Original subtitles

tin

can

we might want want to wear the v_ chip greek civilization

still has anything to say to us

travel around athens today

and you see that the martin sitting names much larger than the traces of its

power

and yet

just as we get the old glimpse of old buildings

sixty it sometimes possible to capture him to be ideas the ancient greeks have

given us

almost two thousand five hundred years ago

a philosopher was born here

his name was socrates

and he's come to symbolize one philosophies most inspiring gets to the

rest of us

the thinking logically about our lives might help us to be more certain of

ourselves

more independent

s conformist less hamstrung by what of the people think

it's the dream that philosophy might such as free

i've come to refuse to see how a man

who famously donate for his beliefs

might give us the confidence to stand up for all byron

socrates read nothing down

and we know what he sent chiefly through a series of dialogue see features in

written by his pupils later

we're not even sure that this strange little statues of him

we know he was born in four six nine bc and was married to a famous kisha rich

woman

calls and vp

when asked why he maritime he replied the horse trainer had to practice in the

most spirited animals

there is one factor that into stands out

among or incheon philosophers these perhaps the greatest and there's no

clear evidence of this fact

matches the only philosopher readily available

as a fridge magnet

the magnet suggest another factor that socrates

that he was extraordinarily quickly

in history of the subjects with many notably ugly practitioners he was

shortly

the artist

here is very good friends compared him stingray sincerely cortes

compounded his looks

films never washing

ready changing his clothes middleware and sandals

who said that he'd been born in order to spike shoemakers

socrates is your secret it happens

quicker way to one of his most inspiring ideas

but we should find ways to build confidence not there in terms

and not be to swing depends upon for the start

the recruits similarities between humans and cheap

we may not have a woman on pacs limit buying sounds who we often have emerged

from a life of the creatures passively and have a hard breaking away from the

group

point to the following sheepishly behind other people

particularly important all the people

marci because we mention they must know what they're talking about concern

crucial behind

until nineteen ninety eight

andrew miller was a loyal employees at this company british biotech in oxford

when he was director of clinical research

but he began to think that is employers will be over optimistic about the drugs

they were developing

but the shareholders want getting an accurate picture

he was forced to confront antagonizing question could it would it be possible

that he was right even though or eleven members biotech aboard were against him

what what does it feel like to be

one man

uh... thinking that something

you're saying is right an eleven other people saying no you won't u

well it's so frustrating situation

at some

units tariff lines won't like it

if it will uh...

i don't say terrifying but it is

pre occupied

but it does still chesley

and u

to you made your mind toes

start to play tricks on me

good unit to make it out to sanity to certain extent because

evils trees experience debited two boxes overall it at the majority

tends to have a certain amount of right on the side

and to those who always has a bollywood said lace to sit in my office touching

but of course thinking how i got this wrong unit allen misinterpreting these

things

that the saltzman technology

kabbah force of the scope of cases diffusing birthrates whether they were

trying to send it well angie he stopped us your insanity thick black glasses

why do i think this elise eleven guys from the board

think differently

tell me about the pressure to conform to the company uk british biotech

well i think it'll companies that pressures to conform the cultures and

all contents

people he like when are you working with

when she what you want to do is to

even appease them that your bosses

you are wanting to appease them you only to help them

you are willing to work with them he will be friends with them

i did not

circle

relations with that woman

little ones

the first recent why it's hard to feel confident in andrew situation

is that we tend to accept people in authority must be right

they european community has said this because i think they say

because the system trimmed its opportunites wanted us to chairman

but used to think a logic lee

about the nonsense that often come out with

rather than being struck dumb

by the or if importance and arif swap certainty right

because i think outside

opened and twisted journalism of our country

with a simple sort of truth

on the trust issue of a traditional british play

soviet

in deciding when to follow prominent people

and when to disagree with them socrates had one huge advantage over us he could

always talk to them in person

athens in his stag had a population of just a hundred and fifty thousand

and all the citizens came here to the anchorage the main marketing meeting

place of athens

if you visited in the fifth century b_c_

you'll be lucky to see amongst the bustle of the city

rather curious puppy figure

because for most of his adult life

socrates cause of a dormant and came to spend the day amongst the shopkeepers

and merchants who have been stalls here

it wasn't just local people who came

uh... to this post was also the most important people anything in society so

that you could meet eric any point in the day probably visit with the opinion

formers the great military generals the great statesman important richard

tissues be aristocrats they could all be found here

and what socrates did rather than just widely chatting to people he would go up

to these very important people an austin great questions on life you basically

osman to explain why they were giving the kind of life that would be doing

and what happened is that he found there was surprising inadequacies in their

understanding of the way of life they weren't eating so that wealthy people

couldn't explain why they have money in office didn't military generals couldn't

explain why they fought battles in a certain way but i think we take away

from this fascinating lessons

if you have the lock but once the courage to go up to fourteen people and

question the way that they are beating their lives you might be able to find

surprising inadequacies which they're very

into that to me make it absolutely no indication

the second recently has staked a challenge of the people

is that we all know in our common moments

how easy it is to make trouble for the wrong reasons

because we can pick a date to nineteen ninety

socrates was a non conformist and he made trouble for seniors

but he wasn't motivated by our completion that everyone should do

things his way

nor by the kind of willful eccentricity

we might think off when we hear that you went around barefoot in washes clerk

what makes his nonconformity valuable

is that it was motivated by the desire to find truth

challenge lazy assumptions rather than the wish to make trouble

government so we can walk down the main streets in the marketplace fans and talk

to people

much questions about meaning of life

anyway very fascinating thing to do so very irritating

spend at least tend to react with

liberation

justices

a good idea

making sure that everyone gets

qualify

efficiencies

going off to people in asking them to explain their beliefs

is pretty scary if you were told shali like me

people look at you strangely they mentioned that if you ask him to explain

why they're living in a certain way but you know the answer

and when someone claiming a position of superiority over them

that's the problem

pressures supposedly a special commission cities for a very low

socratic test

so pretty stagnant such inhibitions

he preferred to be thought of it so for intense and we use than allow his fellow

citizens

to continue to muddle along on thinking

he wanted all of us to scrutinize what we believed even on our way into the

shops

dispels id

since you can probably mansion

socrates annoyed and most of the scenes in this way

but at the heart of his approach is an extremely gamma terrain idea

that everyone has the duty to reflect on my life

and real all surprisingly capable of doing so

um...

vob

fairbanks

we not often expected to explain why we have the way we do

socrates our sister of a common laziness intimidating

to work out what we really think

and stand by it once we have

etc

yet

playing at celluloid

right

and its

philosophy in his hands

is an invitation opened russell's too intelligent nonconformity

it

subroutines doesn't just give us the confidence to challenge for from united

on the cheese beliefs and traditions

well

wholesome office is soaring

developments of heartburn

which can help us to strike out from crime

and the way to do so

through rigorous test which he defines

if our opinions conservancy proteases test and they will truly worth standing

offer

the reason why there are a lot of willie or at least imprecise ideas out there in

the world

that many people imagine they can come up with a good idea

without thinking tumhara patterns

socrates thought this was crazy

and to bring up the insanity of disposition compared thinking to putting

and no one would imagine that you could make a good cause that at least

following departing recourse steps

yet many people imagine you could come up for the pacific elective

here how to live your life

thinking too hard about it

socrates went further and his analogy

yes she came out

with a distinct method

socratic method of fort

identified five distinct steps which anyone who wants to come up with a good

in which to do so

times these thoughts from roughly be summarized as follows

look around you for statements that many people would describe as plain common

sense

for example for the best jobs that those which are most highly pains

well that happiness comes from being married

certainly try to find an exception to this

could you ever the american yet unhappy

or could have been a very well take over yet miserable

is an exception to this day

is found

it must be middle statement is false or at least imprecise

and in this case we find that there is an interesting

nuance the initial statement to take the exception into account

so in our example realize that it is possible to be quite unhappy that very

highly-paid job it's completely creativity on fulfilling

or to be quite miserable in a marriage if you've married the wrong person

you continue this process for as long as possible

you keep trying to find exceptions to your common sense statements until she

says the truth insofar as anyone ever able to reach the truth

lies in a statement which it seems impossible to disprove

if we just are communes in this way socrates believed

will be able to construct trust with the and watertight thoughts and just the

same way as a skilled potter x trustworthy and watertight pots

the point of socrates is method is it it makes your father's passing

less inclined to follow that the other cheek

if other people disagree we don't just have to say limping petulant lee well i

think i'm right but i can't tell you why

will be able to demonstrate logically why we believe things panic others

ignore the logic then that opposition went after one of the same time

martha's imagine that we copy philosophers because we haven't studied

philosophy we havent read enough we have gone to school long enough wimberly

university degree

but i think what i find extremely inspiring in socrates is the idea that

everyone config noticeably one campaign but everyone has a responsibility to

think

defense because it the unexamined life is not worth living

so could you send me to the idea of an examined like seemed far from for

beating

socrates suggests that we can have an interesting philosophical conversation

anyway even on a street corner

philosophy

mean just happened behind the walls of the university when schoolroom

socrates used to talk to an extraordinary range of people and want

to demonstrate to think that they will all cable to arrive well-thought-out

opinions

it's inspiring idea

in all martin democratic societies with focus groups and opinion pollsters rule

socrates would've thought that all problem is that we tend to listen to

opinions whether they're well thought out or not

side

was so critics believe

but we will be all in theory capable of living in examined life

he knew that in practice most of us don't

and this meant

that he couldn't accept spit every opinion was equally worth listening to

him anymore

and every poll twist equally capable of holding water

strange as it may sound too morton is and even though he lived in the very

cradle of democracy socrates at the grave us reservations about democracy

because he refused to accept the just because the majority supported in

opinion that major right company to forty ridiculous the people in positions

of power might be guided by focus groups like pics

stick most important decisions ancient athens

were taken according to the will of the majority once a month the whole citizen

body would be osteopathic for two people place and talk about all the important

issues facing our sins and we find exactly the same approach going on today

emoted government and business polling organizations rob like this one cava

groups of people an awesome what they think and then important decisions taken

according to the with the majority

i think socrates with disagreed finally with what's going on and that he was

objected not just a bit that call think but also to the home approach

that with majority should decide an issue in his eyes

matches

his weapon on human is logical is reasonable facts the way we should make

decisions not recording the will of the man charged

believing that the majority can be wrong

and being sure when you are right

still doesn't make it easier to hold a minority opinion particularly when you

likelihood said state what most people so what gave andrew miller the

confidence to stand up against his employers even though it was to lead him

into a bitter battle in the media and the local sia uh... you can only see the

world's

with relatives

you can't writes a understand what other people think

and sometimes you can't do that there are different times

when someone has some strong views that are quite different from those you

respect to the basis for

uh... but that's different from being

yet i think we can accommodate a lot of

differing views

that but from weapon if you devoted to see things for the wrong

i do find it very frustrating

socrates died for his beliefs how far were you prepared to care for you with

us

but it was a bit different symbian individual your family

and once i was put into the media wall simplification i was aware of that

i was at war

that i have left

but leslie of my wife a partial

until

i really have a choice of a started to realize anyway i was full it's

and uh... answer you know we have sort of photographs

together

visitation it could have destroyed me was a victory

difficult destroyed me uh...

was officially prepared

fathers

just how far it finished up

the inet funding fundamentally

yeltsin self

alleged sink alot to their in the morning of the show it

it at the least

uh... i think of that too politically culture started with the situation

andrew feels that he's been vindicated by the out of court settlement he

received from his employers

socrates was not so fortunate

the one factor people tend to remember about socrates is that he faced a trial

and he was condemned to death

this is remained a very potent image

so that if you walk around the streets of athens today

you can still see the scene represented all over the place

and that's because has become an immensely powerful symbol someone

standing out courageously and intelligently against the will the

majority

the charge against socrates was having corrupted the youth of athens and

failing to respect the colts the city worshipped the potential penalty was

death

one march morning socrates was also show up at the courthouse

in athens and terms of what is was facing probably to a five hundred

opinion citizens

and what we do know is that the other spare inside the courtroom was resident

hostile towards the parties from the very beginning is suspicious of this man

many conferred had been questioned by him before they were not on his signs

sasaki was really

facing the possibility that he would die and yet he didn't lose his nerve

and socrates said if i was a lot more time to make my case to you d receipient

i'm sure i could convince you that justice of michael's but icons

and he accepted this critically sickly

when the final vote came to be taken

of the majority of the jury decided he was guilty and he should be sent it back

socrates was laid off from the courtroom to the prison just a few yards warning

his wife's and they came to visit him

but she broke down so hysterically

that you have to be led away

many of his friends who also intends

even the prison water we've seen many carter that deaths offered his apologies

and second of all the people who would ever come through the child

subroutines was the noblest the most generous and one sister

and a few moments later

the execution of came through the door with a cup of hemlock

it's a pretty swiss given the card

announced a tree

and after a few moments his legs began to feel happy

uh... slowly the paralysis calls by becoming the paralyzing agent in hemlock

but looking through his body and uh... within a few minutes his whole body was

paralyzed his friendfeed to reach forward and shut his eyes

in athens today

there's very little glory that was anxious greece and that is inspired the

world that person's and yet the ideas of socrates live on

he was once asked where he came from

and he replied not from athens

and he remains in many ways the political philosopher

born in athens but speaking his message to the home of humanity

of course very few of us will be called upon to die for our beliefs

but socrates makes a scene

week all have the capacity

to stop following opinions passively

and instead to develop beliefs we can't truly have confidence in

though with often reluctant to see it

all of us can make the transition

from being chic

to being thinking person

faxes