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Remote and isolated,
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00:00:41,241 --> 00:00:45,945
the islands of the South Pacific
have a life of their own.
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00:00:52,653 --> 00:00:55,455
Animals have been living
in seclusion for so long,
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00:00:55,556 --> 00:00:59,625
they've evolved in the most curious
and surprising ways.
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00:01:09,503 --> 00:01:12,805
But island living can carry a high price.
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00:01:12,906 --> 00:01:18,845
Recently, some dramatic changes have been
sweeping through these strange islands.
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00:01:31,091 --> 00:01:34,193
At the western limits
of the Pacific Ocean,
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00:01:34,294 --> 00:01:36,629
this is New Guinea,
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00:01:36,730 --> 00:01:39,899
the world's largest tropical island.
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00:01:43,036 --> 00:01:45,905
In these isolated jungles,
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00:01:46,006 --> 00:01:50,143
there are creatures only recently
discovered by Westerners...
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00:01:54,615 --> 00:01:57,717
...and mountains
that they have never visited.
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00:02:03,157 --> 00:02:07,827
This is the home of a mammal
first seen by scientists
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00:02:07,928 --> 00:02:09,929
as recently as 1994.
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00:02:14,601 --> 00:02:17,603
Even the locals rarely see it,
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00:02:17,704 --> 00:02:20,106
and it has never been filmed...
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00:02:20,174 --> 00:02:21,774
until now.
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00:02:23,911 --> 00:02:26,412
It lives in trees, but it's not a monkey.
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00:02:26,513 --> 00:02:30,349
Primates never made the jump
across the water to this island.
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00:02:43,997 --> 00:02:48,467
This is a rare glimpse
of an almost unknown island oddity...
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00:02:51,338 --> 00:02:53,105
...the dingiso.
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00:02:57,444 --> 00:02:59,879
About the size of a Labrador
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00:02:59,980 --> 00:03:04,617
and with bear-like features,
it is - amazingly - a type of kangaroo,
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00:03:04,718 --> 00:03:07,153
a tree kangaroo.
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00:03:10,157 --> 00:03:13,559
It lives at a higher altitude
than any other kangaroo,
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00:03:13,660 --> 00:03:16,262
hence the woolly coat.
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00:03:21,335 --> 00:03:24,470
Kangaroos usually feed on grass,
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00:03:24,571 --> 00:03:27,473
but here on New Guinea,
they've climbed into the trees
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00:03:27,574 --> 00:03:29,642
where the greenery is more abundant.
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00:03:36,683 --> 00:03:38,551
So the dingiso is a kangaroo
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00:03:38,652 --> 00:03:42,355
which lives high in the mountains
and climbs trees -
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00:03:42,456 --> 00:03:47,727
but then islands do have a habit
of producing rather unusual animals.
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00:03:49,763 --> 00:03:51,664
Why?
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00:03:51,765 --> 00:03:54,267
Because islands offer fresh opportunities
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00:03:54,368 --> 00:03:56,736
to the creatures
that find their way there.
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00:03:56,837 --> 00:03:58,838
With no monkeys in New Guinea,
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00:03:58,939 --> 00:04:03,009
the freedom to browse in the trees
has gone to the kangaroos.
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00:04:09,383 --> 00:04:14,687
New Guinea is a vast island nestled close
to the continental landmass of Australia.
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00:04:14,788 --> 00:04:19,325
As we move south and east,
to smaller, more distant islands,
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00:04:19,426 --> 00:04:22,828
the wildlife becomes even more unusual.
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00:04:22,930 --> 00:04:28,834
The little-known island of New Caledonia
is a small sliver of Australia
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00:04:28,936 --> 00:04:32,138
that was cast adrift
over 60 million years ago.
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00:04:38,912 --> 00:04:42,348
It's home to a creature that seems
to have evolved quite strangely.
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00:04:47,754 --> 00:04:50,589
It has wings, but it can't fly.
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It is the kagu.
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00:05:22,622 --> 00:05:24,857
Kagu families stick together,
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with young from previous years
helping to declare the family territory.
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00:05:35,135 --> 00:05:37,903
All intruders are chased away.
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00:05:50,250 --> 00:05:52,018
It's the breeding season,
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00:05:52,119 --> 00:05:56,122
when males rekindle the flame
with their life-long partners.
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00:06:26,586 --> 00:06:28,954
It's hard to know what the kagu
is related to -
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00:06:29,056 --> 00:06:31,424
a heron, a rail,
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00:06:31,525 --> 00:06:33,125
or maybe a pigeon.
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00:06:34,928 --> 00:06:39,065
Its closest relative may actually be
the sunbittern of South America,
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00:06:39,166 --> 00:06:41,967
7,000 miles to the east.
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00:07:02,556 --> 00:07:04,356
She may not seem too impressed,
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00:07:04,458 --> 00:07:09,862
but then, kagus always keep their feet
very firmly on the ground.
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00:07:15,335 --> 00:07:18,237
Their wings are too weak
to get them airborne,
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00:07:18,338 --> 00:07:22,007
but why fly when all the food you need
is on the ground?
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00:07:25,846 --> 00:07:29,548
And with no large predators
stalking this island,
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00:07:29,649 --> 00:07:31,650
there's not much cause to take flight.
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00:07:34,955 --> 00:07:38,290
But this life is not without its worries.
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00:07:38,391 --> 00:07:42,161
A newly hatched chick
is hiding among the leaves.
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00:07:51,972 --> 00:07:57,376
As with babies the world over, getting
food into mouth can be quite a challenge.
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00:08:10,123 --> 00:08:13,125
Perhaps slimy worms just don't appeal.
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00:08:14,995 --> 00:08:19,398
The chick's camouflage helps to hide it
from aerial predators
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00:08:19,499 --> 00:08:21,133
like the New Caledonian crow.
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00:08:22,569 --> 00:08:26,505
Fortunately, Dad's wings
still have a use...
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00:08:28,175 --> 00:08:31,277
...to help him look big
and intimidating.
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00:08:37,651 --> 00:08:39,985
The kagu may be an island oddity,
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00:08:40,086 --> 00:08:44,490
but with few prowling predators
reaching the Pacific's isolated islands,
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00:08:44,591 --> 00:08:48,894
flightless birds are more common here
than anywhere else on Earth.
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00:08:52,966 --> 00:08:54,900
Islands are a topsy-turvy world,
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00:08:55,101 --> 00:08:59,171
where evolution seems to follow
a different set of rules.
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00:08:59,272 --> 00:09:04,176
North of New Caledonia
lies the Solomon Islands archipelago,
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00:09:04,277 --> 00:09:07,479
a scattering
of a thousand tropical islands.
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00:09:13,253 --> 00:09:15,988
For the select few animals
that arrived here,
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00:09:16,089 --> 00:09:20,292
these were brave new worlds,
filled with possibilities.
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00:09:23,396 --> 00:09:26,565
And to make the most
of what they found here,
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00:09:26,666 --> 00:09:29,468
some adopted a whole new way of life.
81
00:09:32,539 --> 00:09:36,275
Among the successful colonists
were skinks -
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00:09:36,376 --> 00:09:40,412
lizards that are usually small
with short legs.
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00:09:41,581 --> 00:09:44,550
Quite a variety live here
in the Solomons,
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00:09:44,651 --> 00:09:49,388
but there is one in these forests that's
unlike any other skink on the planet.
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00:10:11,044 --> 00:10:16,315
The monkey-tailed skink is up to
50 times heavier than your average skink,
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00:10:16,416 --> 00:10:18,884
and is the world's largest.
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00:10:21,388 --> 00:10:25,724
Most skinks spend their lives
on the ground, but not this monster.
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00:10:29,262 --> 00:10:32,798
This is the only skink to possess
a prehensile tail...
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00:10:35,869 --> 00:10:39,371
...and unlike nearly all other skinks
which dine on insects,
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00:10:39,472 --> 00:10:43,108
this gentle giant is entirely vegetarian.
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00:10:48,682 --> 00:10:52,117
As in New Guinea, there are no monkeys
on these islands,
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00:10:52,218 --> 00:10:57,156
so this skink simply filled
the gap in the market and branched out.
93
00:10:59,659 --> 00:11:04,496
It even forms social bonds
with other monkey-tailed skinks,
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00:11:04,597 --> 00:11:08,734
a rare characteristic among reptiles
of any description.
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00:11:08,835 --> 00:11:14,106
This skink may be an oddity,
but that is exactly why it thrives here.
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00:11:14,207 --> 00:11:18,577
For a leaf-eater,
these islands are paradise.
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00:11:18,678 --> 00:11:23,949
For others, though,
life can be a little harder.
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00:11:24,050 --> 00:11:29,188
Islanders only succeed
by making the most of what's around them.
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00:11:29,289 --> 00:11:32,424
Even spiders have their uses.
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00:11:37,697 --> 00:11:40,332
On Santa Catalina Island in the Solomons,
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00:11:40,433 --> 00:11:43,168
a fisherman prepares to go fishing.
102
00:11:48,608 --> 00:11:51,477
He seeks out a particular spider web,
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00:11:51,578 --> 00:11:54,146
one that is strong and intricately spun.
104
00:12:06,259 --> 00:12:11,029
The fish he's after
can't be caught on hooks -
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00:12:11,131 --> 00:12:13,165
their mouths are too narrow.
106
00:12:13,266 --> 00:12:16,268
So he has to be creative.
107
00:12:22,742 --> 00:12:24,977
No rod or reel, just a kite...
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00:12:27,414 --> 00:12:30,482
...and the spider silk, wound into a lure.
109
00:12:44,230 --> 00:12:47,199
The spider-silk lure hangs below the kite,
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00:12:47,300 --> 00:12:49,768
flitting across the water like an insect.
111
00:12:54,073 --> 00:12:58,544
Now he must steer the kite
to where he thinks the fish are gathered.
112
00:12:58,645 --> 00:13:03,015
Somewhere, just beneath the surface,
shoals of needlefish lie in wait.
113
00:13:07,887 --> 00:13:12,658
He keeps a close eye on the kite -
if it drops, a fish is snared.
114
00:13:15,662 --> 00:13:17,463
No hook is needed.
115
00:13:17,564 --> 00:13:24,536
The sharp teeth and rough scales of the
needlefish are tangled in the spider silk.
116
00:13:35,982 --> 00:13:38,016
It's clever, it's effective...
117
00:13:39,752 --> 00:13:43,121
...and many fish can be caught
in this way.
118
00:13:45,692 --> 00:13:49,261
Their ability to adapt
and find food both on land and at sea
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00:13:49,362 --> 00:13:53,532
was crucial to the survival
of the Pacific's first human colonisers.
120
00:13:53,633 --> 00:13:56,502
But it wasn't all plain sailing -
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00:13:56,603 --> 00:13:59,471
the Pacific's more remote islands
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00:13:59,572 --> 00:14:03,342
were some of the last places on Earth
to be discovered by humans.
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00:14:03,443 --> 00:14:07,613
And the island chain of Hawaii
is the remotest of them all.
124
00:14:11,651 --> 00:14:16,121
These islands are so hard to reach
that before humans arrived,
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00:14:16,222 --> 00:14:21,693
only one new species of plant or animal
turned up here every 35,000 years.
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00:14:23,730 --> 00:14:28,567
For those lucky few that made it,
this was a land of milk and honey.
127
00:14:34,440 --> 00:14:39,545
This bird's beak is perfect
for sipping nectar from tubular flowers.
128
00:14:41,648 --> 00:14:43,549
It's an 'i'iwi -
129
00:14:43,650 --> 00:14:46,618
a long-billed honey creeper
only found in Hawaii.
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00:14:46,719 --> 00:14:50,789
But when blown to these shores
four million years ago,
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00:14:50,890 --> 00:14:52,991
its ancestors looked very different.
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00:14:54,994 --> 00:14:58,730
Those first Hawaiian honey creepers
were finch-like,
133
00:14:58,831 --> 00:15:04,169
with short bills, perhaps quite similar
to this modern honey creeper, the palila.
134
00:15:04,270 --> 00:15:08,540
Its stout bill is perfect
for ripping open tough seed pods.
135
00:15:08,641 --> 00:15:12,911
But once here, the honey creepers
made the most of it,
136
00:15:13,012 --> 00:15:16,682
evolving into a variety of birds
with some very distinctive bills.
137
00:15:20,653 --> 00:15:23,922
The Maui parrotbill
has a strong, hooked beak
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00:15:24,023 --> 00:15:26,391
for getting at the grubs inside dead wood.
139
00:15:39,939 --> 00:15:42,441
And then there's the 'akiapola'au,
140
00:15:42,542 --> 00:15:45,644
with one of the most remarkable beaks
of any bird.
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00:15:47,714 --> 00:15:51,316
Its lower mandible is straight
and chisel-like
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00:15:51,417 --> 00:15:53,752
and can puncture the bark
to drink the sap...
143
00:15:56,356 --> 00:16:01,059
...while its upper mandible is long
and curved for winkling out grubs.
144
00:16:01,160 --> 00:16:04,763
It's as close as a bill gets
to a Swiss Army penknife.
145
00:16:05,832 --> 00:16:11,103
Amazingly, one single type of finch
evolved into 58 different species
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00:16:11,204 --> 00:16:15,273
and all because the birds
that normally fill these roles,
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00:16:15,375 --> 00:16:19,878
like hummingbirds and woodpeckers,
never made it to these islands.
148
00:16:26,019 --> 00:16:29,721
Landfall in the Pacific
is a risky business.
149
00:16:29,822 --> 00:16:33,358
Most islands are small,
low and rather uniform,
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00:16:33,459 --> 00:16:37,229
with few lifestyle choices on offer.
151
00:16:37,330 --> 00:16:42,334
But there is an archipelago
that truly bucks the trend.
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00:16:45,405 --> 00:16:51,176
Two of the largest islands in the Pacific
have everything a castaway could dream of.
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00:17:00,253 --> 00:17:04,322
Here lives a greater diversity
of unique island creatures
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00:17:04,424 --> 00:17:07,192
than almost anywhere else
in the South Pacific.
155
00:17:14,834 --> 00:17:21,306
Forested valleys, turbulent rivers
and glacier-topped peaks...
156
00:17:21,407 --> 00:17:23,575
this is New Zealand.
157
00:17:29,816 --> 00:17:33,919
A thousand miles long
and with a mountainous spine
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00:17:34,020 --> 00:17:36,521
rising one-and-a-half miles
above the ocean,
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00:17:36,622 --> 00:17:39,257
New Zealand offered
a world of possibilities
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00:17:39,358 --> 00:17:42,828
to creatures
that found their way here.
161
00:18:46,225 --> 00:18:49,561
On these islands at the end of the world
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00:18:49,662 --> 00:18:52,097
live some unique animals.
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00:18:54,367 --> 00:18:58,737
Alpine parrots, called "kea",
after their calls.
164
00:19:02,241 --> 00:19:04,109
Living higher than any other parrots,
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00:19:04,210 --> 00:19:07,345
these are possibly
the world's most playful birds.
166
00:19:16,689 --> 00:19:21,760
But most of New Zealand's pioneering
creatures were drawn to the forests below.
167
00:19:21,861 --> 00:19:25,597
And here, too, given the strange nature
of life on Pacific islands,
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00:19:25,698 --> 00:19:29,467
it pays to expect the unexpected.
169
00:19:36,843 --> 00:19:39,544
And the last thing
you might expect to see here...
170
00:19:43,216 --> 00:19:45,350
...is penguins.
171
00:19:50,857 --> 00:19:53,925
These are Fiordland crested penguins,
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00:19:54,026 --> 00:19:57,629
named after this corner of south
New Zealand, and their funky hairdo.
173
00:20:15,715 --> 00:20:18,183
They're on their daily trip to the sea.
174
00:20:18,284 --> 00:20:22,754
Despite hanging out in the forest,
they haven't lost their taste for fish.
175
00:20:29,161 --> 00:20:32,230
So why are these woodlands
so attractive to penguins?
176
00:20:34,267 --> 00:20:36,968
Because there are
no large predators here,
177
00:20:37,069 --> 00:20:40,472
it's a safe place for bringing up baby.
178
00:20:53,853 --> 00:20:57,722
A freshwater stream through the forest
makes a handy highway
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00:20:57,823 --> 00:21:01,826
for a parent penguin heading home from
a fishing trip with a crop full of food.
180
00:21:10,002 --> 00:21:13,872
Born in the forest,
they stay in the forest,
181
00:21:13,973 --> 00:21:17,642
while Mum and Dad bring fresh meals
straight from the ocean.
182
00:21:24,617 --> 00:21:28,987
They can hear the waves,
they can even smell the spray,
183
00:21:29,088 --> 00:21:30,822
but they have no idea what it looks like.
184
00:21:30,923 --> 00:21:33,725
These chicks won't have
their first splash in the ocean
185
00:21:33,826 --> 00:21:35,226
until they're three months old,
186
00:21:35,328 --> 00:21:39,331
when they'll finally set off
on their first fishing trip, alone.
187
00:21:43,803 --> 00:21:46,237
1,500 miles from the nearest continent,
188
00:21:46,339 --> 00:21:49,374
New Zealand is beyond
the reach of most mammals.
189
00:21:51,577 --> 00:21:55,880
Marine mammals aside,
the only ones that did succeed,
190
00:21:55,982 --> 00:21:58,350
before humans arrived, had wings.
191
00:22:00,786 --> 00:22:02,287
Bats.
192
00:22:02,388 --> 00:22:04,723
This is the short-tailed bat.
193
00:22:04,824 --> 00:22:08,560
It roosts in tree cavities
and comes out at night to feed.
194
00:22:08,661 --> 00:22:11,229
So far, so normal.
195
00:22:11,330 --> 00:22:14,499
But these bats have been
living the island life far too long
196
00:22:14,600 --> 00:22:17,902
not to have become
a little "different".
197
00:22:18,004 --> 00:22:20,972
And they're not the only ones.
198
00:22:21,073 --> 00:22:27,078
Wetas are primitive relatives
of the locust, but they can't fly.
199
00:22:29,582 --> 00:22:33,718
Seeing an opportunity,
the bats pounced.
200
00:22:35,454 --> 00:22:39,791
After all, why waste energy hawking
for insects in the sky,
201
00:22:39,892 --> 00:22:43,028
when there is such a feast
on the forest floor?
202
00:22:46,132 --> 00:22:50,602
New Zealand's night-time creepy-crawlies
are at the mercy of these bats.
203
00:22:56,242 --> 00:22:58,910
Some try to put up a fight...
204
00:23:02,515 --> 00:23:05,250
...but they're no match
for THIS army of predators.
205
00:23:10,656 --> 00:23:14,459
These bats have special sheaths
that protect their wings,
206
00:23:14,560 --> 00:23:16,928
all the better to burrow
through the leaves.
207
00:23:22,201 --> 00:23:24,202
So even worms aren't safe.
208
00:23:35,114 --> 00:23:37,415
The very first bat
209
00:23:37,516 --> 00:23:41,686
evolved from a mouse-like mammal
many millions of years ago.
210
00:23:41,787 --> 00:23:47,358
Here on New Zealand, it seems
evolution has gone into reverse.
211
00:23:49,395 --> 00:23:52,530
And if New Zealand's bats
have turned to mice,
212
00:23:52,631 --> 00:23:55,633
what on earth has happened to the birds?
213
00:23:57,236 --> 00:23:59,104
In these forests
214
00:23:59,205 --> 00:24:06,344
lives a bird that is about as un-bird-like
as it is possible for a bird to be.
215
00:24:10,916 --> 00:24:15,787
It's nocturnal, though it sometimes
wakes up before sunset.
216
00:24:19,058 --> 00:24:22,494
It has whiskers
so it can feel its way in the dark.
217
00:24:29,068 --> 00:24:34,772
It's a parrot, and weighing up to
four kilos, it's the world's heaviest.
218
00:24:41,247 --> 00:24:44,849
And yes, you've guessed it - it can't fly.
219
00:24:47,853 --> 00:24:50,188
Meet the kakapo.
220
00:24:58,998 --> 00:25:01,866
Too heavy and short-winged
to get airborne,
221
00:25:01,967 --> 00:25:04,369
it climbs trees instead.
222
00:25:17,917 --> 00:25:20,118
Kakapo were once
one of the most successful
223
00:25:20,219 --> 00:25:24,289
and abundant herbivores in New Zealand -
the Kiwi equivalent of our rabbit.
224
00:25:24,390 --> 00:25:29,561
In 1899, explorer Charlie Douglas wrote,
"They could be caught in the moonlight
225
00:25:29,662 --> 00:25:32,397
"by simply shaking the tree or bush
226
00:25:32,498 --> 00:25:35,733
"until they tumbled to the ground...
like shaking down apples."
227
00:25:52,551 --> 00:25:58,323
Its favourite food is up above -
the tiny seeds of the rimu tree.
228
00:25:58,424 --> 00:26:00,558
This fruit fuels kakapo reproduction
229
00:26:00,659 --> 00:26:04,229
and they only breed when the trees
produce a bumper crop,
230
00:26:04,330 --> 00:26:07,065
so about once every four years.
231
00:26:10,202 --> 00:26:13,137
Kakapo breed slower than any other bird,
232
00:26:13,239 --> 00:26:15,573
but they also live longer,
233
00:26:15,674 --> 00:26:19,544
sometimes more than a hundred years.
234
00:26:24,250 --> 00:26:27,685
The male's "song"
is as peculiar as the bird itself.
235
00:26:29,488 --> 00:26:33,758
More frog than parrot,
it can be heard up to three miles away.
236
00:26:35,561 --> 00:26:39,264
In a breeding season, he will boom
non-stop for eight hours every night
237
00:26:39,365 --> 00:26:40,565
for up to three months.
238
00:26:44,169 --> 00:26:49,674
But a female will only respond
if there are plenty of rimu seeds about.
239
00:26:52,311 --> 00:26:55,546
So while these birds may nest
in burrows like rabbits,
240
00:26:55,648 --> 00:26:57,849
unfortunately, they don't breed like them.
241
00:26:57,950 --> 00:27:00,385
And their numbers
have dwindled dramatically.
242
00:27:04,023 --> 00:27:07,058
Today, fewer than a hundred
kakapo survive...
243
00:27:09,461 --> 00:27:12,463
...and precious chicks
receive a helping hand.
244
00:27:18,137 --> 00:27:21,572
Captive rearing has helped
raise the number of kakapo
245
00:27:21,674 --> 00:27:23,675
from just 51 in 1995
246
00:27:23,776 --> 00:27:26,744
to the 91 birds alive today.
247
00:27:34,219 --> 00:27:36,954
They used to number
in the hundreds of thousands.
248
00:27:37,056 --> 00:27:40,491
Today, their future is truly in our hands.
249
00:27:47,766 --> 00:27:50,134
So is this now an empty forest?
250
00:27:50,235 --> 00:27:54,505
Actually, the trees are under attack
like never before.
251
00:27:54,606 --> 00:27:58,543
There's a menace
lurking amongst the foliage.
252
00:28:02,481 --> 00:28:05,283
During the day, it slumbers.
253
00:28:07,353 --> 00:28:11,723
But under cover of darkness,
an invader is revealed.
254
00:28:17,162 --> 00:28:21,566
Bright-eyed and bushy-tailed,
the mammals have finally arrived in force.
255
00:28:23,869 --> 00:28:26,404
Australian possums.
256
00:28:27,539 --> 00:28:31,309
Imported for their fur
two centuries ago,
257
00:28:31,410 --> 00:28:35,847
they soon reached plague proportions,
stripping trees of their vegetation.
258
00:28:38,617 --> 00:28:41,018
A war is being waged against them -
259
00:28:41,120 --> 00:28:43,821
traps set and poison scattered.
260
00:28:43,922 --> 00:28:49,160
And yet they are now far more numerous
than the kakapo ever were.
261
00:28:49,261 --> 00:28:54,065
A staggering 70 million possums
overrun New Zealand's forests.
262
00:28:57,436 --> 00:29:01,672
Where a bird failed,
a mammal has succeeded.
263
00:29:03,208 --> 00:29:06,177
But why? The possums
were unwitting immigrants,
264
00:29:06,278 --> 00:29:09,280
while the kakapo
have lived here for millennia -
265
00:29:09,381 --> 00:29:11,249
perfectly adapted to this forest.
266
00:29:16,889 --> 00:29:22,493
It's an irony that is by no means unique
to the kakapo and the possum.
267
00:29:24,563 --> 00:29:28,433
Right across the Pacific,
similar scenes have been unfolding.
268
00:29:28,534 --> 00:29:31,836
Tiny islands off the coast of New Zealand
269
00:29:31,937 --> 00:29:36,674
are the last refuge for a host of animals
now vanished from the two main islands.
270
00:29:36,775 --> 00:29:40,077
This is Stephens Island -
271
00:29:40,179 --> 00:29:43,781
one square mile of rock
protruding from the ocean.
272
00:29:43,882 --> 00:29:46,684
It's home to a living fossil,
273
00:29:46,785 --> 00:29:50,822
a relict, barely changed
for over 100 million years.
274
00:29:56,395 --> 00:29:58,463
The tuatara.
275
00:30:00,766 --> 00:30:05,536
And half the world's population
survive on this one island refuge.
276
00:30:05,637 --> 00:30:08,906
During the reign of the dinosaurs,
277
00:30:09,007 --> 00:30:11,943
the ancestors of the tuatara
were everywhere.
278
00:30:12,044 --> 00:30:15,813
They survived the cataclysm
that killed off the dinosaurs,
279
00:30:15,914 --> 00:30:18,783
but then couldn't compete
with the mammals
280
00:30:18,851 --> 00:30:21,352
and died out...
281
00:30:21,453 --> 00:30:25,189
everywhere, except on what was then
a mammal-free New Zealand.
282
00:30:33,565 --> 00:30:39,070
Unlike mammals, tuatara
live life in the slow lane.
283
00:30:42,307 --> 00:30:43,641
Days can pass
284
00:30:43,742 --> 00:30:46,377
when they barely move a muscle...
285
00:30:52,184 --> 00:30:55,620
...sometimes taking
just one breath an hour.
286
00:31:06,131 --> 00:31:07,365
They feed on wetas,
287
00:31:07,399 --> 00:31:10,835
beetles and other invertebrates...
288
00:31:12,404 --> 00:31:15,306
...but don't appear very good
at catching them.
289
00:31:19,545 --> 00:31:22,113
Even after millions of years of practice,
290
00:31:22,214 --> 00:31:25,616
eye-mouth co-ordination
is not what it could be.
291
00:31:29,354 --> 00:31:33,658
"Survival of the fittest"
just doesn't seem to apply here.
292
00:31:41,166 --> 00:31:45,836
The tuatara's survival, first on
New Zealand, now on Stephens Island,
293
00:31:45,938 --> 00:31:47,338
proves a point -
294
00:31:47,439 --> 00:31:52,977
islands are pretty safe places to be,
at least until invaded.
295
00:31:54,513 --> 00:31:58,282
Fortunately for
the Stephens Island tuatara,
296
00:31:58,383 --> 00:32:01,319
it did survive a brief mammal invasion.
297
00:32:01,420 --> 00:32:04,021
But for some of the other wildlife here,
298
00:32:04,122 --> 00:32:07,325
the invasion was
rather more...catastrophic.
299
00:32:08,660 --> 00:32:11,996
The island had been uninhabited
and largely ignored,
300
00:32:12,097 --> 00:32:18,569
but that all changed with the construction
of this lighthouse back in 1894.
301
00:32:21,573 --> 00:32:25,509
When the newly installed keeper,
a Mr Lyall,
302
00:32:25,611 --> 00:32:28,679
found an unusual wren on the island,
303
00:32:28,780 --> 00:32:32,917
he sent a specimen to London
for identification.
304
00:32:33,018 --> 00:32:36,220
Like many island birds, it was flightless.
305
00:32:38,824 --> 00:32:43,561
And perhaps that's why it wasn't
Mr Lyall who first discovered the bird,
306
00:32:43,662 --> 00:32:46,397
but his four-legged companion.
307
00:33:01,980 --> 00:33:06,117
Tibbles proved to be
a very efficient specimen collector.
308
00:33:06,218 --> 00:33:07,918
So much so, in fact,
309
00:33:08,020 --> 00:33:13,290
that one year later, when the bird
was officially declared a new species,
310
00:33:13,392 --> 00:33:17,461
Mr Lyall had to regretfully inform
the scientific community at large
311
00:33:17,562 --> 00:33:21,298
that the species was now extinct.
312
00:33:24,536 --> 00:33:28,506
In truth, Tibbles
wasn't the only feline to blame,
313
00:33:28,607 --> 00:33:32,243
but the ease with which the Stephens
Island wren had been dispatched
314
00:33:32,344 --> 00:33:33,844
WAS alarming.
315
00:33:40,352 --> 00:33:44,855
The cats were removed from Stephens
Island, but it was too late for the wren.
316
00:33:44,956 --> 00:33:49,427
Now only known from a few
cat-chewed museum specimens,
317
00:33:49,528 --> 00:33:53,431
evolving to be flightless
had proven fatal.
318
00:33:57,035 --> 00:33:58,736
So it seems there is a trade-off.
319
00:33:58,837 --> 00:34:03,340
The freedom of island life
allows a species to relax its guard,
320
00:34:03,442 --> 00:34:07,645
but that can leave it defenceless.
321
00:34:11,783 --> 00:34:13,884
On the main islands of New Zealand,
322
00:34:13,985 --> 00:34:17,388
similar dramas have played out
time and time again.
323
00:34:19,324 --> 00:34:25,362
Forests dominated by giant kauri trees
once covered the North Island.
324
00:34:25,464 --> 00:34:29,767
The fragments that remain
look much like they have for millennia,
325
00:34:29,868 --> 00:34:32,336
but looks can be deceiving.
326
00:34:32,437 --> 00:34:34,939
A few centuries ago,
327
00:34:35,040 --> 00:34:39,944
this forest echoed with the calls
of strange and wonderful birds.
328
00:34:44,416 --> 00:34:47,318
Most famous was the giant moa,
329
00:34:47,419 --> 00:34:51,722
which looked a bit like an ostrich,
but taller than an elephant.
330
00:34:51,823 --> 00:34:53,758
And there are many more birds
331
00:34:53,859 --> 00:34:57,495
whose haunting songs
now exist here only in memory.
332
00:35:03,335 --> 00:35:08,239
The bird recordings
and recreated songs you hear now
333
00:35:08,340 --> 00:35:11,642
are all of species that have disappeared
334
00:35:11,743 --> 00:35:13,644
from these main-island forests.
335
00:35:36,134 --> 00:35:40,137
We can't just blame Tibbles and his kin.
Humans have brought
336
00:35:40,238 --> 00:35:45,643
a whole range of mammalian competitors
and predators to these shores.
337
00:35:52,584 --> 00:35:55,953
Today, the people of New Zealand
are making amends.
338
00:36:02,727 --> 00:36:06,063
This is New Zealand's most famous tree -
339
00:36:06,164 --> 00:36:09,700
Tane Mahuta, Lord of the Forest.
340
00:36:10,769 --> 00:36:15,105
There's more wood in this kauri tree than
in any other tropical tree in the world.
341
00:36:15,207 --> 00:36:21,378
Conservationists are working hard to
protect and nurture these special forests.
342
00:36:22,480 --> 00:36:27,785
By collecting kauri seeds, they ensure
that new trees can be cultivated
343
00:36:27,886 --> 00:36:30,821
and the forest expanded
into its former range.
344
00:36:32,390 --> 00:36:35,626
Meanwhile, the animal invaders
are being controlled,
345
00:36:35,727 --> 00:36:38,929
and birds that only survived
on small outlying islands
346
00:36:39,030 --> 00:36:42,666
are now being reintroduced
to these mighty forests.
347
00:36:48,073 --> 00:36:51,842
Back in Hawaii,
being the remotest of all archipelagos,
348
00:36:51,943 --> 00:36:56,146
you might expect the unique wildlife
to have fared rather better.
349
00:36:57,849 --> 00:37:03,520
In the lowlands, there are lush
coastal rainforests teeming with life.
350
00:37:03,622 --> 00:37:06,724
But not indigenous life.
351
00:37:06,825 --> 00:37:12,296
None of the plants or animals
you see here is actually native.
352
00:37:22,540 --> 00:37:28,279
Jackson's chameleons were brought
from East Africa as exotic pets.
353
00:37:36,554 --> 00:37:40,624
The white-rumped shama from India and
the northern cardinal from North America
354
00:37:40,725 --> 00:37:45,562
were both introduced to supplement
the native bird life,
355
00:37:45,664 --> 00:37:51,135
while the red-billed leiothrix
was a cage bird imported from China.
356
00:37:54,339 --> 00:37:59,677
And the Japanese white-eye was imported
in an attempt to control insect pests.
357
00:38:01,813 --> 00:38:08,786
Before humans, only one new species
reached Hawaii every 35,000 years.
358
00:38:08,887 --> 00:38:13,157
Now up to 50 new species
turn up every year.
359
00:38:19,564 --> 00:38:22,399
Invaders are everywhere,
360
00:38:22,500 --> 00:38:24,768
and some have had a significant impact.
361
00:38:27,372 --> 00:38:29,940
In an attempt to control introduced rats,
362
00:38:30,041 --> 00:38:33,877
humans brought
the Indian mongoose to Hawaii.
363
00:38:33,979 --> 00:38:38,248
Unfortunately, no-one considered
the fact that rats are nocturnal,
364
00:38:38,350 --> 00:38:40,317
while the mongoose hunts by day,
365
00:38:40,418 --> 00:38:43,387
so the hungry mongoose
turned its attention
366
00:38:43,488 --> 00:38:46,924
to decimating the island's
unique bird life instead.
367
00:38:50,128 --> 00:38:52,730
Thousands of species have humans to thank
368
00:38:52,831 --> 00:38:55,632
for bringing them to islands
throughout the Pacific.
369
00:38:55,734 --> 00:38:59,269
But there's one animal that has been
a valued travelling companion
370
00:38:59,371 --> 00:39:01,872
for as long as people
have sailed this ocean.
371
00:39:05,844 --> 00:39:07,378
Wherever people went,
372
00:39:07,479 --> 00:39:09,713
pigs went too.
373
00:39:13,551 --> 00:39:17,755
In Vanuatu,
1,200 miles north of New Zealand,
374
00:39:17,856 --> 00:39:21,759
the people of Tanna Island
have gathered for a festival.
375
00:39:22,827 --> 00:39:25,362
Like an expensive car in Western culture,
376
00:39:25,463 --> 00:39:30,300
here pigs are a symbol
of wealth and status.
377
00:39:34,739 --> 00:39:39,710
The Toka festival celebrates
the end of warfare between rival clans,
378
00:39:39,811 --> 00:39:43,347
and pigs are at the centre of it.
379
00:39:43,448 --> 00:39:47,518
To attend, each village
must bring some to the party,
380
00:39:47,619 --> 00:39:49,720
and that's a lot of pigs.
381
00:39:54,793 --> 00:39:58,228
Some will be butchered for a feast,
others given away.
382
00:39:59,330 --> 00:40:01,498
But to take one of these pigs home,
383
00:40:01,599 --> 00:40:04,802
a family must agree
to one day repay the debt...
384
00:40:06,938 --> 00:40:08,338
...and it's these pig debts
385
00:40:08,440 --> 00:40:11,708
that help strengthen the bonds
between the different villages.
386
00:40:22,220 --> 00:40:27,024
Major celebrations surround the giving
and receiving of these prized assets.
387
00:40:27,125 --> 00:40:32,362
And since the Toka only occurs
once every three or four years,
388
00:40:32,464 --> 00:40:35,466
everyone jumps at the chance to dress up.
389
00:40:40,038 --> 00:40:42,573
The dancing goes on for three days.
390
00:40:47,378 --> 00:40:50,414
Each village attempts
to out-dance its neighbours
391
00:40:50,515 --> 00:40:52,049
in a display of friendly rivalry.
392
00:40:55,520 --> 00:41:00,324
You could say this is
Strictly Come Dancing, Vanuatu-style.
393
00:41:17,609 --> 00:41:22,446
In the past, tribal rivalry
was far more serious.
394
00:41:24,582 --> 00:41:28,218
On this island, there were
precious few wild animals to hunt.
395
00:41:31,923 --> 00:41:34,825
Pigs would have been essential protein,
396
00:41:34,926 --> 00:41:40,464
but if they died, perhaps through disease,
what else did the islanders have to eat?
397
00:41:42,700 --> 00:41:46,737
The great-grandparents
of these dancers were cannibals.
398
00:42:23,007 --> 00:42:29,012
Life on an isolated Pacific island
is eternally poised on a knife-edge.
399
00:42:29,113 --> 00:42:31,515
Nowhere is this more apparent
400
00:42:31,616 --> 00:42:35,285
than on the single most remote island
in the Pacific -
401
00:42:35,353 --> 00:42:37,454
Easter Island.
402
00:42:37,555 --> 00:42:42,192
This tiny speck of land
has an extraordinary story to tell,
403
00:42:42,293 --> 00:42:45,596
with new twists
turning up still to this day.
404
00:42:48,366 --> 00:42:51,868
Just 13 miles long and 7 miles wide,
405
00:42:51,970 --> 00:42:55,872
Easter Island rises like a fortress
from the waves,
406
00:42:55,974 --> 00:43:00,110
surrounded by thousands of miles
of ocean in every direction.
407
00:43:16,261 --> 00:43:19,896
People first arrived here
less than 1,000 years ago.
408
00:43:19,998 --> 00:43:22,866
Most of what we know
about their civilisation
409
00:43:22,967 --> 00:43:26,470
can only be pieced together
from the relics that remain.
410
00:43:31,242 --> 00:43:34,211
It is a strange and desolate place.
411
00:43:41,252 --> 00:43:45,055
The most striking features
in this bleak and windswept landscape
412
00:43:45,156 --> 00:43:50,294
are the hundreds of giant
stone statues, known as moai,
413
00:43:50,395 --> 00:43:54,364
thought to be carved in the likeness
of chiefs or ancestors.
414
00:44:01,472 --> 00:44:04,641
It's difficult to believe
that an advanced culture
415
00:44:04,742 --> 00:44:07,411
capable of carving and erecting
these monoliths
416
00:44:07,512 --> 00:44:09,846
grew up in such a barren landscape.
417
00:44:09,914 --> 00:44:11,415
The truth is,
418
00:44:11,482 --> 00:44:12,949
it didn't.
419
00:44:13,051 --> 00:44:16,586
When those first colonisers
discovered Easter Island,
420
00:44:16,688 --> 00:44:18,789
this was a paradise.
421
00:44:27,665 --> 00:44:29,466
These empty cliffs
422
00:44:29,567 --> 00:44:33,704
were once home to the largest
seabird colonies in the South Pacific.
423
00:44:40,411 --> 00:44:44,881
Rich volcanic soils
nourished a forest of giant palms
424
00:44:44,982 --> 00:44:46,950
that was home to many unique species,
425
00:44:47,051 --> 00:44:53,056
including Easter Island versions
of herons, parrots, rails and owls.
426
00:44:58,129 --> 00:45:00,697
Today, they are all gone.
427
00:45:07,538 --> 00:45:11,141
The people, ultimately,
didn't do much better.
428
00:45:11,242 --> 00:45:13,777
The rise and tragic demise
of the Easter Islanders,
429
00:45:13,878 --> 00:45:17,147
the Rapa Nui, is now legendary.
430
00:45:23,654 --> 00:45:27,891
This quarry once occupied
the majority of the island's workforce,
431
00:45:27,992 --> 00:45:29,326
thousands of people,
432
00:45:29,427 --> 00:45:33,430
with each clan trying to carve
and raise a bigger, grander figure
433
00:45:33,531 --> 00:45:35,098
than those of their neighbours.
434
00:45:53,618 --> 00:45:56,620
Vast amounts of timber
would have been required
435
00:45:56,721 --> 00:46:00,223
to transport and erect the giant moai,
436
00:46:00,324 --> 00:46:04,261
and slowly but surely,
the forests vanished.
437
00:46:04,362 --> 00:46:08,064
Eventually, there was no wood left
even to build boats.
438
00:46:08,166 --> 00:46:09,499
Without fishing boats,
439
00:46:09,600 --> 00:46:14,471
they would have been denied
their main source of food,
440
00:46:14,572 --> 00:46:16,606
and their one means of escape.
441
00:46:17,675 --> 00:46:19,443
As resources dwindled,
442
00:46:19,544 --> 00:46:24,214
Easter Island society
descended into chaos and warfare.
443
00:46:24,315 --> 00:46:27,851
The giant statues
were pulled to the ground -
444
00:46:27,952 --> 00:46:32,222
possibly acts of sabotage
between rival clans.
445
00:46:38,296 --> 00:46:42,232
Houses were abandoned
and the foundation stones used
446
00:46:42,333 --> 00:46:47,137
to construct fortified dwellings
in caves underground.
447
00:46:52,043 --> 00:46:56,379
Some evidence even suggests that once
everything edible had been consumed,
448
00:46:56,481 --> 00:47:01,585
the starving were driven to that
most desperate of acts - cannibalism.
449
00:47:07,792 --> 00:47:12,762
Understandably, this version of Easter
Island's history remains controversial,
450
00:47:12,864 --> 00:47:16,733
because it suggests the Rapa Nui
were incredibly short-sighted.
451
00:47:16,834 --> 00:47:20,937
As the trees dwindled,
why did they do nothing about it?
452
00:47:22,440 --> 00:47:28,044
But a new theory suggests the Rapa Nui
were powerless to prevent their downfall,
453
00:47:28,145 --> 00:47:30,881
for when they arrived on this island,
454
00:47:30,982 --> 00:47:32,349
they were not alone.
455
00:47:34,018 --> 00:47:37,320
Rats travelled with people
to every corner of the Pacific.
456
00:47:37,421 --> 00:47:41,892
On Easter Island, their impact
may have been catastrophic.
457
00:47:41,993 --> 00:47:46,363
Multiplying to plague proportions,
they would have devoured the wild fruits,
458
00:47:46,464 --> 00:47:50,000
the seabirds,
even the nuts of the giant palms,
459
00:47:50,101 --> 00:47:52,869
so that the trees
may have stopped reproducing
460
00:47:52,970 --> 00:47:55,005
long before the last one was felled.
461
00:47:56,841 --> 00:48:00,610
Perhaps the fate of Easter Island
was not sealed
462
00:48:00,711 --> 00:48:03,013
by the human who felled that last tree,
463
00:48:03,114 --> 00:48:07,083
but by the rat that ate the last palm nut.
464
00:48:14,892 --> 00:48:19,996
Other South Pacific islands have
also seen civilisations rise and fall,
465
00:48:20,097 --> 00:48:23,733
though none have left
such dramatic reminders of their passing
466
00:48:23,834 --> 00:48:27,270
as the giant statues of the Rapa Nui.
467
00:48:30,408 --> 00:48:32,342
Now re-erected,
468
00:48:32,443 --> 00:48:37,213
they've come to symbolise how precarious
life can be on an isolated island.
469
00:48:38,916 --> 00:48:41,384
For this island has not been abandoned.
470
00:48:42,720 --> 00:48:46,356
A few Rapa Nui survived,
and now they're thriving once more,
471
00:48:46,457 --> 00:48:49,693
entertaining visitors
from the outside world.
472
00:48:51,662 --> 00:48:53,830
Trees have been planted,
473
00:48:53,931 --> 00:48:57,734
though it's too late for the unique
creatures that once lived here.
474
00:49:01,739 --> 00:49:06,409
Elsewhere, on islands throughout
the Pacific, there is still time.
475
00:49:06,510 --> 00:49:10,447
People are working hard to remove
the creatures that don't belong here
476
00:49:10,548 --> 00:49:13,350
and make space once again
for the curiosities,
477
00:49:13,451 --> 00:49:15,819
from kagus to kakapo,
478
00:49:15,920 --> 00:49:20,657
that make the South Pacific
such a uniquely wonderful world.
479
00:49:41,846 --> 00:49:44,547
Of all the animals in this programme,
480
00:49:44,649 --> 00:49:47,617
the dingiso
was the most difficult to film.
481
00:49:47,718 --> 00:49:51,454
It is extremely rare, and only recently
discovered by Western science,
482
00:49:51,555 --> 00:49:55,158
which is one of the reasons why the team
wanted to record it on camera.
483
00:49:55,259 --> 00:50:00,330
Their quest took them to a forbidden land
guarded by a mountain tribe.
484
00:50:02,700 --> 00:50:05,468
No-one knew what
an emotional journey lay ahead.
485
00:50:08,572 --> 00:50:11,341
They flew to Pogapa, New Guinea -
486
00:50:11,442 --> 00:50:14,310
a village of the Moni tribe,
guardians of the dingiso.
487
00:50:14,412 --> 00:50:19,716
A meeting was called
to discuss the visitors' proposal.
488
00:50:23,154 --> 00:50:27,991
To the Moni, the dingiso
is an ancestral spirit.
489
00:50:28,092 --> 00:50:31,895
Hunting it is strictly forbidden.
But how would they feel about filming it?
490
00:50:31,996 --> 00:50:34,931
Many of these people
have never visited Lake Wutidi,
491
00:50:35,032 --> 00:50:38,168
the sacred area where the dingiso lives,
492
00:50:38,269 --> 00:50:42,305
so letting our crew go there
was a big decision.
493
00:50:42,406 --> 00:50:48,078
There were so many times that I thought,
"These people are gonna walk out the door
494
00:50:48,179 --> 00:50:50,080
"and we're gonna have to go home."
495
00:50:50,181 --> 00:50:52,882
But eventually, we got
everybody on board, and yeah,
496
00:50:52,983 --> 00:50:56,653
I'm really glad we're over that
and now we can finally get going.
497
00:50:56,754 --> 00:51:01,257
Pilemon is a village chief
who agreed to accompany the team.
498
00:51:05,396 --> 00:51:09,466
The Moni were now really keen to help
the team track down a dingiso in the wild.
499
00:51:10,835 --> 00:51:13,403
Good morning!
500
00:51:13,504 --> 00:51:16,106
Everyone walked at their own pace.
501
00:51:19,543 --> 00:51:23,146
The film crew had to take things
rather more slowly.
502
00:51:23,247 --> 00:51:25,281
We've been left for dead
503
00:51:25,382 --> 00:51:30,019
by the old ladies and the kids that are
carrying the generator and the cameras
504
00:51:30,121 --> 00:51:33,890
and our tents and all the rest
of the stuff that we brought!
505
00:51:40,765 --> 00:51:45,135
The team has reached the edge
of the sacred area of Wutidi.
506
00:51:45,236 --> 00:51:49,172
From here on in, everything changes.
507
00:51:49,273 --> 00:51:52,709
So from here, the trail gets
really slippery and really dangerous,
508
00:51:52,810 --> 00:51:54,177
so we've got to go very slow.
509
00:51:54,278 --> 00:51:57,147
From here on out,
some of the names we use change.
510
00:51:57,248 --> 00:52:00,550
Wutidi is... We're not allowed
to use that - we use the sacred name.
511
00:52:00,651 --> 00:52:04,053
Same for the dingiso. We have to use
the sacred name for the dingiso -
512
00:52:04,155 --> 00:52:06,356
we're not allowed
to use the word "dingiso" any more.
513
00:52:06,457 --> 00:52:08,792
The team continue to climb.
514
00:52:08,893 --> 00:52:12,061
They are now over 3,000 metres
above sea level.
515
00:52:12,163 --> 00:52:15,064
JAMES MAIR: It's madness.
The landscape's totally changed.
516
00:52:15,166 --> 00:52:18,701
It's really dry and wiry and...sparse,
517
00:52:18,803 --> 00:52:21,871
and I think this is the kind of habitat
where the animal lives,
518
00:52:21,972 --> 00:52:23,873
kind of in the much more stunted trees.
519
00:52:23,974 --> 00:52:29,546
Finally, they reach the sacred lake.
They must remember the sacred rules.
520
00:52:29,647 --> 00:52:32,148
This is Lake Ezimoga,
521
00:52:32,249 --> 00:52:34,951
which is the name they use
in the sacred area.
522
00:52:35,052 --> 00:52:37,954
And this is a central point
523
00:52:38,055 --> 00:52:43,793
from which it's a good area
to look for the manimomaga,
524
00:52:43,894 --> 00:52:47,197
which is the other name
for the tree kangaroo we're looking for.
525
00:52:47,298 --> 00:52:50,500
And everyone's...
526
00:52:50,601 --> 00:52:53,436
everyone's pretty emotional to be here.
527
00:52:53,537 --> 00:52:56,940
Even Chief Pilemon is deeply moved.
528
00:52:57,041 --> 00:53:00,777
JOE YAGGI: This lake is one of the most
important parts of the Moni culture.
529
00:53:00,878 --> 00:53:06,049
It's a really, really big deal for these
guys to come here, to see this place.
530
00:53:14,692 --> 00:53:18,361
With base camp established, the search
for a dingiso begins in earnest,
531
00:53:18,462 --> 00:53:22,465
and it's not long before Pilemon
announces he's found something.
532
00:53:24,435 --> 00:53:29,072
Signs on the ground suggest a dingiso
was here, and the signs are fresh.
533
00:53:29,173 --> 00:53:35,545
He's saying the creature filled a space
about this big, so he was quite large,
534
00:53:35,646 --> 00:53:39,215
and he sticks his nose in there,
he's looking for worms,
535
00:53:39,316 --> 00:53:40,750
so he sticks his nose in there
536
00:53:40,851 --> 00:53:43,253
and he takes his claws,
and pushes the soil out of the way.
537
00:53:43,354 --> 00:53:47,023
But dingiso are supposed
to eat leaves, not worms.
538
00:53:47,124 --> 00:53:50,426
Perhaps these are the marks
of a spiny anteater, or echidna.
539
00:53:50,527 --> 00:53:55,131
Pilemon's impression of the animal
reassures the team he wasn't mistaken -
540
00:53:55,232 --> 00:53:57,400
echidnas don't climb trees.
541
00:53:57,501 --> 00:54:00,503
It just shows how little is known
about the dingiso.
542
00:54:00,604 --> 00:54:04,908
JAMES MAIR: It's really exciting to see
a kind of sign that this animal exists,
543
00:54:05,009 --> 00:54:07,076
cos it was kinda feeling
a bit like a myth,
544
00:54:07,177 --> 00:54:10,747
especially the last couple of weeks
where it's taken so much to get here
545
00:54:10,848 --> 00:54:13,216
and the chances of filming it
have felt so slim,
546
00:54:13,317 --> 00:54:16,252
but it feels like we're kind of
in with a chance now, which is great!
547
00:54:16,353 --> 00:54:20,256
But the animal itself remains elusive.
548
00:54:20,357 --> 00:54:22,692
A week has now passed,
549
00:54:22,793 --> 00:54:27,130
and the trackers set out in different
directions to widen the search.
550
00:54:35,773 --> 00:54:40,743
Only three of these men
have ever seen a dingiso before.
551
00:54:40,844 --> 00:54:45,815
The chances of improving on that
are looking slim.
552
00:54:45,916 --> 00:54:49,686
Village chief Pilemon has crossed
to the other side of the valley.
553
00:54:49,787 --> 00:54:53,623
The crew are ready to follow
if he signals good news.
554
00:54:55,659 --> 00:54:59,495
Next morning, bizarrely, the postman
calls. It's a letter from Pilemon.
555
00:54:59,596 --> 00:55:01,864
But it's not the news they wanted.
556
00:55:01,966 --> 00:55:04,067
He's just requesting fresh supplies.
557
00:55:04,168 --> 00:55:07,637
The team have all but given up hope.
558
00:55:10,074 --> 00:55:11,407
Late that night,
559
00:55:11,508 --> 00:55:16,446
Chief Pilemon arrives back in camp
with a shocking surprise.
560
00:55:22,553 --> 00:55:26,122
The guys from the other side
of the valley have just come in,
561
00:55:26,223 --> 00:55:28,524
and we're not sure
what they're carrying yet.
562
00:55:28,625 --> 00:55:30,693
They've just come in to...to the camp.
563
00:55:33,197 --> 00:55:34,764
The crew fear the worst.
564
00:55:39,903 --> 00:55:42,572
He appears to be carrying a live animal.
565
00:55:42,673 --> 00:55:44,907
This was never part of the plan.
566
00:55:45,009 --> 00:55:48,811
Throughout the trip,
the crew had tried to make it clear
567
00:55:48,912 --> 00:55:51,447
they only wanted to film
a dingiso in the wild.
568
00:55:55,686 --> 00:55:57,520
It is a dingiso.
569
00:55:57,621 --> 00:56:01,057
This was the very last thing
any of the team wanted to witness,
570
00:56:01,158 --> 00:56:03,092
and it was very distressing.
571
00:56:04,695 --> 00:56:07,563
Now the team's only concern
is for the animal's welfare.
572
00:56:07,664 --> 00:56:10,500
JAMES MAIR: We're gonna have to
take it back with them tomorrow.
573
00:56:10,601 --> 00:56:14,237
We can't release it here - it needs
to be released in its home territory.
574
00:56:14,338 --> 00:56:17,940
Um...so we're gonna have to
keep it like this overnight -
575
00:56:18,042 --> 00:56:20,243
it's the only way
that it can be kept safe -
576
00:56:20,344 --> 00:56:23,513
and then take it back
and release it tomorrow.
577
00:56:28,886 --> 00:56:32,121
For Pilemon,
the dingiso is a sacred animal.
578
00:56:32,222 --> 00:56:35,458
So he performs a ceremony
to the spirits for capturing it.
579
00:56:50,641 --> 00:56:54,877
As soon as they can, the team set off
to return the dingiso to its forest home.
580
00:57:00,651 --> 00:57:04,120
The dingiso
is so highly revered in Moni culture
581
00:57:04,221 --> 00:57:08,057
that Pilemon wanted to share it
with the outside world.
582
00:57:08,158 --> 00:57:10,393
Strange as it seems,
bringing it to the team
583
00:57:10,494 --> 00:57:13,896
was his way of showing
great respect for the animal.
584
00:57:13,997 --> 00:57:20,236
Filming it now depends on how
the dingiso behaves once it's released.
585
00:57:20,337 --> 00:57:24,674
We're finally where
the manimomaga was found.
586
00:57:24,775 --> 00:57:29,078
I think it was literally at the tree...
one of these trees just around us.
587
00:57:29,179 --> 00:57:32,148
We're gonna release it in the jungle
and see what happens.
588
00:57:33,717 --> 00:57:35,351
To the crew's great relief,
589
00:57:35,452 --> 00:57:39,055
the dingiso doesn't appear
to be stressed or harmed in any way.
590
00:57:41,692 --> 00:57:47,063
It bounds up a tree, and then acts
as if nothing unusual has happened.
591
00:57:49,199 --> 00:57:53,302
OK, he's started to feed a little bit,
which is a great sign.
592
00:57:57,040 --> 00:58:01,611
After all this trouble,
and walking and everything,
593
00:58:01,712 --> 00:58:06,149
it's really great just to see him
chewing on a bit of food
594
00:58:06,250 --> 00:58:10,319
and kind of half dozing
and looking a lot happier.
595
00:58:10,420 --> 00:58:14,757
There he is,
where he should be, up in a tree.
596
00:58:14,858 --> 00:58:17,660
Tree kangaroos!
597
00:58:17,761 --> 00:58:22,598
This had been an emotional journey
for the whole team.
598
00:58:22,666 --> 00:58:24,700
Finally,
599
00:58:24,801 --> 00:58:29,505
intimate shots of the elusive,
almost mythical dingiso,
600
00:58:29,606 --> 00:58:34,410
back home in a place
that is truly a world apart.
53235
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