Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:07,280 --> 00:00:09,830
[heart beating]
2
00:01:11,220 --> 00:01:12,930
[light music]
3
00:01:42,340 --> 00:01:44,510
[music continues]
4
00:01:53,810 --> 00:01:57,310
[man, in English] We all bring to
the painting our own experiences,
5
00:01:57,390 --> 00:02:00,440
our own experiences with art.
6
00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:09,610
Who are the "we"? The "we"
are millions of people.
7
00:02:09,700 --> 00:02:11,370
Thousands-- hundreds of thousands of people
8
00:02:11,450 --> 00:02:13,660
who actually go to the Prado Museum,
9
00:02:13,740 --> 00:02:15,660
see the painting in reality.
10
00:02:15,750 --> 00:02:19,170
But the painting is very
well known internationally,
11
00:02:19,250 --> 00:02:20,880
globally, through the Internet.
12
00:02:20,960 --> 00:02:24,920
So many people have visual
access to the painting
13
00:02:25,010 --> 00:02:28,550
long before they even go
and see the painting itself.
14
00:02:30,470 --> 00:02:32,350
People from all over the world,
15
00:02:32,430 --> 00:02:34,850
with all their different cultural
backgrounds, look at the painting
16
00:02:34,930 --> 00:02:39,190
and therefore look at it
in manifold different ways.
17
00:02:47,320 --> 00:02:50,490
When we look at The Garden
of Earthly Delights,
18
00:02:50,570 --> 00:02:55,450
we usually, immediately
look at the interior.
19
00:02:55,540 --> 00:03:00,210
But this is not the way people
started to look at the painting
20
00:03:00,290 --> 00:03:02,330
at the times of Bosch.
21
00:03:06,760 --> 00:03:08,260
It is a triptych,
22
00:03:08,340 --> 00:03:11,760
and usually the triptych
was closed regularly
23
00:03:11,840 --> 00:03:14,850
and only opened for special occasions.
24
00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:38,120
[in Spanish] Going from
darkness... [imitates explosion]
25
00:03:38,870 --> 00:03:41,960
to the chaos when everything begins.
26
00:03:47,880 --> 00:03:51,090
[man, in English] It's
also theatrical moment
27
00:03:51,170 --> 00:03:55,550
to have it closed and then
to open it and enter inside.
28
00:03:55,640 --> 00:03:58,520
I admire and like the patience,
29
00:03:58,600 --> 00:04:02,730
the joy of doing little
details, one by one.
30
00:04:03,520 --> 00:04:05,150
[man, in Spanish] She looks so beautiful
31
00:04:05,230 --> 00:04:07,520
with the peacock on her head.
32
00:04:08,900 --> 00:04:14,280
There's the mermaid again
with the merman in armor.
33
00:04:14,360 --> 00:04:17,320
The owl with long ears.
34
00:04:17,410 --> 00:04:20,290
Painting is naming things correctly.
35
00:04:20,370 --> 00:04:22,040
[in English] Look at this thistle.
36
00:04:22,120 --> 00:04:24,170
I mean, it's just-- It's extravagant.
37
00:04:24,250 --> 00:04:26,710
Look at this... plum maybe?
38
00:04:28,550 --> 00:04:30,420
[in Spanish] There are heaps of fruit,
39
00:04:30,510 --> 00:04:34,050
including apples, pomegranates, berries.
40
00:04:34,130 --> 00:04:40,010
The giraffe, for example,
is innocent and clean.
41
00:04:40,100 --> 00:04:43,480
The pleasure of flying. Who
hasn't dreamed about flying?
42
00:04:44,890 --> 00:04:46,770
[man, in Chinese] This is very funny.
43
00:04:46,860 --> 00:04:49,730
Lots of birds come
shooting out of his body.
44
00:04:49,820 --> 00:04:52,570
There's one there who's
dead, with the deer,
45
00:04:52,650 --> 00:04:54,530
or he's very tired.
46
00:04:54,610 --> 00:04:58,740
And others, you simply
don't know what they are.
47
00:04:59,530 --> 00:05:01,700
Or I don't know what they are. [chuckles]
48
00:05:03,620 --> 00:05:05,830
[in Spanish] Where did all this come from?
49
00:05:06,290 --> 00:05:08,000
From what head?
50
00:05:08,880 --> 00:05:14,050
Where did this Dionysian fantasy come from?
51
00:05:15,180 --> 00:05:18,850
[man, in English] I think maybe
this is the most iconic image
52
00:05:18,930 --> 00:05:20,510
in the painting, and...
53
00:05:20,600 --> 00:05:22,310
Maybe it's a self-portrait, maybe not.
54
00:05:22,390 --> 00:05:26,730
[in Spanish] It must be the
artist at different ages,
55
00:05:26,810 --> 00:05:29,110
with that very pretty dark girl.
56
00:05:30,020 --> 00:05:33,440
[Piñón] I don't know much
about Bosch's psyche,
57
00:05:33,530 --> 00:05:36,780
but I think even he didn't know.
58
00:05:38,490 --> 00:05:41,780
[in English] And that brings
us in a way to the question,
59
00:05:41,870 --> 00:05:43,580
what kind of a man was he?
60
00:05:43,910 --> 00:05:45,410
[intricate piano music]
61
00:06:15,990 --> 00:06:17,150
[music continues]
62
00:06:45,520 --> 00:06:47,890
[man, in English] Hieronymus
Bosch was a mysterious figure
63
00:06:47,980 --> 00:06:50,310
not only because his paintings,
64
00:06:50,400 --> 00:06:53,770
but because we don't
know actually who he was.
65
00:06:53,860 --> 00:06:57,650
And the records that he lived
66
00:06:57,740 --> 00:07:01,360
is in the archives of this brotherhood.
67
00:07:03,740 --> 00:07:07,580
That brotherhood is the oldest
brotherhood in the Netherlands.
68
00:07:07,660 --> 00:07:10,460
It dates back from 1318.
69
00:07:10,920 --> 00:07:12,420
And, of course,
70
00:07:12,500 --> 00:07:15,210
our famous painter
became a member later on.
71
00:07:19,380 --> 00:07:22,260
It is Sicut lilum inter spinas.
72
00:07:22,340 --> 00:07:26,390
It is the coat of arms of this brotherhood.
73
00:07:26,470 --> 00:07:30,020
That means, "See the
lily between the thorns."
74
00:07:31,770 --> 00:07:34,520
And if you were a very big nobleman,
75
00:07:34,610 --> 00:07:37,440
you had the right to shoot swans.
76
00:07:38,650 --> 00:07:41,150
Three times a year, there was a big meal
77
00:07:41,240 --> 00:07:45,740
and they ate swans that were
donated by the noble people.
78
00:07:45,830 --> 00:07:49,500
There are still noble people,
but we do not eat swans anymore.
79
00:07:49,580 --> 00:07:51,500
Because swans are not very nice,
80
00:07:51,580 --> 00:07:54,000
and they are protected right now.
81
00:07:56,290 --> 00:08:00,720
[Nooteboom] What I understood
is that to cook a swan...
82
00:08:02,130 --> 00:08:05,850
they would take the whole skin,
83
00:08:05,930 --> 00:08:08,640
including the feathers, off.
84
00:08:08,720 --> 00:08:12,480
So the animal would be
there completely naked.
85
00:08:12,560 --> 00:08:16,480
But then they boiled them
or cooked them or fried them
86
00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:19,860
and then put the skin,
with the feathers, back on.
87
00:08:19,940 --> 00:08:21,940
It would have all its feathers again,
88
00:08:22,030 --> 00:08:27,160
and there would be the-- yes or
no-- delicious flesh of the swans.
89
00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:30,290
[Noordzy] The popularity
of this brotherhood
90
00:08:30,370 --> 00:08:35,000
was dependent on the fact that the bishop
had given the members of this brotherhood
91
00:08:35,080 --> 00:08:37,080
the right of indulgencia.
92
00:08:42,300 --> 00:08:44,970
[reading in Latin]
93
00:08:59,980 --> 00:09:02,150
[in English] This is the
oldest act of indulgence
94
00:09:02,240 --> 00:09:05,570
of the Brotherhood of St.
Mary that they keep here.
95
00:09:05,660 --> 00:09:09,240
And it dates from 1335,
96
00:09:09,330 --> 00:09:14,750
and it gives the possibility for
a people who worship St. Mary,
97
00:09:14,830 --> 00:09:18,580
it would diminish their
punishment in purgatory.
98
00:09:19,960 --> 00:09:23,380
When you attended services
at the chapel of St. Mary--
99
00:09:23,460 --> 00:09:25,590
and, of course, when you made donations
100
00:09:25,680 --> 00:09:27,680
to the Brotherhood of St. Mary--
101
00:09:27,760 --> 00:09:29,300
it gives you the possibility
102
00:09:29,390 --> 00:09:33,390
to make your stay in purgatory not so long.
103
00:09:38,020 --> 00:09:41,820
[water trickling] -[bells chiming]
104
00:10:01,920 --> 00:10:06,420
[man, in Spanish] Probably, the source
for his images was the market in his town,
105
00:10:06,510 --> 00:10:10,010
with the cactus and strange flowers,
106
00:10:10,090 --> 00:10:11,850
and particularly crustaceans,
107
00:10:11,930 --> 00:10:16,890
that were starting to arrive--
slightly exotic things.
108
00:10:18,560 --> 00:10:23,440
It's really nice that you can see
what Bosch knew and didn't know,
109
00:10:23,520 --> 00:10:25,650
what he'd seen and hadn't seen.
110
00:10:25,740 --> 00:10:29,450
It's obvious he hadn't
seen elephants or giraffes.
111
00:10:31,410 --> 00:10:34,700
[man singing in Dutch]
♪ When the North Sea ♪
112
00:10:34,790 --> 00:10:38,040
♪ Breaks stubbornly On the high dunes ♪
113
00:10:38,830 --> 00:10:41,750
♪ And white flakes of foam ♪
114
00:10:41,830 --> 00:10:44,840
♪ Break apart on the crests ♪
115
00:10:44,920 --> 00:10:47,970
♪ When the surly tide ♪
116
00:10:48,050 --> 00:10:49,930
♪ Crashes on the black basalt ♪
117
00:10:50,010 --> 00:10:55,470
♪ And a gray mist Blankets dike and dune ♪
118
00:10:55,560 --> 00:11:00,690
♪ When at low tide, the beach
Is as desolate as a desert ♪
119
00:11:00,770 --> 00:11:06,780
♪ And the wet west winds Roar with venom ♪
120
00:11:07,530 --> 00:11:10,200
♪ Then fights, my land ♪
121
00:11:10,280 --> 00:11:12,820
♪ My flat land ♪
122
00:11:14,080 --> 00:11:17,200
♪ When rain falls ♪
123
00:11:17,290 --> 00:11:21,210
♪ On streets, squares, borders ♪
124
00:11:21,290 --> 00:11:26,880
♪ On roofs and steeples
Of towering churches ♪
125
00:11:26,960 --> 00:11:31,590
♪ Which are the only
mountains In this flat land ♪
126
00:11:31,680 --> 00:11:36,600
♪ When people are dwarfed
Under the clouds ♪
127
00:11:36,680 --> 00:11:42,350
♪ When the days go by
In dreary regularity ♪
128
00:11:42,440 --> 00:11:49,070
♪ And a round east wind beats
The land down even flatter ♪
129
00:11:49,150 --> 00:11:52,610
♪ Then waits my land ♪
130
00:11:52,700 --> 00:11:56,660
♪ My flat land ♪
131
00:12:09,050 --> 00:12:12,550
[man, in English] This was the
chapel of the Brotherhood of Mary,
132
00:12:12,630 --> 00:12:16,260
of which Jeroen Bosch was a member.
133
00:12:16,350 --> 00:12:20,270
He came mostly every week
134
00:12:20,350 --> 00:12:22,940
to participate in the celebrations
135
00:12:23,020 --> 00:12:25,310
of the Brotherhood of Mary.
136
00:12:28,190 --> 00:12:30,190
[in Spanish] He painted this triptych
137
00:12:30,280 --> 00:12:33,490
for the altar sponsored
by his brotherhood--
138
00:12:33,570 --> 00:12:38,580
the Brotherhood of Our Lady--
which was in his town's church.
139
00:12:38,660 --> 00:12:42,910
It seems he did it with great care,
140
00:12:43,000 --> 00:12:45,210
with great dedication,
141
00:12:45,290 --> 00:12:49,630
because he was a member of
the Brotherhood of Our Lady.
142
00:12:51,630 --> 00:12:55,640
I think he was responsible for
the processions that they had,
143
00:12:55,720 --> 00:12:58,300
for the altar decorations.
144
00:12:58,390 --> 00:13:00,560
[man, in English] He must have
been, to a certain degree,
145
00:13:00,640 --> 00:13:02,520
a learned man himself.
146
00:13:02,600 --> 00:13:04,640
This is what you can infer
from the many paintings
147
00:13:04,730 --> 00:13:06,310
and the diversity of the paintings
148
00:13:06,400 --> 00:13:09,320
and the inventiveness of his work.
149
00:13:09,400 --> 00:13:11,360
He is not a run-of-the-mill
painter, clearly.
150
00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:13,690
He's not a simple craftsman.
151
00:13:15,240 --> 00:13:18,160
[Noordzy] Originally,
he was called van Aken,
152
00:13:18,240 --> 00:13:20,200
Hieronymus van Aken.
153
00:13:20,280 --> 00:13:24,250
He later, in 1504, signed his paintings
154
00:13:24,330 --> 00:13:26,170
by "Hieronymus Bosch,"
155
00:13:26,250 --> 00:13:29,590
but that was his own nickname.
156
00:13:29,670 --> 00:13:33,130
And then he became very well
known as Hieronymus Bosch.
157
00:13:33,210 --> 00:13:36,180
Or, in Spanish, he was, of
course, called El Bosco.
158
00:13:36,260 --> 00:13:40,010
[Falkenburg] We don't even
have a clear portrait of him.
159
00:13:40,100 --> 00:13:41,930
There is a drawing, a later drawing,
160
00:13:42,010 --> 00:13:45,350
that tradition says is a
drawing of Hieronymus Bosch.
161
00:13:45,430 --> 00:13:47,310
We don't even know for sure.
162
00:13:57,030 --> 00:13:59,700
[Piñón] No one can paint this work
163
00:13:59,780 --> 00:14:05,750
without doubting his
capacity to engender a world.
164
00:14:06,960 --> 00:14:08,870
To compete with God.
165
00:14:13,300 --> 00:14:16,470
[Falkenburg] Medieval people
thought there were two books.
166
00:14:17,300 --> 00:14:20,220
Not only the Bible, or the Scriptures,
167
00:14:20,300 --> 00:14:22,720
but also the book of nature,
168
00:14:22,810 --> 00:14:25,140
that both were creations by God.
169
00:14:27,140 --> 00:14:28,690
[birds calling]
170
00:14:28,770 --> 00:14:31,310
What are the words? The
words are the creatures.
171
00:14:31,400 --> 00:14:34,400
The words are the animals, are the plants,
172
00:14:34,480 --> 00:14:35,820
are the human beings.
173
00:14:35,900 --> 00:14:39,410
Everything would somehow contain a trace
174
00:14:39,490 --> 00:14:42,530
of its divine essence of the Creator.
175
00:14:42,620 --> 00:14:45,830
[dramatic string music]
176
00:15:00,840 --> 00:15:02,890
[man, in English] As you
see here at the miniature,
177
00:15:02,970 --> 00:15:05,890
you put them on a table exactly
what we do today in a library--
178
00:15:05,970 --> 00:15:08,270
the same thing, yeah, 500 years ago--
179
00:15:08,350 --> 00:15:12,520
and they stand around and they read,
180
00:15:12,610 --> 00:15:15,230
discuss, look at these manuscripts.
181
00:15:15,320 --> 00:15:16,900
They make us aware of the fact
182
00:15:16,980 --> 00:15:19,820
that it is a shared literary culture
183
00:15:19,900 --> 00:15:23,490
and that the enjoyment of the
images in relation to the text
184
00:15:23,570 --> 00:15:26,410
is something that is part of this sharing.
185
00:15:26,490 --> 00:15:28,500
And this is important
for our understanding,
186
00:15:28,580 --> 00:15:31,120
also, of The Garden of Earthly Delights.
187
00:15:31,210 --> 00:15:33,170
Because you actually share with each other,
188
00:15:33,250 --> 00:15:35,170
and that you know that the other person
189
00:15:35,250 --> 00:15:37,880
standing in front of the
painting may also know.
190
00:15:37,960 --> 00:15:39,670
So there is a--
191
00:15:39,760 --> 00:15:43,090
In art history, people sometimes
use the term "period eye."
192
00:15:46,760 --> 00:15:49,980
[eerie music]
193
00:16:13,120 --> 00:16:16,340
[light upbeat music]
194
00:16:35,860 --> 00:16:39,860
[woman, in French] What the conception
of these tapestries shows us
195
00:16:39,940 --> 00:16:43,700
of the cultural environment
in which they were created
196
00:16:43,780 --> 00:16:47,740
is an extremely positive
vision of the world.
197
00:16:49,330 --> 00:16:52,250
A world that also comes from nature,
198
00:16:52,330 --> 00:16:56,540
a nature which, for men and
women in the Middle Ages
199
00:16:56,630 --> 00:17:02,300
and even at that time of transition
around the 15th century...
200
00:17:03,550 --> 00:17:05,380
was very familiar,
201
00:17:05,470 --> 00:17:11,310
a nature that also acts as
a setting for courtly love.
202
00:17:14,100 --> 00:17:17,270
[upbeat music]
203
00:17:27,820 --> 00:17:30,580
[Falkenburg] All these garden
metaphors were then understood
204
00:17:30,660 --> 00:17:33,910
to be the place where
the lovers get together.
205
00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:37,210
Love is not only love in
the way that we know it,
206
00:17:37,290 --> 00:17:40,340
uh, important as it is
in our lives. [chuckling]
207
00:17:40,420 --> 00:17:43,920
But it is-- It can
encapsulate all the virtues
208
00:17:44,010 --> 00:17:48,090
that a knight, a courtier,
should contemplate,
209
00:17:48,180 --> 00:17:50,760
cultivate, exercise,
210
00:17:50,850 --> 00:17:54,060
play with in a courtly manner.
211
00:17:54,140 --> 00:17:57,440
And of course this is where
Bosch goes over the top.
212
00:17:57,520 --> 00:17:59,690
[music continues]
213
00:18:01,940 --> 00:18:05,280
You go into the inner
gym, inner gym of love.
214
00:18:06,530 --> 00:18:09,200
You-- You try to, if you will,
215
00:18:09,280 --> 00:18:11,330
to build the muscles of love.
216
00:18:11,410 --> 00:18:13,620
[music continues]
217
00:18:30,140 --> 00:18:31,970
The moment suprême
218
00:18:32,050 --> 00:18:33,930
of the story of The Romance of the Rose
219
00:18:34,010 --> 00:18:36,350
is that Amant, the lover,
220
00:18:36,430 --> 00:18:39,060
plucks the rose of the beloved.
221
00:18:39,140 --> 00:18:41,480
And we all know what the plucking means.
222
00:18:41,560 --> 00:18:43,730
[music continues]
223
00:18:57,080 --> 00:18:59,210
[Taburet-Delahaye] Legend has it
224
00:18:59,290 --> 00:19:01,460
that there is only one
way to capture a unicorn,
225
00:19:01,540 --> 00:19:03,500
which is an extremely fierce animal.
226
00:19:03,590 --> 00:19:07,010
Only a young virgin can draw it to her lap.
227
00:19:07,090 --> 00:19:09,590
If it immerses its horn in water,
228
00:19:09,680 --> 00:19:11,260
the water is purified.
229
00:19:11,340 --> 00:19:15,850
But it is also a very
obvious sexual symbol.
230
00:19:15,930 --> 00:19:19,980
It's something very
characteristic of medieval thought
231
00:19:20,060 --> 00:19:24,770
that was developed particularly
around the end of the 15th century,
232
00:19:24,860 --> 00:19:29,570
and that is polysemy-- in
other words, multiple meanings.
233
00:19:29,650 --> 00:19:33,780
We have to imagine that we
are in a pre-Cartesian world,
234
00:19:33,870 --> 00:19:35,160
a non-Cartesian world,
235
00:19:35,240 --> 00:19:37,910
in which men and women in the Middle ages
236
00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:41,210
accepted without any problem
237
00:19:41,290 --> 00:19:44,380
meanings that for us are
opposed to each other,
238
00:19:44,460 --> 00:19:46,710
while for them, they were complementary.
239
00:19:46,800 --> 00:19:49,170
[light music]
240
00:19:54,390 --> 00:19:56,510
[woman, in Spanish] It's
grotesque. It's humorous.
241
00:19:56,600 --> 00:20:00,390
Just as with the choir stalls,
the misericords, where they sat,
242
00:20:00,480 --> 00:20:02,350
the gargoyles, these creatures,
243
00:20:02,440 --> 00:20:06,400
have that common, humorous touch,
244
00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:09,940
but the intention is also moralistic.
245
00:20:17,160 --> 00:20:19,040
This grotesque, for example,
246
00:20:19,120 --> 00:20:21,790
is a kind of crane but
with a monkey on top.
247
00:20:21,870 --> 00:20:25,250
This individual seems like a
kind of friar with a rosary,
248
00:20:25,330 --> 00:20:27,460
but he has a crozier.
249
00:20:27,540 --> 00:20:29,420
It's all around.
250
00:20:35,390 --> 00:20:37,430
Marginal figures, marginal motifs
251
00:20:37,510 --> 00:20:40,060
that you find in the margin
of these kinds of manuscripts.
252
00:20:40,140 --> 00:20:42,600
He blows them up. He makes them larger.
253
00:20:42,680 --> 00:20:46,110
He makes them the main
figures of a huge painting
254
00:20:46,190 --> 00:20:49,110
instead of keeping them
marginalized, so to speak.
255
00:20:49,190 --> 00:20:52,570
[Wijsman] Yeah. All these
interaction of people and fruit.
256
00:20:52,650 --> 00:20:54,910
It directly comes from
margins, the beasts or fruits
257
00:20:54,990 --> 00:20:57,950
that you see in The Garden
of Earthly Delights.
258
00:20:58,030 --> 00:20:59,240
[music continues]
259
00:21:08,040 --> 00:21:09,840
[woman, in Spanish] All the books of hours
260
00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:11,880
have a fairly standard
iconographic repertoire
261
00:21:11,960 --> 00:21:14,220
with the calendar, lives of saints,
262
00:21:14,300 --> 00:21:16,140
scenes from the lives of
Christ and the Virgin.
263
00:21:16,220 --> 00:21:19,430
And almost all have an Office for the Dead,
264
00:21:19,510 --> 00:21:21,430
a kind of requiem mass,
265
00:21:21,520 --> 00:21:25,730
that is exemplary, like the
visions of Tondal the knight.
266
00:21:27,190 --> 00:21:30,610
[Falkenburg] The vision of
Tondal is about an Irish knight.
267
00:21:30,690 --> 00:21:32,530
He's not very pious person.
268
00:21:32,610 --> 00:21:34,320
He has a vision--
269
00:21:34,400 --> 00:21:37,660
his soul being taken out of his body
270
00:21:37,740 --> 00:21:40,410
and is brought into a very gloomy region
271
00:21:40,490 --> 00:21:42,660
where he is being threatened by demons.
272
00:21:43,910 --> 00:21:47,750
He's then being saved by an
angel who suddenly appears,
273
00:21:47,830 --> 00:21:50,590
and the angel then shows
him heaven and hell,
274
00:21:50,670 --> 00:21:52,630
especially hell,
275
00:21:52,710 --> 00:21:56,840
and all the tortures that the
damned souls are subjected to.
276
00:22:01,010 --> 00:22:02,850
And when he wakes up,
277
00:22:02,930 --> 00:22:05,520
the angel tells him that
he has to tell the story
278
00:22:05,600 --> 00:22:07,640
about this terrible vision that he has
279
00:22:07,730 --> 00:22:10,230
and that he has to improve
his life, which he then does.
280
00:22:10,310 --> 00:22:12,570
He becomes a very pious person.
281
00:22:14,530 --> 00:22:16,700
In Bosch, his Garden of Earthly Delights,
282
00:22:16,780 --> 00:22:22,200
the whole setting is given to
the viewer as a dream landscape.
283
00:22:28,580 --> 00:22:30,460
[woman, in French] We know that dreams
284
00:22:30,540 --> 00:22:33,920
are real experiences
we have while sleeping.
285
00:22:34,000 --> 00:22:36,670
There were long philosophical debates
286
00:22:36,760 --> 00:22:40,760
on whether a dream took place
during the course of sleep
287
00:22:40,840 --> 00:22:44,810
or if it was an illusion produced
at the moment we wake up.
288
00:22:44,890 --> 00:22:47,140
Could it be that we don't dream?
289
00:22:48,690 --> 00:22:51,100
[woman speaking French]
290
00:22:51,190 --> 00:22:54,570
[Schwartz] Now we know
that it's not like that.
291
00:22:54,650 --> 00:22:57,110
We do dream while we sleep.
292
00:22:57,190 --> 00:23:01,410
In real time, with colors and sounds.
293
00:23:01,490 --> 00:23:04,740
It's a true simulation of the real world.
294
00:23:06,830 --> 00:23:11,880
Our brain receives little
information from the exterior world.
295
00:23:11,960 --> 00:23:14,290
It is a world formed
exclusively from the interior.
296
00:23:14,380 --> 00:23:19,010
That is, it's formed by our
memories, by our cerebral circuits
297
00:23:19,090 --> 00:23:21,640
which allow us to create perception
298
00:23:21,720 --> 00:23:26,930
while we're awake and while we're asleep.
299
00:23:27,020 --> 00:23:29,270
[speaking French]
300
00:23:30,440 --> 00:23:33,360
What I mean is that we
sleep with the baggage
301
00:23:33,440 --> 00:23:35,980
we have acquired during our life.
302
00:23:36,070 --> 00:23:39,440
The objects that fill our dreams
303
00:23:39,530 --> 00:23:43,280
are those from our daily experiences.
304
00:23:43,370 --> 00:23:45,990
If we dream of birds, it's
because we've seen them.
305
00:23:46,080 --> 00:23:48,250
Maybe they're not the right size
306
00:23:48,330 --> 00:23:50,580
or they're not where they should be,
307
00:23:50,660 --> 00:23:57,750
but the basic elements derive
from everyday experience.
308
00:23:59,420 --> 00:24:03,180
There are things that are
imaginable only in dreams.
309
00:24:03,260 --> 00:24:06,470
[string music]
310
00:24:35,790 --> 00:24:37,000
[music continues]
311
00:24:48,350 --> 00:24:54,350
[chanting, in Latin] "Keep dreams
and ghosts of the night far from us."
312
00:24:54,440 --> 00:25:01,490
[in English] So they pray that
far away should remain dreams--
313
00:25:01,570 --> 00:25:04,530
They don't say "insomnia."
They say "somnia."
314
00:25:04,610 --> 00:25:07,870
They should remain very
far away, the dreams
315
00:25:07,950 --> 00:25:10,540
and the phantasmata of the night.
316
00:25:10,620 --> 00:25:14,290
So here you have paintings
full of all that.
317
00:25:14,370 --> 00:25:16,960
But the monks pray that, in the night,
318
00:25:17,040 --> 00:25:18,920
they don't have to see all this.
319
00:25:19,000 --> 00:25:23,590
So there's something very
forbidding in all that.
320
00:25:23,670 --> 00:25:28,930
When I think of the monks praying
that they shall not have to see it,
321
00:25:29,010 --> 00:25:30,890
how did they look at it?
322
00:25:30,970 --> 00:25:32,430
A good question,
323
00:25:32,520 --> 00:25:35,390
because his paintings
weren't made for monks.
324
00:25:35,480 --> 00:25:39,770
Bosch shows something that is real
325
00:25:39,860 --> 00:25:41,440
and that is actual
326
00:25:41,530 --> 00:25:45,740
and that he criticizes
also in the courtly life.
327
00:25:45,820 --> 00:25:47,910
I mean, all the sins are there.
328
00:25:47,990 --> 00:25:49,870
All the sins are there.
329
00:25:49,950 --> 00:25:53,160
[light dramatic music]
330
00:26:32,330 --> 00:26:37,250
[man, in Spanish] As artists, we have
the ability to animate the inanimate.
331
00:26:40,750 --> 00:26:43,040
I see concomitants here with the comic.
332
00:26:43,130 --> 00:26:46,840
Because it has a lot of
drawing. It has narrative.
333
00:26:49,300 --> 00:26:51,930
Bosch worked by commission.
334
00:26:52,010 --> 00:26:58,060
I know how to please the client,
without ceasing to be yourself
335
00:26:58,140 --> 00:27:03,940
and, if you can, slipping your
own concerns into the work.
336
00:27:04,020 --> 00:27:07,860
I think Bosch did that magnificently.
337
00:27:13,120 --> 00:27:14,410
[Cabrero] He has a technique,
338
00:27:15,370 --> 00:27:18,830
with very fine glazes, full of nuances,
339
00:27:18,910 --> 00:27:22,080
and minimal brushstrokes.
340
00:27:22,170 --> 00:27:27,010
We see in places that he let the drop fall.
341
00:27:27,090 --> 00:27:31,590
He also painted the terminations
with a magnifying glass.
342
00:27:31,680 --> 00:27:36,390
For example, here, the
rouge on this shepherd
343
00:27:36,470 --> 00:27:40,100
is done with lines of brushstrokes,
344
00:27:40,190 --> 00:27:45,150
and these expressive eyes
are done with a detail
345
00:27:45,230 --> 00:27:52,030
that requires a magnifying glass
and an extremely fine brush
346
00:27:52,110 --> 00:27:56,870
and tremendous precision in the stroke.
347
00:28:00,120 --> 00:28:05,960
The layers of color are
done by mixing the pigments
348
00:28:06,040 --> 00:28:09,380
with linseed oil, with egg yolk,
349
00:28:09,460 --> 00:28:11,010
with egg white.
350
00:28:11,090 --> 00:28:12,880
There are many materials,
351
00:28:12,970 --> 00:28:16,760
and those recipes are no longer known.
352
00:28:16,850 --> 00:28:18,060
They've been lost.
353
00:28:18,140 --> 00:28:20,520
-They were his secrets. -They were.
354
00:28:21,230 --> 00:28:24,980
Bosch's family were all painters.
355
00:28:25,060 --> 00:28:27,770
-Yes, his father, his
grandfather. -That's right.
356
00:28:27,860 --> 00:28:31,700
And they passed on those
recipes, like cooking recipes,
357
00:28:31,780 --> 00:28:34,610
as to how to make colors.
358
00:28:34,700 --> 00:28:37,160
-Family secrets. -Hmm.
359
00:28:38,450 --> 00:28:39,580
Yes.
360
00:28:41,830 --> 00:28:44,170
[in Spanish] We'll start
with God the Father.
361
00:28:51,510 --> 00:28:55,090
When you tell me, I'll look
to see if we're at the edge.
362
00:28:56,470 --> 00:28:59,010
-You can look now. -Okay.
363
00:28:59,100 --> 00:29:01,680
[woman, in Spanish]
Thanks to the infra-red,
364
00:29:01,770 --> 00:29:03,440
we can see the underlying drawing,
365
00:29:03,520 --> 00:29:09,610
and the X-ray lets us see all
the stages of the painting.
366
00:29:09,690 --> 00:29:15,240
The surface of the painting now
lets us see what changes were made,
367
00:29:15,320 --> 00:29:19,370
including those done at the
last minute on the surface.
368
00:29:19,450 --> 00:29:23,830
It goes a bit deeper than what is visible.
369
00:29:23,910 --> 00:29:26,040
And it's particularly effective
370
00:29:26,120 --> 00:29:28,290
for seeing the underlying drawing
371
00:29:28,380 --> 00:29:30,050
especially if, as the Flemish did,
372
00:29:30,130 --> 00:29:33,470
he drew in black on a white background.
373
00:29:33,550 --> 00:29:37,470
And that is precisely what Bosch did.
374
00:29:38,550 --> 00:29:43,930
Was he thinking about the kind
of painting that we see now,
375
00:29:44,020 --> 00:29:46,190
or did he think of the concept
376
00:29:46,270 --> 00:29:48,650
in an entirely different fashion?
377
00:29:48,730 --> 00:29:50,320
And all these things, we don't know.
378
00:29:50,400 --> 00:29:51,570
It's like an archaeology.
379
00:29:51,650 --> 00:29:53,690
We do like an archaeology of the image.
380
00:29:53,780 --> 00:29:57,320
But the interesting change that occurs here
381
00:29:57,410 --> 00:30:00,530
is in the type of face of the Creator
382
00:30:00,620 --> 00:30:02,870
and in the direction where he's looking at.
383
00:30:05,250 --> 00:30:09,000
The Creator is not now the
man with the long beard,
384
00:30:09,080 --> 00:30:12,210
which many people associate
with God the Father.
385
00:30:13,460 --> 00:30:17,720
But he has given the Creator
the shape of Christ the Son.
386
00:30:21,180 --> 00:30:25,100
And since Adam and Eve were
created in the image of God,
387
00:30:25,180 --> 00:30:29,520
I think that Bosch wanted
to emphasize their identity
388
00:30:29,600 --> 00:30:34,110
as being created in the
image and likeness of God.
389
00:30:34,190 --> 00:30:37,650
And in order to show that,
he would need to present God
390
00:30:37,740 --> 00:30:41,990
with an image that is very
similar to the human face.
391
00:30:43,660 --> 00:30:46,960
The Creator was looking
in the direction of Adam.
392
00:30:47,040 --> 00:30:49,750
Now, as many people have observed,
393
00:30:49,830 --> 00:30:52,340
the Creator is looking at the viewer.
394
00:30:52,420 --> 00:30:54,250
And he really pierces at you
395
00:30:54,340 --> 00:31:00,430
as if to involve the viewer
in the Creation scene.
396
00:31:04,350 --> 00:31:08,310
[in Spanish] When you look at
those eyes, they speak to you.
397
00:31:08,390 --> 00:31:11,810
When I do a portrait, I like the
person to look at the camera.
398
00:31:11,900 --> 00:31:14,480
Because what those eyes say...
399
00:31:16,030 --> 00:31:18,240
The eyes never lie.
400
00:31:33,840 --> 00:31:36,250
[Maroto] My relationship with The Garden
401
00:31:36,340 --> 00:31:39,420
began long before I joined
the museum, of course.
402
00:31:39,510 --> 00:31:43,600
I used to come here when I was younger.
403
00:31:43,680 --> 00:31:47,060
Well, much younger. That's
almost ancient history.
404
00:31:47,140 --> 00:31:52,400
And the guard opened and
closed the panels every day.
405
00:31:52,480 --> 00:31:57,780
So it's something I knew
from seeing it so often.
406
00:32:04,910 --> 00:32:09,120
In working very directly
with Bosch and his work,
407
00:32:09,200 --> 00:32:12,870
one of the things I most liked studying
was the whole creative process--
408
00:32:12,960 --> 00:32:17,170
how he worked from the underlying
drawing to the surface.
409
00:32:19,710 --> 00:32:21,630
Look at those parallel lines
410
00:32:21,720 --> 00:32:24,640
which he makes in the underlying drawing,
411
00:32:24,720 --> 00:32:26,810
as if he'd applied carmine.
412
00:32:28,060 --> 00:32:31,180
He uses very fine brushes. It
requires great skill to do this.
413
00:32:31,270 --> 00:32:33,270
All of these creatures, all these--
414
00:32:33,350 --> 00:32:36,270
most of them have highlights.
415
00:32:36,360 --> 00:32:41,900
And at those times when the highlight
sticks out, he doesn't care.
416
00:32:41,990 --> 00:32:43,820
But in order to do those things,
417
00:32:43,910 --> 00:32:46,780
he probably had to lay
the painting horizontal
418
00:32:46,870 --> 00:32:48,330
and do it like this...
419
00:32:48,410 --> 00:32:51,910
Because a bit of ink could have dripped,
420
00:32:52,000 --> 00:32:53,790
no matter how thick it was.
421
00:32:53,870 --> 00:32:57,500
It's been variously said that
he drew with his left hand,
422
00:32:57,590 --> 00:32:58,840
with his right,
423
00:32:58,920 --> 00:33:00,510
that he was left-handed, that he wasn't,
424
00:33:00,590 --> 00:33:02,170
that there were two painters.
425
00:33:02,260 --> 00:33:05,140
But in fact, he could move the painting--
426
00:33:05,220 --> 00:33:09,010
put it the right way
up, the other way round.
427
00:33:09,100 --> 00:33:10,810
For example, I'm not left-handed,
428
00:33:10,890 --> 00:33:13,810
but I can make strokes as if I were.
429
00:33:13,890 --> 00:33:18,980
Maybe not outlines, but I can make strokes.
430
00:33:19,070 --> 00:33:26,110
Another thing he always
does is line the contours
431
00:33:26,200 --> 00:33:28,410
with either light or shade.
432
00:33:28,490 --> 00:33:31,200
He lines them with a suitable tone.
433
00:33:31,290 --> 00:33:33,660
For example, this is in the light,
434
00:33:33,750 --> 00:33:36,040
and he lines it with a white tone.
435
00:33:36,120 --> 00:33:38,540
But here, he doesn't want it in the light
436
00:33:38,630 --> 00:33:40,590
because the light's coming from the left,
437
00:33:40,670 --> 00:33:44,260
so he lines it with the
same tone as the cloak.
438
00:33:45,470 --> 00:33:47,590
Everyone doesn't usually do this.
439
00:33:47,680 --> 00:33:51,140
They are completely new
things that he does,
440
00:33:51,220 --> 00:33:54,270
because he draws like a painter
and paints like a drawer.
441
00:33:54,350 --> 00:33:57,560
[string music]
442
00:34:19,380 --> 00:34:24,210
[man, in French] The painter
shows what is invisible.
443
00:34:25,130 --> 00:34:29,840
Bosch also adds his imagination.
444
00:34:31,140 --> 00:34:33,100
Here everything is possible.
445
00:34:33,180 --> 00:34:34,390
[music continues]
446
00:34:38,350 --> 00:34:41,900
[man, in Chinese] Many birds form
shapes as if they were clouds.
447
00:34:41,980 --> 00:34:44,940
I've seen that he, too, paints this.
448
00:34:47,030 --> 00:34:51,280
Yes, I see many links
between this work and mine.
449
00:34:51,370 --> 00:34:54,620
For example, many animals drinking.
450
00:34:54,700 --> 00:34:56,700
I have a work called The Legacy
451
00:34:56,790 --> 00:35:03,340
which shows tigers, bears,
pandas, lions, wolves, goats.
452
00:35:03,420 --> 00:35:06,630
All sharing the water at the last pool.
453
00:35:06,710 --> 00:35:11,090
It's a metaphor for the end of the world.
454
00:35:15,850 --> 00:35:19,770
From the perspective of
eastern civilization,
455
00:35:19,850 --> 00:35:24,320
paintings are narrative scrolls
which have to be unrolled.
456
00:35:24,400 --> 00:35:28,860
Like this painting, Along the
River During the Qingming Festival.
457
00:35:28,950 --> 00:35:32,120
It transmits change in time and space.
458
00:35:32,200 --> 00:35:34,490
It is the city of Kaifeng.
459
00:35:34,580 --> 00:35:39,160
It's a work in which spaces
surge from within time.
460
00:35:39,250 --> 00:35:44,710
That is why The Garden represents
the history of humanity.
461
00:35:44,790 --> 00:35:46,000
[music continues]
462
00:36:06,980 --> 00:36:10,820
[Restrepo] Each of us is going to see
something different in those stories,
463
00:36:10,900 --> 00:36:14,030
but he's telling many
stories and he plays with us.
464
00:36:14,120 --> 00:36:15,700
He plays with the observer.
465
00:36:15,780 --> 00:36:17,910
[in English] I love this, too,
this image of the people--
466
00:36:17,990 --> 00:36:22,210
Almost the idea of
whispering, of secrets and...
467
00:36:23,170 --> 00:36:27,050
one imagines, untruths.
468
00:36:27,130 --> 00:36:28,880
But it looks conspiratorial.
469
00:36:28,960 --> 00:36:31,130
It doesn't look like an
innocent conversation.
470
00:36:32,050 --> 00:36:33,890
[Falkenburg] They are forms of conversation
471
00:36:33,970 --> 00:36:37,560
that actually mirror what we--
and they-- as an audience,
472
00:36:37,640 --> 00:36:40,140
were doing standing in
front of the painting.
473
00:36:40,220 --> 00:36:43,900
-[Nooteboom] Those people had
read the Roman de la rose. -Yes.
474
00:36:43,980 --> 00:36:49,150
They had read many other
Dutch-language fables
475
00:36:49,230 --> 00:36:51,320
and symbolic tales.
476
00:36:51,400 --> 00:36:54,570
They would probably-- which
I would never do-- [chuckles]
477
00:36:54,660 --> 00:36:56,570
But they would probably point to things
478
00:36:56,660 --> 00:36:59,580
and literally touch things
and say this and that
479
00:36:59,660 --> 00:37:01,700
and I think this is this.
480
00:37:02,460 --> 00:37:04,710
[man, in French] Who is the prince?
481
00:37:04,790 --> 00:37:09,460
Who has the money to commission
someone to paint this kind of work?
482
00:37:09,550 --> 00:37:12,590
And then it will be exhibited somewhere.
483
00:37:12,670 --> 00:37:16,890
It's intended to be seen by
people to produce an effect.
484
00:37:23,020 --> 00:37:25,440
[Falkenburg] What we know is
that the painting was seen
485
00:37:25,520 --> 00:37:30,230
in the palace of the
count Henry III of Nassau,
486
00:37:30,320 --> 00:37:35,030
who belonged to the highest
nobility of Burgundian court.
487
00:37:35,110 --> 00:37:38,280
[light music]
488
00:37:44,120 --> 00:37:45,460
[woman] It is most likely
489
00:37:45,540 --> 00:37:48,000
that is was Engelbrecht of Nassau
490
00:37:48,080 --> 00:37:50,420
who gave the commission for the painting.
491
00:37:51,340 --> 00:37:56,130
And he had to take care of both his nephew,
492
00:37:56,220 --> 00:37:59,800
Henry III, and Philip the Fair.
493
00:38:00,890 --> 00:38:04,980
I think that he commissioned
The Garden of Earthly Delights
494
00:38:05,060 --> 00:38:08,310
for their entertainment and education.
495
00:38:08,400 --> 00:38:11,150
Because they were used to this--
496
00:38:11,230 --> 00:38:13,110
have discussion together.
497
00:38:13,190 --> 00:38:14,780
That was the fun.
498
00:38:14,860 --> 00:38:17,490
The fun thing is men and women
499
00:38:17,570 --> 00:38:19,700
having discussions together
500
00:38:19,780 --> 00:38:24,120
about important topics like:
501
00:38:24,200 --> 00:38:26,540
What is natural behavior?
502
00:38:26,620 --> 00:38:28,670
What is courtly behavior?
503
00:38:28,750 --> 00:38:30,170
What is a sin?
504
00:38:30,250 --> 00:38:32,460
Is it sinful to listen to nature,
505
00:38:32,550 --> 00:38:34,840
or is it not?
506
00:38:36,170 --> 00:38:39,010
In a sense, it's also like a mirror,
507
00:38:39,090 --> 00:38:42,180
uh, giving thought for speculation.
508
00:38:42,260 --> 00:38:43,430
[music continues]
509
00:38:54,780 --> 00:38:57,070
[Falkenburg] Fifty years after Bosch dies,
510
00:38:57,150 --> 00:38:59,860
the duke of Alba comes to the Netherlands
511
00:38:59,950 --> 00:39:03,080
in order to suppress the
revolution of the Protestants.
512
00:39:03,160 --> 00:39:06,120
And one of the first things he
does is he goes after the painting.
513
00:39:06,200 --> 00:39:08,710
He confiscates the possessions
of William of Orange
514
00:39:08,790 --> 00:39:11,380
who got the painting through heritage.
515
00:39:13,250 --> 00:39:16,590
[Maroto, in Spanish] William of
Orange was a very important figure
516
00:39:16,670 --> 00:39:18,470
at the court of Charles V.
517
00:39:18,550 --> 00:39:22,300
When Charles V left St. Gudula in Brussels
518
00:39:22,390 --> 00:39:24,220
after abdicating,
519
00:39:24,310 --> 00:39:25,970
he leaned on Philip's shoulder
520
00:39:26,060 --> 00:39:27,600
and on that of William of Orange.
521
00:39:27,680 --> 00:39:31,230
So he was someone very close to them.
522
00:39:31,310 --> 00:39:33,560
But he rose up against Philip
523
00:39:33,650 --> 00:39:36,900
and, of course, abandoned Brussels.
524
00:39:36,980 --> 00:39:38,690
[Falkenburg] William of
Orange flees the country,
525
00:39:38,780 --> 00:39:42,160
and Alba immediately
confiscates the painting.
526
00:39:42,240 --> 00:39:44,700
[Klein] When he came,
the painting was gone.
527
00:39:44,780 --> 00:39:46,200
They have been hiding it.
528
00:39:46,290 --> 00:39:48,410
But Alba really wanted
to have this painting.
529
00:39:48,500 --> 00:39:52,080
It was very important for him,
so he moved heaven and earth.
530
00:39:52,170 --> 00:39:56,750
He even tortured the
custodian of the palace.
531
00:39:56,840 --> 00:40:00,260
They pulled out the custodian's
toenails and fingernails.
532
00:40:00,340 --> 00:40:04,140
They did everything until he
told them where The Garden was.
533
00:40:14,190 --> 00:40:17,400
[upbeat orchestral music]
534
00:40:34,170 --> 00:40:38,300
Philip II bought it in 1591
and brought it to the Escorial.
535
00:40:38,380 --> 00:40:43,800
But it wasn't intended to be among the
religious paintings in the Escorial,
536
00:40:43,880 --> 00:40:50,270
but for the space where the monarch
and his family had their rooms.
537
00:40:51,730 --> 00:40:55,020
[singing aria in Italian]
538
00:41:11,410 --> 00:41:15,210
[woman, in Spanish] Did he torment
himself thinking that perhaps
539
00:41:15,290 --> 00:41:21,670
his destiny could be to go to that
dark, fiery place that is hell?
540
00:41:21,760 --> 00:41:24,010
[man, in English] I'm a bit
skeptical about that interpretation,
541
00:41:24,090 --> 00:41:25,640
I must say.
542
00:41:25,720 --> 00:41:28,180
I think he really enjoyed
the detail of the painting,
543
00:41:28,260 --> 00:41:30,260
really enjoyed looking at it.
544
00:41:30,350 --> 00:41:33,390
One has to remember he's also the king
545
00:41:33,480 --> 00:41:38,400
who commissions Titian to paint the
nudes out of Ovid for his bedroom.
546
00:41:38,480 --> 00:41:43,610
So he was the ascetic king we
associate with El Escorial.
547
00:41:43,690 --> 00:41:46,660
But he didn't mind
looking at a little flesh.
548
00:41:46,740 --> 00:41:50,280
[man singing aria]
549
00:42:02,670 --> 00:42:08,430
[man, in Spanish] Philip II was a man
who believed that his deeds on earth
550
00:42:08,510 --> 00:42:10,470
would be judged by God.
551
00:42:10,550 --> 00:42:12,140
He was convinced of that.
552
00:42:12,220 --> 00:42:17,100
So he surrounded himself with
things that could inspire...
553
00:42:17,940 --> 00:42:22,020
his religious and moral concepts of life.
554
00:42:22,110 --> 00:42:23,320
[singing continues]
555
00:42:25,440 --> 00:42:28,570
The Garden of Earthly Delights
was painted with a function.
556
00:42:28,660 --> 00:42:31,080
It was made for certain reasons
557
00:42:31,160 --> 00:42:35,580
that were in perfect harmony
with Philip II's morals.
558
00:42:44,000 --> 00:42:48,510
[Iglesias] Philip II was
a great Renaissance prince
559
00:42:48,590 --> 00:42:53,390
and one of the most important
statesmen that we've had.
560
00:42:53,470 --> 00:42:56,020
He was an intelligent, cultured man.
561
00:42:56,100 --> 00:43:00,940
So I understand his
fascination with Bosch's work
562
00:43:01,020 --> 00:43:03,820
as the fascination of someone
563
00:43:03,900 --> 00:43:09,160
who knows that appearance and
what he is told is not enough.
564
00:43:13,780 --> 00:43:16,160
[opera continues]
565
00:43:30,760 --> 00:43:35,720
[Falkenburg] There is a
legend that Philip II,
566
00:43:35,810 --> 00:43:40,310
when he was dying here in the Escorial,
567
00:43:40,390 --> 00:43:42,190
he had an image--
568
00:43:42,270 --> 00:43:45,900
a painting by Bosch--
brought to his deathbed.
569
00:43:46,940 --> 00:43:51,280
And we know from certain letters
that he advises his children
570
00:43:51,360 --> 00:43:54,030
to carefully look at
the paintings by Bosch.
571
00:43:54,120 --> 00:43:58,160
It seems to suggest that, for Philip II,
572
00:43:58,250 --> 00:44:03,040
paintings by Hieronymus Bosch
contain some form of wisdom
573
00:44:03,130 --> 00:44:05,670
that he can learn from
even on his deathbed.
574
00:44:05,750 --> 00:44:08,960
[light music]
575
00:44:31,860 --> 00:44:37,370
[Büttner] Sigüenza, the
librarian of the Escorial,
576
00:44:37,450 --> 00:44:40,250
wrote on this painting, um,
577
00:44:40,330 --> 00:44:43,870
the king's love for Hieronymus Bosch,
578
00:44:43,960 --> 00:44:47,500
called this painting,
because of this detail,
579
00:44:47,590 --> 00:44:49,460
the madroño painting.
580
00:44:52,260 --> 00:44:55,340
[Max] I think that in the first
recorded mention of the painting,
581
00:44:55,430 --> 00:44:58,930
it's called a painting showing
the variety of the world.
582
00:44:59,010 --> 00:45:00,850
Which I think is very accurate
583
00:45:00,930 --> 00:45:04,400
because this is almost encyclopedic.
584
00:45:04,480 --> 00:45:07,940
The title has always struck
me as very deeply ironic,
585
00:45:08,020 --> 00:45:10,570
to say that this is a
garden or earthly delight.
586
00:45:10,650 --> 00:45:12,700
The garden of delights? Yes.
587
00:45:12,780 --> 00:45:14,740
Garden of earthly delights? No.
588
00:45:14,820 --> 00:45:17,870
[in English] It's a really good
title. That's why it's lasted so long.
589
00:45:17,950 --> 00:45:21,500
And we don't know what the
title was, do we? I think.
590
00:45:23,120 --> 00:45:26,170
[woman, in Spanish] It was first
called Variety of the World.
591
00:45:26,250 --> 00:45:30,000
Father Sigüenza also
referred to it as that.
592
00:45:30,090 --> 00:45:35,800
It was he who encouraged
Philip II to acquire it,
593
00:45:35,890 --> 00:45:40,220
because he said that it wasn't heretical.
594
00:45:40,310 --> 00:45:42,980
It was also called the strawberry painting
595
00:45:43,060 --> 00:45:48,980
because as well as being a
symbol of special delights,
596
00:45:49,060 --> 00:45:50,520
it's ephemeral.
597
00:45:50,610 --> 00:45:56,530
The red fruits that are depicted
are consumed immediately,
598
00:45:56,610 --> 00:46:04,000
and it is an allegory of how pleasure
is also ephemeral in this life.
599
00:46:04,250 --> 00:46:07,460
[string music]
600
00:46:31,440 --> 00:46:33,320
[Rushdie] Those two ideas of the garden--
601
00:46:33,400 --> 00:46:37,990
that it's a place of peace
and meditation and reflection,
602
00:46:38,070 --> 00:46:43,540
or it's a place of extreme
violence and surrealism
603
00:46:43,620 --> 00:46:45,830
and, you know, death
604
00:46:45,910 --> 00:46:49,670
and bizarre metamorphosis
and so on and so on.
605
00:46:49,750 --> 00:46:52,250
I mean, that is in his mind--
606
00:46:52,340 --> 00:46:56,170
Well, I put it in his mind
because that's my idea of Bosch.
607
00:46:56,260 --> 00:46:58,380
I just think this is a painting
608
00:46:58,470 --> 00:47:01,600
like nothing else in the history of art.
609
00:47:06,850 --> 00:47:11,690
[Falkenburg] When the angels
changed their shape into monsters,
610
00:47:11,770 --> 00:47:14,150
they still have wings?
611
00:47:14,230 --> 00:47:16,360
Dark wings, like bats?
612
00:47:16,440 --> 00:47:18,860
Yeah, it's really a beautiful
miniature, isn't it?
613
00:47:18,950 --> 00:47:24,160
[Falkenburg] So this whole understanding
of evil being in the world...
614
00:47:25,240 --> 00:47:28,540
not only by disobedience
615
00:47:28,620 --> 00:47:31,040
but in order to be equal to God,
616
00:47:31,130 --> 00:47:33,500
as a consequence, the bad angels--
617
00:47:33,590 --> 00:47:35,300
the wicked angels, the disobedient angels--
618
00:47:35,380 --> 00:47:37,420
are being driven out of heaven
619
00:47:37,510 --> 00:47:42,050
so they lose the likeness in
which they were created by God.
620
00:47:42,140 --> 00:47:45,350
[dark music]
621
00:47:53,480 --> 00:47:56,900
This story has been represented
by Bosch in the Haywain Triptych,
622
00:47:56,980 --> 00:47:58,820
but it's only alluded to
623
00:47:58,900 --> 00:48:02,160
on the exterior of The
Garden of Earthly Delights
624
00:48:02,240 --> 00:48:04,700
by display of dark and white clouds.
625
00:48:04,780 --> 00:48:07,750
A very dramatic play on
dark and white clouds.
626
00:48:07,830 --> 00:48:10,000
[music continues]
627
00:48:39,320 --> 00:48:41,490
[music continues]
628
00:48:48,330 --> 00:48:52,620
[Falkenburg] "God spoke, and it
was created, and it stood fast."
629
00:48:52,710 --> 00:48:54,630
It stood.
630
00:48:54,710 --> 00:48:58,250
What we see is one huge contradiction
631
00:48:58,340 --> 00:49:00,880
of that sentence.
632
00:49:00,960 --> 00:49:03,970
Nothing stands as it is.
633
00:49:04,050 --> 00:49:07,260
[birds calling]
634
00:49:28,330 --> 00:49:32,080
We know that using a-- a fake owl,
635
00:49:32,160 --> 00:49:35,080
birds would come, fascinated by the owl,
636
00:49:35,170 --> 00:49:38,500
and they would be stuck on the branches.
637
00:49:38,590 --> 00:49:41,000
And then you could take
the birds from the tree.
638
00:49:41,090 --> 00:49:45,010
So this phenomenon, which actually
exists in reality, in nature,
639
00:49:45,090 --> 00:49:49,680
was seen as a metaphor for the devil
640
00:49:49,760 --> 00:49:53,680
who is able to tempt and attract birds--
641
00:49:53,770 --> 00:49:57,860
which at the time were freely
associated with human souls.
642
00:49:57,940 --> 00:49:59,150
[bird calls continue]
643
00:50:09,580 --> 00:50:12,290
[woman, in Spanish] It's very
interesting how the drama evolves.
644
00:50:12,370 --> 00:50:17,000
These little black monsters
coming out of the water
645
00:50:17,080 --> 00:50:23,130
are already starting to show that
the seed of evil is in paradise
646
00:50:23,210 --> 00:50:28,220
and it comes from the purifying,
life-giving element of water.
647
00:50:30,100 --> 00:50:32,560
[Barceló] It's like the
evolution of the species.
648
00:50:32,640 --> 00:50:36,020
You could do a Darwinian
reading of the painting,
649
00:50:36,100 --> 00:50:40,770
based on the mineral from the
jewels of the almost inorganic world
650
00:50:40,860 --> 00:50:46,530
to these kinds of early
batrachians-- toads and salamanders.
651
00:50:46,610 --> 00:50:48,410
Here it's starting to have three heads,
652
00:50:48,490 --> 00:50:52,740
and it's forming a shell, external bones.
653
00:50:52,830 --> 00:50:55,040
It's a metamorphosis.
654
00:50:59,540 --> 00:51:01,920
[Falkenburg] When they
represent the Creation,
655
00:51:02,000 --> 00:51:04,420
they represent two moments.
656
00:51:04,500 --> 00:51:09,260
One, the creation of
Eve from the rib of Adam
657
00:51:09,340 --> 00:51:10,800
in the Garden of Eden.
658
00:51:10,890 --> 00:51:13,810
And the second moment
is when God the Creator
659
00:51:13,890 --> 00:51:15,930
brings Eve to Adam.
660
00:51:16,020 --> 00:51:17,940
Bringing together is understood
661
00:51:18,020 --> 00:51:21,520
as what was called the
institution of marriage.
662
00:51:24,020 --> 00:51:25,820
Bosch has changed something.
663
00:51:26,780 --> 00:51:29,200
It is not the marriage that he's depicting,
664
00:51:29,280 --> 00:51:32,820
nor is it the creation of
Eve from the rib of Adam.
665
00:51:35,200 --> 00:51:38,370
The Bible says that God put Adam to sleep.
666
00:51:40,330 --> 00:51:43,290
And in this dream, he foresaw...
667
00:51:44,250 --> 00:51:47,710
the redemption of mankind on the cross,
668
00:51:47,800 --> 00:51:54,550
where Christ-- who is called
the new Adam, the new man--
669
00:51:55,220 --> 00:51:57,850
redeems the sins of the old Adam.
670
00:51:57,930 --> 00:52:01,140
[light music]
671
00:52:12,360 --> 00:52:14,740
And then it is striking to see
672
00:52:14,830 --> 00:52:20,910
how Bosch depicts the Creator
with the face of Christ
673
00:52:21,000 --> 00:52:26,210
and Eve in a fashion as
if they are marrying.
674
00:52:26,300 --> 00:52:30,670
Who is the new Eve? That is the Church.
675
00:52:30,760 --> 00:52:33,470
If this interpretation is correct...
676
00:52:34,430 --> 00:52:36,720
Adam is actually dreaming.
677
00:52:36,810 --> 00:52:39,180
Adam is having a vision.
678
00:52:39,270 --> 00:52:41,770
Adam has a dream vision.
679
00:52:42,270 --> 00:52:43,440
[music continues]
680
00:53:00,450 --> 00:53:06,080
[man, in Spanish] Bosch painted his
works about the creation of humanity.
681
00:53:07,750 --> 00:53:13,090
I've taken a part of the Haywain
682
00:53:13,180 --> 00:53:19,060
that represents the expulsion
of Adam and Eve from paradise.
683
00:53:19,140 --> 00:53:25,400
I've taken a part from the
left of the three panels.
684
00:53:25,480 --> 00:53:28,440
It's a "cryptic."
685
00:53:39,330 --> 00:53:43,540
[Restrepo] He gives them permission
to have sex and reproduce.
686
00:53:43,620 --> 00:53:48,340
So it isn't the sexual
relationship that is sinful.
687
00:53:48,420 --> 00:53:50,210
It's the desire,
688
00:53:50,300 --> 00:53:53,670
represented in the fruits
that are in the painting.
689
00:53:55,340 --> 00:53:58,760
[Barceló] It looks like they're taking
LSD, doesn't it? With those red tablets.
690
00:53:58,850 --> 00:54:02,220
It's like the ticket to hell.
691
00:54:02,310 --> 00:54:03,480
[music continues]
692
00:54:13,650 --> 00:54:18,620
[Falkenburg] So God sends them
out after the Fall into the world.
693
00:54:18,700 --> 00:54:20,830
to procreate
694
00:54:20,910 --> 00:54:22,790
and to govern the world.
695
00:54:22,870 --> 00:54:24,960
Well, actually, in the central panel even,
696
00:54:25,040 --> 00:54:27,920
you start to see that the
world is governing man,
697
00:54:28,000 --> 00:54:30,380
not man is governing the world.
698
00:54:34,670 --> 00:54:37,630
[Rushdie] Everybody is in
that kind of state of nature,
699
00:54:37,720 --> 00:54:42,010
but what is happening in the
state of nature is... madness.
700
00:54:45,730 --> 00:54:49,310
[in Spanish] It's like candy
for children, that pink color.
701
00:54:49,400 --> 00:54:52,320
The painting seems to have flavor too.
702
00:54:52,400 --> 00:54:55,820
This invites you to come in and enjoy
703
00:54:55,900 --> 00:54:57,490
and... and to participate.
704
00:54:57,570 --> 00:54:59,410
That's for certain. Yeah.
705
00:54:59,490 --> 00:55:02,530
[in Spanish] It's like they'd
released pheromones in an ant hill.
706
00:55:03,660 --> 00:55:06,710
[funky music]
707
00:55:35,230 --> 00:55:36,400
[music continues]
708
00:55:49,210 --> 00:55:53,040
[in Spanish] Perhaps heaven
is the earth. It's the center.
709
00:55:53,130 --> 00:55:55,170
It's the question we ask, isn't it?
710
00:55:55,250 --> 00:55:59,300
For the profane spectator,
heaven is in the center.
711
00:56:02,140 --> 00:56:04,550
[Iglesias, in Spanish] It isn't
the paradise created by God,
712
00:56:04,640 --> 00:56:09,060
but it does have to do
with that image of a place
713
00:56:09,140 --> 00:56:11,730
where you don't have to work,
714
00:56:11,810 --> 00:56:16,110
where you can practice sex in any way.
715
00:56:16,190 --> 00:56:18,070
They're bathing. They're reveling.
716
00:56:18,150 --> 00:56:23,320
But, at the same time, there
is a constant sense of danger,
717
00:56:23,410 --> 00:56:25,830
of grief, of pain.
718
00:56:28,330 --> 00:56:30,960
[man, in English] They don't seem to
be having a particularly great time.
719
00:56:31,040 --> 00:56:33,040
And, yes, there is a lot of eroticism,
720
00:56:33,120 --> 00:56:35,250
but it's very cold eroticism somehow.
721
00:56:35,340 --> 00:56:37,750
-It's not-- It's not a sexy
picture. -Acted out. No, it's not.
722
00:56:37,840 --> 00:56:42,180
It's sort of acted and
somewhat forced in some cases.
723
00:56:42,260 --> 00:56:47,310
[in Spanish] Essentially,
the greatest sin was lust,
724
00:56:47,390 --> 00:56:50,060
lust as the most terrible sin
725
00:56:50,140 --> 00:56:51,940
which was the cause of everything.
726
00:56:52,020 --> 00:56:54,270
It's what we see here.
727
00:56:54,350 --> 00:56:56,150
Lust is an important element.
728
00:56:56,230 --> 00:56:59,530
It seems that it's the essential center.
729
00:56:59,610 --> 00:57:02,030
[man] I think one of my
favorite parts of this painting
730
00:57:02,110 --> 00:57:06,280
is the two figures who are making
love inside a mussel shell.
731
00:57:06,370 --> 00:57:10,580
And you just think, what is going
on there? Why are they doing that?
732
00:57:10,660 --> 00:57:12,710
But it's one of those images
that remains with you,
733
00:57:12,790 --> 00:57:17,380
and you always think about this
as this totally surreal, insane...
734
00:57:17,460 --> 00:57:19,550
One striking thing is this arm.
735
00:57:19,630 --> 00:57:23,340
This arm is reaching out for a fish that,
736
00:57:23,430 --> 00:57:24,970
according to many art historians,
737
00:57:25,050 --> 00:57:27,970
is a symbol of-- of lust.
738
00:57:28,050 --> 00:57:31,020
Actually, of the male sexual organ.
739
00:57:31,100 --> 00:57:35,810
The position of the hand
and the two balls...
740
00:57:36,940 --> 00:57:40,360
tell you something about what
is going on inside this cup.
741
00:57:43,030 --> 00:57:44,780
[Restrepo, in Spanish] They're having fun.
742
00:57:44,860 --> 00:57:47,280
They don't seem to be harming anyone.
743
00:57:47,370 --> 00:57:50,740
They suddenly meet. They share the fruit.
744
00:57:50,830 --> 00:57:53,830
They frolic. Those ones are kissing.
745
00:57:53,910 --> 00:57:57,000
[Elliott] I'm fascinated by the
degree of realism in certain points.
746
00:57:57,080 --> 00:57:59,790
I mean, if you look at the
two Africans, for instance.
747
00:57:59,880 --> 00:58:02,010
He's quite clearly seen Africans--
748
00:58:02,090 --> 00:58:05,010
probably in Antwerp or in the
Netherlands-- who were slaves.
749
00:58:05,090 --> 00:58:07,180
-There was a slave market.
-As he has the birds.
750
00:58:07,260 --> 00:58:09,470
There are, like, eight or
ten birds-- He has the birds.
751
00:58:09,550 --> 00:58:12,810
...that you can identify, as a biologist.
752
00:58:13,770 --> 00:58:16,690
[man] Are these birds good
things? Are they scary?
753
00:58:16,770 --> 00:58:19,770
I, personally, would be quite
scared by a giant kingfisher.
754
00:58:19,860 --> 00:58:23,610
But it's-- No one in the painting
seems that bothered by them.
755
00:58:23,690 --> 00:58:26,740
It's a sort of strange, upside-down world.
756
00:58:28,240 --> 00:58:32,990
[Onfray, in French] We see that the
birds, animals, minerals, vegetables--
757
00:58:33,080 --> 00:58:35,500
they all work in harmony
758
00:58:35,580 --> 00:58:39,880
and in a different way
from the earthly order.
759
00:58:39,960 --> 00:58:42,420
At times, butterflies are bigger than men
760
00:58:42,500 --> 00:58:44,960
and men are smaller than ducks.
761
00:58:46,050 --> 00:58:49,050
It's a diverse, manifold
world but, at the same time,
762
00:58:49,140 --> 00:58:51,050
it contains the truth of Christianity.
763
00:58:51,140 --> 00:58:54,220
You needn't wait for
that truth from a priest.
764
00:58:54,310 --> 00:58:56,390
This is an artist's truth.
765
00:59:03,150 --> 00:59:06,820
[Falkenburg] Originally,
this fountain was, uh...
766
00:59:07,990 --> 00:59:09,990
had a round shape.
767
00:59:10,070 --> 00:59:12,330
It's almost like a bowl.
768
00:59:12,410 --> 00:59:13,790
Leaflike.
769
00:59:13,870 --> 00:59:16,830
It seems to have some leaflike structure.
770
00:59:17,710 --> 00:59:20,670
But here, you clearly see an egg form.
771
00:59:22,460 --> 00:59:24,750
If we look at the triptych in Lisbon
772
00:59:24,840 --> 00:59:27,130
showing the temptations of St. Anthony,
773
00:59:27,220 --> 00:59:29,470
we see a paten
774
00:59:29,550 --> 00:59:32,720
and we see a frog standing on the paten.
775
00:59:32,800 --> 00:59:36,770
And the frog holds, actually,
an egg on top of his head.
776
00:59:38,020 --> 00:59:39,940
And if you zoom out from this,
777
00:59:40,020 --> 00:59:41,980
you will see, in the central panel,
778
00:59:42,060 --> 00:59:44,770
Christ standing next to the altar,
779
00:59:44,860 --> 00:59:46,480
with a crucifix on it,
780
00:59:46,570 --> 00:59:49,110
to emphasize that that is the real altar.
781
00:59:49,200 --> 00:59:54,530
And then in the foreground, you see
a mock-- a parody of the Eucharist.
782
00:59:54,620 --> 00:59:57,910
If eggs come with the association
783
00:59:58,000 --> 01:00:01,960
of parody of the Host in a triptych,
784
01:00:02,040 --> 01:00:05,630
then he runs here the risk
that the entire triptych
785
01:00:05,710 --> 01:00:09,010
is being seen as a awful parody
786
01:00:09,090 --> 01:00:15,180
on the use of altarpieces
in Eucharistic context.
787
01:00:15,260 --> 01:00:18,770
So for a painter who is-- complies entirely
788
01:00:18,850 --> 01:00:20,980
with traditional religious convictions,
789
01:00:21,060 --> 01:00:24,480
it would have been extremely problematic,
790
01:00:24,560 --> 01:00:26,020
not to use other words,
791
01:00:26,110 --> 01:00:29,240
to create a triptych that could be seen
792
01:00:29,320 --> 01:00:31,990
as a parody on that
very Eucharistic ritual.
793
01:00:32,070 --> 01:00:33,740
That is impossible.
794
01:00:33,820 --> 01:00:35,330
So we have, on the one hand,
795
01:00:35,410 --> 01:00:37,830
a religiously very traditional painter,
796
01:00:37,910 --> 01:00:40,000
who, on the other hand, artistically,
797
01:00:40,080 --> 01:00:42,290
is a fantastic innovator.
798
01:00:51,760 --> 01:00:55,300
[woman, in Spanish] There is a marvelous
futuristic element in the painting.
799
01:00:55,390 --> 01:01:00,390
Some buildings that
could almost be by Gaudí.
800
01:01:00,480 --> 01:01:04,940
[man, in Spanish] They seem
to be made with crab remains.
801
01:01:05,900 --> 01:01:09,820
It's like a mixture of
animals and of modern bombs.
802
01:01:09,900 --> 01:01:13,200
It's really the vision of an artist
803
01:01:13,280 --> 01:01:16,370
who is capable, in some way,
804
01:01:16,450 --> 01:01:18,830
of foreseeing a future
805
01:01:18,910 --> 01:01:26,210
much crueler than his
contemporaries could imagine.
806
01:01:26,790 --> 01:01:28,460
Today we would-- This is--
807
01:01:28,550 --> 01:01:30,510
These look like factories.
808
01:01:30,590 --> 01:01:35,590
It does remind me of sort of a
children's fantasy of a candy factory.
809
01:01:37,800 --> 01:01:41,890
[Barceló] We are not in a
world meant to be lived in.
810
01:01:42,810 --> 01:01:45,850
It's a fever nightmare
or something like that.
811
01:01:45,940 --> 01:01:47,860
It's like a great feverish day.
812
01:01:49,150 --> 01:01:53,950
[woman] ♪ In the land
Of gods and monsters ♪
813
01:01:54,030 --> 01:01:56,570
♪ I was an angel ♪
814
01:01:57,740 --> 01:02:01,040
♪ Livin' in the garden of evil ♪
815
01:02:01,120 --> 01:02:03,120
♪ Screwed up, scared ♪
816
01:02:03,200 --> 01:02:06,960
♪ Doin' anything that I needed ♪
817
01:02:08,210 --> 01:02:11,630
♪ Shinin' like a fiery beacon ♪
818
01:02:11,710 --> 01:02:16,630
♪ You got that medicine I need ♪
819
01:02:16,720 --> 01:02:21,930
♪ Fame, liquor, love Give it to me slowly ♪
820
01:02:22,020 --> 01:02:26,770
♪ Put your hands on my waist Do it softly ♪
821
01:02:26,850 --> 01:02:30,020
♪ Me and God We don't get along ♪
822
01:02:30,110 --> 01:02:33,280
♪ So now I sing ♪
823
01:02:33,360 --> 01:02:38,320
♪ No one's gonna Take my soul away ♪
824
01:02:38,410 --> 01:02:43,790
♪ I'm livin' like Jim Morrison ♪
825
01:02:43,870 --> 01:02:48,460
♪ Headed towards A fucked-up holiday ♪
826
01:02:48,540 --> 01:02:53,130
♪ Motel sprees, sprees And I'm singin' ♪
827
01:02:53,210 --> 01:02:55,720
♪ Fuck, yeah, give it to me ♪
828
01:02:55,800 --> 01:03:00,180
♪ This is heaven What I truly want ♪
829
01:03:01,430 --> 01:03:05,100
♪ It's innocence lost ♪
830
01:03:07,100 --> 01:03:10,690
♪ Innocence lost ♪
831
01:03:17,530 --> 01:03:19,660
[chatter]
832
01:03:19,740 --> 01:03:22,490
[Restrepo, in Spanish] I saw their
fascination when they were looking at it,
833
01:03:22,580 --> 01:03:26,830
how they laughed, how they
were indifferent to paradise
834
01:03:26,910 --> 01:03:29,830
and how they were fascinated by hell.
835
01:03:29,920 --> 01:03:34,090
In some way, I think hell is much more like
836
01:03:34,170 --> 01:03:37,550
the idea we could have
today of having a good time
837
01:03:37,630 --> 01:03:42,800
than that pure, untouched nature,
where water springs forth,
838
01:03:42,890 --> 01:03:47,850
while here there are animals
transformed into perverse monsters.
839
01:03:47,930 --> 01:03:50,560
There's a rabbit doing terrible harm
840
01:03:50,650 --> 01:03:54,020
to that poor man who's upside down.
841
01:03:54,110 --> 01:03:57,030
The animals join with the demons
842
01:03:57,110 --> 01:04:01,570
to torture those poor people
who were eating fruit.
843
01:04:05,580 --> 01:04:07,620
[Rushdie] Most of this is chaos
844
01:04:07,700 --> 01:04:12,080
and painful and... scary
845
01:04:12,170 --> 01:04:13,710
and incredibly contemporary.
846
01:04:13,790 --> 01:04:15,590
The great thing about this painting
847
01:04:15,670 --> 01:04:19,510
is that it doesn't look at
all like... an old picture.
848
01:04:22,140 --> 01:04:24,930
And how do you get out of there?
849
01:04:26,010 --> 01:04:28,390
That's why Dante drew a map of hell...
850
01:04:28,470 --> 01:04:32,230
[flute plays] -...to be
able to get out of hell.
851
01:04:32,310 --> 01:04:35,110
[flute continues]
852
01:04:54,460 --> 01:04:56,460
[in Spanish] There are
intervals-- [hums notes]
853
01:04:56,540 --> 01:05:00,550
...that are pure intervals. [hums notes]
854
01:05:00,630 --> 01:05:02,760
However-- [hums notes]
855
01:05:02,840 --> 01:05:07,260
...one of the intervals
found in the painting
856
01:05:07,350 --> 01:05:11,270
was known as diabolus in
musica-- "the devil in music"--
857
01:05:11,350 --> 01:05:13,440
and represented a forbidden interval.
858
01:05:13,520 --> 01:05:19,360
So it's important to know that this was
undoubtedly planned with a musician.
859
01:05:21,280 --> 01:05:23,910
I can read it. [humming notes]
860
01:05:28,450 --> 01:05:30,910
Yeah. It's very legible.
861
01:05:31,000 --> 01:05:33,410
After 500 years, it's incredible.
862
01:05:33,500 --> 01:05:36,380
[drums beating]
863
01:05:40,420 --> 01:05:43,420
[man, in Spanish] The
instruments in the painting
864
01:05:43,510 --> 01:05:45,840
still exist today.
865
01:05:45,930 --> 01:05:51,270
They're not so far removed
in their form or their use,
866
01:05:51,350 --> 01:05:54,270
as many of them are folk instruments.
867
01:05:55,980 --> 01:05:58,940
The bagpipe-- that stomach--
868
01:05:59,020 --> 01:06:03,490
is about to be cut by a knife
emerging from some ears,
869
01:06:03,570 --> 01:06:06,320
and it seems to be on a table.
870
01:06:07,030 --> 01:06:09,780
This is the same type of bagpipe.
871
01:06:09,870 --> 01:06:12,750
It has a blowpipe, it has a chanter,
872
01:06:12,830 --> 01:06:15,540
and it has a fairly long drone.
873
01:06:18,420 --> 01:06:20,420
There's a chirimia.
874
01:06:20,500 --> 01:06:24,510
Chirimias are no longer used,
but there are still dulzainas.
875
01:06:24,590 --> 01:06:27,720
The dulzaina has the classic shape
876
01:06:27,800 --> 01:06:31,810
as regards where the
reed goes, which is here,
877
01:06:31,890 --> 01:06:34,680
and also the bell.
878
01:06:39,020 --> 01:06:42,690
The hurdy-gurdy has a crank
879
01:06:42,780 --> 01:06:46,320
that moves a shaft that
runs across the instrument.
880
01:06:46,400 --> 01:06:51,240
Bosch places a person
in charge of that crank.
881
01:06:51,330 --> 01:06:55,660
It has to be turned
constantly to produce a sound.
882
01:06:55,750 --> 01:06:58,620
Another thing that catches our eye
883
01:06:58,710 --> 01:07:03,840
is a bowl that could contain
grease for lubricating the shaft,
884
01:07:03,920 --> 01:07:06,510
because otherwise the
hurdy-gurdy sounds bad.
885
01:07:06,590 --> 01:07:09,800
[hurdy-gurdy music]
886
01:07:20,060 --> 01:07:23,940
[Falkenburg] Some of these
images, like this huge salamander,
887
01:07:24,030 --> 01:07:27,030
with an enormous belly,
888
01:07:27,110 --> 01:07:29,910
is painted in exceptionally--
in exceptional detail.
889
01:07:29,990 --> 01:07:32,580
And then still changed.
890
01:07:32,660 --> 01:07:35,240
[woman] It was finished.
It was finished even.
891
01:07:35,330 --> 01:07:38,830
And inside his belly, we find
892
01:07:38,920 --> 01:07:41,500
at least one human being.
893
01:07:41,580 --> 01:07:45,550
Possibly-- Is this an arm
of another? I don't know.
894
01:07:45,630 --> 01:07:47,260
And I'm saying this, of course,
895
01:07:47,340 --> 01:07:50,720
based on the image that you
find in the central panel.
896
01:07:50,800 --> 01:07:53,970
-[woman] And a book. -And a book. A book.
897
01:07:55,390 --> 01:07:57,350
So why did he change it?
898
01:07:59,310 --> 01:08:02,480
[dark music]
899
01:08:35,140 --> 01:08:38,390
[in Spanish] When you remove...
900
01:08:38,470 --> 01:08:40,980
the narrative from the work,
901
01:08:41,060 --> 01:08:43,230
the background becomes the protagonist.
902
01:08:43,310 --> 01:08:46,190
Remove the narrative and you're left
with the architecture, the stage.
903
01:08:46,270 --> 01:08:49,780
And first, artists appear on the stage,
904
01:08:49,860 --> 01:08:53,490
artists who, 200, 300, or 500 years later,
905
01:08:53,570 --> 01:08:55,660
in some way meet up again.
906
01:08:55,740 --> 01:08:57,910
[dark music]
907
01:09:10,960 --> 01:09:14,260
[Falkenburg] The followers
of Bosch were inspired
908
01:09:14,340 --> 01:09:18,390
not only by the way he
drew devils and demons,
909
01:09:18,470 --> 01:09:21,980
but they were also inspired by the way--
910
01:09:22,060 --> 01:09:25,520
how he suggests the morphic
shapes in the landscape.
911
01:09:25,610 --> 01:09:29,230
And Salvador Dalí picked
out the most obvious example
912
01:09:29,320 --> 01:09:32,820
in The Garden of Earthly
Delights --his face,
913
01:09:32,900 --> 01:09:35,530
with the nose and the mouth
914
01:09:35,610 --> 01:09:37,910
and the kind of a sleepy eye.
915
01:09:42,410 --> 01:09:48,000
Not only do the animals draw
its features in the rock,
916
01:09:48,080 --> 01:09:52,550
they draw the features in my mind.
917
01:09:52,630 --> 01:09:55,970
So I am-- [clicks tongue] infected
918
01:09:56,050 --> 01:10:00,180
by the same dark power by seeing this.
919
01:10:00,260 --> 01:10:04,440
This interaction between viewer and image
920
01:10:04,520 --> 01:10:07,610
is something that we cannot escape.
921
01:10:12,360 --> 01:10:14,280
[in Spanish] These are all portraits.
922
01:10:16,490 --> 01:10:18,370
He modified himself.
923
01:10:18,450 --> 01:10:24,120
He added horns, tattooed... his eye.
924
01:10:26,040 --> 01:10:28,670
I was looking for metamorphosis,
925
01:10:28,750 --> 01:10:33,300
and I found these practices
which are almost unknown to us
926
01:10:33,380 --> 01:10:36,050
and which connect me so
much to that part of Bosch.
927
01:10:36,130 --> 01:10:40,220
And that relationship that
comes to us from our culture,
928
01:10:40,300 --> 01:10:43,930
with mysticism, with pain, with pleasure.
929
01:10:45,940 --> 01:10:48,190
I've been calling it Bosch's Hell,
930
01:10:48,270 --> 01:10:52,320
but for me it isn't a hell.
931
01:10:53,280 --> 01:10:55,240
It's still limbo.
932
01:10:57,820 --> 01:11:01,830
[piano music]
933
01:11:14,170 --> 01:11:20,970
[woman singing in German] ♪
Our Father who art in heaven ♪
934
01:11:21,850 --> 01:11:29,100
♪ Hallowed be thy name ♪
935
01:11:32,570 --> 01:11:39,820
♪ Thy kingdom come ♪
936
01:11:44,240 --> 01:11:51,250
♪ Thy will be done ♪
937
01:11:51,540 --> 01:11:58,880
♪ On earth as it is in heaven ♪
938
01:12:03,100 --> 01:12:10,480
♪ Give us this day Our daily bread ♪
939
01:12:22,240 --> 01:12:29,460
♪ And forgive us Our trespasses ♪
940
01:12:29,750 --> 01:12:37,000
♪ As we forgive those ♪
941
01:12:42,430 --> 01:12:49,730
♪ Who trespass against us ♪
942
01:13:14,120 --> 01:13:21,510
♪ And lead us not Into temptation ♪
943
01:13:25,300 --> 01:13:32,600
♪ But deliver us from evil ♪
944
01:13:39,480 --> 01:13:41,280
[Falkenburg] Where is my likeness?
945
01:13:41,360 --> 01:13:45,700
Is my image and likeness
more like the Creator,
946
01:13:45,780 --> 01:13:49,620
or is my image and likeness
more like the Tree-man?
947
01:13:51,200 --> 01:13:52,960
They offer two perspectives.
948
01:13:53,040 --> 01:13:56,920
They also position me in the triangle
949
01:13:57,000 --> 01:14:00,750
of the lines of vision where they meet.
950
01:14:03,220 --> 01:14:07,010
[Nooteboom] You know, you're not
allowed to have a favorite figure.
951
01:14:07,090 --> 01:14:10,310
but he is my favorite figure.
952
01:14:10,390 --> 01:14:14,270
The way he looks, with
sort of a world weariness.
953
01:14:14,350 --> 01:14:19,820
Hmm? Knowing what he has on
his back and on his head.
954
01:14:19,900 --> 01:14:22,860
[Piñón] The nightmare feeds the dream.
955
01:14:22,940 --> 01:14:24,820
The dream isn't innocent.
956
01:14:24,900 --> 01:14:28,910
Life isn't innocent.
Creation isn't innocent.
957
01:14:28,990 --> 01:14:32,660
So there's panic, there's terror.
958
01:14:32,750 --> 01:14:36,460
But above all, what is underneath,
959
01:14:36,540 --> 01:14:39,080
what is not visible.
960
01:14:39,670 --> 01:14:41,050
You see a lot,
961
01:14:41,130 --> 01:14:43,800
but there's a lot more
to see that isn't shown.
962
01:14:49,720 --> 01:14:53,350
Where is there a rabbit? I saw it.
963
01:14:53,930 --> 01:14:56,100
There's another rabbit.
964
01:14:56,770 --> 01:14:58,230
Where is it?
965
01:14:59,440 --> 01:15:01,270
There was another rabbit.
966
01:15:03,940 --> 01:15:06,610
There's another rabbit somewhere.
967
01:15:06,700 --> 01:15:08,410
In paradise?
968
01:15:09,280 --> 01:15:12,200
Yes, of course. There
it is. It's wonderful.
969
01:15:12,280 --> 01:15:16,370
It's like Totoro-- from the
Japanese cartoon, isn't it?
970
01:15:16,460 --> 01:15:18,750
I think Totoro comes from here.
971
01:15:20,130 --> 01:15:23,420
The look in the rabbit's eyes
972
01:15:23,500 --> 01:15:28,180
is a mixture of indifference
and evil, isn't it?
973
01:15:29,930 --> 01:15:32,970
The rabbit's eye is very striking.
974
01:15:33,810 --> 01:15:36,230
It has a kind of gleam in its eyes.
975
01:15:36,310 --> 01:15:40,020
Also, it's a rabbit playing a horn
976
01:15:40,100 --> 01:15:44,530
and with a tool similar to one
that I use for my ceramic oven.
977
01:15:47,820 --> 01:15:50,200
[Nooteboom] That painting
has been standing there--
978
01:15:50,280 --> 01:15:53,280
or hanging there all these years,
979
01:15:53,370 --> 01:15:56,160
emanating its force,
980
01:15:56,250 --> 01:15:59,420
its soul or whatever you would call it.
981
01:15:59,500 --> 01:16:01,750
People before the French Revolution,
982
01:16:01,830 --> 01:16:03,340
after the French Revolution.
983
01:16:03,420 --> 01:16:05,920
People before Marxism and after.
984
01:16:06,000 --> 01:16:09,380
And people before Auschwitz
and after Auschwitz.
985
01:16:09,470 --> 01:16:13,550
Which means that the
painting has all the time
986
01:16:13,640 --> 01:16:16,640
remained the same material object,
987
01:16:16,720 --> 01:16:19,230
consisting of wood and paint,
988
01:16:19,310 --> 01:16:23,860
but that the eyes belong to heads
989
01:16:23,940 --> 01:16:28,240
of which the minds had completely changed.
990
01:16:32,870 --> 01:16:36,620
[man] Bosch is very influential
for several generations
991
01:16:36,700 --> 01:16:41,170
and then hugely successful with viewers
throughout history up until today.
992
01:16:41,250 --> 01:16:44,250
This is a very busy room in this museum.
993
01:16:44,330 --> 01:16:48,880
But after about 1570 or so,
you don't find any more artists
994
01:16:48,960 --> 01:16:51,050
who are painting Bosch-like paintings.
995
01:16:52,050 --> 01:16:56,600
Slowly, as new scientific
attitudes emerge in the world,
996
01:16:56,680 --> 01:16:59,930
the worldview of Bosch is
losing ground, I would say.
997
01:17:00,020 --> 01:17:01,770
Already in Patinir,
998
01:17:01,850 --> 01:17:05,360
you find that the realistic
impulse is more present here,
999
01:17:05,440 --> 01:17:07,400
and that's why such a
great focus on landscape
1000
01:17:07,480 --> 01:17:10,070
than in Bosch where it's all fantasy.
1001
01:17:14,740 --> 01:17:18,200
[Büttner] If he is staring
at you, you are his next.
1002
01:17:18,290 --> 01:17:20,700
So you are his next passenger.
1003
01:17:22,080 --> 01:17:25,500
And you can decide whether
you want to go to hell
1004
01:17:25,580 --> 01:17:27,960
or whether you want to go to heaven.
1005
01:17:28,920 --> 01:17:31,220
[Falkenburg] You have to
understand the metaphor--
1006
01:17:31,300 --> 01:17:33,970
the biblical metaphor of the broad way
1007
01:17:34,050 --> 01:17:36,050
and the narrow way, the narrow gate,
1008
01:17:36,140 --> 01:17:38,600
that leads you to paradise
1009
01:17:38,680 --> 01:17:41,430
and the broad road that
leads you to perdition.
1010
01:17:41,520 --> 01:17:45,980
And that is, in essence,
what Bosch also teaches us.
1011
01:17:46,060 --> 01:17:49,730
Don't simply trust the
outward appearance of things.
1012
01:17:49,820 --> 01:17:52,610
Try to see through things.
1013
01:18:00,870 --> 01:18:05,250
[vocalizing]
1014
01:18:24,060 --> 01:18:27,100
[continues vocalizing]
1015
01:18:39,740 --> 01:18:42,830
[man, in Spanish] I made it very big,
1016
01:18:43,290 --> 01:18:45,660
area by area,
1017
01:18:45,750 --> 01:18:47,960
drawing by drawing.
1018
01:18:49,330 --> 01:18:52,920
Paradise, the garden of earthly delights,
1019
01:18:53,010 --> 01:18:54,630
and hell.
1020
01:18:57,720 --> 01:19:02,220
[in French] What's important in
life isn't culture. It's life.
1021
01:19:02,310 --> 01:19:06,890
It's people. It's to not
kill, to not harm others,
1022
01:19:06,980 --> 01:19:09,350
to not increase the misery in the world.
1023
01:19:09,440 --> 01:19:12,570
This painting is wonderful
because that's what it says.
1024
01:19:12,650 --> 01:19:16,990
If it were necessary to
destroy works of art,
1025
01:19:17,070 --> 01:19:19,570
we'd have to destroy
many, but not this one.
1026
01:19:25,080 --> 01:19:27,290
[man] Part of the pleasure
is exactly not being able
1027
01:19:27,370 --> 01:19:30,000
to decipher what's going on necessarily.
1028
01:19:30,080 --> 01:19:32,960
And I think a lot of it
remains very memorable
1029
01:19:33,050 --> 01:19:35,090
even though you have no
idea what it's about.
1030
01:19:35,170 --> 01:19:37,970
So you have this urge
to complete the story.
1031
01:19:38,050 --> 01:19:40,720
So, yes, one could write
a-- I'm sure people have.
1032
01:19:40,800 --> 01:19:42,970
You could write a novel
about this painting,
1033
01:19:43,060 --> 01:19:44,770
you know, very easily.
1034
01:19:44,850 --> 01:19:46,770
A novel with a thousand stories.
1035
01:19:46,850 --> 01:19:50,650
It's as if he wanted to tell us
that his works are like books.
1036
01:19:50,730 --> 01:19:53,070
This could be a fantastic opera.
1037
01:19:53,150 --> 01:19:55,860
Counterpoint, polyphony.
1038
01:19:55,940 --> 01:20:00,700
There's a dance here, an immense dance.
1039
01:20:00,780 --> 01:20:02,490
It's enormously theatrical.
1040
01:20:02,570 --> 01:20:08,910
All the passions are
here-- desires, fantasies.
1041
01:20:09,000 --> 01:20:10,460
I look at it very pictorially.
1042
01:20:10,540 --> 01:20:14,500
I say to myself, why is it so moving?
1043
01:20:14,590 --> 01:20:17,170
And the answer, to me, is because it works.
1044
01:20:17,260 --> 01:20:19,170
Perhaps it would be the equivalent
1045
01:20:19,260 --> 01:20:23,760
to something like Dante's Divine
Comedy or Balzac's Human Comedy.
1046
01:20:23,850 --> 01:20:26,140
It's an encyclopedic painting,
1047
01:20:26,220 --> 01:20:29,020
and it's also extremely poetic.
1048
01:20:29,100 --> 01:20:32,100
He's talking about freedom.
1049
01:20:32,190 --> 01:20:34,860
There's a bird, and he's setting it free.
1050
01:20:34,940 --> 01:20:36,780
I've never liked interpretations.
1051
01:20:36,860 --> 01:20:38,860
I prefer literalness.
1052
01:20:38,940 --> 01:20:41,860
There are so many
interpretations that really...
1053
01:20:41,950 --> 01:20:43,490
I can't decide which.
1054
01:20:43,570 --> 01:20:47,120
He's fooling us. It seems
like a pretty melody, but--
1055
01:20:48,240 --> 01:20:49,830
Then he goes in there and--
1056
01:20:49,910 --> 01:20:56,590
To explain what this means,
we'd have to invent words.
1057
01:20:57,380 --> 01:20:58,630
Huh.
1058
01:21:01,970 --> 01:21:03,340
Hmm.
1059
01:21:04,850 --> 01:21:07,220
[Nooteboom] It's what I
mean by "different eyes."
1060
01:21:07,310 --> 01:21:10,230
You know? Because what most people see
1061
01:21:10,310 --> 01:21:12,390
is themselves.
1062
01:21:18,900 --> 01:21:21,570
[light string music]
1063
01:21:25,240 --> 01:21:28,200
[Falkenburg] If we
realize that the painting
1064
01:21:28,290 --> 01:21:30,290
is a mirror image of us
1065
01:21:30,370 --> 01:21:32,710
standing in front of the painting...
1066
01:21:34,000 --> 01:21:37,170
immediately when we look at the interior,
1067
01:21:37,250 --> 01:21:39,250
we start dreaming.
1068
01:21:39,340 --> 01:21:40,550
[music continues]
1069
01:21:49,310 --> 01:21:52,140
That is the phenomenal invention of Bosch,
1070
01:21:52,230 --> 01:21:55,650
to create this kind of
machine, this active machina,
1071
01:21:55,730 --> 01:21:59,190
to fire the imagination of the viewer
1072
01:21:59,270 --> 01:22:03,030
and to push the impulse
of interpretation...
1073
01:22:03,900 --> 01:22:07,280
without ever giving us a clue,
1074
01:22:07,370 --> 01:22:10,490
except for the face of Christ.
1075
01:22:20,210 --> 01:22:22,010
He looks at me.
1076
01:22:28,140 --> 01:22:30,470
And the devil. [chuckles]
1077
01:22:34,180 --> 01:22:37,060
[museum visitors chattering]
1078
01:22:45,400 --> 01:22:48,570
[string music]
1079
01:23:23,110 --> 01:23:26,190
[Falkenburg] The painting
wants to involve the viewer.
1080
01:23:26,280 --> 01:23:28,610
It wants to be understood,
1081
01:23:28,700 --> 01:23:32,780
but it does not want to be solved entirely.
1082
01:23:37,460 --> 01:23:41,750
The author does not want
you to solve the mystery.
1083
01:23:41,840 --> 01:23:45,960
He wants you to remain in the mystery.
1084
01:23:51,720 --> 01:23:54,930
[woman singing in German]
82634
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.