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Zulu
[Music]
[Music]
all right
[Music]
[Music]
this is the novice three
an imaginary ship that can take you
anywhere in the Milky Way
maiden voyage will take you on a tour of
the wildest planets we have yet
discovered
worlds of burning ice
planets hotter than Stars
with clouds made of metal
[Music]
zombie worlds born From the Ashes of
dead ones
and hundreds of billions more are
waiting for us in our galaxy alone
these worlds will give us a glimpse into
how deep Nature's imagination goes
and create a map for future Pioneers who
might one day plant their flags on
landscapes we can hardly imagine
foreign
[Music]
as our journey to new worlds begins we
set sail for the closest Alien Planet 40
trillion kilometers away
[Music]
but the long road to our Cosmic neighbor
is paved with strange sights of its own
just an orbit of Neptune we slip into a
No Man's Land of icy Cosmic debris that
surrounds our solar system
paper belt
[Music]
this massive disc of Frozen material
contains hundreds of millions of icy
scraps
leftovers from the formation of our
solar system
out here
among the scattered bits of rock and Ice
live something strange
how Maya
a tumbling dwarf planet shaped like an
egg
foreign
Two Moons in an icy ring this bizarre
pluto-sized world is the fastest
spinning object in our solar system
[Music]
splashed across its surface is a
mysterious red spot
possibly a scar from a recent impact
and how Maya is not alone
there's a whole Eccentric Family of many
worlds lurking out here
dwarf planets like makeemake
and gong gong a red tinted mini Pluto
with a thin atmosphere of methane
the Kuiper belt could hold as many as
200 dwarf planets
and thousands more could be floating in
the space beyond
foreign
worlds may serve as a cosmic base camp
for Interstellar voyagers
[Music]
a final Outpost still bound to our sun
[Music]
and when we finally outgrow our home
system
the one nearest to Earth will be waiting
Alpha Centauri
in this triple star system a tiny red
dwarf star known as Proxima Centauri
orbits around a pair of sun-like stars
Alpha Centauri A and B
[Music]
as we approach Proxima the closest of
the Stellar Trio were greeted by two
huge dust belts that Circle the star
but further in we come to the real Gem
of this system
welcome to Proxima Centauri B the
closest exoplanet to home
with a mass almost identical to Earth's
and a density that suggests a rocky
composition this distant Earth cousin
orbits right inside its star's habitable
zone
giving it potential to hold liquid water
given how near and similar it is to
Earth perhaps this will be the first
Outpost for mankind around another star
[Music]
visitors could gaze up to see Proxima
Centauri and its two sister Sons
God
and on a clear night
our own son
a distant glimpse of home
[Applause]
but there's still a lot we don't know
about our Cosmic neighbor
star is so volatile that Stellar flares
could shock the planet into a lifeless
state
[Music]
the only way to know for sure is to go
there ourselves
missions are now being proposed that
could reach this system in as little as
20 years
using nanopropes powered by light sales
[Music]
ever touched down on Proxima Centauri B
it will become the site of the most
transformative event in human history
[Music]
foreign
mankind became an Interstellar species
[Music]
as we push farther into space we leave
the familiar behind and come across a
world beyond all human comprehension
gliesa 436b is about as different from
Earth as you can get
orbiting extremely close to its star its
surface is a scorching 438 degrees
Celsius
on a planet this hot you might expect to
find vast Seas of magma
but this neptune-sized world is
something else entirely
[Music]
a world of burning ice
[Music]
its massive gravity compresses water
vapor in the atmosphere into an exotic
form of ice called ice seven
foreign
that the ice can withstand burning
temperatures without evaporating
but the atmosphere is another story
blasted into space by the star's immense
Heat
and as the Starlight pushes on the
escaping gas it leaves behind a
comet-like tail
nine million miles long
[Music]
most planets in the universe will be
hostile to humans
but 39 light years away a tiny red dwarf
star is home to a potential planetary
Oasis
[Applause]
[Music]
trappist-1 system
a family of seven rocky planets huddled
closely around their Sun
these earth-sized worlds orbit so
closely together that the whole system
would fit easily inside the orbit of
Mercury
the inner two are suspected to be
venus-like
searing hot and covered in dense clouds
[Music]
and the outer planet trappist-1 H is
thought to be as cold as the South Pole
foreign
but four of the middle worlds orbit in
the star's habitable zone making this
system a possible Bonanza for life
trappist-1e is one of the single most
promising candidates for habitability
that we know of
and each of these worlds is far older
than Earth
giving potential life forms here a three
billion year Head Start
but this system has a catch
each of the planets are theorized to be
tidally locked with one side stuck
facing their sun and the other side
permanently exposed to the cold void of
space
temperature extremes could make it hard
for life to find a foothold
but in the right conditions one of these
worlds could hold vast oceans on the
sun-facing side where the star's heat is
just enough for liquid water
[Music]
an eyeball Earth
appearing like a glistening watery Iris
staring into space
[Music]
others could have a habitable strip of
land between dark and Light
the Terminator line
where the temperature is just right
[Music]
a Haven for Life between scorched Earth
and eternal winter
the Trappist planets are now a prime
target of the James Webb Space Telescope
which will gaze into their atmospheres
in search of Bio signatures
if our descendants ever reach this
system
they will look up to see The Sibling
planets decorating the sky
each clinging to the heat of their dim
red star
like campers around a fire
foreign
Beyond
64 light years away lies a world that
looks deceptively peaceful
a world where pasty white clouds float
above Lush deep shades of blue foreign
but as we get closer
this gas giant is anything but friendly
the winds here are the fastest known in
space
25 times faster than the strongest
recorded hurricanes
foreign
and those Cool Blues you saw from space
they're shards of silicate particles as
sharp as glass and they're being blown
sideways across the world with you at
seven times the speed of sound
if that wasn't enough to kill you then
the extreme heat would do the trick
the atmosphere here is so hot that it
can melt solid gold
and that intense heat is causing it to
evaporate at a rate of up to 1.3 billion
pounds a second
on this world from hell
even the sky wants to escape
[Music]
[Music]
as we journey the dark Cosmic highways
400 light years from Earth out of the
darkness comes a truly brilliant sign
[Music]
this newborn Planet might look familiar
at first
but compared to Saturn this massive
world is the true Lord of the Rings
this ring system is 200 times larger
nearly 120 million kilometers wide
almost the distance from the Earth to
the Sun
foreign
[Music]
[Music]
if Saturn's rings were this massive they
would be easily visible at night and
appear far larger than the moon
[Music]
researchers suspect that within a gap in
the Rings there lies a huge Moon bigger
than Mars where the views would resemble
something from an acid trip
over time the surrounding Rings will
condense to form a whole family of moons
possibly hundreds of them
but for now they offer a site unlike any
we've ever seen
evidence that our home solar system has
not prepared us for how varied and
dazzling other systems can be
[Music]
foreign
by some estimates nearly half of All
sun-like Star systems contain more than
one Sun implying billions of Worlds that
are home to Poetic twin sunsets
worlds that orbit not just two or three
but even four stars
[Music]
lands where your body casts multiple
shadows and you can gaze up at sunsets
and sunrises at the same time
foreign
this is an actual image of a three-star
system in the Orion Nebula revealing
massive rings of gas and dust whirling
around a triplet of newborn Stars
and within this Twisted swirl of debris
there's evidence of a hidden planet
carving out a gap in the gas and dust
the first planet known to orbit three
stars at once
[Music]
[Music]
then there are worlds that seem more
like stars themselves than planets
this huge scorching gas giant is tidally
locked to its star with the day side
that reaches a blistering 3000 degrees
Celsius hotter than the surface of some
Stars
dream heat heavy metals are lofted into
the atmosphere from the planet's
interior
as violent winds blow these metals to
the night facing side something
incredible happens
cooler atmosphere particles of iron
magnesium and other heavy elements
condense into clouds made of metal
foreign
huge metallic dust storms could rage
from one hemisphere to the other
unleashing a torrential rain of liquid
gemstones
this isn't the only planet of riches out
there
[Music]
21 light years from Earth this
supermassive rocky planet could be the
ultimate piece of cosmic bling
high concentrations of aluminum and
calcium pressurized under its extreme
atmosphere possibly forming vast
deposits of rubies and sapphires
[Music]
foreign
and scientists believe there could even
be planets of pure diamond out there
[Music]
with its equal ratio of carbon to oxygen
wasp 12b could potentially hold a
Diamond core
[Music]
but even if it does you'd never see it
from space
[Music]
shrouded in dark clouds of methane and
carbon monoxide that trap 94 of light
making it darker than black coal
[Music]
and its proximity to its star is causing
gravity to stretch the planet into the
shape of an egg
[Music]
but this diamond space egg has a death
sentence
its Stars intense gravity is pulling it
towards a fiery Extinction giving it
only three million years to live
[Music]
but for some worlds
death is not the end of the story
when massive stars go supernova the
ensuing blast wipes out any planets in
the vicinity
[Music]
death of one world can sometimes lead to
the birth of another
in the wake of this explosion certain
Stars collapse into rapidly spinning
cores called pulsars
sucking up huge amounts of Stellar
debris
on the Outer Edge can cool and condense
until finally a new world is formed
a zombie planet
built From the Ashes of the Dead
[Music]
foreign
worlds like this are exceedingly rare
but 2300 light years away this
billion-year-old Pulsar is the keeper of
not one but three potential zombie
planets
foreign
the closest Inn is drauger
[Music]
a tiny Rocky World smaller than Mercury
likely strip bare from intense x-ray
radiation
then we come to the first two exoplanets
ever discovered
a pair of zombie super Earths known as
Poltergeist
fobatar
each more than triple the mass of the
Earth
[Music]
soaked in the strobing light of their
dead stars the view from these planets
would be utterly alien
charged particles from the Pulsar would
rain down on the surface which could
light up the night skies with brilliant
auroras
[Music]
drenched in deadly x-rays with no living
star for warmth
it may seem impossible for worlds like
this to sustain life
but on planets with extremely thick
atmospheres those x-rays could convert
into heat supporting liquid water on the
surface
[Music]
and maybe even life
[Music]
know
thriving on a zombie planet
[Music]
exploded star
[Music]
[Music]
as we reach the farthest point in our
journey over 2 000 light years from
Earth
we have still only scratched the surface
of what's out there
[Music]
700 quadrillion other worlds are still
waiting
[Music]
planets that are drenched in light from
the Blazing center of the Galaxy
[Music]
World circling the rims of super massive
black holes
giant water planets with oceans that
reach thousands of kilometers deep
foreign
to visit these far-off lands is a dream
only our descendants can realize
if they ever set foot on alien soil and
feel the heat of new Suns they will
remember us as the first generation to
know these worlds
to study their formation and their
nature
[Music]
and to dream of one day
calling some of them
home
[Music]
[Music]
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foreign
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