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1
00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:12,074
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2
00:01:17,375 --> 00:01:19,041
Dr. Oppenheimer.
3
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Dr. Oppenheimer.
4
00:01:23,083 --> 00:01:26,208
As we begin, I believe you have
a statement to read into the record.
5
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Yes, your honor.
6
00:01:29,583 --> 00:01:32,625
We're not judges, Doctor.
-No.
7
00:01:33,916 --> 00:01:34,917
Of course.
8
00:01:40,583 --> 00:01:42,333
Members of the security board,
9
00:01:43,583 --> 00:01:47,333
the so-called interrogatory information
in your indictment of me
10
00:01:47,416 --> 00:01:50,208
cannot be fairly understood
except in the context
11
00:01:50,291 --> 00:01:52,250
of my life, and my work.
12
00:01:53,083 --> 00:01:54,500
How long did he testify?
13
00:01:55,708 --> 00:01:57,166
Honestly, I forget.
14
00:01:59,000 --> 00:02:00,875
The whole hearing took a month.
15
00:02:01,083 --> 00:02:04,041
An ordeal.
-Oh, I've only read the transcripts.
16
00:02:07,083 --> 00:02:09,416
Who'd want to justify their whole life?
-You weren't there?
17
00:02:09,791 --> 00:02:11,208
As chairman, I wasn't allowed to be.
18
00:02:11,833 --> 00:02:13,583
Are they really going to ask about it?
19
00:02:14,458 --> 00:02:15,916
It was years ago.
20
00:02:15,958 --> 00:02:17,375
Four years ago.
-Five.
21
00:02:18,625 --> 00:02:20,251
Oppenheimer still divides America.
22
00:02:20,274 --> 00:02:22,274
The committee's going to want
to know where you stood.
23
00:02:23,416 --> 00:02:26,875
Senator Thurmond asked me to say
not to feel that you're on trial.
24
00:02:27,041 --> 00:02:30,000
Oh, funny. I didn't,
until you just said that.
25
00:02:30,333 --> 00:02:31,875
Really, Mr. Strauss...
-It's Admiral.
26
00:02:32,041 --> 00:02:35,291
Admiral. Admiral Strauss,
this is a formality.
27
00:02:35,333 --> 00:02:37,416
President Eisenhower has
asked you to be in his cabinet.
28
00:02:37,625 --> 00:02:39,417
The Senate really has no choice
but to confirm him.
29
00:02:39,440 --> 00:02:41,208
And if they bring up Oppenheimer?
30
00:02:41,833 --> 00:02:44,167
When they bring up Oppenheimer,
you answer honestly,
31
00:02:44,190 --> 00:02:46,250
no senator can deny you did your duty.
32
00:02:46,541 --> 00:02:48,000
It'll be uncomfortable.
33
00:02:49,003 --> 00:02:50,541
Who'd want to justify their whole life?
34
00:02:56,333 --> 00:02:57,875
Why did you leave the United States?
35
00:03:00,583 --> 00:03:03,875
I... I wanted to study the new physics.
36
00:03:04,083 --> 00:03:05,333
Was there nowhere here?
37
00:03:06,250 --> 00:03:09,083
I thought Berkeley had the leading
theoretical physics department.
38
00:03:09,916 --> 00:03:11,750
Yes, once I built it.
39
00:03:12,500 --> 00:03:13,751
But first I had to go to Europe.
40
00:03:13,774 --> 00:03:16,833
I went to Cambridge,
to study under Patrick Blackett.
41
00:03:17,166 --> 00:03:18,916
Were you happier there than in America?
42
00:03:20,250 --> 00:03:21,583
Happier?
-Yes.
43
00:03:26,041 --> 00:03:27,041
No.
44
00:03:27,500 --> 00:03:28,708
No, I, uh...
45
00:03:31,583 --> 00:03:33,583
I was homesick and...
46
00:03:34,499 --> 00:03:36,166
emotionally immature...
47
00:03:37,500 --> 00:03:39,875
Troubled by visions of a...
48
00:03:40,625 --> 00:03:42,916
hidden universe.
49
00:03:54,500 --> 00:03:55,583
Useless in the lab.
50
00:04:00,583 --> 00:04:02,041
Christ, Oppenheimer.
51
00:04:03,245 --> 00:04:04,416
Have you had any sleep?
52
00:04:07,041 --> 00:04:08,042
Start again.
53
00:04:08,541 --> 00:04:09,833
I need to go to a lecture, sir.
54
00:04:10,875 --> 00:04:11,875
Why?
55
00:04:12,416 --> 00:04:13,416
It's Niels Bohr.
56
00:04:16,500 --> 00:04:17,666
I completely forgot.
57
00:04:18,791 --> 00:04:20,583
Alright! Let's go.
58
00:04:23,166 --> 00:04:24,541
Oh no, not you, Oppenheimer.
59
00:04:24,875 --> 00:04:26,208
You finish coating those plates.
60
00:05:06,666 --> 00:05:10,376
Quantum physics is not a step forward.
61
00:05:10,458 --> 00:05:14,208
It is a new way to understand reality.
62
00:05:14,315 --> 00:05:16,126
Einstein's opened the door.
63
00:05:16,149 --> 00:05:20,350
Now we are peering through,
seeing a world inside our world,
64
00:05:20,541 --> 00:05:26,125
a world of energy and paradox
that not everyone can accept.
65
00:06:09,625 --> 00:06:10,624
You alright?
66
00:06:11,625 --> 00:06:13,958
Nils, meet J. Robert Oppenheimer.
67
00:06:14,333 --> 00:06:15,833
What's the J stand for?
68
00:06:16,041 --> 00:06:17,376
Nothing, apparently.
69
00:06:17,399 --> 00:06:19,875
You were at my lecture.
You asked the only good question.
70
00:06:20,083 --> 00:06:21,500
No one's denying his insight.
71
00:06:21,666 --> 00:06:24,041
It's his laboratory work that
leaves a little to be desired.
72
00:06:25,375 --> 00:06:26,376
I heard you give the same answer...
73
00:06:26,399 --> 00:06:28,416
At Harvard, yes, and you
asked the same question.
74
00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:30,083
Why ask again?
75
00:06:30,241 --> 00:06:31,500
I hadn't liked your answer.
76
00:06:33,143 --> 00:06:35,583
Did you like it better yesterday?
-A lot.
77
00:06:35,886 --> 00:06:40,375
You can lift a stone without being
ready for the snake that's revealed.
78
00:06:40,625 --> 00:06:42,083
Now it seems you're ready.
79
00:06:42,833 --> 00:06:44,250
But you don't enjoy the lab.
80
00:06:45,416 --> 00:06:48,001
So get out of Cambridge,
with its beakers and potions.
81
00:06:48,024 --> 00:06:50,208
Go somewhere they'll let you think.
82
00:06:51,625 --> 00:06:52,625
Where?
83
00:06:54,250 --> 00:06:55,916
Gรถttingen.
-Born.
84
00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:57,017
Born.
85
00:06:57,041 --> 00:07:01,083
Get to Germany, study under Max Born,
learn the ways of theory.
86
00:07:01,875 --> 00:07:02,875
I'll send word.
87
00:07:03,833 --> 00:07:04,833
Worm hole.
88
00:07:07,291 --> 00:07:08,250
How's your mathematics?
89
00:07:08,291 --> 00:07:10,375
Not good enough for the
physicist he wants to be.
90
00:07:10,500 --> 00:07:12,834
Algebra's like sheet music,
91
00:07:12,857 --> 00:07:16,458
the important thing isn't can you
read music, it's can you hear it.
92
00:07:16,750 --> 00:07:18,833
Can you hear the music, Robert?
93
00:07:20,332 --> 00:07:21,335
Yes, I can.
94
00:08:57,650 --> 00:08:59,250
The senator from Wyoming.
95
00:09:00,192 --> 00:09:02,875
Admiral Strauss, I'm interested
in your relationship
96
00:09:02,916 --> 00:09:04,583
with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
97
00:09:04,794 --> 00:09:06,541
You met him in 1947.
98
00:09:07,476 --> 00:09:08,458
Correct.
99
00:09:08,916 --> 00:09:10,916
You were a commissioner
of the Atomic Energy Commission.
100
00:09:11,500 --> 00:09:15,219
I was, but I actually
met Robert in my capacity
101
00:09:15,266 --> 00:09:19,416
as board member of the Institute
for Advanced Study at Princeton. It was...
102
00:09:20,042 --> 00:09:23,308
after the war, he was world-renowned
as the great man of physics,
103
00:09:23,375 --> 00:09:27,625
and I was determined to
get him to run the Institute.
104
00:09:37,291 --> 00:09:39,791
Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor.
105
00:09:40,083 --> 00:09:41,084
Mr. Strauss.
106
00:09:41,234 --> 00:09:42,250
It's pronounced "Strauss".
107
00:09:43,535 --> 00:09:44,876
"Oppenheimer", "Oppenheimer"...
108
00:09:44,917 --> 00:09:46,791
Either way you say it,
they know I'm Jewish.
109
00:09:48,158 --> 00:09:50,791
I'm president of Temple
Emanu-El in Manhattan.
110
00:09:51,083 --> 00:09:53,375
"Strauss" is just
a Southern pronunciation.
111
00:09:53,842 --> 00:09:57,541
Anyway, welcome to the Institute.
I think you'll be very happy here.
112
00:09:57,864 --> 00:09:59,125
Yes, well, you'll love the commute.
113
00:09:59,708 --> 00:10:01,875
The position comes with that
house for you and your wife,
114
00:10:02,369 --> 00:10:04,125
and your... is it two children?
115
00:10:04,416 --> 00:10:05,291
Yes, two.
116
00:10:05,812 --> 00:10:07,875
I'm a great admirer of your work.
117
00:10:08,474 --> 00:10:10,875
You're a physicist
by training, Mr. Strauss?
118
00:10:10,916 --> 00:10:13,001
I'm sorry, uh, common room,
four o'clock tea.
119
00:10:13,024 --> 00:10:15,664
No, I'm not trained
in physics or anything else.
120
00:10:15,708 --> 00:10:16,726
I'm a self-made man.
121
00:10:16,791 --> 00:10:18,291
Ah, I can relate to that.
122
00:10:19,000 --> 00:10:20,791
Really?
-Yes, my father was one.
123
00:10:22,666 --> 00:10:24,916
And this would be your office.
124
00:10:34,666 --> 00:10:36,500
I'm told he's there in most afternoons.
125
00:10:37,041 --> 00:10:38,793
You know, I've always wondered
126
00:10:38,833 --> 00:10:41,750
why you didn't involve him
in the Manhattan Project.
127
00:10:44,048 --> 00:10:45,708
Greatest scientific mind of our time.
128
00:10:46,369 --> 00:10:47,375
Of his time.
129
00:10:48,409 --> 00:10:50,500
Einstein published his
Theory of Relativity
130
00:10:50,541 --> 00:10:53,083
more than 40 years ago now.
131
00:10:54,375 --> 00:10:56,375
Could never embrace
the quantum world it revealed.
132
00:10:56,958 --> 00:10:58,208
"God doesn't play dice."
133
00:10:59,052 --> 00:11:00,042
Precisely.
134
00:11:00,541 --> 00:11:03,041
You never thought of studying
physics formally, Mr. Strauss?
135
00:11:03,250 --> 00:11:06,333
I had offers, but...
I chose to sell shoes.
136
00:11:06,416 --> 00:11:08,750
Lewis Strauss was once
a lowly shoe salesman.
137
00:11:10,081 --> 00:11:11,375
No, just a shoe salesman.
138
00:11:15,625 --> 00:11:18,084
I'd love to introduce you.
-No need.
139
00:11:19,333 --> 00:11:20,583
I've known him for years.
140
00:11:42,625 --> 00:11:43,627
Albert.
141
00:11:48,545 --> 00:11:52,333
What was that? What did you say to him?
142
00:11:54,583 --> 00:11:55,583
Oh, he's fine.
143
00:11:57,833 --> 00:12:02,333
Mr. Strauss, there are... things
in my past you ought to be aware of.
144
00:12:02,557 --> 00:12:04,291
Well, as chairman of the AEC,
145
00:12:04,333 --> 00:12:06,965
I have access to your
security file. I've read it.
146
00:12:06,978 --> 00:12:08,536
You're not worried?
-No.
147
00:12:08,583 --> 00:12:10,875
Why would I be worried, after everything
you've done for your country?
148
00:12:10,918 --> 00:12:13,000
Well, times change, Mr. Strauss.
149
00:12:13,166 --> 00:12:14,875
Well, the purpose of this institute
150
00:12:14,958 --> 00:12:17,083
is to provide a haven
for independent minds.
151
00:12:18,301 --> 00:12:19,537
That's you.
152
00:12:19,581 --> 00:12:20,940
You are the man for the job.
153
00:12:21,958 --> 00:12:23,042
Well, then I'll consider it.
154
00:12:24,083 --> 00:12:25,750
I'll see you at the AEC meeting tomorrow.
155
00:12:30,970 --> 00:12:33,458
This is one of the most prestigious
appointments in the country.
156
00:12:33,666 --> 00:12:35,333
Yes, and a great commute.
157
00:12:36,333 --> 00:12:37,666
That's why I'm considering it.
158
00:12:39,215 --> 00:12:42,855
So Dr. Oppenheimer brought
your attention to his past associations
159
00:12:43,041 --> 00:12:44,374
before you appointed him?
160
00:12:44,500 --> 00:12:45,498
Yes.
161
00:12:46,000 --> 00:12:47,291
And they didn't concern you?
162
00:12:47,416 --> 00:12:50,333
Just then I was entirely consumed
with what he must have said
163
00:12:50,418 --> 00:12:52,166
to Einstein to sour him on me.
164
00:12:56,241 --> 00:12:57,251
But later?
165
00:12:57,541 --> 00:12:59,083
Well, we all know what happened later.
166
00:12:59,916 --> 00:13:01,876
Doctor, your time in Europe,
167
00:13:01,916 --> 00:13:04,958
you seem to meet with a wide
range of other countries' physicists.
168
00:13:05,139 --> 00:13:06,148
Yes, that's right.
169
00:13:06,360 --> 00:13:07,375
Any Russians?
170
00:13:09,461 --> 00:13:12,126
None that spring to mind.
If you'll just allow me
171
00:13:12,166 --> 00:13:13,958
to continue with my statement...
-Mr. Robb,
172
00:13:14,002 --> 00:13:16,375
you'll have ample opportunity
to cross-examine.
173
00:13:19,500 --> 00:13:24,250
After Gรถttingen, I moved on to Leiden,
in Holland, where I first met Isidor Rabi.
174
00:13:25,416 --> 00:13:26,416
Excuse me.
175
00:13:31,333 --> 00:13:33,708
A yank. Lecturing on the new physics.
176
00:13:33,875 --> 00:13:34,870
This I have to hear.
177
00:13:34,956 --> 00:13:36,583
I'm an American myself.
178
00:13:37,166 --> 00:13:38,291
How surprising.
179
00:13:39,448 --> 00:13:41,416
Let me know if you need
any help with the English.
180
00:13:55,708 --> 00:13:56,916
Wait, what's he saying?
181
00:14:08,583 --> 00:14:09,582
No, thank you.
182
00:14:09,625 --> 00:14:10,875
It's a long way to Zurich.
183
00:14:11,541 --> 00:14:14,291
If you get any skinnier, we're gonna
lose you between the seat cushions.
184
00:14:14,958 --> 00:14:17,045
I'm Rabi.
-Oppenheimer.
185
00:14:17,089 --> 00:14:18,750
I caught your lecture on molecules.
186
00:14:19,511 --> 00:14:20,500
Caught some of it.
187
00:14:21,652 --> 00:14:23,708
We're a couple of New York Jews,
how do you know Dutch?
188
00:14:24,294 --> 00:14:26,916
Well, I thought I'd better learn it
when I got here this semester.
189
00:14:26,976 --> 00:14:30,208
You learned enough Dutch in six weeks
to give a lecture on quantum mechanics?
190
00:14:30,460 --> 00:14:31,799
I like to challenge myself.
191
00:14:31,979 --> 00:14:34,125
Quantum physics wasn't challenging enough.
192
00:14:34,241 --> 00:14:35,791
Shvitzer.
-Shvitzer?
193
00:14:35,962 --> 00:14:36,962
Show-off.
194
00:14:37,651 --> 00:14:39,583
Dutch in six weeks,
but you never learned Yiddish.
195
00:14:39,666 --> 00:14:41,750
They don't speak it so much
my side of the park.
196
00:14:41,812 --> 00:14:42,792
Screw you.
197
00:14:44,433 --> 00:14:46,458
You homesick?
-Oh, you know it.
198
00:14:47,774 --> 00:14:50,333
Ever get the feeling our kind
isn't entirely welcome here?
199
00:14:51,055 --> 00:14:52,042
Physicists?
200
00:14:52,636 --> 00:14:54,666
That's funny.
-Not in the department.
201
00:14:55,637 --> 00:14:56,833
They're all Jewish, too.
202
00:14:59,416 --> 00:15:00,414
Eat.
203
00:15:02,875 --> 00:15:04,583
There's this German you have to seek out.
204
00:15:05,996 --> 00:15:07,250
Heisenberg.
-Right.
205
00:15:17,500 --> 00:15:21,376
One might be led to the presumption
that behind the quantum world
206
00:15:21,583 --> 00:15:25,042
there still hides a real world
in which causality holds,
207
00:15:25,083 --> 00:15:29,458
but such speculations seem to us,
to say it explicitly, fruitless.
208
00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:31,541
Thank you. Have a great day.
209
00:15:37,083 --> 00:15:38,291
Wonderful.
-Thank you.
210
00:15:38,833 --> 00:15:41,708
Dr. Oppenheimer.
-Oppenheimer, yes!
211
00:15:42,128 --> 00:15:43,805
I liked your paper on molecules.
212
00:15:43,849 --> 00:15:45,388
Probably because you inspired it.
213
00:15:45,416 --> 00:15:48,250
If I inspire anything else, let me know.
We could publish together.
214
00:15:48,373 --> 00:15:50,500
I have to get back to America.
-Why?
215
00:15:51,035 --> 00:15:53,750
There's no one there taking
quantum mechanics seriously.
216
00:15:53,997 --> 00:15:55,125
That's exactly why.
217
00:15:55,679 --> 00:15:57,875
He's pining for the canyons of Manhattan.
218
00:15:58,401 --> 00:15:59,916
Canyons of New Mexico.
219
00:16:00,463 --> 00:16:02,240
You're from New Mexico?
-No, New York.
220
00:16:02,284 --> 00:16:04,791
But my brother and I have
a ranch outside Santa Fe.
221
00:16:05,970 --> 00:16:07,388
That's the America I miss right now.
222
00:16:07,750 --> 00:16:10,041
Then it's best you get home, cowboys.
223
00:16:11,112 --> 00:16:12,104
That's him.
224
00:16:12,232 --> 00:16:13,708
No, me and horses?
225
00:16:14,033 --> 00:16:15,037
I don't think so.
226
00:16:16,353 --> 00:16:17,333
Nice to meet you.
227
00:16:19,458 --> 00:16:21,333
Did you ever encounter Heisenberg again?
228
00:16:21,675 --> 00:16:23,875
Not in person, no, but...
229
00:16:25,875 --> 00:16:27,500
you might say our paths crossed.
230
00:16:29,583 --> 00:16:30,786
On returning to America,
231
00:16:30,810 --> 00:16:33,875
I accepted positions at both
Caltech and up at Berkeley.
232
00:16:58,333 --> 00:16:59,875
Dr. Lawrence, I presume?
233
00:17:02,291 --> 00:17:03,333
You must be Oppenheimer.
234
00:17:03,552 --> 00:17:04,552
Yes.
235
00:17:04,732 --> 00:17:06,833
I hear you want to start
a school of quantum theory.
236
00:17:07,313 --> 00:17:08,875
I am starting it, next door.
237
00:17:08,958 --> 00:17:11,041
They put you in there?
-I asked for it.
238
00:17:11,166 --> 00:17:13,208
Wanted to be close
to you experimentalists.
239
00:17:13,416 --> 00:17:15,041
Theory will get you only so far.
240
00:17:15,277 --> 00:17:17,208
We're building a machine
to accelerate electrons.
241
00:17:17,478 --> 00:17:18,474
Magnificent.
242
00:17:18,518 --> 00:17:19,541
Would you like to help?
243
00:17:19,879 --> 00:17:22,616
Build it? Oh, no. No, no.
244
00:17:22,708 --> 00:17:25,250
But I am working on theories
I'd like to test with it.
245
00:17:25,561 --> 00:17:26,568
When do you start teaching?
246
00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:28,250
I've got my first in an hour.
247
00:17:28,563 --> 00:17:30,250
Seminar?
-Pupil.
248
00:17:31,004 --> 00:17:33,000
One student? That's it?
249
00:17:33,958 --> 00:17:36,126
I'm teaching something
no one here has dreamt of.
250
00:17:36,416 --> 00:17:38,375
But once people start hearing
what you can do with it...
251
00:17:38,416 --> 00:17:39,458
There's no going back.
252
00:17:42,333 --> 00:17:45,000
Oh, I must have missed the...
-Mr. Lomanitz?
253
00:17:47,708 --> 00:17:49,458
Yeah.
-Yes, this is it.
254
00:17:49,541 --> 00:17:51,291
Please, take a seat.
255
00:17:56,790 --> 00:17:58,208
What do you know about quantum mechanics?
256
00:17:59,471 --> 00:18:01,291
I have a grasp on the basics.
257
00:18:01,333 --> 00:18:02,375
Then you're doing it wrong.
258
00:18:03,456 --> 00:18:05,708
Is life made up of particles or waves?
259
00:18:06,208 --> 00:18:08,458
Quantum mechanics says it's both.
How can it be both?
260
00:18:08,943 --> 00:18:10,083
It can't.
-It can't.
261
00:18:10,805 --> 00:18:11,824
But it is.
262
00:18:11,875 --> 00:18:15,041
It's paradoxical, and yet, it works.
263
00:18:26,000 --> 00:18:27,001
Thank you.
264
00:18:27,601 --> 00:18:30,375
Mr. Lomanitz. You're gonna be okay.
265
00:18:30,708 --> 00:18:31,689
Mr. Snyder.
266
00:18:32,416 --> 00:18:33,958
Now, let's consider a star.
267
00:18:34,498 --> 00:18:37,709
A star, a vast furnace
burning in outer space,
268
00:18:37,750 --> 00:18:41,166
fire pushing outwards against
its own gravity, balanced.
269
00:18:42,883 --> 00:18:44,666
But if that furnace cools,
270
00:18:45,416 --> 00:18:47,833
and gravity starts winning, it contracts.
271
00:18:48,375 --> 00:18:50,625
Density increases.
-Correct.
272
00:18:51,105 --> 00:18:53,500
Increasing gravity.
-Increasing density.
273
00:18:53,750 --> 00:18:55,583
And?
-It's a vicious cycle until...
274
00:18:56,166 --> 00:18:57,167
What's the limit here?
275
00:18:58,832 --> 00:19:00,917
I don't know. See where
the math takes us.
276
00:19:00,958 --> 00:19:02,995
I guarantee it's somewhere
no one's been before us.
277
00:19:03,041 --> 00:19:04,041
Me?
278
00:19:04,782 --> 00:19:06,625
Yes, you. Your math is better than mine.
279
00:19:08,625 --> 00:19:11,708
Dr. Oppenheimer's file contained details
280
00:19:11,750 --> 00:19:13,126
of his activities at Berkeley.
281
00:19:13,166 --> 00:19:16,750
Why would they have started a file
on Dr. Oppenheimer before the war?
282
00:19:17,587 --> 00:19:19,833
Well, you'd have to ask Mr. Hoover.
283
00:19:20,095 --> 00:19:21,916
I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss.
284
00:19:22,458 --> 00:19:23,750
Uh, my assumption
285
00:19:24,250 --> 00:19:27,791
is that it was connected to his, uh,
286
00:19:28,101 --> 00:19:30,250
left-wing political activities.
287
00:19:32,083 --> 00:19:34,333
You shouldn't let them bring
their politics in the classroom, Oppie.
288
00:19:35,664 --> 00:19:36,667
I wrote that.
289
00:19:37,083 --> 00:19:39,662
Lawrence, you embraced
the revolution in physics.
290
00:19:39,708 --> 00:19:41,125
Can't you see it everywhere else?
291
00:19:41,833 --> 00:19:44,042
Picasso, Stravinsky, Freud, Marx.
292
00:19:44,083 --> 00:19:46,541
Well, this is America, Oppie.
We had our revolution.
293
00:19:47,886 --> 00:19:50,458
Seriously, keep it out of the lab.
294
00:19:50,791 --> 00:19:52,625
Well, out of the lab,
295
00:19:52,833 --> 00:19:55,458
my landlady is having
a discussion group tonight.
296
00:19:55,750 --> 00:19:56,667
Interested?
297
00:19:56,708 --> 00:19:58,626
I have sampled the
Berkeley political scene.
298
00:19:58,666 --> 00:20:02,958
It's all just philosophy post-grads
and communists talking integration.
299
00:20:03,083 --> 00:20:04,375
You don't care about integration?
300
00:20:04,625 --> 00:20:06,569
I want to vote for it, not talk about it.
301
00:20:06,666 --> 00:20:08,666
Especially on a Friday.
Come on, let's eat.
302
00:20:09,133 --> 00:20:10,541
I'm meeting my brother there.
303
00:20:11,291 --> 00:20:14,875
And how would these activities
have come to the attention of the FBI?
304
00:20:15,083 --> 00:20:17,041
Well, if I remember correctly,
305
00:20:17,083 --> 00:20:21,292
the FBI was taking license plates
outside suspected communist gatherings,
306
00:20:21,335 --> 00:20:22,749
and his name popped up.
307
00:20:31,348 --> 00:20:33,041
Jesus Christ!
-Sorry.
308
00:20:33,125 --> 00:20:34,125
Frank!
309
00:20:35,708 --> 00:20:38,000
Uh, you remember Jackie?
-Evening.
310
00:20:44,679 --> 00:20:47,875
Robert! I want you to meet Chevalier.
311
00:20:48,103 --> 00:20:51,164
Dr. Haakon Chevalier,
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer.
312
00:20:51,208 --> 00:20:51,875
Pleasure. -Pleasure.
313
00:20:51,906 --> 00:20:53,708
This is my little brother, Frank.
314
00:20:54,041 --> 00:20:55,828
And this is...
-Still Jackie.
315
00:20:55,875 --> 00:20:57,000
Hello, Still Jackie.
316
00:20:57,132 --> 00:21:00,933
Chevalier, you're in languages?
-And your reputation precedes you.
317
00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:02,001
What have you heard?
318
00:21:02,098 --> 00:21:04,278
That you're teaching a radical
new approach to physics
319
00:21:04,291 --> 00:21:07,541
I have no chance of understanding,
but I haven't heard you're a party member.
320
00:21:07,583 --> 00:21:09,321
Uh, I'm not.
-Oh, not yet.
321
00:21:09,375 --> 00:21:10,834
Frank and I are thinking of joining.
322
00:21:10,875 --> 00:21:13,041
Just the other day I was saying...
-I support a range of causes.
323
00:21:13,266 --> 00:21:14,266
Spanish Civil War?
324
00:21:14,500 --> 00:21:17,458
A democratic republic being
overthrown by fascist thugs.
325
00:21:17,500 --> 00:21:18,791
Who wouldn't?
-Our government.
326
00:21:18,870 --> 00:21:21,610
They think that socialism
is a bigger threat than fascism.
327
00:21:21,625 --> 00:21:24,250
Not for long. Look at what
the Nazis are doing to the Jews.
328
00:21:24,333 --> 00:21:26,916
I send funds to colleagues
in Germany to emigrate.
329
00:21:26,958 --> 00:21:28,291
I have to do something.
330
00:21:29,618 --> 00:21:32,458
My own work is so... abstract.
331
00:21:32,500 --> 00:21:33,500
What are you working on?
332
00:21:33,541 --> 00:21:35,833
What happens to stars when they die?
333
00:21:36,041 --> 00:21:37,291
Do stars die?
334
00:21:38,463 --> 00:21:42,043
Well, if they do,
they'd cool, then collapse.
335
00:21:42,083 --> 00:21:44,604
In fact, the bigger the star,
336
00:21:44,750 --> 00:21:46,666
the more violent its demise.
337
00:21:47,187 --> 00:21:50,500
Their gravity gets so concentrated,
it swallows everything.
338
00:21:51,333 --> 00:21:52,375
Everything, even light.
339
00:21:52,958 --> 00:21:55,875
Can that really happen?
-The math says it can.
340
00:21:55,972 --> 00:21:59,041
If we can get published, then perhaps
one day an astronomer finds one.
341
00:21:59,083 --> 00:22:00,834
But right now, all I have is theory,
342
00:22:00,875 --> 00:22:02,916
which can't impact people's lives.
343
00:22:02,931 --> 00:22:05,125
Well, if you're going
to send money to Spain,
344
00:22:05,166 --> 00:22:06,541
do it through the Communist Party.
345
00:22:06,653 --> 00:22:08,000
They can get it to the front lines.
346
00:22:08,041 --> 00:22:09,208
Mary sent me with these.
347
00:22:11,174 --> 00:22:13,541
I'm Jean.
-Robert.
348
00:22:13,875 --> 00:22:16,583
Haakon Chevalier. That union
meeting at Serber's last month.
349
00:22:17,096 --> 00:22:18,250
Right, right, yes.
350
00:22:18,708 --> 00:22:19,708
Oh, thank you.
351
00:22:20,297 --> 00:22:22,041
Robert here says he's not a communist.
352
00:22:22,318 --> 00:22:24,333
Well, then he doesn't
know enough about it.
353
00:22:24,539 --> 00:22:27,125
Oh, I've read Das Kapital,
all three volumes.
354
00:22:27,190 --> 00:22:28,209
Does that count?
355
00:22:28,230 --> 00:22:30,333
It would make you better-read
than most party members.
356
00:22:30,432 --> 00:22:32,689
Turgid stuff. There's some thinking, um...
357
00:22:32,733 --> 00:22:34,041
"Ownership is theft."
358
00:22:34,334 --> 00:22:35,750
Property.
-Property?
359
00:22:36,335 --> 00:22:37,541
Property, not ownership.
360
00:22:37,696 --> 00:22:39,791
I'm sorry, I read it
in the original German.
361
00:22:43,379 --> 00:22:45,916
It's not about the book.
It's about the ideas.
362
00:22:46,021 --> 00:22:47,666
And you sound uncommitted.
363
00:22:48,042 --> 00:22:51,083
I'm committed to thinking freely
about how to improve our world.
364
00:22:51,984 --> 00:22:54,083
Why limit yourself to one dogma?
365
00:22:54,179 --> 00:22:56,333
You're a physicist.
Do you pick and choose rules?
366
00:22:57,166 --> 00:23:00,875
Or do you use the discipline
to channel your energies into progress?
367
00:23:01,375 --> 00:23:02,791
I like a little wiggle room.
368
00:23:04,250 --> 00:23:05,791
Do you always toe the party line?
369
00:23:07,927 --> 00:23:09,416
I like my wiggle room, too.
370
00:23:20,458 --> 00:23:21,460
What?
371
00:23:22,458 --> 00:23:23,460
Wait, wait, wait.
372
00:23:27,518 --> 00:23:28,541
Unexpected.
373
00:23:29,219 --> 00:23:30,208
What?
374
00:23:30,439 --> 00:23:31,537
For a physicist.
375
00:23:31,583 --> 00:23:33,916
You only have a shelf full of Freud?
376
00:23:34,166 --> 00:23:37,541
Well, actually, my background's more...
-Jungian?
377
00:23:39,801 --> 00:23:41,041
You know analysis?
378
00:23:41,291 --> 00:23:44,500
When I was in post-grad at Cambridge,
I had a little trouble.
379
00:23:45,803 --> 00:23:48,320
I'll bite.
-I tried to poison my tutor.
380
00:23:48,364 --> 00:23:50,625
Did you hate him?
-I liked him very much.
381
00:23:51,208 --> 00:23:52,541
You just needed to get laid.
382
00:23:52,750 --> 00:23:54,334
It took my analysts two years,
383
00:23:54,375 --> 00:23:56,583
and I don't think they ever
put it that succinctly.
384
00:23:56,625 --> 00:24:00,291
You have everyone convinced you're
more complicated than you actually are.
385
00:24:00,426 --> 00:24:02,666
We're all simple souls, I guess.
386
00:24:02,928 --> 00:24:03,918
I'm not.
387
00:24:06,631 --> 00:24:07,627
What's this?
388
00:24:07,772 --> 00:24:08,757
Sanskrit.
389
00:24:09,053 --> 00:24:10,083
You can read this?
390
00:24:10,833 --> 00:24:11,832
I'm learning.
391
00:24:17,416 --> 00:24:18,416
Read this.
392
00:24:19,902 --> 00:24:21,000
Well, in this part,
393
00:24:21,458 --> 00:24:24,416
Vishnu reveals his multi-armed self...
-No.
394
00:24:25,958 --> 00:24:27,125
Read the words.
395
00:24:31,291 --> 00:24:33,125
"And now I am become Death...
396
00:24:39,625 --> 00:24:41,041
"destroyer of worlds."
397
00:25:11,833 --> 00:25:12,833
This'll do.
398
00:25:19,666 --> 00:25:20,750
It'll break before dawn.
399
00:25:21,371 --> 00:25:22,625
Air cools overnight.
400
00:25:23,125 --> 00:25:24,625
Just before dawn, it breaks.
401
00:25:35,420 --> 00:25:38,541
Well, so, I'm getting married.
402
00:25:38,750 --> 00:25:41,458
Frank! congratulations!
-Thank you, thank you.
403
00:25:41,500 --> 00:25:43,583
To Jackie?
-Yeah, to Jackie.
404
00:25:44,916 --> 00:25:48,000
The waitress?
-Oppie, you're right. It's letting up.
405
00:25:48,106 --> 00:25:49,375
I'm gonna go see if there's any stars.
406
00:25:50,000 --> 00:25:54,125
All your talk about the common man,
but Jackie's not good enough for you, hmm?
407
00:25:55,122 --> 00:25:57,360
We joined the party, and you
can't hide your disappointment.
408
00:25:57,416 --> 00:25:59,355
Why? Is that because that's
supposed to be your thing?
409
00:25:59,483 --> 00:26:00,791
I haven't joined the party, Frank.
410
00:26:01,163 --> 00:26:03,416
And I don't think she should have
convinced you to either.
411
00:26:03,624 --> 00:26:06,250
Half of the faculty is communist.
-Not that half.
412
00:26:07,945 --> 00:26:10,724
I'm your brother, Frank,
and I want you to be cautious.
413
00:26:10,791 --> 00:26:12,000
And I want to wring your neck.
414
00:26:14,333 --> 00:26:17,416
I won't live my life
afraid to make a mistake.
415
00:26:19,553 --> 00:26:22,541
You're happy... I'm happy.
416
00:26:22,875 --> 00:26:25,291
So then I'm happy
you're happy that I'm happy.
417
00:26:30,583 --> 00:26:33,083
I feel like I can see one of those
dark stars that you're working on.
418
00:26:33,916 --> 00:26:34,916
You can't.
419
00:26:35,416 --> 00:26:38,345
That's the whole point.
Their gravity swallows light.
420
00:26:39,833 --> 00:26:42,083
It's like a kind of hole in space.
421
00:26:43,125 --> 00:26:44,125
Is Frank okay?
422
00:26:44,416 --> 00:26:46,666
Yes. He just has a shitty brother.
423
00:26:48,125 --> 00:26:49,250
It is special here.
424
00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:53,000
When I was a kid...
425
00:26:54,541 --> 00:26:56,041
I thought if I could find a way...
426
00:26:57,583 --> 00:27:01,125
to combine physics and New Mexico,
427
00:27:01,875 --> 00:27:03,250
my life would be perfect.
428
00:27:05,625 --> 00:27:07,375
Little remote for that.
-Yes.
429
00:27:08,166 --> 00:27:09,291
Let's get some sleep.
430
00:27:10,666 --> 00:27:14,333
That mesa we saw today,
one of my favorite places in the world.
431
00:27:15,333 --> 00:27:17,666
Tomorrow we'll climb it.
-What's it called?
432
00:27:19,333 --> 00:27:20,458
Los Alamos.
433
00:27:24,568 --> 00:27:26,250
I didn't expect to see you today.
434
00:27:27,791 --> 00:27:29,208
Do I have to make an appointment?
435
00:27:33,557 --> 00:27:34,557
Alvarez?
436
00:27:40,625 --> 00:27:42,583
Oppie! Oppie!
437
00:27:43,333 --> 00:27:44,791
What? What is it?
438
00:27:45,416 --> 00:27:46,416
They've done it.
439
00:27:46,737 --> 00:27:48,333
They've done it. Hahn and
Strassmann in Germany.
440
00:27:48,378 --> 00:27:49,625
They split the uranium nucleus.
441
00:27:51,740 --> 00:27:52,750
How?
442
00:27:54,208 --> 00:27:55,541
Bombard it with neutrons.
443
00:27:56,003 --> 00:27:57,208
It's a nuclear fission.
444
00:27:57,464 --> 00:27:58,916
They did it. They split the atom.
445
00:27:58,958 --> 00:27:59,958
That's not possible.
446
00:28:06,375 --> 00:28:07,708
I'm gonna try to reproduce it.
447
00:28:14,916 --> 00:28:16,625
See? Can't be done.
448
00:28:17,998 --> 00:28:19,000
Very elegant.
449
00:28:20,079 --> 00:28:21,083
Quite clear.
450
00:28:21,399 --> 00:28:22,416
There's just one problem.
451
00:28:22,600 --> 00:28:23,583
Where?
452
00:28:24,201 --> 00:28:25,208
Next door.
453
00:28:25,833 --> 00:28:26,874
Alvarez did it.
454
00:28:28,250 --> 00:28:29,247
And look.
455
00:28:30,144 --> 00:28:32,531
These fission pulses, they're massive.
456
00:28:33,208 --> 00:28:36,166
I've seen 30 of these
in the past ten minutes.
457
00:28:37,232 --> 00:28:39,083
Theory will take you only so far.
458
00:28:41,095 --> 00:28:42,166
During the process...
459
00:28:43,750 --> 00:28:46,000
extra neutrons boil off,
which could be used
460
00:28:46,041 --> 00:28:48,000
to split other uranium atoms.
461
00:28:48,300 --> 00:28:49,291
Chain reaction.
462
00:28:49,981 --> 00:28:51,196
You're thinking what I'm thinking.
463
00:28:51,282 --> 00:28:55,333
You, me, and every other physicist
around the world who's seen the news.
464
00:28:56,166 --> 00:28:57,916
I just... what, what are we all thinking?
465
00:28:58,948 --> 00:29:01,458
A bomb, Alvarez.
466
00:29:02,875 --> 00:29:03,873
A bomb.
467
00:29:05,375 --> 00:29:07,625
I told you, Robert,
no more fucking flowers.
468
00:29:09,708 --> 00:29:12,625
I don't understand what you want from me.
-I don't want anything from you!
469
00:29:14,162 --> 00:29:17,666
Well, you say that, and then you call.
-Well, don't answer.
470
00:29:18,958 --> 00:29:20,125
I'll always answer.
471
00:29:25,708 --> 00:29:26,708
Fine.
472
00:29:27,185 --> 00:29:28,458
Just no more flowers.
473
00:29:30,333 --> 00:29:31,330
You're not coming?
474
00:29:33,587 --> 00:29:35,500
You have to know when
you're beaten, Robert.
475
00:29:37,916 --> 00:29:39,458
It's not that simple, Haak.
476
00:29:40,008 --> 00:29:43,291
Chevalier, good to see you.
Barbara, good to see you.
477
00:29:43,333 --> 00:29:45,500
And the illustrious Dr. Oppenheimer.
478
00:29:45,916 --> 00:29:47,500
I'm Eltenton.
-Oh, pleasure.
479
00:29:47,524 --> 00:29:48,541
Please, please.
480
00:29:48,583 --> 00:29:51,583
Why don't you say a word about
organized labor on campuses?
481
00:29:51,916 --> 00:29:54,208
Yes? Coming through,
coming through!
482
00:29:54,250 --> 00:29:55,250
I work at Shell.
483
00:29:55,291 --> 00:29:57,500
We've signed up chemists,
we've signed up engineers.
484
00:29:57,791 --> 00:29:59,458
So why not sciences and academia?
485
00:29:59,833 --> 00:30:03,500
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
486
00:30:13,791 --> 00:30:15,333
Teachers are unionized.
487
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:17,125
Why not professors?
488
00:30:17,541 --> 00:30:18,625
Don't you have somewhere to be?
489
00:30:18,708 --> 00:30:21,041
Lawrence, academics have rights too.
490
00:30:21,333 --> 00:30:23,375
Look, it's not that.
I've got a group coming.
491
00:30:23,652 --> 00:30:26,125
Oh. I'll sit in.
-Not this one.
492
00:30:32,756 --> 00:30:34,666
Richard, Dr. Bush.
493
00:30:34,708 --> 00:30:36,041
What brings you two up north?
494
00:30:45,726 --> 00:30:48,625
Richard, you tell Ruth I'll be
down in Pasadena Thursday.
495
00:30:58,666 --> 00:31:00,791
Paper on black holes, it's in!
496
00:31:02,690 --> 00:31:03,707
Where's Hartland?
497
00:31:04,333 --> 00:31:06,333
Get Hartland.
Get Hartland.
498
00:31:06,458 --> 00:31:09,875
September 1st, 1939?
The world's gonna remember this day.
499
00:31:11,625 --> 00:31:13,500
Oh, Hartland, our paper, it's in print.
500
00:31:13,666 --> 00:31:14,875
You've been upstaged.
501
00:31:19,265 --> 00:31:21,666
During the Battle of Britain,
I found myself
502
00:31:22,250 --> 00:31:24,416
increasingly out of sympathy with the...
503
00:31:24,875 --> 00:31:27,875
policy of neutrality
that communists advocated.
504
00:31:27,916 --> 00:31:30,416
But after Hitler invaded Russia
and we became allies,
505
00:31:31,208 --> 00:31:33,250
these communist sympathies,
do they return?
506
00:31:33,627 --> 00:31:34,627
No.
507
00:31:35,500 --> 00:31:39,500
I need to make clear that
my changing views on Russia
508
00:31:39,541 --> 00:31:42,541
did not mean a sharp break from
those who held different views.
509
00:31:43,041 --> 00:31:45,416
For a year or two during
a previous marriage,
510
00:31:45,458 --> 00:31:48,375
my wife Kitty had been
a Communist Party member.
511
00:31:53,541 --> 00:31:54,833
This is where I keep the good stuff.
512
00:31:54,875 --> 00:31:56,666
Well, I thought this was
the Tolmans' house.
513
00:31:56,708 --> 00:31:58,791
I live with them while I'm at Caltech.
514
00:31:58,833 --> 00:32:00,208
Do you two need anything?
515
00:32:00,425 --> 00:32:01,500
We're good, Ruthie.
516
00:32:02,846 --> 00:32:05,625
So, you're a biologist.
517
00:32:06,208 --> 00:32:09,208
Well, somehow I have
graduated to housewife.
518
00:32:09,583 --> 00:32:11,666
Can you explain quantum mechanics to me?
519
00:32:11,958 --> 00:32:14,666
Seems baffling.
-Yes, it is.
520
00:32:16,041 --> 00:32:17,500
Well, this glass,
521
00:32:18,666 --> 00:32:21,666
this drink... this countertop...
522
00:32:23,062 --> 00:32:24,208
Our bodies.
523
00:32:26,105 --> 00:32:27,125
All of it.
524
00:32:28,291 --> 00:32:29,750
It's mostly empty space.
525
00:32:30,150 --> 00:32:33,458
Groupings of tiny energy
waves bound together.
526
00:32:33,541 --> 00:32:34,625
By what?
527
00:32:34,666 --> 00:32:37,833
Forces of attraction strong
enough to convince us
528
00:32:38,541 --> 00:32:40,541
that matter is solid.
529
00:32:40,791 --> 00:32:42,958
Stop my body passing through yours.
530
00:32:55,583 --> 00:32:57,333
You're married to Dr. Harrison.
531
00:32:57,833 --> 00:32:58,875
Not very.
532
00:33:00,777 --> 00:33:04,333
There is someone that I feel...
533
00:33:04,666 --> 00:33:05,875
Does she feel that way?
534
00:33:06,438 --> 00:33:07,625
Sometimes.
535
00:33:08,458 --> 00:33:09,457
Not enough.
536
00:33:11,166 --> 00:33:13,458
You know, I'm going to New Mexico.
537
00:33:14,186 --> 00:33:15,875
To my ranch, with friends.
538
00:33:16,125 --> 00:33:17,125
You should come.
539
00:33:18,333 --> 00:33:19,666
I meant, with your husband.
540
00:33:20,088 --> 00:33:21,083
Yes, you did.
541
00:33:21,416 --> 00:33:23,541
Because you know it won't
make a bit of difference.
542
00:33:28,365 --> 00:33:29,500
Why did you marry him?
543
00:33:30,000 --> 00:33:33,291
I was lost, and... he was kind.
544
00:33:35,730 --> 00:33:36,750
Lost?
545
00:33:37,041 --> 00:33:39,333
Well, my previous husband had died, and...
546
00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:41,958
at 28, I wasn't really
ready to be a widow.
547
00:33:42,583 --> 00:33:44,541
Who was your first husband?
-Nobody.
548
00:33:44,836 --> 00:33:46,958
My second husband was Joe Dallet.
549
00:33:47,083 --> 00:33:49,425
He was from money, like me,
550
00:33:49,449 --> 00:33:52,875
but he was a union organizer
in Youngstown, Ohio.
551
00:33:53,041 --> 00:33:54,041
I fell hard.
552
00:33:55,125 --> 00:33:57,208
How hard?
-Hard enough to spend the next four years
553
00:33:57,250 --> 00:33:58,500
living off beans and pancakes,
554
00:33:58,541 --> 00:34:00,791
handing out the Daily Worker
at factory gates.
555
00:34:02,083 --> 00:34:04,416
By '36, I just told Joe
I couldn't take it anymore.
556
00:34:04,495 --> 00:34:05,500
Quit the party.
557
00:34:05,583 --> 00:34:07,041
A year later, I wanted him back.
558
00:34:07,083 --> 00:34:09,250
Him, not the Daily Worker. And...
559
00:34:09,750 --> 00:34:11,791
he said: "Swell, I'll meet you
on my way to Spain."
560
00:34:11,918 --> 00:34:13,083
Went to fight for the Loyalists?
561
00:34:13,125 --> 00:34:14,916
And then he went
to the brigades and I waited.
562
00:34:15,208 --> 00:34:16,208
And...
563
00:34:18,083 --> 00:34:20,708
Joe got himself killed first time
he popped his head out of the trench.
564
00:34:22,481 --> 00:34:24,750
Ideology got Joe killed, for nothing.
565
00:34:24,791 --> 00:34:26,583
The Spanish Republic isn't nothing.
566
00:34:26,685 --> 00:34:29,625
My husband offered both our
futures to stop one fascist bullet
567
00:34:29,666 --> 00:34:31,666
from embedding itself in a mud bank.
568
00:34:32,811 --> 00:34:34,833
That's the definition of nothing.
569
00:34:35,166 --> 00:34:37,125
Seems a little reductive.
-Pragmatic.
570
00:34:39,177 --> 00:34:40,166
Now here I am.
571
00:34:43,000 --> 00:34:44,333
Wherever the hell this is.
572
00:34:52,041 --> 00:34:54,291
I didn't want you to hear it
from anyone else.
573
00:34:57,333 --> 00:34:59,083
At least you didn't bring me flowers.
574
00:35:06,791 --> 00:35:09,166
We both know I'm not what you want, Jean.
575
00:35:10,416 --> 00:35:12,416
Yeah, but it's a door closing.
576
00:35:13,208 --> 00:35:14,208
No.
577
00:35:16,154 --> 00:35:17,875
Not as far as I'm concerned, no.
578
00:35:19,801 --> 00:35:21,958
You knocked her up. Fast work.
579
00:35:22,202 --> 00:35:23,625
Can't keep a good man down.
580
00:35:24,833 --> 00:35:25,958
I meant her.
581
00:35:27,002 --> 00:35:28,000
She knew what she wanted.
582
00:35:28,663 --> 00:35:29,833
What about the husband?
583
00:35:30,463 --> 00:35:31,458
We talked.
584
00:35:31,763 --> 00:35:33,125
They're getting a divorce,
585
00:35:33,166 --> 00:35:36,916
so we can get married
before she starts showing.
586
00:35:37,166 --> 00:35:38,541
How civilized.
587
00:35:40,791 --> 00:35:41,791
You idiot.
588
00:35:42,125 --> 00:35:43,500
This is your community.
589
00:35:44,500 --> 00:35:46,666
You think the rules don't
apply to the golden boy?
590
00:35:47,750 --> 00:35:49,458
Brilliance makes up for a lot.
591
00:35:50,125 --> 00:35:53,541
Don't alienate the only people in the
world that understand what you do.
592
00:35:55,416 --> 00:35:56,833
One day you might need them.
593
00:35:57,083 --> 00:35:59,416
F-A-E-C-T!
594
00:35:59,583 --> 00:36:03,708
Federation of Architects, Engineers,
Chemists and Technicians.
595
00:36:10,873 --> 00:36:12,708
Lomanitz, what do you get paid a month?
596
00:36:13,074 --> 00:36:14,208
That's not the point, Lawrence.
597
00:36:14,255 --> 00:36:18,791
What do any of you have in common
with farm laborers and dock workers?
598
00:36:19,208 --> 00:36:20,211
Plenty.
599
00:36:21,666 --> 00:36:23,583
Everybody out. Now!
600
00:36:28,250 --> 00:36:29,250
Not you.
601
00:36:35,541 --> 00:36:36,543
What are you doing?
602
00:36:37,333 --> 00:36:38,333
It's a trade union.
603
00:36:38,943 --> 00:36:42,140
Filled with communists.
-So? I haven't joined the party.
604
00:36:42,184 --> 00:36:45,166
They won't let me bring you onto
the project because of this shit.
605
00:36:45,833 --> 00:36:47,666
They won't even let me
tell you what the project is.
606
00:36:47,708 --> 00:36:49,833
Oh, I know what the project is.
607
00:36:49,875 --> 00:36:50,958
Oh, really?
608
00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:53,782
We've all heard about Einstein
and Szilard's letter to Roosevelt
609
00:36:53,806 --> 00:36:55,250
warning him the Germans could make a bomb,
610
00:36:55,291 --> 00:36:58,500
and I know what it means
for the Nazis to have a bomb.
611
00:36:58,708 --> 00:36:59,708
And I don't?
612
00:37:00,195 --> 00:37:02,333
It's not your people
they're herding into camps.
613
00:37:03,157 --> 00:37:04,167
It's mine.
614
00:37:05,208 --> 00:37:07,541
You think that I tell them
about your politics?
615
00:37:09,625 --> 00:37:11,458
The next time you're
coming home from a meeting,
616
00:37:11,583 --> 00:37:13,458
why don't you take a look
in the rearview mirror,
617
00:37:13,791 --> 00:37:18,458
listen to the sounds on your phone line,
and stop being so goddamn naive?
618
00:37:20,041 --> 00:37:21,291
Why would they care what I do?
619
00:37:21,573 --> 00:37:25,208
Because you're not just self-important,
you're actually important.
620
00:37:28,916 --> 00:37:29,917
Okay.
621
00:37:31,416 --> 00:37:32,416
I get it.
622
00:37:32,441 --> 00:37:34,199
If you could just be a little more...
623
00:37:34,223 --> 00:37:37,181
Pragmatic. I'll talk to Lomanitz,
I'll talk to the others.
624
00:37:37,225 --> 00:37:38,541
You don't have to worry, it's done.
625
00:37:39,333 --> 00:37:40,334
Lawrence.
626
00:37:45,458 --> 00:37:46,583
Then welcome to the war.
627
00:37:47,583 --> 00:37:50,958
I filled out my first security
questionnaire and was informed
628
00:37:51,000 --> 00:37:53,655
that my involvement
with left-wing groups would
629
00:37:54,125 --> 00:37:57,166
not prove a bar to my
working on the atomic program.
630
00:37:57,196 --> 00:37:59,916
Why were his communist associations
631
00:37:59,958 --> 00:38:02,875
not seen as a security
risk during the war?
632
00:38:02,919 --> 00:38:04,669
Senator, I can't possibly answer
633
00:38:04,693 --> 00:38:07,997
for security clearance granted
years before I ever met the man.
634
00:38:08,041 --> 00:38:09,250
Fine. What about after?
635
00:38:10,041 --> 00:38:12,522
After the war, Dr. Oppenheimer was
636
00:38:12,546 --> 00:38:15,708
the most respected
scientific voice in the world.
637
00:38:15,916 --> 00:38:18,048
That's why I asked him
to run the Institute.
638
00:38:18,092 --> 00:38:20,916
That's why he advised
the Atomic Energy Commission.
639
00:38:21,166 --> 00:38:22,166
Simple as that.
640
00:38:22,666 --> 00:38:24,041
What are they accusing me of?
641
00:38:24,916 --> 00:38:28,226
I think they just want to know what
happened between 1947 and 1954
642
00:38:28,250 --> 00:38:30,791
to change your mind on
Oppenheimer's security clearance.
643
00:38:31,041 --> 00:38:32,041
I didn't.
644
00:38:32,166 --> 00:38:34,958
I was chair of the AEC, but it wasn't me
645
00:38:35,500 --> 00:38:38,225
that brought the charges against Robert.
-Who did?
646
00:38:38,291 --> 00:38:40,791
Some former staff member of the
Joint Congressional Committee.
647
00:38:40,833 --> 00:38:43,291
He was a rabid anti-communist
named Borden.
648
00:38:43,695 --> 00:38:46,155
He wrote to the FBI
demanding they take action.
649
00:38:46,291 --> 00:38:48,750
The FBI? Why not go to the AEC direct?
650
00:38:48,916 --> 00:38:51,000
You'd get caught
holding the knife yourself.
651
00:38:51,741 --> 00:38:53,291
What did Borden have against Oppenheimer?
652
00:38:53,541 --> 00:38:54,750
This is the McCarthy era.
653
00:38:55,874 --> 00:38:59,750
People hounded out of jobs
for any hint of red, and...
654
00:39:00,661 --> 00:39:03,791
Reading Oppenheimer's security file,
his communist brother,
655
00:39:03,833 --> 00:39:06,583
sister-in-law, fiancรฉe, best friend, wife.
656
00:39:06,875 --> 00:39:09,322
That's before we even get
to the Chevalier incident.
657
00:39:09,375 --> 00:39:12,291
But how would Borden have access
to Oppenheimer's security file?
658
00:39:12,745 --> 00:39:14,166
Because somebody gave it to him.
659
00:39:15,750 --> 00:39:17,958
Somebody who wanted Robert silenced.
660
00:39:18,666 --> 00:39:20,208
Who?
-Who knows?
661
00:39:20,288 --> 00:39:24,166
Robert didn't take care not to upset
the power brokers in Washington.
662
00:39:25,130 --> 00:39:27,458
His opinions on the atom
became definitive,
663
00:39:27,875 --> 00:39:30,333
and he wasn't always patient
with us mere mortals.
664
00:39:34,125 --> 00:39:36,458
I came in for plenty of harsh treatment.
665
00:39:36,500 --> 00:39:39,416
There was an AEC vote
666
00:39:39,916 --> 00:39:42,250
on the export of isotopes to Norway,
667
00:39:42,291 --> 00:39:45,041
and they drafted in Robert
to make me look like a fool.
668
00:39:45,091 --> 00:39:48,293
But Dr. Oppenheimer, we've
already heard from Admiral Strauss
669
00:39:48,317 --> 00:39:51,416
that these isotopes could be
useful to our enemies
670
00:39:51,458 --> 00:39:52,916
in the production of atomic weapons.
671
00:39:52,994 --> 00:39:56,291
Congressman, you could use a shovel
in making atomic weapons.
672
00:39:56,416 --> 00:39:57,352
In fact, you do.
673
00:39:57,396 --> 00:40:00,393
You could use a bottle of beer
in making atomic weapons.
674
00:40:00,437 --> 00:40:03,083
In fact, you do. I'd say isotopes are
675
00:40:03,125 --> 00:40:05,208
less useful than electronic components,
676
00:40:05,250 --> 00:40:06,875
but more useful than a sandwich.
677
00:40:11,125 --> 00:40:12,625
Genius is no guarantee of wisdom.
678
00:40:13,708 --> 00:40:16,250
How could this man who
saw so much be so blind?
679
00:40:26,083 --> 00:40:27,083
Kitty?
680
00:40:32,208 --> 00:40:33,208
Kitty?
681
00:40:34,750 --> 00:40:35,750
Kitty.
682
00:40:36,125 --> 00:40:37,125
The project.
683
00:40:38,083 --> 00:40:39,083
I'm in.
684
00:40:40,166 --> 00:40:42,291
I'm in!
-Let's celebrate.
685
00:40:48,416 --> 00:40:49,625
Shouldn't you go to him?
686
00:40:54,708 --> 00:40:57,791
I have been going to him all fucking day.
687
00:41:23,625 --> 00:41:25,250
I don't know how to say this.
688
00:41:26,794 --> 00:41:27,916
I'm ashamed to ask.
689
00:41:28,666 --> 00:41:29,666
Anything.
690
00:41:30,576 --> 00:41:32,291
Take Peter.
-Sure.
691
00:41:32,458 --> 00:41:34,458
No, for a while, Haak.
692
00:41:35,208 --> 00:41:36,207
A while.
693
00:41:38,458 --> 00:41:41,500
Does Kitty know you're here?
-Yes, of course she knows.
694
00:41:42,625 --> 00:41:43,750
Of course she knows.
695
00:41:44,874 --> 00:41:47,193
We're awful people.
Selfish, awful people.
696
00:41:49,791 --> 00:41:50,792
Forget I asked.
697
00:41:50,836 --> 00:41:52,852
Selfish, awful people,
698
00:41:52,896 --> 00:41:55,458
they don't know they're selfish and awful.
699
00:41:56,057 --> 00:41:57,291
Sit, sit, sit.
700
00:41:58,875 --> 00:42:02,791
Robert, you see beyond
the world we live in.
701
00:42:04,579 --> 00:42:06,500
There is a price to be paid for that.
702
00:42:07,166 --> 00:42:08,333
Of course we'll help you.
703
00:42:19,708 --> 00:42:21,458
Everything's changing, Robert.
704
00:42:22,166 --> 00:42:23,875
Having a child was
always going to change...
705
00:42:23,916 --> 00:42:27,416
No, the world is pivoting
in some new direction.
706
00:42:28,583 --> 00:42:29,666
Reforming.
707
00:42:32,208 --> 00:42:33,291
This is your moment.
708
00:42:35,211 --> 00:42:38,250
We're putting together a group to study...
-We shouldn't be doing anything.
709
00:42:38,593 --> 00:42:39,582
You should.
710
00:42:40,395 --> 00:42:42,041
Lawrence won't get this done.
711
00:42:42,625 --> 00:42:44,458
Or Tolman or Rabi. You will.
712
00:42:54,000 --> 00:42:55,125
Who are the uniforms?
713
00:42:56,500 --> 00:42:57,500
I thought you might know.
714
00:43:00,140 --> 00:43:01,124
Dr. Oppenheimer.
715
00:43:02,583 --> 00:43:05,875
I'm Colonel Groves. This is
Lieutenant Colonel Nichols.
716
00:43:06,125 --> 00:43:07,123
Have that dry cleaned.
717
00:43:13,004 --> 00:43:15,458
Well, if that's how you treat
a lieutenant colonel,
718
00:43:15,500 --> 00:43:18,875
I'd hate to see how you treat a...
humble physicist.
719
00:43:18,916 --> 00:43:20,791
If I ever meet one, I'll let you know.
720
00:43:21,791 --> 00:43:24,375
Ouch.
-Theaters of combat all over the world,
721
00:43:24,416 --> 00:43:26,000
but I have to stay in Washington.
722
00:43:26,791 --> 00:43:28,910
Why?
-I built the Pentagon.
723
00:43:28,954 --> 00:43:30,166
The brass likes it so much,
724
00:43:30,208 --> 00:43:33,375
they made me take over
the Manhattan Engineer District.
725
00:43:34,197 --> 00:43:36,916
Which is?
-Don't be a smartass.
726
00:43:37,166 --> 00:43:38,276
You know damn well what it is.
727
00:43:38,320 --> 00:43:40,837
You and half of every physics
department across the country.
728
00:43:40,881 --> 00:43:42,125
That's problem number one.
729
00:43:42,916 --> 00:43:45,875
I thought problem number one
would be securing enough uranium ore.
730
00:43:46,208 --> 00:43:49,500
1,200 tons, bought the day I took charge.
-Processing?
731
00:43:49,791 --> 00:43:51,750
Just broke ground at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
732
00:43:53,113 --> 00:43:54,750
Now I'm looking for a project director.
733
00:43:55,666 --> 00:43:56,750
And my name came up?
734
00:43:57,250 --> 00:43:58,250
Nope.
735
00:43:59,083 --> 00:44:02,583
Even though you brought quantum physics
to America, which made me curious.
736
00:44:03,291 --> 00:44:04,375
What have you found out?
737
00:44:05,744 --> 00:44:09,500
You're a dilettante, a womanizer,
a suspected communist.
738
00:44:09,541 --> 00:44:12,166
I'm a New Deal Democrat.
-I said "suspected".
739
00:44:12,666 --> 00:44:16,773
Unstable, theatrical,
egotistical, neurotic.
740
00:44:16,817 --> 00:44:17,834
Nothing good, no?
741
00:44:17,878 --> 00:44:19,784
Not even "he's brilliant, but..."
742
00:44:19,808 --> 00:44:22,416
Well, brilliance is taken
for granted in your circle, so no.
743
00:44:23,166 --> 00:44:26,041
No, the only person who had anything
good to say was Richard Tolman.
744
00:44:26,916 --> 00:44:28,625
Tolman thinks you have integrity,
745
00:44:28,875 --> 00:44:33,291
but he also strikes me as a guy who
knows more about science than people.
746
00:44:33,791 --> 00:44:34,792
Yet here you are.
747
00:44:35,830 --> 00:44:37,291
You don't take much on trust.
748
00:44:37,500 --> 00:44:38,958
I don't take anything on trust.
749
00:44:43,126 --> 00:44:44,458
Why don't you have a Nobel Prize?
750
00:44:44,807 --> 00:44:46,966
Why aren't you a general?
-They're making me one for this.
751
00:44:47,041 --> 00:44:48,446
Perhaps I'll have the same luck.
752
00:44:48,448 --> 00:44:49,985
The Nobel Prize for making a bomb?
753
00:44:50,029 --> 00:44:51,875
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
754
00:44:54,931 --> 00:44:56,000
So how would you proceed?
755
00:44:58,103 --> 00:45:02,585
You're talking about turning theory
into a practical weapon system
756
00:45:02,833 --> 00:45:05,875
faster than the Nazis.
-Who have a 12-month head start.
757
00:45:06,041 --> 00:45:08,041
18.
-How could you possibly know that?
758
00:45:08,333 --> 00:45:10,528
Our fast neutron research took six months.
759
00:45:10,572 --> 00:45:13,530
The man they've undoubtedly put in charge
will have made that leap instantly.
760
00:45:13,574 --> 00:45:15,714
Who do you think they put in charge?
-Werner Heisenberg.
761
00:45:15,916 --> 00:45:20,041
He has the most intuitive understanding
of atomic structure I have ever seen.
762
00:45:20,219 --> 00:45:21,750
You know his work?
-I know him,
763
00:45:22,041 --> 00:45:24,378
just like I know Walther Bothe,
von Weizsรคcker, Diebner.
764
00:45:24,422 --> 00:45:25,958
In a straight race, the Germans win.
765
00:45:26,804 --> 00:45:28,458
We've got one hope.
-Which is?
766
00:45:29,916 --> 00:45:30,917
Antisemitism.
767
00:45:33,000 --> 00:45:33,958
What?
768
00:45:33,986 --> 00:45:36,625
Hitler called quantum physics
"Jewish science".
769
00:45:36,666 --> 00:45:38,000
Said it right to Einstein's face.
770
00:45:38,041 --> 00:45:41,541
Our one hope is that Hitler
is so blinded by hate
771
00:45:41,583 --> 00:45:43,625
that he's denied Heisenberg
proper resources,
772
00:45:43,666 --> 00:45:45,416
because it'll take vast resources.
773
00:45:45,541 --> 00:45:48,250
Our nation's best scientists working
together. Right now, they're scattered.
774
00:45:48,349 --> 00:45:50,000
Which gives us compartmentalization.
775
00:45:50,291 --> 00:45:53,266
All minds have to see the whole task
to contribute efficiently.
776
00:45:53,310 --> 00:45:55,541
Poor security may cost us the race.
777
00:45:55,583 --> 00:45:56,750
Inefficiency will.
778
00:45:57,659 --> 00:45:59,125
The Germans know more than us anyway.
779
00:45:59,601 --> 00:46:00,750
The Russians don't.
780
00:46:02,483 --> 00:46:05,333
Remind me, who are we at war with?
781
00:46:05,916 --> 00:46:08,750
Somebody with your past doesn't
want to be seen downplaying
782
00:46:08,791 --> 00:46:12,125
the importance of security
from our communist allies.
783
00:46:13,208 --> 00:46:15,333
Point taken, but... no.
784
00:46:15,754 --> 00:46:17,083
You don't get to say no to me.
785
00:46:17,250 --> 00:46:19,333
It's my job to say no to you
when you're wrong.
786
00:46:20,250 --> 00:46:21,625
So you have the job now?
787
00:46:21,708 --> 00:46:23,208
Uh, I'm considering it.
788
00:46:26,539 --> 00:46:28,541
I'm starting to see where
you got your reputation.
789
00:46:30,208 --> 00:46:31,416
My favorite response:
790
00:46:32,541 --> 00:46:34,666
"Oppenheimer couldn't run
a hamburger stand."
791
00:46:36,625 --> 00:46:37,625
I couldn't.
792
00:46:39,791 --> 00:46:41,625
But I can run the Manhattan Project.
793
00:46:43,156 --> 00:46:44,750
There's a way to balance these things.
794
00:46:45,797 --> 00:46:48,791
Keep the Rad Lab here
at Berkeley, under Lawrence.
795
00:46:49,250 --> 00:46:51,291
Met Lab in Chicago, under Szilard.
796
00:46:51,500 --> 00:46:53,458
Large-scale refining, where
did you say, Tennessee?
797
00:46:53,875 --> 00:46:55,250
And Hanford.
-And Hanford.
798
00:46:55,583 --> 00:46:59,000
All America's industrial-minded
scientific innovation,
799
00:46:59,333 --> 00:47:02,500
connected by rail, focused on one goal,
800
00:47:02,750 --> 00:47:04,208
one point in space and time.
801
00:47:04,458 --> 00:47:07,064
And it comes together here,
a secret laboratory.
802
00:47:07,108 --> 00:47:09,405
In the middle of nowhere,
secure, self-sufficient.
803
00:47:09,449 --> 00:47:10,875
Equipment, housing, the works.
804
00:47:10,990 --> 00:47:12,291
Keep everyone there until it's done.
805
00:47:13,299 --> 00:47:16,000
We'll need a school, stores, a church.
-Why?
806
00:47:16,291 --> 00:47:19,083
If we don't let scientists bring their
families, we'll never get the best.
807
00:47:19,321 --> 00:47:21,958
You want security,
build a town. Build it fast.
808
00:47:22,302 --> 00:47:23,291
Where?
809
00:47:27,291 --> 00:47:28,625
Welcome to Los Alamos.
810
00:47:29,325 --> 00:47:31,416
There's a boys' school
we'll have to commandeer,
811
00:47:31,458 --> 00:47:33,416
and the local Indians
come up here for burial rites,
812
00:47:33,458 --> 00:47:35,223
but apart from that, nothing.
813
00:47:35,267 --> 00:47:36,750
40 miles. Any direction.
814
00:47:37,000 --> 00:47:38,333
We'll have to find the perfect spot.
815
00:47:39,088 --> 00:47:40,875
For?
-Success.
816
00:47:46,601 --> 00:47:48,458
Build him a town. Fast.
817
00:47:50,375 --> 00:47:51,791
Let's go recruit some scientists.
818
00:47:52,833 --> 00:47:54,208
Why would I leave my family?
819
00:47:54,250 --> 00:47:56,000
I told you, you can bring your family.
820
00:47:56,083 --> 00:47:58,208
I'm not a soldier, Oppie.
-A soldier?
821
00:47:58,791 --> 00:48:01,083
He's a general. I've got
all the soldier I need.
822
00:48:01,724 --> 00:48:02,749
What can I tell them?
823
00:48:03,484 --> 00:48:06,750
Heisenberg, Diebner, Bothe and Bohr.
What do these men have in common?
824
00:48:06,916 --> 00:48:09,625
Uh, the greatest minds on atomic theory.
-Yes, and?
825
00:48:10,791 --> 00:48:11,792
As much as you like.
826
00:48:13,500 --> 00:48:15,000
Until you feel my boot on your balls.
827
00:48:16,326 --> 00:48:19,833
You know isotopes, and you know explosives
better than anyone in the world.
828
00:48:20,148 --> 00:48:21,416
But you can't tell us what you're doing.
829
00:48:25,625 --> 00:48:27,166
I don't know.
-The Nazis have them.
830
00:48:27,789 --> 00:48:28,848
Niels Bohr's in Copenhagen.
831
00:48:28,875 --> 00:48:31,875
Under Nazi occupation. Did they stop
printing newspapers in Princeton?
832
00:48:32,133 --> 00:48:35,708
Why would we go to the middle of nowhere
for who knows how long?
833
00:48:35,750 --> 00:48:37,416
For a year or two. Or three.
834
00:48:39,041 --> 00:48:41,958
General, could you... give us a moment?
835
00:48:43,398 --> 00:48:45,750
It's about unleashing a strong force.
836
00:48:47,505 --> 00:48:48,791
Before the Nazis do.
837
00:48:49,708 --> 00:48:50,708
Oh my god.
838
00:48:51,208 --> 00:48:53,166
Niels won't work for the Nazis.
-No, never.
839
00:48:53,291 --> 00:48:55,166
But while they have him, we don't.
840
00:48:55,666 --> 00:48:56,708
That's why I need you.
841
00:48:57,083 --> 00:48:58,666
Why would you think I'd do that?
842
00:48:58,958 --> 00:49:00,333
Why? Why?
843
00:49:01,057 --> 00:49:03,166
How about because this is
the most important fucking thing
844
00:49:03,208 --> 00:49:05,083
to ever happen in the
history of the world?
845
00:49:05,291 --> 00:49:06,293
How about that?
846
00:49:07,208 --> 00:49:08,209
Fuck.
847
00:49:13,127 --> 00:49:15,000
They're not gonna let me
onto this project.
848
00:49:16,206 --> 00:49:17,208
And failing a security check
849
00:49:17,250 --> 00:49:19,666
is not going to be good
for a career even after the war.
850
00:49:19,833 --> 00:49:22,125
So you're a fellow traveler. So what?
851
00:49:22,452 --> 00:49:24,151
This is a national emergency.
852
00:49:24,208 --> 00:49:26,625
I've got some skeletons.
They put me in charge.
853
00:49:27,208 --> 00:49:28,207
They need us.
854
00:49:28,666 --> 00:49:29,666
Until they don't.
855
00:49:34,041 --> 00:49:36,083
Is there any chance
of getting Bohr out of Denmark?
856
00:49:36,204 --> 00:49:38,916
Yeah, no dice.
I checked with the British.
857
00:49:39,587 --> 00:49:42,541
Until we get Allied boots back onto
the continent, there's just no way.
858
00:49:44,639 --> 00:49:45,750
Is he that important?
859
00:49:45,791 --> 00:49:48,708
How many people do you know
who proved Einstein wrong?
860
00:49:50,264 --> 00:49:52,333
You know, it really would be
quicker to take a plane.
861
00:49:52,416 --> 00:49:53,458
A plane's too risky.
862
00:49:54,041 --> 00:49:55,041
The country needs us.
863
00:49:58,708 --> 00:49:59,708
What happened, guys?
864
00:49:59,752 --> 00:50:01,916
They say the building's
too small for this cyclotron.
865
00:50:04,750 --> 00:50:06,166
Get them together with the architects.
866
00:50:09,920 --> 00:50:11,333
When's this place supposed to open?
867
00:50:14,662 --> 00:50:15,668
Two months.
868
00:50:16,958 --> 00:50:20,125
Robert, you're the great
improviser, but this...
869
00:50:21,208 --> 00:50:22,541
you can't do in your head.
870
00:50:24,000 --> 00:50:25,041
Four divisions.
871
00:50:26,416 --> 00:50:30,000
Experimental, theoretical, metallurgical.
872
00:50:30,113 --> 00:50:31,375
Who's running theoretical?
873
00:50:31,416 --> 00:50:32,417
I am.
874
00:50:32,594 --> 00:50:35,208
That's what I was afraid of.
You're spread too thin.
875
00:50:36,750 --> 00:50:38,000
So you take theoretical.
876
00:50:41,166 --> 00:50:43,667
I'm not coming here, Robert.
877
00:50:49,958 --> 00:50:50,960
Why not?
878
00:50:57,708 --> 00:51:01,166
You drop a bomb and it falls
on the just and the unjust.
879
00:51:02,791 --> 00:51:05,416
I don't wish the culmination
of three centuries of physics
880
00:51:05,458 --> 00:51:07,083
to be a weapon of mass destruction.
881
00:51:17,208 --> 00:51:18,209
Izzy...
882
00:51:19,166 --> 00:51:23,291
I don't know if we can be trusted
with such a weapon.
883
00:51:25,125 --> 00:51:27,916
But I know the Nazis can't.
884
00:51:32,125 --> 00:51:33,166
We have no choice.
885
00:51:36,125 --> 00:51:37,126
Then...
886
00:51:39,000 --> 00:51:40,208
The second thing you have to do
887
00:51:40,250 --> 00:51:43,333
is appoint Hans Bethe
to run the theoretical division.
888
00:51:45,793 --> 00:51:47,583
Wait, what was the first?
889
00:51:47,875 --> 00:51:49,791
Take off that ridiculous uniform.
890
00:51:50,254 --> 00:51:51,375
You're a scientist.
891
00:51:51,655 --> 00:51:53,125
Groves is insisting we join.
892
00:51:53,455 --> 00:51:55,166
Tell Groves to go shit in his hat.
893
00:51:55,749 --> 00:51:57,083
They need us for who we are.
894
00:51:57,411 --> 00:51:58,417
So be yourself.
895
00:51:59,416 --> 00:52:00,418
Only better.
896
00:52:40,541 --> 00:52:41,625
This is the only key.
897
00:52:42,208 --> 00:52:44,125
And Teller's already here.
898
00:52:44,458 --> 00:52:46,821
Shall I just show him in?
-No, let's wait for the others.
899
00:52:55,041 --> 00:52:56,042
Let's get started.
900
00:52:56,708 --> 00:52:59,166
Hello, Edward.
-Yes.
901
00:52:59,333 --> 00:53:01,648
Gentlemen, so, we will work here
902
00:53:01,672 --> 00:53:04,750
until the T Section
at Los Alamos is finished.
903
00:53:04,791 --> 00:53:06,541
Edward, can I...?
-This is more important.
904
00:53:09,041 --> 00:53:12,875
When I calculated the chain reaction,
I found a rather troubling possibility.
905
00:53:14,166 --> 00:53:16,750
No, this can't be right.
906
00:53:17,666 --> 00:53:19,125
Show me how you did your calculations.
907
00:53:19,425 --> 00:53:20,418
Yes.
908
00:53:24,125 --> 00:53:27,208
Exponential.
-No, no, no. No.
909
00:53:30,666 --> 00:53:31,708
This is fantasy.
910
00:53:32,458 --> 00:53:33,916
Teller's calculations can't be right.
911
00:53:34,916 --> 00:53:36,791
Do them yourself while I go to Princeton.
912
00:53:37,234 --> 00:53:39,211
What for?
-To talk to Einstein.
913
00:53:39,255 --> 00:53:41,375
Well, there's not much
common ground between the two.
914
00:53:41,583 --> 00:53:42,958
That's why I should get his view.
915
00:53:48,416 --> 00:53:49,583
Albert.
-Hmm?
916
00:53:50,166 --> 00:53:52,333
Ah, Dr. Oppenheimer.
917
00:53:52,875 --> 00:53:54,250
Have you met Dr. Gรถdel?
918
00:53:54,624 --> 00:53:56,208
We walk here most days.
919
00:53:56,541 --> 00:54:00,208
Trees have the most inspiring structures.
920
00:54:00,875 --> 00:54:02,666
Albert, might I have a word?
921
00:54:03,208 --> 00:54:04,958
Of course. Excuse me, Kurt.
922
00:54:07,000 --> 00:54:09,541
Some days Kurt refuses to eat.
923
00:54:09,958 --> 00:54:14,333
Even in Princeton, he's convinced
that the Nazis can poison his food.
924
00:54:25,818 --> 00:54:28,333
Whose, whose work is this?
925
00:54:28,750 --> 00:54:29,751
Teller's.
926
00:54:31,029 --> 00:54:32,666
What do you take it to mean?
927
00:54:33,530 --> 00:54:35,333
Neutrons smash into the nucleus,
928
00:54:35,375 --> 00:54:38,625
releasing neutrons
to smash into other nuclei.
929
00:54:39,541 --> 00:54:40,543
Criticality.
930
00:54:40,731 --> 00:54:43,083
Point of no return.
Massive explosive force.
931
00:54:43,391 --> 00:54:45,750
But this time, the chain
reaction doesn't stop.
932
00:54:46,708 --> 00:54:48,791
It would ignite the atmosphere.
933
00:54:50,916 --> 00:54:54,875
When we detonate an atomic device,
we might start a chain reaction that...
934
00:54:56,041 --> 00:54:57,168
destroys the world.
935
00:54:58,541 --> 00:54:59,833
So here we are, hmm?
936
00:55:00,291 --> 00:55:04,166
Lost in your quantum
world of probabilities,
937
00:55:04,625 --> 00:55:06,166
and needing certainty.
938
00:55:07,041 --> 00:55:08,916
Can you run the calculations yourself?
939
00:55:09,958 --> 00:55:12,291
About the only thing
you and I have in common
940
00:55:12,333 --> 00:55:14,375
is a disdain for mathematics.
941
00:55:14,541 --> 00:55:16,666
Who's working on this in Berkeley?
942
00:55:16,752 --> 00:55:17,750
Hans Bethe.
943
00:55:17,791 --> 00:55:19,625
Well, he'll get to the truth.
944
00:55:21,666 --> 00:55:23,500
And if the truth is catastrophic?
945
00:55:24,458 --> 00:55:28,625
Then you stop, and you share
your findings with the Nazis.
946
00:55:29,619 --> 00:55:31,833
So neither side destroys the world.
947
00:55:35,791 --> 00:55:36,798
Robert.
948
00:55:38,376 --> 00:55:40,333
This is yours, not mine.
949
00:55:54,416 --> 00:55:55,416
Teller's wrong.
950
00:55:56,111 --> 00:55:57,126
He's wrong.
951
00:56:06,955 --> 00:56:10,791
When you know Teller's critical
assumptions, the real picture emerges.
952
00:56:10,896 --> 00:56:11,916
Bottom line?
953
00:56:12,791 --> 00:56:15,625
The chances of an out-of-control
nuclear reaction are near-zero.
954
00:56:15,858 --> 00:56:16,958
Near-zero.
955
00:56:18,583 --> 00:56:19,958
Oppie, this is good news.
956
00:56:20,041 --> 00:56:21,044
Mm-hmm.
957
00:56:22,221 --> 00:56:23,209
Can you run them again?
958
00:56:23,289 --> 00:56:24,625
Oh, you'll get the same answer.
959
00:56:25,190 --> 00:56:26,833
Until they actually detonate
one of these things,
960
00:56:26,875 --> 00:56:28,583
the best assurance
you're going to get is this.
961
00:56:29,416 --> 00:56:30,416
Near-zero.
962
00:56:33,933 --> 00:56:35,708
Theory will take you only so far.
963
00:56:36,458 --> 00:56:38,250
Hello!
-Hi.
964
00:56:38,414 --> 00:56:39,417
We missed him.
965
00:56:39,795 --> 00:56:40,793
You want to adopt?
966
00:56:41,015 --> 00:56:42,001
She's kidding.
967
00:56:42,056 --> 00:56:43,833
We wanted to see you before we left.
968
00:56:44,456 --> 00:56:46,791
For parts unknown.
969
00:56:47,998 --> 00:56:49,666
You know who I ran into the other day?
970
00:56:50,250 --> 00:56:51,251
Eltenton.
971
00:56:53,166 --> 00:56:55,416
That chemist from Shell?
The union guy?
972
00:56:55,600 --> 00:56:58,125
Yeah, the FAECT guy.
973
00:56:59,521 --> 00:57:01,583
He was moaning about
how we're handling the war.
974
00:57:02,763 --> 00:57:03,751
How so?
975
00:57:04,443 --> 00:57:06,666
Lack of cooperation with our allies.
976
00:57:07,291 --> 00:57:11,208
Apparently, our government's not sharing
any research with the Russians.
977
00:57:11,916 --> 00:57:15,416
He said most scientists
think the policy is stupid.
978
00:57:18,791 --> 00:57:20,500
Oh, yeah?
-Yeah.
979
00:57:21,306 --> 00:57:25,041
He mentioned that if anyone had
anything they wanted to pass on,
980
00:57:26,166 --> 00:57:29,500
going around official channels,
that he could help.
981
00:57:38,333 --> 00:57:39,500
That would be treason.
982
00:57:40,840 --> 00:57:41,916
Yes, of course.
983
00:57:43,041 --> 00:57:44,250
I just thought you should know.
984
00:57:47,244 --> 00:57:48,833
The brat is down.
985
00:57:49,405 --> 00:57:50,418
Where are the martinis?
986
00:57:55,875 --> 00:57:56,876
Coming right up.
987
00:57:57,416 --> 00:57:59,125
The conversation ended there.
988
00:57:59,416 --> 00:58:02,416
Nothing in our long-standing friendship
would have led me to believe
989
00:58:02,458 --> 00:58:05,375
that Chevalier was actually
seeking information,
990
00:58:05,501 --> 00:58:09,750
and I am certain that he had no idea
of the work in which I was engaged.
991
00:58:14,833 --> 00:58:19,166
It has long been clear to me that I should
have reported this incident at once.
992
00:58:19,691 --> 00:58:22,291
The Oppenheimer situation
highlights the tension
993
00:58:22,333 --> 00:58:25,541
between scientists
and the security apparatus.
994
00:58:25,834 --> 00:58:28,208
In hopes of learning how
the nominee handled such issues
995
00:58:28,250 --> 00:58:30,000
during his time at the AEC,
996
00:58:30,358 --> 00:58:32,958
we'll have a scientist appearing
before the committee.
997
00:58:34,280 --> 00:58:35,333
Who are they bringing in?
998
00:58:35,581 --> 00:58:36,584
They hadn't said.
999
00:58:36,821 --> 00:58:40,708
Mr. Chairman, if I may,
I'm nominated for Commerce Secretary.
1000
00:58:40,824 --> 00:58:43,041
Why seek the opinion of scientists?
1001
00:58:43,486 --> 00:58:45,250
This is a cabinet post, Admiral.
1002
00:58:45,287 --> 00:58:48,125
We seek a wide range of opinion.
1003
00:58:48,166 --> 00:58:50,416
I'd like to know the name
of the scientist testifying.
1004
00:58:50,458 --> 00:58:52,041
I'd like the chance to cross-examine.
1005
00:58:52,541 --> 00:58:53,708
This is not a court.
1006
00:58:55,541 --> 00:58:56,542
Formality, huh?
1007
00:58:56,583 --> 00:59:00,625
No presidential cabinet nominee
has failed to be confirmed since 1925.
1008
00:59:00,791 --> 00:59:02,541
This is just how the game is played.
1009
00:59:02,583 --> 00:59:04,875
It's in the bag, Lewis. So play nice.
1010
00:59:05,458 --> 00:59:06,958
They bring in a scientist, so what?
1011
00:59:07,416 --> 00:59:09,541
You don't know scientists
like I do, Counselor.
1012
00:59:09,583 --> 00:59:11,750
They resent anyone who
questions their judgment,
1013
00:59:11,791 --> 00:59:13,251
especially if you're not one of them.
1014
00:59:13,541 --> 00:59:14,875
I was chair of the AEC.
1015
00:59:15,083 --> 00:59:17,166
I'm easy to blame
for what happened to Robert.
1016
00:59:17,208 --> 00:59:18,500
We can't have the Senate thinking
1017
00:59:18,541 --> 00:59:20,916
the scientific community
doesn't support you, sir.
1018
00:59:22,208 --> 00:59:23,291
Or should we pivot?
1019
00:59:23,916 --> 00:59:25,291
To what?
-And embrace it.
1020
00:59:26,333 --> 00:59:28,333
"I fought Oppenheimer,
and the US won."
1021
00:59:28,625 --> 00:59:30,166
I don't think we need to go there.
1022
00:59:30,208 --> 00:59:32,541
Isn't there someone we can call
who knows what really happened?
1023
00:59:32,583 --> 00:59:34,166
Teller.
-He'll make an impression.
1024
00:59:34,291 --> 00:59:36,083
Can you get the name
of the scientist they've called?
1025
00:59:36,166 --> 00:59:38,583
Probably.
-Find out if he was based in Chicago
1026
00:59:38,833 --> 00:59:40,250
or Los Alamos during the war.
1027
00:59:40,458 --> 00:59:41,291
Why does that matter?
1028
00:59:41,375 --> 00:59:44,041
Well, if he was based in Chicago,
they worked under Szilard and Fermi,
1029
00:59:44,083 --> 00:59:46,041
not the cult to Bobby in Los Alamos.
1030
00:59:46,518 --> 00:59:49,541
Robert built that damn place.
He was founder, mayor, sheriff.
1031
00:59:50,375 --> 00:59:51,578
All rolled into one.
1032
01:00:04,291 --> 01:00:06,000
Now all it needs is a saloon.
1033
01:00:35,791 --> 01:00:36,832
There's no kitchen.
1034
01:00:38,293 --> 01:00:40,416
Really? We'll fix that.
1035
01:00:47,541 --> 01:00:49,708
Barbed wire? Guns?
1036
01:00:50,791 --> 01:00:53,166
Oppie...
-We're at war, Hans.
1037
01:00:56,036 --> 01:00:57,036
Halifax.
1038
01:00:57,500 --> 01:00:58,583
1917.
1039
01:00:58,708 --> 01:01:01,416
A cargo ship carrying munitions
explodes in the harbor.
1040
01:01:04,041 --> 01:01:06,791
A vast and sudden chemical reaction.
1041
01:01:10,583 --> 01:01:13,125
The biggest man-made explosion in history.
1042
01:01:14,029 --> 01:01:16,791
Now, let's calculate how much more
destructive it would have been
1043
01:01:16,833 --> 01:01:19,828
if it were a nuclear and
not a chemical reaction,
1044
01:01:20,416 --> 01:01:23,083
expressing power in terms of tons of TNT.
1045
01:01:23,554 --> 01:01:24,916
But it will be thousands.
1046
01:01:25,416 --> 01:01:28,166
Well, then, kilotons.
1047
01:01:32,083 --> 01:01:34,500
Using U-235,
1048
01:01:35,375 --> 01:01:36,791
the bomb will need a...
-Uh...
1049
01:01:37,744 --> 01:01:41,000
Sorry. Gadget will need
a 33-pound sphere
1050
01:01:41,210 --> 01:01:42,458
about this size,
1051
01:01:42,619 --> 01:01:45,958
or using plutonium, a ten-pound sphere.
1052
01:01:47,878 --> 01:01:51,833
Here's the amount of uranium
Oak Ridge refined all of last month.
1053
01:01:55,875 --> 01:01:58,578
And the Hanford plant
made this much plutonium.
1054
01:02:00,900 --> 01:02:04,708
Now, if we can enrich these amounts,
we need a way to detonate them.
1055
01:02:05,833 --> 01:02:07,041
Are we boring you, Edward?
1056
01:02:08,119 --> 01:02:09,250
A little bit, yes.
1057
01:02:09,583 --> 01:02:10,750
May I ask why?
1058
01:02:11,000 --> 01:02:14,250
We all entered this room
knowing a fission bomb was possible.
1059
01:02:15,070 --> 01:02:16,791
How about we leave it with something new?
1060
01:02:17,131 --> 01:02:18,126
Such as?
1061
01:02:18,416 --> 01:02:21,958
Instead of uranium or plutonium,
we use hydrogen.
1062
01:02:23,095 --> 01:02:25,708
Heavy hydrogen. Deuterium.
1063
01:02:26,773 --> 01:02:29,125
You see, we compact the atoms together
1064
01:02:29,166 --> 01:02:32,333
under great pressure
to induce a fusion reaction.
1065
01:02:33,583 --> 01:02:37,458
Then we'll get not kilotons, but megatons.
1066
01:02:38,416 --> 01:02:39,833
Okay, hang on, hang on.
1067
01:02:40,369 --> 01:02:44,208
So how do you generate enough
force to fuse hydrogen atoms?
1068
01:02:45,416 --> 01:02:46,583
A small fission bomb.
1069
01:02:47,500 --> 01:02:48,626
There we are!
1070
01:02:50,740 --> 01:02:52,541
Well, since we're going
to need one anyway,
1071
01:02:52,583 --> 01:02:54,083
can we get back to the business at hand?
1072
01:02:54,333 --> 01:02:57,541
The isotopes issue
wasn't your most important
1073
01:02:57,875 --> 01:03:00,666
policy disagreement
with Dr. Oppenheimer.
1074
01:03:00,720 --> 01:03:03,139
It was the hydrogen bomb, wasn't it?
1075
01:03:03,291 --> 01:03:08,041
As colleagues, we agreed to disagree
on a great many things, uh...
1076
01:03:08,416 --> 01:03:12,125
And one of them was the need
for an H-bomb program, yes.
1077
01:03:25,791 --> 01:03:28,369
Thanks for convening on short notice.
1078
01:03:28,619 --> 01:03:29,661
I can't believe it.
1079
01:03:31,041 --> 01:03:34,291
But here we are. Catch me up.
What do we know?
1080
01:03:34,500 --> 01:03:38,500
One of our B-29s over the North
Pacific has detected radiation.
1081
01:03:38,914 --> 01:03:41,458
Do we have the filter papers?
-There's no doubt what this is.
1082
01:03:41,947 --> 01:03:44,833
White House says there's a doubt.
-Wishful thinking, I'm afraid.
1083
01:03:44,875 --> 01:03:47,708
Are those the long-range
detection filter papers?
1084
01:03:48,525 --> 01:03:49,833
It's an atomic test.
1085
01:03:53,500 --> 01:03:54,750
The Russians have a bomb.
1086
01:03:55,291 --> 01:03:57,916
We're supposed to be years
ahead of them, but this...
1087
01:03:58,708 --> 01:04:01,956
What were you guys doing in Los Alamos?
Wasn't security tight?
1088
01:04:02,042 --> 01:04:04,666
Of course it was. You weren't there.
-Forgive me, Doctor.
1089
01:04:06,958 --> 01:04:07,959
But I was there.
1090
01:04:09,291 --> 01:04:12,500
We can now consider the
actual mechanics of detonation.
1091
01:04:12,833 --> 01:04:15,416
Any ideas?
-I call this shooting.
1092
01:04:15,458 --> 01:04:19,333
We fire a chunk of fissionable
material into a larger sphere
1093
01:04:19,375 --> 01:04:21,416
with enough
force to achieve criticality.
1094
01:04:22,333 --> 01:04:25,049
What do we think? Anyone?
-I've been thinking about implosion.
1095
01:04:25,458 --> 01:04:28,541
Explosives around the sphere
blast inwards, crushing the material.
1096
01:04:29,583 --> 01:04:32,500
I'd like to investigate that idea.
-I'll talk to ordnance.
1097
01:04:32,583 --> 01:04:33,666
Get you blowing things up.
1098
01:04:34,916 --> 01:04:36,744
Progress?
-Nice to see you too.
1099
01:04:37,750 --> 01:04:39,041
Meet the British contingent.
1100
01:04:39,375 --> 01:04:41,416
Dr. Oppenheimer. Klaus Fuchs.
1101
01:04:41,750 --> 01:04:44,583
How long have you been British?
-Since Hitler told me I wasn't German.
1102
01:04:44,875 --> 01:04:47,583
Ah. Come, welcome to Los Alamos.
1103
01:04:48,625 --> 01:04:49,750
The school's up and running.
1104
01:04:50,156 --> 01:04:52,250
The bar.
-Always running.
1105
01:04:53,375 --> 01:04:55,416
And I thought of a way
to reduce support staff.
1106
01:04:57,000 --> 01:04:58,708
Is that...?
-Mrs. Serber, yes.
1107
01:04:58,878 --> 01:05:02,166
I've offered jobs to all the wives,
admin, librarians, computation.
1108
01:05:02,291 --> 01:05:04,250
We cut down on staff,
keep families together.
1109
01:05:04,500 --> 01:05:06,416
Are these women qualified?
-Don't be absurd.
1110
01:05:06,458 --> 01:05:08,625
These are some of the
brightest minds in our community.
1111
01:05:08,666 --> 01:05:10,083
And they're already security cleared.
1112
01:05:10,875 --> 01:05:12,954
I've informed General Groves
you've been holding cross-divisional
1113
01:05:12,978 --> 01:05:15,541
open discussions on a nightly basis.
-Shut them down.
1114
01:05:15,958 --> 01:05:17,583
Compartmentalization is the key
1115
01:05:17,791 --> 01:05:19,416
to maintaining security...
-Only the top men.
1116
01:05:19,458 --> 01:05:21,416
Who presumably
communicate with subordinates.
1117
01:05:21,465 --> 01:05:23,300
These men aren't stupid.
They can be discreet.
1118
01:05:23,583 --> 01:05:25,291
I don't like it.
-You don't like anything enough
1119
01:05:25,333 --> 01:05:26,666
for that to be a fair test.
1120
01:05:33,041 --> 01:05:35,166
Once a week. Top men only.
1121
01:05:35,749 --> 01:05:37,500
I'd like to bring my brother here.
-No.
1122
01:05:39,625 --> 01:05:40,624
Nichols?
1123
01:05:42,250 --> 01:05:44,791
I still haven't heard that my security
clearance has been approved.
1124
01:05:44,875 --> 01:05:46,750
It hasn't.
-I'm going to Chicago tomorrow.
1125
01:05:47,041 --> 01:05:48,042
Well, you should wait.
1126
01:05:48,708 --> 01:05:51,041
You are aware that the Nazis
have a two-year head start?
1127
01:05:51,286 --> 01:05:53,166
Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact
that your security clearance
1128
01:05:53,208 --> 01:05:55,261
is proving difficult
to obtain is not my fault.
1129
01:05:55,583 --> 01:05:56,565
It's yours.
1130
01:05:56,625 --> 01:05:59,389
It may not be your fault, but it's
your problem. Because I'm going.
1131
01:06:00,291 --> 01:06:02,291
And how many people were in these, uh...
1132
01:06:03,083 --> 01:06:05,083
open discussions?
1133
01:06:05,166 --> 01:06:07,539
Too many. Compartmentalization
was supposed to be the protocol.
1134
01:06:07,578 --> 01:06:09,000
We were in a race
against the Nazis.
1135
01:06:09,041 --> 01:06:11,375
And now the race
is against the Soviets.
1136
01:06:11,416 --> 01:06:15,958
Not unless we start it.
-Robert, they just fired the starting gun.
1137
01:06:16,625 --> 01:06:18,469
What's the nature of the
device they detonated?
1138
01:06:19,000 --> 01:06:22,500
Data indicates it may have been
a plutonium implosion device.
1139
01:06:22,541 --> 01:06:25,039
Like the one you built at Los Alamos.
1140
01:06:25,666 --> 01:06:26,728
The Russians have a bomb.
1141
01:06:27,375 --> 01:06:30,625
Truman needs to know what's next.
-What's next? Arms talks.
1142
01:06:30,875 --> 01:06:32,000
Arms talks?
-Obviously.
1143
01:06:33,416 --> 01:06:36,166
What about the Super?
Does Truman even know about it?
1144
01:06:36,208 --> 01:06:37,575
Did we brief him on that?
1145
01:06:38,166 --> 01:06:39,216
Not specifically.
1146
01:06:39,500 --> 01:06:42,302
We still don't know if a hydrogen
bomb is technically feasible.
1147
01:06:42,375 --> 01:06:44,708
Right, my understanding
is that Teller proposed it.
1148
01:06:44,750 --> 01:06:45,875
Yes.
-At Los Alamos?
1149
01:06:45,916 --> 01:06:48,208
Teller's designs have
always been wildly impractical.
1150
01:06:48,250 --> 01:06:51,250
You'd have to deliver
by oxcart, not airplane.
1151
01:06:51,583 --> 01:06:53,291
Oppie!
-I'm sorry, Dr. Lawrence,
1152
01:06:53,333 --> 01:06:54,625
do you want to comment?
1153
01:06:56,458 --> 01:06:57,460
No.
1154
01:06:59,458 --> 01:07:01,500
Because if it can
put us ahead again,
1155
01:07:02,063 --> 01:07:06,541
the President of the United States
needs to know about it.
1156
01:07:08,625 --> 01:07:11,416
And if the Russians know
about it already from a spy,
1157
01:07:11,618 --> 01:07:14,610
at Los Alamos, then
we've got to get going.
1158
01:07:14,656 --> 01:07:17,235
There's no proof there
was a spy at Los Alamos.
1159
01:07:17,583 --> 01:07:18,583
Robert.
1160
01:07:23,625 --> 01:07:25,000
They put it under the football stadium?
1161
01:07:25,416 --> 01:07:26,708
The field's not in use anymore.
1162
01:07:27,333 --> 01:07:28,379
Just as well.
1163
01:07:31,416 --> 01:07:33,166
Oppie!
-Dr. Fermi.
1164
01:07:36,166 --> 01:07:38,875
I hear you've got a little town.
-Yes, come and see.
1165
01:07:40,291 --> 01:07:43,333
Who could think straight
in a place like that, huh?
1166
01:07:44,541 --> 01:07:46,041
Everybody will go crazy.
1167
01:07:47,333 --> 01:07:49,375
Thank you the vote
of confidence, Szilard.
1168
01:07:50,833 --> 01:07:53,333
Do we really... do we really
need that in the notes?
1169
01:07:54,476 --> 01:07:55,836
Are you gonna try it out?
1170
01:07:56,500 --> 01:07:57,500
We did.
1171
01:07:58,041 --> 01:08:01,083
The first self-sustaining
nuclear chain reaction.
1172
01:08:02,083 --> 01:08:03,125
Didn't Groves tell you?
1173
01:08:04,208 --> 01:08:05,218
No.
1174
01:08:12,846 --> 01:08:14,000
Dr. Oppenheimer?
1175
01:08:15,125 --> 01:08:16,333
I tried personnel.
1176
01:08:16,500 --> 01:08:19,083
They asked if I could type.
-Can you?
1177
01:08:19,208 --> 01:08:21,916
Harvard forgot to teach that on
the graduate chemistry course.
1178
01:08:23,958 --> 01:08:26,375
Condon, put Mrs. Hornig
here on the plutonium team.
1179
01:08:32,291 --> 01:08:34,083
What the hell were you doing in Chicago?
1180
01:08:34,500 --> 01:08:35,958
Visiting the met.
-Why?
1181
01:08:36,000 --> 01:08:37,166
You can't...
-Why?
1182
01:08:37,208 --> 01:08:38,541
Because we, we have every right...
1183
01:08:38,583 --> 01:08:42,583
You have just the rights that
I give you. No more, no less.
1184
01:08:43,083 --> 01:08:46,041
We are adults trying to run
a project here. This is ridiculous.
1185
01:08:46,833 --> 01:08:47,835
Tell him!
1186
01:08:49,261 --> 01:08:51,791
Compartmentalization
is the protocol we agreed to.
1187
01:08:53,208 --> 01:08:56,458
Enough of this madhouse.
Nobody can work under these conditions.
1188
01:08:56,500 --> 01:09:00,125
You know what?
Generalissimo, I quit!
1189
01:09:01,000 --> 01:09:02,000
Thanks for nothing.
1190
01:09:04,583 --> 01:09:05,583
Better off without him.
1191
01:09:07,250 --> 01:09:10,000
Aren't you more concerned
about his discretion out there?
1192
01:09:11,291 --> 01:09:12,292
We'll have him killed.
1193
01:09:14,541 --> 01:09:15,542
I'm just kidding.
1194
01:09:16,666 --> 01:09:18,333
No, he hates me, not America.
1195
01:09:19,000 --> 01:09:21,583
You know, General, not everyone
has levers to pull like mine.
1196
01:09:22,500 --> 01:09:23,500
I don't think I understand.
1197
01:09:24,083 --> 01:09:27,618
You didn't hire me despite my left-wing
past. You hired me because of it.
1198
01:09:28,791 --> 01:09:30,250
So you could control me.
1199
01:09:31,000 --> 01:09:34,469
No, I'm not that subtle.
I'm just a humble soldier.
1200
01:09:35,208 --> 01:09:38,708
You're neither humble, nor just a soldier.
You studied engineering at MIT.
1201
01:09:38,916 --> 01:09:41,083
Guilty as charged.
-Well, now we understand each other,
1202
01:09:41,125 --> 01:09:42,958
perhaps you can get
me my security clearance,
1203
01:09:43,000 --> 01:09:44,875
so I can perform
this miracle for you.
1204
01:09:51,125 --> 01:09:52,291
General Groves,
were you aware
1205
01:09:52,333 --> 01:09:55,708
of Dr. Oppenheimer's left-wing
associations when you appointed him?
1206
01:09:55,875 --> 01:09:58,000
I was aware that there
were suspicions about him.
1207
01:09:58,041 --> 01:10:01,041
I was aware he had a very
extreme liberal background.
1208
01:10:01,292 --> 01:10:04,470
In your opinion, would he ever
consciously commit a disloyal act?
1209
01:10:04,564 --> 01:10:06,166
I would be amazed if he did.
1210
01:10:06,314 --> 01:10:08,860
So you had complete
confidence in his integrity?
1211
01:10:09,079 --> 01:10:11,833
At Los Alamos, yes. Which
is where I really knew him.
1212
01:10:12,041 --> 01:10:14,509
Do you know that your
security officers on the project
1213
01:10:14,564 --> 01:10:16,875
advised you against the
clearance of Dr. Oppenheimer?
1214
01:10:16,916 --> 01:10:20,791
They could not, and would not,
clear him until I insisted.
1215
01:10:20,958 --> 01:10:22,833
And it's safe to say that you
had pretty good knowledge
1216
01:10:22,875 --> 01:10:25,166
of Dr. Oppenheimer's security file.
-I did.
1217
01:10:26,416 --> 01:10:28,833
Well, then there's only really one
question I need answered here today.
1218
01:10:28,916 --> 01:10:33,166
In light of the current AEC guidelines,
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1219
01:10:33,754 --> 01:10:34,875
Do you have the guidelines?
1220
01:10:42,750 --> 01:10:45,000
Under current AEC guidelines,
1221
01:10:45,146 --> 01:10:48,166
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1222
01:11:00,458 --> 01:11:01,875
Physics and New Mexico, huh?
1223
01:11:03,420 --> 01:11:05,666
My god. What a trek.
1224
01:11:06,583 --> 01:11:09,041
That's why you need a liaison.
-I'm appointing Lomanitz.
1225
01:11:10,625 --> 01:11:12,500
You're gonna be okay.
This way, gentlemen.
1226
01:11:23,000 --> 01:11:24,653
Dr. Lawrence.
-Leslie.
1227
01:11:25,416 --> 01:11:27,375
I'd like to remind you what
we talked about at Berkeley.
1228
01:11:27,541 --> 01:11:29,333
Compartmentalization,
I understand completely.
1229
01:11:44,708 --> 01:11:46,000
Greetings from Berkeley.
1230
01:11:46,166 --> 01:11:49,083
I am here to update you on our
progress and solicit your input.
1231
01:11:49,544 --> 01:11:51,915
To do so, I am going to have
to share a few things that
1232
01:11:51,958 --> 01:11:53,666
General Groves told me not to.
1233
01:11:54,458 --> 01:11:57,208
Sorry General, I said I understood,
not that I agreed.
1234
01:11:57,625 --> 01:12:00,583
Okay. Gentlemen, to business!
1235
01:12:01,083 --> 01:12:03,000
There were rumors of espionage
1236
01:12:03,041 --> 01:12:05,041
at Los Alamos.
-Unsubstantiated.
1237
01:12:05,083 --> 01:12:07,416
I'm told that there were communists
1238
01:12:07,458 --> 01:12:09,000
on the project.
-We didn't knowingly employ...
1239
01:12:09,041 --> 01:12:11,166
I just want to know,
were any of them involved
1240
01:12:11,208 --> 01:12:12,625
in discussions of the Super?
1241
01:12:13,000 --> 01:12:15,541
I seem to remember you demanding
your brother come to Los Alamos.
1242
01:12:15,583 --> 01:12:18,305
My brother had left the party by then.
-What about Lomanitz?
1243
01:12:18,500 --> 01:12:21,500
Lomanitz was never employed
at Los Alamos. He was a liaison.
1244
01:12:21,791 --> 01:12:24,291
Our security was tight,
as former Colonel Nichols well knows.
1245
01:12:24,333 --> 01:12:27,007
Our security was as tight as it could be
given the personalities involved,
1246
01:12:27,031 --> 01:12:28,100
but attempts were made.
1247
01:12:28,500 --> 01:12:31,083
What is that supposed to mean?
-We've all read his file here.
1248
01:12:32,416 --> 01:12:34,000
Do we need to talk about Jean Tatlock?
1249
01:12:35,708 --> 01:12:37,208
Or the Chevalier incident?
1250
01:12:41,833 --> 01:12:42,835
Excuse me.
1251
01:12:45,500 --> 01:12:47,375
Lomanitz, line one!
1252
01:12:54,333 --> 01:12:56,291
Hello, Rossi. What?
1253
01:12:57,333 --> 01:12:58,333
Okay, just calm down.
1254
01:12:59,625 --> 01:13:00,708
There's been another screwup.
1255
01:13:00,916 --> 01:13:04,083
Lomanitz just got drafted.
-We are at war, Doctor.
1256
01:13:04,208 --> 01:13:07,291
Don't be an asshole, Nichols.
We need this kid. Fix it, will you?
1257
01:13:07,833 --> 01:13:08,780
It wasn't a mistake.
1258
01:13:08,804 --> 01:13:11,669
Your friend Lomanitz has been
trying to unionize the radiation lab.
1259
01:13:11,958 --> 01:13:14,708
He promised to quit all that.
-Well, he hasn't.
1260
01:13:15,666 --> 01:13:18,587
The security officer at Berkeley is
concerned about communist infiltration
1261
01:13:18,674 --> 01:13:21,833
through that union, the FA...
-FAECT.
1262
01:13:25,041 --> 01:13:28,291
While I'm there next week,
I'll... drop in to see him.
1263
01:13:30,666 --> 01:13:32,137
Your Q clearance came through.
1264
01:13:35,916 --> 01:13:39,168
It's important you not maintain
or renew any questionable associations.
1265
01:13:44,625 --> 01:13:46,541
Doctor, did you think social contacts
1266
01:13:46,583 --> 01:13:50,833
between a person engaged on secret
war work and communists was dangerous?
1267
01:13:50,875 --> 01:13:53,625
My awareness of the danger
would be greater today.
1268
01:13:54,791 --> 01:13:57,166
I mean, it's fair to say
that during the war years,
1269
01:13:57,708 --> 01:14:00,500
you felt that such contacts
were potentially dangerous.
1270
01:14:07,208 --> 01:14:09,125
Were conceivably dangerous, yes.
1271
01:14:10,166 --> 01:14:11,167
I mean, really!
1272
01:14:12,333 --> 01:14:13,416
Known communists.
1273
01:14:16,625 --> 01:14:17,633
Look...
1274
01:14:18,958 --> 01:14:22,750
I've had a lot of secrets
in my head for a long time.
1275
01:14:24,168 --> 01:14:28,374
Doesn't matter who I associate with,
I don't talk about those secrets.
1276
01:14:36,125 --> 01:14:37,250
You said in your statement
1277
01:14:38,750 --> 01:14:43,125
that you had to see Jean Tatlock in 1943.
1278
01:14:45,083 --> 01:14:46,092
You left.
1279
01:14:47,916 --> 01:14:48,919
Not a word.
1280
01:14:49,750 --> 01:14:51,333
What did you think that would do to me?
1281
01:14:53,000 --> 01:14:54,000
I wrote.
1282
01:14:54,375 --> 01:14:55,500
Pages of nothing.
1283
01:14:58,958 --> 01:14:59,958
Where did you go?
1284
01:15:02,083 --> 01:15:03,583
I can't tell you.
-Why not?
1285
01:15:03,666 --> 01:15:04,958
Because you're a communist.
1286
01:15:08,208 --> 01:15:09,625
Why did you have to see her?
1287
01:15:10,125 --> 01:15:14,458
She had indicated a great desire
to see me before we left.
1288
01:15:14,583 --> 01:15:18,583
At that time I couldn't,
but I felt that she had to see me.
1289
01:15:19,583 --> 01:15:23,619
She was undergoing psychiatric treatment.
She was extremely unhappy.
1290
01:15:23,981 --> 01:15:26,250
Did you find out why she had to see you?
1291
01:15:31,625 --> 01:15:32,958
Because she was still in love with me.
1292
01:15:41,041 --> 01:15:42,500
You spent the night together, didn't you?
1293
01:15:50,750 --> 01:15:51,748
Yes.
1294
01:15:58,166 --> 01:16:03,000
You drop in and out of my life,
and you don't have to tell me why.
1295
01:16:04,125 --> 01:16:06,821
And that's power.
-Not that I enjoy.
1296
01:16:08,083 --> 01:16:10,458
I'd rather be here for you as you need.
1297
01:16:10,958 --> 01:16:12,916
But you have
other priorities now.
1298
01:16:13,809 --> 01:16:15,500
I have a wife and child.
1299
01:16:16,875 --> 01:16:19,125
That's not what either
of us is talking about.
1300
01:16:23,041 --> 01:16:26,083
Jean... you asked me to come.
1301
01:16:27,625 --> 01:16:28,833
And I'm glad I did.
1302
01:16:30,291 --> 01:16:31,625
But I can't see you again.
1303
01:16:35,166 --> 01:16:36,458
But what if I need you?
1304
01:16:40,750 --> 01:16:42,666
You said you would
always answer.
1305
01:16:45,916 --> 01:16:46,917
Not a word?
1306
01:16:48,416 --> 01:16:50,375
Did you think that
consistent with good security?
1307
01:16:50,583 --> 01:16:51,750
As a matter of fact, it was.
1308
01:16:52,666 --> 01:16:53,668
Not a word.
1309
01:16:54,833 --> 01:16:56,166
When did you see her after that?
1310
01:17:05,000 --> 01:17:06,125
I never saw her again.
1311
01:17:13,125 --> 01:17:15,127
I can make the last
train back to Princeton.
1312
01:17:16,166 --> 01:17:18,833
Kitty, I didn't say anything
that I hadn't already told you.
1313
01:17:18,875 --> 01:17:20,833
Today you said it to history, didn't you?
1314
01:17:20,875 --> 01:17:22,083
This is a closed hearing.
1315
01:17:24,333 --> 01:17:26,791
If they don't release the
transcript, I'm sure you will.
1316
01:17:26,833 --> 01:17:29,208
I was under oath.
-Well, you were under an oath to me
1317
01:17:29,250 --> 01:17:30,375
when you went to see Jean.
1318
01:17:32,000 --> 01:17:33,001
You know, you...
1319
01:17:34,208 --> 01:17:36,833
You sit there, day after day,
1320
01:17:37,791 --> 01:17:39,750
letting them pick our lives to pieces.
1321
01:17:42,666 --> 01:17:43,750
Why won't you fight?
1322
01:17:47,541 --> 01:17:49,958
Robert, I'm not putting her up there.
1323
01:17:56,083 --> 01:17:58,666
Dr. Oppenheimer! This is
an honor. Please, take a seat.
1324
01:17:58,916 --> 01:18:01,798
No need. I just wanted to check
whether I should...
1325
01:18:02,291 --> 01:18:04,711
talk to Lomanitz while I'm here,
given your concerns.
1326
01:18:04,868 --> 01:18:07,634
I'd say that's really up to you,
Professor, but I'd be cautious.
1327
01:18:08,125 --> 01:18:09,125
Understood.
1328
01:18:09,333 --> 01:18:11,750
Oh, and, um, as regards to the union,
1329
01:18:11,791 --> 01:18:15,125
I wanted to give you a heads up
on a man named Eltenton.
1330
01:18:15,375 --> 01:18:16,374
A heads up?
1331
01:18:16,416 --> 01:18:19,791
Yes, just that he might
bear watching, is all.
1332
01:18:21,416 --> 01:18:22,750
I'd love to get more details.
1333
01:18:23,875 --> 01:18:26,208
I have an appointment now,
and I leave early tomorrow.
1334
01:18:26,322 --> 01:18:27,708
Well, come back
as early as you like.
1335
01:18:28,500 --> 01:18:29,541
Since you haven't time now.
1336
01:18:30,958 --> 01:18:34,291
You went back the next morning.
-I did. I had to, really.
1337
01:18:35,750 --> 01:18:36,916
This time there was another man.
1338
01:18:39,125 --> 01:18:43,023
He said his name was Pash.
-Pash. You met Colonel Pash?
1339
01:18:43,166 --> 01:18:48,041
Colonel Pash, could you please read
from your memo dated June 29, 1943?
1340
01:18:50,291 --> 01:18:52,708
"Results of surveillance
conducted on subject
1341
01:18:52,750 --> 01:18:55,458
"indicate further possible
Communist Party connections."
1342
01:18:55,642 --> 01:18:59,208
"Subject met with and spent
considerable time with one Jean Tatlock,
1343
01:18:59,250 --> 01:19:01,458
"a communist, the record
of whom is attached."
1344
01:19:01,500 --> 01:19:03,958
The subject being Dr. Oppenheimer?
-Yes.
1345
01:19:04,208 --> 01:19:07,166
Whom you had not met?
-Not then, but soon after.
1346
01:19:07,340 --> 01:19:09,750
He's the head of security
for the project. Shouldn't I know him?
1347
01:19:09,880 --> 01:19:11,333
No, he should know you.
1348
01:19:12,166 --> 01:19:13,916
I would never put you in a room with Pash.
1349
01:19:13,958 --> 01:19:14,975
Why not?
1350
01:19:15,083 --> 01:19:16,750
When Pash first heard about Lomanitz,
1351
01:19:17,083 --> 01:19:19,685
he told the FBI he was
going to kidnap him,
1352
01:19:20,125 --> 01:19:21,250
take him out on a boat,
1353
01:19:21,791 --> 01:19:24,083
and interrogate him in the Russian manner.
1354
01:19:27,375 --> 01:19:29,541
General Groves has placed
in me a certain responsibility,
1355
01:19:29,583 --> 01:19:34,000
and it's like having a child who
I can't see, by remote control.
1356
01:19:35,375 --> 01:19:36,708
So to actually meet you is...
1357
01:19:38,708 --> 01:19:40,450
I won't take up too much of your time.
-Oh, no.
1358
01:19:40,551 --> 01:19:42,250
Not at all. Whatever time you choose.
1359
01:19:43,583 --> 01:19:45,801
Mr. Johnson told me of the
conversation you had yesterday,
1360
01:19:45,895 --> 01:19:48,458
which I'm very interested in.
It's had me worried all day.
1361
01:19:49,416 --> 01:19:52,791
Yes, well, I didn't want to talk
to Lomanitz without authorization.
1362
01:19:53,083 --> 01:19:54,916
That's not the particular
interest that I have.
1363
01:19:54,958 --> 01:19:56,250
It's something a little bit more...
1364
01:19:58,083 --> 01:19:59,500
In my opinion, more serious.
1365
01:19:59,575 --> 01:20:00,916
And then when the FBI pointed out
1366
01:20:00,958 --> 01:20:03,791
that such information
wouldn't be admissible in court,
1367
01:20:03,833 --> 01:20:05,541
Pash made it clear he had no intention
1368
01:20:05,583 --> 01:20:07,770
of leaving any witness left to prosecute.
1369
01:20:08,125 --> 01:20:11,212
Now, the FBI talked him down,
but that's the man you're dancing with.
1370
01:20:11,500 --> 01:20:13,916
I gather you've heard
there are other parties
1371
01:20:13,958 --> 01:20:15,791
interested in the work
of the radiation lab?
1372
01:20:17,083 --> 01:20:21,208
A man attached to the
Soviet consul indicated,
1373
01:20:21,750 --> 01:20:25,250
through intermediate people,
to people on this project,
1374
01:20:25,333 --> 01:20:28,500
that he was in a position
to transmit information.
1375
01:20:28,708 --> 01:20:31,000
Well, why would anyone
on the project want to do that?
1376
01:20:33,083 --> 01:20:36,541
Frankly, I can see that there might be
an argument for the Commander-in-Chief
1377
01:20:36,583 --> 01:20:39,980
informing the Russians,
they're our allies, after all, but...
1378
01:20:40,043 --> 01:20:42,378
I don't like the idea of it
going out the back door.
1379
01:20:42,750 --> 01:20:44,958
It might not hurt to be
on the lookout for it.
1380
01:20:46,375 --> 01:20:47,625
And you said that to Pash.
1381
01:20:48,166 --> 01:20:52,000
I was trying to put it in the context
of "Russia's not Germany".
1382
01:20:52,594 --> 01:20:56,958
Boris Pash is the son
of a Russian Orthodox bishop.
1383
01:20:57,000 --> 01:21:01,125
Born here, but in 1918 he went back
to Russia to fight the Bolsheviks.
1384
01:21:01,625 --> 01:21:04,125
This is a man who has killed
communists with his own hands.
1385
01:21:04,708 --> 01:21:07,041
I'm not the judge of who should
or should not have information.
1386
01:21:07,583 --> 01:21:09,833
It's my business to stop it
from going through illegally.
1387
01:21:10,291 --> 01:21:11,500
Could you be a little more specific?
1388
01:21:14,791 --> 01:21:19,375
There's a man whose name was mentioned
to me, a couple of times, Eltenton.
1389
01:21:21,125 --> 01:21:23,333
I believe he's a chemist
who works at Shell.
1390
01:21:24,083 --> 01:21:26,958
He talked to a friend of his,
1391
01:21:27,041 --> 01:21:29,708
who's an acquaintance
of someone on the project.
1392
01:21:32,125 --> 01:21:34,083
And you thought Pash
would be satisfied with that?
1393
01:21:34,166 --> 01:21:37,916
I was attempting to give them
Eltenton without opening a can of worms.
1394
01:21:37,958 --> 01:21:39,583
I told them a cock-and-bull story.
1395
01:21:39,916 --> 01:21:42,083
Did you lie to General Groves, too?
-No.
1396
01:21:42,583 --> 01:21:45,083
I admitted to him that I'd lied to Pash.
1397
01:21:45,208 --> 01:21:48,208
Do you recall this conversation
about the Chevalier incident?
1398
01:21:49,083 --> 01:21:51,000
I've seen so many versions of it, uh...
1399
01:21:51,536 --> 01:21:54,208
Wasn't confused before,
but I'm certainly getting there now.
1400
01:21:54,465 --> 01:21:57,291
And what was your conclusion?
-That he was under the influence
1401
01:21:57,333 --> 01:22:00,791
of the typical American
schoolboy attitude
1402
01:22:00,833 --> 01:22:04,000
that there's something wicked
about telling on a friend.
1403
01:22:04,458 --> 01:22:08,250
Well now, might we know through
whom the contact was made?
1404
01:22:09,416 --> 01:22:12,958
That would involve people who
are not to be involved in this.
1405
01:22:13,291 --> 01:22:15,958
Is that someone a member of the project?
1406
01:22:16,674 --> 01:22:19,979
A member of the faculty, yes,
but not in the project, no.
1407
01:22:20,141 --> 01:22:21,141
Ah...
1408
01:22:21,791 --> 01:22:26,000
So Eltenton made his approach through
a member of the faculty here at Berkeley.
1409
01:22:28,291 --> 01:22:30,625
As far as I know, as far as I know, yes.
1410
01:22:30,916 --> 01:22:35,166
But there... may have been...
more than one person involved.
1411
01:22:40,416 --> 01:22:43,125
Gentlemen, if I...
if I seem uncooperative,
1412
01:22:43,166 --> 01:22:45,750
I think you can understand
it's because of my insistence
1413
01:22:45,791 --> 01:22:47,797
on not getting innocent
people into trouble.
1414
01:22:48,583 --> 01:22:51,333
You're trying to protect your
friend. Who's protecting you?
1415
01:22:51,804 --> 01:22:52,794
Well, you could.
1416
01:22:53,304 --> 01:22:55,833
If you gave me the name...
-If you order me to, I'll do it.
1417
01:22:56,075 --> 01:22:58,916
That's a mistake, Robert.
You need to volunteer this name.
1418
01:23:00,583 --> 01:23:01,911
Did he give you the name?
1419
01:23:02,044 --> 01:23:03,458
He did.
-But not then, did he?
1420
01:23:03,625 --> 01:23:04,625
No.
-No, in fact,
1421
01:23:04,666 --> 01:23:06,041
it was some months later, wasn't it?
1422
01:23:07,041 --> 01:23:07,874
It was.
1423
01:23:08,083 --> 01:23:10,250
You see me as persistent.
-Well, you are...
1424
01:23:11,055 --> 01:23:12,625
you are persistent,
but that is your job.
1425
01:23:12,891 --> 01:23:16,149
And, and my job is to protect
the people that work for me.
1426
01:23:16,422 --> 01:23:18,083
Instead of us going
on certain steps,
1427
01:23:18,625 --> 01:23:20,000
which may come to your attention...
1428
01:23:21,916 --> 01:23:23,458
and be disturbing to you,
1429
01:23:24,083 --> 01:23:25,958
I would like to discuss
those with you first.
1430
01:23:26,791 --> 01:23:30,000
I'm not formulating a plan, I'll just
have to digest the whole thing.
1431
01:23:34,958 --> 01:23:38,041
In the months in between your
interview with Dr. Oppenheimer,
1432
01:23:38,083 --> 01:23:42,166
and his eventual naming of Chevalier,
did you expend resources trying to find
1433
01:23:42,208 --> 01:23:45,458
the name of the intermediary?
-Considerable resources, yes.
1434
01:23:46,208 --> 01:23:48,333
Without the name, our job
was extremely difficult.
1435
01:23:48,497 --> 01:23:51,625
And when did you receive the name?
-I was gone by the time Oppenheimer
1436
01:23:51,666 --> 01:23:53,183
finally offered it up.
-Gone?
1437
01:23:53,625 --> 01:23:55,684
They felt my time would
be better spent in Europe,
1438
01:23:55,875 --> 01:23:58,041
determining the status
of the Nazi bomb project.
1439
01:23:58,555 --> 01:23:59,555
Who did?
1440
01:24:00,708 --> 01:24:01,709
General Groves.
1441
01:24:02,708 --> 01:24:03,833
He transferred me to London.
1442
01:24:11,083 --> 01:24:12,875
It's a little early for a Christmas party.
1443
01:24:12,958 --> 01:24:13,958
Something's up.
1444
01:24:14,833 --> 01:24:15,875
Tolman's been away.
1445
01:24:17,208 --> 01:24:18,213
Where?
1446
01:24:18,684 --> 01:24:19,666
Ruth won't tell.
1447
01:24:29,958 --> 01:24:31,000
Come on, Ruthie.
1448
01:24:31,250 --> 01:24:32,916
If you can't tell me, who can you tell?
1449
01:24:33,708 --> 01:24:35,500
Compartmentalization, Oppie.
1450
01:24:36,291 --> 01:24:38,104
What makes you think
I know where he is, anyway?
1451
01:24:38,333 --> 01:24:39,833
Because you do a pretty good job
1452
01:24:39,875 --> 01:24:42,006
of knowing where
Mr. Tolman is when it counts.
1453
01:24:43,000 --> 01:24:44,003
Like now?
1454
01:24:44,041 --> 01:24:47,083
Attention!
1455
01:24:50,344 --> 01:24:51,958
Early Christmas present for you all.
1456
01:25:00,500 --> 01:25:02,750
The British pilot put
me in the bomb bay.
1457
01:25:02,791 --> 01:25:06,166
He showed me the oxygen,
you know, but I messed it up.
1458
01:25:06,429 --> 01:25:09,166
Um, when they opened me up
in Scotland, I was unconscious.
1459
01:25:09,625 --> 01:25:11,583
But I pretended I'd been napping.
1460
01:25:12,583 --> 01:25:13,750
Please enjoy your party.
1461
01:25:15,250 --> 01:25:17,625
Is it big enough?
-To end the war?
1462
01:25:18,640 --> 01:25:20,333
To end all war.
1463
01:25:24,041 --> 01:25:27,541
Uh, Heisenberg sought me out
in Copenhagen.
1464
01:25:28,416 --> 01:25:31,875
It was chilling, my old student
working for the Nazis.
1465
01:25:31,916 --> 01:25:35,458
He told me some
things to draw me out.
1466
01:25:36,416 --> 01:25:39,333
Sustained fission
reactions in uranium.
1467
01:25:39,458 --> 01:25:41,375
That sounds more like
a reactor than a bomb.
1468
01:25:41,750 --> 01:25:43,375
Did he mention
gaseous diffusion?
1469
01:25:43,750 --> 01:25:46,083
He seemed more
focused on heavy water.
1470
01:25:46,416 --> 01:25:48,875
As a moderator?
-Yes, instead of graphite.
1471
01:25:52,375 --> 01:25:53,375
What?
1472
01:25:54,257 --> 01:25:55,291
He took a wrong turn.
1473
01:25:56,208 --> 01:25:57,211
We're ahead.
1474
01:25:57,291 --> 01:25:58,763
And with you here to help us, Niels...
1475
01:25:59,250 --> 01:26:02,541
Sorry, could you give us
a moment, gentlemen?
1476
01:26:09,375 --> 01:26:11,375
I am not here to help, Robert.
1477
01:26:12,083 --> 01:26:13,718
I knew you could do this without me.
1478
01:26:14,000 --> 01:26:16,583
Then why did you come?
-To talk about after.
1479
01:26:16,791 --> 01:26:20,583
The power you're about to
reveal will forever outlive the Nazis.
1480
01:26:21,791 --> 01:26:23,250
And the world is not prepared.
1481
01:26:23,708 --> 01:26:27,125
"You can lift the stone without being
ready for the snake that's revealed."
1482
01:26:27,166 --> 01:26:30,083
We have to make the politicians
understand this isn't a new weapon.
1483
01:26:31,125 --> 01:26:32,207
It's a new world.
1484
01:26:33,012 --> 01:26:35,125
I'll be out there doing
what I can, but you...
1485
01:26:36,125 --> 01:26:38,458
You're an American Prometheus.
1486
01:26:38,812 --> 01:26:42,619
The man who gave them the
power to destroy themselves.
1487
01:26:42,916 --> 01:26:44,416
And they'll respect that.
1488
01:26:44,592 --> 01:26:46,416
Your work really begins.
1489
01:26:51,208 --> 01:26:53,416
I'm sorry, Oppie, but there's a call.
1490
01:26:55,416 --> 01:26:56,583
From San Francisco.
1491
01:27:03,958 --> 01:27:04,960
Robert!
1492
01:27:09,500 --> 01:27:10,484
Robert?
1493
01:27:11,166 --> 01:27:12,170
Robert.
1494
01:27:12,625 --> 01:27:13,625
Robert.
1495
01:27:13,708 --> 01:27:14,833
God, what's the matter?
1496
01:27:15,500 --> 01:27:16,501
What happened?
1497
01:27:18,291 --> 01:27:19,333
Her father called.
1498
01:27:20,375 --> 01:27:21,958
He found her yesterday in the bath.
1499
01:27:23,708 --> 01:27:24,711
Who?
1500
01:27:26,041 --> 01:27:28,791
She's taken pills.
Left a note, not signed.
1501
01:27:30,708 --> 01:27:33,416
She took barbiturates, but there
was chloral hydrate in her blood.
1502
01:27:37,375 --> 01:27:38,375
There was a note.
1503
01:27:39,041 --> 01:27:40,083
Jean Tatlock?
1504
01:27:47,208 --> 01:27:48,209
We were together.
1505
01:27:49,048 --> 01:27:50,375
She said she needed me. I...
1506
01:27:53,375 --> 01:27:54,376
I told her I...
1507
01:27:54,875 --> 01:27:55,876
I wouldn't...
1508
01:27:56,291 --> 01:27:57,293
I told her I...
1509
01:27:58,333 --> 01:27:59,583
No, it was me, it was me.
1510
01:28:02,800 --> 01:28:04,625
You don't get to commit the sin
1511
01:28:04,847 --> 01:28:07,979
and then have us all feel sorry
for you that it had consequences.
1512
01:28:11,375 --> 01:28:13,375
Now you pull yourself together.
1513
01:28:17,500 --> 01:28:19,083
You know, people here depend on you.
1514
01:28:22,125 --> 01:28:23,958
Donald, would you like
to contribute here?
1515
01:28:24,000 --> 01:28:25,083
Please, help me out.
-You're on your own, pal.
1516
01:28:25,125 --> 01:28:27,975
Bob, I'm not quitting my job
because plutonium is radioactive.
1517
01:28:28,045 --> 01:28:30,208
We just don't know what it might do
1518
01:28:30,250 --> 01:28:32,541
to the female reproductive system.
-Your reproductive system
1519
01:28:32,583 --> 01:28:35,125
is more exposed than mine, presumably.
-Can we please?
1520
01:28:35,500 --> 01:28:38,708
The implosion device is nowhere.
-We can't rush everything. Oppie, please.
1521
01:28:38,750 --> 01:28:41,291
Well, there's rushing and there's
getting on with it, so pick one.
1522
01:28:41,333 --> 01:28:43,000
Wait, wait, wait.
Neddermeyer is doing his job.
1523
01:28:43,375 --> 01:28:45,958
Teller's not helping.
You're not helping.
1524
01:28:46,000 --> 01:28:48,833
I've been asking for calculations
on the implosion lenses for weeks.
1525
01:28:48,875 --> 01:28:51,000
The British can do it. Fuchs.
-Absolutely.
1526
01:28:51,333 --> 01:28:54,458
It's your job, Teller.
-I'm engaged in research.
1527
01:28:54,583 --> 01:28:56,698
On a hydrogen bomb
we're not even building!
1528
01:29:05,708 --> 01:29:06,958
I won't work with that man.
1529
01:29:07,166 --> 01:29:09,333
Oh. Let him go.
1530
01:29:10,000 --> 01:29:11,625
He's a prima donna!
-I agree.
1531
01:29:12,166 --> 01:29:13,333
He should leave Los Alamos.
-Okay.
1532
01:29:14,560 --> 01:29:17,708
Kisti, you replace Neddermeyer.
Seth, I'm putting you on plutonium.
1533
01:29:17,750 --> 01:29:21,041
Lilli, you go on for Kisti,
because he needs you.
1534
01:29:21,375 --> 01:29:23,000
Fuchs, you take Teller's role.
1535
01:29:23,041 --> 01:29:25,124
I'm putting you exclusively
on the implosion device.
1536
01:29:25,708 --> 01:29:29,250
And no one is leaving Los Alamos.
1537
01:29:44,041 --> 01:29:47,083
They won't let me leave!
-No, I won't let you leave.
1538
01:29:49,000 --> 01:29:51,125
Forget Hans, forget fission.
1539
01:29:51,885 --> 01:29:54,000
Stay here, research what you want.
1540
01:29:54,791 --> 01:29:56,833
Fusion, the hydrogen bomb, whatever.
1541
01:29:57,125 --> 01:29:59,708
We'll meet to discuss it.
-You don't have time to meet.
1542
01:30:00,166 --> 01:30:03,625
You're a politician now, Robert. You've
left physics behind many, many years ago.
1543
01:30:05,250 --> 01:30:06,245
Once a week.
1544
01:30:06,958 --> 01:30:08,250
One hour, you and me.
1545
01:30:14,708 --> 01:30:16,208
Now raise this fucking barrier!
1546
01:30:21,291 --> 01:30:24,458
So the Super was under development
on your watch at Los Alamos?
1547
01:30:25,125 --> 01:30:26,114
Yes.
1548
01:30:26,541 --> 01:30:29,958
And yet, after the war,
you tried to deny it was viable.
1549
01:30:30,125 --> 01:30:33,250
No, no, no. I pointed out
technical difficulties with it.
1550
01:30:33,416 --> 01:30:35,041
Didn't you try to kill it
at the AEC meeting
1551
01:30:35,083 --> 01:30:36,625
after the Russian bomb test?
-No.
1552
01:30:36,833 --> 01:30:39,666
But that was the recommendation
of the AEC, was it not?
1553
01:30:40,000 --> 01:30:42,750
After hours of discussion
about the best response.
1554
01:30:43,291 --> 01:30:48,250
An H-bomb is 1,000 times
the power of an A-bomb.
1555
01:30:49,416 --> 01:30:52,625
Its only intended target
would be the largest cities.
1556
01:30:53,500 --> 01:30:55,458
It's a weapon of mass genocide.
-Izzy.
1557
01:30:55,666 --> 01:30:57,750
Draw some circles on
this side of the map,
1558
01:30:58,166 --> 01:31:00,541
where they would target us,
starting with New York.
1559
01:31:00,583 --> 01:31:01,625
That's fair.
-D.C.
1560
01:31:01,791 --> 01:31:04,375
It's a weapon of attack
with no defensive value.
1561
01:31:04,708 --> 01:31:06,064
Deterrence.
-Deterrence?
1562
01:31:06,083 --> 01:31:09,916
Do we really need more deterrence
than our current arsenal of atomic bombs?
1563
01:31:10,000 --> 01:31:14,208
You, you drown in ten feet of water
or 10,000, what's the difference?
1564
01:31:14,458 --> 01:31:16,541
We can already drown Russia.
They know it...
1565
01:31:16,583 --> 01:31:18,625
Now they can drown us with...
-We're just escalating...
1566
01:31:29,958 --> 01:31:34,708
As I said, Teller's designs are still as
impractical as they were during the war.
1567
01:31:34,791 --> 01:31:37,541
A hydrogen bomb can be made
to work, Oppie. You know that.
1568
01:31:37,583 --> 01:31:40,541
I don't believe we should commit
all our resources to that chance.
1569
01:31:40,583 --> 01:31:43,666
Then how would you have Truman
reassure the American people?
1570
01:31:43,708 --> 01:31:45,958
Simply by limiting the spread
of atomic weapons
1571
01:31:46,000 --> 01:31:48,208
through international control
on nuclear energy.
1572
01:31:49,125 --> 01:31:50,875
By which you mean world government.
1573
01:31:51,083 --> 01:31:53,583
The United Nations, as Roosevelt intended.
1574
01:31:53,750 --> 01:31:57,541
Well, I asked what Truman should do,
right? The world's changed.
1575
01:31:57,583 --> 01:32:01,166
It's not fascism but communism
that now threatens our survival.
1576
01:32:01,458 --> 01:32:04,791
Lewis, do you understand,
if we build a hydrogen bomb,
1577
01:32:04,916 --> 01:32:07,291
the Russians will have no choice
but to build their own?
1578
01:32:07,375 --> 01:32:08,833
Could they be working on one already?
1579
01:32:09,187 --> 01:32:11,958
Based on information gathered
from the spy at Los Alamos...
1580
01:32:12,000 --> 01:32:13,541
No spy at Los Alamos.
-Gentlemen...
1581
01:32:13,583 --> 01:32:15,541
There wasn't?
-Let's not get sidetracked.
1582
01:32:16,416 --> 01:32:19,004
I say we use this moment to gain
concessions from the Russians
1583
01:32:19,028 --> 01:32:22,166
by committing that we will not
build a hydrogen bomb.
1584
01:32:22,250 --> 01:32:23,916
Thereby revealing its existence.
1585
01:32:23,958 --> 01:32:25,884
Which you seem convinced
they already know.
1586
01:32:26,125 --> 01:32:27,136
Alright.
1587
01:32:27,291 --> 01:32:30,958
At this point, I'd like the committee
members to meet in privacy
1588
01:32:31,000 --> 01:32:33,060
to finalize our recommendations.
1589
01:32:34,666 --> 01:32:36,750
I'm just not sure you
want to go down this route.
1590
01:32:36,791 --> 01:32:38,941
Lewis, with respect, we are
the advisory committee.
1591
01:32:38,965 --> 01:32:40,250
We will give them our advice.
1592
01:32:40,958 --> 01:32:41,969
Good night.
1593
01:32:46,125 --> 01:32:47,958
Dr. Oppenheimer? Hi.
1594
01:32:48,750 --> 01:32:51,641
William Borden.
Joint Committee on Atomic Energy.
1595
01:32:51,685 --> 01:32:52,727
Oh, yes, yes.
1596
01:32:53,029 --> 01:32:54,291
During the war, I was a pilot.
1597
01:32:55,875 --> 01:33:00,414
One night, flying back from a raid,
I saw an amazing sight.
1598
01:33:00,458 --> 01:33:03,875
Like a meteor.
A V2 rocket headed to England.
1599
01:33:05,041 --> 01:33:07,004
I can't help but imagine
what it will be
1600
01:33:07,028 --> 01:33:11,000
for such an enemy rocket
to carry an atomic warhead.
1601
01:33:20,375 --> 01:33:22,291
Let's make sure we're not
the ones to make that possible.
1602
01:33:29,083 --> 01:33:31,291
Oppie, I don't think you
want to go up against Strauss.
1603
01:33:32,125 --> 01:33:34,166
If we both speak, they listen to me.
1604
01:33:34,833 --> 01:33:38,583
When you speak, they hear a prophet.
When Strauss speaks, they hear themselves.
1605
01:33:38,859 --> 01:33:39,958
They'll listen to a prophet.
1606
01:33:40,833 --> 01:33:43,541
A prophet can't be wrong. Not once.
1607
01:33:44,041 --> 01:33:47,172
Did you accuse Oppenheimer of sabotaging
the development of the Super?
1608
01:33:47,458 --> 01:33:51,420
I was never one of those
to bandy around terms like sabotage.
1609
01:33:52,041 --> 01:33:55,375
But Mr. Borden was?
-As I understand it, possibly.
1610
01:33:55,666 --> 01:33:59,291
How was Mr. Borden able to put
together such a detailed indictment?
1611
01:33:59,333 --> 01:34:02,000
He was no longer a government employee,
yet he appears to have had
1612
01:34:02,070 --> 01:34:04,796
unlimited access
to Dr. Oppenheimer's file.
1613
01:34:05,083 --> 01:34:07,541
Might Mr. Nichols have
given him access to the file?
1614
01:34:07,708 --> 01:34:10,000
Or someone else at the AEC?
1615
01:34:10,208 --> 01:34:12,083
That's a very serious accusation, Senator.
1616
01:34:12,833 --> 01:34:14,125
Is it your intention to suggest
1617
01:34:14,166 --> 01:34:16,875
that Dr. Oppenheimer is disloyal
to the United States?
1618
01:34:17,666 --> 01:34:21,500
I've always assumed, and still assume,
that he's loyal to the United States.
1619
01:34:22,333 --> 01:34:24,074
I believe this, and I shall believe it,
1620
01:34:24,098 --> 01:34:26,333
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
1621
01:34:26,875 --> 01:34:30,646
Do you or do you not believe that
Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk?
1622
01:34:39,916 --> 01:34:42,875
If I may, look, when Hitler blew
his brains out in that bunker,
1623
01:34:42,916 --> 01:34:45,250
it is my humble opinion
that there is no need
1624
01:34:45,333 --> 01:34:47,750
for that bomb to be seen
anywhere except that test site.
1625
01:34:49,083 --> 01:34:51,041
Well, we at least have to
take a moment to think about
1626
01:34:51,083 --> 01:34:54,208
whether the means justify
the ends any longer because...
1627
01:34:57,291 --> 01:34:59,416
Germany is about to surrender.
1628
01:35:01,541 --> 01:35:05,666
It's no longer the enemy who are
the greatest threat to mankind.
1629
01:35:05,708 --> 01:35:06,734
It's our work.
1630
01:35:09,250 --> 01:35:11,458
Hitler's dead. It's true.
1631
01:35:13,625 --> 01:35:14,791
But the Japanese fight on.
1632
01:35:15,416 --> 01:35:16,833
Their defeat seems assured.
1633
01:35:17,307 --> 01:35:19,333
Not if you're a G.I. preparing to invade.
1634
01:35:21,166 --> 01:35:22,250
We can end this war.
1635
01:35:22,421 --> 01:35:25,458
But how do we justify using
this weapon on human beings?
1636
01:35:29,041 --> 01:35:30,166
We're theorists.
1637
01:35:31,208 --> 01:35:32,218
Yes?
1638
01:35:33,291 --> 01:35:37,666
We imagine a future,
and our imaginings horrify us.
1639
01:35:38,708 --> 01:35:41,000
They won't fear it until
they understand it,
1640
01:35:41,083 --> 01:35:43,458
and they won't understand
it until they've used it.
1641
01:35:43,916 --> 01:35:47,208
When the world learns
the terrible secret of Los Alamos,
1642
01:35:47,833 --> 01:35:51,250
our work here will ensure a
peace mankind has never seen.
1643
01:35:51,416 --> 01:35:54,458
A peace based on the kind
of international cooperation
1644
01:35:54,500 --> 01:35:56,416
that Roosevelt always envisaged.
1645
01:36:01,791 --> 01:36:04,583
Progress?
-Two years and a billion dollars' worth.
1646
01:36:05,963 --> 01:36:08,958
Hard to put a price on it.
-Not really, just add up the bills.
1647
01:36:09,000 --> 01:36:12,791
Rural free deliveries.
80 babies delivered the first year.
1648
01:36:13,500 --> 01:36:15,291
This year we've had ten, a month.
1649
01:36:16,083 --> 01:36:18,500
Birth control is a little
out of my jurisdiction, General.
1650
01:36:19,666 --> 01:36:20,750
Clearly.
-General.
1651
01:36:26,625 --> 01:36:29,541
Head down, everybody.
Fuchs, head down.
1652
01:36:37,250 --> 01:36:38,251
That's the one!
1653
01:36:38,708 --> 01:36:39,833
Two viable bombs.
1654
01:36:40,302 --> 01:36:41,293
I need a date.
1655
01:36:44,166 --> 01:36:45,166
September.
1656
01:36:45,447 --> 01:36:46,447
July.
1657
01:36:46,822 --> 01:36:48,291
That's the sweet spot, gentlemen.
1658
01:36:49,208 --> 01:36:50,208
August.
1659
01:36:50,820 --> 01:36:51,830
July.
1660
01:36:52,500 --> 01:36:53,541
Tests in July.
1661
01:36:54,458 --> 01:36:55,500
But I need my brother.
1662
01:37:00,000 --> 01:37:02,375
Frank knows the desert.
He's left politics behind.
1663
01:37:02,416 --> 01:37:04,209
He's been working with
Lawrence for two years now.
1664
01:37:11,791 --> 01:37:12,833
What do we call the test?
1665
01:37:14,981 --> 01:37:15,999
"Batter my heart,
1666
01:37:16,791 --> 01:37:17,875
"three-person'd God."
1667
01:37:18,436 --> 01:37:19,458
What?
1668
01:37:21,125 --> 01:37:22,127
Trinity.
1669
01:37:30,125 --> 01:37:33,541
You insisted on bringing on your
brother Frank, a known communist.
1670
01:37:33,583 --> 01:37:34,584
Former communist.
1671
01:37:35,281 --> 01:37:36,916
You brought a known former communist...
1672
01:37:37,750 --> 01:37:41,041
onto America's most secret
and important defense project.
1673
01:37:41,125 --> 01:37:43,833
I knew my brother could
be trusted. Absolutely.
1674
01:37:44,416 --> 01:37:47,375
And you thought your judgment was sound
on who on the team could be trusted?
1675
01:37:48,291 --> 01:37:49,291
Fuchs, head down.
1676
01:37:49,958 --> 01:37:51,208
Okay. Everybody ready?
1677
01:38:01,208 --> 01:38:03,583
I hope you learned something.
-Yeah, we've learned we're gonna need
1678
01:38:03,625 --> 01:38:06,041
to be a lot further away.
-Well, figure it out, fast.
1679
01:38:06,333 --> 01:38:08,625
We leave for Washington in the morning.
We're going to give him a date.
1680
01:38:24,541 --> 01:38:26,333
You're a long way from Chicago, Leo.
1681
01:38:26,416 --> 01:38:29,250
If we don't act now, they're going
to use this thing against Japan.
1682
01:38:29,771 --> 01:38:32,041
We booked a meeting with Truman,
but somebody killed it.
1683
01:38:33,000 --> 01:38:34,875
You're meeting the Secretary of War.
1684
01:38:35,208 --> 01:38:38,708
Just because we're building it, doesn't
mean we get to decide how it's used.
1685
01:38:39,666 --> 01:38:41,125
History will judge us, Robert.
1686
01:38:42,583 --> 01:38:44,208
In Chicago, we put together a petition.
1687
01:38:45,291 --> 01:38:46,791
I'm not... I'm not
getting into this.
1688
01:38:52,250 --> 01:38:53,916
Just tell me your concerns,
and I'll relate them.
1689
01:38:53,986 --> 01:38:56,635
My concerns? Germany's defeated.
1690
01:38:57,208 --> 01:38:58,625
Japan's not going to hold out alone.
1691
01:38:58,666 --> 01:39:00,838
How could you know that?
You got us into this.
1692
01:39:01,208 --> 01:39:04,166
You and Einstein, with your letter to
Roosevelt saying we could build a bomb.
1693
01:39:04,208 --> 01:39:05,333
Against Germany.
1694
01:39:05,375 --> 01:39:07,931
That's not how weapons
manufacture works, Szilard.
1695
01:39:08,333 --> 01:39:09,666
Oppie, you have to help.
1696
01:39:09,708 --> 01:39:11,431
Fermi's in the meeting.
Lawrence is in the meeting.
1697
01:39:11,478 --> 01:39:14,291
They're not you. You're
the great salesman of science.
1698
01:39:14,750 --> 01:39:16,625
You can convince anyone of anything.
1699
01:39:18,208 --> 01:39:19,209
Even yourself.
1700
01:39:20,125 --> 01:39:21,130
Excuse me.
1701
01:39:22,333 --> 01:39:26,708
The firestorm in Tokyo killed
100,000 people, mostly civilians.
1702
01:39:28,375 --> 01:39:31,375
I worry about America when we
do these things and no one protests.
1703
01:39:31,833 --> 01:39:34,875
Pearl Harbor, and three years
of brutal conflict in the Pacific,
1704
01:39:35,146 --> 01:39:37,458
buys a lot of latitude
with the American public.
1705
01:39:38,029 --> 01:39:39,583
Enough to unleash the atomic bomb?
1706
01:39:39,827 --> 01:39:43,208
Uh, the A-bomb might not cause as much
damage as the Tokyo bombings.
1707
01:39:43,625 --> 01:39:44,616
What are we estimating?
1708
01:39:44,964 --> 01:39:46,833
In a medium-sized city, uh...
1709
01:39:47,541 --> 01:39:49,700
20,000 or 30,000 dead.
1710
01:39:49,791 --> 01:39:51,875
Yes, but don't underestimate
1711
01:39:51,916 --> 01:39:55,466
the psychological impact
of an atomic explosion.
1712
01:39:56,083 --> 01:39:59,041
A pillar of fire, 10,000 feet tall,
1713
01:39:59,958 --> 01:40:01,833
deadly neutron effects for a mile,
1714
01:40:02,000 --> 01:40:05,708
in all directions, from one single device.
1715
01:40:06,125 --> 01:40:09,541
Dropped from a barely-noticed B-29,
the atomic bomb will be...
1716
01:40:10,833 --> 01:40:13,333
a terrible revelation of divine power.
1717
01:40:14,125 --> 01:40:16,416
If that's true, it would be definitive.
1718
01:40:16,916 --> 01:40:18,291
World War II would be over.
1719
01:40:18,958 --> 01:40:20,000
Our boys would come home.
1720
01:40:20,716 --> 01:40:21,709
Military targets?
1721
01:40:22,958 --> 01:40:24,666
But there aren't any big enough.
1722
01:40:25,083 --> 01:40:28,083
Perhaps a vital war plant,
1723
01:40:28,125 --> 01:40:30,750
with workers housed nearby.
1724
01:40:30,791 --> 01:40:33,666
And we could issue a warning
to reduce civilian casualties.
1725
01:40:33,916 --> 01:40:36,000
They'd send everything
they have up against us,
1726
01:40:36,041 --> 01:40:37,750
and I'd be up in that plane.
1727
01:40:38,134 --> 01:40:40,666
If we announce it,
and it fails to go off,
1728
01:40:41,150 --> 01:40:43,625
we'd scupper any chance
of a Japanese surrender.
1729
01:40:44,083 --> 01:40:48,208
Is there no way to demonstrate
a bomb to Japan to provoke surrender?
1730
01:40:48,320 --> 01:40:51,291
We intend to demonstrate it in
the most unambiguous terms.
1731
01:40:51,728 --> 01:40:52,728
Twice.
1732
01:40:52,783 --> 01:40:54,635
Once to show the weapon's power,
1733
01:40:54,705 --> 01:40:57,958
and a second to show that we can
keep doing this until they surrender.
1734
01:40:58,500 --> 01:41:00,833
We have a list of
12 cities to choose from.
1735
01:41:01,700 --> 01:41:02,708
Sorry, 11.
1736
01:41:03,700 --> 01:41:05,625
I've taken Kyoto off the list,
1737
01:41:05,666 --> 01:41:08,125
due to its cultural significance
to the Japanese people.
1738
01:41:09,291 --> 01:41:11,250
Also, my wife and I honeymooned there.
1739
01:41:12,250 --> 01:41:13,375
It's a magnificent city.
1740
01:41:17,416 --> 01:41:18,791
Let me make this
simple for you, gentlemen.
1741
01:41:18,833 --> 01:41:21,375
According to my intelligence,
which I cannot share with you,
1742
01:41:21,416 --> 01:41:23,250
the Japanese people will not surrender,
1743
01:41:23,833 --> 01:41:25,250
under any circumstances,
1744
01:41:25,541 --> 01:41:28,666
short of a successful and total
invasion of the home islands.
1745
01:41:29,458 --> 01:41:31,833
Many lives would be lost,
American and Japanese.
1746
01:41:32,625 --> 01:41:36,000
The use of the atomic bomb
on Japanese cities will save lives.
1747
01:41:36,416 --> 01:41:38,250
If we retain moral advantage.
1748
01:41:39,291 --> 01:41:41,000
How so?
-Well, if we use this weapon
1749
01:41:41,041 --> 01:41:43,416
without informing our allies,
they'll see it as a threat,
1750
01:41:43,458 --> 01:41:44,791
and we'll be in an arms race.
1751
01:41:45,166 --> 01:41:46,958
How open can we
be with the Soviets?
1752
01:41:47,250 --> 01:41:51,166
Secrecy won't stop the Soviets from
becoming part of the atomic world.
1753
01:41:51,416 --> 01:41:54,750
We've been told they have no uranium.
-You've been misinformed.
1754
01:41:54,791 --> 01:41:56,500
A Russian bomb is a matter of time.
1755
01:41:56,541 --> 01:41:59,541
The program needs to
continue at full pace after the war.
1756
01:42:00,808 --> 01:42:02,500
Secretary Simpson, if I may,
1757
01:42:02,708 --> 01:42:06,666
not all scientists on the
project are in agreement.
1758
01:42:06,708 --> 01:42:09,375
In fact, this might be a moment
to consider other opinions.
1759
01:42:09,958 --> 01:42:12,250
If you talk to scientists...
-The Manhattan Project has been plagued
1760
01:42:12,291 --> 01:42:15,123
from the start by certain scientists of...
1761
01:42:15,333 --> 01:42:18,083
doubtful discretion,
and uncertain loyalty.
1762
01:42:18,208 --> 01:42:19,958
One of 'em just tried to
meet with the President.
1763
01:42:20,250 --> 01:42:21,583
Now, we need these men,
1764
01:42:22,000 --> 01:42:23,375
but as soon as it's practical,
1765
01:42:23,416 --> 01:42:25,750
we should sever any such
scientists from the program.
1766
01:42:25,791 --> 01:42:26,833
Wouldn't you agree, Doctor?
1767
01:42:28,583 --> 01:42:30,375
If a Russian bomb is inevitable,
1768
01:42:31,125 --> 01:42:34,041
perhaps we should invite
their top scientist to Trinity.
1769
01:42:34,083 --> 01:42:37,458
President Truman has no intention
of raising expectations
1770
01:42:37,750 --> 01:42:40,208
that Stalin be included
in the atomic project.
1771
01:42:40,666 --> 01:42:42,041
Informing him of our breakthrough,
1772
01:42:42,066 --> 01:42:44,041
and presenting it as
a means to win the war,
1773
01:42:44,066 --> 01:42:45,791
need not make
unkeepable promises.
1774
01:42:46,107 --> 01:42:48,000
But, the Potsdam Peace Conference in July
1775
01:42:48,041 --> 01:42:51,166
will be President Truman's last
chance to have that conversation.
1776
01:42:52,458 --> 01:42:54,041
Can you give us a working bomb by then?
1777
01:42:55,375 --> 01:42:56,376
Absolutely.
1778
01:42:56,466 --> 01:42:58,166
We will test fire before the conference.
1779
01:43:03,416 --> 01:43:06,000
Ground zero. Observation posts
1780
01:43:06,041 --> 01:43:09,791
at 10,000 yards, north, south, and west.
1781
01:43:09,833 --> 01:43:12,291
Where do we trigger from?
-South, 10,000.
1782
01:43:13,083 --> 01:43:16,208
And base camp is ten miles south here.
1783
01:43:16,458 --> 01:43:21,583
And there's a further observation
post on that hill, 20 miles away.
1784
01:43:21,916 --> 01:43:24,181
What's that, Frank?
Trigger lines already went in.
1785
01:43:24,583 --> 01:43:28,208
The Air Force requested
a line of lights for their B-29.
1786
01:43:28,333 --> 01:43:30,314
What B-29? Our bomb's on the tower.
1787
01:43:30,750 --> 01:43:32,000
They want to use the test
1788
01:43:32,041 --> 01:43:34,375
to confirm a safe operating distance.
-That's risky.
1789
01:43:34,708 --> 01:43:36,416
But not as risky as
dropping one over Japan,
1790
01:43:36,458 --> 01:43:38,375
and hoping that we were
right about the blast radius.
1791
01:43:38,583 --> 01:43:40,875
Don't let 'em slow us down,
we're firing on the 15th.
1792
01:43:40,916 --> 01:43:43,333
The 15th? That's not...
-The 15th.
1793
01:43:44,949 --> 01:43:45,949
15th.
1794
01:43:47,291 --> 01:43:49,357
So I'll be here at
South Observation Point
1795
01:43:49,381 --> 01:43:51,125
with Frank and Kistiakowsky.
1796
01:43:51,916 --> 01:43:54,375
You'll all be assigned to Base Camp,
1797
01:43:54,583 --> 01:43:57,000
West Observation, or Far Observation.
1798
01:44:07,208 --> 01:44:09,125
Hey, whoa, whoa! Careful with that knife.
1799
01:44:12,375 --> 01:44:13,791
Are those safe distances?
1800
01:44:14,571 --> 01:44:16,041
They're based on
your calculations.
1801
01:44:16,291 --> 01:44:19,125
Time to stand behind
your science, Hans. Literally.
1802
01:44:49,083 --> 01:44:50,541
What about the radiation cloud?
1803
01:44:50,958 --> 01:44:53,833
Without high winds,
it should settle within 2-3 miles.
1804
01:44:53,875 --> 01:44:55,500
Evacuation measures are in place.
1805
01:44:56,250 --> 01:44:58,958
But we need good weather
for visibility, so it has to be fine.
1806
01:45:00,708 --> 01:45:01,710
Everybody out!
1807
01:45:12,125 --> 01:45:14,956
We go on the night of the 15th.
It's a hard deadline.
1808
01:45:15,166 --> 01:45:17,583
So if anyone has anything, speak now.
1809
01:45:19,321 --> 01:45:21,791
Okay, stop, stop!
Everybody, mattresses.
1810
01:45:22,250 --> 01:45:23,958
Put the mattress there, underneath.
1811
01:45:41,208 --> 01:45:43,333
We could use a final implosion test.
1812
01:45:45,791 --> 01:45:47,916
It couldn't hurt.
-Do it.
1813
01:45:49,557 --> 01:45:51,291
Is there anything else that might stop us?
1814
01:46:26,363 --> 01:46:27,417
It's happening, isn't it?
1815
01:46:30,166 --> 01:46:31,212
I'll send a message.
1816
01:46:32,333 --> 01:46:33,583
If it's gone our way:
1817
01:46:35,375 --> 01:46:36,376
"Take in the sheets."
1818
01:46:40,750 --> 01:46:41,751
Robert.
1819
01:46:44,750 --> 01:46:45,751
Break a leg.
1820
01:46:59,125 --> 01:47:00,128
Look.
1821
01:47:52,416 --> 01:47:55,333
Oppie's taken a very
modest three kilotons.
1822
01:47:55,625 --> 01:47:57,791
Teller's view is 45.
-20!
1823
01:47:57,958 --> 01:48:00,250
20,000 tons of TNT.
1824
01:48:00,291 --> 01:48:03,500
And does anyone want the side action
on atmospheric ignition?
1825
01:48:06,250 --> 01:48:07,583
Are you saying we'll have to delay?
1826
01:48:08,083 --> 01:48:09,375
I'm saying it would be prudent.
1827
01:48:09,416 --> 01:48:10,708
This weather, has it reached the site?
1828
01:48:16,661 --> 01:48:18,916
Bethe is calling to tell you
the implosion test failed.
1829
01:48:18,958 --> 01:48:20,875
Hello, Hans? Yes, he's here.
1830
01:48:22,458 --> 01:48:23,465
Yes.
1831
01:48:26,166 --> 01:48:27,166
Is he wrong?
1832
01:48:27,366 --> 01:48:28,366
No.
-No?
1833
01:48:28,819 --> 01:48:29,804
No.
1834
01:48:30,526 --> 01:48:31,708
So we're about to fire a dud?
1835
01:48:32,606 --> 01:48:33,875
No.
-Explain!
1836
01:48:34,164 --> 01:48:35,458
Well, I can't. I just, I...
1837
01:48:35,636 --> 01:48:38,175
I just know, I know the
implosion lenses will work.
1838
01:48:38,208 --> 01:48:40,791
If we fire these detonators
and they don't trigger a reaction,
1839
01:48:40,833 --> 01:48:44,083
two years' worth of plutonium will
be scattered across White Sands.
1840
01:48:44,250 --> 01:48:46,958
A month of my salary against
ten bucks says it lights.
1841
01:48:48,083 --> 01:48:49,083
Oh, Jesus!
1842
01:48:56,041 --> 01:48:59,247
The wind's pickin' up at zero,
not the rain. Lightning's circling.
1843
01:48:59,522 --> 01:49:01,835
Think it might be time to
tell your men to get away
1844
01:49:01,859 --> 01:49:03,875
from the steel tower
with the atomic bomb?
1845
01:49:07,625 --> 01:49:09,136
Let's get to South Observation.
1846
01:49:09,214 --> 01:49:11,208
Pull 'em out, and we can
make our determination there.
1847
01:49:17,291 --> 01:49:19,166
The team hasn't slept in two nights!
1848
01:49:19,583 --> 01:49:22,833
If we stand down and make the bomb
safe, we won't be back here for weeks!
1849
01:49:22,907 --> 01:49:24,166
And we'll miss Potsdam!
1850
01:49:24,541 --> 01:49:27,708
I gotta get word to Truman
by seven, our window's closing.
1851
01:49:27,797 --> 01:49:30,083
What is this doing?
-Raining, blowing, lightning.
1852
01:49:30,125 --> 01:49:32,227
For how long, damnit?
-Holdin' strong!
1853
01:49:32,321 --> 01:49:33,583
It'll break before dawn.
1854
01:49:33,958 --> 01:49:35,541
How could you know that?
-I know this desert.
1855
01:49:35,583 --> 01:49:38,250
Storm cools overnight.
Just before dawn, storm breaks.
1856
01:49:38,541 --> 01:49:39,555
You could be right,
1857
01:49:39,579 --> 01:49:41,797
but schedule as late as possible.
-Five-thirty.
1858
01:49:42,541 --> 01:49:45,041
Sign your forecast.
If you're wrong, I'll hang you.
1859
01:49:45,166 --> 01:49:48,125
Tell 'em all. Five-thirty.
-Five-thirty, five-thirty!
1860
01:49:50,916 --> 01:49:55,625
Three years, 4,000 people,
two billion dollars.
1861
01:49:55,875 --> 01:49:57,291
Well, if it doesn't go off,
1862
01:49:58,375 --> 01:49:59,416
we're both finished.
1863
01:50:02,458 --> 01:50:04,125
I'm betting on three kilotons.
1864
01:50:05,333 --> 01:50:07,000
Anything less, they won't get what it is.
1865
01:50:07,958 --> 01:50:11,451
Now, what did Fermi mean by,
uh, atmospheric ignition?
1866
01:50:11,666 --> 01:50:14,083
Well, we had a moment where
it looked like the chain reaction
1867
01:50:14,125 --> 01:50:16,416
from an atomic device might never stop.
1868
01:50:17,666 --> 01:50:19,091
Setting fire to the atmosphere.
1869
01:50:19,541 --> 01:50:22,083
Why's Fermi still taking side bets on it?
1870
01:50:22,875 --> 01:50:24,427
Call it gallows humor.
1871
01:50:27,458 --> 01:50:31,952
Wait, are we saying there's a chance
that when we push that button,
1872
01:50:32,458 --> 01:50:33,625
we destroy the world?
1873
01:50:33,875 --> 01:50:36,708
Nothing in our research over
three years supports that conclusion,
1874
01:50:37,541 --> 01:50:40,291
except as the most remote possibility.
1875
01:50:41,250 --> 01:50:43,333
How remote?
-Chances are near-zero.
1876
01:50:44,916 --> 01:50:45,917
Near-zero?
1877
01:50:47,166 --> 01:50:48,666
What do you want from theory alone?
1878
01:50:51,250 --> 01:50:53,000
Zero would be nice.
1879
01:50:56,625 --> 01:50:59,208
In exactly one hour...
1880
01:50:59,583 --> 01:51:02,375
and 58 minutes, we'll know.
1881
01:51:09,333 --> 01:51:10,334
It's letting up.
1882
01:51:23,416 --> 01:51:25,583
The arming party's left zero,
they're heading this way.
1883
01:51:25,625 --> 01:51:26,625
Throw on your switches.
1884
01:51:26,833 --> 01:51:29,541
Turn the cars! Ready
for emergency evacuation.
1885
01:51:48,166 --> 01:51:50,541
...welder's glass.
Everybody take their places.
1886
01:51:51,416 --> 01:51:53,208
Everybody take a welder's glass!
1887
01:51:55,083 --> 01:51:56,625
Everybody take a welder's glass!
1888
01:52:48,333 --> 01:52:49,336
20 minutes.
1889
01:52:53,666 --> 01:52:54,667
20 minutes!
1890
01:53:06,000 --> 01:53:07,000
That's 20!
1891
01:53:10,708 --> 01:53:11,708
On the leg, please.
1892
01:53:13,341 --> 01:53:14,916
Feynman?
-No.
1893
01:53:15,833 --> 01:53:17,791
The glass stops the UV.
1894
01:53:18,291 --> 01:53:19,416
What stops the glass?
1895
01:53:21,375 --> 01:53:22,376
I'm heading to base camp.
1896
01:53:22,771 --> 01:53:23,771
Best of luck.
1897
01:53:24,791 --> 01:53:25,794
Robert?
1898
01:53:27,291 --> 01:53:28,375
Try not to blow up the world.
1899
01:53:40,833 --> 01:53:43,338
Watch that needle.
If the detonators don't charge,
1900
01:53:43,455 --> 01:53:45,166
and the voltage drops below one volt,
1901
01:53:45,333 --> 01:53:47,750
you hit that button,
you abort. Understood?
1902
01:53:48,572 --> 01:53:49,572
Understood.
1903
01:53:57,166 --> 01:53:59,034
Two minutes to detonation.
1904
01:53:59,510 --> 01:54:00,510
Everybody down!
1905
01:54:01,625 --> 01:54:04,333
Do not turn around until you
see light reflected on the hills.
1906
01:54:05,750 --> 01:54:08,500
Then look at the explosion
only through your welder's glass.
1907
01:54:08,541 --> 01:54:11,083
90 seconds to detonation.
1908
01:54:12,875 --> 01:54:15,208
80 seconds to detonation.
1909
01:54:16,125 --> 01:54:17,359
Is it rubbed in?
1910
01:54:18,166 --> 01:54:19,184
Yeah.
1911
01:54:25,833 --> 01:54:28,500
60 seconds to detonation.
1912
01:54:43,416 --> 01:54:45,166
These things are hard on your heart.
1913
01:54:45,791 --> 01:54:46,791
30 seconds.
1914
01:54:52,541 --> 01:54:53,583
Detonators charged!
1915
01:55:04,166 --> 01:55:05,376
17.
1916
01:55:05,463 --> 01:55:06,689
16.
1917
01:55:07,197 --> 01:55:08,407
15.
1918
01:55:08,791 --> 01:55:09,791
14.
1919
01:55:10,776 --> 01:55:11,792
13.
1920
01:55:12,500 --> 01:55:13,502
12.
1921
01:55:14,000 --> 01:55:15,003
11.
1922
01:55:15,901 --> 01:55:16,920
Ten.
1923
01:55:18,083 --> 01:55:19,089
Nine.
1924
01:55:20,041 --> 01:55:21,035
Eight.
1925
01:55:22,291 --> 01:55:23,300
Seven.
1926
01:55:24,791 --> 01:55:25,811
Six.
1927
01:55:27,708 --> 01:55:28,720
Five.
1928
01:55:30,333 --> 01:55:31,333
Four.
1929
01:55:32,875 --> 01:55:33,875
Three.
1930
01:55:35,416 --> 01:55:36,416
Two.
1931
01:55:37,708 --> 01:55:38,500
One.
1932
01:57:11,750 --> 01:57:14,031
"And now I am become Death...
1933
01:57:16,420 --> 01:57:17,875
"the destroyer of worlds."
1934
01:57:51,583 --> 01:57:52,583
It worked.
1935
01:58:28,208 --> 01:58:29,375
You owe me ten dollars!
1936
01:58:32,334 --> 01:58:35,041
Come on!
-I... I'm good for it, Kisti.
1937
01:58:35,980 --> 01:58:36,980
You are!
1938
01:58:37,910 --> 01:58:39,000
Yes, you are!
1939
01:59:16,750 --> 01:59:18,208
Get me Potsdam right away.
1940
01:59:30,017 --> 01:59:31,083
Get a message to Kitty.
1941
01:59:31,708 --> 01:59:33,875
We can't say anything.
-Tell her to take in the sheets.
1942
01:59:49,735 --> 01:59:51,375
Hello?
-Hi, Kitty?
1943
01:59:51,416 --> 01:59:54,500
What? What? Charlotte?
Charlotte, go ahead. Go ahead.
1944
01:59:54,583 --> 01:59:56,166
Oh, um, well, I don't know,
1945
01:59:56,208 --> 01:59:58,666
he just said to tell you
to bring in the sheets.
1946
02:00:01,875 --> 02:00:02,877
Kitty?
1947
02:00:04,500 --> 02:00:06,708
Kitty? Kitty, are you still there?
1948
02:00:14,125 --> 02:00:17,250
If they detonate it too high in the air,
the blast won't be as powerful.
1949
02:00:17,666 --> 02:00:20,875
With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer,
we'll take it from here.
1950
02:00:31,750 --> 02:00:33,881
Did Truman brief Stalin at Potsdam?
1951
02:00:34,833 --> 02:00:37,208
"Brief" would be an overstatement.
1952
02:00:37,250 --> 02:00:40,833
He referred to a powerful
new weapon.
1953
02:00:41,541 --> 02:00:46,208
Stalin... hoped we'd use it against Japan.
1954
02:00:47,750 --> 02:00:48,750
That's it?
1955
02:00:49,333 --> 02:00:52,541
Robert, we've given them an ace.
It's for them to play the hand.
1956
02:00:54,958 --> 02:00:56,041
You're aiming for the sixth?
1957
02:00:57,193 --> 02:00:58,958
It's up to the CO in the Pacific.
1958
02:01:00,833 --> 02:01:02,041
Should I come with you to Washington?
1959
02:01:04,250 --> 02:01:05,250
What for?
1960
02:01:07,735 --> 02:01:08,916
Well, you keep me informed.
1961
02:01:10,766 --> 02:01:11,766
Of course.
1962
02:01:14,041 --> 02:01:15,042
As best I can.
1963
02:01:33,333 --> 02:01:35,750
Would the Japanese surrender
if they knew what was coming?
1964
02:01:37,291 --> 02:01:38,296
I don't know.
1965
02:01:41,250 --> 02:01:42,625
Have you seen Szilard's petition?
1966
02:01:43,291 --> 02:01:45,166
How the hell does Szilard
know about the Japanese?
1967
02:01:46,000 --> 02:01:47,000
You're not signing it, are you?
1968
02:01:48,125 --> 02:01:49,833
Many people have.
A lot of people.
1969
02:01:50,586 --> 02:01:51,594
Edward...
1970
02:01:53,125 --> 02:01:55,916
the fact that we built this bomb
does not give us any more,
1971
02:01:55,958 --> 02:01:57,583
any more right or responsibility
1972
02:01:57,708 --> 02:01:59,875
to decide how it's used than anyone else.
1973
02:02:00,250 --> 02:02:01,833
But we're the only
people who know about it.
1974
02:02:02,583 --> 02:02:05,125
I've told Stimson the various
opinions of the community.
1975
02:02:05,708 --> 02:02:06,707
But what's your opinion?
1976
02:02:08,250 --> 02:02:09,250
Once it's used...
1977
02:02:10,791 --> 02:02:12,458
nuclear war, perhaps...
1978
02:02:13,458 --> 02:02:14,661
all war...
1979
02:02:16,067 --> 02:02:17,083
becomes unthinkable.
1980
02:02:18,041 --> 02:02:19,750
Until somebody
builds a bigger one.
1981
02:02:41,083 --> 02:02:42,250
I thought they would call.
1982
02:02:42,625 --> 02:02:43,958
It's only the fifth.
1983
02:02:46,622 --> 02:02:48,250
In Japan, it's the sixth.
1984
02:03:01,458 --> 02:03:02,454
Charlotte?
1985
02:03:05,041 --> 02:03:06,043
Try Groves.
1986
02:03:07,595 --> 02:03:08,584
Anything?
1987
02:03:11,041 --> 02:03:13,291
Charlotte?
-Truman's on the radio.
1988
02:03:14,750 --> 02:03:16,666
16 hours ago,
1989
02:03:17,666 --> 02:03:19,416
an American airplane
1990
02:03:19,833 --> 02:03:22,810
dropped one bomb on Hiroshima,
1991
02:03:24,500 --> 02:03:27,387
and destroyed its
usefulness to the enemy.
1992
02:03:29,666 --> 02:03:31,750
The bomb has more power
1993
02:03:32,208 --> 02:03:35,250
than 20,000 tons of TNT.
1994
02:03:37,750 --> 02:03:39,458
It is an atomic bomb.
1995
02:03:42,375 --> 02:03:46,708
It is a harnessing of the
basic power of the universe.
1996
02:03:49,500 --> 02:03:50,503
Groves on one.
1997
02:03:56,708 --> 02:03:57,705
General?
1998
02:03:57,750 --> 02:03:59,916
I'm very proud of you,
and all of your people.
1999
02:04:00,625 --> 02:04:01,625
It went alright?
2000
02:04:02,208 --> 02:04:04,458
Apparently it went with a tremendous bang.
2001
02:04:05,736 --> 02:04:09,541
Well, everyone here is feeling
reasonably good about it.
2002
02:04:11,326 --> 02:04:12,541
It's been a long road.
2003
02:04:13,000 --> 02:04:15,166
I think one of the
wisest things I ever did
2004
02:04:15,208 --> 02:04:17,708
was when I selected
the director of Los Alamos.
2005
02:04:21,125 --> 02:04:24,750
We have spent more
than two billion dollars
2006
02:04:25,250 --> 02:04:28,750
on the greatest scientific
gamble in history,
2007
02:04:29,625 --> 02:04:31,083
and we have won.
2008
02:04:37,000 --> 02:04:39,708
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2009
02:05:59,625 --> 02:06:00,625
The world...
2010
02:06:02,666 --> 02:06:03,708
will remember this day.
2011
02:06:23,083 --> 02:06:24,333
It's too soon to...
2012
02:06:25,333 --> 02:06:26,916
It's too soon to determine
2013
02:06:27,291 --> 02:06:29,000
what the results of the bombing are.
2014
02:06:32,500 --> 02:06:34,041
But I'll bet the Japanese didn't like it.
2015
02:06:54,916 --> 02:06:55,917
I'm so proud.
2016
02:06:57,583 --> 02:06:59,333
So proud of what you have accomplished.
2017
02:07:07,250 --> 02:07:09,875
I just wish we had it in time
to use against the Germans.
2018
02:08:59,625 --> 02:09:00,609
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2019
02:09:02,041 --> 02:09:03,025
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2020
02:09:04,333 --> 02:09:05,323
Nice picture.
2021
02:09:06,166 --> 02:09:07,291
President Truman will see you now.
2022
02:09:22,166 --> 02:09:24,916
Dr. Oppenheimer, it's an honor.
2023
02:09:24,958 --> 02:09:26,617
Mr. President.
-Please.
2024
02:09:26,958 --> 02:09:27,977
Thank you.
2025
02:09:28,625 --> 02:09:29,750
Secretary Byrnes.
2026
02:09:32,541 --> 02:09:35,333
How's it feel to be the most
famous man in the world?
2027
02:09:36,458 --> 02:09:39,083
You helped save a lot of American lives.
2028
02:09:39,747 --> 02:09:43,692
What we did at Hiroshima was...
-And Nagasaki.
2029
02:09:44,875 --> 02:09:46,255
Obviously.
2030
02:09:47,041 --> 02:09:50,083
Your invention let us
bring our boys home.
2031
02:09:50,125 --> 02:09:53,224
Well, it was hardly... my invention.
2032
02:09:53,625 --> 02:09:55,541
It was you on the cover of Time.
2033
02:09:58,583 --> 02:10:02,083
Jim tells me you're concerned
about an arms race with the Soviets.
2034
02:10:02,375 --> 02:10:03,416
Ah, yes, ah...
2035
02:10:05,083 --> 02:10:06,068
Well, um...
2036
02:10:06,541 --> 02:10:10,416
it's that, uh, now is
our chance to secure...
2037
02:10:11,791 --> 02:10:14,583
international cooperation
on atomic energy,
2038
02:10:14,625 --> 02:10:16,875
and-and-and I'm concerned...
2039
02:10:16,916 --> 02:10:19,713
Do you know when the Soviets
are gonna have the bomb?
2040
02:10:20,166 --> 02:10:21,666
I don't think I could give a...
2041
02:10:21,791 --> 02:10:22,791
Never!
2042
02:10:24,041 --> 02:10:25,041
Never.
2043
02:10:25,666 --> 02:10:28,916
Mr. President, the Russians
have good physicists,
2044
02:10:28,958 --> 02:10:31,583
and, and abundant resources...
-Abundant?
2045
02:10:31,666 --> 02:10:32,667
Yes.
2046
02:10:33,198 --> 02:10:34,916
I don't think so.
2047
02:10:35,416 --> 02:10:38,625
Well, they'll put
everything they have in...
2048
02:10:42,708 --> 02:10:46,166
I hear you're leaving Los Alamos.
2049
02:10:47,583 --> 02:10:48,844
What should we do with it?
2050
02:10:49,208 --> 02:10:50,541
Give it back to the Indians.
2051
02:10:58,791 --> 02:11:01,166
Um, Dr. Oppenheimer...
2052
02:11:02,166 --> 02:11:04,625
if what you say about
the Soviets is true,
2053
02:11:05,333 --> 02:11:09,208
we have to build up Los Alamos,
not shut it down.
2054
02:11:13,041 --> 02:11:14,208
Mr. President...
2055
02:11:15,958 --> 02:11:16,958
Umm...
2056
02:11:20,125 --> 02:11:23,541
I feel that I have
blood on my hands.
2057
02:11:43,541 --> 02:11:46,541
You think anyone
in Hiroshima, or...
2058
02:11:47,609 --> 02:11:51,541
Nagasaki, gives a shit who built the bomb?
2059
02:11:55,375 --> 02:11:57,000
They care who dropped it.
2060
02:11:58,375 --> 02:11:59,376
I did.
2061
02:12:02,208 --> 02:12:04,166
Hiroshima isn't about you.
2062
02:12:10,958 --> 02:12:12,250
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2063
02:12:23,958 --> 02:12:26,166
Don't let that crybaby back in here!
2064
02:12:31,791 --> 02:12:34,708
Robert saw that
hand-wringing got him nowhere.
2065
02:12:35,750 --> 02:12:38,000
By the time I met him, he'd fully embraced
2066
02:12:38,041 --> 02:12:39,958
his "Father of the Bomb" reputation.
2067
02:12:40,875 --> 02:12:43,416
And used his profile to influence policy.
2068
02:12:52,583 --> 02:12:54,000
Doctor, in the years
following the war,
2069
02:12:54,041 --> 02:12:56,291
would you say that you
exerted a great influence
2070
02:12:56,333 --> 02:12:58,166
on the atomic policies of the USA?
2071
02:12:58,208 --> 02:13:00,375
I think "great" would
be an overstatement.
2072
02:13:00,583 --> 02:13:02,791
Really? I mean, look
at the issue of isotopes.
2073
02:13:02,833 --> 02:13:06,416
Were you not personally responsible for
destroying all opposition to their export?
2074
02:13:06,638 --> 02:13:08,458
...could use a bottle of beer
2075
02:13:09,083 --> 02:13:11,001
in making atomic weapons. In fact, you do.
2076
02:13:11,416 --> 02:13:15,166
I was the spokesman, but the opinion
among scientists was unanimous.
2077
02:13:15,458 --> 02:13:18,500
All along, with McCarthy on the rise,
he knew he was vulnerable.
2078
02:13:19,267 --> 02:13:22,750
His brother was blacklisted
by every university in the country.
2079
02:13:24,416 --> 02:13:27,125
Lomanitz wound up working
the railroad, laying track.
2080
02:13:29,291 --> 02:13:31,291
Chevalier went into exile.
2081
02:13:33,583 --> 02:13:36,083
But none of that stopped Robert
2082
02:13:36,125 --> 02:13:38,805
from pushing the GAC
to recommend arms control,
2083
02:13:38,829 --> 02:13:39,833
instead of the H-Bomb.
2084
02:13:42,125 --> 02:13:45,250
He was devastated when Truman
rejected their recommendation.
2085
02:13:47,541 --> 02:13:49,208
I miss Richard more than I can bear.
2086
02:13:49,541 --> 02:13:51,000
I know, Ruth. I know.
2087
02:13:51,437 --> 02:13:54,333
I'm just glad he didn't live
to see where this has all gone.
2088
02:13:57,708 --> 02:14:00,416
Here comes the
birthday boy, to gloat...
2089
02:14:00,875 --> 02:14:01,860
Have fun.
2090
02:14:02,625 --> 02:14:04,541
Robert, my son and his fiancรฉe
2091
02:14:04,583 --> 02:14:07,083
are desperate to meet the
father of the atomic bomb, so...
2092
02:14:07,107 --> 02:14:08,099
Hello.
2093
02:14:16,333 --> 02:14:17,335
Is this a bad time?
2094
02:14:18,333 --> 02:14:19,377
What do you think, Lewis?
2095
02:14:20,000 --> 02:14:21,583
Well, I think it must have
been a blow for you.
2096
02:14:22,250 --> 02:14:23,251
For the world.
2097
02:14:24,875 --> 02:14:27,625
The world? What does Fuchs
mean to the rest of the world?
2098
02:14:29,541 --> 02:14:30,568
Fuchs?
2099
02:14:30,998 --> 02:14:31,999
Klaus Fuchs?
2100
02:14:34,008 --> 02:14:36,125
Oh dear. You haven't heard.
2101
02:14:39,458 --> 02:14:41,375
Klaus Fuchs, the British scientist
2102
02:14:41,416 --> 02:14:44,000
that you put onto the
implosion team at Los Alamos.
2103
02:14:45,500 --> 02:14:46,625
Turns out he was...
2104
02:14:47,219 --> 02:14:49,500
He was spying for the
Soviets the whole time.
2105
02:14:50,060 --> 02:14:51,050
I'm sorry.
2106
02:14:56,958 --> 02:14:59,482
After the truth about
Fuchs came out,
2107
02:14:59,750 --> 02:15:01,791
the FBI stepped up surveillance on him.
2108
02:15:02,000 --> 02:15:03,500
He knew his phone was tapped.
2109
02:15:04,666 --> 02:15:05,750
He was followed everywhere.
2110
02:15:06,875 --> 02:15:08,000
His trash picked through.
2111
02:15:12,041 --> 02:15:14,125
But he never stopped
speaking his mind.
2112
02:15:14,666 --> 02:15:15,833
A man of conviction.
2113
02:15:16,416 --> 02:15:19,125
And maybe he thought fame
could actually protect him.
2114
02:15:21,500 --> 02:15:23,833
When Eisenhower took office,
he saw one more chance.
2115
02:15:26,083 --> 02:15:27,000
He took it.
2116
02:15:27,042 --> 02:15:30,208
America and Russia may be likened...
2117
02:15:31,583 --> 02:15:33,583
to two scorpions in a bottle.
2118
02:15:33,819 --> 02:15:37,041
Each capable of killing the other,
2119
02:15:37,250 --> 02:15:40,008
but only at the risk of his own life.
2120
02:15:40,708 --> 02:15:42,750
Now, there are various
aspects of this policy...
2121
02:15:42,791 --> 02:15:47,166
A lot of scientists blame me,
but how was I supposed to protect him?
2122
02:15:47,208 --> 02:15:49,250
...are too secret for discussion.
2123
02:15:49,458 --> 02:15:51,291
Candor is the only remedy.
2124
02:15:51,500 --> 02:15:55,125
Officials in Washington need to start
leveling with the American people.
2125
02:15:56,750 --> 02:15:58,958
That was the last straw
for Robert's enemies.
2126
02:15:59,000 --> 02:16:01,623
So he had to lose
his security clearance.
2127
02:16:01,791 --> 02:16:04,000
And with it, his credibility.
2128
02:16:04,541 --> 02:16:06,166
But how could they do it?
2129
02:16:06,708 --> 02:16:07,958
He was a war hero.
2130
02:16:08,000 --> 02:16:10,041
He'd already told everyone about his past.
2131
02:16:10,083 --> 02:16:11,744
Borden dredged it all up.
2132
02:16:12,083 --> 02:16:15,375
How could Borden get access
to Oppenheimer's FBI file?
2133
02:16:15,416 --> 02:16:16,416
Could it have been Nichols?
2134
02:16:16,750 --> 02:16:18,291
No, I can't imagine he'd do that.
2135
02:16:19,166 --> 02:16:22,875
Whoever did unleashed a firestorm
that burned a path in the White House,
2136
02:16:23,250 --> 02:16:25,250
right to my desk at the AEC.
2137
02:16:26,208 --> 02:16:27,625
You seen 'em in there, right?
2138
02:16:28,416 --> 02:16:30,799
I've worked my whole life to get here.
2139
02:16:31,666 --> 02:16:33,791
The cabinet of the
United States of America,
2140
02:16:33,833 --> 02:16:35,541
and now, in front of the entire country,
2141
02:16:35,916 --> 02:16:37,416
they want to put me back in my place.
2142
02:16:39,291 --> 02:16:40,708
A lowly shoe salesman.
2143
02:16:41,737 --> 02:16:43,583
Lewis, we can win this thing.
2144
02:16:43,875 --> 02:16:45,875
I think we can get the Senate to grasp
2145
02:16:45,916 --> 02:16:48,166
that you did your duty,
painful though it was.
2146
02:16:48,375 --> 02:16:51,291
Now, will Hill's testimony back us up?
-Hill will be fine.
2147
02:16:51,333 --> 02:16:54,666
I don't really know him, but he was
one of Szilard's boys in Chicago.
2148
02:16:54,708 --> 02:16:56,407
And they'd never forgave Robert for not
2149
02:16:56,431 --> 02:16:58,666
supporting the petition
against bombing Japan.
2150
02:16:59,958 --> 02:17:02,958
This was taken 31 days after the bombing.
2151
02:17:04,291 --> 02:17:08,458
Virtually everyone in the streets,
for nearly a mile around,
2152
02:17:09,291 --> 02:17:10,875
was instantly and seriously...
2153
02:17:11,708 --> 02:17:12,696
burned.
2154
02:17:13,708 --> 02:17:17,067
The Japanese spoke of people who
2155
02:17:17,291 --> 02:17:21,041
wore striped clothing, upon whom
the skin was burned in stripes.
2156
02:17:22,333 --> 02:17:24,255
There were many who
thought themselves lucky,
2157
02:17:24,988 --> 02:17:27,208
who climbed out of the
ruins of their homes,
2158
02:17:27,625 --> 02:17:28,750
only slightly injured.
2159
02:17:30,617 --> 02:17:31,625
But they died anyway.
2160
02:17:33,083 --> 02:17:35,416
They died days, or weeks later,
2161
02:17:36,340 --> 02:17:38,875
from iridium-like rays
emitted in great numbers
2162
02:17:39,541 --> 02:17:41,125
at the moment of the explosion.
2163
02:17:43,000 --> 02:17:44,666
Did you read this
crap in the papers?
2164
02:17:45,041 --> 02:17:46,625
A British physicist is saying
2165
02:17:46,875 --> 02:17:49,541
the atomic bombings were
not the last act of World War II,
2166
02:17:49,852 --> 02:17:52,583
but the first act of this
cold war with Russia.
2167
02:17:53,242 --> 02:17:54,231
Which physicist?
2168
02:17:54,583 --> 02:17:56,833
I think you knew him.
Patrick Blackett.
2169
02:18:00,208 --> 02:18:03,083
He may not be wrong.
Stimson is now telling me
2170
02:18:03,166 --> 02:18:06,083
we bombed an enemy that
was essentially defeated.
2171
02:18:06,291 --> 02:18:08,416
Robert, you've all the influence now.
2172
02:18:09,755 --> 02:18:10,742
Please,
2173
02:18:11,458 --> 02:18:13,500
urge them to continue
my research on the Super.
2174
02:18:13,833 --> 02:18:15,458
I neither can nor will, Edward.
2175
02:18:15,860 --> 02:18:16,858
Why not?
2176
02:18:17,208 --> 02:18:18,860
It's not the right use of our resources.
2177
02:18:19,375 --> 02:18:20,708
Is that what you really believe?
2178
02:18:21,691 --> 02:18:25,458
J. Robert Oppenheimer?
Sphinx-like guru of the atom?
2179
02:18:27,125 --> 02:18:28,625
Nobody knows what you believe.
2180
02:18:29,833 --> 02:18:31,375
Do you? Hmm?
2181
02:18:32,250 --> 02:18:36,083
One final time, our program director,
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
2182
02:18:37,958 --> 02:18:39,916
I hope that in years to come,
2183
02:18:40,250 --> 02:18:42,541
you will look back
on your work here with pride.
2184
02:18:43,625 --> 02:18:47,558
But today, that pride must be tempered
with a profound concern.
2185
02:18:49,598 --> 02:18:53,083
If atomic weapons are to be added
to the arsenals of a warring world,
2186
02:18:54,833 --> 02:18:58,666
then the day will come when people
will curse the name of Los Alamos.
2187
02:19:03,125 --> 02:19:04,141
Uh, sorry, Admiral.
2188
02:19:05,041 --> 02:19:06,208
Stopped off to get this.
2189
02:19:07,333 --> 02:19:08,583
Seems pretty favorable.
2190
02:19:09,875 --> 02:19:11,958
There's Oppenheimer. What's the caption?
2191
02:19:12,086 --> 02:19:15,023
Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer.
Strauss fought him...
2192
02:19:16,959 --> 02:19:18,041
"and the US won."
2193
02:19:19,625 --> 02:19:20,625
That'll work.
2194
02:19:21,016 --> 02:19:22,708
Those were your words from the other day.
2195
02:19:22,958 --> 02:19:23,959
We needed to pivot.
2196
02:19:24,781 --> 02:19:27,422
But how would you know what
Time Magazine was gonna write?
2197
02:19:27,625 --> 02:19:29,166
Henry Luce is a friend.
2198
02:19:37,083 --> 02:19:39,291
You sat here and let me
tell you how it's done,
2199
02:19:40,083 --> 02:19:41,916
but you've been
far ahead all along.
2200
02:19:42,475 --> 02:19:44,458
Survival in Washington.
2201
02:19:45,375 --> 02:19:47,000
It's about knowing how to get things done.
2202
02:19:48,083 --> 02:19:49,107
Right.
2203
02:19:51,250 --> 02:19:52,541
What was it you said about Borden?
2204
02:19:53,215 --> 02:19:54,958
Why get caught holding
the knife yourself?
2205
02:19:57,471 --> 02:20:00,125
I'm beginning to think Borden
was holding the knife for you.
2206
02:20:03,229 --> 02:20:05,083
It's gonna come down
to how much influence
2207
02:20:05,125 --> 02:20:07,041
Borden's been able to exert on Teller.
2208
02:20:08,291 --> 02:20:09,541
Did I say something funny?
2209
02:20:09,705 --> 02:20:14,125
Just "Borden, Borden, Borden",
when we all know that it's Strauss.
2210
02:20:14,583 --> 02:20:16,541
Lewis brought me
to Princeton, Kitty.
2211
02:20:17,208 --> 02:20:19,699
And then you humiliated
him in front of Congress.
2212
02:20:19,779 --> 02:20:21,333
But more useful than a sandwich!
2213
02:20:25,333 --> 02:20:26,335
How'd I do?
2214
02:20:27,750 --> 02:20:29,166
Maybe a little too well, Robert.
2215
02:20:29,833 --> 02:20:30,978
That was six years ago.
2216
02:20:31,125 --> 02:20:34,500
You know, they're truly vindictive,
patient as saints.
2217
02:20:34,791 --> 02:20:37,208
Strauss has been perfectly
clear that he is neutral.
2218
02:20:38,250 --> 02:20:41,041
Wake up! It is Strauss!
2219
02:20:41,250 --> 02:20:43,166
It's always been Strauss, and you know it!
2220
02:20:44,166 --> 02:20:45,500
Why won't you fight him?
2221
02:20:49,125 --> 02:20:52,731
It wasn't Nichols, or Hoover,
or one of Truman's guys.
2222
02:20:52,789 --> 02:20:53,789
It was you.
2223
02:20:54,282 --> 02:20:55,500
You gave the file to Borden.
2224
02:20:55,708 --> 02:20:57,166
You set him on Oppenheimer.
2225
02:20:57,333 --> 02:20:58,500
You convinced him...
-Borden...
2226
02:20:59,916 --> 02:21:01,875
didn't take any convincing.
2227
02:21:02,292 --> 02:21:03,791
Take your time,
use the entire file.
2228
02:21:04,166 --> 02:21:06,250
Write up your conclusions,
send them to the FBI.
2229
02:21:06,583 --> 02:21:08,750
The material's obviously extensive,
2230
02:21:08,791 --> 02:21:10,833
but there's nothing new here.
2231
02:21:11,083 --> 02:21:12,208
Your conclusions will be.
2232
02:21:13,223 --> 02:21:14,541
And they'll have to be answered.
2233
02:21:15,416 --> 02:21:16,916
Hoover passes them to McCarthy?
2234
02:21:17,375 --> 02:21:19,958
Oppenheimer's too slippery
for that self-promoting clown.
2235
02:21:20,583 --> 02:21:21,708
I've talked it over with Hoover.
2236
02:21:21,750 --> 02:21:25,166
He'll hold McCarthy at bay
while you do this with the AEC.
2237
02:21:25,750 --> 02:21:27,625
Trial?
-No, no trial.
2238
02:21:27,666 --> 02:21:30,166
You can't give Oppenheimer a platform.
2239
02:21:30,625 --> 02:21:31,666
You can't martyr him.
2240
02:21:32,651 --> 02:21:35,833
We need a systematic destruction
of Oppenheimer's credibility,
2241
02:21:35,875 --> 02:21:39,083
so he can never again speak
on matters of national security.
2242
02:21:40,291 --> 02:21:41,293
Then what?
2243
02:21:42,791 --> 02:21:45,833
A shabby little room.
Far from the limelight.
2244
02:21:51,875 --> 02:21:56,000
A simple bureaucratic procedure.
His Q clearance. It's up for renewal.
2245
02:21:56,375 --> 02:21:58,958
You send your accusations to the FBI...
2246
02:22:01,458 --> 02:22:04,416
Hoover sends them to the AEC.
You're forced to act.
2247
02:22:05,166 --> 02:22:06,458
You write up an indictment.
2248
02:22:07,000 --> 02:22:10,250
You tell Oppenheimer his security
clearance is not being renewed.
2249
02:22:11,000 --> 02:22:12,666
But offer him the chance to appeal.
2250
02:22:12,833 --> 02:22:14,916
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
2251
02:22:15,291 --> 02:22:16,791
May I keep this?
-No.
2252
02:22:17,666 --> 02:22:21,166
If you do decide to appeal,
they'll have to send you a copy.
2253
02:22:21,708 --> 02:22:26,250
When he appeals, and trust me,
he will, I appoint a board.
2254
02:22:27,250 --> 02:22:29,000
They will, of course, have counsel.
2255
02:22:29,958 --> 02:22:31,541
Prosecutor?
-In all but name.
2256
02:22:31,750 --> 02:22:33,708
Who?
-Roger Robb.
2257
02:22:33,750 --> 02:22:34,748
Ouch.
2258
02:22:34,791 --> 02:22:38,041
Robb will have security clearance
to examine Oppenheimer's file.
2259
02:22:38,166 --> 02:22:40,708
As will the Gray Board.
Defense counsel will not.
2260
02:22:42,416 --> 02:22:43,416
A closed hearing.
2261
02:22:43,666 --> 02:22:47,750
The so-called interrogatory information
in your indictment of me...
2262
02:22:47,791 --> 02:22:51,416
No audience, no reporters,
no burden of proof.
2263
02:22:51,916 --> 02:22:52,917
No burden of proof?
2264
02:22:54,916 --> 02:22:55,916
We're not convicting.
2265
02:22:57,083 --> 02:22:58,625
We're just denying.
2266
02:23:04,541 --> 02:23:06,458
What is it you said?
2267
02:23:07,458 --> 02:23:10,625
This is just how the game is played.
2268
02:23:11,458 --> 02:23:12,875
Well, forgive my naivete.
2269
02:23:13,791 --> 02:23:17,291
Amateurs seek the sun, get eaten.
2270
02:23:18,833 --> 02:23:21,875
Power stays in the shadows.
2271
02:23:22,166 --> 02:23:25,083
But, sir, you're... you're
out of the shadows now.
2272
02:23:25,125 --> 02:23:26,916
Yeah, that's why this has to work.
2273
02:23:27,083 --> 02:23:28,069
Well...
2274
02:23:30,011 --> 02:23:31,708
Teller's testifying this morning.
2275
02:23:31,958 --> 02:23:33,208
That'll help. And then...
2276
02:23:34,597 --> 02:23:35,897
Hill is in the afternoon.
2277
02:23:35,922 --> 02:23:37,166
Hill is gonna help us too.
2278
02:23:40,541 --> 02:23:42,875
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
2279
02:23:43,791 --> 02:23:45,083
May I keep this?
-No.
2280
02:23:47,916 --> 02:23:52,333
If you do decide to appeal, then
they'll have to send you a copy.
2281
02:23:56,375 --> 02:23:58,291
Take my car and driver, I insist.
2282
02:24:03,250 --> 02:24:05,125
I'll have to consult my lawyers, Lewis.
2283
02:24:05,333 --> 02:24:08,000
Of course. But don't take too long.
2284
02:24:08,166 --> 02:24:09,666
I can't keep Nichols at bay.
2285
02:24:16,333 --> 02:24:18,143
I'm sorry it's come to this, Robert.
2286
02:24:18,708 --> 02:24:19,709
I think it's wrong.
2287
02:24:33,208 --> 02:24:36,166
Nichols wants me to fight,
so he can get it all on the record.
2288
02:24:36,747 --> 02:24:38,125
Strauss wants me to walk away.
2289
02:24:38,567 --> 02:24:43,021
Strauss knows that you can't do that.
You'd be accepting the charges.
2290
02:24:43,917 --> 02:24:45,125
You'll lose your job.
2291
02:24:45,458 --> 02:24:48,208
You will lose your reputation.
We'll lose our house.
2292
02:24:48,500 --> 02:24:49,750
Robert, we have to fight.
2293
02:24:53,250 --> 02:24:55,291
As AEC counsel, I can't represent you.
2294
02:24:55,875 --> 02:24:57,000
I'll call Lloyd Garrison.
2295
02:24:57,625 --> 02:24:58,626
Oh, he's good.
2296
02:24:58,875 --> 02:25:01,875
The best, but I have to warn you.
2297
02:25:03,666 --> 02:25:04,875
This won't be a fair fight.
2298
02:25:05,750 --> 02:25:09,708
During your interview with Boris Pash
in 1943, did you refer to microfilm?
2299
02:25:09,958 --> 02:25:13,166
No.
-Tab 11, page one, paragraph three.
2300
02:25:13,208 --> 02:25:16,625
You never said, "man of the consulate,
expert in the use of microfilm"?
2301
02:25:16,666 --> 02:25:17,666
I'm sorry, I'm sorry...
-No.
2302
02:25:17,708 --> 02:25:20,083
I would like to know what document
Mr. Robb is quoting from,
2303
02:25:20,125 --> 02:25:21,566
and if we might be furnished with a copy.
2304
02:25:21,958 --> 02:25:23,791
The document is classified, Mr. Garrison.
2305
02:25:23,958 --> 02:25:26,208
I think we should get back
to firsthand information.
2306
02:25:26,250 --> 02:25:27,250
This is firsthand.
2307
02:25:27,708 --> 02:25:28,722
How so, Roger?
2308
02:25:30,875 --> 02:25:32,208
There was a recording of the interview.
2309
02:25:37,291 --> 02:25:40,125
You let my client sit here
and potentially perjure himself,
2310
02:25:40,166 --> 02:25:42,333
and all this time, you had a recording?
2311
02:25:42,583 --> 02:25:45,416
Nobody told your client to
misrepresent his former answers.
2312
02:25:45,458 --> 02:25:47,166
Misrepresent? It was 12 years ago!
2313
02:25:47,750 --> 02:25:48,725
Can we hear this recording?
2314
02:25:49,000 --> 02:25:50,252
You don't have the
clearance, Mr. Garrison.
2315
02:25:50,299 --> 02:25:52,125
But you're reading
it into the record!
2316
02:25:52,541 --> 02:25:56,833
Please, please. Is this proceeding
interested in entrapment or in truth?
2317
02:25:57,333 --> 02:26:01,291
If it's truth, where's the disclosure?
Where's the witness list?
2318
02:26:01,333 --> 02:26:04,166
Mr. Garrison, this isn't a trial,
as you are well aware.
2319
02:26:04,208 --> 02:26:08,041
Evidentiary rules do not apply.
We are dealing with national security.
2320
02:26:08,166 --> 02:26:09,375
Yes, sir, with all due respect,
2321
02:26:09,416 --> 02:26:13,625
I fail to see how national security
prevents the prosecution from
2322
02:26:13,666 --> 02:26:15,833
providing us with a list of witnesses!
-Perhaps we are in need
2323
02:26:15,875 --> 02:26:18,166
of a brief recess.
-Gentlemen. You have my words.
2324
02:26:18,208 --> 02:26:21,041
If you say they're from
a transcript, then I'll accept it.
2325
02:26:21,083 --> 02:26:23,791
I've already explained
I made up a cock-and-bull story.
2326
02:26:23,958 --> 02:26:27,000
And why would anyone make up
such an elaborate story?
2327
02:26:27,041 --> 02:26:28,250
Because I was an idiot.
2328
02:26:29,500 --> 02:26:30,501
Why lie?
2329
02:26:30,666 --> 02:26:34,822
Well, clearly with the intention of not
revealing who the intermediary was.
2330
02:26:34,958 --> 02:26:37,291
Your friend, Haakon Chevalier,
the communist.
2331
02:26:37,916 --> 02:26:38,920
Is he still your friend?
2332
02:26:39,833 --> 02:26:40,843
Yes.
2333
02:26:44,250 --> 02:26:45,958
Dr. Rabi, thank you for coming.
2334
02:26:46,369 --> 02:26:48,166
You know who else the
prosecution has called?
2335
02:26:48,416 --> 02:26:52,416
Teller, obviously.
They've asked Lawrence.
2336
02:26:52,833 --> 02:26:55,083
What did he say?
-He wasn't going to help them,
2337
02:26:55,750 --> 02:26:56,833
but...
-But?
2338
02:26:57,697 --> 02:27:01,958
Strauss told him that you and Ruth Tolman
had been having an affair for years.
2339
02:27:02,291 --> 02:27:04,125
The whole time you lived
with them in Pasadena.
2340
02:27:05,000 --> 02:27:08,125
He convinced Lawrence that
Richard died of a broken heart.
2341
02:27:08,166 --> 02:27:10,036
That's absurd.
-What part?
2342
02:27:10,125 --> 02:27:13,166
A broken heart.
Richard never found out.
2343
02:27:14,375 --> 02:27:15,583
Is Lawrence gonna testify?
2344
02:27:16,166 --> 02:27:17,169
I don't know.
2345
02:27:18,041 --> 02:27:22,125
Dr. Rabi, what governmental
positions do you currently hold?
2346
02:27:22,666 --> 02:27:25,583
I am the chairman of the
general advisory committee
2347
02:27:25,625 --> 02:27:27,916
to the AEC, succeeding
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2348
02:27:28,500 --> 02:27:30,416
And how long have you
known Dr. Oppenheimer?
2349
02:27:31,416 --> 02:27:35,250
Since 1928. I... I know him quite well.
2350
02:27:35,578 --> 02:27:39,125
Well enough to speak to the bearing
of his loyalty and character?
2351
02:27:39,812 --> 02:27:43,041
Dr. Oppenheimer is a man
of upstanding character.
2352
02:27:43,916 --> 02:27:47,333
And he is loyal to the
United States, to his friends,
2353
02:27:47,791 --> 02:27:49,666
to the institutions of which he is part.
2354
02:27:51,791 --> 02:27:52,791
Eat.
2355
02:28:12,208 --> 02:28:13,208
Who was that?
2356
02:28:13,416 --> 02:28:14,416
Nothing to worry about.
2357
02:28:18,083 --> 02:28:19,583
After the Russian A-bomb test,
2358
02:28:19,625 --> 02:28:22,041
did Dr. Lawrence come to see you
about the hydrogen bomb?
2359
02:28:22,300 --> 02:28:23,833
You'd be better off asking him.
2360
02:28:24,125 --> 02:28:25,166
Well, I fully intend to.
2361
02:28:26,338 --> 02:28:29,958
Would you say that Dr. Oppenheimer
was unalterably opposed to the H-bomb?
2362
02:28:30,333 --> 02:28:33,333
No, he, he thought that a fusion program
2363
02:28:33,375 --> 02:28:36,166
would come at the expense
of our awfully good fission program.
2364
02:28:36,250 --> 02:28:37,833
But that proved not to be the case.
2365
02:28:38,375 --> 02:28:39,833
In the event, both could be done.
2366
02:28:40,333 --> 02:28:42,958
Suppose that this board
did not feel satisfied
2367
02:28:43,000 --> 02:28:46,451
that in his testimony here
Dr. Oppenheimer had been wholly truthful,
2368
02:28:47,166 --> 02:28:49,041
what would you say whether
or not he should be cleared?
2369
02:28:49,333 --> 02:28:51,583
Why go through all this against a man
2370
02:28:51,625 --> 02:28:53,708
who has accomplished
what Dr. Oppenheimer has?
2371
02:28:53,750 --> 02:28:54,833
Look at his record.
2372
02:28:55,500 --> 02:28:57,750
We have an A-bomb,
and a whole series of it.
2373
02:28:57,875 --> 02:29:00,416
We have a whole series of Super bombs.
What more do you want?
2374
02:29:01,420 --> 02:29:02,420
Mermaids?
2375
02:29:03,041 --> 02:29:05,875
But I've known Secretary
Strauss for many years.
2376
02:29:06,232 --> 02:29:09,375
And I feel it a necessity
to express the warm support
2377
02:29:09,924 --> 02:29:12,291
for science and scientists
Lewis has shown.
2378
02:29:12,541 --> 02:29:13,542
We'll break now.
2379
02:29:13,958 --> 02:29:17,916
Unless there's any immediate business.
-Senator, I'd like to once again request
2380
02:29:18,416 --> 02:29:21,000
that we're furnished
with a list of witnesses.
2381
02:29:21,166 --> 02:29:22,708
And I will remind the nominee
2382
02:29:22,750 --> 02:29:25,439
that we don't always have
that information in advance.
2383
02:29:25,708 --> 02:29:28,083
We do know that Dr. Hill
will be here after lunch.
2384
02:29:28,596 --> 02:29:31,458
Mr. Chairman, our next
scheduled witness, Dr. Lawrence,
2385
02:29:31,541 --> 02:29:34,250
has apparently come down with colitis.
2386
02:29:37,625 --> 02:29:39,862
So we'll proceed with
William Borden instead.
2387
02:29:40,916 --> 02:29:43,250
Mr. Borden, welcome. Please take a seat.
2388
02:29:45,083 --> 02:29:46,085
Mr. Borden,
2389
02:29:47,421 --> 02:29:50,041
during your investigation
into Dr. Oppenheimer,
2390
02:29:50,083 --> 02:29:51,750
did you reach certain conclusions?
2391
02:29:52,333 --> 02:29:54,083
I did.
-And did there come a time
2392
02:29:54,125 --> 02:29:57,291
when you expressed those conclusions
in a letter to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover,
2393
02:29:57,458 --> 02:30:00,250
of the Federal Bureau of Investigation?
-That is correct.
2394
02:30:00,291 --> 02:30:02,916
Prior to the writing of the letter,
did you discuss the writing of the letter
2395
02:30:02,958 --> 02:30:05,166
with anybody attached to the
Atomic Energy Commission?
2396
02:30:05,708 --> 02:30:06,833
I did not. -Excellent.
2397
02:30:06,875 --> 02:30:08,791
Do you have a copy of the letter?
-I have one in front of me.
2398
02:30:08,866 --> 02:30:11,000
Would you please be
so kind as to read it, sir?
2399
02:30:12,291 --> 02:30:14,708
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
the purpose of this letter
2400
02:30:14,750 --> 02:30:17,083
"is to state..."
-I'm sorry, I'm sorry, if I could have...
2401
02:30:17,708 --> 02:30:20,458
What is the purpose of the delay?
He's simply going to read the letter.
2402
02:30:21,708 --> 02:30:24,000
Mr. Chairman, this is the first
I've seen of this letter.
2403
02:30:24,458 --> 02:30:27,373
And I see statements here, at least one,
2404
02:30:27,397 --> 02:30:29,833
of a kind that I don't think anyone
would like to see go into the record.
2405
02:30:29,875 --> 02:30:32,291
These are accusations that
have not previously been made,
2406
02:30:32,583 --> 02:30:34,416
that are not part of the
indictment from Nichols.
2407
02:30:34,458 --> 02:30:37,000
Accusations of a kind that
I don't think belong here.
2408
02:30:37,041 --> 02:30:39,166
The witness wrote this letter
on his own initiative,
2409
02:30:39,208 --> 02:30:41,458
laying out evidence that has
already been before the board.
2410
02:30:41,666 --> 02:30:43,291
His conclusions are valid testimony,
2411
02:30:43,333 --> 02:30:46,583
just like the positive conclusions
of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer.
2412
02:30:46,625 --> 02:30:47,750
It cuts both ways.
2413
02:30:48,250 --> 02:30:50,500
How long has counsel been
in possession of this letter?
2414
02:30:50,656 --> 02:30:54,083
I don't think I should be subject to
cross-examination by you, Mr. Garrison.
2415
02:30:54,125 --> 02:30:57,250
Mr. Garrison, given that we
on the board have all read the letter,
2416
02:30:57,291 --> 02:30:58,958
wouldn't it be better
to have it in the record?
2417
02:31:00,416 --> 02:31:01,417
Let's proceed.
2418
02:31:03,541 --> 02:31:04,583
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
2419
02:31:05,541 --> 02:31:07,958
"the purpose of this letter
is to state my opinion,
2420
02:31:08,348 --> 02:31:11,801
"based upon years of study
of the available classified evidence,
2421
02:31:12,625 --> 02:31:14,291
"that, more probably than not,
2422
02:31:14,708 --> 02:31:18,666
"J. Robert Oppenheimer
is an agent of the Soviet Union.
2423
02:31:19,527 --> 02:31:21,666
"The following
conclusions are justified.
2424
02:31:22,083 --> 02:31:26,458
"One, between 1929 and 1942,
more probably than not,
2425
02:31:26,606 --> 02:31:30,125
"J. Robert Oppenheimer was
a sufficiently hardened communist
2426
02:31:30,333 --> 02:31:32,583
"that he volunteered
information to the Soviets.
2427
02:31:33,000 --> 02:31:35,208
"Two, more probably than not,
2428
02:31:35,250 --> 02:31:38,666
"he has since been functioning
as an espionage agent.
2429
02:31:39,625 --> 02:31:40,609
"Three.
2430
02:31:40,916 --> 02:31:44,875
"More probably than not, he has
since acted under a Soviet directive
2431
02:31:44,916 --> 02:31:47,708
"in influencing
United States military policy."
2432
02:31:47,759 --> 02:31:50,041
I'm sorry, Robert.
-"Atomic energy, intelligence and..."
2433
02:31:50,166 --> 02:31:54,541
Is anyone ever going to tell the truth
about what's happening here?
2434
02:31:55,000 --> 02:31:57,791
We will now hear from Dr. David Hill.
2435
02:32:08,166 --> 02:32:11,000
Dr. Hill, would you care
to make a statement?
2436
02:32:13,250 --> 02:32:14,264
Thank you.
2437
02:32:14,521 --> 02:32:18,208
I've been asked to testify
about Lewis Strauss,
2438
02:32:18,500 --> 02:32:23,375
a man who has given years of service
in high positions of government,
2439
02:32:23,541 --> 02:32:28,041
and who is known to be earnest,
hard-working, and intelligent.
2440
02:32:29,750 --> 02:32:31,541
The views I have to express are my own,
2441
02:32:32,208 --> 02:32:35,458
but I believe that much I have
to say will help to indicate why
2442
02:32:36,625 --> 02:32:40,500
most of the scientists in this country
would prefer to see Mr. Strauss
2443
02:32:41,524 --> 02:32:43,375
completely out of government.
2444
02:32:45,360 --> 02:32:49,458
You're referring to the hostility
of certain scientists,
2445
02:32:49,583 --> 02:32:53,333
directed toward Mr. Strauss,
because of his commitment to security,
2446
02:32:53,375 --> 02:32:55,916
as demonstrated in the Oppenheimer affair?
2447
02:32:58,916 --> 02:32:59,932
No.
2448
02:33:00,166 --> 02:33:04,958
Because of the personal vindictiveness
he demonstrated against Dr. Oppenheimer.
2449
02:33:07,000 --> 02:33:09,791
Order! Order!
2450
02:33:10,208 --> 02:33:13,416
It appears to most scientists
around this country
2451
02:33:14,892 --> 02:33:17,833
that Robert Oppenheimer
is now being pilloried,
2452
02:33:17,875 --> 02:33:21,916
and put through an ordeal, because
he expressed his honest opinions.
2453
02:33:22,666 --> 02:33:25,833
Dr. Bush, I thought I was
performing a service to my country
2454
02:33:25,875 --> 02:33:29,208
when hearing this case.
-No board, in this country,
2455
02:33:29,750 --> 02:33:33,541
should sit in judgment of a man
because he expressed his strong opinions.
2456
02:33:33,875 --> 02:33:36,166
If you want to try that case,
you should try me.
2457
02:33:37,166 --> 02:33:39,791
Excuse me, gentlemen,
if I've... become stirred.
2458
02:33:41,041 --> 02:33:42,039
But I am.
2459
02:33:42,427 --> 02:33:46,500
Dr. Hill, we've already heard that
Mr. Strauss did not bring the charges,
2460
02:33:46,541 --> 02:33:49,541
or participate in the hearings
against Dr. Oppenheimer.
2461
02:33:49,583 --> 02:33:51,291
The Oppenheimer matter was...
2462
02:33:52,166 --> 02:33:56,833
initiated, and carried through, largely
through the animus of Lewis Strauss.
2463
02:33:58,375 --> 02:34:01,246
Oppenheimer made mincemeat
out of Strauss's position
2464
02:34:01,293 --> 02:34:03,390
on the shipments
of isotopes to Norway,
2465
02:34:03,453 --> 02:34:06,625
and Strauss never forgave him
this public humiliation.
2466
02:34:07,541 --> 02:34:10,958
Another controversy between them centered
around their differences in judgment
2467
02:34:11,000 --> 02:34:13,944
on how the H-bomb would
contribute to national security.
2468
02:34:14,233 --> 02:34:17,500
Strauss turned to the personnel
security system in order to
2469
02:34:17,750 --> 02:34:20,125
destroy Oppenheimer's effectiveness,
2470
02:34:20,250 --> 02:34:23,041
and Strauss was able
to find a few ambitious men
2471
02:34:23,500 --> 02:34:27,125
who also disagreed with Oppenheimer's
positions and envied him
2472
02:34:27,250 --> 02:34:29,250
his prestige in government circles.
2473
02:34:29,625 --> 02:34:33,500
I've always assumed, and still assume,
that he is loyal to the United States.
2474
02:34:34,291 --> 02:34:36,013
I believe this, and I shall believe it,
2475
02:34:36,037 --> 02:34:38,249
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
2476
02:34:38,875 --> 02:34:42,583
Do you or do you not believe that
Dr. Oppenheimer is a security risk?
2477
02:34:46,500 --> 02:34:49,877
In a great number of cases, I have
seen Dr. Oppenheimer act in a way
2478
02:34:49,937 --> 02:34:52,958
which was, to me, exceedingly
hard to understand.
2479
02:34:53,319 --> 02:34:55,639
I thoroughly disagreed with
him in numerous issues,
2480
02:34:55,875 --> 02:34:59,166
and his actions frankly appeared to me
confused and complicated.
2481
02:34:59,250 --> 02:35:03,897
To this extent, I feel I want to see
the vital interests of this country
2482
02:35:04,208 --> 02:35:07,875
in hands which I understand better,
and therefore trust more.
2483
02:35:09,083 --> 02:35:10,358
Thank you, Doctor.
-Thank you.
2484
02:35:14,611 --> 02:35:15,626
I'm sorry.
2485
02:35:18,416 --> 02:35:20,333
You shook his fucking hand!?
2486
02:35:21,625 --> 02:35:23,500
Oh, I would have spit in his face.
2487
02:35:23,541 --> 02:35:25,635
I'm not sure the Board
would have appreciated that.
2488
02:35:25,750 --> 02:35:27,291
Is it not gentlemanly enough for you?
2489
02:35:27,333 --> 02:35:30,166
Well, I think you're all
being too goddamn gentlemanly.
2490
02:35:30,236 --> 02:35:34,041
Gray must see what Robb is doing.
Why doesn't he just shut him down?
2491
02:35:34,314 --> 02:35:36,375
And you, shaking Teller's hand.
2492
02:35:36,635 --> 02:35:39,666
You need to stop playing the martyr.
2493
02:35:40,875 --> 02:35:45,228
Under the current AEC guidelines,
would you clear Dr. Oppenheimer today?
2494
02:35:51,625 --> 02:35:56,208
Under my interpretation
of the Atomic Energy Act,
2495
02:35:56,250 --> 02:36:00,625
which did not exist when I hired
Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942,
2496
02:36:02,166 --> 02:36:07,250
I would not clear him today
if I were on the commission.
2497
02:36:07,875 --> 02:36:09,235
Good. Thank you, General. That is all.
2498
02:36:09,305 --> 02:36:11,125
But I don't think I'd clear
any of those guys.
2499
02:36:11,922 --> 02:36:12,918
That's all.
2500
02:36:16,000 --> 02:36:18,766
Dr. Oppenheimer had no
responsibility in the selection
2501
02:36:18,813 --> 02:36:20,703
or the clearance of Klaus Fuchs, did he?
2502
02:36:20,875 --> 02:36:21,958
No. None at all.
2503
02:36:22,250 --> 02:36:25,583
And you wouldn't want to leave this
board with any suggestion today that
2504
02:36:25,757 --> 02:36:28,545
you're here questioning his
basic loyalty to the United States
2505
02:36:28,569 --> 02:36:30,047
in the operation of Los Alamos?
2506
02:36:30,500 --> 02:36:34,459
By no means. I hope I didn't lead anyone
to believe otherwise for an instant.
2507
02:36:35,833 --> 02:36:36,843
Thank you, General.
2508
02:36:54,500 --> 02:36:57,416
Okay. We shouldn't keep them waiting.
-She'll be here.
2509
02:36:58,250 --> 02:36:59,916
Do you even want her here?
2510
02:37:00,125 --> 02:37:02,583
Only a fool or an adolescent presumes
2511
02:37:02,625 --> 02:37:06,125
to know someone else's relationship,
and you're neither, Lloyd.
2512
02:37:08,916 --> 02:37:11,416
Kitty and I are grown-ups.
2513
02:37:12,708 --> 02:37:14,291
We've walked through fire together.
2514
02:37:15,291 --> 02:37:16,291
She'll do fine.
2515
02:37:17,666 --> 02:37:21,284
Would you describe your views
on communism as pro, anti, neutral?
2516
02:37:21,583 --> 02:37:22,708
Very strongly against.
2517
02:37:22,750 --> 02:37:25,375
I've had nothing to do with
communism in, since...
2518
02:37:25,750 --> 02:37:27,458
since 1936. Since...
2519
02:37:28,708 --> 02:37:30,125
Since before I met Robert.
2520
02:37:32,237 --> 02:37:33,253
That's all.
2521
02:37:34,500 --> 02:37:37,208
The record demonstrates that
Oppenheimer was not interrogated
2522
02:37:37,250 --> 02:37:40,263
by impartial and disinterested
counsel for the Gray Board.
2523
02:37:40,583 --> 02:37:42,855
He was interrogated
by a prosecutor who used
2524
02:37:42,880 --> 02:37:45,416
all the tricks of a rather
ingenious legal background.
2525
02:37:45,512 --> 02:37:49,750
You are charging now that the
Gray Board permitted a prosecution.
2526
02:37:50,458 --> 02:37:51,625
If I were on the Gray Board,
2527
02:37:52,541 --> 02:37:54,625
I would have protested against the tactics
2528
02:37:54,666 --> 02:37:57,458
of the man who served in fact
as the prosecuting counsel.
2529
02:37:57,541 --> 02:37:59,208
A man appointed not by the Board,
2530
02:38:00,599 --> 02:38:02,158
but by Lewis Strauss.
2531
02:38:04,750 --> 02:38:05,751
Who was this?
2532
02:38:07,333 --> 02:38:08,345
I'm sorry?
2533
02:38:09,083 --> 02:38:10,083
Who was this?
2534
02:38:10,625 --> 02:38:11,625
Roger Robb.
2535
02:38:12,291 --> 02:38:13,416
Mrs. Oppenheimer.
2536
02:38:18,237 --> 02:38:20,208
Did you have a Communist Party
membership card?
2537
02:38:22,125 --> 02:38:24,299
I'm... I'm not sure.
2538
02:38:24,370 --> 02:38:25,542
Not sure?
2539
02:38:28,333 --> 02:38:29,323
Well...
2540
02:38:33,000 --> 02:38:34,008
Well?
2541
02:38:42,750 --> 02:38:45,333
I mean, presumably,
the act of joining the party
2542
02:38:45,750 --> 02:38:48,708
required sending some money
and receiving a card, no?
2543
02:38:59,041 --> 02:39:00,043
Sorry.
2544
02:39:01,166 --> 02:39:02,180
Yes.
2545
02:39:04,666 --> 02:39:08,125
It's just, it was all so very long ago,
Mr. Robb, wasn't it?
2546
02:39:08,150 --> 02:39:09,697
Not really.
-Long enough to have forgotten.
2547
02:39:09,736 --> 02:39:12,833
Did you return the card, or rip it up?
-The card whose existence I've forgotten?
2548
02:39:12,875 --> 02:39:15,708
Your Communist Party membership card?
-Haven't the slightest idea.
2549
02:39:19,041 --> 02:39:22,875
Can a distinction be made between
Soviet communism and communism?
2550
02:39:23,541 --> 02:39:24,791
Well, in the days when I was a member,
2551
02:39:24,833 --> 02:39:26,750
I thought they were definitely two things.
-Oh?
2552
02:39:26,833 --> 02:39:29,583
I thought that the Communist
Party of the United States
2553
02:39:29,625 --> 02:39:33,208
was concerned with our domestic problems.
I now no longer believe this.
2554
02:39:33,333 --> 02:39:35,791
I believe the whole thing's linked
together and spread all over the world,
2555
02:39:35,833 --> 02:39:39,708
and I have believed this since
I left the party 16 years ago.
2556
02:39:39,833 --> 02:39:42,208
But...
-17 years ago. My mistake.
2557
02:39:42,708 --> 02:39:44,629
But you...
-Sorry, 18.
2558
02:39:45,378 --> 02:39:46,730
18 years ago.
2559
02:39:48,250 --> 02:39:50,875
Are you familiar with the fact your
husband was making contributions
2560
02:39:50,916 --> 02:39:53,541
to the Spanish Civil War as late as 1942?
2561
02:39:53,583 --> 02:39:55,750
I knew that Robert
gave money from time to time.
2562
02:39:55,791 --> 02:39:58,416
Did you know this money was going
into Communist Party channels?
2563
02:39:58,500 --> 02:40:00,375
Don't you mean through?
-Pardon?
2564
02:40:00,416 --> 02:40:03,250
I think you mean through
Communist Party channels, don't you?
2565
02:40:03,666 --> 02:40:04,650
Yes.
-Yes?
2566
02:40:04,826 --> 02:40:06,666
Yes.
-Yes.
2567
02:40:06,750 --> 02:40:09,976
Then would it be fair to say
that this meant that by 1942,
2568
02:40:10,007 --> 02:40:12,791
your husband had not stopped having
anything to do with the Communist Party?
2569
02:40:14,208 --> 02:40:16,875
You don't have to answer that yes or no,
you can answer that any way you wish.
2570
02:40:17,000 --> 02:40:19,791
I know that, thank you.
It's your question.
2571
02:40:20,735 --> 02:40:22,041
It's not properly phrased.
2572
02:40:22,083 --> 02:40:23,849
Do you understand what I'm getting at?
-I do.
2573
02:40:23,874 --> 02:40:26,372
Then why don't you answer it that way?
-Because I don't like your phrase,
2574
02:40:26,875 --> 02:40:28,666
"having anything to do
with the Communist Party,"
2575
02:40:28,708 --> 02:40:31,708
because Robert never had anything to do
with the Communist Party as such.
2576
02:40:32,041 --> 02:40:34,333
I know he gave money
to Spanish refugees.
2577
02:40:34,500 --> 02:40:37,625
I know he took an intellectual
interest in communist ideas.
2578
02:40:37,666 --> 02:40:39,167
Are there two types of communists?
2579
02:40:39,541 --> 02:40:41,958
Intellectual communists,
and your plain old regular commie?
2580
02:40:43,500 --> 02:40:45,071
Well, I couldn't answer that one.
2581
02:40:46,333 --> 02:40:47,320
I couldn't either.
2582
02:40:54,625 --> 02:40:55,609
Good evening.
2583
02:40:55,958 --> 02:40:57,291
Robert, you can't win this thing.
2584
02:40:57,500 --> 02:40:59,750
It's a kangaroo court with
a predetermined outcome.
2585
02:40:59,791 --> 02:41:01,125
Why put yourself through more of it?
2586
02:41:02,166 --> 02:41:03,500
I have my reasons.
2587
02:41:05,208 --> 02:41:06,209
Alright.
2588
02:41:06,750 --> 02:41:07,770
Good night.
2589
02:41:12,458 --> 02:41:13,541
He has a point.
2590
02:41:15,083 --> 02:41:17,375
I'm not sure you understand, Albert.
-No?
2591
02:41:18,571 --> 02:41:20,833
I left my country, never to return.
2592
02:41:22,098 --> 02:41:23,708
You served your country well.
2593
02:41:24,541 --> 02:41:26,916
If this is the reward
she offers you, then...
2594
02:41:28,105 --> 02:41:30,125
perhaps you should
turn your back on her.
2595
02:41:31,458 --> 02:41:33,208
Damn it, I happen to love this country.
2596
02:41:34,291 --> 02:41:36,000
Then tell them to go to hell.
2597
02:41:36,875 --> 02:41:40,416
Interestingly enough, this is
no longer a confirmation hearing.
2598
02:41:40,720 --> 02:41:42,083
It's now a trial...
2599
02:41:42,716 --> 02:41:43,916
about a trial!
2600
02:41:44,125 --> 02:41:45,124
For god's sakes!
2601
02:41:45,541 --> 02:41:48,250
It's not good he's telling everyone
you initiated the hearings.
2602
02:41:48,291 --> 02:41:50,375
He can't prove a goddamn thing.
2603
02:41:50,416 --> 02:41:53,875
He certainly can't prove
that I gave the file to Borden.
2604
02:41:53,958 --> 02:41:56,500
We're not in court, sir.
There's no burden of proof.
2605
02:41:57,125 --> 02:41:58,583
Right, they're not convicting.
2606
02:41:59,916 --> 02:42:01,166
They're just denying.
2607
02:42:01,791 --> 02:42:04,583
Why would Hill come here
to tear me down? What's his angle?
2608
02:42:04,749 --> 02:42:06,708
Do people need a reason
to do the right thing?
2609
02:42:07,250 --> 02:42:09,333
As he sees it.
-I told you.
2610
02:42:09,458 --> 02:42:11,870
Oppenheimer's been poisoning
the scientists against me
2611
02:42:11,894 --> 02:42:13,500
right from that first meeting.
2612
02:42:13,666 --> 02:42:16,413
I don't know what Oppenheimer
said to him that day,
2613
02:42:16,468 --> 02:42:19,186
but Einstein wouldn't even meet my eye.
2614
02:42:21,083 --> 02:42:23,000
Oppenheimer knows
how to manipulate his own.
2615
02:42:23,625 --> 02:42:24,666
At Los Alamos,
2616
02:42:25,208 --> 02:42:27,500
he preyed on the naivete of scientists
2617
02:42:27,541 --> 02:42:29,666
who thought they get a say
in how we use their work.
2618
02:42:29,958 --> 02:42:32,125
They'll never think he was
that naive himself.
2619
02:42:32,833 --> 02:42:35,958
Doctor, during your work
on the hydrogen bomb,
2620
02:42:36,232 --> 02:42:38,833
were you... deterred
by any moral qualms?
2621
02:42:39,816 --> 02:42:40,833
Yes, of course.
2622
02:42:41,291 --> 02:42:43,040
But you still got on with
your work, didn't you?
2623
02:42:43,107 --> 02:42:45,166
Yes, because this was work of exploration,
2624
02:42:45,208 --> 02:42:47,250
it was not the preparation of a weapon.
2625
02:42:47,541 --> 02:42:49,463
You mean it was more
of an academic excursion?
2626
02:42:49,510 --> 02:42:52,833
No, it is not an academic thing,
whether you can build a hydrogen bomb.
2627
02:42:52,875 --> 02:42:54,083
It's a matter of life and death.
2628
02:42:54,125 --> 02:42:56,375
By 1942, you were actively
pushing the development
2629
02:42:56,416 --> 02:42:57,416
of the hydrogen bomb, weren't you?
2630
02:42:57,458 --> 02:42:58,750
Pushing is not the right word.
2631
02:42:58,833 --> 02:43:00,708
Supporting it and working on it, yes.
2632
02:43:00,750 --> 02:43:03,083
So when did these moral
qualms become so strong
2633
02:43:03,145 --> 02:43:06,291
that you actively opposed the
development of the hydrogen bomb?
2634
02:43:06,458 --> 02:43:09,125
When it was suggested that it be
the policy of the United States
2635
02:43:09,166 --> 02:43:10,791
to make these things at all costs,
2636
02:43:10,833 --> 02:43:13,125
without regard to the balance
between these weapons
2637
02:43:13,291 --> 02:43:15,416
and atomic weapons as part of our arsenal.
2638
02:43:17,166 --> 02:43:19,223
What do moral qualms have to do with that?
2639
02:43:20,625 --> 02:43:22,583
What do moral qualms have to do with it?
-Yes.
2640
02:43:22,666 --> 02:43:25,000
Oppenheimer wanted to own the atomic bomb.
2641
02:43:25,041 --> 02:43:26,875
He wanted to be
The Man Who Moved the Earth.
2642
02:43:26,916 --> 02:43:31,150
He talks about putting the
nuclear genie back in the bottle.
2643
02:43:31,458 --> 02:43:33,408
Well, I'm here to tell you that I know,
2644
02:43:33,916 --> 02:43:38,250
J. Robert Oppenheimer, if he could
do it all over, he'd do it all the same.
2645
02:43:38,455 --> 02:43:41,833
You know he's never once
said that he regrets Hiroshima?
2646
02:43:42,125 --> 02:43:44,166
He'd do it all over. Why?
2647
02:43:44,836 --> 02:43:49,000
Because it made him the most
important man who ever lived.
2648
02:43:49,812 --> 02:43:52,664
We freely used the atomic bomb.
2649
02:43:52,708 --> 02:43:54,916
In fact, Doctor, you assisted
in selecting the target
2650
02:43:54,958 --> 02:43:56,791
to drop the atomic bomb
on Japan, didn't you?
2651
02:43:57,500 --> 02:43:59,027
Yes...
-Well then, you knew, did you not,
2652
02:43:59,051 --> 02:44:01,500
that by dropping that atomic bomb
on the target you selected,
2653
02:44:01,541 --> 02:44:04,166
that thousands of civilians would be
killed or injured. Is that correct?
2654
02:44:04,750 --> 02:44:06,735
Yes, not as many as turned out.
2655
02:44:06,766 --> 02:44:09,000
Oh. Then how many were killed or injured?
2656
02:44:09,625 --> 02:44:12,078
70,000.
-70,000, both Hiroshima and...
2657
02:44:12,123 --> 02:44:14,958
110,000 to both.
-On the day of each bombing?
2658
02:44:16,625 --> 02:44:17,687
Yes.
-Yes.
2659
02:44:17,790 --> 02:44:19,123
And in the weeks and years that followed?
2660
02:44:19,226 --> 02:44:22,375
It has been put at somewhere
between 50,000 and 100,000.
2661
02:44:22,412 --> 02:44:24,041
220,000 dead, at least.
2662
02:44:24,123 --> 02:44:26,083
Yes.
-Any moral scruples about that?
2663
02:44:28,125 --> 02:44:29,132
Terrible ones.
2664
02:44:29,166 --> 02:44:32,833
But yet you testified in here that the
bombing of Hiroshima was very successful.
2665
02:44:33,290 --> 02:44:36,205
Technically successful.
-Oh! Technically it was very successful.
2666
02:44:36,265 --> 02:44:38,625
And it is also alleged
to have helped to end the war.
2667
02:44:38,666 --> 02:44:41,583
Would you have been supportive of the
dropping of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima?
2668
02:44:42,000 --> 02:44:43,375
That would make no sense at all.
2669
02:44:43,541 --> 02:44:46,201
Why?
-The target is too small.
2670
02:44:46,256 --> 02:44:48,245
Well, supposing there
had been a target in Japan
2671
02:44:48,269 --> 02:44:50,030
big enough for a thermonuclear weapon,
2672
02:44:50,069 --> 02:44:51,541
would you have been opposed
to the dropping of it?
2673
02:44:51,583 --> 02:44:53,539
This was not a problem
with which I was confronted.
2674
02:44:53,541 --> 02:44:55,166
Well, I'm confronting
you with it now, sir.
2675
02:44:55,291 --> 02:44:56,583
It was all part of his plan.
2676
02:44:56,791 --> 02:45:00,666
He wanted the glorious,
insincere guilt of the self-important
2677
02:45:00,708 --> 02:45:03,083
to wear like a fucking crown and say,
2678
02:45:03,125 --> 02:45:08,125
"No, we cannot go down this road,"
even as he knew we'd have to.
2679
02:45:08,458 --> 02:45:11,259
Would you have been opposed
to the dropping of a thermonuclear weapon
2680
02:45:11,283 --> 02:45:13,988
on Japan because of moral scruples?
-Yes, I believe I would, sir.
2681
02:45:14,081 --> 02:45:16,375
Did you oppose the dropping
of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima
2682
02:45:16,416 --> 02:45:17,497
because of moral scruples?
2683
02:45:17,598 --> 02:45:19,958
We set forth our...
-No, you, you, you, you!
2684
02:45:20,000 --> 02:45:21,041
I'm asking you...
-I set...
2685
02:45:21,083 --> 02:45:23,458
You, you, you!
-I set forth our arguments
2686
02:45:23,500 --> 02:45:25,504
against dropping it,
but I did not endorse them.
2687
02:45:25,750 --> 02:45:28,750
You mean after working night and day
for three years building the bomb,
2688
02:45:28,916 --> 02:45:30,801
you then argued against the use of it?
2689
02:45:31,166 --> 02:45:34,875
I was asked by the Secretary of War
what the views of scientists were.
2690
02:45:34,916 --> 02:45:37,375
I gave them the views against
and the views for.
2691
02:45:37,416 --> 02:45:39,333
You supported the dropping
of the atom bomb
2692
02:45:39,375 --> 02:45:40,583
on Japan, didn't you?
-What do you mean...
2693
02:45:40,625 --> 02:45:42,214
You supported it...
-What do you mean, support?
2694
02:45:42,291 --> 02:45:43,841
Well, you helped pick
the target, didn't you?
2695
02:45:43,872 --> 02:45:47,291
I did my job. I was not in a
policy-making position at Los Alamos.
2696
02:45:47,375 --> 02:45:49,332
I would have done anything
I was asked to do.
2697
02:45:49,380 --> 02:45:51,708
Well, then, you would have built
the H-bomb too, wouldn't you?
2698
02:45:51,750 --> 02:45:54,014
But I couldn't...
-I didn't ask you that, Doctor!
2699
02:45:54,208 --> 02:45:58,458
And the GAC report, which you co-authored
after the Soviet atomic test said:
2700
02:45:58,500 --> 02:46:01,541
"A Super bomb should never be built!"
2701
02:46:01,583 --> 02:46:02,816
What we meant, what I meant...
2702
02:46:02,958 --> 02:46:04,458
What you, who?
-Look, what I meant...
2703
02:46:04,500 --> 02:46:05,519
Who?
2704
02:46:06,666 --> 02:46:09,500
Well, wouldn't the Russians do anything
to increase their strength?
2705
02:46:10,375 --> 02:46:12,416
If we did it, they would have to do it!
2706
02:46:12,458 --> 02:46:14,541
Our efforts would only fuel their efforts,
2707
02:46:14,583 --> 02:46:16,500
just as it had with the atomic bomb!
2708
02:46:16,750 --> 02:46:19,166
Just as it had with the
atomic bomb, exactly!
2709
02:46:20,500 --> 02:46:24,458
No moral scruples in 1945, plenty in 1949.
2710
02:46:28,958 --> 02:46:29,985
Dr. Oppenheimer...
2711
02:46:32,416 --> 02:46:36,791
when did your strong moral convictions
develop with respect to the hydrogen bomb?
2712
02:46:44,875 --> 02:46:46,333
When it became clear to me
2713
02:46:48,000 --> 02:46:50,833
that we would tend
to use any weapon we had.
2714
02:46:54,241 --> 02:46:58,875
J. Robert Oppenheimer the martyr,
I gave him exactly what he wanted.
2715
02:46:59,666 --> 02:47:01,147
To be remembered for Trinity,
2716
02:47:01,298 --> 02:47:03,083
not Hiroshima!
2717
02:47:03,958 --> 02:47:05,958
Not Nagasaki!
2718
02:47:09,083 --> 02:47:10,583
He should be thanking me.
2719
02:47:11,916 --> 02:47:12,917
Well, he's not.
2720
02:47:16,500 --> 02:47:17,875
Do we still have enough votes?
2721
02:47:18,166 --> 02:47:19,981
Or is the crowning moment of my career
2722
02:47:20,005 --> 02:47:22,958
about to become the most
public humiliation of my life?
2723
02:47:23,984 --> 02:47:25,416
Full Senate's about to vote.
2724
02:47:26,625 --> 02:47:27,605
You'll scrape through.
2725
02:47:27,662 --> 02:47:29,458
Great, then gather the fucking press.
2726
02:47:29,541 --> 02:47:32,170
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, this board,
2727
02:47:32,333 --> 02:47:34,375
having heard testimony from you
2728
02:47:34,416 --> 02:47:37,248
and many of your current
and former colleagues,
2729
02:47:37,750 --> 02:47:41,583
has come to the unanimous conclusion
that you are a loyal citizen.
2730
02:47:44,208 --> 02:47:45,222
However...
2731
02:47:46,041 --> 02:47:49,375
In the light of your
continuing associations,
2732
02:47:49,416 --> 02:47:52,541
and disregard for the security
apparatus of this country,
2733
02:47:53,000 --> 02:47:56,291
together with your
somewhat disturbing conduct
2734
02:47:56,375 --> 02:47:58,041
on the hydrogen bomb program,
2735
02:47:58,708 --> 02:48:00,125
and the regrettable lack of candor
2736
02:48:00,166 --> 02:48:02,166
in certain of your
responses to this board,
2737
02:48:03,208 --> 02:48:04,875
we have voted, two-to-one,
2738
02:48:06,041 --> 02:48:09,083
to deny the renewal
of your security clearance.
2739
02:48:09,208 --> 02:48:12,244
A full written opinion,
with a dissent from Mr. Evans,
2740
02:48:12,708 --> 02:48:15,250
will be issued to the AEC
in the coming days.
2741
02:48:15,791 --> 02:48:16,791
That is all.
2742
02:48:27,751 --> 02:48:28,751
Robert.
2743
02:48:29,875 --> 02:48:30,875
Robert.
2744
02:48:34,041 --> 02:48:35,041
Don't...
2745
02:48:38,041 --> 02:48:39,208
Don't take in the sheets.
2746
02:48:45,275 --> 02:48:47,000
Two minutes. Two minutes!
2747
02:48:47,583 --> 02:48:48,708
You'll get your shot!
2748
02:48:52,708 --> 02:48:54,166
Is it official?
2749
02:48:56,125 --> 02:48:59,664
Well, there were a couple
of unexpected holdouts.
2750
02:49:05,083 --> 02:49:07,000
I'm denied. Yeah?
2751
02:49:07,833 --> 02:49:09,291
I'm afraid so, sir.
-Alright.
2752
02:49:17,250 --> 02:49:18,333
Who were the holdouts?
2753
02:49:18,534 --> 02:49:21,260
Um, there were three.
2754
02:49:21,393 --> 02:49:23,875
Led by the junior senator
from Massachusetts.
2755
02:49:23,963 --> 02:49:25,583
Young guy trying to make
a name for himself,
2756
02:49:25,625 --> 02:49:27,500
didn't like what you did to Oppenheimer.
2757
02:49:28,500 --> 02:49:29,485
What's his name?
2758
02:49:30,250 --> 02:49:31,791
Uh, Kennedy.
2759
02:49:32,226 --> 02:49:33,250
John F. Kennedy.
2760
02:49:37,306 --> 02:49:38,293
Kitty?
2761
02:49:44,750 --> 02:49:48,118
Did you think that if you
let them tar and feather you,
2762
02:49:48,458 --> 02:49:50,083
then the world would forgive you?
2763
02:49:54,118 --> 02:49:55,118
It won't.
2764
02:49:57,890 --> 02:49:58,890
We'll see.
2765
02:50:13,515 --> 02:50:15,000
You told me I'd be okay.
2766
02:50:15,750 --> 02:50:17,819
Yeah, well, I didn't have
all the facts, did I?
2767
02:50:17,958 --> 02:50:18,976
Here's a fact.
2768
02:50:19,166 --> 02:50:22,833
President Eisenhower pinned the
Medal of Freedom on my chest last year,
2769
02:50:23,208 --> 02:50:25,416
because I've always done
what's right for this country.
2770
02:50:25,708 --> 02:50:29,416
They don't want me in the cabinet room?
Well, that's... that's fine.
2771
02:50:30,375 --> 02:50:32,541
Maybe they should just
invite Oppenheimer instead.
2772
02:50:32,771 --> 02:50:33,791
Maybe they will.
2773
02:50:34,749 --> 02:50:37,734
I told you. He turned
the scientists against me,
2774
02:50:37,812 --> 02:50:39,833
one by one, starting with Einstein.
2775
02:50:39,875 --> 02:50:42,458
I told you about that. Einstein.
Einstein by the pond.
2776
02:50:42,500 --> 02:50:44,857
You did, but you know, sir,
since nobody...
2777
02:50:45,416 --> 02:50:47,791
really knows what they
said to each other that day,
2778
02:50:47,833 --> 02:50:50,958
is it possible they didn't
talk about you at all?
2779
02:50:51,625 --> 02:50:53,666
Is it possible they spoke
about something, uh...
2780
02:50:54,833 --> 02:50:55,875
more important?
2781
02:51:11,208 --> 02:51:12,213
Thank you.
2782
02:51:12,750 --> 02:51:13,749
Albert.
2783
02:51:17,125 --> 02:51:18,458
The man of the moment.
2784
02:51:22,791 --> 02:51:26,953
You once held a reception
for me in Berkeley.
2785
02:51:27,000 --> 02:51:29,017
You gave me an award, hmm?
-Yes.
2786
02:51:30,458 --> 02:51:34,958
You all thought that I had lost the
ability to understand what I'd started.
2787
02:51:35,900 --> 02:51:36,900
So...
2788
02:51:37,291 --> 02:51:41,213
The award really wasn't for me,
it was for all of you, hmm?
2789
02:51:43,541 --> 02:51:45,250
Now it's your turn
2790
02:51:45,750 --> 02:51:49,833
to deal with the consequences
of your achievement.
2791
02:51:51,375 --> 02:51:54,500
And one day, when they've
punished you enough,
2792
02:51:56,958 --> 02:52:00,333
they'll serve you salmon and potato salad.
2793
02:52:05,000 --> 02:52:06,041
Make speeches.
2794
02:52:07,662 --> 02:52:08,791
Give you a medal.
2795
02:52:11,291 --> 02:52:12,311
Hello, Frank.
2796
02:52:12,959 --> 02:52:14,416
You're happy, I'm happy.
2797
02:52:21,292 --> 02:52:23,625
Pat you on the back,
tell you all is forgiven.
2798
02:52:25,750 --> 02:52:26,875
Just remember...
2799
02:52:28,923 --> 02:52:30,541
it won't be for you.
2800
02:52:35,792 --> 02:52:36,916
It'll be for them.
2801
02:52:50,797 --> 02:52:51,797
Albert...
2802
02:52:54,042 --> 02:52:56,541
when I came to you
with those calculations,
2803
02:52:57,250 --> 02:52:59,250
we thought we might start a chain reaction
2804
02:52:59,291 --> 02:53:02,375
that would destroy the entire world.
2805
02:53:04,208 --> 02:53:07,167
I remember it well. What of it?
2806
02:53:11,167 --> 02:53:12,207
I believe we did.
2807
02:53:13,305 --> 02:54:13,160
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