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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:53,264 --> 00:00:57,146 I pity a country that would come up against us. 2 00:00:57,146 --> 00:01:00,244 The synergy with air, land, and sea forces 3 00:01:00,244 --> 00:01:03,399 and our ability to control the battle space 4 00:01:03,399 --> 00:01:06,391 and seize the high ground is devastating. 5 00:01:06,391 --> 00:01:09,468 All countries respect the power of the United States 6 00:01:09,468 --> 00:01:12,331 and they respect how dominant we are in this region. 7 00:01:12,331 --> 00:01:15,664 And we get better and better and better. 8 00:01:32,116 --> 00:01:32,949 Tonight to ten, 9 00:01:32,949 --> 00:01:35,874 a rare glimpse of China's ambitious expansion 10 00:01:35,874 --> 00:01:38,729 in one of the world's most contested regions. 11 00:01:38,729 --> 00:01:40,597 We report from the South China Sea, 12 00:01:40,597 --> 00:01:42,498 where the Chinese are warning off anyone 13 00:01:42,498 --> 00:01:45,782 who comes too close to their building program. 14 00:01:45,782 --> 00:01:46,999 We continue our look this morning 15 00:01:46,999 --> 00:01:49,333 at what China does not want you to see. 16 00:01:49,333 --> 00:01:50,999 The United States says the superpower 17 00:01:50,999 --> 00:01:54,013 is reclaiming land in the South China Sea. 18 00:01:54,013 --> 00:01:56,333 The fact that we're dealing with a situation right now 19 00:01:56,333 --> 00:01:59,888 where we, the US, has to be much more aggressive 20 00:01:59,888 --> 00:02:01,444 in dealing with the Chinese government. 21 00:02:01,444 --> 00:02:02,711 CNN has learned that the US Navy 22 00:02:02,711 --> 00:02:04,543 is about to send a destroyer there. 23 00:02:04,543 --> 00:02:06,463 Let's go to our CNN chief… 24 00:02:06,463 --> 00:02:08,649 CNN got exclusive access to classified 25 00:02:08,649 --> 00:02:12,827 US surveillance flights over the islands. 26 00:02:12,827 --> 00:02:16,469 The threat of China is becoming big news. 27 00:02:16,469 --> 00:02:19,375 The media is beating the drums of war 28 00:02:19,375 --> 00:02:22,690 as the world is being primed to regard China 29 00:02:22,690 --> 00:02:24,666 as a new enemy. 30 00:02:24,666 --> 00:02:25,925 China's alarming creation of 31 00:02:25,925 --> 00:02:28,853 entirely new territory in the South China Sea 32 00:02:28,853 --> 00:02:31,123 is one part of a broader military push 33 00:02:31,123 --> 00:02:35,649 that some fear is to challenge US dominance in the region. 34 00:02:35,649 --> 00:02:37,494 China is building airstrips 35 00:02:37,494 --> 00:02:41,243 in the South China Sea on disputed islands 36 00:02:41,243 --> 00:02:44,991 condemned by an international tribunal. 37 00:02:44,991 --> 00:02:47,483 This is now a flashpoint for war 38 00:02:47,483 --> 00:02:50,650 between China and America. 39 00:02:51,840 --> 00:02:56,007 What is not news is that China itself is under threat. 40 00:02:57,360 --> 00:03:00,618 These American bases form a giant noose, 41 00:03:00,618 --> 00:03:05,555 encircling China with missiles, bombers, warships. 42 00:03:05,665 --> 00:03:08,872 All the way from Australia through the Pacific, 43 00:03:08,872 --> 00:03:11,999 to Asia, and beyond. 44 00:03:12,435 --> 00:03:15,111 If you were in Beijing looking out, 45 00:03:15,111 --> 00:03:17,222 you stood on the tallest building in Beijing 46 00:03:17,222 --> 00:03:18,999 and looked out at the Pacific Ocean, 47 00:03:18,999 --> 00:03:21,666 you'd see American warships. 48 00:03:21,666 --> 00:03:23,333 You'd see Guam is about to sink 49 00:03:23,333 --> 00:03:26,222 because there's so many missiles pointed at China. 50 00:03:26,222 --> 00:03:27,666 You'd look up at Korea and see 51 00:03:27,666 --> 00:03:30,111 American armaments pointing at China. 52 00:03:30,111 --> 00:03:33,888 You'd see Japan, which is basically, 53 00:03:33,888 --> 00:03:36,777 Japan's a glove over the American fist. 54 00:03:36,777 --> 00:03:39,999 I think if I was Chinese, I'd have a little to worry about 55 00:03:39,999 --> 00:03:42,129 about American aggressiveness. 56 00:03:42,129 --> 00:03:44,264 And we have China surrounded 57 00:03:44,264 --> 00:03:46,495 and we're doing more all the time to try and 58 00:03:46,495 --> 00:03:50,662 keep it surrounded and deepen that containment of China. 59 00:03:51,625 --> 00:03:53,643 But China presents a fascinating case 60 00:03:53,643 --> 00:03:55,797 of a country that is independent, 61 00:03:55,797 --> 00:03:59,495 doesn't have foreign bases on its territory, 62 00:03:59,495 --> 00:04:00,527 growing very rapidly, 63 00:04:00,527 --> 00:04:03,406 not as rapidly now as it did for 30 years, 64 00:04:03,406 --> 00:04:07,220 but still the second-ranking economy in the world. 65 00:04:07,220 --> 00:04:08,982 We have an adversary 66 00:04:08,982 --> 00:04:12,318 and that adversary is China and that adversary, 67 00:04:12,318 --> 00:04:15,567 unless there is dramatic reform inside China, 68 00:04:15,567 --> 00:04:18,652 will be our enemy someday. 69 00:04:18,652 --> 00:04:23,247 One myth I think really that needs to be dispelled 70 00:04:23,247 --> 00:04:27,418 is that somehow China's aiming to replace America 71 00:04:27,418 --> 00:04:31,686 and gonna run the world. 72 00:04:31,686 --> 00:04:34,070 First of all, the Chinese are not that stupid. 73 00:04:34,070 --> 00:04:39,769 The West, with its Christian roots, 74 00:04:39,769 --> 00:04:44,777 are about converting other people into their beliefs. 75 00:04:45,637 --> 00:04:48,052 The Chinese are not about that. 76 00:04:48,052 --> 00:04:51,393 Again, I'm not degrading the Western culture. 77 00:04:51,393 --> 00:04:53,645 I'm just pointing out the inherent nature, 78 00:04:53,645 --> 00:04:55,787 the DNA's of two different cultures. 79 00:04:55,787 --> 00:04:59,405 The Chinese 2000 years ago built the Great Wall 80 00:04:59,405 --> 00:05:02,600 to keep the barbarians out, not to invade them. 81 00:05:04,418 --> 00:05:06,444 As the world's economic power 82 00:05:06,444 --> 00:05:10,888 moves rapidly to Asia, the response of the Untied States 83 00:05:10,888 --> 00:05:15,777 is to deploy the majority of its naval forces to Asia 84 00:05:15,777 --> 00:05:17,377 and the Pacific. 85 00:05:17,377 --> 00:05:21,804 This massive military buildup is known in Washington as 86 00:05:21,804 --> 00:05:23,888 the "Pivot to Asia." 87 00:05:24,380 --> 00:05:26,555 The target is China. 88 00:05:29,776 --> 00:05:32,960 The great power game in the 21st century 89 00:05:32,960 --> 00:05:34,960 is called perpetual war. 90 00:05:37,749 --> 00:05:41,106 For America's unchallenged arms industry, 91 00:05:41,106 --> 00:05:44,308 the annual prize is huge profits 92 00:05:44,308 --> 00:05:48,475 from almost 600 billion dollars of military spending. 93 00:05:51,284 --> 00:05:54,038 Once an imaginary weapon on Star Wars, 94 00:05:54,038 --> 00:05:56,879 the electromagnetic gun is now reality. 95 00:05:56,879 --> 00:05:58,555 You're sitting here thinking about these 96 00:05:58,555 --> 00:06:00,999 next-generation and futuristic ideas 97 00:06:00,999 --> 00:06:03,888 and we've got scientists who have designed these 98 00:06:03,888 --> 00:06:05,515 and it's coming to life. 99 00:06:06,854 --> 00:06:11,383 And the smartest weapons need enemies. 100 00:06:11,383 --> 00:06:13,666 As a Pacific nation, the United States 101 00:06:13,666 --> 00:06:16,555 will play a larger and long-term role 102 00:06:16,555 --> 00:06:18,999 in shaping this region and its future. 103 00:06:18,999 --> 00:06:20,666 I have directed my national security team 104 00:06:20,666 --> 00:06:23,999 to make our presence and mission in the Asian-Pacific 105 00:06:23,999 --> 00:06:25,333 a top priority. 106 00:06:26,061 --> 00:06:30,425 In one sense, is the US already at war with China? 107 00:06:30,425 --> 00:06:31,560 Yes. 108 00:06:31,560 --> 00:06:33,590 On the ground and in the air. 109 00:06:33,590 --> 00:06:37,283 The winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, President Barack Obama, 110 00:06:37,283 --> 00:06:39,348 has committed to trillions 111 00:06:39,348 --> 00:06:42,976 of dollars to our nuclear arsenal. 112 00:06:42,976 --> 00:06:46,192 He's committing trillions of future dollars 113 00:06:46,192 --> 00:06:50,268 to war in space and we need an enemy for all this money 114 00:06:50,268 --> 00:06:52,768 and China's the perfect enemy. 115 00:06:57,927 --> 00:07:01,986 The aim of this film is to break a silence. 116 00:07:01,986 --> 00:07:05,910 The United States and China may well be on a path to war 117 00:07:05,910 --> 00:07:09,711 and nuclear war is no longer unthinkable. 118 00:07:09,711 --> 00:07:11,947 In a few years, China has become the world's 119 00:07:11,947 --> 00:07:14,949 second biggest economic power. 120 00:07:14,949 --> 00:07:17,988 The United States is the world's biggest military power, 121 00:07:17,988 --> 00:07:20,572 with bases and missiles and ships 122 00:07:20,572 --> 00:07:23,917 covering every continent, every ocean. 123 00:07:23,917 --> 00:07:27,284 China is a threat to this dominance, says Washington, 124 00:07:27,284 --> 00:07:29,627 but who is the threat? 125 00:07:29,627 --> 00:07:33,945 This film is about shifting power and great danger. 126 00:07:33,945 --> 00:07:36,399 It's also a film about the human spirit 127 00:07:36,399 --> 00:07:40,242 and the rise of an extraordinary resistance among people 128 00:07:40,242 --> 00:07:42,272 on the front line of a coming war 129 00:07:42,272 --> 00:07:46,052 where the words "never again" have an urgent meaning 130 00:07:46,052 --> 00:07:47,998 for all of us. 131 00:07:56,333 --> 00:07:57,990 This is Bikini, 132 00:07:57,990 --> 00:08:01,179 the rim of an ancient underwater volcano 133 00:08:01,179 --> 00:08:03,603 in the Marshall Islands. 134 00:08:03,603 --> 00:08:06,664 With its necklace of 23 islands, 135 00:08:06,664 --> 00:08:11,831 Bikini is a place of beauty and silence and menace. 136 00:08:15,924 --> 00:08:18,596 Look closely where the Emerald Lagoon 137 00:08:18,596 --> 00:08:22,412 suddenly falls into a vast black hole. 138 00:08:22,412 --> 00:08:23,888 This is the crater of one of 139 00:08:23,888 --> 00:08:26,675 the greatest man-made explosions, 140 00:08:26,675 --> 00:08:29,999 the hydrogen bomb they call Bravo. 141 00:08:30,576 --> 00:08:33,132 It vaporized an entire island 142 00:08:33,132 --> 00:08:37,282 and poisoned almost everything and everyone. 143 00:08:37,282 --> 00:08:42,999 As our plane flew low, we seemed to touch its deathly void. 144 00:08:55,932 --> 00:08:59,832 The Marshall Islands lie in the vast Pacific Ocean 145 00:08:59,832 --> 00:09:02,940 between the United States and Asia. 146 00:09:02,940 --> 00:09:06,292 Captured from the Japanese in World War Two, 147 00:09:06,292 --> 00:09:09,582 they've long been America's strategic secret, 148 00:09:09,582 --> 00:09:13,749 it's stepping stone to Asia and China. 149 00:09:19,520 --> 00:09:24,197 People here sustain themselves for thousands of years 150 00:09:24,197 --> 00:09:28,444 with abundant fish, breadfruit, and coconuts. 151 00:09:31,678 --> 00:09:35,845 They were skilled navigators who sailed by the stars. 152 00:09:37,178 --> 00:09:40,178 Westerners might call this paradise. 153 00:10:02,222 --> 00:10:05,072 All that changed in 1946 154 00:10:05,072 --> 00:10:08,500 when the United States took over the Marshall Islands 155 00:10:08,500 --> 00:10:11,979 as a Trust Territory with an obligation 156 00:10:11,979 --> 00:10:16,146 to protect the health and well-being of the people. 157 00:10:18,286 --> 00:10:20,194 A nightmare began. 158 00:10:20,194 --> 00:10:22,794 The islands were turned into a laboratory 159 00:10:22,794 --> 00:10:25,366 for the testing of nuclear weapons 160 00:10:25,366 --> 00:10:28,033 and the people into guinea pigs. 161 00:10:31,888 --> 00:10:34,302 Crossroads, scene 24, take two. 162 00:10:35,855 --> 00:10:37,704 In this propaganda film, 163 00:10:37,704 --> 00:10:41,324 the Bikini islanders are being deceived. 164 00:10:41,324 --> 00:10:45,413 Unknown to them, plans were already underway 165 00:10:45,413 --> 00:10:48,888 to destroy their paradise forever. 166 00:10:49,501 --> 00:10:53,909 Will you ask King Judah that the United States government 167 00:10:53,909 --> 00:10:57,606 now wants to attempt to turn this great, 168 00:10:57,606 --> 00:11:02,657 destructive force into something good for mankind 169 00:11:02,657 --> 00:11:05,477 and that these experiments here at Bikini 170 00:11:05,477 --> 00:11:08,599 are the first step in that direction. 171 00:11:14,845 --> 00:11:15,678 Tell them that's fine, 172 00:11:15,678 --> 00:11:19,875 everything being in God's hands, it must be good. 173 00:11:26,648 --> 00:11:28,761 87 ships take position three miles 174 00:11:28,761 --> 00:11:31,238 off Bikini to suffer the shattering impact 175 00:11:31,238 --> 00:11:33,705 of the fifth atomic bomb. 176 00:11:33,705 --> 00:11:35,519 An armada of warships 177 00:11:35,519 --> 00:11:38,555 was assembled in Bikini Lagoon 178 00:11:38,932 --> 00:11:41,720 in order to blow them to bits. 179 00:11:50,173 --> 00:11:52,111 The decks of the 73 test ships 180 00:11:52,111 --> 00:11:53,652 anchored in Bikini Lagoon 181 00:11:53,652 --> 00:11:55,472 are scenes of feverish activity 182 00:11:55,472 --> 00:11:58,363 as scientists plot experimental programs 183 00:11:58,363 --> 00:12:00,323 designed to furnish data on blast effects 184 00:12:00,323 --> 00:12:02,396 of the mighty atom bomb. 185 00:12:02,396 --> 00:12:03,229 Animals of many kinds… 186 00:12:03,229 --> 00:12:05,416 Animals were strapped to the decks 187 00:12:05,416 --> 00:12:08,222 like a perverse Noah's Ark. 188 00:12:08,836 --> 00:12:11,791 The experiment was to see how they died, 189 00:12:11,791 --> 00:12:13,124 how they burned. 190 00:12:15,255 --> 00:12:16,634 Special ointments are applied 191 00:12:16,634 --> 00:12:19,086 to determine their protective quality. 192 00:12:19,086 --> 00:12:20,775 Other parts of the exposed areas 193 00:12:20,775 --> 00:12:23,823 are being left bare to the atom blasts. 194 00:12:23,823 --> 00:12:26,488 Three, two, one. 195 00:13:54,800 --> 00:13:56,987 Being on Bikini today 196 00:13:56,987 --> 00:13:58,999 is disturbing ghosts. 197 00:13:59,820 --> 00:14:02,171 I struggle through the jungle to the bunker 198 00:14:02,171 --> 00:14:05,752 where they pressed the button at 6:45 on the morning 199 00:14:05,752 --> 00:14:07,335 of the H-Bomb test. 200 00:14:10,741 --> 00:14:12,994 Now claimed by the undergrowth, 201 00:14:12,994 --> 00:14:17,555 it's like a subterranean temple to modern times. 202 00:14:19,658 --> 00:14:22,354 They drank Milk Maid Powdered Milk, 203 00:14:22,354 --> 00:14:25,080 smoked Lucky Strike Cigarettes, 204 00:14:25,080 --> 00:14:30,031 and later this sign was erected that's beyond irony. 205 00:14:30,031 --> 00:14:31,302 It says, 206 00:14:31,302 --> 00:14:34,363 "Please leave this property as you find it, 207 00:14:34,363 --> 00:14:38,363 "thank you for your kindness and understanding." 208 00:14:51,723 --> 00:14:53,874 The Momselles give their all for their art 209 00:14:53,874 --> 00:14:54,808 and you can just bet 210 00:14:54,808 --> 00:14:58,450 that audience is giving with the wolf calls. 211 00:14:58,450 --> 00:15:00,566 The bikini, named after 212 00:15:00,566 --> 00:15:02,842 the atomic explosion in the Pacific. 213 00:15:02,842 --> 00:15:05,372 The bikini was an explosion everywhere. 214 00:15:05,372 --> 00:15:10,102 In 1946, the bikini swimsuit was launched 215 00:15:10,102 --> 00:15:13,064 to celebrate the nuclear explosions 216 00:15:13,064 --> 00:15:16,667 that had destroyed life on Bikini Island. 217 00:15:16,667 --> 00:15:19,668 The inventor of the bikini, a Frenchman, 218 00:15:19,668 --> 00:15:21,085 made his fortune. 219 00:15:22,314 --> 00:15:26,633 Today a bikini body is promoted in magazines 220 00:15:26,633 --> 00:15:29,883 as an object of desire and good health. 221 00:15:31,820 --> 00:15:34,971 The bodies of the people of Bikini and other islands 222 00:15:34,971 --> 00:15:38,071 are the most irradiated in the world. 223 00:15:38,071 --> 00:15:41,888 All these women have had thyroid cancer. 224 00:16:16,244 --> 00:16:20,118 Today, Bikini is unfit for human life. 225 00:16:20,118 --> 00:16:23,870 Radiation poisons the food and water, 226 00:16:23,870 --> 00:16:28,726 and issues registered unsafe on a Geiger Counter. 227 00:16:28,726 --> 00:16:31,222 The abandoned cemetery looks out to where 228 00:16:31,222 --> 00:16:35,221 the sun rose one morning, then rose again 229 00:16:35,221 --> 00:16:36,999 as apocalypse. 230 00:16:39,469 --> 00:16:42,533 The equivalent of one Hiroshima bomb 231 00:16:42,533 --> 00:16:45,223 was exploded in these islands 232 00:16:45,223 --> 00:16:48,390 everyday for 12 years. 233 00:16:51,918 --> 00:16:55,259 A scarred beauty has returned to the island 234 00:16:55,259 --> 00:16:57,176 but the people haven't. 235 00:16:58,228 --> 00:17:02,885 Exiled to barren islands, many of them starved. 236 00:17:02,885 --> 00:17:07,063 In 1968, President Lyndon Johnson told them 237 00:17:07,063 --> 00:17:08,980 it was safe to go home. 238 00:17:14,127 --> 00:17:15,896 But it wasn't safe. 239 00:17:15,896 --> 00:17:19,479 And the US authorities knew it wasn't safe. 240 00:17:41,646 --> 00:17:45,085 What happened as a result of the Bravo test 241 00:17:45,085 --> 00:17:48,308 was that a cover-up was launched 242 00:17:48,308 --> 00:17:51,222 very shortly after March one. 243 00:17:52,208 --> 00:17:55,468 There's such a history of wrong information, 244 00:17:55,468 --> 00:17:58,113 outright lies, deception. 245 00:17:58,113 --> 00:18:03,566 There was no attempt to take the most conservative approach 246 00:18:03,566 --> 00:18:05,910 and make sure that everybody was okay. 247 00:18:05,910 --> 00:18:10,494 They knew the way the fallout was going to go. 248 00:18:10,494 --> 00:18:12,476 And they took that risk and went ahead 249 00:18:12,476 --> 00:18:15,203 and detonated the bomb, knowing full well 250 00:18:15,203 --> 00:18:17,470 which way it was going to go. 251 00:18:17,470 --> 00:18:20,725 They still had an opportunity to evacuate, 252 00:18:20,725 --> 00:18:22,556 even on the day of the shot. 253 00:18:22,556 --> 00:18:24,179 But these people were not evacuated, 254 00:18:24,179 --> 00:18:25,522 we were not evacuated, 255 00:18:25,522 --> 00:18:28,237 and the people in the path were not evacuated. 256 00:18:28,237 --> 00:18:32,603 So that only leaves one to believe that 257 00:18:32,603 --> 00:18:35,494 number one, the United States needed some guinea pigs 258 00:18:35,494 --> 00:18:40,264 to study what the effects of radiation would do. 259 00:18:40,264 --> 00:18:42,794 And that's a pretty strong indication 260 00:18:42,794 --> 00:18:45,000 that the United States knew that. 261 00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:47,483 It seems extraordinary, here we are, 262 00:18:47,483 --> 00:18:50,490 this far into the 21st century, 263 00:18:50,490 --> 00:18:52,932 talking to people still frightened 264 00:18:52,932 --> 00:18:56,288 of all that nuclear fallout, all those tests, 265 00:18:56,288 --> 00:18:58,165 all those years ago. 266 00:18:58,165 --> 00:19:00,188 The impression I get is that 267 00:19:00,188 --> 00:19:02,485 there's so little trust among people. 268 00:19:02,485 --> 00:19:04,266 The US is trying to provide as much 269 00:19:04,266 --> 00:19:08,132 information, as much good information as we can. 270 00:19:08,132 --> 00:19:11,312 And so I wouldn't accept the characterization that 271 00:19:11,312 --> 00:19:14,712 there've been lies and cover-ups. 272 00:19:14,712 --> 00:19:19,238 The word guinea pigs comes up a lot from these survivors. 273 00:19:19,238 --> 00:19:22,513 I would refer you to our embassy website on that. 274 00:19:22,513 --> 00:19:23,486 I've read it. 275 00:19:23,486 --> 00:19:25,778 And that question was looked at 276 00:19:25,778 --> 00:19:27,942 during the Clinton administration 277 00:19:27,942 --> 00:19:30,600 and that was not the conclusion they came to. 278 00:19:32,176 --> 00:19:34,462 The secret of the Marshall Islands 279 00:19:34,462 --> 00:19:36,999 is Project 4.1. 280 00:19:37,288 --> 00:19:41,848 Declassified documents reveal a scientific program 281 00:19:41,848 --> 00:19:44,610 that began as a study of mice 282 00:19:44,610 --> 00:19:49,777 and became a study of human beings exposed to radiation. 283 00:19:51,444 --> 00:19:53,291 Chicago is where it all began. 284 00:19:53,291 --> 00:19:56,274 And to the AEC Argonnne Labs in Chicago last week 285 00:19:56,274 --> 00:19:59,615 came seven men, natives of the Marshall Islands. 286 00:19:59,615 --> 00:20:01,346 Levin is from Omelek. 287 00:20:01,346 --> 00:20:02,728 He and the rest were irradiated by our 288 00:20:02,728 --> 00:20:06,387 March 19th '54 hydrogen bomb test. 289 00:20:06,387 --> 00:20:08,312 John is mayor of Rongelap, 290 00:20:08,312 --> 00:20:11,336 which is 100 miles from Bikini. 291 00:20:11,336 --> 00:20:13,480 John, as we said, is a savage, 292 00:20:13,480 --> 00:20:15,799 but a happy, amenable savage. 293 00:20:15,799 --> 00:20:19,393 His grandfather ran almost naked on his small atoll. 294 00:20:19,393 --> 00:20:21,827 The white man brought money and religion 295 00:20:21,827 --> 00:20:24,122 and a market for his copa. 296 00:20:24,122 --> 00:20:28,913 John Reeds knows about God and is a pretty good mayor. 297 00:20:28,913 --> 00:20:33,363 The iron room is a radiation detector for human beings. 298 00:20:33,363 --> 00:20:35,996 Inside John the mayor, 299 00:20:35,996 --> 00:20:37,760 whose first visit to the white man's country 300 00:20:37,760 --> 00:20:40,795 meant San Francisco cable cars and Chicago skyscrapers 301 00:20:40,795 --> 00:20:43,389 and streamlined trains, 302 00:20:43,389 --> 00:20:45,956 whose first visit to the white man's country 303 00:20:45,956 --> 00:20:47,623 meant the iron room. 304 00:20:49,199 --> 00:20:52,152 A savage governs his life by ritual 305 00:20:52,152 --> 00:20:54,043 and he understands this because 306 00:20:54,043 --> 00:20:56,148 he thinks of it as a new ritual. 307 00:20:56,148 --> 00:20:58,766 Sitting alone inside the room, 308 00:20:58,766 --> 00:21:02,861 outside, a strange kind of priest in a long, white coat. 309 00:21:02,861 --> 00:21:05,021 When the ritual of the iron room was over for John, 310 00:21:05,021 --> 00:21:06,788 it began for the others. 311 00:21:06,788 --> 00:21:09,602 As each finished, he was told it was over 312 00:21:09,602 --> 00:21:12,769 and he was given apples and other good things to eat. 313 00:21:12,769 --> 00:21:15,064 Then he took off the ritual clothing 314 00:21:15,064 --> 00:21:17,620 and the seven men put on the suits and top coats 315 00:21:17,620 --> 00:21:19,506 they had been lent in Hawaii 316 00:21:19,506 --> 00:21:21,919 which they would return in Hawaii on their way back 317 00:21:21,919 --> 00:21:26,687 in the Marshall Islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. 318 00:21:26,687 --> 00:21:28,400 The United States government documents 319 00:21:28,400 --> 00:21:31,635 clearly demonstrate that its scientists 320 00:21:31,635 --> 00:21:33,847 conducted human radiation experiments 321 00:21:33,847 --> 00:21:36,641 with Marshallese citizens. 322 00:21:36,641 --> 00:21:38,888 Some of our people were injected with 323 00:21:38,888 --> 00:21:42,999 or coerced to drink fluids laced with radiation. 324 00:21:43,811 --> 00:21:47,352 Other experimentation involved the impurposeful 325 00:21:47,352 --> 00:21:50,528 and premature resettlement of people 326 00:21:50,528 --> 00:21:53,920 on islands highly contaminated by weapons tests 327 00:21:53,920 --> 00:21:57,867 to study how human beings absorb radiation 328 00:21:57,867 --> 00:22:00,740 from their foods and environment. 329 00:22:05,592 --> 00:22:08,394 These people are guinea pigs. 330 00:22:08,394 --> 00:22:12,641 They are part of the experiment Project 4.1. 331 00:22:12,641 --> 00:22:14,939 They're being returned to Rongelap, 332 00:22:14,939 --> 00:22:19,555 an island 100 miles from Bikini by the US Navy. 333 00:22:19,914 --> 00:22:24,081 They were told repeatedly, it was safe to go home. 334 00:22:25,965 --> 00:22:30,666 This happy couple believed they were going home to safety. 335 00:22:31,126 --> 00:22:35,118 The man is John Anjain, the mayor of Rongelap. 336 00:22:35,118 --> 00:22:39,568 The "happy savage" from the iron room in Chicago. 337 00:22:39,568 --> 00:22:44,222 His wife is Madura, and this is their baby son Lekage. 338 00:22:44,649 --> 00:22:48,482 They had no idea of the horror that lay ahead. 339 00:22:50,832 --> 00:22:53,049 They are being returned to an island 340 00:22:53,049 --> 00:22:56,846 described by a US atomic energy official 341 00:22:56,846 --> 00:23:00,929 "as by far the most contaminated place on earth." 342 00:23:01,933 --> 00:23:03,090 He added, 345 00:23:13,939 --> 00:23:18,161 The people of Rongelap remained on their poison island 346 00:23:18,161 --> 00:23:21,666 for 28 years as guinea pigs. 347 00:23:22,224 --> 00:23:26,555 The objects of regular, scientific examination. 348 00:24:06,509 --> 00:24:09,880 The islanders pleaded with the US authorities 349 00:24:09,880 --> 00:24:13,111 to move them to safety as evidence emerged 350 00:24:13,111 --> 00:24:15,195 of the second generation, 351 00:24:15,195 --> 00:24:17,862 the children were also poisoned. 352 00:24:34,563 --> 00:24:36,787 Desperate to leave, the islanders 353 00:24:36,787 --> 00:24:40,503 called on Greenpeace to rescue them. 354 00:24:40,503 --> 00:24:43,154 This ship, the Rainbow Warrior, 355 00:24:43,154 --> 00:24:48,222 moved the entire population to an uncontaminated island. 356 00:24:48,434 --> 00:24:51,666 They called it Operation Exodus. 357 00:25:31,322 --> 00:25:33,668 This is Doctor Robert Conard, 358 00:25:33,668 --> 00:25:35,727 a leading medical scientist 359 00:25:35,727 --> 00:25:39,219 of Brookhaven National Laboratories. 360 00:25:39,219 --> 00:25:42,631 Conard devoted his distinguished career 361 00:25:42,631 --> 00:25:44,881 to examining the islanders. 362 00:25:49,738 --> 00:25:53,469 He wrote, "the habitation of these people on the island" 363 00:25:53,469 --> 00:25:58,145 "will afford the most valuable ecological radiation data" 364 00:25:58,145 --> 00:25:59,562 "on human beings." 365 00:26:00,535 --> 00:26:03,423 "The various radio isotopes present" 366 00:26:03,423 --> 00:26:07,377 "can be traced from the soil to the food chain" 367 00:26:07,377 --> 00:26:09,377 "and into human beings." 368 00:26:14,738 --> 00:26:18,915 Doctor Conard gained the trust of whole communities 369 00:26:18,915 --> 00:26:22,334 when he brought the islanders to New York to be examined, 370 00:26:22,334 --> 00:26:24,504 he showed them the sights 371 00:26:24,504 --> 00:26:27,254 and had them over for a barbecue. 372 00:26:34,646 --> 00:26:39,444 When John Anjain's son Lekage died aged 18, 373 00:26:39,760 --> 00:26:43,462 Doctor Conard sent the man they called a savage 374 00:26:43,462 --> 00:26:45,229 a sympathy card. 375 00:26:45,229 --> 00:26:47,999 From your friend, Bob. 376 00:26:51,389 --> 00:26:56,810 In 1957, Madura Anjain was the smiling young woman 377 00:26:56,810 --> 00:27:00,164 seen here on her way back to Rongelap, 378 00:27:00,164 --> 00:27:04,666 unaware of the danger she and her family faced. 379 00:27:07,720 --> 00:27:10,959 This is Madura 28 years later, 380 00:27:10,959 --> 00:27:12,621 grieving the death of her son 381 00:27:12,621 --> 00:27:15,999 Lekage from radiation poisoning. 382 00:28:45,777 --> 00:28:48,302 Like her son and her husband, 383 00:28:48,302 --> 00:28:51,219 Madura died from a virulent cancer. 384 00:28:53,746 --> 00:28:57,666 I don't see any great clinics that have been 385 00:28:57,666 --> 00:29:00,672 established by, if not the Department of Energy, 386 00:29:00,672 --> 00:29:03,608 certainly not by the US government. 387 00:29:03,608 --> 00:29:06,228 There's a clinic downtown in Majuro. 388 00:29:06,228 --> 00:29:08,215 There's also a Whole Body Counter. 389 00:29:08,215 --> 00:29:11,800 You can have the plutonium in your body measured as well. 390 00:29:11,800 --> 00:29:13,023 Anyone can, for free. 391 00:29:15,264 --> 00:29:18,499 This is the plutonium measuring shop 392 00:29:18,499 --> 00:29:22,600 where they'll tell you how radioactive you are. 393 00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:24,833 People waiting to be tested 394 00:29:24,833 --> 00:29:26,729 are welcomed with a video 395 00:29:26,729 --> 00:29:29,812 showing their islands being blown up. 396 00:29:35,269 --> 00:29:38,318 And this reassuring commentary. 397 00:29:57,441 --> 00:29:59,888 This is Rinok, a refugee from 398 00:29:59,888 --> 00:30:02,661 the poisoned island of Rongelap, 399 00:30:02,661 --> 00:30:07,222 whose family owned land and lived a secure, prosperous life. 400 00:30:07,814 --> 00:30:11,681 Now she lives in a shack in the capital, Majuro, 401 00:30:11,681 --> 00:30:14,681 with her children and grandchildren. 402 00:30:15,845 --> 00:30:19,111 She has no water, no sanitation. 403 00:30:34,399 --> 00:30:37,732 And power, she has electricity? 404 00:30:46,533 --> 00:30:49,606 In 1986, the United States 405 00:30:49,606 --> 00:30:53,904 granted limited independence to the Marshall Islanders 406 00:30:53,904 --> 00:30:57,165 on condition that they accepted a mere 407 00:30:57,165 --> 00:31:00,630 150 million dollars compensation 408 00:31:00,630 --> 00:31:04,860 for the damage caused by nuclear testing. 409 00:31:04,860 --> 00:31:07,017 A claims tribunal was set up 410 00:31:07,017 --> 00:31:09,286 and soon ran out of money 411 00:31:09,286 --> 00:31:14,100 and appealed to the US Congress more than a decade ago, 412 00:31:14,100 --> 00:31:16,222 still awaits a reply. 413 00:31:36,322 --> 00:31:40,104 Darlene Keju-Johnson was a young health worker 414 00:31:40,104 --> 00:31:42,700 who became the champion of her people 415 00:31:42,700 --> 00:31:46,352 after she discovered the full extent of their suffering 416 00:31:46,352 --> 00:31:48,954 caused by nuclear testing that 417 00:31:48,954 --> 00:31:53,753 many more islands were poisoned than the Americans claimed. 418 00:31:54,656 --> 00:31:59,444 This remarkable speech in 1983 broke the silence. 419 00:31:59,730 --> 00:32:03,738 I bring greetings from the Marshall Islands 420 00:32:03,738 --> 00:32:06,700 and throughout Micronesia. 421 00:32:06,700 --> 00:32:11,130 We have hundreds of women who have miscarriages. 422 00:32:11,130 --> 00:32:13,284 We have leukemia cancers. 423 00:32:13,284 --> 00:32:15,128 We have thyroid cancers. 424 00:32:15,128 --> 00:32:17,437 We have stillborn babies. 425 00:32:17,437 --> 00:32:20,773 We have nowadays, I just got back from home 426 00:32:20,773 --> 00:32:24,776 and I've talked to many women and men in the population, 427 00:32:24,776 --> 00:32:28,514 is that we have babies we call jellyfish babies. 428 00:32:28,514 --> 00:32:30,628 A baby is born on a labor table 429 00:32:30,628 --> 00:32:33,358 and it moves up and down like this. 430 00:32:33,358 --> 00:32:34,839 It's a colorful, ugly thing 431 00:32:34,839 --> 00:32:37,243 and it is not shaped like a human being. 432 00:32:37,243 --> 00:32:40,344 It moves up and down like this on a labor table 433 00:32:40,344 --> 00:32:42,541 because that thing is breathing. 434 00:32:42,541 --> 00:32:43,791 That is a baby. 435 00:32:47,157 --> 00:32:51,992 In 1982, Darlene married Giff Johnson, 436 00:32:51,992 --> 00:32:55,242 the author of this tribute to his wife. 437 00:32:57,299 --> 00:33:00,049 Darlene was one of the liveliest, 438 00:33:00,049 --> 00:33:03,548 most entertaining individuals that 439 00:33:03,548 --> 00:33:07,212 I have ever had the pleasure of knowing. 440 00:33:07,212 --> 00:33:10,045 She was a voice for the voiceless. 441 00:33:12,813 --> 00:33:15,905 Like so many Marshall Islanders, 442 00:33:15,905 --> 00:33:19,488 Darlene died of cancer, age 45. 443 00:33:27,874 --> 00:33:31,878 This is the largest of the islands, Kwajalein, 444 00:33:31,878 --> 00:33:35,475 occupied by one of America's most important 445 00:33:35,475 --> 00:33:37,666 and secretive bases. 446 00:33:39,573 --> 00:33:42,339 Known as the Ronald Reagan Test Site, 447 00:33:42,339 --> 00:33:44,888 it's a missile launch pad that commands 448 00:33:44,888 --> 00:33:48,999 the Pacific Ocean all the way to Asia and China. 449 00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:57,700 Here, the people of the Marshall Islands 450 00:33:57,700 --> 00:34:00,823 are once again being subjected to the testing 451 00:34:00,823 --> 00:34:06,990 of weapons of mass destruction designed for a coming war. 452 00:34:09,953 --> 00:34:12,930 The base is part of a remarkable plan 453 00:34:12,930 --> 00:34:14,680 known as Vision 2020. 454 00:34:16,348 --> 00:34:19,652 Devised in the 1990's, its aim is described 455 00:34:19,652 --> 00:34:23,819 officially as full-spectrum dominance. 456 00:34:24,354 --> 00:34:29,050 This means control of all land, sea, air, 457 00:34:29,050 --> 00:34:31,883 cyberspace, and space. 458 00:34:32,243 --> 00:34:36,999 Five, four, three, two, one, 459 00:34:37,300 --> 00:34:38,133 ignition. 460 00:34:40,398 --> 00:34:44,509 From California, almost 5000 miles away, 461 00:34:44,509 --> 00:34:48,516 the US Air Force tests it's intercontinental missiles 462 00:34:48,516 --> 00:34:51,766 by firing them at the Marshall Islands. 463 00:34:54,356 --> 00:34:57,316 Imagine a missile coming screaming out of the sky. 464 00:34:57,316 --> 00:34:59,402 It's absolutely terrifying. 465 00:34:59,402 --> 00:35:04,405 I think that there's really nothing that I can imagine 466 00:35:04,405 --> 00:35:07,470 that would be more terrifying than this. 467 00:35:07,470 --> 00:35:11,107 And we're talking about devices that 468 00:35:11,107 --> 00:35:14,107 any one of them could go off course. 469 00:35:15,380 --> 00:35:18,308 None of this disturbs life on the base, 470 00:35:18,308 --> 00:35:22,076 where small town America has been recreated, 471 00:35:22,076 --> 00:35:25,326 a wonderland of the suburban good life. 472 00:35:27,486 --> 00:35:28,486 Thank you. 473 00:35:32,988 --> 00:35:34,125 Fabulous. 474 00:35:34,125 --> 00:35:37,254 There's nothing better than living on a tropical island. 475 00:35:37,254 --> 00:35:39,782 I pretty much have beachfront property, you know? 476 00:35:39,782 --> 00:35:42,032 It's great, I love it here. 477 00:35:51,047 --> 00:35:54,622 Just across the bay is Ebeye Island. 478 00:35:54,622 --> 00:35:57,033 Known as the slum of the Pacific, 479 00:35:57,033 --> 00:35:59,944 more than 12,000 people live here 480 00:35:59,944 --> 00:36:03,713 on a strip of land less than a mile long. 481 00:36:03,713 --> 00:36:08,131 Many of them refugees from what is now the missile base 482 00:36:08,131 --> 00:36:11,881 and from islands poisoned by nuclear testing. 483 00:36:15,709 --> 00:36:17,832 Every day, people from Ebeye are 484 00:36:17,832 --> 00:36:20,520 brought to work on the missile base 485 00:36:20,520 --> 00:36:23,853 to water the gardens and the golf course 486 00:36:26,554 --> 00:36:30,221 then they are ferried back to their poverty. 487 00:36:32,982 --> 00:36:35,732 This is apartheid in the Pacific. 488 00:37:00,495 --> 00:37:02,441 Ebeye needs a lot of things. 489 00:37:02,441 --> 00:37:05,798 Medicine, education, and jobs. 490 00:37:05,798 --> 00:37:07,631 Vegetables and fruits. 491 00:37:08,573 --> 00:37:10,067 Vegetables and fruits. 492 00:37:10,067 --> 00:37:10,900 Yes. 493 00:37:10,900 --> 00:37:12,841 Here we are, it's a tropical island, 494 00:37:12,841 --> 00:37:14,152 and you need vegetables and fruits. 495 00:37:14,152 --> 00:37:14,985 Yes. 496 00:37:17,313 --> 00:37:19,654 Fish, vegetables and fruit 497 00:37:19,654 --> 00:37:22,777 were once abundant on Ebeye. 498 00:37:23,567 --> 00:37:27,941 Today, fish is contaminated by toxic pollutants 499 00:37:27,941 --> 00:37:31,358 says the Environmental Protection Agency. 500 00:37:33,787 --> 00:37:36,777 Now the only food most people can afford 501 00:37:36,777 --> 00:37:39,628 is processed and imported. 502 00:37:39,628 --> 00:37:43,795 They have the highest rate of diabetes in the world. 503 00:37:49,406 --> 00:37:52,351 When someone gets really ill, 504 00:37:52,351 --> 00:37:54,582 do they go to the hospital over on the base 505 00:37:54,582 --> 00:37:59,749 because they've got a pretty modern clinic over there. 506 00:37:59,991 --> 00:38:03,158 They don't treat them with medicine. 507 00:38:04,000 --> 00:38:09,169 They just go there for taking the plug and then x-ray. 508 00:38:09,169 --> 00:38:12,442 So what happens when somebody is seriously ill? 509 00:38:12,442 --> 00:38:14,972 They cannot do anything. 510 00:38:14,972 --> 00:38:19,262 The most consistent example given 511 00:38:19,262 --> 00:38:23,262 is the example of the Ronald Reagan Missile Site 512 00:38:23,262 --> 00:38:26,728 and Ebeye next to it. 513 00:38:26,728 --> 00:38:29,218 On the Ronald Reagan Missile Site 514 00:38:29,218 --> 00:38:32,555 is a vivid example of the United States, 515 00:38:32,555 --> 00:38:36,304 golf courses and swimming pools 516 00:38:36,304 --> 00:38:38,554 and all kinds of amenities. 517 00:38:39,778 --> 00:38:43,820 Right next to it is what is called the slum of the Pacific. 518 00:38:43,820 --> 00:38:45,090 It's a challenge. 519 00:38:45,090 --> 00:38:48,342 Ebeye is in great need right now. 520 00:38:48,342 --> 00:38:50,360 We've talked about infrastructure. 521 00:38:50,360 --> 00:38:53,043 One of the projects the US is working with 522 00:38:53,043 --> 00:38:56,568 our Australian colleagues and with the Asia Development Bank 523 00:38:56,568 --> 00:38:59,855 is a sewer and water project desperately needed for Ebeye. 524 00:38:59,855 --> 00:39:02,427 Ebeye's overcrowded, the schools need repair. 525 00:39:02,427 --> 00:39:06,862 Actually, the US military did a survey back in the 70's 526 00:39:06,862 --> 00:39:08,701 and found that the sewers didn't work 527 00:39:08,701 --> 00:39:12,022 and the water didn't run and the electricity wasn't there. 528 00:39:12,022 --> 00:39:13,673 It only happened not all that long ago 529 00:39:13,673 --> 00:39:15,964 they found almost exactly the same thing. 530 00:39:15,964 --> 00:39:18,294 Why hasn't that been fixed? 531 00:39:18,294 --> 00:39:21,359 There's complete agreement that Ebeye should be a priority 532 00:39:21,359 --> 00:39:23,962 and not only because of the current activities 533 00:39:23,962 --> 00:39:27,310 of the Ronald Reagan Space and Missile Defense Site, 534 00:39:27,310 --> 00:39:30,748 but there's also now an additional component 535 00:39:30,748 --> 00:39:33,176 that is providing for global security 536 00:39:33,176 --> 00:39:35,999 and that's the Space Fence Project by the Air Force. 537 00:39:37,570 --> 00:39:39,111 Every missile fired 538 00:39:39,111 --> 00:39:42,789 on the Marshall Islands by the US military 539 00:39:42,789 --> 00:39:46,999 costs 100 million dollars each. 540 00:39:47,848 --> 00:39:52,401 This derelict school bus is the only one on Ebeye. 541 00:39:52,401 --> 00:39:55,068 They can't afford to replace it. 542 00:40:09,852 --> 00:40:12,503 The base is not good for us, 543 00:40:12,503 --> 00:40:16,890 the people of Marshall Islands, we have no need for it. 544 00:40:16,890 --> 00:40:18,767 It's been used to test missiles 545 00:40:18,767 --> 00:40:21,434 to fire at countries like China. 546 00:40:22,942 --> 00:40:27,127 Yes, and anywhere else if they want to. 547 00:40:27,127 --> 00:40:31,534 What would you like to see happen there? 548 00:40:31,534 --> 00:40:33,451 I want our land back. 549 00:40:48,168 --> 00:40:49,726 This is Shanghai, 550 00:40:49,726 --> 00:40:52,746 the historic port on the Yangtze River, 551 00:40:52,746 --> 00:40:54,999 China's greatest city. 552 00:40:57,906 --> 00:41:00,078 I have arranged to meet the American author 553 00:41:00,078 --> 00:41:03,438 James Bradley, whose latest best-selling book 554 00:41:03,438 --> 00:41:08,593 The China Mirage, reveals an extraordinary hidden history 555 00:41:08,593 --> 00:41:12,262 of American power and modern China. 556 00:41:12,262 --> 00:41:15,376 It was almost illegal for someone like me 557 00:41:15,376 --> 00:41:18,370 to know of Chinese for almost all of American history. 558 00:41:18,370 --> 00:41:21,564 The Chinese came to America to mine gold 559 00:41:21,564 --> 00:41:24,222 and build the railroads and Americans decided 560 00:41:24,222 --> 00:41:25,824 we didn't like the competition, 561 00:41:25,824 --> 00:41:29,387 so in 1882 we had the Chinese Exclusion Acts 562 00:41:29,387 --> 00:41:32,151 which kept the Chinese out of the United States 563 00:41:32,151 --> 00:41:34,008 for about 100 years. 564 00:41:34,008 --> 00:41:36,907 So you have the largest population in the world 565 00:41:36,907 --> 00:41:39,007 that can't come to the United States, 566 00:41:39,007 --> 00:41:40,603 so at just the point we're putting up 567 00:41:40,603 --> 00:41:43,753 the Statue of Liberty saying, we welcome everybody, 568 00:41:43,753 --> 00:41:45,805 we were erecting a wall saying, 569 00:41:45,805 --> 00:41:49,305 we welcome everybody except those Chinese. 570 00:41:50,929 --> 00:41:53,635 Fear of a rising China today 571 00:41:53,635 --> 00:41:56,963 is the latest chapter in a history of propaganda 572 00:41:56,963 --> 00:42:02,555 that presented the Chinese as uncouth and infantile. 573 00:42:07,951 --> 00:42:11,279 To western popular and political culture, 574 00:42:11,279 --> 00:42:14,632 the Chinese became the Yellow Peril. 575 00:42:15,755 --> 00:42:19,743 And racial stereotypes bore the constant theme 576 00:42:19,743 --> 00:42:21,999 of fear and threat. 577 00:42:23,381 --> 00:42:27,582 Boris Karloff as the evil Fu Manchu. 578 00:42:27,582 --> 00:42:31,665 His passion for power twisting his brilliant mind 579 00:42:33,244 --> 00:42:39,411 as he revels in the horrors of human sacrifice and torture. 580 00:42:42,561 --> 00:42:46,978 Behind the mask of Fu Manchu. 581 00:42:49,362 --> 00:42:52,880 This caricature of an entire people 582 00:42:52,880 --> 00:42:56,547 concealed another agenda: opium. 583 00:43:01,758 --> 00:43:04,886 For the American elite in the 19th century, 584 00:43:04,886 --> 00:43:08,469 China was a goal mine of drugs. 585 00:43:09,884 --> 00:43:10,898 Warren Delano, 586 00:43:10,898 --> 00:43:13,828 the grandfather of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 587 00:43:13,828 --> 00:43:16,269 was the American opium king of China. 588 00:43:16,269 --> 00:43:18,652 He was the biggest American opium dealer 589 00:43:18,652 --> 00:43:20,209 second to the British. 590 00:43:20,209 --> 00:43:23,864 He welcomed the first American ship into China 591 00:43:23,864 --> 00:43:26,286 to help out with the opium wars. 592 00:43:26,286 --> 00:43:28,271 Much of the east coast of America, 593 00:43:28,271 --> 00:43:31,759 Columbia, Harvard, Yale, Princeton, 594 00:43:31,759 --> 00:43:36,094 were born from opium money. 595 00:43:36,094 --> 00:43:38,492 The American Industrial Revolution 596 00:43:38,492 --> 00:43:41,348 was funded by huge pools of money. 597 00:43:41,348 --> 00:43:42,181 Where did this come from? 598 00:43:42,181 --> 00:43:44,062 It came from illegal drugs 599 00:43:44,062 --> 00:43:47,502 in the biggest market in the world: China. 600 00:43:47,502 --> 00:43:48,335 Let me get this right. 601 00:43:48,335 --> 00:43:54,136 The grandfather of arguably the most liberal president, 602 00:43:54,136 --> 00:43:58,011 Franklin Delano Roosevelt, was a drug runner. 603 00:43:58,011 --> 00:43:58,844 Yes sir. 604 00:43:58,844 --> 00:44:02,840 Franklin Delano Roosevelt never made much money in his life. 605 00:44:02,840 --> 00:44:06,308 He had public service jobs that were very lowly paid, 606 00:44:06,308 --> 00:44:08,675 but he had yachts, he had summer homes, 607 00:44:08,675 --> 00:44:10,532 he had mansions in New York City. 608 00:44:10,532 --> 00:44:12,645 The kids went to private schools. 609 00:44:12,645 --> 00:44:16,532 He inherited a fortune from Warren Delano, his father, 610 00:44:16,532 --> 00:44:20,000 who was the American opium king of China. 611 00:44:20,000 --> 00:44:24,106 If you scratch anyone with the name Forbes in their name, 612 00:44:24,106 --> 00:44:28,546 John Forbes Kerry, Secretary of State John Forbes Kerry… 613 00:44:28,546 --> 00:44:30,125 That's the present Secretary of State. 614 00:44:30,125 --> 00:44:30,976 Yes sir. 615 00:44:30,976 --> 00:44:32,481 You'll find opium money. 616 00:44:32,481 --> 00:44:36,263 His great-grandfather was an opium dealer. 617 00:44:36,263 --> 00:44:37,736 How big was opium money? 618 00:44:37,736 --> 00:44:40,360 Opium money built the first industrial city 619 00:44:40,360 --> 00:44:43,000 in the United States, Lowell, Massachusetts. 620 00:44:43,000 --> 00:44:46,444 It built the first five railroads in the United States. 621 00:44:46,444 --> 00:44:48,814 Opium money all over the east coast, 622 00:44:48,814 --> 00:44:49,978 but it wasn't talked about. 623 00:44:49,978 --> 00:44:51,930 It was called the China Trade. 624 00:44:51,930 --> 00:44:54,259 And if you go to various museums, 625 00:44:54,259 --> 00:44:58,593 you can see teas and silks exhibited 626 00:44:58,593 --> 00:45:03,405 and they keep quiet about all that big opium money. 627 00:45:03,405 --> 00:45:06,157 In the scramble to get opium money, 628 00:45:06,157 --> 00:45:08,769 China was invaded and colonized 629 00:45:08,769 --> 00:45:12,186 by Britain and the other imperial powers. 630 00:45:14,502 --> 00:45:18,252 Foreign armies grabbed whole swaths of China. 631 00:45:19,295 --> 00:45:22,419 This is the American army in Tiananmen Square, 632 00:45:22,419 --> 00:45:25,752 Peking, in 1900. 633 00:45:27,230 --> 00:45:30,354 Great cities like Shanghai were taken over 634 00:45:30,354 --> 00:45:32,999 and declared concessions 635 00:45:33,762 --> 00:45:37,140 and foreigners lived a life of privilege and luxury 636 00:45:37,140 --> 00:45:41,444 amidst terrible poverty imposed on the Chinese. 637 00:45:51,031 --> 00:45:54,480 A resistance known as the Boxer Rebellion 638 00:45:54,480 --> 00:45:56,897 was put down with a savagery. 639 00:45:58,476 --> 00:46:01,172 This rape of China set the tone 640 00:46:01,172 --> 00:46:04,016 for how China was perceived in the West 641 00:46:04,016 --> 00:46:06,266 well into the 20th century. 642 00:46:08,639 --> 00:46:11,222 This is the distinguished historian 643 00:46:11,222 --> 00:46:15,976 Theodore H. White, an advisor to the White House, 644 00:46:15,976 --> 00:46:17,893 speaking in the 1960's. 645 00:46:18,865 --> 00:46:23,703 Perhaps China is too vast to be governed by mercy. 646 00:46:23,703 --> 00:46:26,453 Yet if Chinese mind craves order, 647 00:46:27,762 --> 00:46:29,366 they must be brought to recognize 648 00:46:29,366 --> 00:46:33,533 they are the biggest factor in the world's disorder. 649 00:46:34,910 --> 00:46:39,888 And we must untangle the madness of their mind. 650 00:46:40,125 --> 00:46:42,255 The most difficult task in the world 651 00:46:42,255 --> 00:46:45,755 is to reach the minds of men who hate you. 652 00:46:47,090 --> 00:46:49,708 What White was really complaining about 653 00:46:49,708 --> 00:46:51,606 was the loss of a China that 654 00:46:51,606 --> 00:46:54,662 the imperial West could dominate 655 00:46:54,662 --> 00:46:58,517 and the defeat of General Chiang Kai-Shek, 656 00:46:58,517 --> 00:47:02,058 who with his famously powerful Christian wife, 657 00:47:02,058 --> 00:47:06,225 Mei-ling Soong, guarded America's interests in China. 658 00:47:07,909 --> 00:47:12,227 That is, until they were thrown out in 1949 659 00:47:12,227 --> 00:47:16,894 by a communist revolution led by Mao Zedong. 660 00:47:17,282 --> 00:47:20,265 Mao had beaten Chiang Kai-Shek three times 661 00:47:20,265 --> 00:47:24,107 in huge battles involving millions of combatants. 662 00:47:24,107 --> 00:47:26,761 Mao was a winner in this contest from 663 00:47:26,761 --> 00:47:30,178 the early 1930's on, but we knew very little about it 664 00:47:30,178 --> 00:47:33,845 and people don't understand that even today. 665 00:47:34,730 --> 00:47:36,981 Shanghai hears the message clearly 666 00:47:36,981 --> 00:47:40,157 as foreign businessmen board up their shops. 667 00:47:40,157 --> 00:47:44,074 Go now, go quickly, for communism marches. 668 00:47:44,074 --> 00:47:46,920 Take what you can, but flee. 669 00:47:46,920 --> 00:47:48,902 In pell-mell haste, the Western powers 670 00:47:48,902 --> 00:47:51,032 evacuate the city they have built, 671 00:47:51,032 --> 00:47:54,080 for good and bad alike must leave. 672 00:47:54,080 --> 00:47:55,846 The businessmen come for profit 673 00:47:55,846 --> 00:47:58,747 as well as missionaries come to heal 674 00:47:58,747 --> 00:48:02,368 must say goodbye as out the Yancy 675 00:48:02,368 --> 00:48:04,314 steams the last of Western influence 676 00:48:04,314 --> 00:48:06,481 and farewell to a century. 677 00:48:11,412 --> 00:48:13,936 Even today, it's difficult to understand 678 00:48:13,936 --> 00:48:17,353 the paranoia ignited by Mao's revolution. 679 00:48:20,712 --> 00:48:22,888 As we look at China on the map, 680 00:48:22,888 --> 00:48:25,938 we can see that China is the basic cause 681 00:48:25,938 --> 00:48:28,046 of all of our troubles in Asia. 682 00:48:28,046 --> 00:48:34,130 I believe that for the sake of our safety, 683 00:48:34,130 --> 00:48:39,409 it is necessary to be prepared for the possibility 684 00:48:39,409 --> 00:48:44,888 of a Chinese missile attack on the United States. 685 00:48:46,533 --> 00:48:48,863 One of the myths about Mao 686 00:48:48,863 --> 00:48:53,736 is that he was an implacable enemy of the capitalist West. 687 00:49:04,195 --> 00:49:08,351 Shanghai today is a prosperous international city 688 00:49:08,351 --> 00:49:14,000 still run by the communists, at least in name. 689 00:49:21,713 --> 00:49:25,257 When I was last in China more than a generation ago, 690 00:49:25,257 --> 00:49:30,126 the loudest noise was the tinkling of bicycle bells. 691 00:49:30,126 --> 00:49:33,155 Mao had just died, the streets were dark, 692 00:49:33,155 --> 00:49:34,993 the universities were closed. 693 00:49:34,993 --> 00:49:37,503 The chaos of the cultural revolution 694 00:49:37,503 --> 00:49:40,706 had given way to a great silence. 695 00:49:40,706 --> 00:49:45,161 "We're exhausted," was the freest comment I heard. 696 00:49:45,161 --> 00:49:49,069 Coming back, the change is barely comprehensible. 697 00:49:49,069 --> 00:49:53,400 Here in Shanghai, the freedom bears no comparison. 698 00:49:53,400 --> 00:49:55,827 Yes, there are issues with human rights, 699 00:49:55,827 --> 00:49:58,793 especially the right to speak against the state 700 00:49:58,793 --> 00:50:01,294 and challenge its power. 701 00:50:01,294 --> 00:50:04,069 Since I was last here, millions of people 702 00:50:04,069 --> 00:50:06,274 have been lifted out of poverty, 703 00:50:06,274 --> 00:50:10,783 many of them into an entirely new middle class. 704 00:50:10,783 --> 00:50:14,064 This epic is still barely understood in the West, 705 00:50:14,064 --> 00:50:17,564 or should that be willfully misunderstood? 706 00:50:18,576 --> 00:50:22,177 The truth is that China has matched America 707 00:50:22,177 --> 00:50:25,230 at its own great game of capitalism 708 00:50:25,230 --> 00:50:27,999 and that is unforgivable. 709 00:50:31,106 --> 00:50:34,001 One measure of China's new capitalism 710 00:50:34,001 --> 00:50:36,666 is the Hurun Rich List. 711 00:50:37,451 --> 00:50:39,959 This league table of China's mega-rich 712 00:50:39,959 --> 00:50:42,972 is published by Rupert Hoogewerf, 713 00:50:42,972 --> 00:50:47,333 an old Etonian whose Chinese name is Hu Run. 714 00:50:49,531 --> 00:50:51,521 He's received many awards, 715 00:50:51,521 --> 00:50:54,999 including China's Man of the Year. 716 00:50:55,372 --> 00:50:58,359 This year, 2015, has probably been 717 00:50:58,359 --> 00:51:00,547 the most extraordinary year of wealth creation 718 00:51:00,547 --> 00:51:02,846 in the history of China again. 719 00:51:02,846 --> 00:51:05,738 I've been doing this list for 15, 16 years. 720 00:51:05,738 --> 00:51:08,488 I've never seen a year like 2015. 721 00:51:09,743 --> 00:51:13,848 Normally for 200 million pounds or 300 million dollars, 722 00:51:13,848 --> 00:51:17,118 we find say about 800,000 people. 723 00:51:17,118 --> 00:51:19,905 This year, 2015, it's doubled. 724 00:51:19,905 --> 00:51:22,351 There'll be more dollar billionaires known about in China 725 00:51:22,351 --> 00:51:23,722 than in the US. 726 00:51:23,722 --> 00:51:25,411 So the US, up until now, 727 00:51:25,411 --> 00:51:28,762 has been the leader in terms of 728 00:51:28,762 --> 00:51:32,562 the most successful business tycoons in the world. 729 00:51:32,562 --> 00:51:36,104 China 2015, will have overtaken the US. 730 00:51:36,104 --> 00:51:37,104 So, amazing. 731 00:51:42,900 --> 00:51:46,019 Modern China is full of telling ironies, 732 00:51:46,019 --> 00:51:49,028 not least this museum that was once the house 733 00:51:49,028 --> 00:51:52,087 where Mao and his comrades secretly founded 734 00:51:52,087 --> 00:51:56,599 the communist party of China in 1921. 735 00:52:10,000 --> 00:52:13,563 Today it stands in the heart of an exclusive, 736 00:52:13,563 --> 00:52:16,999 very capitalist shopping district. 737 00:52:25,400 --> 00:52:29,400 When you leave this shrine to China's great revolution, 738 00:52:29,400 --> 00:52:32,049 you're confronted by a surreal spectacle. 739 00:52:32,049 --> 00:52:33,074 For right outside where the 740 00:52:33,074 --> 00:52:35,723 Chinese communist party was born, 741 00:52:35,723 --> 00:52:38,680 are the very symbols of capitalism. 742 00:52:38,680 --> 00:52:42,896 Starbucks, Apple, Cartier, Dolce and Gabbana, 743 00:52:42,896 --> 00:52:46,961 and down there perhaps the free market's greatest triumph: 744 00:52:46,961 --> 00:52:50,581 bottled water that insures you live young, 745 00:52:50,581 --> 00:52:55,381 costing six pounds for a small bottle in my hotel. 746 00:52:55,381 --> 00:52:58,833 Would Mao spin in his tomb if he was here? 747 00:52:58,833 --> 00:53:00,382 I'm not so sure. 748 00:53:00,382 --> 00:53:03,784 Hidden history is always the key to the truth. 749 00:53:03,784 --> 00:53:09,014 Five years before his great communist revolution in 1949, 750 00:53:09,014 --> 00:53:13,032 Mao sent this secret message to Washington. 751 00:53:13,032 --> 00:53:15,828 "China must industrialize," wrote Mao, 752 00:53:15,828 --> 00:53:19,440 "this can only be done by free enterprise." 753 00:53:19,440 --> 00:53:22,590 "Chinese and American interests fit together" 754 00:53:22,590 --> 00:53:25,363 "economically and politically." 755 00:53:25,363 --> 00:53:29,350 "America need not fear that we will not be cooperative." 756 00:53:29,350 --> 00:53:32,494 "We cannot risk crossing America." 757 00:53:32,494 --> 00:53:34,994 "We cannot risk any conflict." 758 00:53:36,130 --> 00:53:38,555 Mao received no reply. 759 00:53:39,676 --> 00:53:41,343 Nothing has changed. 760 00:53:45,312 --> 00:53:47,059 Mao Zedong was looking to be a friend 761 00:53:47,059 --> 00:53:49,829 with the United States from the beginning. 762 00:53:49,829 --> 00:53:51,684 Mao says, I will go meet 763 00:53:51,684 --> 00:53:53,941 Franklin Roosevelt in the White House. 764 00:53:53,941 --> 00:53:56,830 Mao reaches out in 1950 to Harry Truman. 765 00:53:56,830 --> 00:53:58,785 He reaches out to Dwight Eisenhower. 766 00:53:58,785 --> 00:54:00,868 His hand was tossed away. 767 00:54:04,967 --> 00:54:06,734 This opportunity that 768 00:54:06,734 --> 00:54:08,727 might have changed history, 769 00:54:08,727 --> 00:54:12,641 prevented wars, saved countless lives, 770 00:54:12,641 --> 00:54:15,949 was lost because the truth of Mao's overtures 771 00:54:15,949 --> 00:54:19,532 was denied in the Washington of the 1950's. 772 00:54:20,950 --> 00:54:25,158 State Department officials who had carried Mao's messages 773 00:54:25,158 --> 00:54:29,991 were condemned unjustly as communist traitors. 774 00:54:31,778 --> 00:54:35,944 Everybody who knew Mao, who spoke Chinese, was gone. 775 00:54:35,944 --> 00:54:38,328 In the 1950's, the State Department 776 00:54:38,328 --> 00:54:41,999 had no employees who spoke Chinese. 777 00:54:42,254 --> 00:54:44,554 It's resulted in us not having relations 778 00:54:44,554 --> 00:54:48,721 with the number one, most populous country in the world. 779 00:54:51,361 --> 00:54:54,569 In 1979, this man, 780 00:54:54,569 --> 00:54:59,199 Deng Xaoping, became China's paramount leader. 781 00:54:59,407 --> 00:55:03,574 He said, "Socialism does not mean shared poverty." 782 00:55:07,555 --> 00:55:10,537 This was code for the most radical reform 783 00:55:10,537 --> 00:55:16,959 since Mao's revolution, the return of capitalism to China, 784 00:55:16,959 --> 00:55:20,959 but this time controlled by the communist party. 785 00:55:23,893 --> 00:55:25,560 "To be rich is glorious," 786 00:55:25,560 --> 00:55:28,625 Deng was reported as saying. 787 00:55:28,625 --> 00:55:31,411 America was now threatened by the emergence 788 00:55:31,411 --> 00:55:34,965 of a vast image of itself. 789 00:55:41,873 --> 00:55:44,677 This is one of the many very exclusive 790 00:55:44,677 --> 00:55:47,846 gated communities in Shanghai 791 00:55:47,846 --> 00:55:50,077 where an apartment is one of the prizes 792 00:55:50,077 --> 00:55:52,827 of the new communism. 793 00:55:57,514 --> 00:56:00,735 I'd arranged to see Professor Zhang Weiwei, 794 00:56:00,735 --> 00:56:03,583 a close aide to the late Deng Xiaoping, 795 00:56:03,583 --> 00:56:06,750 the man who changed China. 796 00:56:07,413 --> 00:56:15,614 Deng is really, extremely long-term visionary leader 797 00:56:15,614 --> 00:56:19,734 with an exceedingly long-term at strategic vision 798 00:56:19,734 --> 00:56:22,444 for his country and for his people. 799 00:56:22,444 --> 00:56:25,373 China is still following that path. 800 00:56:25,373 --> 00:56:27,796 Actually, this is really a tradition 801 00:56:27,796 --> 00:56:30,260 from China's long history. 802 00:56:30,260 --> 00:56:32,743 You look at even like Mao. 803 00:56:32,743 --> 00:56:35,267 He said we should surpass UK, 804 00:56:35,267 --> 00:56:37,709 by which we should surpass the United States, 805 00:56:37,709 --> 00:56:41,082 so these tradition continues to this day. 806 00:56:41,082 --> 00:56:44,601 Even Xi Jinping to this day is also doing this idea. 807 00:56:44,601 --> 00:56:48,592 Actually, what many Chinese have problem 808 00:56:48,592 --> 00:56:52,093 with the Western media is the stereotypes about China. 809 00:56:52,093 --> 00:56:57,525 If you contend with stereotypes, you miss so many things. 810 00:56:57,525 --> 00:56:59,991 If BBC broadcast something, 811 00:56:59,991 --> 00:57:03,415 they are happy to always mention this communist dictatorship, 812 00:57:03,415 --> 00:57:04,665 this autocracy. 813 00:57:05,579 --> 00:57:07,506 Actually, with this kind of label 814 00:57:07,506 --> 00:57:11,097 you cannot understand this China as it is. 815 00:57:11,097 --> 00:57:18,087 But if you watch BBC or CNN or read Economist 816 00:57:18,087 --> 00:57:21,345 and try to understand China, it will be a failure. 817 00:57:21,345 --> 00:57:22,678 It's impossible. 818 00:57:23,851 --> 00:57:25,989 Multiple parties fight for political power 819 00:57:25,989 --> 00:57:27,598 and everyone holding on to them 820 00:57:27,598 --> 00:57:29,062 as the only path to salvation 821 00:57:29,062 --> 00:57:31,242 to the long-suffering, developing world. 822 00:57:31,242 --> 00:57:32,280 This is Eric Li, 823 00:57:32,280 --> 00:57:35,914 a Shanghai entrepreneur educated in America 824 00:57:35,914 --> 00:57:38,454 and typical of a new, confident, 825 00:57:38,454 --> 00:57:42,000 outspoken political class. 826 00:57:42,389 --> 00:57:45,629 In China, there are a lot of problems. 827 00:57:45,629 --> 00:57:50,219 But at the moment, the Chinese, the party state, 828 00:57:50,219 --> 00:57:54,585 has proven an extraordinary ability to change. 829 00:57:54,585 --> 00:57:56,048 I make the joke: 830 00:57:56,048 --> 00:57:59,625 in America you can change political parties 831 00:57:59,625 --> 00:58:02,787 but you can't change the policies. 832 00:58:02,787 --> 00:58:04,619 In China you cannot change the party 833 00:58:04,619 --> 00:58:06,952 but you can change policies. 834 00:58:08,272 --> 00:58:13,038 In 65 or 66 years, China has been run by one single party 835 00:58:13,038 --> 00:58:17,315 yet the political changes that have taken place 836 00:58:17,315 --> 00:58:21,998 in China these past 66 years have been wider 837 00:58:21,998 --> 00:58:24,667 and broader and greater than probably 838 00:58:24,667 --> 00:58:27,358 any other major country in modern memory. 839 00:58:27,358 --> 00:58:29,782 So in that time, China ceased to be communist. 840 00:58:29,782 --> 00:58:31,052 Is that what you're saying? 841 00:58:31,052 --> 00:58:34,410 Well, China is a market economy. 842 00:58:34,410 --> 00:58:35,566 It's a vibrant market economy 843 00:58:35,566 --> 00:58:37,587 but it is not a capitalist country. 844 00:58:37,587 --> 00:58:38,504 Here's why. 845 00:58:40,595 --> 00:58:43,671 There's no way a group of billionaires 846 00:58:43,671 --> 00:58:46,555 could control the party bureau 847 00:58:47,359 --> 00:58:51,888 as billionaires control American policy making. 848 00:58:52,808 --> 00:58:55,707 So in China, you have a vibrant market economy 849 00:58:55,707 --> 00:58:59,999 but capital does not rise above political authority. 850 00:59:00,798 --> 00:59:06,048 Capital does not have enshrined rights. 851 00:59:06,524 --> 00:59:08,642 In America, capital, 852 00:59:08,642 --> 00:59:10,957 the interest of capital and capital itself 853 00:59:10,957 --> 00:59:14,555 has risen above the American nation. 854 00:59:15,816 --> 00:59:19,259 The political authority cannot check the power of capital. 855 00:59:19,259 --> 00:59:21,231 That's why America is a capitalist country 856 00:59:21,231 --> 00:59:22,564 but China's not. 857 00:59:25,305 --> 00:59:26,854 This is the ironic title 858 00:59:26,854 --> 00:59:30,440 of a best-selling book by Zhang Lijia, 859 00:59:30,440 --> 00:59:34,987 a journalist and critic who lives in Beijing. 860 00:59:34,987 --> 00:59:38,029 Many Americans imagine that the Chinese people 861 00:59:38,029 --> 00:59:46,700 live a miserable, repressed life with no freedom whatsoever. 862 00:59:46,700 --> 00:59:47,865 That's not quite true. 863 00:59:47,865 --> 00:59:51,997 If you speak to many ordinary Chinese people, 864 00:59:51,997 --> 00:59:55,392 they will tell you they feel their lives are quite free. 865 00:59:55,392 --> 00:59:58,663 Some 500 million people have been lifted off poverty 866 00:59:58,663 --> 01:00:00,854 and some would say probably 600 million people. 867 01:00:00,854 --> 01:00:03,104 That's a great achievement. 868 01:00:04,706 --> 01:00:09,374 For many Americans, the Yellow Peril has never left them. 869 01:00:09,374 --> 01:00:12,000 I think there's a fear about China. 870 01:00:12,000 --> 01:00:14,724 Of course, there's a fear of China's rapid rise, 871 01:00:14,724 --> 01:00:18,881 but it also has a lot to do with China's… 872 01:00:18,881 --> 01:00:24,131 The label as a communist state. 873 01:00:24,354 --> 01:00:26,653 China's objectives are modest 874 01:00:26,653 --> 01:00:29,333 compared with their weight. 875 01:00:30,285 --> 01:00:32,443 They're not trying to run the world. 876 01:00:32,443 --> 01:00:35,687 They're not even trying to run the Asian-Pacific. 877 01:00:35,687 --> 01:00:38,389 I think they want to keep America 878 01:00:38,389 --> 01:00:41,671 from dominating the Asian-Pacific. 879 01:00:41,671 --> 01:00:44,846 So they have what they believe 880 01:00:44,846 --> 01:00:47,355 is their rightful place in the Asian-Pacific, 881 01:00:47,355 --> 01:00:48,188 because of all civilizations 882 01:00:48,188 --> 01:00:50,171 and all the history on their side, 883 01:00:50,171 --> 01:00:51,966 so their objectives are really modest 884 01:00:51,966 --> 01:00:54,383 compared with their capacity. 885 01:00:55,308 --> 01:00:57,711 The new wealth in China, 886 01:00:57,711 --> 01:01:01,197 they often say this is the product of 887 01:01:01,197 --> 01:01:05,100 self-made entrepreneurial skill, 888 01:01:05,100 --> 01:01:09,797 but is it not also the product of 889 01:01:09,797 --> 01:01:12,627 the exploitation of people at the bottom, 890 01:01:12,627 --> 01:01:14,638 what are known in China as migrants. 891 01:01:14,638 --> 01:01:17,712 But they're not really migrants, they're Chinese. 892 01:01:17,712 --> 01:01:21,406 If you really go to 893 01:01:21,406 --> 01:01:24,147 talk to these migrant workers, 894 01:01:24,147 --> 01:01:27,632 you will find quite surprisingly, 895 01:01:27,632 --> 01:01:30,914 over the past five to seven years, 896 01:01:30,914 --> 01:01:35,912 they have experienced a greater income increase 897 01:01:35,912 --> 01:01:38,632 than any other social groups. 898 01:01:38,632 --> 01:01:41,049 China is not a class society. 899 01:01:43,328 --> 01:01:47,328 But China is a class society. 900 01:01:48,525 --> 01:01:51,473 These are the homes of migrant workers, 901 01:01:51,473 --> 01:01:55,666 people who build and service the new China. 902 01:02:02,785 --> 01:02:05,639 Here it's not uncommon for three families 903 01:02:05,639 --> 01:02:07,556 to share one tiny flat. 904 01:02:13,058 --> 01:02:17,695 You know, you associate a socialist country with equality 905 01:02:17,695 --> 01:02:20,906 but unfortunately since the reform has started. 906 01:02:20,906 --> 01:02:22,297 China has become one of the 907 01:02:22,297 --> 01:02:25,004 most unequal societies in the world. 908 01:02:25,004 --> 01:02:26,977 The income gap is widening. 909 01:02:26,977 --> 01:02:29,186 Government, I feel, have retreated some of 910 01:02:29,186 --> 01:02:33,428 the responsibilities, left the markets to take over, 911 01:02:33,428 --> 01:02:35,781 but the market does not always treat women kindly. 912 01:02:35,781 --> 01:02:39,026 Some private companies they would just refuse 913 01:02:39,026 --> 01:02:43,365 to hire child-bearing aged women. 914 01:02:43,365 --> 01:02:45,088 And sometimes when women became pregnant, 915 01:02:45,088 --> 01:02:46,994 they would sack them. 916 01:02:46,994 --> 01:02:49,170 Because they don't want to pay their maternity leave. 917 01:02:49,170 --> 01:02:53,474 And in fact, the income gap has grown much bigger 918 01:02:53,474 --> 01:02:56,307 between men and women. 919 01:02:56,573 --> 01:03:00,280 Your old boss, Deng Xaoping, 920 01:03:00,280 --> 01:03:03,960 presided over the bloodshed in Tiananmen Square. 921 01:03:03,960 --> 01:03:11,037 What would you say to the survivors of Tiananmen Square, 922 01:03:11,037 --> 01:03:14,710 because so many of those did fight 923 01:03:14,710 --> 01:03:18,710 for what they saw as democratic change in China? 924 01:03:20,092 --> 01:03:23,675 In 1989, there were two political forces. 925 01:03:24,875 --> 01:03:29,380 One of those were presented by the Chinese students. 926 01:03:29,380 --> 01:03:32,345 Their hero was Mikhail Gorbachev, 927 01:03:32,345 --> 01:03:34,715 who happened to be in Beijing. 928 01:03:34,715 --> 01:03:36,228 Their slogan was, 929 01:03:36,228 --> 01:03:39,587 "Soviet Union's Today is China's Tomorrow." 930 01:03:39,587 --> 01:03:42,457 So the idea was political reform first, 931 01:03:42,457 --> 01:03:44,275 other reform second. 932 01:03:44,275 --> 01:03:46,789 Otherwise, China would be hopeless. 933 01:03:46,789 --> 01:03:49,205 Deng's message was the opposite. 934 01:03:49,205 --> 01:03:52,130 He thought Gorbachev was an idiot. 935 01:03:52,130 --> 01:03:56,353 He thought China must have economic reform first, 936 01:03:56,353 --> 01:03:58,320 other reform second. 937 01:03:58,320 --> 01:04:00,987 This priority must be set clear. 938 01:04:02,269 --> 01:04:06,993 Unfortunately, at that particular moment in 1989, 939 01:04:06,993 --> 01:04:11,094 the two political forces could not reach a compromise. 940 01:04:11,094 --> 01:04:13,844 That's when the tragedy occurred. 941 01:04:15,144 --> 01:04:17,633 It was more than a tragedy. 942 01:04:17,633 --> 01:04:19,639 It was a massacre 943 01:04:19,639 --> 01:04:25,444 of which the memory remains a raw presence in modern China. 944 01:04:26,880 --> 01:04:33,475 Why does the Chinese state still fear the few? 945 01:04:33,475 --> 01:04:36,661 The few who speak out, and I'm thinking of… 946 01:04:36,661 --> 01:04:38,499 Liu Xiaobo? 947 01:04:38,499 --> 01:04:40,062 Exactly. 948 01:04:40,062 --> 01:04:44,999 This man won the Nobel Peace Prize and he's in prison. 949 01:04:45,000 --> 01:04:49,578 He violated Chinese law by a big margin. 950 01:04:49,578 --> 01:04:52,304 So actually the freedom of expression, 951 01:04:52,304 --> 01:04:55,499 similar views are aired by many people 952 01:04:55,499 --> 01:04:58,416 but he really going to the extreme. 953 01:05:00,378 --> 01:05:02,598 Liu Xiaobo challenged the government 954 01:05:02,598 --> 01:05:05,351 to implement democratic reforms 955 01:05:05,351 --> 01:05:10,934 and he spent a total of 13 years in prison. 956 01:05:11,868 --> 01:05:14,261 Why can't a confident China 957 01:05:14,261 --> 01:05:17,340 accept a criticism like that? 958 01:05:17,340 --> 01:05:20,174 Nobel peace committee makes huge mistake. 959 01:05:20,174 --> 01:05:22,432 They owe the Chinese an explanation. 960 01:05:22,432 --> 01:05:26,031 If you cross a line, you violate the constitution, 961 01:05:26,031 --> 01:05:28,759 you violate so many laws, you should be punished. 962 01:05:35,150 --> 01:05:36,547 And yet in China today, 963 01:05:36,547 --> 01:05:39,677 the spirit of protest and dissent 964 01:05:39,677 --> 01:05:42,010 lives on in different forms. 965 01:05:44,501 --> 01:05:48,672 In 2015, strikes and community protests 966 01:05:48,672 --> 01:05:52,675 and activism reach record levels. 967 01:05:52,675 --> 01:05:56,592 This resistance is seldom reported in the West. 968 01:05:57,612 --> 01:06:01,041 So there are lots of protests in China. 969 01:06:01,041 --> 01:06:04,222 Typical for example, land being grabbed by 970 01:06:04,222 --> 01:06:07,014 officials for commercial development 971 01:06:07,014 --> 01:06:09,721 and the farmers are not being compensated properly. 972 01:06:09,721 --> 01:06:12,400 But the farmers now know, 973 01:06:12,400 --> 01:06:15,628 are more aware of their rights so they protest. 974 01:06:15,628 --> 01:06:17,252 Or young workers from the factory, 975 01:06:17,252 --> 01:06:21,109 they demand a better wage and a better working condition, 976 01:06:21,109 --> 01:06:25,260 but many of the protests they are economic driven, 977 01:06:25,260 --> 01:06:26,612 not political driven. 978 01:06:26,612 --> 01:06:28,922 They are regional, not nation-wide. 979 01:06:28,922 --> 01:06:30,575 So this kind of thing is unlikely 980 01:06:30,575 --> 01:06:32,729 to develop into real movement 981 01:06:32,729 --> 01:06:35,979 or so-called, you call that revolution. 982 01:06:37,030 --> 01:06:38,237 So the Mao's revolution 983 01:06:38,237 --> 01:06:40,554 was the last revolution? 984 01:06:40,554 --> 01:06:44,721 Well, never say never. 985 01:06:57,175 --> 01:06:59,777 The Japanese island of Okinawa 986 01:06:59,777 --> 01:07:03,999 is occupied by 32 military installations. 987 01:07:04,566 --> 01:07:07,968 From here, the United States has attacked Korea, 988 01:07:07,968 --> 01:07:13,555 Vietnam, Cambodia, Afghanistan, Iraq. 989 01:07:14,749 --> 01:07:17,762 The sky is full of planes and helicopters. 990 01:07:25,911 --> 01:07:28,860 Wherever people go, they are fenced in 991 01:07:28,860 --> 01:07:30,610 and told to keep out. 992 01:07:36,184 --> 01:07:40,595 Okinawa is the front line of a beckoning war 993 01:07:40,595 --> 01:07:41,999 with China. 994 01:07:49,849 --> 01:07:53,547 Aged 87, Fumiko Shimabukuro 995 01:07:53,547 --> 01:07:56,589 is one of the leaders of a non-violent resistance 996 01:07:56,589 --> 01:08:00,589 that's challenging Washington's "Pivot to Asia." 997 01:09:01,000 --> 01:09:03,924 Fumiko is a survivor. 998 01:09:03,924 --> 01:09:06,447 A quarter of the civilians on the island 999 01:09:06,447 --> 01:09:11,085 were killed in the American invasion in 1945 1000 01:09:11,085 --> 01:09:15,999 and a fear of war has been passed through the generations. 1001 01:09:27,981 --> 01:09:30,809 Today, those who witnessed these horrors 1002 01:09:30,809 --> 01:09:34,307 live in a place of extraordinary beauty 1003 01:09:34,307 --> 01:09:38,474 surrounded by coral reefs and a unique marine life. 1004 01:09:47,400 --> 01:09:50,285 It was here in Henoko Bay 1005 01:09:50,285 --> 01:09:54,895 that the survivors of World War Two sought refuge 1006 01:09:54,895 --> 01:09:58,478 and it's this they're now fighting to save. 1007 01:09:59,885 --> 01:10:03,426 It's an epic struggle that pits these island people 1008 01:10:03,426 --> 01:10:07,176 against the greatest military power on Earth. 1009 01:10:14,178 --> 01:10:17,769 This is the office of a former governor of Okinawa, 1010 01:10:17,769 --> 01:10:19,852 Oto Masahide. 1011 01:10:20,309 --> 01:10:25,073 What he has done is create not so much a museum, 1012 01:10:25,073 --> 01:10:29,341 but an appeal to the outside world 1013 01:10:29,341 --> 01:10:32,868 to understand the resistance in Okinawa, 1014 01:10:32,868 --> 01:10:35,384 to understand the suffering, 1015 01:10:35,384 --> 01:10:38,393 to read its hidden history. 1016 01:10:38,393 --> 01:10:42,695 It begins in 1945 when the Americans invaded. 1017 01:10:42,695 --> 01:10:46,445 Here's General MacArthur arriving in Okinawa. 1018 01:10:49,324 --> 01:10:52,792 A second invasion happened 10 years later 1019 01:10:52,792 --> 01:10:53,969 in what became known as 1020 01:10:53,969 --> 01:10:57,234 the Bulldozer's and Bayonets campaign. 1021 01:10:57,234 --> 01:11:00,838 American forces seized prime agricultural land, 1022 01:11:00,838 --> 01:11:04,806 burned farm houses, and killed livestock. 1023 01:11:04,806 --> 01:11:07,155 The dispossessed people of Okinawa 1024 01:11:07,155 --> 01:11:10,988 march the length of Japan, appealing for help. 1025 01:11:13,128 --> 01:11:16,469 This wall is devoted to a resistance in Okinawa 1026 01:11:16,469 --> 01:11:18,051 that never ceases. 1027 01:11:18,051 --> 01:11:20,149 Everywhere people go on the island, 1028 01:11:20,149 --> 01:11:22,982 they are confronted by this sign. 1029 01:11:22,982 --> 01:11:25,606 It tells them they must not go past 1030 01:11:25,606 --> 01:11:28,300 this fence topped with barbed wire. 1031 01:11:28,300 --> 01:11:32,649 These fences run like great ribbons across the island 1032 01:11:32,649 --> 01:11:37,260 and the bases themselves cut swaths across Okinawa. 1033 01:11:37,260 --> 01:11:39,276 But all around them are people 1034 01:11:39,276 --> 01:11:42,795 with this continuing demonstration, 1035 01:11:42,795 --> 01:11:45,045 this continuing resistance. 1036 01:11:46,090 --> 01:11:47,940 And they have a message. 1037 01:11:47,940 --> 01:11:49,821 It's: "People of the World," 1038 01:11:49,821 --> 01:11:52,650 "Watch what Japan and the US are doing." 1039 01:11:52,650 --> 01:11:56,999 "Don't let them force the bases on Okinawa." 1040 01:12:52,149 --> 01:12:54,000 All this will be lost 1041 01:12:54,000 --> 01:12:55,777 when much of the bay becomes 1042 01:12:55,777 --> 01:13:00,272 concrete runways for bombers at Camp Schwab, 1043 01:13:00,272 --> 01:13:04,222 the huge US Marine base behind this fence. 1044 01:13:09,136 --> 01:13:14,150 In 2014, Okinawa elected a new governor, 1045 01:13:14,456 --> 01:13:14,456 Takeshi Onaga, who won by a landslide on one issue. 1046 01:13:14,456 --> 01:13:22,267 Stopping the new base at Henoko. 1047 01:13:23,587 --> 01:13:27,115 This was election night outside the American base 1048 01:13:27,115 --> 01:13:28,999 at Camp Schwab. 1049 01:14:41,597 --> 01:14:44,398 The New Year's celebration of their victory 1050 01:14:44,398 --> 01:14:46,524 was bittersweet. 1051 01:14:46,524 --> 01:14:48,963 The government in Tokyo resented this 1052 01:14:48,963 --> 01:14:52,666 unprecedented challenge to its authority. 1053 01:14:53,688 --> 01:14:57,283 The issue is now in the Japanese courts. 1054 01:14:57,283 --> 01:15:01,455 Japan's prime minister, Shinzo Abe, 1055 01:15:01,455 --> 01:15:03,795 has also made clear that with the backing 1056 01:15:03,795 --> 01:15:06,299 of his powerful patron America, 1057 01:15:06,299 --> 01:15:10,140 he wants to reawaken Japanese nationalism 1058 01:15:10,140 --> 01:15:13,444 and reclaim it's military power. 1059 01:15:26,270 --> 01:15:29,779 While we were filming this ceremony outside the base, 1060 01:15:29,779 --> 01:15:31,874 on a day when people paid respect 1061 01:15:31,874 --> 01:15:34,835 to their departed loved ones, 1062 01:15:34,835 --> 01:15:38,757 giant American helicopters circled above us, 1063 01:15:38,757 --> 01:15:40,999 intimidating as always. 1064 01:15:52,453 --> 01:15:55,303 The threat of these low-flying aircraft 1065 01:15:55,303 --> 01:15:58,792 is a constant presence in Okinawa. 1066 01:15:58,792 --> 01:16:01,981 Teachers often can't teach because of the noise 1067 01:16:01,981 --> 01:16:03,444 and the fear. 1068 01:16:12,552 --> 01:16:15,342 This was the carnage when an American fighter 1069 01:16:15,342 --> 01:16:17,529 crashed into a primary school 1070 01:16:17,529 --> 01:16:20,696 after the pilot had ejected to safety. 1071 01:16:28,206 --> 01:16:32,999 Haru Akira, aged seven, was terribly burned. 1072 01:17:41,000 --> 01:17:44,058 Akira suffered throughout his youth 1073 01:17:44,058 --> 01:17:48,222 and died from his injuries age 21. 1074 01:17:53,857 --> 01:17:57,601 Another tragedy waits to happen on Okinawa. 1075 01:17:57,601 --> 01:18:00,726 US military aircraft have been involved 1076 01:18:00,726 --> 01:18:03,226 in 44 accidents on the island. 1077 01:18:04,503 --> 01:18:08,157 The latest threat is this hybrid plane, the Osprey, 1078 01:18:08,157 --> 01:18:10,824 notorious for its safety issues. 1079 01:18:29,502 --> 01:18:31,758 Wherever the military is based in Asia, 1080 01:18:31,758 --> 01:18:34,661 there is a relationship with local people, 1081 01:18:34,661 --> 01:18:38,578 especially women, that often breeds resentment. 1082 01:18:48,444 --> 01:18:54,086 In Okinawa, this resentment ignited a riot in 1970. 1083 01:18:54,594 --> 01:18:58,596 Scores of American GI's were pulled from their cars 1084 01:18:58,596 --> 01:19:00,429 which were set alight. 1085 01:19:03,300 --> 01:19:07,589 For Washington and it's compliant ally in Tokyo, 1086 01:19:07,589 --> 01:19:11,422 it's this kind of insurrection that they fear. 1087 01:19:16,973 --> 01:19:19,262 During the making of this film, 1088 01:19:19,262 --> 01:19:22,149 a young woman was raped and murdered, 1089 01:19:22,149 --> 01:19:25,314 allegedly by an American military contractor 1090 01:19:25,314 --> 01:19:27,241 from one of the bases. 1091 01:19:32,136 --> 01:19:35,411 It was the latest of thousands of cases of violence 1092 01:19:35,411 --> 01:19:39,537 and it brought massive crowds into the streets, 1093 01:19:39,537 --> 01:19:40,650 demanding an end to the 1094 01:19:40,650 --> 01:19:43,733 military occupation of their country. 1095 01:19:52,474 --> 01:19:54,475 This is a Mace missile, 1096 01:19:54,475 --> 01:19:58,183 designed to carry a nuclear warhead. 1097 01:19:58,183 --> 01:20:01,058 During the Cold War, the United States 1098 01:20:01,058 --> 01:20:03,601 secretly installed nuclear weapons 1099 01:20:03,601 --> 01:20:06,666 at this launch pad in Okinawa. 1100 01:20:08,408 --> 01:20:11,555 Most of them were aimed at China. 1101 01:20:16,529 --> 01:20:19,080 Today, the nuclear missile site 1102 01:20:19,080 --> 01:20:21,731 is run by a Buddhist organization, 1103 01:20:21,731 --> 01:20:24,999 the Soka Gakkai, as a peace museum. 1104 01:20:26,000 --> 01:20:30,714 In 1962, the atomic weapons, 1105 01:20:30,714 --> 01:20:32,886 that were on the missile, 1106 01:20:32,886 --> 01:20:35,999 was almost launched. 1107 01:20:36,612 --> 01:20:37,802 They were almost launched? 1108 01:20:37,802 --> 01:20:42,308 Yeah, according to the spokesman of this military base, 1109 01:20:42,308 --> 01:20:46,328 said they were ordered to prepare. 1110 01:20:46,328 --> 01:20:49,999 Then we received second order to stop it. 1111 01:20:52,000 --> 01:20:54,000 One of the American servicemen 1112 01:20:54,000 --> 01:20:57,495 whose job was to fire the Mace missiles 1113 01:20:57,495 --> 01:21:01,163 has since revealed that China was a nuclear target 1114 01:21:01,163 --> 01:21:05,999 during the Cuban missile crisis in 1962. 1115 01:21:06,616 --> 01:21:10,935 We were told that we had to launch all the missiles. 1116 01:21:10,935 --> 01:21:13,784 But we only had one missile headed towards Russia 1117 01:21:13,784 --> 01:21:15,196 and we did not see why 1118 01:21:15,196 --> 01:21:17,791 we should have to involve the other countries. 1119 01:21:17,791 --> 01:21:22,667 The captain suggested that everybody crack the doors open 1120 01:21:22,667 --> 01:21:26,352 so it would take less time to launch the missile 1121 01:21:26,352 --> 01:21:29,072 if the doors were cracked open. 1122 01:21:32,300 --> 01:21:33,863 One of the launch crews 1123 01:21:33,863 --> 01:21:36,873 was on the point of firing their missiles 1124 01:21:36,873 --> 01:21:41,545 when a duty officer suspected the order was false. 1125 01:21:41,545 --> 01:21:43,054 The officer that was on the B side 1126 01:21:43,054 --> 01:21:46,506 was told to send two men over there with 45's 1127 01:21:46,506 --> 01:21:48,194 and to shoot anybody that tried to launch 1128 01:21:48,194 --> 01:21:52,796 until the situation was resolved. 1129 01:21:52,796 --> 01:21:55,600 And it would only take like 15, 20 seconds 1130 01:21:55,600 --> 01:21:59,498 to run the distance between the two command centers. 1131 01:21:59,498 --> 01:22:03,287 So those two men kept that whole crew at bay 1132 01:22:03,287 --> 01:22:06,537 while we made a decision as what to do. 1133 01:22:09,957 --> 01:22:12,779 And it wasn't very long, maybe two or three seconds later 1134 01:22:12,779 --> 01:22:16,450 where a very nervous major came over the intercom 1135 01:22:16,450 --> 01:22:20,867 issuing the stand down order. 1136 01:22:22,091 --> 01:22:26,258 And then we just kind of looked at each other, like 1137 01:22:27,425 --> 01:22:31,444 we could have exterminated the whole planet. 1138 01:22:33,941 --> 01:22:36,610 The major who had given the launch order 1139 01:22:36,610 --> 01:22:38,805 was quietly court-martialed 1140 01:22:38,805 --> 01:22:41,555 and dismissed from the Air Force. 1141 01:22:43,091 --> 01:22:45,464 That morning is just as familiar to me 1142 01:22:45,464 --> 01:22:48,238 and as clear as yesterday morning is. 1143 01:22:48,238 --> 01:22:50,386 And this is 53 years later 1144 01:22:50,386 --> 01:22:52,806 and how clear blue the sky was 1145 01:22:52,806 --> 01:22:55,861 and there was just some very light clouds 1146 01:22:55,861 --> 01:22:58,213 and there was a perfect breeze blowing 1147 01:22:58,213 --> 01:22:59,542 at the perfect temperature. 1148 01:22:59,542 --> 01:23:00,935 I did not know what the temperature was, 1149 01:23:00,935 --> 01:23:03,135 but it just felt perfect. 1150 01:23:03,135 --> 01:23:05,351 And we were all just kind of taking it in 1151 01:23:05,351 --> 01:23:07,757 and taking in the smell of the air 1152 01:23:07,757 --> 01:23:11,251 and the sea and the land mixture together 1153 01:23:11,251 --> 01:23:13,447 and everything smelled so beautiful. 1154 01:23:14,447 --> 01:23:18,174 This is very interesting because it shows 1155 01:23:18,174 --> 01:23:24,341 the cities in China where these Mace missiles were aimed at. 1156 01:23:25,454 --> 01:23:28,567 Which ones do we have here? 1157 01:23:28,567 --> 01:23:30,400 This Okinawa Island. 1158 01:23:31,459 --> 01:23:40,331 So within 2000 kilometers you find Peking, or Beijing, 1159 01:23:40,331 --> 01:23:45,157 Xi'an, Jiuzhaigou, Hong Kong, Shanghai, 1160 01:23:45,157 --> 01:23:50,990 Taiwan and Taipei, and Pyongyang, North Korea. 1161 01:23:51,165 --> 01:23:53,999 Within the range of missile. 1162 01:24:30,777 --> 01:24:32,000 This is the work of 1163 01:24:32,000 --> 01:24:35,333 the Okinawan sculptor, Kinjo Minoru. 1164 01:24:36,330 --> 01:24:40,164 It's a tribute to the suffering and resistance 1165 01:24:40,164 --> 01:24:42,581 of the people of this island. 1166 01:25:06,493 --> 01:25:11,666 More than a 1000 miles away on the Korean island of Jeju, 1167 01:25:12,398 --> 01:25:16,413 these symbols of struggle are hauntingly similar. 1168 01:25:16,413 --> 01:25:20,554 The work of Korean sculptor Koh Gil-chun, 1169 01:25:20,554 --> 01:25:24,999 represents another fight of island people for freedom. 1170 01:25:35,790 --> 01:25:39,443 A semi-tropical sanctuary of unusual beauty, 1171 01:25:39,443 --> 01:25:42,898 Jeju Island is a world heritage site. 1172 01:25:43,600 --> 01:25:46,888 The government of South Korea declared it 1173 01:25:46,888 --> 01:25:49,777 an island of world peace. 1174 01:25:55,398 --> 01:25:58,326 But on this island of peace has been built 1175 01:25:58,326 --> 01:26:02,819 one of the most provocative military bases in the world, 1176 01:26:02,819 --> 01:26:06,652 less than 400 miles from Shanghai. 1177 01:26:11,008 --> 01:26:14,101 Like Okinawa and the Marshall Islands, 1178 01:26:14,101 --> 01:26:17,732 this is America's frontline in it's so-called 1179 01:26:17,732 --> 01:26:19,666 "Pivot to Asia." 1180 01:26:22,032 --> 01:26:25,605 Here in once unspoiled Gangjeong Village, 1181 01:26:25,605 --> 01:26:28,370 the South Korean Navy has built a base 1182 01:26:28,370 --> 01:26:30,997 for American aircraft carriers, 1183 01:26:30,997 --> 01:26:34,900 nuclear submarines, and destroyers 1184 01:26:34,900 --> 01:26:37,568 equipped with the Aegis ballistic missile 1185 01:26:37,568 --> 01:26:40,735 aimed at China's defenses. 1186 01:26:43,317 --> 01:26:49,176 China's lifelines to the world in oil, trade, resources, 1187 01:26:49,176 --> 01:26:51,603 depend on shipping that comes through 1188 01:26:51,603 --> 01:26:54,666 chokepoints like this. 1189 01:26:55,865 --> 01:26:57,917 The US pivot into the Asian-Pacific 1190 01:26:57,917 --> 01:27:00,841 is really intended to create the ability 1191 01:27:00,841 --> 01:27:02,888 to put a loaded gun to the head of China 1192 01:27:02,888 --> 01:27:06,323 and say, you will do as we say 1193 01:27:06,323 --> 01:27:08,430 otherwise we will be able to restrict. 1194 01:27:08,430 --> 01:27:10,974 We'll be able to shut down, choke off 1195 01:27:10,974 --> 01:27:14,641 your importation of oil and other resources. 1196 01:27:30,580 --> 01:27:32,333 For nine years, every day, 1197 01:27:32,333 --> 01:27:35,510 often twice a day, these Catholic priests 1198 01:27:35,510 --> 01:27:38,152 have staged a mass that blocked the gates 1199 01:27:38,152 --> 01:27:41,628 of the new military base on Jeju Island. 1200 01:27:54,331 --> 01:27:56,996 In a country where political demonstrations 1201 01:27:56,996 --> 01:28:01,397 can be easily banned, unlike powerful religions, 1202 01:28:01,397 --> 01:28:05,994 the tactic has produced this spectacle of resistance. 1203 01:28:25,496 --> 01:28:28,777 Father Mun Jeong-hyeon has led the fight 1204 01:28:28,777 --> 01:28:31,110 to stop the base being built 1205 01:28:33,864 --> 01:28:37,531 and several times suffered serious injuries. 1206 01:28:59,075 --> 01:29:01,832 I sing four songs everyday. 1207 01:29:01,832 --> 01:29:04,675 Before the Mass, during the Mass, at the end of the Mass 1208 01:29:04,675 --> 01:29:07,444 and the end of the rosary. 1209 01:29:09,596 --> 01:29:12,400 The content of song is very beautiful. 1210 01:29:12,701 --> 01:29:18,114 The writer and composer is the musician 1211 01:29:18,114 --> 01:29:20,200 from this island. 1212 01:29:20,729 --> 01:29:24,234 I love him very much and he gave me their song 1213 01:29:24,234 --> 01:29:27,734 which I practiced and I became a master 1214 01:29:27,734 --> 01:29:31,884 to sing that song because I practice everyday. 1215 01:29:31,884 --> 01:29:35,878 You sing it with such passion. 1216 01:29:44,865 --> 01:29:46,267 Sometimes we just wait. 1217 01:29:46,267 --> 01:29:48,988 Typhoon, typhoon strike! 1218 01:29:48,988 --> 01:29:50,263 Do you sing then? 1219 01:29:50,263 --> 01:29:52,980 Do you have a Mass when the typhoons strike? 1220 01:29:52,980 --> 01:29:53,813 Oh yes. 1221 01:29:55,538 --> 01:29:56,705 No exceptions. 1222 01:29:58,974 --> 01:30:01,465 What will happen 1223 01:30:01,465 --> 01:30:04,138 if this base becomes operational? 1224 01:30:04,138 --> 01:30:06,541 They have destroyed the environment, 1225 01:30:06,541 --> 01:30:09,433 they destroy the life of all of us. 1226 01:30:09,433 --> 01:30:14,600 We should be witness of their oppression and violence. 1227 01:30:15,182 --> 01:30:16,130 Why do they do it? 1228 01:30:16,130 --> 01:30:20,776 They'd like to rule the Pacific area, the whole area. 1229 01:30:20,776 --> 01:30:25,222 They'd like to make China isolated in this globe. 1230 01:30:26,776 --> 01:30:31,666 The US government want to be in power of this world. 1231 01:30:36,675 --> 01:30:39,532 Meanwhile, a Quaker called Mr. Oh 1232 01:30:39,532 --> 01:30:42,991 joins them with his own ritual of protest, 1233 01:30:42,991 --> 01:30:46,658 accompanied by an artist called Wild Flower. 1234 01:32:31,000 --> 01:32:33,861 This is the center of an empire 1235 01:32:33,861 --> 01:32:36,332 that never speaks its name, 1236 01:32:36,332 --> 01:32:40,795 whose power is represented in this extraordinary world map 1237 01:32:40,795 --> 01:32:43,045 of American military bases. 1238 01:32:48,099 --> 01:32:51,496 4000 bases in the United States, 1239 01:32:51,496 --> 01:32:55,496 almost 1000 bases spread across every continent. 1240 01:32:59,494 --> 01:33:01,379 The archipelago of empire, 1241 01:33:01,379 --> 01:33:03,606 the bases that we have around the world 1242 01:33:03,606 --> 01:33:08,625 hidden in plain sight are the real territory of our empire 1243 01:33:08,625 --> 01:33:13,435 but at the same time we maintain independent governments 1244 01:33:13,435 --> 01:33:16,352 in Japan or South Korea or Germany. 1245 01:33:17,665 --> 01:33:19,855 They don't have autonomy when it comes to foreign policy. 1246 01:33:19,855 --> 01:33:23,695 So it's a very sophisticated and effective system 1247 01:33:23,695 --> 01:33:27,004 whereby we pat ourselves on the back for 1248 01:33:27,004 --> 01:33:31,038 helping to midwife democracy in Japan 1249 01:33:31,038 --> 01:33:34,124 and Germany and South Korea and various other places 1250 01:33:34,124 --> 01:33:37,394 while keeping the lid on in that we don't know 1251 01:33:37,394 --> 01:33:39,223 what these countries would do if they were 1252 01:33:39,223 --> 01:33:40,845 fully independent. 1253 01:33:40,845 --> 01:33:42,579 And the beauty of this system is that 1254 01:33:42,579 --> 01:33:44,522 most people pay no attention to it at all. 1255 01:33:44,522 --> 01:33:46,777 They think it's just a natural occurrence 1256 01:33:46,777 --> 01:33:50,716 to have 50,000 American troops in Japan. 1257 01:33:50,716 --> 01:33:54,541 There's no country that has better anti-imperial credit… 1258 01:33:54,541 --> 01:33:57,000 cred than the United States. 1259 01:33:57,000 --> 01:33:58,555 And we are not trying to recreate 1260 01:33:58,555 --> 01:34:02,222 the glories of the British Empire. 1261 01:34:02,333 --> 01:34:05,187 We're arguing that the world is round. 1262 01:34:05,187 --> 01:34:07,104 We have a global policy 1263 01:34:08,638 --> 01:34:12,800 and all nations have global rights. 1264 01:34:13,081 --> 01:34:15,695 No ocean has ever been dominated 1265 01:34:15,695 --> 01:34:20,444 the way the US dominates the Pacific, Navy and Air Force. 1266 01:34:21,283 --> 01:34:24,764 They claim that in the Pearl Harbor headquarters 1267 01:34:24,764 --> 01:34:29,145 of the Pacific Command, they claim to be responsible 1268 01:34:29,145 --> 01:34:33,086 for 52 percent of the Earth's surface. 1269 01:34:33,086 --> 01:34:35,912 And when you look at their logo, 1270 01:34:35,912 --> 01:34:38,860 it shows an eagle over the Aleutian Islands 1271 01:34:38,860 --> 01:34:41,556 with one tail coming down somewhere near Seattle 1272 01:34:41,556 --> 01:34:44,700 and the other coming down right over Beijing. 1273 01:34:44,700 --> 01:34:50,146 So Beijing looks at a network of bases, 1274 01:34:50,146 --> 01:34:52,232 a real archipelago of empire 1275 01:34:52,232 --> 01:34:54,896 that's been built up since the Korean War. 1276 01:34:54,896 --> 01:34:57,573 You have had and still have 1277 01:34:57,573 --> 01:35:02,069 an arc of bases that start in Australia 1278 01:35:02,069 --> 01:35:03,166 and go through the Pacific… 1279 01:35:03,166 --> 01:35:04,035 No. 1280 01:35:04,035 --> 01:35:05,866 We have no bases in Australia. 1281 01:35:05,866 --> 01:35:08,025 You have Pine Gap, you have Darwin… 1282 01:35:08,025 --> 01:35:09,118 No. 1283 01:35:09,118 --> 01:35:10,983 And you have a new facility in Western Australia. 1284 01:35:10,983 --> 01:35:12,664 No, to speak precisely, 1285 01:35:12,664 --> 01:35:15,834 we have no military bases in Australia. 1286 01:35:15,834 --> 01:35:23,449 What we do is operate with and in Australian bases. 1287 01:35:23,449 --> 01:35:27,282 But we're not in the basing business nowadays. 1288 01:35:31,375 --> 01:35:33,919 There's a growing collection of what are referred to as 1289 01:35:33,919 --> 01:35:35,777 "lilypad bases." 1290 01:35:36,142 --> 01:35:40,373 These are bases that have typically two, 300 troops, 1291 01:35:40,373 --> 01:35:44,149 no family members, very few amenities, 1292 01:35:44,149 --> 01:35:46,115 and they are often quite secretive. 1293 01:35:46,115 --> 01:35:48,137 They are bases that are frequently constructed 1294 01:35:48,137 --> 01:35:51,705 within a foreign country's base to disguise it 1295 01:35:51,705 --> 01:35:55,779 and generally are not referred to as bases. 1296 01:35:55,779 --> 01:35:57,860 Many of these bases have been set up 1297 01:35:57,860 --> 01:36:02,777 to combat China's worldwide economic influence. 1298 01:36:05,175 --> 01:36:09,989 From these bases, the United States operates a secret army 1299 01:36:09,989 --> 01:36:12,999 in 147 countries. 1300 01:36:14,188 --> 01:36:15,614 If you're gonna be a free country 1301 01:36:15,614 --> 01:36:18,391 rather than give in to every gangster regime in the world, 1302 01:36:18,391 --> 01:36:20,217 you're gonna have to take a risk. 1303 01:36:20,217 --> 01:36:22,997 'Cause the gangsters, they want to eliminate 1304 01:36:22,997 --> 01:36:26,251 good people in the world so they can… 1305 01:36:26,251 --> 01:36:29,989 and in China, they want to dominate all of the Far East, 1306 01:36:29,989 --> 01:36:31,035 they want to dominate. 1307 01:36:31,035 --> 01:36:33,954 Just like Japan wanted to before World War Two. 1308 01:36:33,954 --> 01:36:36,543 Their goal was to dominate that part of the world. 1309 01:36:36,543 --> 01:36:41,597 Today, because there's been no political reform in Beijing, 1310 01:36:41,597 --> 01:36:46,087 these guys want to dominate a huge chunk of the planet. 1311 01:36:46,920 --> 01:36:49,109 Andrew Krepinevich served on 1312 01:36:49,109 --> 01:36:51,643 America's National Defense Panel. 1313 01:36:51,643 --> 01:36:55,689 He's a military strategist and war planner. 1314 01:36:55,689 --> 01:36:59,296 You've written that airstrikes and naval blockades 1315 01:36:59,296 --> 01:37:02,999 have a role to play in punishing China. 1316 01:37:04,000 --> 01:37:08,498 You've described the need for sea mines. 1317 01:37:08,498 --> 01:37:11,126 You've described the need for special forces, 1318 01:37:11,126 --> 01:37:15,999 US Special Forces, and missiles placed on islands. 1319 01:37:16,562 --> 01:37:19,274 This sounds like a preparation for war. 1320 01:37:19,274 --> 01:37:21,663 Our first president, George Washington, 1321 01:37:21,663 --> 01:37:24,680 said that if you want peace, prepare for war. 1322 01:37:24,680 --> 01:37:28,151 And essentially what the United States is doing again 1323 01:37:28,151 --> 01:37:32,777 is responding to provocative behavior on the part of China. 1324 01:37:33,177 --> 01:37:35,792 And just as we did in the Cold War, 1325 01:37:35,792 --> 01:37:41,483 the idea was to have a position of military strength 1326 01:37:41,483 --> 01:37:43,375 such that your adversaries were not tempted 1327 01:37:43,375 --> 01:37:46,005 to act in aggressive ways or 1328 01:37:46,005 --> 01:37:48,572 try and employ coercion to get their way. 1329 01:37:48,572 --> 01:37:53,090 Just last week the US Navy sent a guided missile destroyer 1330 01:37:53,090 --> 01:37:58,676 into the Spratly Islands, the South China Sea. 1331 01:37:58,676 --> 01:38:01,636 And what was different about this, I think, 1332 01:38:01,636 --> 01:38:05,182 was that Chinese fighters scrambled. 1333 01:38:05,182 --> 01:38:07,845 That sounds like an escalator. 1334 01:38:07,845 --> 01:38:10,428 Well again, from an American prospective, 1335 01:38:10,428 --> 01:38:12,423 the escalation was that the Chinese 1336 01:38:12,423 --> 01:38:15,666 beginning to militarize these islands in the first place, 1337 01:38:15,666 --> 01:38:19,892 moving its military capabilities down into that region, 1338 01:38:19,892 --> 01:38:21,804 engaging in provocative behavior against 1339 01:38:21,804 --> 01:38:26,981 the commercial activities and military forces of 1340 01:38:26,981 --> 01:38:28,637 other minor countries in the region 1341 01:38:28,637 --> 01:38:30,740 that have claim to those islands. 1342 01:38:30,740 --> 01:38:34,364 So it's a response to Chinese intimidation rather… 1343 01:38:34,364 --> 01:38:38,201 Excuse me, how is commerce being intimidated 1344 01:38:38,201 --> 01:38:40,339 in the South China Sea? 1345 01:38:40,339 --> 01:38:42,029 There have been no military forces, 1346 01:38:42,029 --> 01:38:43,596 no military bases there. 1347 01:38:43,596 --> 01:38:44,714 The Chinese… 1348 01:38:44,714 --> 01:38:46,846 Except the United States military base. 1349 01:38:46,846 --> 01:38:48,100 Not in the South China Sea. 1350 01:38:48,100 --> 01:38:49,709 Not even in the Philippines because 1351 01:38:49,709 --> 01:38:52,178 the United States withdrew its forces in the Philippines. 1352 01:38:52,178 --> 01:38:55,008 But the United States is back in the Philippines. 1353 01:38:55,008 --> 01:38:57,271 The Philippines and the United States have announced 1354 01:38:57,271 --> 01:39:00,057 five different locations scattered all throughout 1355 01:39:00,057 --> 01:39:01,997 the Philippines where US troops will 1356 01:39:01,997 --> 01:39:05,640 be stationed on a rotational basis. 1357 01:39:05,640 --> 01:39:08,133 This threat to China from yet more 1358 01:39:08,133 --> 01:39:12,289 US bases on its doorstep was not an issue 1359 01:39:12,289 --> 01:39:16,536 when an arbitration tribunal ruled against China's claims 1360 01:39:16,536 --> 01:39:21,999 to the strategic Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. 1361 01:39:22,668 --> 01:39:27,710 In 2015, the US Navy rehearsed a blockade 1362 01:39:27,710 --> 01:39:30,465 that would cut China's lifelines of oil 1363 01:39:30,465 --> 01:39:33,398 and trade and raw materials. 1364 01:39:34,129 --> 01:39:37,879 The danger of confrontation grows by the day. 1365 01:39:40,262 --> 01:39:43,432 The US Navy is on the doorstep of China 1366 01:39:43,432 --> 01:39:45,985 regardless of disputed islands 1367 01:39:45,985 --> 01:39:49,353 and is there with low-draft ships, 1368 01:39:49,353 --> 01:39:51,888 planes, battle groups. 1369 01:39:52,089 --> 01:39:54,449 It's right on the doorsteps. 1370 01:39:54,449 --> 01:39:55,781 What of Chinese ships? 1371 01:39:55,781 --> 01:39:59,765 What if the equivalent was off California? 1372 01:39:59,765 --> 01:40:03,724 Well John, we ask ourselves that question regularly. 1373 01:40:03,724 --> 01:40:08,591 And it's important to put yourself in the other guy's shoes. 1374 01:40:08,906 --> 01:40:10,285 So look. 1375 01:40:10,285 --> 01:40:15,899 We don't operate in the Pacific in an effort 1376 01:40:15,899 --> 01:40:20,633 to scare China, to contain China, to backfoot China. 1377 01:40:20,633 --> 01:40:24,005 Our operations and our presence, 1378 01:40:24,005 --> 01:40:28,322 first of all, is warmly welcomed by the vast majority 1379 01:40:28,322 --> 01:40:31,568 of the coastal states, but secondly, 1380 01:40:31,568 --> 01:40:34,127 is fully accepted by the Chinese. 1381 01:40:34,127 --> 01:40:35,414 Time after time… 1382 01:40:35,414 --> 01:40:38,387 Excuse me, is it fully accepted? 1383 01:40:38,387 --> 01:40:40,809 Yes, by their words. 1384 01:40:40,809 --> 01:40:42,176 The Chinese leaders… 1385 01:40:42,176 --> 01:40:45,936 My impression is that they're scared. 1386 01:40:45,936 --> 01:40:48,987 And this is what they're scared of. 1387 01:40:48,987 --> 01:40:51,987 A noose of bases right around China. 1388 01:40:56,805 --> 01:41:01,855 Missiles, bombers, drones, warships. 1389 01:41:01,855 --> 01:41:05,444 A provocation of war. 1390 01:41:06,843 --> 01:41:11,410 Today, I state clearly and with conviction. 1391 01:41:11,410 --> 01:41:14,917 America's commitment to seek the peace and security 1392 01:41:14,917 --> 01:41:17,396 of a world without nuclear weapons. 1393 01:41:20,822 --> 01:41:22,222 Under Obama, 1394 01:41:22,222 --> 01:41:25,042 nuclear warhead spending has risen higher 1395 01:41:25,042 --> 01:41:29,925 than under any president since the end of the Cold War. 1396 01:41:29,925 --> 01:41:32,574 It's all a magician's show because 1397 01:41:32,574 --> 01:41:35,918 at the same time that Obama is talking about that, 1398 01:41:35,918 --> 01:41:37,947 not only is he spending a trillion dollars 1399 01:41:37,947 --> 01:41:40,684 to modernize US nuclear forces, 1400 01:41:40,684 --> 01:41:42,954 but he's deploying these missile defense systems 1401 01:41:42,954 --> 01:41:44,885 to encircle Russia and China, 1402 01:41:44,885 --> 01:41:47,201 which makes it impossible to 1403 01:41:47,201 --> 01:41:49,837 get rid of nuclear weapons in that climate. 1404 01:41:49,837 --> 01:41:52,891 Everybody wants to look like they're tough. 1405 01:41:52,891 --> 01:41:54,270 See, I gotta be tough. 1406 01:41:54,270 --> 01:41:57,081 I'm not afraid of doing anything military. 1407 01:41:57,081 --> 01:41:58,383 I'm not afraid of threatening. 1408 01:41:58,383 --> 01:42:00,840 I'm a hairy-chested gorilla. 1409 01:42:00,840 --> 01:42:04,540 And you don't want to look like you're weak, 1410 01:42:04,540 --> 01:42:08,707 so what you do is you talk more and more aggressively 1411 01:42:10,499 --> 01:42:13,096 and if you don't want to do it yourself, 1412 01:42:13,096 --> 01:42:16,976 because you maybe think it doesn't look very presidential, 1413 01:42:16,976 --> 01:42:20,476 you let somebody under you do the talking. 1414 01:42:22,459 --> 01:42:25,203 The United States has gotten into a situation 1415 01:42:25,203 --> 01:42:30,120 where there's a lot of military saber-rattling 1416 01:42:30,120 --> 01:42:34,208 and it's really being orchestrated from the top. 1417 01:42:34,208 --> 01:42:39,386 Yeah, that seems incredibly dangerous, all of this. 1418 01:42:39,386 --> 01:42:43,023 That's an understatement, I think, but I agree. 1419 01:42:43,023 --> 01:42:45,423 When you routinely plan for mass murder, 1420 01:42:45,423 --> 01:42:47,197 you become conditioned to it. 1421 01:42:47,197 --> 01:42:48,552 That's what this is. 1422 01:42:48,552 --> 01:42:49,655 We accept it. 1423 01:42:49,655 --> 01:42:51,493 Oh yeah, we have nuclear weapons. 1424 01:42:51,493 --> 01:42:54,261 The Defense Secretary, he's just announced 1425 01:42:54,261 --> 01:42:58,104 that there will be warships and special forces 1426 01:42:58,104 --> 01:43:00,891 and planes sent to the Philippines 1427 01:43:00,891 --> 01:43:03,792 and the Wall Street Journal has described this as 1428 01:43:03,792 --> 01:43:09,996 "the vanguard of a major US presence in Southeast Asia." 1429 01:43:09,996 --> 01:43:10,829 That sounds like… 1430 01:43:10,829 --> 01:43:12,740 Where does this end? 1431 01:43:12,740 --> 01:43:14,169 What's the purpose? 1432 01:43:14,169 --> 01:43:16,663 I mean, where are we going to stop this process 1433 01:43:16,663 --> 01:43:19,271 before it starts a war? 1434 01:43:19,271 --> 01:43:21,740 And then if the war starts, where does that end? 1435 01:44:06,777 --> 01:44:09,800 The scientific studies that I teach by the scientists 1436 01:44:09,800 --> 01:44:11,897 that predict that the Earth can be made 1437 01:44:11,897 --> 01:44:14,162 essentially uninhabitable from nuclear war, 1438 01:44:14,162 --> 01:44:16,724 the scientists have been begging the Obama administration… 1439 01:44:16,724 --> 01:44:18,123 well, they wouldn't say begging. 1440 01:44:18,123 --> 01:44:19,910 But they have made multiple requests 1441 01:44:19,910 --> 01:44:21,804 to meet with them and discuss these predictions 1442 01:44:21,804 --> 01:44:23,008 because they're peer-reviewed studies 1443 01:44:23,008 --> 01:44:25,941 and they've been turned down over and over again. 1444 01:44:25,941 --> 01:44:27,489 They've been peripherally told that, 1445 01:44:27,489 --> 01:44:29,795 well we don't think the long-term 1446 01:44:29,795 --> 01:44:31,989 environmental consequences of nuclear war 1447 01:44:31,989 --> 01:44:33,445 are all that important if the immediate effects 1448 01:44:33,445 --> 01:44:35,803 of nuclear war don't stop it. 1449 01:44:35,803 --> 01:44:38,222 That the long-term environmental consequences of nuclear war 1450 01:44:38,222 --> 01:44:41,479 are liable to wipe out the human race. 1451 01:44:41,479 --> 01:44:43,055 In one exchange, 1452 01:44:43,055 --> 01:44:47,161 nuclear exchange between the US and China, 1453 01:44:47,161 --> 01:44:49,744 what could be the consequences? 1454 01:44:50,100 --> 01:44:51,300 Well let me just give you an example 1455 01:44:51,300 --> 01:44:54,850 of what one Chinese four or five megaton warhead 1456 01:44:54,850 --> 01:44:59,395 would do to a city in the United States if it got through. 1457 01:44:59,395 --> 01:45:01,773 The detonation of that weapon over a city 1458 01:45:01,773 --> 01:45:03,473 would instantly ignite about 1459 01:45:03,473 --> 01:45:06,140 six or 700 square miles on fire. 1460 01:45:07,235 --> 01:45:09,203 And within 20 to 30 minutes, 1461 01:45:09,203 --> 01:45:10,634 all of those fires would coalesce 1462 01:45:10,634 --> 01:45:12,972 into a single gigantic firestorm. 1463 01:45:12,972 --> 01:45:14,186 There would be no escape from it. 1464 01:45:14,186 --> 01:45:16,670 So all the people there would perish. 1465 01:45:16,670 --> 01:45:17,958 So the US, with say, 1466 01:45:17,958 --> 01:45:22,000 hundreds of nuclear weapons on Chinese cities. 1467 01:45:22,000 --> 01:45:24,835 When you combine all the smoke 1468 01:45:24,835 --> 01:45:27,218 from these nuclear weapons detonating, 1469 01:45:27,218 --> 01:45:29,739 it actually creates millions of tons of smoke. 1470 01:45:29,739 --> 01:45:33,129 Black carbon smoke that'll rise above cloud level 1471 01:45:33,129 --> 01:45:35,314 into the stratosphere, it's heated by the sun, 1472 01:45:35,314 --> 01:45:37,057 it acts like a solar collector. 1473 01:45:37,057 --> 01:45:38,451 And that smoke, because of that, 1474 01:45:38,451 --> 01:45:41,638 will stay there for 10 years or longer. 1475 01:45:41,638 --> 01:45:43,107 And what the smoke does is it blocks 1476 01:45:43,107 --> 01:45:46,417 warming sunlight from reaching the surface of the earth 1477 01:45:46,417 --> 01:45:49,711 and it becomes so cold in a matter of just a couple of weeks 1478 01:45:49,711 --> 01:45:52,377 that the temperature will fall below freezing 1479 01:45:52,377 --> 01:45:55,127 every day for one to three years. 1480 01:45:57,617 --> 01:45:59,800 And it will become too cold to grow food crops 1481 01:45:59,800 --> 01:46:02,467 for at least 10 years or longer. 1482 01:46:12,748 --> 01:46:14,645 I mean, there's like a total disconnect 1483 01:46:14,645 --> 01:46:16,396 with the changing world. 1484 01:46:16,396 --> 01:46:20,917 You have a giant rising power, in this case, China. 1485 01:46:20,917 --> 01:46:22,919 Why would you expect a giant rising power 1486 01:46:22,919 --> 01:46:26,256 to not want to have more control over its destiny? 1487 01:46:26,256 --> 01:46:27,798 What we should be doing in my view 1488 01:46:27,798 --> 01:46:32,993 is trying to cultivate a sense of friendship and cooperation 1489 01:46:32,993 --> 01:46:34,995 and we can have our differences with them. 1490 01:46:34,995 --> 01:46:36,325 If we think they're doing something in trade 1491 01:46:36,325 --> 01:46:39,487 that we don't like, let's have it out with them. 1492 01:46:39,487 --> 01:46:40,903 But this saber-rattling is 1493 01:46:40,903 --> 01:46:42,821 the worst thing we can possibly do. 1494 01:46:48,270 --> 01:46:52,981 It is time to show the whole world 1495 01:46:52,981 --> 01:46:55,006 that America is back. 1496 01:46:55,006 --> 01:47:01,173 Bigger, and better, and stronger than ever before. 1497 01:47:01,783 --> 01:47:05,581 We don't have victories anymore. 1498 01:47:05,581 --> 01:47:08,007 We used to have victories, but we don't have 'em. 1499 01:47:08,007 --> 01:47:12,917 When was the last time anybody saw us beating, 1500 01:47:12,917 --> 01:47:14,888 let's say China? 1501 01:47:15,330 --> 01:47:18,417 In a trade deal, they kill us. 1502 01:47:18,417 --> 01:47:21,440 We can't continue to allow China 1503 01:47:21,440 --> 01:47:24,183 to rape our country, and that's what they're doing. 1504 01:47:24,183 --> 01:47:28,123 It's the greatest theft in the history of the world. 1505 01:47:31,000 --> 01:47:34,071 The new president, Donald Trump, 1506 01:47:34,071 --> 01:47:36,154 has a problem with China. 1507 01:47:37,000 --> 01:47:39,375 The urgent question now is, 1508 01:47:39,375 --> 01:47:42,575 will Trump continue with the provocations 1509 01:47:42,575 --> 01:47:47,555 revealed in this film and take us all to the edge of war? 1510 01:47:50,407 --> 01:47:53,671 There never have been two countries 1511 01:47:53,671 --> 01:47:55,904 more interdependent on each other 1512 01:47:55,904 --> 01:47:58,654 than China and the US in history. 1513 01:48:00,546 --> 01:48:02,295 And China is the largest trading nation 1514 01:48:02,295 --> 01:48:04,719 in the world and in history. 1515 01:48:04,719 --> 01:48:08,327 So China's economy and their societies, their lives, 1516 01:48:08,327 --> 01:48:11,910 are linked to the entire world. 1517 01:48:12,236 --> 01:48:14,865 Including America and the West and all the other countries. 1518 01:48:14,865 --> 01:48:17,358 So I think interdependence between these two countries 1519 01:48:17,358 --> 01:48:21,085 and among all the nations of the world, 1520 01:48:21,085 --> 01:48:23,047 speak to peace. 1521 01:48:54,024 --> 01:48:55,922 We don't have to accept the word 1522 01:48:55,922 --> 01:48:59,663 of those who conjure up threats and false enemies 1523 01:48:59,663 --> 01:49:03,555 to justify the business and profit of war 1524 01:49:03,900 --> 01:49:08,014 if we recognize there is another superpower, 1525 01:49:08,014 --> 01:49:09,700 and that's us. 1526 01:49:09,700 --> 01:49:13,840 Ordinary people everywhere, like the people of Okinawa, 1527 01:49:13,840 --> 01:49:16,992 Jeju Island, the Marshall Islands, 1528 01:49:16,992 --> 01:49:19,999 China, the United States. 1529 01:49:20,264 --> 01:49:24,431 By speaking out, they deliver a warning to all of us. 1530 01:49:26,051 --> 01:49:29,884 Can we really afford to be silent? 1530 01:49:32,500 --> 01:49:40,500 Improved By Namikage120530

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