20:16,458 --> 02:20:18,949
And then you humiliated
him in front of Congress.
2212
02:20:19,029 --> 02:20:20,583
But more useful than a sandwich!
2213
02:20:24,583 --> 02:20:25,585
How'd I do?
2214
02:20:27,000 --> 02:20:28,416
Maybe a little too well, Robert.
2215
02:20:29,083 --> 02:20:30,228
That was six years ago.
2216
02:20:30,375 --> 02:20:33,750
You know, they're truly vindictive,
patient as saints.
2217
02:20:34,041 --> 02:20:36,458
Strauss has been perfectly
clear that he is neutral.
2218
02:20:37,500 --> 02:20:40,291
Wake up! It is Strauss!
2219
02:20:40,500 --> 02:20:42,416
It's always been Strauss, and you know it!
2220
02:20:43,416 --> 02:20:44,750
Why won't you fight him?
2221
02:20:48,375 --> 02:20:51,981
It wasn't Nichols, or Hoover,
or one of Truman's guys.
2222
02:20:52,039 --> 02:20:53,039
It was you.
2223
02:20:53,532 --> 02:20:54,750
You gave the file to Borden.
2224
02:20:54,958 --> 02:20:56,416
You set him on Oppenheimer.
2225
02:20:56,583 --> 02:20:57,750
You convinced him...
-Borden...
2226
02:20:59,166 --> 02:21:01,125
didn't take any convincing.
2227
02:21:01,542 --> 02:21:03,041
Take your time,
use the entire file.
2228
02:21:03,416 --> 02:21:05,500
Write up your conclusions,
send them to the FBI.
2229
02:21:05,833 --> 02:21:08,000
The material's obviously extensive,
2230
02:21:08,041 --> 02:21:10,083
but there's nothing new here.
2231
02:21:10,333 --> 02:21:11,458
Your conclusions will be.
2232
02:21:12,473 --> 02:21:13,791
And they'll have to be answered.
2233
02:21:14,666 --> 02:21:16,166
Hoover passes them to McCarthy?
2234
02:21:16,625 --> 02:21:19,208
Oppenheimer's too slippery
for that self-promoting clown.
2235
02:21:19,833 --> 02:21:20,958
I've talked it over with Hoover.
2236
02:21:21,000 --> 02:21:24,416
He'll hold McCarthy at bay
while you do this with the AEC.
2237
02:21:25,000 --> 02:21:26,875
Trial?
-No, no trial.
2238
02:21:26,916 --> 02:21:29,416
You can't give Oppenheimer a platform.
2239
02:21:29,875 --> 02:21:30,916
You can't martyr him.
2240
02:21:31,901 --> 02:21:35,083
We need a systematic destruction
of Oppenheimer's credibility,
2241
02:21:35,125 --> 02:21:38,333
so he can never again speak
on matters of national security.
2242
02:21:39,541 --> 02:21:40,543
Then what?
2243
02:21:42,041 --> 02:21:45,083
A shabby little room.
Far from the limelight.
2244
02:21:51,125 --> 02:21:55,250
A simple bureaucratic procedure.
His Q clearance. It's up for renewal.
2245
02:21:55,625 --> 02:21:58,208
You send your accusations to the FBI...
2246
02:22:00,708 --> 02:22:03,666
Hoover sends them to the AEC.
You're forced to act.
2247
02:22:04,416 --> 02:22:05,708
You write up an indictment.
2248
02:22:06,250 --> 02:22:09,500
You tell Oppenheimer his security
clearance is not being renewed.
2249
02:22:10,250 --> 02:22:11,916
But offer him the chance to appeal.
2250
02:22:12,083 --> 02:22:14,166
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
2251
02:22:14,541 --> 02:22:16,041
May I keep this?
-No.
2252
02:22:16,916 --> 02:22:20,416
If you do decide to appeal,
they'll have to send you a copy.
2253
02:22:20,958 --> 02:22:25,500
When he appeals, and trust me,
he will, I appoint a board.
2254
02:22:26,500 --> 02:22:28,250
They will, of course, have counsel.
2255
02:22:29,208 --> 02:22:30,791
Prosecutor?
-In all but name.
2256
02:22:31,000 --> 02:22:32,958
Who?
-Roger Robb.
2257
02:22:33,000 --> 02:22:33,998
Ouch.
2258
02:22:34,041 --> 02:22:37,291
Robb will have security clearance
to examine Oppenheimer's file.
2259
02:22:37,416 --> 02:22:39,958
As will the Gray Board.
Defense counsel will not.
2260
02:22:41,666 --> 02:22:42,666
A closed hearing.
2261
02:22:42,916 --> 02:22:47,000
The so-called interrogatory information
in your indictment of me...
2262
02:22:47,041 --> 02:22:50,666
No audience, no reporters,
no burden of proof.
2263
02:22:51,166 --> 02:22:52,167
No burden of proof?
2264
02:22:54,166 --> 02:22:55,166
We're not convicting.
2265
02:22:56,333 --> 02:22:57,875
We're just denying.
2266
02:23:03,791 --> 02:23:05,708
What is it you said?
2267
02:23:06,708 --> 02:23:09,875
This is just how the game is played.
2268
02:23:10,708 --> 02:23:12,125
Well, forgive my naivete.
2269
02:23:13,041 --> 02:23:16,541
Amateurs seek the sun, get eaten.
2270
02:23:18,083 --> 02:23:21,125
Power stays in the shadows.
2271
02:23:21,416 --> 02:23:24,333
But, sir, you're... you're
out of the shadows now.
2272
02:23:24,375 --> 02:23:26,166
Yeah, that's why this has to work.
2273
02:23:26,333 --> 02:23:27,319
Well...
2274
02:23:29,261 --> 02:23:30,958
Teller's testifying this morning.
2275
02:23:31,208 --> 02:23:32,458
That'll help. And then...
2276
02:23:33,847 --> 02:23:35,147
Hill is in the afternoon.
2277
02:23:35,172 --> 02:23:36,416
Hill is gonna help us too.
2278
02:23:39,791 --> 02:23:42,125
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
2279
02:23:43,041 --> 02:23:44,333
May I keep this?
-No.
2280
02:23:47,166 --> 02:23:51,583
If you do decide to appeal, then
they'll have to send you a copy.
2281
02:23:55,625 --> 02:23:57,541
Take my car and driver, I insist.
2282
02:24:02,500 --> 02:24:04,375
I'll have to consult my lawyers, Lewis.
2283
02:24:04,583 --> 02:24:07,250
Of course. But don't take too long.
2284
02:24:07,416 --> 02:24:08,916
I can't keep Nichols at bay.
2285
02:24:15,583 --> 02:24:17,393
I'm sorry it's come to this, Robert.
2286
02:24:17,958 --> 02:24:18,959
I think it's wrong.
2287
02:24:32,458 --> 02:24:35,416
Nichols wants me to fight,
so he can get it all on the record.
2288
02:24:35,997 --> 02:24:37,375
Strauss wants me to walk away.
2289
02:24:37,817 --> 02:24:42,271
Strauss knows that you can't do that.
You'd be accepting the charges.
2290
02:24:43,167 --> 02:24:44,375
You'll lose your job.
2291
02:24:44,708 --> 02:24:47,458
You will lose your reputation.
We'll lose our house.
2292
02:24:47,750 --> 02:24:49,000
Robert, we have to fight.
2293
02:24:52,500 --> 02:24:54,541
As AEC counsel, I can't represent you.
2294
02:24:55,125 --> 02:24:56,250
I'll call Lloyd Garrison.
2295
02:24:56,875 --> 02:24:57,876
Oh, he's good.
2296
02:24:58,125 --> 02:25:01,125
The best, but I have to warn you.
2297
02:25:02,916 --> 02:25:04,125
This won't be a fair fight.
2298
02:25:05,000 --> 02:25:08,958
During your interview with Boris Pash
in 1943, did you refer to microfilm?
2299
02:25:09,208 --> 02:25:12,416
No.
-Tab 11, page one, paragraph three.
2300
02:25:12,458 --> 02:25:15,875
You never said, "man of the consulate,
expert in the use of microfilm"?
2301
02:25:15,916 --> 02:25:16,916
I'm sorry, I'm sorry...
-No.
2302
02:25:16,958 --> 02:25:19,333
I would like to know what document
Mr. Robb is quoting from,
2303
02:25:19,375 --> 02:25:20,816
and if we might be furnished with a copy.
2304
02:25:21,208 --> 02:25:23,041
The document is classified, Mr. Garrison.
2305
02:25:23,208 --> 02:25:25,458
I think we should get back
to firsthand information.
2306
02:25:25,500 --> 02:25:26,500
This is firsthand.
2307
02:25:26,958 --> 02:25:27,972
How so, Roger?
2308
02:25:30,125 --> 02:25:31,458
There was a recording of the interview.
2309
02:25:36,541 --> 02:25:39,375
You let my client sit here
and potentially perjure himself,
2310
02:25:39,416 --> 02:25:41,583
and all this time, you had a recording?
2311
02:25:41,833 --> 02:25:44,666
Nobody told your client to
misrepresent his former answers.
2312
02:25:44,708 --> 02:25:46,416
Misrepresent? It was 12 years ago!
2313
02:25:47,000 --> 02:25:48,017
Can we hear this recording?
2314
02:25:48,250 --> 02:25:49,502
You don't have the
clearance, Mr. Garrison.
2315
02:25:49,549 --> 02:25:51,375
But you're reading
it into the record!
2316
02:25:51,791 --> 02:25:56,083
Please, please. Is this proceeding
interested in entrapment or in truth?
2317
02:25:56,583 --> 02:26:00,541
If it's truth, where's the disclosure?
Where's the witness list?
2318
02:26:00,583 --> 02:26:03,416
Mr. Garrison, this isn't a trial,
as you are well aware.
2319
02:26:03,458 --> 02:26:07,291
Evidentiary rules do not apply.
We are dealing with national security.
2320
02:26:07,416 --> 02:26:08,625
Yes, sir, with all due respect,
2321
02:26:08,666 --> 02:26:12,875
I fail to see how national security
prevents the prosecution from
2322
02:26:12,916 --> 02:26:15,083
providing us with a list of witnesses!
-Perhaps we are in need
2323
02:26:15,125 --> 02:26:17,416
of a brief recess.
-Gentlemen. You have my words.
2324
02:26:17,458 --> 02:26:20,291
If you say they're from
a transcript, then I'll accept it.
2325
02:26:20,333 --> 02:26:23,041
I've already explained
I made up a cock-and-bull story.
2326
02:26:23,208 --> 02:26:26,250
And why would anyone make up
such an elaborate story?
2327
02:26:26,291 --> 02:26:27,500
Because I was an idiot.
2328
02:26:28,750 --> 02:26:29,751
Why lie?
2329
02:26:29,916 --> 02:26:34,072
Well, clearly with the intention of not
revealing who the intermediary was.
2330
02:26:34,208 --> 02:26:36,541
Your friend, Haakon Chevalier,
the communist.
2331
02:26:37,166 --> 02:26:38,170
Is he still your friend?
2332
02:26:39,083 --> 02:26:40,093
Yes.
2333
02:26:43,500 --> 02:26:45,208
Dr. Rabi, thank you for coming.
2334
02:26:45,619 --> 02:26:47,416
You know who else the
prosecution has called?
2335
02:26:47,666 --> 02:26:51,666
Teller, obviously.
They've asked Lawrence.
2336
02:26:52,083 --> 02:26:54,333
What did he say?
-He wasn't going to help them,
2337
02:26:55,000 --> 02:26:56,083
but...
-But?
2338
02:26:56,947 --> 02:27:01,208
Strauss told him that you and Ruth Tolman
had been having an affair for years.
2339
02:27:01,541 --> 02:27:03,375
The whole time you lived
with them in Pasadena.
2340
02:27:04,250 --> 02:27:07,375
He convinced Lawrence that
Richard died of a broken heart.
2341
02:27:07,416 --> 02:27:09,286
That's absurd.
-What part?
2342
02:27:09,375 --> 02:27:12,416
A broken heart.
Richard never found out.
2343
02:27:13,625 --> 02:27:14,833
Is Lawrence gonna testify?
2344
02:27:15,416 --> 02:27:16,419
I don't know.
2345
02:27:17,291 --> 02:27:21,375
Dr. Rabi, what governmental
positions do you currently hold?
2346
02:27:21,916 --> 02:27:24,833
I am the chairman of the
general advisory committee
2347
02:27:24,875 --> 02:27:27,166
to the AEC, succeeding
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2348
02:27:27,750 --> 02:27:29,666
And how long have you
known Dr. Oppenheimer?
2349
02:27:30,666 --> 02:27:34,500
Since 1928. I... I know him quite well.
2350
02:27:34,828 --> 02:27:38,375
Well enough to speak to the bearing
of his loyalty and character?
2351
02:27:39,062 --> 02:27:42,291
Dr. Oppenheimer is a man
of upstanding character.
2352
02:27:43,166 --> 02:27:46,583
And he is loyal to the
United States, to his friends,
2353
02:27:47,041 --> 02:27:48,916
to the institutions of which he is part.
2354
02:27:51,041 --> 02:27:52,041
Eat.
2355
02:28:11,458 --> 02:28:12,458
Who was that?
2356
02:28:12,666 --> 02:28:13,666
Nothing to worry about.
2357
02:28:17,333 --> 02:28:18,833
After the Russian A-bomb test,
2358
02:28:18,875 --> 02:28:21,291
did Dr. Lawrence come to see you
about the hydrogen bomb?
2359
02:28:21,550 --> 02:28:23,083
You'd be better off asking him.
2360
02:28:23,375 --> 02:28:24,416
Well, I fully intend to.
2361
02:28:25,588 --> 02:28:29,208
Would you say that Dr. Oppenheimer
was unalterably opposed to the H-bomb?
2362
02:28:29,583 --> 02:28:32,583
No, he, he thought that a fusion program
2363
02:28:32,625 --> 02:28:35,416
would come at the expense
of our awfully good fission program.
2364
02:28:35,500 --> 02:28:37,083
But that proved not to be the case.
2365
02:28:37,625 --> 02:28:39,083
In the event, both could be done.
2366
02:28:39,583 --> 02:28:42,208
Suppose that this board
did not feel satisfied
2367
02:28:42,250 --> 02:28:45,701
that in his testimony here
Dr. Oppenheimer had been wholly truthful,
2368
02:28:46,416 --> 02:28:48,291
what would you say whether
or not he should be cleared?
2369
02:28:48,583 --> 02:28:50,833
Why go through all this against a man
2370
02:28:50,875 --> 02:28:52,958
who has accomplished
what Dr. Oppenheimer has?
2371
02:28:53,000 --> 02:28:54,083
Look at his record.
2372
02:28:54,750 --> 02:28:57,000
We have an A-bomb,
and a whole series of it.
2373
02:28:57,125 --> 02:28:59,666
We have a whole series of Super bombs.
What more do you want?
2374
02:29:00,670 --> 02:29:01,670
Mermaids?
2375
02:29:02,291 --> 02:29:05,125
But I've known Secretary
Strauss for many years.
2376
02:29:05,482 --> 02:29:08,625
And I feel it a necessity
to express the warm support
2377
02:29:09,174 --> 02:29:11,541
for science and scientists
Lewis has shown.
2378
02:29:11,791 --> 02:29:12,792
We'll break now.
2379
02:29:13,208 --> 02:29:17,166
Unless there's any immediate business.
-Senator, I'd like to once again request
2380
02:29:17,666 --> 02:29:20,250
that we're furnished
with a list of witnesses.
2381
02:29:20,416 --> 02:29:21,958
And I will remind the nominee
2382
02:29:22,000 --> 02:29:24,689
that we don't always have
that information in advance.
2383
02:29:24,958 --> 02:29:27,333
We do know that Dr. Hill
will be here after lunch.
2384
02:29:27,846 --> 02:29:30,708
Mr. Chairman, our next
scheduled witness, Dr. Lawrence,
2385
02:29:30,791 --> 02:29:33,500
has apparently come down with colitis.
2386
02:29:36,875 --> 02:29:39,112
So we'll proceed with
William Borden instead.
2387
02:29:40,166 --> 02:29:42,500
Mr. Borden, welcome. Please take a seat.
2388
02:29:44,333 --> 02:29:45,335
Mr. Borden,
2389
02:29:46,671 --> 02:29:49,291
during your investigation
into Dr. Oppenheimer,
2390
02:29:49,333 --> 02:29:51,000
did you reach certain conclusions?
2391
02:29:51,583 --> 02:29:53,333
I did.
-And did there come a time
2392
02:29:53,375 --> 02:29:56,541
when you expressed those conclusions
in a letter to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover,
2393
02:29:56,708 --> 02:29:59,500
of the Federal Bureau of Investigation?
-That is correct.
2394
02:29:59,541 --> 02:30:02,166
Prior to the writing of the letter,
did you discuss the writing of the letter
2395
02:30:02,208 --> 02:30:04,416
with anybody attached to the
Atomic Energy Commission?
2396
02:30:04,958 --> 02:30:06,083
I did not. -Excellent.
2397
02:30:06,125 --> 02:30:08,041
Do you have a copy of the letter?
-I have one in front of me.
2398
02:30:08,116 --> 02:30:10,250
Would you please be
so kind as to read it, sir?
2399
02:30:11,541 --> 02:30:13,958
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
the purpose of this letter
2400
02:30:14,000 --> 02:30:16,333
"is to state..."
-I'm sorry, I'm sorry, if I could have...
2401
02:30:16,958 --> 02:30:19,708
What is the purpose of the delay?
He's simply going to read the letter.
2402
02:30:20,958 --> 02:30:23,250
Mr. Chairman, this is the first
I've seen of this letter.
2403
02:30:23,708 --> 02:30:26,623
And I see statements here, at least one,
2404
02:30:26,647 --> 02:30:29,083
of a kind that I don't think anyone
would like to see go into the record.
2405
02:30:29,125 --> 02:30:31,541
These are accusations that
have not previously been made,
2406
02:30:31,833 --> 02:30:33,666
that are not part of the
indictment from Nichols.
2407
02:30:33,708 --> 02:30:36,250
Accusations of a kind that
I don't think belong here.
2408
02:30:36,291 --> 02:30:38,416
The witness wrote this letter
on his own initiative,
2409
02:30:38,458 --> 02:30:40,708
laying out evidence that has
already been before the board.
2410
02:30:40,916 --> 02:30:42,541
His conclusions are valid testimony,
2411
02:30:42,583 --> 02:30:45,833
just like the positive conclusions
of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer.
2412
02:30:45,875 --> 02:30:47,000
It cuts both ways.
2413
02:30:47,500 --> 02:30:49,750
How long has counsel been
in possession of this letter?
2414
02:30:49,906 --> 02:30:53,333
I don't think I should be subject to
cross-examination by you, Mr. Garrison.
2415
02:30:53,375 --> 02:30:56,500
Mr. Garrison, given that we
on the board have all read the letter,
2416
02:30:56,541 --> 02:30:58,208
wouldn't it be better
to have it in the record?
2417
02:30:59,666 --> 02:31:00,667
Let's proceed.
2418
02:31:02,791 --> 02:31:03,833
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
2419
02:31:04,791 --> 02:31:07,208
"the purpose of this letter
is to state my opinion,
2420
02:31:07,598 --> 02:31:11,051
"based upon years of study
of the available classified evidence,
2421
02:31:11,875 --> 02:31:13,541
"that, more probably than not,
2422
02:31:13,958 --> 02:31:17,916
"J. Robert Oppenheimer
is an agent of the Soviet Union.
2423
02:31:18,777 --> 02:31:20,916
"The following
conclusions are justified.
2424
02:31:21,333 --> 02:31:25,708
"One, between 1929 and 1942,
more probably than not,
2425
02:31:25,856 --> 02:31:29,375
"J. Robert Oppenheimer was
a sufficiently hardened communist
2426
02:31:29,583 --> 02:31:31,833
"that he volunteered
information to the Soviets.
2427
02:31:32,250 --> 02:31:34,458
"Two, more probably than not,
2428
02:31:34,500 --> 02:31:37,916
"he has since been functioning
as an espionage agent.
2429
02:31:38,875 --> 02:31:39,859
"Three.
2430
02:31:40,166 --> 02:31:44,125
"More probably than not, he has
since acted under a Soviet directive
2431
02:31:44,166 --> 02:31:46,958
"in influencing
United States military policy."
2432
02:31:47,009 --> 02:31:49,291
I'm sorry, Robert.
-"Atomic energy, intelligence and..."
2433
02:31:49,416 --> 02:31:53,791
Is anyone ever going to tell the truth
about what's happening here?
2434
02:31:54,250 --> 02:31:57,041
We will now hear from Dr. David Hill.
2435
02:32:07,416 --> 02:32:10,250
Dr. Hill, would you care
to make a statement?
2436
02:32:12,500 --> 02:32:13,514
Thank you.
2437
02:32:13,771 --> 02:32:17,458
I've been asked to testify
about Lewis Strauss,
2438
02:32:17,750 --> 02:32:22,625
a man who has given years of service
in high positions of government,
2439
02:32:22,791 --> 02:32:27,291
and who is known to be earnest,
hard-working, and intelligent.
2440
02:32:29,000 --> 02:32:30,791
The views I have to express are my own,
2441
02:32:31,458 --> 02:32:34,708
but I believe that much I have
to say will help to indicate why
2442
02:32:35,875 --> 02:32:39,750
most of the scientists in this country
would prefer to see Mr. Strauss
2443
02:32:40,774 --> 02:32:42,625
completely out of government.
2444
02:32:44,610 --> 02:32:48,708
You're referring to the hostility
of certain scientists,
2445
02:32:48,833 --> 02:32:52,583
directed toward Mr. Strauss,
because of his commitment to security,
2446
02:32:52,625 --> 02:32:55,166
as demonstrated in the Oppenheimer affair?
2447
02:32:58,166 --> 02:32:59,182
No.
2448
02:32:59,416 --> 02:33:04,208
Because of the personal vindictiveness
he demonstrated against Dr. Oppenheimer.
2449
02:33:06,250 --> 02:33:09,041
Order! Order!
2450
02:33:09,458 --> 02:33:12,666
It appears to most scientists
around this country
2451
02:33:14,142 --> 02:33:17,083
that Robert Oppenheimer
is now being pilloried,
2452
02:33:17,125 --> 02:33:21,166
and put through an ordeal, because
he expressed his honest opinions.
2453
02:33:21,916 --> 02:33:25,083
Dr. Bush, I thought I was
performing a service to my country
2454
02:33:25,125 --> 02:33:28,458
when hearing this case.
-No board, in this country,
2455
02:33:29,000 --> 02:33:32,791
should sit in judgment of a man
because he expressed his strong opinions.
2456
02:33:33,125 --> 02:33:35,416
If you want to try that case,
you should try me.
2457
02:33:36,416 --> 02:33:39,041
Excuse me, gentlemen,
if I've... become stirred.
2458
02:33:40,291 --> 02:33:41,289
But I am.
2459
02:33:41,677 --> 02:33:45,750
Dr. Hill, we've already heard that
Mr. Strauss did not bring the charges,
2460
02:33:45,791 --> 02:33:48,791
or participate in the hearings
against Dr. Oppenheimer.
2461
02:33:48,833 --> 02:33:50,541
The Oppenheimer matter was...
2462
02:33:51,416 --> 02:33:56,083
initiated, and carried through, largely
through the animus of Lewis Strauss.
2463
02:33:57,625 --> 02:34:00,496
Oppenheimer made mincemeat
out of Strauss's position
2464
02:34:00,543 --> 02:34:02,640
on the shipments
of isotopes to Norway,
2465
02:34:02,703 --> 02:34:05,875
and Strauss never forgave him
this public humiliation.
2466
02:34:06,791 --> 02:34:10,208
Another controversy between them centered
around their differences in judgment
2467
02:34:10,250 --> 02:34:13,194
on how the H-bomb would
contribute to national security.
2468
02:34:13,483 --> 02:34:16,750
Strauss turned to the personnel
security system in order to
2469
02:34:17,000 --> 02:34:19,375
destroy Oppenheimer's effectiveness,
2470
02:34:19,500 --> 02:34:22,291
and Strauss was able
to find a few ambitious men
2471
02:34:22,750 --> 02:34:26,375
who also disagreed with Oppenheimer's
positions and envied him
2472
02:34:26,500 --> 02:34:28,500
his prestige in government circles.
2473
02:34:28,875 --> 02:34:32,750
I've always assumed, and still assume,
that he is loyal to the United States.
2474
02:34:33,541 --> 02:34:35,263
I believe this, and I shall believe it,
2475
02:34:35,287 --> 02:34:37,499
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
2476
02:34:38,125 --> 02:34:41,833
Do you or do you not believe that
Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk?
2477
02:34:45,750 --> 02:34:49,127
In a great number of cases, I have
seen Dr. Oppenheimer act in a way
2478
02:34:49,187 --> 02:34:52,208
which was, to me, exceedingly
hard to understand.
2479
02:34:52,569 --> 02:34:54,889
I thoroughly disagreed with
him in numerous issues,
2480
02:34:55,125 --> 02:34:58,416
and his actions frankly appeared to me
confused and complicated.
2481
02:34:58,500 --> 02:35:03,147
To this extent, I feel I want to see
the vital interests of this country
2482
02:35:03,458 --> 02:35:07,125
in hands which I understand better,
and therefore trust more.
2483
02:35:08,333 --> 02:35:09,608
Thank you, Doctor.
-Thank you.
2484
02:35:13,861 --> 02:35:14,876
I'm sorry.
2485
02:35:17,666 --> 02:35:19,583
You shook his fucking hand!?
2486
02:35:20,875 --> 02:35:22,750
Oh, I would have spit in his face.
2487
02:35:22,791 --> 02:35:24,885
I'm not sure the Board
would have appreciated that.
2488
02:35:25,000 --> 02:35:26,541
Is it not gentlemanly enough for you?
2489
02:35:26,583 --> 02:35:29,416
Well, I think you're all
being too goddamn gentlemanly.
2490
02:35:29,486 --> 02:35:33,291
Gray must see what Robb is doing.
Why doesn't he just shut him down?
2491
02:35:33,564 --> 02:35:35,625
And you, shaking Teller's hand.
2492
02:35:35,885 --> 02:35:38,916
You need to stop playing the martyr.
2493
02:35:40,125 --> 02:35:44,478
Under the current AEC guidelines,
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
2494
02:35:50,875 --> 02:35:55,458
Under my interpretation
of the Atomic Energy Act,
2495
02:35:55,500 --> 02:35:59,875
which did not exist when I hired
Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942,
2496
02:36:01,416 --> 02:36:06,500
I would not clear him today
if I were on the commission.
2497
02:36:07,125 --> 02:36:08,485
Good. Thank you, General. That is all.
2498
02:36:08,555 --> 02:36:10,375
But I don't think I'd clear
any of those guys.
2499
02:36:11,172 --> 02:36:12,168
That's all.
2500
02:36:15,250 --> 02:36:18,016
Dr. Oppenheimer had no
responsibility in the selection
2501
02:36:18,063 --> 02:36:19,953
or the clearance of Klaus Fuchs, did he?
2502
02:36:20,125 --> 02:36:21,208
No. None at all.
2503
02:36:21,500 --> 02:36:24,833
And you wouldn't want to leave this
board with any suggestion today that
2504
02:36:25,007 --> 02:36:27,795
you're here questioning his
basic loyalty to the United States
2505
02:36:27,819 --> 02:36:29,297
in the operation of Los Alamos?
2506
02:36:29,750 --> 02:36:33,709
By no means. I hope I didn't lead anyone
to believe otherwise for an instant.
2507
02:36:35,083 --> 02:36:36,093
Thank you, General.
2508
02:36:53,750 --> 02:36:56,666
Okay. We shouldn't keep them waiting.
-She'll be here.
2509
02:36:57,500 --> 02:36:59,166
Do you even want her here?
2510
02:36:59,375 --> 02:37:01,833
Only a fool or an adolescent presumes
2511
02:37:01,875 --> 02:37:05,375
to know someone else's relationship,
and you're neither, Lloyd.
2512
02:37:08,166 --> 02:37:10,666
Kitty and I are grown-ups.
2513
02:37:11,958 --> 02:37:13,541
We've walked through fire together.
2514
02:37:14,541 --> 02:37:15,541
She'll do fine.
2515
02:37:16,916 --> 02:37:20,534
Would you describe your views
on communism as pro, anti, neutral?
2516
02:37:20,833 --> 02:37:21,958
Very strongly against.
2517
02:37:22,000 --> 02:37:24,625
I've had nothing to do with
communism in, since...
2518
02:37:25,000 --> 02:37:26,708
since 1936. Since...
2519
02:37:27,958 --> 02:37:29,375
Since before I met Robert.
2520
02:37:31,487 --> 02:37:32,503
That's all.
2521
02:37:33,750 --> 02:37:36,458
The record demonstrates that
Oppenheimer was not interrogated
2522
02:37:36,500 --> 02:37:39,513
by impartial and disinterested
counsel for the Gray Board.
2523
02:37:39,833 --> 02:37:42,105
He was interrogated
by a prosecutor who used
2524
02:37:42,130 --> 02:37:44,666
all the tricks of a rather
ingenious legal background.
2525
02:37:44,762 --> 02:37:49,000
You are charging now that the
Gray Board permitted a prosecution.
2526
02:37:49,708 --> 02:37:50,875
If I were on the Gray Board,
2527
02:37:51,791 --> 02:37:53,875
I would have protested against the tactics
2528
02:37:53,916 --> 02:37:56,708
of the man who served in fact
as the prosecuting counsel.
2529
02:37:56,791 --> 02:37:58,458
A man appointed not by the Board,
2530
02:37:59,849 --> 02:38:01,408
but by Lewis Strauss.
2531
02:38:04,000 --> 02:38:05,001
Who was this?
2532
02:38:06,583 --> 02:38:07,595
I'm sorry?
2533
02:38:08,333 --> 02:38:09,333
Who was this?
2534
02:38:09,875 --> 02:38:10,875
Roger Robb.
2535
02:38:11,541 --> 02:38:12,666
Mrs. Oppenheimer.
2536
02:38:17,487 --> 02:38:19,458
Did you have a Communist Party
membership card?
2537
02:38:21,375 --> 02:38:23,549
I'm... I'm not sure.
2538
02:38:23,620 --> 02:38:24,792
Not sure?
2539
02:38:27,583 --> 02:38:28,573
Well...
2540
02:38:32,250 --> 02:38:33,258
Well?
2541
02:38:42,000 --> 02:38:44,583
I mean, presumably,
the act of joining the party
2542
02:38:45,000 --> 02:38:47,958
required sending some money
and receiving a card, no?
2543
02:38:58,291 --> 02:38:59,293
Sorry.
2544
02:39:00,416 --> 02:39:01,430
Yes.
2545
02:39:03,916 --> 02:39:07,375
It's just, it was all so very long ago,
Mr. Robb, wasn't it?
2546
02:39:07,400 --> 02:39:08,947
Not really.
-Long enough to have forgotten.
2547
02:39:08,986 --> 02:39:12,083
Did you return the card, or rip it up?
-The card whose existence I've forgotten?
2548
02:39:12,125 --> 02:39:14,958
Your Communist Party membership card?
-Haven't the slightest idea.
2549
02:39:18,291 --> 02:39:22,125
Can a distinction be made between
Soviet communism and communism?
2550
02:39:22,791 --> 02:39:24,041
Well, in the days when I was a member,
2551
02:39:24,083 --> 02:39:26,000
I thought they were definitely two things.
-Oh?
2552
02:39:26,083 --> 02:39:28,833
I thought that the Communist
Party of the United States
2553
02:39:28,875 --> 02:39:32,458
was concerned with our domestic problems.
I now no longer believe this.
2554
02:39:32,583 --> 02:39:35,041
I believe the whole thing's linked
together and spread all over the world,
2555
02:39:35,083 --> 02:39:38,958
and I have believed this since
I left the party 16 years ago.
2556
02:39:39,083 --> 02:39:41,458
But...
-17 years ago. My mistake.
2557
02:39:41,958 --> 02:39:43,879
But you...
-Sorry, 18.
2558
02:39:44,833 --> 02:39:45,980
18 years ago.
2559
02:39:47,500 --> 02:39:50,125
Are you familiar with the fact your
husband was making contributions
2560
02:39:50,166 --> 02:39:52,791
to the Spanish Civil War as late as 1942?
2561
02:39:52,833 --> 02:39:55,000
I knew that Robert
gave money from time to time.
2562
02:39:55,041 --> 02:39:57,666
Did you know this money was going
into Communist Party channels?
2563
02:39:57,750 --> 02:39:59,625
Don't you mean through?
-Pardon?
2564
02:39:59,666 --> 02:40:02,500
I think you mean through
Communist Party channels, don't you?
2565
02:40:02,916 --> 02:40:03,900
Yes.
-Yes?
2566
02:40:04,076 --> 02:40:05,916
Yes.
-Yes.
2567
02:40:06,000 --> 02:40:09,226
Then would it be fair to say
that this meant that by 1942,
2568
02:40:09,257 --> 02:40:12,041
your husband had not stopped having
anything to do with the Communist Party?
2569
02:40:13,458 --> 02:40:16,125
You don't have to answer that yes or no,
you can answer that any way you wish.
2570
02:40:16,250 --> 02:40:19,041
I know that, thank you.
It's your question.
2571
02:40:19,985 --> 02:40:21,291
It's not properly phrased.
2572
02:40:21,333 --> 02:40:23,099
Do you understand what I'm getting at?
-I do.
2573
02:40:23,124 --> 02:40:25,622
Then why don't you answer it that way?
-Because I don't like your phrase,
2574
02:40:26,125 --> 02:40:27,916
"having anything to do
with the Communist Party,"
2575
02:40:27,958 --> 02:40:30,958
because Robert never had anything to do
with the Communist Party as such.
2576
02:40:31,291 --> 02:40:33,583
I know he gave money
to Spanish refugees.
2577
02:40:33,750 --> 02:40:36,875
I know he took an intellectual
interest in communist ideas.
2578
02:40:36,916 --> 02:40:38,417
Are there two types of communists?
2579
02:40:38,791 --> 02:40:41,208
Intellectual communists,
and your plain old regular commie?
2580
02:40:42,750 --> 02:40:44,321
Well, I couldn't answer that one.
2581
02:40:45,583 --> 02:40:46,570
I couldn't either.
2582
02:40:53,875 --> 02:40:54,859
Good evening.
2583
02:40:55,208 --> 02:40:56,541
Robert, you can't win this thing.
2584
02:40:56,750 --> 02:40:59,000
It's a kangaroo court with
a predetermined outcome.
2585
02:40:59,041 --> 02:41:00,375
Why put yourself through more of it?
2586
02:41:01,416 --> 02:41:02,750
I have my reasons.
2587
02:41:04,458 --> 02:41:05,459
Alright.
2588
02:41:06,000 --> 02:41:07,020
Good night.
2589
02:41:11,708 --> 02:41:12,791
He has a point.
2590
02:41:14,333 --> 02:41:16,625
I'm not sure you understand, Albert.
-No?
2591
02:41:17,821 --> 02:41:20,083
I left my country, never to return.
2592
02:41:21,348 --> 02:41:22,958
You served your country well.
2593
02:41:23,791 --> 02:41:26,166
If this is the reward
she offers you, then...
2594
02:41:27,355 --> 02:41:29,375
perhaps you should
turn your back on her.
2595
02:41:30,708 --> 02:41:32,458
Damn it, I happen to love this country.
2596
02:41:33,541 --> 02:41:35,250
Then tell them to go to hell.
2597
02:41:36,125 --> 02:41:39,666
Interestingly enough, this is
no longer a confirmation hearing.
2598
02:41:39,970 --> 02:41:41,333
It's now a trial...
2599
02:41:41,966 --> 02:41:43,166
about a trial!
2600
02:41:43,375 --> 02:41:44,374
For god's sakes!
2601
02:41:44,791 --> 02:41:47,500
It's not good he's telling everyone
you initiated the hearings.
2602
02:41:47,541 --> 02:41:49,625
He can't prove a goddamn thing.
2603
02:41:49,666 --> 02:41:53,125
He certainly can't prove
that I gave the file to Borden.
2604
02:41:53,208 --> 02:41:55,750
We're not in court, sir.
There's no burden of proof.
2605
02:41:56,375 --> 02:41:57,833
Right, they're not convicting.
2606
02:41:59,166 --> 02:42:00,416
They're just denying.
2607
02:42:01,041 --> 02:42:03,833
Why would Hill come here
to tear me down? What's his angle?
2608
02:42:03,999 --> 02:42:05,958
Do people need a reason
to do the right thing?
2609
02:42:06,500 --> 02:42:08,583
As he sees it.
-I told you.
2610
02:42:08,708 --> 02:42:11,120
Oppenheimer's been poisoning
the scientists against me
2611
02:42:11,144 --> 02:42:12,750
right from that first meeting.
2612
02:42:12,916 --> 02:42:15,663
I don't know what Oppenheimer
said to him that day,
2613
02:42:15,718 --> 02:42:18,436
but Einstein wouldn't even meet my eye.
2614
02:42:20,333 --> 02:42:22,250
Oppenheimer knows
how to manipulate his own.
2615
02:42:22,875 --> 02:42:23,916
At Los Alamos,
2616
02:42:24,458 --> 02:42:26,750
he preyed on the naivete of scientists
2617
02:42:26,791 --> 02:42:28,916
who thought they get a say
in how we use their work.
2618
02:42:29,208 --> 02:42:31,375
They'll never think he was
that naive himself.
2619
02:42:32,083 --> 02:42:35,208
Doctor, during your work
on the hydrogen bomb,
2620
02:42:35,482 --> 02:42:38,083
were you... deterred
by any moral qualms?
2621
02:42:39,066 --> 02:42:40,083
Yes, of course.
2622
02:42:40,541 --> 02:42:42,290
But you still got on with
your work, didn't you?
2623
02:42:42,357 --> 02:42:44,416
Yes, because this was work of exploration,
2624
02:42:44,458 --> 02:42:46,500
it was not the preparation of a weapon.
2625
02:42:46,791 --> 02:42:48,713
You mean it was more
of an academic excursion?
2626
02:42:48,760 --> 02:42:52,083
No, it is not an academic thing,
whether you can build a hydrogen bomb.
2627
02:42:52,125 --> 02:42:53,333
It's a matter of life and death.
2628
02:42:53,375 --> 02:42:55,625
By 1942, you were actively
pushing the development
2629
02:42:55,666 --> 02:42:56,666
of the hydrogen bomb, weren't you?
2630
02:42:56,708 --> 02:42:58,000
Pushing is not the right word.
2631
02:42:58,083 --> 02:42:59,958
Supporting it and working on it, yes.
2632
02:43:00,000 --> 02:43:02,333
So when did these moral
qualms become so strong
2633
02:43:02,395 --> 02:43:05,541
that you actively opposed the
development of the hydrogen bomb?
2634
02:43:05,708 --> 02:43:08,375
When it was suggested that it be
the policy of the United States
2635
02:43:08,416 --> 02:43:10,041
to make these things at all costs,
2636
02:43:10,083 --> 02:43:12,375
without regard to the balance
between these weapons
2637
02:43:12,541 --> 02:43:14,666
and atomic weapons as part of our arsenal.
2638
02:43:16,416 --> 02:43:18,473
What do moral qualms have to do with that?
2639
02:43:19,875 --> 02:43:21,833
What do moral qualms have to do with it?
-Yes.
2640
02:43:21,916 --> 02:43:24,250
Oppenheimer wanted to own the atomic bomb.
2641
02:43:24,291 --> 02:43:26,125
He wanted to be
The Man Who Moved the Earth.
2642
02:43:26,166 --> 02:43:30,400
He talks about putting the
nuclear genie back in the bottle.
2643
02:43:30,708 --> 02:43:32,658
Well, I'm here to tell you that I know,
2644
02:43:33,166 --> 02:43:37,500
J. Robert Oppenheimer, if he could
do it all over, he'd do it all the same.
2645
02:43:37,705 --> 02:43:41,083
You know he's never once
said that he regrets Hiroshima?
2646
02:43:41,375 --> 02:43:43,416
He'd do it all over. Why?
2647
02:43:44,086 --> 02:43:48,250
Because it made him the most
important man who ever lived.
2648
02:43:49,250 --> 02:43:51,914
We freely used the atomic bomb.
2649
02:43:51,958 --> 02:43:54,166
In fact, Doctor, you assisted
in selecting the target
2650
02:43:54,208 --> 02:43:56,041
to drop the atomic bomb
on Japan, didn't you?
2651
02:43:56,875 --> 02:43:58,402
Yes...
-Well then, you knew, did you not,
2652
02:43:58,426 --> 02:44:00,875
that by dropping that atomic bomb
on the target you selected,
2653
02:44:00,916 --> 02:44:03,541
that thousands of civilians would be
killed or injured. Is that correct?
2654
02:44:04,167 --> 02:44:05,958
Yes, not as many as turned out.
2655
02:44:06,000 --> 02:44:08,417
Oh. Then how many were killed or injured?
2656
02:44:09,000 --> 02:44:11,453
70,000.
-70,000, both Hiroshima and...
2657
02:44:11,498 --> 02:44:14,333
110,000 to both.
-On the day of each bombing?
2658
02:44:16,000 --> 02:44:17,062
Yes.
-Yes.
2659
02:44:17,083 --> 02:44:18,498
And in the weeks and years that followed?
2660
02:44:18,542 --> 02:44:21,691
It has been put at somewhere
between 50,000 and 100,000.
2661
02:44:21,728 --> 02:44:23,357
220,000 dead, at least.
2662
02:44:23,439 --> 02:44:25,399
Yes.
-Any moral scruples about that?
2663
02:44:27,441 --> 02:44:28,448
Terrible ones.
2664
02:44:28,482 --> 02:44:32,149
But yet you testified in here that the
bombing of Hiroshima was very successful.
2665
02:44:32,542 --> 02:44:35,457
Technically successful.
-Oh! Technically it was very successful.
2666
02:44:35,517 --> 02:44:37,877
And it is also alleged
to have helped to end the war.
2667
02:44:37,918 --> 02:44:40,835
Would you have been supportive of the
dropping of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima?
2668
02:44:41,252 --> 02:44:42,627
That would make no sense at all.
2669
02:44:42,793 --> 02:44:45,453
Why?
-The target is too small.
2670
02:44:45,508 --> 02:44:47,497
Well, supposing there
had been a target in Japan
2671
02:44:47,521 --> 02:44:49,282
big enough for a thermonuclear weapon,
2672
02:44:49,321 --> 02:44:50,793
would you have been opposed
to the dropping of it?
2673
02:44:50,835 --> 02:44:52,791
This was not a problem
with which I was confronted.
2674
02:44:52,793 --> 02:44:54,418
Well, I'm confronting
you with it now, sir.
2675
02:44:54,543 --> 02:44:55,835
It was all part of his plan.
2676
02:44:56,043 --> 02:44:59,918
He wanted the glorious,
insincere guilt of the self-important
2677
02:44:59,960 --> 02:45:02,335
to wear like a fucking crown and say,
2678
02:45:02,377 --> 02:45:07,377
"No, we cannot go down this road,"
even as he knew we'd have to.
2679
02:45:07,710 --> 02:45:10,511
Would you have been opposed
to the dropping of a thermonuclear weapon
2680
02:45:10,535 --> 02:45:13,240
on Japan because of moral scruples?
-Yes, I believe I would, sir.
2681
02:45:13,333 --> 02:45:15,627
Did you oppose the dropping
of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima
2682
02:45:15,668 --> 02:45:16,749
because of moral scruples?
2683
02:45:16,850 --> 02:45:19,210
We set forth our...
-No, you, you, you, you!
2684
02:45:19,252 --> 02:45:20,293
I'm asking you...
-I set...
2685
02:45:20,335 --> 02:45:22,710
You, you, you!
-I set forth our arguments
2686
02:45:22,752 --> 02:45:24,756
against dropping it,
but I did not endorse them.
2687
02:45:25,002 --> 02:45:28,002
You mean after working night and day
for three years building the bomb,
2688
02:45:28,168 --> 02:45:30,053
you then argued against the use of it?
2689
02:45:30,418 --> 02:45:34,127
I was asked by the Secretary of War
what the views of scientists were.
2690
02:45:34,168 --> 02:45:36,627
I gave them the views against
and the views for.
2691
02:45:36,668 --> 02:45:38,585
You supported the dropping
of the atom bomb
2692
02:45:38,627 --> 02:45:39,835
on Japan, didn't you?
-What do you mean...
2693
02:45:39,877 --> 02:45:41,466
You supported it...
-What do you mean, support?
2694
02:45:41,543 --> 02:45:43,093
Well, you helped pick
the target, didn't you?
2695
02:45:43,124 --> 02:45:46,543
I did my job. I was not in a
policy-making position at Los Alamos.
2696
02:45:46,627 --> 02:45:48,584
I would have done anything
I was asked to do.
2697
02:45:48,632 --> 02:45:50,960
Well, then, you would have built
the H-bomb too, wouldn't you?
2698
02:45:51,002 --> 02:45:53,266
But I couldn't...
-I didn't ask you that, Doctor!
2699
02:45:53,460 --> 02:45:57,710
And the GAC report, which you co-authored
after the Soviet atomic test said:
2700
02:45:57,833 --> 02:46:00,793
"A Super bomb should never be built!"
2701
02:46:00,875 --> 02:46:02,108
What we meant, what I meant...
2702
02:46:02,250 --> 02:46:03,750
What you, who?
-Look, what I meant...
2703
02:46:03,792 --> 02:46:04,811
Who?
2704
02:46:05,958 --> 02:46:08,792
Well, wouldn't the Russians do anything
to increase their strength?
2705
02:46:09,667 --> 02:46:11,708
If we did it, they would have to do it!
2706
02:46:11,750 --> 02:46:13,833
Our efforts would only fuel their efforts,
2707
02:46:13,875 --> 02:46:15,792
just as it had with the atomic bomb!
2708
02:46:16,042 --> 02:46:18,458
Just as it had with the
atomic bomb, exactly!
2709
02:46:19,750 --> 02:46:23,750
No moral scruples in 1945, plenty in 1949.
2710
02:46:28,250 --> 02:46:29,277
Dr. Oppenheimer...
2711
02:46:31,667 --> 02:46:36,042
when did your strong moral convictions
develop with respect to the hydrogen bomb?
2712
02:46:44,126 --> 02:46:45,584
When it became clear to me
2713
02:46:47,251 --> 02:46:50,084
that we would tend
to use any weapon we had.
2714
02:46:53,492 --> 02:46:58,126
J. Robert Oppenheimer the martyr,
I gave him exactly what he wanted.
2715
02:46:58,917 --> 02:47:00,398
To be remembered for Trinity,
2716
02:47:00,549 --> 02:47:02,334
not Hiroshima!
2717
02:47:03,209 --> 02:47:05,209
Not Nagasaki!
2718
02:47:08,334 --> 02:47:09,834
He should be thanking me.
2719
02:47:11,167 --> 02:47:12,168
Well, he's not.
2720
02:47:15,751 --> 02:47:17,126
Do we still have enough votes?
2721
02:47:17,417 --> 02:47:19,232
Or is the crowning moment of my career
2722
02:47:19,256 --> 02:47:22,209
about to become the most
public humiliation of my life?
2723
02:47:23,235 --> 02:47:24,667
Full Senate's about to vote.
2724
02:47:25,876 --> 02:47:26,856
You'll scrape through.
2725
02:47:26,913 --> 02:47:28,709
Great, then gather the fucking press.
2726
02:47:28,792 --> 02:47:31,421
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, this board,
2727
02:47:31,584 --> 02:47:33,626
having heard testimony from you
2728
02:47:33,667 --> 02:47:36,499
and many of your current
and former colleagues,
2729
02:47:37,001 --> 02:47:40,834
has come to the unanimous conclusion
that you are a loyal citizen.
2730
02:47:43,459 --> 02:47:44,473
However...
2731
02:47:45,292 --> 02:47:48,626
In the light of your
continuing associations,
2732
02:47:48,667 --> 02:47:51,792
and disregard for the security
apparatus of this country,
2733
02:47:52,251 --> 02:47:55,542
together with your
somewhat disturbing conduct
2734
02:47:55,626 --> 02:47:57,292
on the hydrogen bomb program,
2735
02:47:57,959 --> 02:47:59,376
and the regrettable lack of candor
2736
02:47:59,417 --> 02:48:01,417
in certain of your
responses to this board,
2737
02:48:02,459 --> 02:48:04,126
we have voted, two-to-one,
2738
02:48:05,292 --> 02:48:08,334
to deny the renewal
of your security clearance.
2739
02:48:08,459 --> 02:48:11,495
A full written opinion,
with a dissent from Mr. Evans,
2740
02:48:11,959 --> 02:48:14,501
will be issued to the AEC
in the coming days.
2741
02:48:15,042 --> 02:48:16,042
That is all.
2742
02:48:27,002 --> 02:48:28,002
Robert.
2743
02:48:29,126 --> 02:48:30,126
Robert.
2744
02:48:33,292 --> 02:48:34,292
Don't...
2745
02:48:37,292 --> 02:48:38,459
Don't take in the sheets.
2746
02:48:44,526 --> 02:48:46,251
Two minutes. Two minutes!
2747
02:48:46,834 --> 02:48:47,959
You'll get your shot!
2748
02:48:51,959 --> 02:48:53,417
Is it official?
2749
02:48:55,376 --> 02:48:58,915
Well, there were a couple
of unexpected holdouts.
2750
02:49:04,334 --> 02:49:06,251
I'm denied. Yeah?
2751
02:49:07,084 --> 02:49:08,583
I'm afraid so, sir.
-Alright.
2752
02:49:16,501 --> 02:49:17,584
Who were the holdouts?
2753
02:49:17,785 --> 02:49:20,511
Um, there were three.
2754
02:49:20,644 --> 02:49:23,126
Led by the junior senator
from Massachusetts.
2755
02:49:23,214 --> 02:49:24,834
Young guy trying to make
a name for himself,
2756
02:49:24,876 --> 02:49:26,751
didn't like what you did to Oppenheimer.
2757
02:49:27,751 --> 02:49:28,736
What's his name?
2758
02:49:29,501 --> 02:49:31,042
Uh, Kennedy.
2759
02:49:31,477 --> 02:49:32,501
John F. Kennedy.
2760
02:49:36,557 --> 02:49:37,544
Kitty?
2761
02:49:44,001 --> 02:49:47,369
Did you think that if you
let them tar and feather you,
2762
02:49:47,709 --> 02:49:49,334
then the world would forgive you?
2763
02:49:53,369 --> 02:49:54,369
It won't.
2764
02:49:57,141 --> 02:49:58,141
We'll see.
2765
02:50:12,766 --> 02:50:14,251
You told me I'd be okay.
2766
02:50:15,001 --> 02:50:17,070
Yeah, well, I didn't have
all the facts, did I?
2767
02:50:17,209 --> 02:50:18,227
Here's a fact.
2768
02:50:18,417 --> 02:50:22,084
President Eisenhower pinned the
Medal of Freedom on my chest last year,
2769
02:50:22,459 --> 02:50:24,667
because I've always done
what's right for this country.
2770
02:50:24,959 --> 02:50:28,667
They don't want me in the cabinet room?
Well, that's... that's fine.
2771
02:50:29,626 --> 02:50:31,792
Maybe they should just
invite Oppenheimer instead.
2772
02:50:32,022 --> 02:50:33,042
Maybe they will.
2773
02:50:34,000 --> 02:50:36,985
I told you. He turned
the scientists against me,
2774
02:50:37,063 --> 02:50:39,084
one by one, starting with Einstein.
2775
02:50:39,126 --> 02:50:41,709
I told you about that. Einstein.
Einstein by the pond.
2776
02:50:41,751 --> 02:50:44,108
You did, but you know, sir,
since nobody...
2777
02:50:44,667 --> 02:50:47,042
really knows what they
said to each other that day,
2778
02:50:47,084 --> 02:50:50,209
is it possible they didn't
talk about you at all?
2779
02:50:50,876 --> 02:50:52,917
Is it possible they spoke
about something, uh...
2780
02:50:54,084 --> 02:50:55,126
more important?
2781
02:51:10,459 --> 02:51:11,464
Thank you.
2782
02:51:12,001 --> 02:51:13,000
Albert.
2783
02:51:16,376 --> 02:51:17,709
The man of the moment.
2784
02:51:22,042 --> 02:51:26,204
You once held a reception
for me in Berkeley.
2785
02:51:26,251 --> 02:51:28,268
You gave me an award, hmm?
-Yes.
2786
02:51:29,709 --> 02:51:34,209
You all thought that I had lost the
ability to understand what I'd started.
2787
02:51:35,151 --> 02:51:36,151
So...
2788
02:51:36,542 --> 02:51:40,464
The award really wasn't for me,
it was for all of you, hmm?
2789
02:51:42,792 --> 02:51:44,501
Now it's your turn
2790
02:51:45,001 --> 02:51:49,084
to deal with the consequences
of your achievement.
2791
02:51:50,626 --> 02:51:53,751
And one day, when they've
punished you enough,
2792
02:51:56,209 --> 02:51:59,584
they'll serve you salmon and potato salad.
2793
02:52:04,251 --> 02:52:05,292
Make speeches.
2794
02:52:06,913 --> 02:52:08,042
Give you a medal.
2795
02:52:10,542 --> 02:52:11,562
Hello, Frank.
2796
02:52:12,210 --> 02:52:13,667
You're happy, I'm happy.
2797
02:52:20,543 --> 02:52:22,876
Pat you on the back,
tell you all is forgiven.
2798
02:52:25,001 --> 02:52:26,126
Just remember...
2799
02:52:28,174 --> 02:52:29,792
it won't be for you.
2800
02:52:35,043 --> 02:52:36,167
It'll be for them.
2801
02:52:50,048 --> 02:52:51,048
Albert...
2802
02:52:53,293 --> 02:52:55,792
when I came to you
with those calculations,
2803
02:52:56,501 --> 02:52:58,501
we thought we might start a chain reaction
2804
02:52:58,542 --> 02:53:01,626
that would destroy the entire world.
2805
02:53:03,459 --> 02:53:06,418
I remember it well. What of it?
2806
02:53:10,418 --> 02:53:11,500
I believe we did.
219887
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