All language subtitles for BBC The Hunt 1of7 The.Hardest Challenge

The duels between hunters and hunted

are as dramatic as any event
in the natural world.

The stakes could not be higher.

For both,
it's a matter of life and death.

Yet, surprisingly,
it's the hunters that usually fail.

To have any chance of survival,

predators must be perfectly tuned
to their own hunting arenas.

Every habitat brings
a different challenge.

This series will reveal,
as never before,

the extraordinary range of strategies
predators use to catch their prey.

But even for the most skilful...

..success is never guaranteed.

SCREECHING

SNIFFS

BARKS

BARKS

BARKS

BARKS

A female leopard on the prowl.

Few predators instil more fear.

SNIFFS

Yet, out in the open,

she has little chance
of catching anything.

To succeed, she must get within
a few metres of her prey...

undetected.

Her strategy is to use cover,

wearing it like a cloak
of invisibility.

She's an expert in stealth.

Impala are her favourite prey.

This one is just out of her range.

SNIFFS

She needs to get closer,
within four metres.

She only has a short burst of speed.

She must stay hidden
until she's in the strike zone.

TWIG SNAPS

But out of sight
doesn't mean out of mind.

Impala have acute hearing
and a superb sense of smell.

SNIFFS

Now the only prey she can see
is right out in the open.

But leopards are the most versatile
of all the big cats,

adept at finding cover
in the most unpromising places.

The steep walls of the gully
are now her cover for an ambush.

The male puku is close enough,
but he's too big to tackle.

She needs to slip past him
without being seen.

If he spots her,
he'll blow her cover.

SNIFFS

Slowly does it...

To succeed here,

she needs to find prey
grazing close to the edge.

Or better still,

in the gully itself.

Frustration.

Success would have staved off hunger
for a week.

But while there's prey around,
there's hope.

Peeking over the top is a risk,

but it's the quickest way
to find a new target.

SNIFFS

A burst of speed of 40mph

and it's all over
in less than six seconds.

Except...it isn't.

Dazed and disorientated,

the impala
makes a miraculous escape.

It's been the perfect stealth hunt

and she's nothing to show for it.

But then, six out of seven
leopard hunts end in failure.

A leopard's hunting strategy
depends on finding cover.

But how do you catch your prey

in a place where there's
literally nowhere to hide?

That's the challenge facing
Zambia's wild dogs.

This close-knit pack
is made up of one adult female

and her 12 offspring from last year.

Unlike the solitary leopard,

wild dogs depend for their survival
on teamwork.

Dogs that play together...

work together.

Each morning, the pack heads
out across the open plain,

prospecting for prey.

Mother decides
which direction they go.

The rest stay close.

They'll keep going for miles until
they find the right kind of prey.

Adult zebra are too big a challenge.

And the same goes for tsessebe.

An oribi is an easier target.

But is it worth the effort,

especially on an oribi
that's as fit and bouncy as this one?

Better to save their energy
for something bigger.

A wildebeest.

It's what they've been looking for.

The dogs need to make
the wildebeest run.

Their success will depend on
wearing him down in a long chase.

While the prey's running,
the dogs have the advantage.

But when the wildebeest stand
their ground, the tables are turned.

Faced with a wall of horns,

the pack is powerless.

But not all the wildebeest
have had the courage to stop.

Now the real contest begins.

The wildebeest are big and strong.

But the dogs have stamina.

Right now, hunters and hunted
are clocking 40mph.

The pack can keep this pace up
for miles.

The wildebeest can't.

One wildebeest peels off.

Then another two.

The split confuses
the inexperienced pack,

sending them in different directions.

The mother and one youngster
continue on.

The rest of the pack stop,
believing they have an easier target.

It's a mistake.

Like a beast with two heads,
each bull protects the other's rear.

And the dogs can do nothing.

Ahead, the chase continues.

Another wildebeest peels off.

Now the mother has just one
in her sights.

But it will mean nothing without
the help of the rest of the pack.

The situation here
has reached stalemate.

The young dogs
have lost valuable time.

They must try and catch up
with their mother.

Back at the front,
the mother is beginning to tire.

And the wildebeest knows it,

bouncing to show he's still strong
and not worth chasing.

But fresh, young legs
are catching up fast.

When one dog tires,

there's always another member
of the team to take up the lead.

The dogs now have the numbers
to bring the wildebeest down.

Each bite risks a broken jaw,

but going for the legs
is the only way to stop it.

And they must do so before it reaches
the safety of the herd,

a few hundred metres ahead.

After a 20-minute chase,
the bull's energy is near spent.

This time there will be no sanctuary
within the herd.

The dogs' stamina has been rewarded.

All they must do now is to bring
their quarry to the ground.

Working as a pack

allows wild dogs to take on prey
ten times heavier

than any one of them.

But many mouths need a lot of food.

The price they pay for these numbers

is knowing they'll have to attempt
the same thing again tomorrow...

and every day.

Teamwork and stamina
on Africa's open plains

have proved to be
a winning combination.

But in the dense and complex world
of the jungle,

hunting is a never-ending game
of hide and seek.

Here, it pays to sit still...

..and blend in...

..because you just never know
who's watching.

The Parson's chameleon is an expert

in the see-and-not-be-seen game.

It lets its eyes do all the work...

..while the rest of its body
moves in slow motion,

so as not to scare possible targets.

The problem is that
it can only see prey if it moves.

So is this a stick insect...

..or a stick?

Ah-hah...

Time to unleash its secret weapon...

..a tongue longer than its body.

The Parson's close cousin,
the nasutum chameleon,

has the same weapon,
but in miniature.

As small as a matchstick, he needs
to get much closer to its prey.

But even with eyes
as big as its stomach,

this isn't the meal deal
he was hoping for.

In the jungle, it's hard finding
the right-sized prey

when you're a tiny predator.

Promising opportunities

can quickly turn to disappointment.

Spotting any kind of prey
in this dense, green world

is hard.

If you do find something, you want
to make sure it doesn't escape.

The praying mantis has arms

that can strike ten times faster
than a blink of the eye.

And it's the only insect
known to see in 3D.

Perfect for judging strike distances.

But like the chameleon,

her problem is seeing prey
when it freezes.

She needs some movement
to be sure it's food.

Just the tiniest sign of life.

Yep, that's done it.

The lightning strike has given her
the edge over her insect prey,

but it doesn't pay to be complacent.

In the jungle arms race,

only too often there's someone else
with a more powerful weapon.

And there's one predator
that has, perhaps,

the most ingenious answer of all
to the jungle's challenge.

It lives along rivers
in the rainforests of Madagascar.

The insects it hunts fly down
the same jungle corridors.

But there's a problem.

It's a web-building spider.

So how does it get over the river
to hunt?

It's called Darwin's bark spider

and the female
has a remarkable strategy.

Like a real-life Spider-Woman,

she sprays strands of silk
in one long, continuous flow.

The threads fan out like a sail

and drift on air currents
blowing across the water.

Every few seconds,
she crimps the strands together

to stop them spreading too widely.

The breeze will do the rest,

blowing the threads into
a single line and a 25-metre bridge.

Now she must reinforce her bridge,
because her web will hang from it.

But there's something bouncing
the line at the other end.

Another Darwin's spider is trying
to take advantage of her hard work.

She must deal with the intruder
head on.

The cut line is an inconvenience,

but no more than that.

With hooks on the tips of each leg,
she gathers in the thread.

It won't go to waste,
as she'll eat it later.

When it's all reeled in,
she sprays again.

Out streams another
25-metre bridging line.

How a spider,
no bigger than a thumbnail,

can produce so much silk so quickly

has baffled scientists.

And it's no ordinary silk.

It's the toughest natural fibre
on the planet,

tougher than steel.

And it needs to be tough
to span the wide river.

With the bridge taut

and the ground anchor in place,

it's time to construct her trap.

These spiders can build
the world's largest orb webs,

up to two metres wide.

A few hours from the first spray
of bridging line,

the job is done.

Now her strategy is simple...

..sit and wait.

And there's one final bout
of silk production...

..shrink-wrapping her food for later.

Not all rivers
provide their predators

with a steady supply of prey.

On the Grumeti River in Tanzania

lives the planet's
most patient predator.

A Nile crocodile.

Five metres long,

700 kilos

and very hungry.

His last square meal
was nearly a year ago.

The river's other residents
aren't food...

..just a distraction.

He is waiting for something bigger

from over the horizon.

But beyond the big croc's
isolated river,

there's still no sign
of the migratory herds

he depends on for survival.

Other, smaller crocs
are waiting, too...

..but their meal ticket depends on
the hunting skills of the big guy.

The herds could be here in a week,
or a month.

In rare years, not at all.

Until then,
the crocs must conserve their energy.

GRUNTING AND MOOING

Finally, the sound
they've all been waiting for.

The herds have arrived.

It's time for the crocs
to get into position.

All eyes will be on the big guy.

Only he has the power
to tackle a full-grown wildebeest.

The year-long wait is almost over.

After months on the march, the
wildebeest are desperate to drink.

But experience has taught the adults
to be cautious.

The water is just too inviting
for a calf,

unaware of the dangers within.

But every wildebeest
must take its chances...

..and hope that its reflexes
are faster

than what many know
lurks in the murky waters.

Just a harmless hippo.

That was no hippo.

It's put the wildebeest more on edge.

But here,
fear always gives way to thirst.

Catching the wildebeest
is all about timing.

The big croc's technique is rusty.

It's been a whole year
since his last hunt

and he's out of practice.

But this isn't the end of the drama,
just an intermission.

For the next two weeks,

waves of wildebeest
will pass through the Grumeti.

Time for the big croc
to try a different tactic.

The floating log.

He's hoping the wildebeest won't
notice him until it's too late.

Now the smaller crocs move in.

The big croc will need their help
to tear off chunks.

Crocs can't chew,
so they have to spin together

to tear pieces off the carcass.

Everyone gets their share...

..and it's all thanks to the big guy.

He won't feed again until
the wildebeest return next year.

Across the globe, millions of animals
are continuously on the move

in search of seasonal food.

But it's not just prey animals
that must migrate.

Some predators have to journey, too.

Amur falcons are one of the world's
greatest long-distance travellers.

As their prey dries up
in their breeding grounds in Siberia,

they embark on an epic migration
to Southern Africa,

crossing 14 countries,
two continents and one ocean.

Only here, in this remote valley
in northeast India,

do they join forces.

A million falcons

and the greatest gathering
of birds of prey on the planet.

This valley is a vital pit stop
on the falcons' migration.

The tiny raptors can go no further

until they build up
their fat reserves...

..and they've timed
their arrival here perfectly.

For just a few weeks each year,
winged termites, alates,

leave the safety of their mounds
in millions.

High in calories, these alates
are exactly what the falcons need

to fuel their oceanic crossing,

the longest made
by any bird of prey.

To have any chance
of surviving their journey,

they must nearly double their weight
in just two weeks.

Those that make it to South Africa

will have to do the whole trip
back again in four months' time.

For Amur falcons,

survival means flying 14,000 miles
every year of their lives.

For some predators, it's not
the distance they have to travel

that's their greatest challenge,

but the size of their prey.

And few challenges come bigger
than the one in this ocean.

Each year, female humpback whales

journey from their feeding grounds
in Antarctica to Australia

to have their calves.

These calm, warm waters
are a perfect nursery.

Perfect, but for one thing.

Orcas, killer whales.

They appear
just as the migration begins.

And they're on the hunt for calves.

Highly intelligent, orca are
the ocean's most successful predator.

When hunting,
they can travel at 30mph...

..twice as fast
as a mother and calf.

The hunters close in silently.

It's only now that the mother
realises they've been followed.

The orca have the advantage
of numbers,

but they need to be cautious.

The mother's rear is protected
by a five-metre-wide tail

that could slice through them.

Her flanks are defended by a pair
of long, barnacle-covered flippers.

And in the middle is the calf,

riding high on its mother's back
and out of reach.

To separate mother from calf,

the orca must use
all their intelligence.

They take it in turns

to try and wave wash the baby
away from its mother.

In a month, the calf would be strong
enough to withstand the onslaught.

Not now.

But then the tables are turned.

A male humpback arrives, driving
the orca away with its flippers.

And the situation worsens
when a second male appears.

Now the pod face the power
of three 40-tonne whales,

and the escorts
make their weight count.

The bubbles are like a smokescreen,

blocking the orcas' vision
and sonar.

There's a real danger
of being injured

by an unseen fluke or flipper.

With the escorts defending
both sides of the mother,

the killer whales
have been outmanoeuvred.

As the orca retreat, the escorts
drive home their advantage,

pushing the hunters further away.

It's an error of judgment.

With mother and calf unprotected,

the orca double back
before the humpbacks can react.

The killer whales separate the calf
from its mother.

They push the calf underwater

and drown it.

The intelligent hunters
have turned defeat into victory.

The orcas' prize is so large that
sharks are quick to take advantage.

Through intelligence,
stamina and teamwork,

the orca have mastered
the ocean's greatest challenge.

Yet even they fail
as often as they succeed.

Most predators fail
most of the time.

It's what makes them
the hardest-working animals

on the planet.

The pressure is even greater
when they have other mouths to feed.

At eight months old,

these cubs are still
totally dependent on their mother.

To support them she must kill
something large, like a gazelle,

nearly every day.

But these youngsters are proof

that she has overcome the challenge
of their habitat.

Few cheetah mothers get this far
with four cubs.

If the cubs are to survive
without her,

they must watch their mother
carefully

and learn the strategies for hunting
on the open plains.

There's a lot to take in.

They'll need to learn

that their top speed can only
be sustained for a few seconds.

They'll have to master how to match
the twisting turns of the prey,

so they get close enough to trip it.

And they will soon learn
the margin for error is tiny.

The odds are against them.

90% of cheetah cubs

never make it
to their second birthday.

Even with this experienced mother,

the future for this family
is far from certain.

All any predator can do
is to keep on trying.

For The Hunt team,

filming a Nile crocodile
capturing a wildebeest

would require the same skill,
patience and reactions

as the five-metre reptile.

The timing of the shoot
would also be critical,

since this behaviour only happens

when the crocs' river
is at its lowest point.

But things get off
to the worst possible start -

the river in flood
in the middle of the dry season.

What we hoped for
was that the Grumeti River

would be just a series of pools

full of crocodiles.

They're probably scattered over
30 or 40 miles of river.

So we've got to wait
for two things -

the crocs to bunch up
and the wildebeest to come.

As well as Mark,
this small crew includes son Jacca

and camerawoman and wife Vicky.

Are you keeping watch?

I am. I'm watching my son
and my husband

in a very deep, muddy river
with lots of crocodiles!

You could lose a large part of your
family here if you're not careful.

Yeah. Basically, half of us
could be wiped out.

These crocs hunt by stealth

and they can sneak up
in this dark, murky water

right to the edge of the bank.

So the golden rule of filming here

is to be one metre from the water.

Not to be outdone by the floodwater,

the team sets up the first hide.

But any idea of filming
is soon swept away.

Literally, within half an hour,
an hour,

I felt water around my ankles.

If I was still in that hide, then he
definitely wouldn't be on the bank.

We're not going to go in and get it.

The water the colour it is

and knowing that
he's got friends around,

who could be literally
just at the base there.

With a flooded river
and no wildebeest,

the wait was going to be longer
than expected.

Crocs are used to being patient.

But now we've got to show
equal patience.

Leaving the raging river,

the team go in search
of the migrating wildebeest,

to see just how far they are
from the Grumeti.

I think we should go over
the other side

and then we'll get a sense
of the number.

Should be up here.
Do you want to take the controls?
I'll take the controls.

It's some time
before they find the wildebeest

on the Serengeti's vast plains.

Loads there. Loads?

Yeah, spread all the way across...
Oh, OK!

Fantastic. How far away are we?

70 miles away.

Still a long way from the Grumeti,

but at least the wildebeest
were heading in the right direction.

MARK TALKS INDISTINCTLY

but, in the meantime,
we can hopefully pick up

these intimate moments
with these really huge crocs.

Finding the biggest
and most dominant croc

would be key to the team's success.

Only the top croc would be
powerful enough to grab a wildebeest.

To find their star,

Mark and Vicky would need to look out
for territorial behaviour.

Today it's sunny
and it's early in the morning.

I'm full of hope.

But at the end of the day,
all Mark sees is one static croc.

He lay on the sandbank all day,
I guess, seven hours.

Urgh! Patience.

And Vicky wasn't having
much luck, either.

When we first found it, there were
crocs all over the bank over there

and now I've been in here
several hours and there's not one.

After a week,

Mark and Vicky are no closer
to finding their dominant croc.

But at least the news
on the wildebeest was more positive.

34 miles. Getting closer.

Back on the river,
it was like Groundhog Day.

Crocs are all-or-nothing creatures.

And I'm afraid it's been another day
of nothing.

With no sign of any action, the hours
of watching motionless crocs

were beginning to take their toll.

It's like watching paint dry.

Well, that was useless.

Utterly useless.

The crocs just didn't come.

The team needed something to change

and the falling water
seemed a good omen.

This is what the floodwaters
left us - the lower jaw of a croc.

And look at that.
I mean, it's...it's heavy.

This has come from a croc
who must be at least five metres.

And they're down there.

Don't step too close to the water,
sweetheart.

I got too excited by the jaw!

And with the water dropping,

excitement was finally rising
amongst the crocs.

Well, that felt so different
this morning.

It really felt like
there was an energy there...

..that hasn't been there for weeks.

And it isn't long before the team
find their dominant croc.

The big territorial male, who we
hope will do most of the hunting,

has been very active this morning.

He's been displaying,
really patrolling this stretch.

With a big croc to focus on,

all they needed now
were the wildebeest.

Mark and Vicky take to the skies
to check on their progress.

Look, right as far as you can see...

The crocs might actually get a meal.
That's great, Vick.

The wildebeest were, at last, less
than a day away from the Grumeti.

Mark and Vicky take up positions
on either side of the river.

WHISPERS: We can see wildebeest

just trying to come down,

but they're just so nervous.

After such a long wait,
it's a tense time.

Success for crew and croc

will depend on
split-second reactions.

For the big croc,
the first session ends in failure.

It's very easy to have empathy for
the animals that are being hunted,

but I have to say that,
in this instance...

..my sympathies are all with
the crocs.

We've just seen how,
over the past month,

they've had nothing to eat at all

and that's been what they've
experienced for the last year.

And it's a few days
before the wildebeest return.

It's 12 o'clock.

Very hot,
but I can hear the wildebeest again.

There's a baby going in
a bit further.

Come on...

Something's got to happen.

Yeah, now he's right out there.

Croc's right there next to him.

Oh, God, you can see the croc
underneath the surface.

You can just see the swirl
and just the dark shape.

And there he goes! Oh!

Urgh!

And he missed him again.

Yeah, at this time of the year,
it's absolutely crucial for them.

If they don't feed now,
then they're in dire straits.

Oh, here they come.

Thirsty innocence.

Come on, guys. That's better.

Come on, you can do it.

Got two there now, coming down
on their knees next to them.

Come on, you can do it.

Just one footstep further out.

That's all that croc needs.

Oh, yeah, yeah.

Go on...

There he goes!

Well, that was amazing.
I mean, just...

It suddenly happened.

Trying to work out where the crocs
were underwater was a nightmare!

That was so intense.

One minute, there was nothing.

And the next minute, the bank was
covered in wildebeest and then...

one was taken.

But I got it!

Next time, the hunt is on
in the frozen north,

the High Arctic.

One of the toughest places on Earth
in which to make a living.

To succeed here, a predator
must exploit the few good times...

..to endure the bad.

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