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The family is one of the most
powerful forces in nature.
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Family life is full of wonder...
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00:00:21,215 --> 00:00:22,295
Beauty...
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...and drama.
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For the past four years,
we've been following some
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of the most celebrated
and endangered species on Earth.
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We followed their fortunes
from here on the plains of Zimbabwe,
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to the jungles of India...
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00:01:05,375 --> 00:01:07,295
From the edge of the Sahara...
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...to the frozen wastes of
Antarctica.
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00:01:13,655 --> 00:01:17,653
We join each family at a crucial
moment in their lives
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00:01:17,655 --> 00:01:19,735
when they are battling
against the odds.
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00:01:23,015 --> 00:01:28,935
Fighting for survival
against the elements...
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...and against rivals.
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We've got closer, and filmed
in greater length,
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00:01:43,535 --> 00:01:47,535
and in more detail, than we've ever
tried to do before.
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00:01:51,655 --> 00:01:55,933
In our modern world, ensuring the
survival of the next generation
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is becoming ever more difficult.
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For these families
to win against the odds
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will be their greatest challenge.
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This is Dynasties.
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Senegal, West Africa.
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Home to a remarkable
troupe of chimpanzees.
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It gets so hot and dry here,
it's the very limit of where
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they can survive.
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00:02:54,775 --> 00:02:59,335
This territory is ruled by one
strong and determined leader...
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...an alpha male known as David.
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00:03:19,255 --> 00:03:23,293
His rule gets him
the best of everything.
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(CHIMPANZEES SCREECH)
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But, he can trust no-one.
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He's surrounded by rivals prepared
to kill him for his crown.
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This is a story of power,
politics and the fight for survival.
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David's torn ears are testament
to the many battles he's fought
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and won to protect his
status and his family.
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He has ruled over his
troupe for three years.
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Leaders here don't usually hold
power for much longer than this.
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00:04:55,775 --> 00:05:01,935
And now, as the dry season begins,
David's rivals are gathering again.
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Successful alpha males normally
have many allies to support them.
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But David is alone.
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He has never been more vulnerable.
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In the dry season,
these huge mounds of earth
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are magnets for all 32 chimps
in the group.
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The mounds are full of food,
rich in fat and protein...
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...termites.
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These chimps have learned to use
grass stems
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as tools to fish out the insects.
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As leader, David gets his pick
of the feeding spots.
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00:06:54,775 --> 00:06:59,415
But he is wary, as he must feed
alongside old enemies.
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00:07:03,655 --> 00:07:06,775
He knows two particularly
ambitious rivals.
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David's toes begin to twitch,
a nervous tic he can't conceal.
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This is Jumkin, who has long-sought
the top spot.
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And this, Luthor...
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00:07:43,895 --> 00:07:49,815
...a tempestuous younger male
with an aggressive streak.
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00:08:02,375 --> 00:08:06,173
The troupe is together for the first
time in months and jostling
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for good feeding spots
can easily lead to clashes.
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It's vital that David keeps order,
and defuses the situation.
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All eyes are on him.
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(THEY CALL TO EACH OTHER)
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His display shows he is in control.
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But in chimp society,
strength alone is not enough.
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David must be political
to hold on to power.
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He needs to make an ally.
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This is KL.
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He's strong but grey-bearded
and past the age where he would
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challenge for the role of alpha.
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David makes an approach.
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Grooming builds bonds
of friendship...
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...buying support and giving
benefits in return.
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You scratch my back,
and I'll scratch yours.
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Only time will tell
if this new alliance will pay off.
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Temperatures soar.
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It's already 40 degrees.
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The arid land might seem one giant
sandpit for the infants...
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...but for the adults, existing
tensions are starting to surface.
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And David has his eye on Jumkin.
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Jumkin attacks an elderly female.
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It is a display of his
aspirations for power.
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David can't tolerate this...
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...but KL steps in...
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...and gives Jumkin a sharp lesson.
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(THEY SCREECH)
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It's swiftly followed by one
from David himself.
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With a final, huge
lunge at his rival...
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...Jumkin comes crashing down.
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Together, David and KL are now
a force to be reckoned with.
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Fires destroy three quarters
of the group's territory.
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Much of their food
and shelter has gone.
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00:15:04,975 --> 00:15:10,253
And with temperatures
continuing to rise,
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water is becoming perilously scarce.
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The group must stick
together to survive.
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Gathering in a dried out riverbed,
they use knowledge passed
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down from generation to generation.
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A hidden water source
under the parched earth.
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For David, there is more than just
drought to worry about.
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He can't avoid his rivals.
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KL is proving to be
a loyal ally to David.
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00:16:36,095 --> 00:16:38,815
And David is going to need
him more than ever.
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By rare coincidence,
three of the seven females
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have become sexually
receptive at the same time.
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Their swellings attract
the attention of all the males.
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The females will try to mate
with as many males as possible.
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David must control them all
to ensure he is the one who mates.
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But some of the troupe,
like Luthor, have other ideas.
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(THEY SCREECH)
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All the other males see
this could be their chance.
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00:18:28,255 --> 00:18:31,573
There's never been a more
important moment for David
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to assert his power.
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He makes the first move.
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His rivals respond with their own
display of strength
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and start to close ranks.
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David and KL seemed
to be outnumbered.
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Everything turns to chaos.
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(SCREECHING)
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At some point during the night,
the younger males turned on David.
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The females and their infants come
to his side to support him
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and tend his wounds.
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They can't stay here.
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They and their young need water.
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The whole group move
on to the nearest water hole.
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00:24:12,095 --> 00:24:14,695
Even KL has to leave
David behind.
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00:25:02,175 --> 00:25:05,935
It's a six mile trek
to the next source of water.
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David is left for dead.
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00:25:38,975 --> 00:25:43,093
There is now a power vacuum
at the top
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00:25:43,095 --> 00:25:45,935
and Luthor sees an opportunity.
127
00:26:22,655 --> 00:26:27,375
Creating fear within the group
is one way to become leader.
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00:26:36,335 --> 00:26:39,335
(THEY SCREECH)
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(AGGRESSIVE SCREECHING)
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00:27:22,495 --> 00:27:25,253
He tries to intimidate the group,
but a bid for leadership
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is never instant.
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00:27:29,735 --> 00:27:32,175
He'll have to keep
this up for many days.
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00:28:20,535 --> 00:28:26,373
Friendless and wounded,
David somehow musters the energy
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00:28:26,375 --> 00:28:27,735
to search for food.
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00:28:36,775 --> 00:28:40,815
He has to rejoined the group
before he's exiled for good.
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00:28:46,215 --> 00:28:49,055
But first, he must regain strength.
137
00:28:51,775 --> 00:28:53,095
Time is running out.
138
00:30:05,735 --> 00:30:09,253
Remarkably, one week
after the attack,
139
00:30:09,255 --> 00:30:12,895
David makes the long journey to
find the group.
140
00:30:51,655 --> 00:30:55,615
Luthor, meanwhile, has ramped
up his bid for leadership.
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00:31:11,935 --> 00:31:13,895
David has almost made it...
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...but he's in no fit state to fight.
143
00:31:26,335 --> 00:31:28,255
Luthor spots David's approach...
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...and readies himself for battle.
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00:31:46,855 --> 00:31:52,333
David's only chance against Luthor
is to make himself look
146
00:31:52,335 --> 00:31:53,935
as strong as possible.
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00:32:06,015 --> 00:32:08,095
(SCREECHING)
148
00:32:18,295 --> 00:32:19,895
(THEY CONTINUE TO SCREECH)
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00:32:27,735 --> 00:32:31,335
Intimidated, Luthor has to run.
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00:32:37,335 --> 00:32:42,055
Without a blow being
struck, David is back!
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00:33:16,775 --> 00:33:21,535
David is finally reunited
with his comrade, KL.
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Grooming each other reaffirms
their bonds of friendship.
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00:34:47,695 --> 00:34:51,615
For David, returning
is only half the battle.
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Exhausted and fragile,
he's only hanging on to his
155
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leadership by a thread.
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Luthor appears defeated.
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With a submissive gesture,
he seeks forgiveness from David.
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But David is unwilling to accept.
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00:36:21,375 --> 00:36:25,455
Over the following weeks,
Luthor finds himself sidelined.
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The other males now
gather around David.
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And Luthor has no choice
but to step in line.
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David has his group
around him once more,
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but he doesn't show them
how weakened he really is.
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His injuries haven't healed
and the males could turn on him
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again at any moment.
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For now, he seems
to be fooling them all.
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He's buying himself time
to regain his strength
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before another female
comes into season
169
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when he will face
competition once again.
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(THUNDER ROARS)
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At last, rain-filled clouds bring
an end to the drought.
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David's territory is transformed.
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There is water everywhere
and a glut of food.
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The pressure on the group is lifted.
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Everyone can relax a little
after months of hardship.
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David's strength appears
to be returning.
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His displays in front of the group
become ever more assertive.
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But in truth, he remains weaker
than he lets on to the others.
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Whenever possible, he disappears to
gather extra food.
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He gorges on everything
he can find...
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...fruit...
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...leaves...
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...even ants.
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He's almost back to full health.
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But that alone might still
not be enough for him
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to hold on to power.
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Soon, another female
will be ready to mate.
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Last time, one ally
was not enough for David.
189
00:42:56,335 --> 00:42:58,415
He tries a new strategy.
190
00:43:10,375 --> 00:43:13,255
He starts grooming other males.
191
00:43:22,415 --> 00:43:23,455
First one...
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...then another.
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00:43:48,015 --> 00:43:51,853
Slowly, over weeks,
he surrounds himself
194
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with a band of allies.
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00:44:00,935 --> 00:44:03,295
An army of elders...
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00:44:04,655 --> 00:44:08,695
...experienced fighters, but too old
to steal his crown.
197
00:44:14,655 --> 00:44:17,733
Now, he must wait and see
if he's done enough
198
00:44:17,735 --> 00:44:21,455
to prevent a recurrence of
dissent in the ranks.
199
00:44:31,215 --> 00:44:34,215
Sure enough, a female
has come into season.
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00:44:39,975 --> 00:44:42,495
Her swelling doesn't go unnoticed.
201
00:44:58,855 --> 00:45:01,655
Last time, David was vulnerable.
202
00:45:22,575 --> 00:45:24,935
This time, he has allies...
203
00:45:28,775 --> 00:45:31,453
(SCREECHING)
204
00:45:31,455 --> 00:45:34,175
...prepared to charge ahead
and clear his path.
205
00:45:46,135 --> 00:45:50,095
Displaying his strength reminds
rivals to stay away.
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00:46:12,975 --> 00:46:16,733
If David has fully secured
his position as Alpha,
207
00:46:16,735 --> 00:46:19,055
he will be the one who
mates with the female.
208
00:46:29,535 --> 00:46:30,975
She catches his eye.
209
00:46:45,095 --> 00:46:50,013
With a number of allies positioned
throughout the group,
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00:46:50,015 --> 00:46:52,175
none of his rivals
dare to challenge him.
211
00:46:55,255 --> 00:46:58,375
This is David's time to mate.
212
00:47:58,975 --> 00:48:00,415
Nine months later...
213
00:48:15,135 --> 00:48:17,135
...a new baby boy!
214
00:48:20,375 --> 00:48:23,655
David's reward for
maintaining power.
215
00:48:32,935 --> 00:48:37,375
His rule and the future
of his dynasty is secure.
216
00:48:47,375 --> 00:48:50,613
By being Alpha, David
will have sired
217
00:48:50,615 --> 00:48:54,495
twice as many offspring as any other
member of the group.
218
00:48:58,575 --> 00:49:03,093
And one day, one of his sons
might just have what it takes
219
00:49:03,095 --> 00:49:04,895
to be a future leader.
220
00:49:15,895 --> 00:49:20,213
David has become the most powerful,
longest reigning alpha,
221
00:49:20,215 --> 00:49:22,575
this group has ever seen.
222
00:49:25,855 --> 00:49:32,533
But there will always be another dry
season, and there will always be
223
00:49:32,535 --> 00:49:35,895
rivals waiting for their chance.
224
00:49:56,455 --> 00:50:00,213
The Dynasties crew spent two
years capturing the story
225
00:50:00,215 --> 00:50:01,935
of these chimpanzees.
226
00:50:08,695 --> 00:50:11,135
This is how every day begins.
227
00:50:15,295 --> 00:50:19,053
Walking over 1,500 miles...
228
00:50:19,055 --> 00:50:21,295
You know it's steep when the chimps
are being careful.
229
00:50:25,455 --> 00:50:32,373
...carrying around 80 kilos each day
in some of the hottest
230
00:50:32,375 --> 00:50:35,295
temperatures on Earth.
231
00:50:38,775 --> 00:50:41,375
It's got to be 46,
47 degrees right now.
232
00:50:43,935 --> 00:50:48,453
I think it's fair to say filming
a blazing fire,
233
00:50:48,455 --> 00:50:52,613
when it's 40 degrees wasn't
probably my best idea.
234
00:50:52,615 --> 00:50:54,373
(BEES BUZZING)
235
00:50:54,375 --> 00:50:57,733
It's crazy, it's the second time
we've had to run away
236
00:50:57,735 --> 00:51:00,053
from bees this morning.
237
00:51:00,055 --> 00:51:03,053
I got stung, and as
you might be able to tell,
238
00:51:03,055 --> 00:51:05,535
it's swollen up a little bit.
239
00:51:07,655 --> 00:51:09,135
Oh, my God.
240
00:51:13,975 --> 00:51:15,573
How stuck is it?
241
00:51:15,575 --> 00:51:16,895
It's pretty stuck.
242
00:51:18,655 --> 00:51:21,533
But the hardest challenge
of all is understanding
243
00:51:21,535 --> 00:51:25,253
the complexities of
the lives of these chimps.
244
00:51:25,255 --> 00:51:28,613
This is only possible thanks
to scientist Jill Pruetz
245
00:51:28,615 --> 00:51:34,013
and her team, who have been studying
this troupe for nearly 20 years.
246
00:51:34,015 --> 00:51:38,133
One of the reasons I think
I like to have people see the chimps
247
00:51:38,135 --> 00:51:40,973
is, it is almost like a soap opera.
248
00:51:40,975 --> 00:51:45,653
It really is this social group
that is not that different
249
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from humans. So you have
relationships change
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and you have
different personalities.
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Jill's insights helped the team get
to know all the different characters
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she has given names
to over the years.
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But right from the start,
one chimp named David,
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grabs everyone's attention.
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We've only been here a few days
but immediately David stood out.
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He's really recognisable.
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He's a bit of a game player,
but also he's often on his own.
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He's very, very charismatic.
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He's got a real kind
of swagger to him.
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He reminds me of Marlon Brando,
actually, he's got this real kind
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of presence to him.
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David is one of my favourite chimps.
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I maybe a little biased,
I think he's quite clever.
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I think of him as a very strong,
you know, strong willed chimp,
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a very dominant chimp
and he was very ambitious
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when he first became a young adult,
and he rose up the hierarchy
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really quickly for his age.
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So he became alpha, actually,
when he was a teenager.
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He's constantly having to fend off
challenges from other younger males.
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And it just goes to show
it's tough being alpha.
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It's tough being at the top.
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After following David
for so many months,
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he seems almost like
family to the crew.
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So when he's violently
attacked its a real shock.
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Coming out this morning,
it's sort of heartbreaking to see
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this chimp that was so powerful...
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...just looking so weak.
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Oh, he doesn't look good,
he's covered in flies.
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And he's looking, looking
really bad, actually.
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It's like a frail old man, suddenly.
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Like he's ready to die, almost.
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The following day
their concerns deepen.
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We arrived at 5am and leave not
been able to find any of the chimps.
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So we've no idea what condition
David's in,
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and he's in a bad way already.
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We wish him luck.
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I'm sort of worried
about him, and his state.
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I just really hope he's OK.
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So we're still looking.
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They check the remote camera
at the water hole,
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where they hope David might have
gone to drink.
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I've just gone from the beginning...
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...and it looks like David hasn't
been to drink here.
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Michelle has just found some tracks.
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00:55:16,615 --> 00:55:19,253
How he finds these things
I don't know, but there's a chance
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we might catch up with him.
Good find, let's go.
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Luckily, the tracks
do indeed lead to David.
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We've been really worried
with the extent of his injuries,
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we didn't know if he was alive,
or if he was ever coming back.
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He came right back in and maintained
that alpha status.
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David has been alpha for almost
double what we've seen
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with other alphas.
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He's been challenged a few times,
but he's been able to hold on.
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00:56:02,695 --> 00:56:07,813
We saw him, not only nearly
lose his position in the hierarchy,
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but we saw him nearly lose his life.
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00:56:09,975 --> 00:56:13,533
The injuries he sustained
in the last coup,
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would have been enough to kill me.
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David has been able to overcome
the many challenges
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that have come from within,
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but there's a greater threat that he
and his group face.
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In Senegal right now, I'd say the
main threat to chimpanzees
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is the gold rush, which just
obliterates huge areas.
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Less than a decade ago,
the prices of gold rose,
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and people have intensified gold
mining, so that really has increased
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00:56:43,575 --> 00:56:45,455
the number of people here.
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Chimps here have lived alongside
people for thousands of years.
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David's group has so far adapted
to life alongside humans
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in a remarkable way.
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But, with such demand
for these minerals,
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and ever more people searching
for gold in this region,
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habitat destruction and poaching
is inevitable.
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You know, there's not
that many chimpanzees left.
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The West African chimp
here in Senegal,
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and in west Africa in general, has
been upgraded
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00:57:22,135 --> 00:57:26,853
to critically endangered
because so many have been lost.
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In Senegal, the number
of chimpanzees is now
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00:57:29,975 --> 00:57:31,575
just in the hundreds.
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00:57:34,775 --> 00:57:41,213
In the last 25 years,
80% of Western chimpanzees
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have disappeared.
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And in the future,
studies like Jill's
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00:57:45,535 --> 00:57:49,253
will become increasingly important
to help conservationists
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00:57:49,255 --> 00:57:53,933
and local governments protect
the surviving chimpanzees,
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00:57:53,935 --> 00:57:57,655
not only in Senegal,
but across the whole of Africa.
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Next time...
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A dynasty of thousands.
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00:58:10,175 --> 00:58:15,213
A great march into the frozen wastes
of Antarctica,
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00:58:15,215 --> 00:58:18,975
to face the coldest and
cruellest winter on earth.
338
00:58:28,249 --> 00:58:33,249
338
00:58:34,305 --> 00:58:40,371
27346
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