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tin
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can
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we might want want to wear the v_ chip greek civilization
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still has anything to say to us
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travel around athens today
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and you see that the martin sitting names much larger than the traces of its
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power
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and yet
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just as we get the old glimpse of old buildings
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sixty it sometimes possible to capture him to be ideas the ancient greeks have
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given us
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almost two thousand five hundred years ago
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a philosopher was born here
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his name was socrates
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and he's come to symbolize one philosophies most inspiring gets to the
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rest of us
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the thinking logically about our lives might help us to be more certain of
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ourselves
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more independent
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s conformist less hamstrung by what of the people think
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it's the dream that philosophy might such as free
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i've come to refuse to see how a man
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who famously donate for his beliefs
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might give us the confidence to stand up for all byron
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socrates read nothing down
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and we know what he sent chiefly through a series of dialogue see features in
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written by his pupils later
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we're not even sure that this strange little statues of him
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we know he was born in four six nine bc and was married to a famous kisha rich
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woman
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calls and vp
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when asked why he maritime he replied the horse trainer had to practice in the
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most spirited animals
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there is one factor that into stands out
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among or incheon philosophers these perhaps the greatest and there's no
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clear evidence of this fact
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matches the only philosopher readily available
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as a fridge magnet
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the magnet suggest another factor that socrates
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that he was extraordinarily quickly
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in history of the subjects with many notably ugly practitioners he was
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shortly
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the artist
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here is very good friends compared him stingray sincerely cortes
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compounded his looks
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films never washing
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ready changing his clothes middleware and sandals
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who said that he'd been born in order to spike shoemakers
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socrates is your secret it happens
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quicker way to one of his most inspiring ideas
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but we should find ways to build confidence not there in terms
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and not be to swing depends upon for the start
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the recruits similarities between humans and cheap
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we may not have a woman on pacs limit buying sounds who we often have emerged
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from a life of the creatures passively and have a hard breaking away from the
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group
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point to the following sheepishly behind other people
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particularly important all the people
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marci because we mention they must know what they're talking about concern
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crucial behind
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until nineteen ninety eight
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andrew miller was a loyal employees at this company british biotech in oxford
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when he was director of clinical research
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but he began to think that is employers will be over optimistic about the drugs
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they were developing
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but the shareholders want getting an accurate picture
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he was forced to confront antagonizing question could it would it be possible
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that he was right even though or eleven members biotech aboard were against him
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what what does it feel like to be
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one man
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uh... thinking that something
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you're saying is right an eleven other people saying no you won't u
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well it's so frustrating situation
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at some
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units tariff lines won't like it
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if it will uh...
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i don't say terrifying but it is
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pre occupied
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but it does still chesley
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and u
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to you made your mind toes
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start to play tricks on me
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good unit to make it out to sanity to certain extent because
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evils trees experience debited two boxes overall it at the majority
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tends to have a certain amount of right on the side
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and to those who always has a bollywood said lace to sit in my office touching
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but of course thinking how i got this wrong unit allen misinterpreting these
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things
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that the saltzman technology
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kabbah force of the scope of cases diffusing birthrates whether they were
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trying to send it well angie he stopped us your insanity thick black glasses
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why do i think this elise eleven guys from the board
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think differently
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tell me about the pressure to conform to the company uk british biotech
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well i think it'll companies that pressures to conform the cultures and
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all contents
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people he like when are you working with
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when she what you want to do is to
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even appease them that your bosses
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you are wanting to appease them you only to help them
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you are willing to work with them he will be friends with them
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i did not
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circle
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relations with that woman
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little ones
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the first recent why it's hard to feel confident in andrew situation
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is that we tend to accept people in authority must be right
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they european community has said this because i think they say
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because the system trimmed its opportunites wanted us to chairman
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but used to think a logic lee
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about the nonsense that often come out with
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rather than being struck dumb
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by the or if importance and arif swap certainty right
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because i think outside
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opened and twisted journalism of our country
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with a simple sort of truth
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on the trust issue of a traditional british play
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soviet
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in deciding when to follow prominent people
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and when to disagree with them socrates had one huge advantage over us he could
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always talk to them in person
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athens in his stag had a population of just a hundred and fifty thousand
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and all the citizens came here to the anchorage the main marketing meeting
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place of athens
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if you visited in the fifth century b_c_
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you'll be lucky to see amongst the bustle of the city
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rather curious puppy figure
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because for most of his adult life
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socrates cause of a dormant and came to spend the day amongst the shopkeepers
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and merchants who have been stalls here
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it wasn't just local people who came
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uh... to this post was also the most important people anything in society so
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that you could meet eric any point in the day probably visit with the opinion
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formers the great military generals the great statesman important richard
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tissues be aristocrats they could all be found here
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and what socrates did rather than just widely chatting to people he would go up
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to these very important people an austin great questions on life you basically
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osman to explain why they were giving the kind of life that would be doing
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and what happened is that he found there was surprising inadequacies in their
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understanding of the way of life they weren't eating so that wealthy people
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couldn't explain why they have money in office didn't military generals couldn't
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explain why they fought battles in a certain way but i think we take away
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from this fascinating lessons
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if you have the lock but once the courage to go up to fourteen people and
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question the way that they are beating their lives you might be able to find
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surprising inadequacies which they're very
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into that to me make it absolutely no indication
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the second recently has staked a challenge of the people
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is that we all know in our common moments
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how easy it is to make trouble for the wrong reasons
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because we can pick a date to nineteen ninety
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socrates was a non conformist and he made trouble for seniors
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but he wasn't motivated by our completion that everyone should do
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things his way
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nor by the kind of willful eccentricity
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we might think off when we hear that you went around barefoot in washes clerk
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what makes his nonconformity valuable
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is that it was motivated by the desire to find truth
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challenge lazy assumptions rather than the wish to make trouble
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government so we can walk down the main streets in the marketplace fans and talk
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to people
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much questions about meaning of life
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anyway very fascinating thing to do so very irritating
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spend at least tend to react with
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liberation
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justices
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a good idea
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making sure that everyone gets
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qualify
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efficiencies
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going off to people in asking them to explain their beliefs
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is pretty scary if you were told shali like me
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people look at you strangely they mentioned that if you ask him to explain
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why they're living in a certain way but you know the answer
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and when someone claiming a position of superiority over them
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that's the problem
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pressures supposedly a special commission cities for a very low
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socratic test
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so pretty stagnant such inhibitions
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he preferred to be thought of it so for intense and we use than allow his fellow
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citizens
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to continue to muddle along on thinking
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he wanted all of us to scrutinize what we believed even on our way into the
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shops
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dispels id
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since you can probably mansion
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socrates annoyed and most of the scenes in this way
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but at the heart of his approach is an extremely gamma terrain idea
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that everyone has the duty to reflect on my life
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and real all surprisingly capable of doing so
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um...
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vob
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fairbanks
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we not often expected to explain why we have the way we do
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socrates our sister of a common laziness intimidating
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to work out what we really think
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and stand by it once we have
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etc
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yet
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playing at celluloid
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right
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and its
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philosophy in his hands
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is an invitation opened russell's too intelligent nonconformity
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it
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subroutines doesn't just give us the confidence to challenge for from united
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on the cheese beliefs and traditions
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well
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wholesome office is soaring
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developments of heartburn
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which can help us to strike out from crime
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and the way to do so
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through rigorous test which he defines
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if our opinions conservancy proteases test and they will truly worth standing
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offer
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the reason why there are a lot of willie or at least imprecise ideas out there in
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the world
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that many people imagine they can come up with a good idea
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without thinking tumhara patterns
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socrates thought this was crazy
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and to bring up the insanity of disposition compared thinking to putting
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and no one would imagine that you could make a good cause that at least
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following departing recourse steps
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yet many people imagine you could come up for the pacific elective
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here how to live your life
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thinking too hard about it
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socrates went further and his analogy
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yes she came out
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with a distinct method
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socratic method of fort
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identified five distinct steps which anyone who wants to come up with a good
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in which to do so
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times these thoughts from roughly be summarized as follows
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look around you for statements that many people would describe as plain common
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sense
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for example for the best jobs that those which are most highly pains
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well that happiness comes from being married
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certainly try to find an exception to this
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could you ever the american yet unhappy
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or could have been a very well take over yet miserable
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is an exception to this day
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is found
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it must be middle statement is false or at least imprecise
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and in this case we find that there is an interesting
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nuance the initial statement to take the exception into account
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so in our example realize that it is possible to be quite unhappy that very
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highly-paid job it's completely creativity on fulfilling
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or to be quite miserable in a marriage if you've married the wrong person
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you continue this process for as long as possible
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you keep trying to find exceptions to your common sense statements until she
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says the truth insofar as anyone ever able to reach the truth
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lies in a statement which it seems impossible to disprove
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if we just are communes in this way socrates believed
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will be able to construct trust with the and watertight thoughts and just the
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same way as a skilled potter x trustworthy and watertight pots
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the point of socrates is method is it it makes your father's passing
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less inclined to follow that the other cheek
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if other people disagree we don't just have to say limping petulant lee well i
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think i'm right but i can't tell you why
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will be able to demonstrate logically why we believe things panic others
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ignore the logic then that opposition went after one of the same time
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martha's imagine that we copy philosophers because we haven't studied
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philosophy we havent read enough we have gone to school long enough wimberly
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university degree
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but i think what i find extremely inspiring in socrates is the idea that
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everyone config noticeably one campaign but everyone has a responsibility to
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think
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defense because it the unexamined life is not worth living
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so could you send me to the idea of an examined like seemed far from for
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beating
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socrates suggests that we can have an interesting philosophical conversation
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anyway even on a street corner
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philosophy
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mean just happened behind the walls of the university when schoolroom
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socrates used to talk to an extraordinary range of people and want
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to demonstrate to think that they will all cable to arrive well-thought-out
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opinions
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it's inspiring idea
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in all martin democratic societies with focus groups and opinion pollsters rule
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socrates would've thought that all problem is that we tend to listen to
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opinions whether they're well thought out or not
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side
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was so critics believe
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but we will be all in theory capable of living in examined life
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he knew that in practice most of us don't
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and this meant
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that he couldn't accept spit every opinion was equally worth listening to
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him anymore
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and every poll twist equally capable of holding water
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strange as it may sound too morton is and even though he lived in the very
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cradle of democracy socrates at the grave us reservations about democracy
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because he refused to accept the just because the majority supported in
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opinion that major right company to forty ridiculous the people in positions
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of power might be guided by focus groups like pics
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stick most important decisions ancient athens
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were taken according to the will of the majority once a month the whole citizen
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body would be osteopathic for two people place and talk about all the important
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issues facing our sins and we find exactly the same approach going on today
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emoted government and business polling organizations rob like this one cava
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groups of people an awesome what they think and then important decisions taken
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according to the with the majority
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i think socrates with disagreed finally with what's going on and that he was
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objected not just a bit that call think but also to the home approach
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that with majority should decide an issue in his eyes
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matches
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his weapon on human is logical is reasonable facts the way we should make
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decisions not recording the will of the man charged
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believing that the majority can be wrong
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and being sure when you are right
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still doesn't make it easier to hold a minority opinion particularly when you
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likelihood said state what most people so what gave andrew miller the
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confidence to stand up against his employers even though it was to lead him
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into a bitter battle in the media and the local sia uh... you can only see the
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world's
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with relatives
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you can't writes a understand what other people think
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and sometimes you can't do that there are different times
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when someone has some strong views that are quite different from those you
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respect to the basis for
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uh... but that's different from being
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yet i think we can accommodate a lot of
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differing views
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that but from weapon if you devoted to see things for the wrong
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i do find it very frustrating
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socrates died for his beliefs how far were you prepared to care for you with
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us
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but it was a bit different symbian individual your family
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and once i was put into the media wall simplification i was aware of that
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i was at war
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that i have left
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but leslie of my wife a partial
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until
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i really have a choice of a started to realize anyway i was full it's
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and uh... answer you know we have sort of photographs
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together
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visitation it could have destroyed me was a victory
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difficult destroyed me uh...
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was officially prepared
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fathers
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just how far it finished up
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the inet funding fundamentally
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yeltsin self
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alleged sink alot to their in the morning of the show it
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it at the least
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uh... i think of that too politically culture started with the situation
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andrew feels that he's been vindicated by the out of court settlement he
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received from his employers
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socrates was not so fortunate
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the one factor people tend to remember about socrates is that he faced a trial
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and he was condemned to death
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this is remained a very potent image
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so that if you walk around the streets of athens today
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you can still see the scene represented all over the place
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and that's because has become an immensely powerful symbol someone
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standing out courageously and intelligently against the will the
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majority
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the charge against socrates was having corrupted the youth of athens and
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failing to respect the colts the city worshipped the potential penalty was
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death
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one march morning socrates was also show up at the courthouse
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in athens and terms of what is was facing probably to a five hundred
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opinion citizens
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and what we do know is that the other spare inside the courtroom was resident
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hostile towards the parties from the very beginning is suspicious of this man
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many conferred had been questioned by him before they were not on his signs
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sasaki was really
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facing the possibility that he would die and yet he didn't lose his nerve
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and socrates said if i was a lot more time to make my case to you d receipient
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i'm sure i could convince you that justice of michael's but icons
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and he accepted this critically sickly
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when the final vote came to be taken
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of the majority of the jury decided he was guilty and he should be sent it back
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socrates was laid off from the courtroom to the prison just a few yards warning
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his wife's and they came to visit him
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but she broke down so hysterically
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that you have to be led away
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many of his friends who also intends
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even the prison water we've seen many carter that deaths offered his apologies
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and second of all the people who would ever come through the child
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subroutines was the noblest the most generous and one sister
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and a few moments later
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the execution of came through the door with a cup of hemlock
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it's a pretty swiss given the card
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announced a tree
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and after a few moments his legs began to feel happy
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uh... slowly the paralysis calls by becoming the paralyzing agent in hemlock
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but looking through his body and uh... within a few minutes his whole body was
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paralyzed his friendfeed to reach forward and shut his eyes
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in athens today
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there's very little glory that was anxious greece and that is inspired the
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world that person's and yet the ideas of socrates live on
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he was once asked where he came from
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and he replied not from athens
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and he remains in many ways the political philosopher
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born in athens but speaking his message to the home of humanity
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of course very few of us will be called upon to die for our beliefs
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but socrates makes a scene
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week all have the capacity
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to stop following opinions passively
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and instead to develop beliefs we can't truly have confidence in
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though with often reluctant to see it
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all of us can make the transition
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from being chic
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to being thinking person
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faxes
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