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this is the story of America
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seen in color for the first time
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in the early 20th century
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moving pictures spark a new fascination
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with America's rich and famous
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legendary families that rule the worlds of power
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money and style the Roosevelts produce two presidents
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the Rockefellers and Vanderbilts build empires
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and spend fortunes
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William Randolph Hearst uses film
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to cash in on the glitzy lives of the rich and famous
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and a glamorous first family spawns a political dynasty
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the torch has been passed
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to a new generation of American
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this is the story of American royalty
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as you've never seen it before
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I want us to recapture them
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September 12th, 1953
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the wealthy resort town of Newport Rhode Island
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the storybook wedding of 36 year old Senator John F
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Kennedy and 24 year old Jacqueline Bouvier
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this union between two legendary American families
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is the social event of the season
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this bright young couple
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will one day come to define an American kind of royalty
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an enduring mix of glamour
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popularity and power
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and for the groom's father Joseph
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seen here dancing with wife rose
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power has long been the family goal
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Joe Kennedy
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like so many Americans is the descendant of immigrants
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in the 19th century
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millions cross the ocean
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seeking freedom and opportunity
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they find a country starkly divided between the haves
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and the have nots
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Between 1860 and 19
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the richest 2% of American families
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own one third of the nation's wealth
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ruthless operators like industrialist Charles Schwab
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banker JP Morgan
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real estate magnate Jacob Astor the 4th
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and steel tycoon Andrew Carnegie
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have amassed piles of money
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but little public admiration
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most Americans call them rubber barons
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in the early 20th century
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these bare knuckled businessmen rule industry
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Wall Street and Washington
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the most powerful of all oil tycoon John D Rockefeller
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the world's first billionaire
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his company
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Standard Oil
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savages and then swallows up its competitors
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and ends up controlling
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90% of the American oil industry
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in upstate New York
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he builds a private estate called Pocantico Hills
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Lavish gardens surround the 40 room mansion
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one observer jokes
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it's what god would have built if only he had the money
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Rockefeller is America's richest man
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by 1896 he has assets of $200 million
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over $5 billion in today's money
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he's the Bill Gates of his day
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but in his 50s a mid work stress
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he develops alopecia and goes bald
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image conscious he wears wigs for the rest of his life
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Rockefeller and his fellow rubber barons are not loved
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ordinary Americans resent their wealth and power
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but a new populist president
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will promise to drain this swamp
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in 1901 President William McKinley
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visits the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo New York
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The next day an anarchist's bullet takes his life
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Vice President Teddy Roosevelt
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follows McKinley's coffin
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his sudden rise to power and prominence
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does not faze him
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Teddy is from a wealthy family of Dutch descent
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pillars of New York's high society
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but this son of privilege
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feels a bond with average Americans
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and they feel he understands their struggles
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in a famous address in 1910 he says
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nothing in this world is worth having or worth doing
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unless it means effort
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pain difficulty
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Teddy embraces a recent invention
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the silent movie camera
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when he visits San Francisco in May 19 0 3
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crowds clamor
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for a glimpse of this new celebrity president
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and in 19 o 4
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thousands see him sworn in for a second term
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Teddy targets the monopolies of the robber barons
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he calls the Rockefellers
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the biggest criminals in the country
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he sues Standard Oil for violating anti trust laws
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and in 1911
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the company is forced to break up
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but this blow
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ironically not only makes Rockefeller richer
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it will help transform his image
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from hated robber baron to revered American royalty
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a transformation that starts strangely enough
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with a tragedy caused by his son John junior
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in Colorado
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a Rockefeller own company
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runs the state's largest coal mining operation
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with 11,000 workers
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most of them poor immigrants from southern Europe
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they're paid not by the hour
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but by how much coal they mine
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a system that encourages risky practices
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in September 1913 8,000 of the coal miners strike
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they want higher pay
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better conditions and the right to form a union
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Rockefeller junior refuses their demands
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he pressures the governor to send in the National Guard
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with the Rockefellers paying their salaries
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a Pathay News cameraman films the guardsmen
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who are ready for a confrontation
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a gun battle with the strikers breaks out
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this footage is seen across the country
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on April 20th, 1914
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guardsmen open fire on the strikers camp
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21 are killed including women and children
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the incident becomes known as the Ludlow Massacre
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there's an outpouring of sympathy for the miners
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hundreds turn out for the funeral
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a little more than two months later on July 4th, 1914
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a bomb explodes in New York City
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four are killed and many are injured
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radical seeking vengeance
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were preparing an explosive device to send to John D
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Rockefeller
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it blew up in their faces
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the Rockefellers decide to redeem their public image
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John D junior travels personally to the mines
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and dresses down in denim
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he also creates opportunities for workers
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voices to be heard
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John senior to win American hearts and minds
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publicizes his philanthropy
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by now he has already given away around $150 million
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over 4 billion today
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with his trademark cap
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John senior appears more often in front of the cameras
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crowds like this one
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welcoming him at a Florida railroad station
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treat him warmly
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the strategy pays off
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Americans start to associate the Rockefellers
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less with ruthless business practices
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and more with good works
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thanks to film
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audiences can now see the lifestyles
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of the rich and famous
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the robber barons become celebrities
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before Rockefeller
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the biggest fortune in America
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belongs to railroad magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt
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when he dies in 1877 he leads $100 million
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$2 billion today
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what his family does with his huge inheritance
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makes the Vanderbilts a name that all Americans know
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grandson Cornelius Vanderbilt the second
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builds a family summer residence in Newport
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Rhode Island called the Breakers
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boasting some 70 rooms and imported marble
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it costs $7 million
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palaces like the Vanderbilts
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become a trademark of American royalty
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Cornelius Vanderbilt's great grandson
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William Kissam Vanderbilt the 2nd
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likes to burn his cash on fast cars
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October 8th 19 0 4
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the inaugural run of the Vanderbilt Cup
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a 284 mile automobile race he organizes on Long Island
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it's the first international auto race
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ever held in the US
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after nearly five and a half hours
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the Frenchman George Heath wins
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the luxuries enjoyed by the rich
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are swelling to a scale
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that fascinates ordinary Americans
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especially when disaster strikes
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this is the only footage of the ocean liner Titanic
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seen before her fateful 1912 voyage from Southampton
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England to New York
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she is carrying 325 passengers in first class
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the most expensive suite
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cost nearly four and a half thousand dollars
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more than $100,000 today
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a price that secures luxurious floating accommodation
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including an onboard gym
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banker JP Morgan
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the liner's owner is booked to travel
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but at the last moment cancels his trip
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in this lonely stretch of the North Atlantic
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when the Titanic hits an iceberg
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other rich Americans are not so lucky
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property tycoon John Jacob Astor
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Macy's owners Isador and Ida Strauss
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and businessman Benjamin Guggenheim
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all lose their lives
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along with 15 others
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the front pages plaster
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the names of the first class passengers
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to feed a growing fascination with fame
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at the time
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the biggest name in publishing
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is William Randolph Hearst
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the Rupert Murdoch of his day
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his chain of newspapers makes and breaks people
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first has the ear of presidents
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in 1923 cameras capture him and wife Millicent
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outside the White House
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after meeting President Coolidge
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in 1914 Hearst enters a new business newsreels
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and the American public
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are eager to see the rich and famous
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no matter what they're doing
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one of Hurst's news reels
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shows the now former President
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Theodore Roosevelt rowing
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this exposure of the super rich
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creates a class of new celebrities
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and some of them play along for the cameras
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including Hurst himself
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1919 San Simeon California
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the media millionaire takes a bold leap
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toward making himself a legend
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he builds his own Hearst Castle
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on his 250,000 acre estate
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with 56 bedrooms
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61 bathrooms
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19 sitting rooms and 127 acres of gardens
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the mansion is one of the most opulent ever
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and dwarfs the Vanderbilt's breakers
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it costs nearly $10 million close to 700 million today
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it even has a private zoo
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no one turns down an invitation to Hearst Castle
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movie stars like Marie Dressler
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here seen on Hurst's arm
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and his long time mistress
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actress Marion Davies on the left
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hammered up in home movies
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Charlie Chaplin also clowns for the camera
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they smooze with New York City's corrupt mayor
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Jimmy Walker
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while actress Header Hopper
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rub shoulders with the chairman of the bank of America
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AP G Annini
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but fun and games
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aren't the only thing the Hearst cameras capture
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in 1917 the United States enters World War one
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first newsman film The Horror of the Trenches
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America needs weapons
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and one man has a virtual
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monopoly on supplying munitions
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Charles Schwab owns Bethlehem Steel
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the second largest steel company in the world
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at his Four River Shipyard in Massachusetts
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when Schwab needs a new general manager
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29 year old Joseph Kennedy gets the job
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the ambitious father of a future president
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is married to Rose Fitzgerald
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the daughter of Boston's mayor
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the shipbuilding job gives Kennedy an important contact
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt
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who is the assistant secretary to the Navy
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seen here clambering aboard
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a naval weapons train in 1918
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he's a distant relation of the legendary Teddy
278
00:17:58,333 --> 00:18:01,066
and married to Teddy's niece Eleanor
279
00:18:02,900 --> 00:18:04,200
the assistant secretary
280
00:18:04,200 --> 00:18:06,400
visits the Massachusetts shipyard
281
00:18:06,400 --> 00:18:08,500
to see the vast number of destroyers
282
00:18:08,500 --> 00:18:11,233
Kennedy is helping deliver for the US Navy
283
00:18:16,533 --> 00:18:17,699
after the war
284
00:18:17,866 --> 00:18:21,433
the ambitious FDR enters national politics
285
00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:27,700
in 1920 he wins
286
00:18:27,700 --> 00:18:30,100
the democratic nomination for vice president
287
00:18:31,366 --> 00:18:32,966
the men who represent us
288
00:18:32,966 --> 00:18:35,033
in the affairs of our government
289
00:18:35,266 --> 00:18:37,433
shall be more than politicians
290
00:18:37,733 --> 00:18:39,466
that they shall support a mate
291
00:18:39,466 --> 00:18:42,033
always the individual ambition
292
00:18:42,300 --> 00:18:45,566
and the party advantage to the national good
293
00:18:46,100 --> 00:18:49,800
and campaigns with presidential candidate James Cox
294
00:18:50,700 --> 00:18:52,400
though Republican Warren G
295
00:18:52,400 --> 00:18:54,700
Harding defeats them in a landslide
296
00:18:55,266 --> 00:18:57,999
FDR's political future seems bright
297
00:19:01,466 --> 00:19:04,099
but nine months after this footage is taken
298
00:19:04,366 --> 00:19:06,899
he is paralyzed by polio
299
00:19:09,500 --> 00:19:11,300
the next time he's seen in public
300
00:19:11,466 --> 00:19:15,099
here at the 1924 Democratic National Convention
301
00:19:15,666 --> 00:19:17,033
he is on crutches
302
00:19:21,966 --> 00:19:23,599
determined to recover
303
00:19:23,966 --> 00:19:27,466
FDR goes to a resort in Warm Springs Georgia
304
00:19:28,100 --> 00:19:31,400
hoping it's 88 degree water will help him grow stronger
305
00:19:33,066 --> 00:19:36,866
home movies capture his rehabilitation with a therapist
306
00:19:40,966 --> 00:19:44,066
in 1926 he buys the place
307
00:19:44,566 --> 00:19:47,099
and turns it into a polio treatment centre
308
00:19:49,300 --> 00:19:51,766
for these buildings will come we hope
309
00:19:51,766 --> 00:19:56,233
for many generations people and especially children
310
00:19:56,733 --> 00:19:59,766
who will be greatly helped along the road of life
311
00:20:02,100 --> 00:20:04,233
this 1928 home movie
312
00:20:04,366 --> 00:20:08,899
shows a family picnic with a 13 year old FDR junior
313
00:20:11,000 --> 00:20:14,366
it offers a rare view of a relaxed FDR
314
00:20:14,366 --> 00:20:16,366
openly wearing leg braces
315
00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:20,100
in private he doesn't hide his disability
316
00:20:24,566 --> 00:20:26,533
publicly he and Rockefeller
317
00:20:26,533 --> 00:20:27,966
still wearing his wig
318
00:20:27,966 --> 00:20:29,833
are much more image conscious
319
00:20:30,200 --> 00:20:32,666
Rockefeller hypes his own philanthropic image
320
00:20:32,666 --> 00:20:35,299
for the news reels at this Christmas party
321
00:20:35,900 --> 00:20:40,266
by 1921 he has given away over half a billion dollars
322
00:20:41,766 --> 00:20:44,466
six and a half billion in today's money
323
00:20:45,266 --> 00:20:47,399
but the gift that becomes his trademark
324
00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:49,266
hardly dents his wallet
325
00:20:50,533 --> 00:20:52,999
he hands out shiny new dimes
326
00:21:00,533 --> 00:21:03,466
Americans fall in love with the aging billionaire
327
00:21:05,133 --> 00:21:07,366
don't you give a dime little acapella
328
00:21:10,100 --> 00:21:11,233
thank you sir
329
00:21:11,666 --> 00:21:12,666
thank you very much
330
00:21:12,666 --> 00:21:13,399
I consider myself
331
00:21:13,400 --> 00:21:14,600
thank you for the ride
332
00:21:14,600 --> 00:21:16,900
I consider myself more than happily faith
333
00:21:16,900 --> 00:21:18,333
bless you bless you
334
00:21:18,333 --> 00:21:20,133
bless you thank you
335
00:21:20,133 --> 00:21:21,766
along with his dimes
336
00:21:21,800 --> 00:21:24,633
the old oil man gives lectures on thrift
337
00:21:25,700 --> 00:21:29,433
but the youngest Rockefellers burn through their money
338
00:21:32,266 --> 00:21:34,499
these home movies capture John D
339
00:21:34,500 --> 00:21:37,200
Junior's children Winthrop
340
00:21:37,333 --> 00:21:39,266
Lawrence Nelson
341
00:21:39,566 --> 00:21:41,299
David and Babs
342
00:21:41,866 --> 00:21:44,266
enjoying life during the roaring 20s
343
00:21:44,900 --> 00:21:47,866
at the family's expanding Pocantico Hills property
344
00:21:47,866 --> 00:21:49,433
in upstate New York
345
00:21:51,566 --> 00:21:52,899
with speedboats
346
00:21:54,300 --> 00:21:58,000
and horse play in something few can afford
347
00:21:58,133 --> 00:22:00,166
an indoor swimming pool
348
00:22:03,266 --> 00:22:05,966
but these movies are never widely seen
349
00:22:06,600 --> 00:22:08,666
the richest and most powerful Americans
350
00:22:08,666 --> 00:22:10,566
will soon understand that
351
00:22:10,566 --> 00:22:13,699
while the camera can create public reputations
352
00:22:13,733 --> 00:22:16,266
it can also destroy them
353
00:22:22,166 --> 00:22:25,433
Wall Street the early 1920s
354
00:22:25,933 --> 00:22:29,866
scene of the next trial in the rise of Joseph Kennedy
355
00:22:31,766 --> 00:22:33,899
he becomes a multi millionaire
356
00:22:33,900 --> 00:22:36,333
thanks in part to insider trading
357
00:22:36,333 --> 00:22:39,033
deals that would be illegal today
358
00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:45,333
in 1926 he sets out to conquer another
359
00:22:45,333 --> 00:22:48,599
free Wheeling industry Hollywood
360
00:22:51,500 --> 00:22:53,766
Kennedy buys studios in trouble
361
00:22:54,133 --> 00:22:58,799
cuts costs fires people then cashes out at a profit
362
00:23:00,533 --> 00:23:03,233
in 1931 he leaves Hollywood
363
00:23:03,300 --> 00:23:05,900
an estimated $5 million richer
364
00:23:07,300 --> 00:23:09,700
that's around 70 million today
365
00:23:11,666 --> 00:23:14,066
but making money isn't enough for Joe
366
00:23:15,900 --> 00:23:20,066
this immigrant son sets his sights on Washington
367
00:23:23,300 --> 00:23:25,700
media Mogul William Randolph Hearst
368
00:23:25,700 --> 00:23:27,466
already wields power
369
00:23:29,333 --> 00:23:31,799
amplified by his enormous wealth
370
00:23:37,133 --> 00:23:43,799
in 1929 he pays $175,000 to sponsor the first
371
00:23:43,800 --> 00:23:46,400
round the world flight by an airship
372
00:23:47,266 --> 00:23:48,566
the Grass Zeppelin
373
00:23:53,100 --> 00:23:54,366
a full on board kitchen
374
00:23:54,366 --> 00:23:57,433
serves green turtle soup and pigeon
375
00:24:00,266 --> 00:24:02,066
and in flight entertainment
376
00:24:02,100 --> 00:24:04,433
helps pass the long hours aloft
377
00:24:05,400 --> 00:24:09,300
and in 69 hours from our departure from Japan
378
00:24:09,533 --> 00:24:11,299
we arrived at the Golden Gate
379
00:24:12,366 --> 00:24:15,233
the historic flight attracts tons of publicity
380
00:24:15,966 --> 00:24:17,533
perfectly timed for the launch
381
00:24:17,533 --> 00:24:19,799
of Hearst's first sound news reel
382
00:24:19,800 --> 00:24:21,700
at New York's Embassy Theatre
383
00:24:21,700 --> 00:24:24,900
on September 28th, 1929
384
00:24:29,666 --> 00:24:32,299
just one month before the crash
385
00:24:32,300 --> 00:24:34,300
that starts the Great Depression
386
00:24:34,766 --> 00:24:38,899
a calamity that hurts millions of ordinary Americans
387
00:24:39,533 --> 00:24:40,966
but for the super rich
388
00:24:41,166 --> 00:24:44,199
the depression is not a barrier to ambition
389
00:24:45,966 --> 00:24:48,099
May 17th, 1930
390
00:24:48,100 --> 00:24:49,400
Midtown Manhattan
391
00:24:51,166 --> 00:24:53,099
construction starts on a project
392
00:24:53,100 --> 00:24:56,100
that will lift the spirits of a city in crisis
393
00:24:59,966 --> 00:25:02,199
Rockefeller junior uses his own money
394
00:25:02,200 --> 00:25:04,433
on his biggest business project
395
00:25:06,300 --> 00:25:07,666
Rockefeller Center
396
00:25:08,466 --> 00:25:10,466
a city within a city
397
00:25:12,100 --> 00:25:16,000
with a price tag of $250 million
398
00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:19,900
over 2 billion in today's money
399
00:25:27,466 --> 00:25:31,833
an investment that provides 40,000 jobs for New Yorkers
400
00:25:31,900 --> 00:25:35,266
at a time when one in four people are out of work
401
00:25:36,166 --> 00:25:40,499
this film made by architect Walter Harrington Killam Jr
402
00:25:40,700 --> 00:25:43,566
shows vertigo inducing building practices
403
00:25:43,600 --> 00:25:45,833
unrestrained by safety rules
404
00:25:51,333 --> 00:25:54,699
the centerpiece of the development is the 70 story
405
00:25:54,700 --> 00:25:56,300
Art Deco skyscraper
406
00:25:56,333 --> 00:25:58,066
30 Rockefeller Plaza
407
00:25:58,666 --> 00:26:01,599
popularly known as 30 Rock
408
00:26:04,700 --> 00:26:07,500
December 27th, 1932
409
00:26:08,200 --> 00:26:12,033
the complex's first building Radio City Music Hall
410
00:26:12,066 --> 00:26:14,166
a New York icon to this day
411
00:26:14,400 --> 00:26:17,566
opens with a lavish performance by the Roxyettes
412
00:26:17,933 --> 00:26:20,466
later known as the Rockettes
413
00:26:24,800 --> 00:26:26,933
while the Rockefellers burnish their fame
414
00:26:26,933 --> 00:26:28,699
with their Manhattan towers
415
00:26:28,800 --> 00:26:30,666
some of their fellow magnets
416
00:26:30,733 --> 00:26:32,599
choose to escape the depression
417
00:26:34,500 --> 00:26:38,066
William Vanderbilt the second and his wife Rosamund
418
00:26:38,200 --> 00:26:43,633
spend their millions on a world cruise
419
00:26:49,900 --> 00:26:54,433
264 feet long and luxuriously appointed
420
00:26:54,766 --> 00:26:58,699
their ship the Alva is the original super yacht
421
00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:01,400
with a crew of 50
422
00:27:01,400 --> 00:27:03,933
they collect specimens for a marine museum
423
00:27:03,933 --> 00:27:06,566
on the grounds of their Long Island mansion
424
00:27:08,600 --> 00:27:11,066
a crew of nine films The Journey
425
00:27:13,400 --> 00:27:16,000
Polynesians and Australian Aborigines
426
00:27:16,000 --> 00:27:19,066
treat these Americans as visiting royalty
427
00:27:22,933 --> 00:27:24,966
originally screened for charity
428
00:27:25,133 --> 00:27:28,199
a 1932 commercial release in New York
429
00:27:28,266 --> 00:27:31,599
gives the public a glimpse of the elite at play
430
00:27:35,966 --> 00:27:39,233
but some American royals work for their subjects
431
00:27:40,066 --> 00:27:42,399
while the Vanderbilts tour the world
432
00:27:42,533 --> 00:27:46,433
Franklin Delano Roosevelt campaigns for the presidency
433
00:27:48,533 --> 00:27:53,366
to report America to its own people
434
00:27:56,733 --> 00:27:58,699
one of his big financial backers
435
00:27:58,966 --> 00:28:00,033
Joe Kennedy
436
00:28:00,933 --> 00:28:03,266
a 25 thousand dollar donation
437
00:28:03,500 --> 00:28:05,900
and a loan of a further 50 thousand
438
00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:08,633
secures him a seat on the campaign train
439
00:28:10,400 --> 00:28:13,700
FDR is victorious and rewards Kennedy
440
00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:15,100
appointing him
441
00:28:15,100 --> 00:28:17,500
head of the Securities and Exchange Commission
442
00:28:19,533 --> 00:28:20,433
his mission
443
00:28:20,600 --> 00:28:24,100
to crack down on the same shady stock market tactics
444
00:28:24,100 --> 00:28:26,366
that earned him millions
445
00:28:28,866 --> 00:28:31,166
while Joe cleans up Wall Street
446
00:28:31,400 --> 00:28:33,133
his sons are being groomed at
447
00:28:33,133 --> 00:28:37,899
one of America's most prestigious universities Harvard
448
00:28:41,200 --> 00:28:45,433
by 1934 four presidents have been educated here
449
00:28:45,533 --> 00:28:47,599
including both Roosevelts
450
00:28:48,933 --> 00:28:50,399
Joe Kennedy junior
451
00:28:50,500 --> 00:28:54,566
Jack Bobby and Teddy all become Harvard men
452
00:28:57,166 --> 00:28:59,833
a confetti fight celebrates graduation
453
00:28:59,933 --> 00:29:02,499
from a place where powerful networks
454
00:29:02,500 --> 00:29:05,066
that last a lifetime are born
455
00:29:08,600 --> 00:29:10,900
Summer 1934
456
00:29:11,933 --> 00:29:15,499
FDR takes time out to watch the Harvard Yale Regatta
457
00:29:17,666 --> 00:29:19,566
Nineteen year old Franklin Jr
458
00:29:19,566 --> 00:29:23,099
a talented athlete rose for Harvard's freshman team
459
00:29:25,800 --> 00:29:28,000
as they pose here before the race
460
00:29:28,100 --> 00:29:29,966
he's forth from the right
461
00:29:38,133 --> 00:29:40,666
president waving happily from the referees board
462
00:29:40,666 --> 00:29:41,866
to just an eager father
463
00:29:41,866 --> 00:29:43,166
today getting a big thrill
464
00:29:43,166 --> 00:29:45,333
as the Harvard crew makes a desperate spurt
465
00:29:45,333 --> 00:29:46,133
for the league
466
00:29:46,800 --> 00:29:48,100
Harvard loses
467
00:29:48,400 --> 00:29:51,400
but Roosevelt's love of boating doesn't falter
468
00:29:56,733 --> 00:30:00,066
ships bring the American aristocracy together
469
00:30:00,900 --> 00:30:03,000
in September 1934
470
00:30:03,166 --> 00:30:06,799
FDR joins distant relative William Vincent Astor
471
00:30:06,900 --> 00:30:08,666
to watch the Americas Cup
472
00:30:12,733 --> 00:30:13,899
one of the Vanderbilts
473
00:30:13,900 --> 00:30:18,900
Harold is racing his yacht the Rainbow against endeavor
474
00:30:19,133 --> 00:30:22,966
owned by British aviation pioneer Thomas Supwith
475
00:30:26,100 --> 00:30:28,233
a friendly pre race face off
476
00:30:28,333 --> 00:30:31,299
see sharp suited Vanderbilt and his rival
477
00:30:31,366 --> 00:30:32,333
trade compliments
478
00:30:32,333 --> 00:30:35,499
I'd like to tell you how much we've all been admiring
479
00:30:35,500 --> 00:30:36,800
your beautiful rainbow
480
00:30:36,800 --> 00:30:39,066
and the way you and your school have been handling
481
00:30:39,600 --> 00:30:42,633
we feel precisely the same way in regards to endeavor
482
00:30:43,500 --> 00:30:47,166
FDR and Aster see Vanderbilt secure the victory
483
00:30:48,166 --> 00:30:51,399
but while cameras capture a Vanderbilt triumph at sea
484
00:30:52,133 --> 00:30:53,266
in New York
485
00:30:53,533 --> 00:30:56,399
the family runs into much choppier waters
486
00:30:57,533 --> 00:31:00,899
a sensational public trial is laying
487
00:31:00,900 --> 00:31:03,000
their private lives bear
488
00:31:07,400 --> 00:31:11,666
1934 Ten year old Gloria Vanderbilt
489
00:31:11,666 --> 00:31:14,099
is the most famous heiress in America
490
00:31:15,933 --> 00:31:16,966
in New York
491
00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:19,700
she's the subject of a taudry custody battle
492
00:31:19,766 --> 00:31:22,266
between her inattentive young widowed mother
493
00:31:22,333 --> 00:31:23,466
Gloria Morgan
494
00:31:25,066 --> 00:31:28,066
and her blue blood aunt Gertrude Whitney
495
00:31:31,866 --> 00:31:35,666
Gloria Morgan's self indulgent lifestyle is laid bare
496
00:31:35,800 --> 00:31:38,300
in court and in the press
497
00:31:39,533 --> 00:31:41,366
and she is sensationally accused
498
00:31:41,366 --> 00:31:43,899
of romantic interest in women
499
00:31:47,866 --> 00:31:50,166
William Randolph Hearst snooze reels
500
00:31:50,166 --> 00:31:53,033
show captivated crowds outside the court
501
00:31:53,700 --> 00:31:56,566
and his cameras hound little Gloria
502
00:32:07,166 --> 00:32:10,166
after seven weeks of dramatic testimony
503
00:32:10,366 --> 00:32:13,666
the judge awards custody to Ant Gertrude
504
00:32:17,700 --> 00:32:18,766
years later
505
00:32:18,766 --> 00:32:21,266
young Gloria gains fame once again
506
00:32:21,500 --> 00:32:24,166
as a model and fashion designer
507
00:32:25,400 --> 00:32:26,700
stories like hers
508
00:32:26,700 --> 00:32:29,800
enthrall the 69 million Americans a week
509
00:32:29,966 --> 00:32:32,066
who are now flocking to newsreels
510
00:32:33,000 --> 00:32:36,066
even more read the gossip in Hearst newspapers
511
00:32:36,933 --> 00:32:39,433
the private lives of the rich and powerful
512
00:32:39,700 --> 00:32:41,466
are now fair game
513
00:32:47,166 --> 00:32:50,699
it's 1935 and President Roosevelt
514
00:32:50,700 --> 00:32:52,233
halfway through his term
515
00:32:52,300 --> 00:32:54,200
has been fighting for the ordinary folks
516
00:32:54,200 --> 00:32:55,800
stung by the depression
517
00:32:57,733 --> 00:32:59,366
people crowd to see him
518
00:33:00,133 --> 00:33:02,233
he is a beloved president
519
00:33:04,300 --> 00:33:07,300
sharing the spotlight his wife Eleanor
520
00:33:09,066 --> 00:33:12,699
everything Helena Roosevelt says and does becomes new
521
00:33:13,566 --> 00:33:15,066
true to her prediction
522
00:33:15,200 --> 00:33:17,633
her personal life is no longer her own
523
00:33:19,900 --> 00:33:22,300
she knows publicity can be powerful
524
00:33:22,566 --> 00:33:25,199
so she opens her public life to the cameras
525
00:33:25,333 --> 00:33:27,599
as she supports progressive causes
526
00:33:28,766 --> 00:33:30,766
models the latest fashions
527
00:33:32,100 --> 00:33:35,766
and square dances with minors in West Virginia
528
00:33:38,366 --> 00:33:41,633
America has fallen in love with the First Family
529
00:33:42,600 --> 00:33:46,233
the Rooseveltes are American royalty wealthy
530
00:33:46,366 --> 00:33:48,699
powerful and glamorous
531
00:33:51,333 --> 00:33:54,999
and it's no surprise that in November 1936
532
00:33:55,200 --> 00:33:57,433
Roosevelt wins a second term
533
00:34:03,366 --> 00:34:04,799
seven months later
534
00:34:04,900 --> 00:34:08,966
22 year old FDR junior marries Ethel Dupont
535
00:34:15,900 --> 00:34:19,066
she's the granddaughter of explosives tycoon
536
00:34:19,200 --> 00:34:24,566
Eugene Dupont and heiress to an estimated $5 billion
537
00:34:25,733 --> 00:34:26,766
the happy occasion
538
00:34:26,766 --> 00:34:29,599
is more than just a joining of wealthy families
539
00:34:30,100 --> 00:34:33,066
it's America's equivalent of a royal wedding
540
00:34:33,266 --> 00:34:36,199
a bonanza for the press and the public
541
00:34:41,066 --> 00:34:43,266
and Americans are still entranced
542
00:34:43,333 --> 00:34:45,066
by the first of the royals
543
00:34:46,666 --> 00:34:48,566
John D Rockefeller SR
544
00:34:48,666 --> 00:34:51,899
now in his late 80s is a news real favourite
545
00:34:53,266 --> 00:34:56,833
audiences see him celebrate his 90th birthday in style
546
00:35:00,966 --> 00:35:06,366
he dies in 1937 two years short of 100
547
00:35:08,800 --> 00:35:10,666
once hated as a robber baron
548
00:35:11,000 --> 00:35:15,300
at his death he is the embodiment of selfless charity
549
00:35:15,733 --> 00:35:17,133
he passes into history
550
00:35:17,133 --> 00:35:19,766
as the greatest philanthropist of all time
551
00:35:19,766 --> 00:35:23,033
a man who gave away $530 million
552
00:35:27,066 --> 00:35:31,266
in 1938 one year after Rockefeller's death
553
00:35:31,700 --> 00:35:34,066
Joseph Kennedy moves up in politics
554
00:35:36,700 --> 00:35:39,600
FDR appoints him ambassador to Britain
555
00:35:40,733 --> 00:35:42,966
it's the job that this son of an Irish
556
00:35:42,966 --> 00:35:45,999
Catholic immigrant has most long for
557
00:35:46,900 --> 00:35:49,500
I'm looking forward with great anticipation
558
00:35:50,100 --> 00:35:51,666
taking up my duties here
559
00:35:52,700 --> 00:35:54,066
the father of nine
560
00:35:54,166 --> 00:35:56,399
he's joined by his wife and children
561
00:35:56,933 --> 00:35:59,199
Ted the youngest is 6
562
00:35:59,200 --> 00:36:00,266
don't get him excited
563
00:36:00,266 --> 00:36:02,766
this is my first trip to Europe and I was very excited
564
00:36:02,766 --> 00:36:04,666
I couldn't even sleep last night
565
00:36:06,466 --> 00:36:09,099
the Kennedys mixed with British high society
566
00:36:11,100 --> 00:36:12,066
the king and queen
567
00:36:12,066 --> 00:36:14,199
attend the dinner at the American Embassy
568
00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:19,666
and Joe's wife rose and daughters Kathleen and Rosemary
569
00:36:19,800 --> 00:36:21,800
are presented at the Royal Court
570
00:36:24,100 --> 00:36:27,166
the Kennedy women attend the Debutantes Ball
571
00:36:27,266 --> 00:36:29,966
with aristocracy and royalty
572
00:36:33,133 --> 00:36:34,499
the ambassador himself
573
00:36:34,500 --> 00:36:36,466
as tensions rise in Europe
574
00:36:36,566 --> 00:36:40,366
thinks the way to avoid war is to appease Hitler
575
00:36:40,366 --> 00:36:43,033
I've been asked by the newspaper man this afternoon
576
00:36:43,266 --> 00:36:45,966
but the chances were of appeasement
577
00:36:46,500 --> 00:36:48,566
I said I didn't know what they were
578
00:36:48,866 --> 00:36:50,966
but they certainly were worth trying
579
00:36:51,666 --> 00:36:56,099
a furious FDR disagrees and summons him back to the US
580
00:36:56,266 --> 00:36:58,699
with orders to keep his mouth shut
581
00:37:00,366 --> 00:37:03,399
Kennedy's 1940 farewell to the British people
582
00:37:03,400 --> 00:37:06,666
is delivered after bombs start falling on London
583
00:37:06,666 --> 00:37:08,433
it's been a tough two months
584
00:37:09,733 --> 00:37:14,399
you have faced it day and night with plenty of courage
585
00:37:15,400 --> 00:37:18,500
faced it with your chins up and with a grin
586
00:37:18,766 --> 00:37:20,699
my hat's off to you
587
00:37:21,533 --> 00:37:24,466
Kennedy's political views have cost him his job
588
00:37:25,000 --> 00:37:27,833
but he is not alone in his aversion to war
589
00:37:29,600 --> 00:37:32,466
William Randolph Hearst once eyed the presidency
590
00:37:33,066 --> 00:37:34,933
now he uses his media power
591
00:37:34,933 --> 00:37:37,999
to support a policy of America First
592
00:37:39,400 --> 00:37:41,266
I have the honor to present to
593
00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:45,166
the greatest living American of the hour
594
00:37:45,266 --> 00:37:46,999
William Randolph
595
00:37:50,333 --> 00:37:52,899
Hearst Hirst believes in staying out of war
596
00:37:53,200 --> 00:37:55,266
and bitterly opposes FDR
597
00:37:57,333 --> 00:38:00,199
but the aging publishers grip on public opinion
598
00:38:00,200 --> 00:38:01,600
is starting to slip
599
00:38:04,700 --> 00:38:07,000
May 1st, 1941
600
00:38:07,566 --> 00:38:09,566
the premiere of Citizen Kane
601
00:38:09,566 --> 00:38:11,999
at New York's RKO Palace Theatre
602
00:38:13,500 --> 00:38:15,600
the movie is Orson Wells
603
00:38:15,600 --> 00:38:18,633
unflattering story of a newspaper tycoon
604
00:38:19,500 --> 00:38:21,466
a character based on Hurst
605
00:38:22,533 --> 00:38:25,166
Wells is all smiles at his premiere
606
00:38:26,366 --> 00:38:30,166
but the 78 year old Hearst fights back in bare knuckle
607
00:38:30,166 --> 00:38:31,499
tabloid style
608
00:38:32,000 --> 00:38:35,600
a threat to expose family gossip leads John D
609
00:38:35,600 --> 00:38:36,966
Rockefeller Jr
610
00:38:37,066 --> 00:38:40,166
to cancel the planned opening at his Radio City
611
00:38:41,800 --> 00:38:46,400
and soon Citizen Kane is tanking at the box office
612
00:38:49,766 --> 00:38:53,433
FDR leads the nation to war
613
00:38:54,866 --> 00:38:58,499
with confidence in our armed forces
614
00:38:59,200 --> 00:39:04,000
with the unbounding determination of our people
615
00:39:04,766 --> 00:39:10,866
we will gain the inevitable triumph so help us god
616
00:39:13,600 --> 00:39:16,666
some wealthy Americans respond patriotically
617
00:39:18,566 --> 00:39:22,066
William Vanderbilt the second is too old to serve
618
00:39:22,200 --> 00:39:24,633
but gives his super yacht to the Navy
619
00:39:27,500 --> 00:39:31,600
the Alva becomes a gunboat USS Plymouth
620
00:39:32,500 --> 00:39:37,666
in 1943 off North Carolina she sunk by a German torpedo
621
00:39:40,366 --> 00:39:42,833
though Joe Kennedy supported appeasement
622
00:39:43,566 --> 00:39:46,999
Joe junior and Jack sign up for service
623
00:39:48,066 --> 00:39:49,066
Air Cadet Joseph P
624
00:39:49,066 --> 00:39:51,833
Kennedy junior report for preliminary training
625
00:39:51,866 --> 00:39:52,933
with other colleagues men
626
00:39:52,933 --> 00:39:54,499
Hugh drive for Navy Wing
627
00:39:55,700 --> 00:39:58,633
Joe junior volunteers for a secret assignment
628
00:40:00,166 --> 00:40:03,399
this footage shows test flights for his mission
629
00:40:05,133 --> 00:40:07,166
he's to parachute from his plane
630
00:40:07,366 --> 00:40:09,833
before the explosive field aircraft
631
00:40:09,866 --> 00:40:12,699
crashes into German V2 rocket sites
632
00:40:14,700 --> 00:40:18,633
this photograph is taken just before his first mission
633
00:40:20,966 --> 00:40:24,633
soon after takeoff on August 12th, 1944
634
00:40:24,933 --> 00:40:28,233
his plane explodes in midair over England
635
00:40:30,066 --> 00:40:32,099
Joseph Kennedy junior is killed
636
00:40:32,333 --> 00:40:35,699
his death the first of a string of tragedies
637
00:40:35,733 --> 00:40:37,466
that will stalk the family
638
00:40:40,700 --> 00:40:41,666
his brother Jack
639
00:40:41,666 --> 00:40:42,833
serving in the Navy
640
00:40:43,266 --> 00:40:46,599
is decorated as a hero for saving 10 of his sailors
641
00:40:46,600 --> 00:40:48,266
when his boat is destroyed
642
00:40:50,100 --> 00:40:53,200
most of the war's horror and its bravery
643
00:40:53,533 --> 00:40:55,833
takes place out of the camera's eye
644
00:40:58,300 --> 00:41:01,066
the daring rescue of one 20 year old pilot
645
00:41:01,066 --> 00:41:02,799
is captured by First Lieutenant
646
00:41:02,800 --> 00:41:04,000
and photographic officer
647
00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:05,066
Bill Edwards
648
00:41:05,066 --> 00:41:06,266
on the submarine
649
00:41:06,300 --> 00:41:07,966
USS Finback
650
00:41:09,566 --> 00:41:10,566
the airman is
651
00:41:10,566 --> 00:41:13,766
the sole survivor of a Japanese attack on his squadron
652
00:41:14,300 --> 00:41:15,666
eight others die
653
00:41:16,733 --> 00:41:21,499
the young pilot is future President George H W Bush
654
00:41:24,900 --> 00:41:26,433
with America's victory
655
00:41:26,866 --> 00:41:29,066
he's part of a new generation
656
00:41:29,300 --> 00:41:31,200
that is about to take power
657
00:41:35,000 --> 00:41:36,733
in the New York nightclubs
658
00:41:36,733 --> 00:41:39,366
in the closing days of World War 2
659
00:41:39,600 --> 00:41:41,300
the good times roll
660
00:41:43,266 --> 00:41:45,999
the store club is one of the top hotspots
661
00:41:47,766 --> 00:41:50,599
the wealthy elite mingle in the club room
662
00:41:55,166 --> 00:42:00,366
FDR junior and Ethel Dupont and war hero JFK
663
00:42:01,300 --> 00:42:04,866
share the night with such notables as Judy Garland
664
00:42:05,766 --> 00:42:07,199
and Frank Sinatra
665
00:42:09,266 --> 00:42:12,799
two more regulars Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz
666
00:42:13,466 --> 00:42:16,166
stars of a wildly popular new medium
667
00:42:21,600 --> 00:42:26,700
in 1950 only 9% of American households own a TV set
668
00:42:27,166 --> 00:42:29,933
by 1954 over half
669
00:42:29,933 --> 00:42:34,199
due no technology has ever spread so fast
670
00:42:36,966 --> 00:42:41,599
in Connecticut Prescott Bush father of George H W Bush
671
00:42:41,733 --> 00:42:45,266
recognizes the advantages of reaching voters at home
672
00:42:47,366 --> 00:42:50,766
in 1952 he runs for the US Senate
673
00:42:51,366 --> 00:42:54,866
and produces one of the first campaign commercials
674
00:42:55,566 --> 00:42:57,933
some of our friends and television audience
675
00:42:57,933 --> 00:43:00,433
have asked if we have any pictures of the family
676
00:43:00,533 --> 00:43:04,866
so here are a few shots that were taken last summer
677
00:43:06,200 --> 00:43:08,300
the candidate uses home movies
678
00:43:08,300 --> 00:43:10,900
to portray a successful family man
679
00:43:11,500 --> 00:43:13,633
who's strong and healthy
680
00:43:14,166 --> 00:43:17,433
and the proud father of a war hero son
681
00:43:18,766 --> 00:43:21,766
I hope all of you have as much fun
682
00:43:22,266 --> 00:43:25,866
and happiness in your family life as we do
683
00:43:26,966 --> 00:43:29,233
push wins the seat
684
00:43:31,900 --> 00:43:34,433
in Massachusetts in 1952
685
00:43:34,666 --> 00:43:36,999
John F Kennedy is elected to the Senate
686
00:43:38,000 --> 00:43:40,100
he marries Jackie a year later
687
00:43:40,500 --> 00:43:42,233
and the young glamour couple
688
00:43:42,400 --> 00:43:44,800
seen here in private home movies
689
00:43:45,133 --> 00:43:48,066
also grasp the political potential of TV
690
00:43:49,733 --> 00:43:51,266
we're going up to Boston
691
00:43:51,700 --> 00:43:54,600
to meet Senator John Kennedy and his bride
692
00:43:55,066 --> 00:43:57,866
one month after their 1953 wedding
693
00:43:58,933 --> 00:44:02,666
JFK and Jackie invite CBS newsman Edward R
694
00:44:02,666 --> 00:44:05,699
Murrow into their home for his interview show
695
00:44:05,900 --> 00:44:07,233
person to person
696
00:44:08,566 --> 00:44:12,566
Kennedy reminds the audience of his heroic war record
697
00:44:12,566 --> 00:44:14,399
is that a model of your PT boat there
698
00:44:14,400 --> 00:44:17,866
yes it is that was made over at the Boston Navy Yard
699
00:44:18,400 --> 00:44:20,000
and they show wedding gifts
700
00:44:20,100 --> 00:44:22,966
like a football from Harvard's athletic department
701
00:44:24,300 --> 00:44:25,333
his Jack's favourite
702
00:44:25,333 --> 00:44:27,766
which is always throwing around this apartment
703
00:44:29,866 --> 00:44:34,233
TV gives politicians a new way to reach the public
704
00:44:36,166 --> 00:44:40,666
while some American royals are rising others decline
705
00:44:43,566 --> 00:44:46,699
William Randolph Hearst dies in 1951
706
00:44:48,200 --> 00:44:48,800
for decades
707
00:44:48,800 --> 00:44:50,000
he shined a spotlight
708
00:44:50,000 --> 00:44:52,766
on those striving for a place in the nation's heart
709
00:44:57,733 --> 00:45:00,999
15 mourners turn out in San Francisco
710
00:45:03,700 --> 00:45:07,566
his five sons follow him as publishers and businessmen
711
00:45:08,500 --> 00:45:11,266
but none captures the public imagination
712
00:45:11,266 --> 00:45:13,999
like the man nicknamed the chief
713
00:45:17,800 --> 00:45:22,000
in 1958 the family donates the majestic Hearst Castle
714
00:45:22,000 --> 00:45:23,633
to the state of California
715
00:45:24,400 --> 00:45:27,400
a quarter million people still visit each year
716
00:45:33,533 --> 00:45:36,833
many of the Vanderbilts continue to live the high life
717
00:45:38,266 --> 00:45:39,299
but with the fortune
718
00:45:39,300 --> 00:45:41,800
scattered among many branches of the family
719
00:45:41,900 --> 00:45:43,566
it's used up fast
720
00:45:44,600 --> 00:45:46,233
the Vanderbilts live on
721
00:45:46,566 --> 00:45:48,966
but most of their money is gone
722
00:45:52,200 --> 00:45:55,033
on January 20th, 1961
723
00:45:55,166 --> 00:45:57,966
John F Kennedy is sworn in as president
724
00:45:58,466 --> 00:46:00,399
the torch has been passed
725
00:46:00,866 --> 00:46:03,233
to a new generation of Americans
726
00:46:05,533 --> 00:46:09,199
JFK's youngest brother Ted fills his Senate seat
727
00:46:10,100 --> 00:46:13,666
which he holds until his death in 2009
728
00:46:14,966 --> 00:46:16,866
nicknamed the Lion of the Senate
729
00:46:16,866 --> 00:46:19,866
he authors over 300 successful bills
730
00:46:20,000 --> 00:46:22,900
and becomes the standard bearer for the Kennedy name
731
00:46:25,166 --> 00:46:28,099
in 1962 glamorous First Lady
732
00:46:28,100 --> 00:46:31,366
Jackie Kennedy invites America into her home
733
00:46:31,966 --> 00:46:33,266
and she gives a tour of her
734
00:46:33,266 --> 00:46:35,666
two million dollar White House renovation
735
00:46:39,533 --> 00:46:43,066
and there is the beautiful Monroe centerpiece
736
00:46:43,333 --> 00:46:46,999
and his flower of fruit baskets and candelabra
737
00:46:47,700 --> 00:46:49,200
the broadcast is considered
738
00:46:49,200 --> 00:46:51,300
the first prime time documentary
739
00:46:51,566 --> 00:46:55,033
ever targeted at a female audience present
740
00:46:55,466 --> 00:46:57,633
what do you think of the changes that she's made
741
00:46:57,800 --> 00:46:58,800
well I think the uh
742
00:46:58,800 --> 00:47:00,066
great effort that she's made
743
00:47:00,066 --> 00:47:01,166
has been to uh
744
00:47:01,800 --> 00:47:04,066
bring us much more intimately in contact
745
00:47:04,066 --> 00:47:06,399
with all the men who lived here when we were founded
746
00:47:06,400 --> 00:47:09,100
there was a king in France
747
00:47:09,100 --> 00:47:10,166
a tsar in Russia
748
00:47:10,166 --> 00:47:11,399
and Emperor P King
749
00:47:11,400 --> 00:47:12,766
all that's been wiped away
750
00:47:12,766 --> 00:47:14,799
and yet this country continues
751
00:47:17,266 --> 00:47:21,399
America doesn't have hereditary kings and Queens
752
00:47:22,200 --> 00:47:25,266
but it has created its own kind of royalty
753
00:47:27,333 --> 00:47:31,233
men and women whose hunger for success and wealth
754
00:47:31,533 --> 00:47:33,099
fascinate the nation
755
00:47:35,400 --> 00:47:38,033
storied families rise and fall
756
00:47:39,600 --> 00:47:41,866
but the power and glamour of the
56129
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