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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:10,552 --> 00:00:13,760 [ Men shouting I 2 00:00:52,636 --> 00:00:54,297 [ Shouts in German I 3 00:00:58,308 --> 00:00:59,673 [ speaking German I 4 00:01:21,540 --> 00:01:24,373 [ Gasping, choking I 5 00:01:40,475 --> 00:01:43,262 [ Ordnance exploding I 6 00:01:43,353 --> 00:01:47,767 [I German I 7 00:02:02,372 --> 00:02:04,237 [ Gasps I 8 00:02:09,588 --> 00:02:13,957 [I German I 9 00:02:16,553 --> 00:02:19,420 [ gasps, choking I 10 00:04:42,199 --> 00:04:43,985 [ Man narrating I over a 30-year period... 11 00:04:44,075 --> 00:04:47,192 From 1974 fo 1945... 12 00:04:48,371 --> 00:04:51,204 More than 100 million people will die... 13 00:04:52,417 --> 00:04:56,535 In the bloodiest conflict the world has ever seen. 14 00:04:57,798 --> 00:05:00,881 But it all began in the slums of Vienna. 15 00:05:10,310 --> 00:05:12,016 At age 25... 16 00:05:12,103 --> 00:05:16,221 Adolf Hitler is a poor loner and aspiring artist... 17 00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:19,015 Struggling fo survive. 18 00:05:21,363 --> 00:05:24,901 Both his parents are dead... 19 00:05:26,743 --> 00:05:29,610 Leaving Hitler iruly alone in the world. 20 00:05:31,248 --> 00:05:34,536 He was a lost soul. He wanted to be an artist. 21 00:05:35,544 --> 00:05:41,835 But he couldn't get into the art school, and he ended up living in a flophouse. 22 00:05:48,265 --> 00:05:50,756 Left without any means of support... 23 00:05:51,893 --> 00:05:55,761 His only way fo make money is selling paintings around fown... 24 00:05:55,856 --> 00:05:57,346 For next to nothing. 25 00:05:58,275 --> 00:06:01,187 Hitler didn't have a plan b when he was rejected. 26 00:06:01,278 --> 00:06:04,816 He just didn't know what to do, so he started to drift. 27 00:06:05,991 --> 00:06:10,530 He had very little money. He was living a hand-to-mouth existence. 28 00:06:10,620 --> 00:06:12,702 He had no clear aim in life at all. 29 00:06:12,789 --> 00:06:15,576 He was, in a sense, waiting for something to happen. 30 00:06:17,752 --> 00:06:22,837 Before long, a chance event 450 miles away... 31 00:06:22,924 --> 00:06:25,210 Will change everything. 32 00:06:29,139 --> 00:06:31,596 June 28, 1914. 33 00:06:32,434 --> 00:06:33,890 [ Gunshot I 34 00:06:33,977 --> 00:06:37,435 an assassin takes down the archduke of Austria-Hungary. 35 00:06:40,358 --> 00:06:43,191 The murder ignites a deadly conflict... 36 00:06:44,154 --> 00:06:46,645 That quickly erupts into war. 37 00:06:48,199 --> 00:06:52,067 From the tangle of alliances, two sides emerge. 38 00:06:52,162 --> 00:06:56,155 Britain, France and Russia become known as the allies... 39 00:06:57,667 --> 00:07:01,251 While Austria-Hungary, Germany and the ottoman empire... 40 00:07:01,338 --> 00:07:03,249 Form the central powers. 41 00:07:05,592 --> 00:07:08,208 Filled with a patriotic sense of urgency... 42 00:07:08,303 --> 00:07:11,170 Men on both sides rush to join the fight. 43 00:07:13,016 --> 00:07:16,429 For Hitler, it's the opportunity he's been waiting for. 44 00:07:16,519 --> 00:07:18,805 He quickly rushes fo enlist. 45 00:07:19,856 --> 00:07:23,394 He tried out for the Austrian army. He failed the physical. 46 00:07:23,485 --> 00:07:25,771 He wasn't considered strong enough to carry a rifle. 47 00:07:26,863 --> 00:07:28,694 Rejected by his own country... 48 00:07:29,616 --> 00:07:34,781 Hitler turns fo the German army, who's accepting almost anyone... 49 00:07:34,871 --> 00:07:39,410 As they work to build the largest fighting force in the world. 50 00:07:52,514 --> 00:07:56,382 [ Narrator I Germany has finally given Hitler what he's always wanted- 51 00:07:57,978 --> 00:07:59,843 a place to belong. 52 00:08:01,898 --> 00:08:04,377 I think that the decision to enter the military, for most people... 53 00:08:04,401 --> 00:08:06,266 Is hot a decision to serve. 54 00:08:07,070 --> 00:08:08,731 It may be, in a very general sense... 55 00:08:08,822 --> 00:08:12,235 But it's more often because something else is motivating you. 56 00:08:19,416 --> 00:08:20,701 Zwel! 57 00:08:24,087 --> 00:08:25,087 Drer/ 58 00:08:27,340 --> 00:08:28,420 vier! 59 00:08:30,093 --> 00:08:32,835 Throughout August of 1914... 60 00:08:32,929 --> 00:08:35,591 Hitler trained as a private in the German army. 61 00:08:37,267 --> 00:08:40,930 The German army was considered to be the finest army in the world. 62 00:08:41,021 --> 00:08:43,854 It was a massive force... 63 00:08:43,940 --> 00:08:48,229 Well equipped, well trained and very well led... 64 00:08:48,319 --> 00:08:50,310 And Hitler was swept away. 65 00:08:51,156 --> 00:08:53,112 Being part of the German army... 66 00:08:53,199 --> 00:08:56,362 Was something that Hitler deeply loved. 67 00:09:01,416 --> 00:09:04,374 The structure of training transforms Hitler .. 68 00:09:04,461 --> 00:09:06,668 Info a devout German soldier. 69 00:09:09,340 --> 00:09:12,503 Hitler joins one and a half million Germans... 70 00:09:12,594 --> 00:09:16,553 Marching towards the French border and the unified allied forces. 71 00:09:17,849 --> 00:09:21,433 In the history of warfare, armies this large... 72 00:09:21,519 --> 00:09:23,259 Have never met in combat 73 00:09:25,190 --> 00:09:27,647 6,000 miles away... 74 00:09:28,485 --> 00:09:31,443 America has nothing to do with the war in Europe. 75 00:09:32,614 --> 00:09:35,481 Theyre in their own war with pancho villa. 76 00:09:41,873 --> 00:09:43,784 The Mexican revolutionary... 77 00:09:43,875 --> 00:09:46,412 Is carrying out violent attacks on us. Citizens... 78 00:09:46,503 --> 00:09:48,414 Along the southwestern border. 79 00:09:53,009 --> 00:09:54,670 But he goes foo far. 80 00:10:12,028 --> 00:10:14,940 Villa and his men seize an American mining train... 81 00:10:15,031 --> 00:10:17,943 Brutally killing 16 innocent Americans... 82 00:10:19,452 --> 00:10:22,694 Leaving the U.S. military no choice but to take action. 83 00:10:26,334 --> 00:10:30,293 Nearly 5,000 American froops cross the Mexican border... 84 00:10:30,380 --> 00:10:31,870 Fo take down villa. 85 00:10:33,049 --> 00:10:36,166 But fighting a guerrilla force with a traditional army... 86 00:10:37,220 --> 00:10:38,881 Is next fo impossible. 87 00:10:51,526 --> 00:10:54,609 One army caplain is determined fo find a different way. 88 00:10:56,948 --> 00:11:00,361 His name is George s. Patton. 89 00:11:08,042 --> 00:11:11,079 Patton's ancestors fought in the revolutionary war. 90 00:11:11,171 --> 00:11:14,663 They fought in the civil war. He grew up wanting to be a military hero. 91 00:11:14,757 --> 00:11:19,421 He has a reputation for being smart, tough and for being ruthless. 92 00:11:20,847 --> 00:11:24,339 And he had another quality that's essential in military leadership. 93 00:11:25,435 --> 00:11:27,471 He understands the power of technology... 94 00:11:27,562 --> 00:11:30,099 And he doesn't want to fight with cavalry and with horses. 95 00:11:31,107 --> 00:11:33,143 He's looking for new technology... 96 00:11:33,234 --> 00:11:35,850 That will change the nature of the battlefield. 97 00:11:35,945 --> 00:11:38,277 So the car is fairly new. 98 00:11:40,617 --> 00:11:45,782 If you strap a gun to a car, you've got a new instrument of warfare. 99 00:11:49,125 --> 00:11:51,286 [ Narrator I what patton doesn't know... 100 00:11:52,045 --> 00:11:54,627 Is that he's about fo revolutionize warfare. 101 00:12:01,638 --> 00:12:05,472 I think patton knew only one direction, and that was forward. 102 00:12:05,558 --> 00:12:10,302 He had a lot of charisma. He was a very colorful leader. 103 00:12:10,396 --> 00:12:12,387 I thought he was very egotistical... 104 00:12:12,482 --> 00:12:17,101 And that's fine as long as you translate that into good leadership... 105 00:12:17,195 --> 00:12:19,652 But maybe a little bit over the top. 106 00:12:24,118 --> 00:12:25,824 Almost immediately... 107 00:12:25,912 --> 00:12:29,325 Patfon is able fo put his plan nto action... 108 00:12:35,713 --> 00:12:39,376 And he launches a surprise raid on pancho villa's camp. 109 00:12:40,969 --> 00:12:42,004 Faster! 110 00:12:45,056 --> 00:12:46,762 Got 'em on the run! Go! 111 00:12:53,523 --> 00:12:54,558 Faster! 112 00:12:58,695 --> 00:13:00,151 Get down! 113 00:13:05,034 --> 00:13:06,444 Let's go! Pick it up! 114 00:13:20,258 --> 00:13:22,920 [ Narrator I the bandits are no maftch... 115 00:13:23,011 --> 00:13:25,753 For patton and his mobile army... 116 00:13:25,847 --> 00:13:27,257 And by the end of the fight... 117 00:13:29,559 --> 00:13:31,515 Three of villa's men have been killed... 118 00:13:32,645 --> 00:13:35,432 Including his secona-in-command. 119 00:13:36,816 --> 00:13:40,855 The first use of motorized warfare by the United States army... 120 00:13:40,945 --> 00:13:43,061 Is a huge success... 121 00:13:44,741 --> 00:13:46,072 And for patton... 122 00:13:47,076 --> 00:13:50,739 It's the first step in his rise fo greatness. 123 00:13:55,043 --> 00:13:56,533 Half a world away... 124 00:13:57,754 --> 00:14:00,712 Wo massive armies collide on the battlefield... 125 00:14:04,719 --> 00:14:07,802 In the first major war with modern technology. 126 00:14:11,059 --> 00:14:14,017 When you look at world war I, it's about machine guns... 127 00:14:14,103 --> 00:14:18,062 And, you know, all of these sorts of new killing mechanisms. 128 00:14:18,775 --> 00:14:22,438 It's the beginning of the 20th century as a tech era. 129 00:14:22,528 --> 00:14:27,693 This is not men on horseback anymore. This is a motorized war. 130 00:14:29,452 --> 00:14:33,661 [ Narrator I the advanced weaponry turns the conflict into a slaughter. 131 00:14:34,707 --> 00:14:36,868 230 men are killed each hour- 132 00:14:39,879 --> 00:14:42,871 one death every 15 seconas. 133 00:14:43,466 --> 00:14:47,209 Really the machine gun probably did more than anything else. 134 00:14:47,303 --> 00:14:52,218 They found that if they dug even shallow trenches and used machine guns... 135 00:14:52,308 --> 00:14:56,802 A small number of troops could stop a large attacking force. 136 00:14:56,896 --> 00:14:59,433 And then both sides started to dig trenches... 137 00:14:59,524 --> 00:15:03,187 And so they were locked along this line, the western front... 138 00:15:03,277 --> 00:15:07,020 Which was this extraordinarily complex set of trenches... 139 00:15:07,115 --> 00:15:09,572 That didn't move very much either way. 140 00:15:11,953 --> 00:15:15,411 The trenches covered 25,000 miles. 141 00:15:15,498 --> 00:15:19,366 Laid end fo end, they would circle the globe. 142 00:15:23,756 --> 00:15:26,372 The area between the trenches ls so deadly... 143 00:15:28,010 --> 00:15:29,796 It's known... 144 00:15:32,181 --> 00:15:34,092 As no-man's-land. 145 00:15:42,525 --> 00:15:44,857 [ Men shouting I 146 00:15:48,531 --> 00:15:50,091 among the German soldiers... 147 00:15:50,116 --> 00:15:52,528 Stationed in the trenches along the western front... 148 00:15:54,871 --> 00:15:56,407 Is Adolf Hitler. 149 00:16:00,209 --> 00:16:02,621 But even after months on the front lines... 150 00:16:02,712 --> 00:16:05,044 Hitler is still seen as an oufcast 151 00:16:09,719 --> 00:16:12,961 Hitler was regarded by the other troops as something of a loner... 152 00:16:13,055 --> 00:16:17,594 Something of a rather peculiar, eccentric person who kept to himself. 153 00:16:19,854 --> 00:16:22,516 But what Hitler lacks in popularity... 154 00:16:22,607 --> 00:16:25,223 He makes up for in blind ambition. 155 00:16:25,318 --> 00:16:27,309 Runner! 156 00:16:28,571 --> 00:16:30,607 Command wants this taken to the 3rd battalion. 157 00:16:31,824 --> 00:16:33,564 - Now! - Yes, sir. 158 00:16:35,620 --> 00:16:39,238 Hitler's role as a messenger was actually considered... 159 00:16:39,332 --> 00:16:43,245 Perhaps the most dangerous task in trench warfare. 160 00:16:44,212 --> 00:16:48,581 Running from trench to trench, exposing himself to enemy fire... 161 00:16:48,674 --> 00:16:53,134 The mortality rate for messengers was quite significant. 162 00:16:55,848 --> 00:16:57,804 Fall back! 163 00:17:17,203 --> 00:17:18,409 [ Grunts I 164 00:17:25,378 --> 00:17:26,868 [ Bullets zip past I 165 00:18:33,863 --> 00:18:36,696 The Germans are retreating, Adolf Hitler has been injured... 166 00:18:36,782 --> 00:18:41,116 And he has this encounter with private Henry tandey... 167 00:18:41,871 --> 00:18:43,782 A British private. 168 00:19:02,266 --> 00:19:06,134 Tandey has Adolf Hitler in his sights... 169 00:19:06,228 --> 00:19:09,846 And even though he's a trained soldier... 170 00:19:09,940 --> 00:19:13,524 He can't bring himself to pull the trigger. 171 00:19:18,074 --> 00:19:20,065 If tandey had pulled the trigger... 172 00:19:21,160 --> 00:19:25,529 Adolf Hitler would have died on the battlefields in world war I... 173 00:19:25,623 --> 00:19:28,740 And the whole course of human history would have been changed. 174 00:19:28,834 --> 00:19:31,075 It's one of the great “what ifs” in history. 175 00:19:46,352 --> 00:19:48,513 The world wars have begun... 176 00:19:48,604 --> 00:19:50,686 With britain, France and Russia... 177 00:19:50,773 --> 00:19:53,810 Squaring off against Germany and the central powers. 178 00:19:55,027 --> 00:19:59,145 Modern weaponry is causing mass devastation on the battlefields... 179 00:19:59,865 --> 00:20:04,404 And tens of thousands of soldiers are now living in overcrowded trenches. 180 00:20:06,288 --> 00:20:09,496 Very soon after the war began, both sides realized... 181 00:20:09,583 --> 00:20:13,826 “We can entrench and the other side can't move us out. 182 00:20:13,921 --> 00:20:16,708 They can move us backwards a little bit... 183 00:20:16,799 --> 00:20:19,085 But only at horrendous cost.” 184 00:20:19,176 --> 00:20:20,712 And as a result of this... 185 00:20:20,803 --> 00:20:24,546 The war just bogged down in the muds of northern France. 186 00:20:33,107 --> 00:20:34,722 [ Narrator I but in London... 187 00:20:34,817 --> 00:20:37,980 One man is convinced he can break the stalemale. 188 00:20:39,822 --> 00:20:42,689 He comes up to the barman and says, “I would like-" 189 00:20:42,783 --> 00:20:45,320 born info one of the wealthiest families in britain... 190 00:20:45,411 --> 00:20:47,823 [ Continues, indistinct I 191 00:20:47,913 --> 00:20:50,825 he's risen through the ranks at unusual speed... 192 00:20:53,169 --> 00:20:55,785 Fo become the head of the British Navy. 193 00:20:58,007 --> 00:21:01,591 His name is Winston Churchill. 194 00:21:02,553 --> 00:21:05,761 Churchill had the most enormous self-confidence... 195 00:21:05,848 --> 00:21:08,089 And it's easy to see why that was the case. 196 00:21:08,184 --> 00:21:12,393 He was the son of lord Randolph Churchill, who was a brilliant politician... 197 00:21:12,480 --> 00:21:14,937 And so Churchill from the very young man... 198 00:21:15,024 --> 00:21:18,437 Saw himself, almost by divine right... 199 00:21:18,527 --> 00:21:20,734 As playing a leading role in politics. 200 00:21:25,576 --> 00:21:27,658 Churchill forms a bold plan... 201 00:21:27,745 --> 00:21:30,737 That he's certain will change the allies' fortunes. 202 00:21:32,041 --> 00:21:36,000 He, even at that point, considered himself a strategist... 203 00:21:36,086 --> 00:21:40,420 And he looked for ways to break the stalemate in western Europe... 204 00:21:40,508 --> 00:21:42,402 Rather than just to get more armies and more artillery... 205 00:21:42,426 --> 00:21:44,007 And it actually was fairly thoughtful. 206 00:21:44,845 --> 00:21:47,632 What if we could send the fleet to the south... 207 00:21:47,723 --> 00:21:49,384 Into the black sea? 208 00:21:50,434 --> 00:21:52,675 - Resupply the Russians? - Yes, exactly. 209 00:21:54,563 --> 00:21:56,144 There's no way. 210 00:21:56,232 --> 00:21:58,518 Yes, there is. Through gallipoli. 211 00:22:00,194 --> 00:22:02,651 Gallipoli? No. 212 00:22:02,738 --> 00:22:04,649 This is our way in. 213 00:22:04,740 --> 00:22:07,402 With all due respect, we are here to provide information- 214 00:22:07,493 --> 00:22:09,404 this is what we are doing. 215 00:22:10,913 --> 00:22:14,100 A lot of the people Churchill worked with thought he was a man of contradictions... 216 00:22:14,124 --> 00:22:15,989 A Maverick, a loose Cannon. 217 00:22:16,085 --> 00:22:18,497 He was known as someone to watch. 218 00:22:18,587 --> 00:22:21,294 His friends would say someone to watch 'cause he's very talented... 219 00:22:21,382 --> 00:22:24,499 And his enemies would say someone to watch because he's dangerous. 220 00:22:26,428 --> 00:22:29,966 The gallipoli peninsula is heavily guarded by the central powers. 221 00:22:31,183 --> 00:22:34,471 Churchill s plan is to blast through the narrow strait... 222 00:22:35,771 --> 00:22:38,353 Pushing through fo Russia... 223 00:22:38,440 --> 00:22:42,854 And allowing the allies fo launch an overwhelming attack from the east... 224 00:22:42,945 --> 00:22:45,527 Opening up a second front against Germany. 225 00:22:46,949 --> 00:22:50,988 If it's successtul, the allies will be able to turn the tide of the war... 226 00:22:52,329 --> 00:22:54,285 And crush the central powers. 227 00:22:59,962 --> 00:23:02,704 More than 100 warships set sail... 228 00:23:02,798 --> 00:23:06,040 For what will be the largest amphibious invasion... 229 00:23:06,135 --> 00:23:08,126 The world has ever seen. 230 00:23:24,111 --> 00:23:27,071 People often ask me, “what's the most difficult decision you've ever made?” 231 00:23:27,114 --> 00:23:30,106 And it's always the decision of sending men into battle... 232 00:23:30,200 --> 00:23:34,409 And the worst part of it all is the night that the battle begins... 233 00:23:34,496 --> 00:23:36,862 Because you know you just launched something... 234 00:23:36,957 --> 00:23:40,916 And you know that within a few hours... 235 00:23:41,003 --> 00:23:43,585 You will start getting calls from the battlefield... 236 00:23:43,672 --> 00:23:45,583 From your commanders out in the field... 237 00:23:45,674 --> 00:23:48,006 That will tell you how many young men have died. 238 00:23:49,178 --> 00:23:51,339 [ Phone ringing I 239 00:23:54,099 --> 00:23:55,099 yes? 240 00:23:58,687 --> 00:24:00,018 They're halfway up the straits. 241 00:24:00,105 --> 00:24:02,767 - They should have broken through by now. - They'll make it. 242 00:24:02,858 --> 00:24:05,725 Four ships sunk. Another burning. 243 00:24:06,820 --> 00:24:08,185 Losses were to be expected. 244 00:24:09,073 --> 00:24:10,984 The fleet is requesting permission to turn back. 245 00:24:11,700 --> 00:24:14,863 They are to press on at all costs. 246 00:24:16,330 --> 00:24:17,695 This is war. 247 00:24:21,126 --> 00:24:24,289 Gallipoli, I don't think, could ever have worked. 248 00:24:24,380 --> 00:24:26,462 The troops who stormed ashore... 249 00:24:26,548 --> 00:24:29,915 Were met by a hail of machine gun fire and artillery... 250 00:24:30,010 --> 00:24:32,126 And the casualties were appalling. 251 00:24:37,434 --> 00:24:40,801 The invasion is a devastating failure. 252 00:24:42,690 --> 00:24:45,898 56,000 allied troops are killed... 253 00:24:47,444 --> 00:24:50,982 And nearly 200,000 are reported injured or missing. 254 00:24:53,325 --> 00:24:55,236 Almost no ground is gained... 255 00:24:58,288 --> 00:25:02,702 And the supply route fo Russia remains closed off 256 00:25:04,753 --> 00:25:07,369 I think Churchill's credibility after gallipoli... 257 00:25:07,464 --> 00:25:10,706 Was certainly called into question. 258 00:25:13,429 --> 00:25:15,590 Warfare is not a science. 259 00:25:16,598 --> 00:25:18,535 The one thing you do know when you commit to warfare... 260 00:25:18,559 --> 00:25:20,095 Is it's going to be horrible. 261 00:25:22,438 --> 00:25:25,976 The public is outraged by the carnage. 262 00:25:28,235 --> 00:25:30,772 Someone will have fo fake the blame. 263 00:25:36,785 --> 00:25:38,446 [ Bell tolling I 264 00:25:39,830 --> 00:25:41,411 it's over. 265 00:25:43,417 --> 00:25:46,033 - The plan was sound. - Excuse me? 266 00:25:46,128 --> 00:25:49,211 The plan was sound. All we needed to do was keep pushing forward. 267 00:25:49,298 --> 00:25:52,916 I'm afraid your services as first lord of the admiralty... 268 00:25:53,802 --> 00:25:55,713 Are no longer required. 269 00:25:57,723 --> 00:26:01,181 I'll expect your letter of resignation in the morning. 270 00:26:13,989 --> 00:26:15,695 When Churchill was let go... 271 00:26:15,783 --> 00:26:18,866 He thought his career was over, finished. 272 00:26:20,496 --> 00:26:23,533 And that wasn't melodrama on his part, and he could be melodramatic. 273 00:26:23,624 --> 00:26:25,580 It appeared that it would be finished. 274 00:26:26,376 --> 00:26:30,619 It's hard to imagine Churchill being humbled by something like gallipoli. 275 00:26:30,714 --> 00:26:34,377 But he was chastened. He thought, “never again. 276 00:26:35,594 --> 00:26:39,587 The next time, if there's a next time" and it didn't look like there would be- 277 00:26:39,681 --> 00:26:41,467 “I'll do it right.” 278 00:26:49,983 --> 00:26:52,190 [ Narrator I defeated and humiliated... 279 00:26:53,195 --> 00:26:55,857 Churchill's career is all but ruined. 280 00:27:01,161 --> 00:27:04,403 He's offered a desk job, which he tums down. 281 00:27:08,961 --> 00:27:11,668 He knows if he's ever going to redeem himself... 282 00:27:11,755 --> 00:27:13,996 He needs a new path. 283 00:27:19,513 --> 00:27:22,050 So Churchill does the unthinkable. 284 00:27:22,141 --> 00:27:24,723 He enlists in the British army... 285 00:27:27,312 --> 00:27:29,519 And heads straight for the front lines. 286 00:27:35,028 --> 00:27:37,394 While Winston Churchill looks for redemption... 287 00:27:37,489 --> 00:27:40,401 Germany looks fo capitalize on its victory at gallipoli... 288 00:27:40,492 --> 00:27:44,906 Devising a plan fo eliminate the Russian threat once and for all. 289 00:27:50,711 --> 00:27:54,875 The Germans load a secret weapon onto a heavily guarded train... 290 00:27:56,008 --> 00:27:57,498 Headed for Russia. 291 00:28:02,931 --> 00:28:06,014 It's a weapon that promises fo destroy their enemies... 292 00:28:06,101 --> 00:28:07,682 From the inside out 293 00:28:17,696 --> 00:28:21,280 That weapon is viadimir Lenin. 294 00:28:27,623 --> 00:28:31,366 Lenin is the leader of Russia's communist revolutionaries... 295 00:28:32,544 --> 00:28:34,876 Hell-bent on toppling the Russian czar. 296 00:28:37,216 --> 00:28:40,379 For the past 10 years, he's been in exile in Switzerland... 297 00:28:42,054 --> 00:28:44,511 Until Germany sends him home on a train... 298 00:28:45,599 --> 00:28:49,057 Along with over $10 million to fund his revolution. 299 00:28:50,354 --> 00:28:53,721 The Germans decided that they would take this enormous gamble... 300 00:28:53,815 --> 00:28:58,058 And bring Lenin back to Russia to bring about a revolution... 301 00:28:58,153 --> 00:28:59,563 To get Russia out of the war. 302 00:28:59,655 --> 00:29:01,987 That's about as radical a step as you can take. 303 00:29:07,162 --> 00:29:09,278 When Lenin gets to Moscow... 304 00:29:09,373 --> 00:29:11,614 He's greeted by an old friend. 305 00:29:12,793 --> 00:29:15,660 Six times he's been exiled lo Siberia... 306 00:29:15,754 --> 00:29:18,746 And six times he's escaped. 307 00:29:18,840 --> 00:29:21,547 His name is Joseph Stalin. 308 00:29:24,429 --> 00:29:25,760 Comrade. 309 00:29:26,682 --> 00:29:28,218 Comrade. 310 00:29:28,684 --> 00:29:30,549 Let me show you to your place. 311 00:29:31,270 --> 00:29:35,138 Reunited, the two play right into Germany's plan... 312 00:29:35,232 --> 00:29:38,349 As they begin to plot an armed rebellion. 313 00:29:39,152 --> 00:29:40,608 Over the next few months... 314 00:29:40,696 --> 00:29:44,939 Lenin and Stalin recruit a massive workers' militia. 315 00:29:45,701 --> 00:29:48,989 Using the $10 million from the German government... 316 00:29:50,205 --> 00:29:52,867 They quietly amass a stockpile of weapons... 317 00:29:55,669 --> 00:29:58,035 Until they are ready fo make thelr move. 318 00:29:59,047 --> 00:30:02,881 I've arranged to take the train stations and the telephone communications. 319 00:30:03,927 --> 00:30:05,212 And the palace guard? 320 00:30:05,887 --> 00:30:09,379 Many of our sources say they are sympathetic to our cause. 321 00:30:10,559 --> 00:30:12,800 Our timing has to be perfect. 322 00:30:20,235 --> 00:30:23,227 [ Narrator I on November 7, 1917... 323 00:30:23,905 --> 00:30:26,567 The communists storm the winter palace. 324 00:30:30,245 --> 00:30:33,362 The Soviet union will soon rise to power. 325 00:30:40,422 --> 00:30:43,004 This is just the beginning, comrades. 326 00:30:47,471 --> 00:30:49,132 Just days later... 327 00:30:50,098 --> 00:30:52,305 Lenin signs a decree... 328 00:30:52,392 --> 00:30:54,758 That takes Russia out of the war. 329 00:30:56,980 --> 00:30:58,845 The German plan works... 330 00:31:00,317 --> 00:31:04,230 Bringing them one step closer fo victory. 331 00:31:09,618 --> 00:31:13,327 [ Narrator I Europe is at war, and in a bold move... 332 00:31:13,413 --> 00:31:17,156 The central powers have ended the fighting on the eastern front... 333 00:31:17,250 --> 00:31:21,163 Sending exiled revolutionary viadimir Lenin back fo Russia... 334 00:31:23,090 --> 00:31:25,172 Where he seized control of the country... 335 00:31:25,801 --> 00:31:28,383 And fook the Russian army out of the fight. 336 00:31:32,140 --> 00:31:35,724 Germany can tum its attention fo the other allies... 337 00:31:35,811 --> 00:31:38,473 And one of the countries now forced to fend off... 338 00:31:38,563 --> 00:31:42,226 The new wave of German soldiers is Italy. 339 00:31:44,444 --> 00:31:47,607 Italy joined the fight in 19175... 340 00:31:47,697 --> 00:31:52,066 And now must face the full might of the German army for the first time. 341 00:31:52,160 --> 00:31:57,325 Tens of thousands of troops are rushed fo defend the Italian border in the alps. 342 00:32:03,505 --> 00:32:05,041 Among them... 343 00:32:06,466 --> 00:32:09,674 Is a sharpshooter named Benito Mussolini. 344 00:32:13,390 --> 00:32:15,881 Before the war, Mussolini is an antiwar activist. 345 00:32:15,976 --> 00:32:18,467 He's a journalist. He's pretty much a pacifist. 346 00:32:37,831 --> 00:32:40,197 [ Narrator I the fime spent defending Italy's border... 347 00:32:40,292 --> 00:32:44,831 Makes Mussolini hungry fo return Italy to greatness. 348 00:32:45,589 --> 00:32:47,329 [ Gunshot I 349 00:32:48,884 --> 00:32:52,468 Mussolini becomes a very different person than he was before the war. 350 00:32:52,554 --> 00:32:56,638 His whole attitude toward his nation and his role in it changes. 351 00:32:57,267 --> 00:33:00,805 He develops this hyper sense of nationalism, this pride in his country. 352 00:33:03,231 --> 00:33:05,222 [ Narrator I the horrors of war... 353 00:33:05,317 --> 00:33:08,809 Have transformed Mussolini into a ruthless killing machine... 354 00:33:10,280 --> 00:33:13,317 A trait he'll lake back with him fo Rome. 355 00:33:15,744 --> 00:33:17,109 [ Gunshot I 356 00:33:17,204 --> 00:33:20,116 600 miles fo the north, in Belgium... 357 00:33:20,207 --> 00:33:22,118 The British army digs in. 358 00:33:31,927 --> 00:33:33,667 Since the beginning of the war... 359 00:33:33,762 --> 00:33:36,845 Nearly 400,000 British soldiers have been killed... 360 00:33:37,933 --> 00:33:40,265 Just to be replaced by new arrivals. 361 00:33:45,065 --> 00:33:46,976 Among the new recruits... 362 00:33:47,067 --> 00:33:51,151 Is a man battling back from the biggest failure of his life- 363 00:33:53,823 --> 00:33:55,233 Winston Churchill. 364 00:33:56,243 --> 00:33:58,529 Churchill took responsibility... 365 00:33:58,620 --> 00:34:01,862 For everything he ever did in his life. 366 00:34:01,957 --> 00:34:03,948 He never passed the buck. 367 00:34:04,042 --> 00:34:09,082 He was humbled, humiliated by gallipoli, and he had to do something... 368 00:34:09,172 --> 00:34:14,132 And he put himself in harm's way and volunteered to go to the trenches. 369 00:34:14,219 --> 00:34:15,800 It was a very dangerous thing to do. 370 00:34:18,431 --> 00:34:20,296 Move! Go! 371 00:34:24,479 --> 00:34:28,688 Sir, 2nd platoon lost this main trench. 372 00:34:28,775 --> 00:34:31,107 Get me the mortar team from the west reserve now! 373 00:34:50,672 --> 00:34:53,334 You get the hell scared out of you, first of all. 374 00:34:53,425 --> 00:34:56,917 The first time I got shot at was... 375 00:34:57,012 --> 00:34:59,378 “Hey, this isn't a game. This is for real. 376 00:34:59,472 --> 00:35:02,305 This guy really missed me and he killed somebody else... 377 00:35:02,392 --> 00:35:04,883 But tomorrow he'll try to kill me.” 378 00:35:05,895 --> 00:35:08,432 As we say in the military, that opens your nostrils. 379 00:35:15,739 --> 00:35:17,775 With British casualties escalating... 380 00:35:17,866 --> 00:35:20,152 Churchill is quickly promoted... 381 00:35:21,911 --> 00:35:26,029 And discovers he has what it lakes fo lead men into battle. 382 00:35:30,962 --> 00:35:32,953 For a man of Churchill's ambition... 383 00:35:33,048 --> 00:35:36,336 It's the first step towards redemption. 384 00:35:38,678 --> 00:35:41,294 In his heart, what Churchill always wanted to be... 385 00:35:41,389 --> 00:35:43,300 Was the great warrior, the great hero. 386 00:35:46,061 --> 00:35:49,394 Here he was, commanding a mere 800 men... 387 00:35:50,565 --> 00:35:54,854 Whereas he dreamed of directing the battle destinies of millions. 388 00:36:13,672 --> 00:36:16,084 The fight seems unending. 389 00:36:16,174 --> 00:36:17,960 Mail. 390 00:36:19,135 --> 00:36:21,592 Until Germany unleashes a secret weapon. 391 00:36:22,764 --> 00:36:25,255 Incoming! 392 00:36:29,270 --> 00:36:32,057 Gas! Move! Move! 393 00:36:33,066 --> 00:36:36,149 Run away! Go! 394 00:36:38,780 --> 00:36:40,771 - Let's go! Let's go! - Get 'em on! 395 00:36:40,865 --> 00:36:43,732 [ Coughing continues I 396 00:37:09,936 --> 00:37:13,053 The fight between the central and allied powers... 397 00:37:13,148 --> 00:37:16,265 Has become the bloodiest war in human history. 398 00:37:16,359 --> 00:37:20,147 By 1917, nearly seven million British... 399 00:37:20,238 --> 00:37:23,150 French and German soldiers have been killed. 400 00:37:23,241 --> 00:37:24,321 Gas! 401 00:37:24,409 --> 00:37:25,409 Go! 402 00:37:27,495 --> 00:37:29,702 [ Gasping, choking I 403 00:37:32,542 --> 00:37:33,907 it was a war of attrition. 404 00:37:34,002 --> 00:37:36,243 You had to kill as many of the enemy as you could... 405 00:37:36,337 --> 00:37:38,669 So you could possibly advance. 406 00:37:38,757 --> 00:37:42,249 Chemical warfare just enabled that in a very horrific way. 407 00:37:43,470 --> 00:37:45,677 [ Narrator I england and France are growing desperate... 408 00:37:45,764 --> 00:37:47,846 For a way to alter the course of the war... 409 00:37:48,850 --> 00:37:50,932 So they look to the one country... 410 00:37:51,019 --> 00:37:54,136 That could finally tip the scales in their favor. 411 00:38:03,072 --> 00:38:06,314 Until now, president woodrow Wilson... 412 00:38:06,409 --> 00:38:08,695 Has kept America out of the war. 413 00:38:10,205 --> 00:38:13,322 Wilson recognized that the American people... 414 00:38:13,416 --> 00:38:15,532 Did not want to get involved in a war... 415 00:38:15,627 --> 00:38:17,618 Particularly if it's a war far away... 416 00:38:17,712 --> 00:38:20,624 Involving people and for causes that we had nothing to do with. 417 00:38:22,091 --> 00:38:26,630 Frankly, the American people did not see themselves at immediate risk. 418 00:38:27,806 --> 00:38:29,533 But with hostilities escalating... 419 00:38:29,557 --> 00:38:30,592 Mr. president- 420 00:38:30,683 --> 00:38:33,800 a peaceful solution seems less and less likely- 421 00:38:33,895 --> 00:38:35,101 my pleasure, sir. 422 00:38:35,188 --> 00:38:39,932 And Wilson's advisers urge him fo begin preparing military forces. 423 00:38:42,445 --> 00:38:47,360 Among them is the 35-year-old assistant secretary of the Navy... 424 00:38:48,243 --> 00:38:49,824 Franklin delano Roosevelt 425 00:38:49,911 --> 00:38:53,153 Mr. president, I recommend an immediate allocation of more funds... 426 00:38:53,248 --> 00:38:57,116 To our naval resources if we want to maintain military preparedness. 427 00:38:58,086 --> 00:39:02,671 Wilson found himself being drawn closer and closer to war. 428 00:39:02,757 --> 00:39:04,213 In the spring of 1915... 429 00:39:04,300 --> 00:39:06,336 The British liner the lusitania was sunk... 430 00:39:06,427 --> 00:39:08,509 And on board were over a hundred Americans. 431 00:39:08,596 --> 00:39:12,760 Now this was a big deal. Until this time, it had been a European war. 432 00:39:12,851 --> 00:39:16,093 But now, in this European war, Americans were getting killed. 433 00:39:17,105 --> 00:39:20,643 [ Narrator I American resentment grows against Germany... 434 00:39:20,733 --> 00:39:23,770 And on February 26, 1917... 435 00:39:24,612 --> 00:39:26,694 It finally reaches a boiling point. 436 00:39:27,949 --> 00:39:31,032 Mr. president, I think you should look at this right away. 437 00:39:41,713 --> 00:39:45,126 Great Britain intercepts a secret telegram from Germany... 438 00:39:46,134 --> 00:39:48,250 Intended for the Mexican government... 439 00:39:49,095 --> 00:39:51,802 Containing a shocking proposal. 440 00:39:53,474 --> 00:39:58,685 The Germans are offering to fund a Mexican invasion of the United States... 441 00:39:58,771 --> 00:40:02,434 That would allow the country fo reclaim the border states... 442 00:40:02,525 --> 00:40:06,734 Of Arizona, new Mexico and Texas. 443 00:40:08,615 --> 00:40:13,154 The German ploy was preoccupy America with the war with Mexico... 444 00:40:13,244 --> 00:40:15,530 And therefore you keep them out of Europe. 445 00:40:15,622 --> 00:40:19,365 Well, this incensed a lot of Americans and rightfully so. 446 00:40:20,460 --> 00:40:23,668 The U.S. government releases the contents of the secret message... 447 00:40:23,755 --> 00:40:29,250 And almost instantly anti-German protests erupt all across America. 448 00:40:29,344 --> 00:40:32,802 The Zimmerman telegram was one of the stupidest things... 449 00:40:32,889 --> 00:40:34,425 The German government ever did. 450 00:40:34,515 --> 00:40:36,676 Texas didn't care about the war in Europe. 451 00:40:36,768 --> 00:40:41,262 Now, all of a sudden, the Germans are trying to return Texas to Mexico? 452 00:40:41,356 --> 00:40:44,018 Enough with Germany. They need to be taught a lesson. 453 00:40:45,485 --> 00:40:48,443 [ Narrator I president Wilson signs the declaration of war... 454 00:40:48,529 --> 00:40:50,269 In April of 1917. 455 00:40:51,532 --> 00:40:56,526 Germany's plan to keep America out of Europe completely backfires. 456 00:40:58,623 --> 00:41:00,989 The Americans may finally be ready for war... 457 00:41:01,876 --> 00:41:03,958 But their military isn't. 458 00:41:05,171 --> 00:41:09,289 The U.S. has a standing army of only 100,000 men... 459 00:41:10,093 --> 00:41:13,460 While the German army has four and a half million. 460 00:41:15,056 --> 00:41:18,014 The United States hurries fo build its military... 461 00:41:19,560 --> 00:41:23,348 And those few with fighting experience are rushed to France. 462 00:41:36,077 --> 00:41:40,411 [ Narrator I George s. Paftfon has been presented with a huge challenge- 463 00:41:40,498 --> 00:41:42,864 76 company. 464 00:41:42,959 --> 00:41:45,746 Fo command a battalion of American men... 465 00:41:47,672 --> 00:41:50,379 Using the latest form of military innovation... 466 00:41:59,267 --> 00:42:00,757 The tank. 467 00:42:07,483 --> 00:42:10,350 Some American generals were really resisting the tank... 468 00:42:10,445 --> 00:42:12,811 Because they didn't want to get rid of the horse cavalry. 469 00:42:13,906 --> 00:42:17,114 George patton understood the power of the new technology... 470 00:42:17,201 --> 00:42:18,941 Of mobile and armed warfare... 471 00:42:19,787 --> 00:42:22,494 And he invested a lot in that. 472 00:42:26,919 --> 00:42:29,831 [ Narrator I the tank is already being used on the western front... 473 00:42:29,922 --> 00:42:31,787 But with little success. 474 00:42:33,718 --> 00:42:38,052 It runs out of gas foo quickly, gefts stuck in the mud foo easily... 475 00:42:38,139 --> 00:42:43,133 And its sheer size makes it difficult fo incorporate in military maneuvers. 476 00:42:44,937 --> 00:42:48,429 But where others see an insurmountable challenge... 477 00:42:49,817 --> 00:42:52,479 Patton sees a chance fo prove that his tanks... 478 00:42:53,571 --> 00:42:55,562 Can break the stalemate. 479 00:42:57,533 --> 00:43:00,366 I think innovation comes between the ears. 480 00:43:00,453 --> 00:43:02,068 It's not about the gizmo. 481 00:43:02,163 --> 00:43:05,121 It's about how you think about using technology and so forth. 482 00:43:05,875 --> 00:43:09,063 You have to give credit to the people like patton that experienced world war I... 483 00:43:09,087 --> 00:43:14,753 That had been thinking about how to employ new things. 484 00:43:24,977 --> 00:43:27,434 Patton knows the stakes are high... 485 00:43:30,149 --> 00:43:32,060 But with his battalion of tanks... 486 00:43:34,278 --> 00:43:36,564 He's determined to win the war... 487 00:43:38,366 --> 00:43:39,947 Or die trying. 488 00:43:47,208 --> 00:43:50,041 The global war rages in Europe... 489 00:43:52,964 --> 00:43:57,424 As the allies fight fo hold their ground against Germany and the central powers... 490 00:43:59,095 --> 00:44:01,837 In the sprawling system of trenches. 491 00:44:08,729 --> 00:44:11,141 Things are ugly in world war I. 492 00:44:11,232 --> 00:44:15,726 Europe was staggered, exhausted, many cities in rubble. 493 00:44:15,820 --> 00:44:18,732 Starvation, disease were widespread. 494 00:44:19,657 --> 00:44:23,115 You know, the red cross couldn't even keep up with what was going on. 495 00:44:24,078 --> 00:44:28,412 If you were the allies in Europe, you needed the reinforcements. 496 00:44:28,499 --> 00:44:30,114 New energy, new blood. 497 00:44:33,796 --> 00:44:36,162 To aid in the fight... 498 00:44:36,257 --> 00:44:39,044 The allies recruit a new country to their side. 499 00:44:40,261 --> 00:44:43,503 Following their long-awaited entry nto the war... 500 00:44:43,598 --> 00:44:46,260 America is ready fo make its presence fel. 501 00:44:51,731 --> 00:44:55,895 Their first major offensive is an attack on the western front... 502 00:44:57,111 --> 00:45:00,148 Hoping fo force the central powers out of their trenches... 503 00:45:00,239 --> 00:45:02,525 And arive them out of France. 504 00:45:04,035 --> 00:45:07,027 Theyre armed with a secret weapon of their own- 505 00:45:07,121 --> 00:45:09,237 a battalion of lightweight tanks... 506 00:45:10,291 --> 00:45:13,033 Under the command of colonel George s. Patfon. 507 00:45:13,127 --> 00:45:15,459 In a column, we're going to go down the main road. 508 00:45:15,546 --> 00:45:18,538 Don't let anyone know we're coming. We move at dawn. 509 00:45:18,633 --> 00:45:19,633 Yes, sir. 510 00:45:20,635 --> 00:45:22,546 Patton is testing his new strategy. 511 00:45:22,637 --> 00:45:25,720 He's leading this new form of weaponry, the tank. 512 00:45:25,806 --> 00:45:28,388 So it's an important battle for him... 513 00:45:28,476 --> 00:45:32,219 To prove that tanks are valuable on the battlefield... 514 00:45:32,313 --> 00:45:36,147 And also to establish himself as an important military leader. 515 00:45:37,568 --> 00:45:40,310 For patton, everything in his career... 516 00:45:40,404 --> 00:45:42,565 Has led up to this moment. 517 00:45:42,657 --> 00:45:44,773 George patton had grown up to be a soldier. 518 00:45:44,867 --> 00:45:47,734 It was his identity. 519 00:45:47,828 --> 00:45:52,242 And so in the first world war, he is in his element. 520 00:46:08,182 --> 00:46:11,094 The night before the planned invasion... 521 00:46:11,185 --> 00:46:13,096 Patton can't sleep. 522 00:46:13,187 --> 00:46:14,768 [ Ordnance exploding I 523 00:46:14,855 --> 00:46:17,471 tanks are still unproven in warfare... 524 00:46:17,566 --> 00:46:21,434 And patton knows he can't leave anything fo chance. 525 00:46:40,214 --> 00:46:44,002 He slips out of the trenches totally unprotected... 526 00:46:44,093 --> 00:46:46,800 Deep into the heart of no-man's-land. 527 00:46:48,222 --> 00:46:52,966 He's scouting a route fo ensure his machines won't get stuck in the mud. 528 00:46:57,648 --> 00:47:00,002 I think, when you look at someone like George patton... 529 00:47:00,026 --> 00:47:01,891 He used intelligence well. 530 00:47:01,986 --> 00:47:04,022 But I think the best thing he did... 531 00:47:04,113 --> 00:47:06,855 Was he turned intelligence into action very quickly. 532 00:47:08,117 --> 00:47:10,779 George patton's tendency was for action. 533 00:47:11,871 --> 00:47:15,079 Because he was aggressive, for him it worked very, very well. 534 00:47:32,641 --> 00:47:35,508 On September 12, 1918... 535 00:47:35,603 --> 00:47:40,017 Paftfon and his forces sweep onto the battlefield from every angle. 536 00:47:49,533 --> 00:47:52,991 And the Germans hit back with everything they've got. 537 00:48:00,795 --> 00:48:03,787 But all of patton's intelligence is paying off... 538 00:48:06,467 --> 00:48:10,255 And his tank brigade begins fo break down the German line. 539 00:48:27,279 --> 00:48:29,895 Soldier, get on the left flank, now! 540 00:48:29,990 --> 00:48:32,572 - Yes, sir. - General, Charlie company's advancing. 541 00:48:32,660 --> 00:48:34,400 - Take position on the Ridge. - Yes, sir. 542 00:48:34,495 --> 00:48:36,281 Keep moving! Keep moving! 543 00:48:40,584 --> 00:48:43,417 Lieutenant George s. Patton, 1st tank brigade. 544 00:48:44,171 --> 00:48:47,208 Brigadier general Douglas MacArthur, 42nd infantry. 545 00:48:48,467 --> 00:48:50,924 General, sir, they need you at the front. 546 00:48:51,011 --> 00:48:53,172 All right, boys, let's move out! 547 00:48:53,973 --> 00:48:57,386 Patton and MacArthur- here they are in Saint-mihiel... 548 00:48:57,476 --> 00:48:59,842 And they meet on the battlefield for the first time... 549 00:49:00,563 --> 00:49:03,350 In the midst of artillery shells all around them. 550 00:49:03,441 --> 00:49:07,810 You have these two men who are going to play such an important role... 551 00:49:07,903 --> 00:49:11,191 In shaping the future of the 20th century... 552 00:49:11,282 --> 00:49:14,570 And they have no idea what history has in store for them. 553 00:49:18,706 --> 00:49:22,449 MacArthur is from a long line of military men. 554 00:49:22,543 --> 00:49:26,127 His father was awarded the congressional medal of honor... 555 00:49:26,213 --> 00:49:28,795 In the American civil war. 556 00:49:28,883 --> 00:49:32,125 No less is expected of his son. 557 00:49:32,219 --> 00:49:35,256 [ Mcchrystal I Douglas MacArthur would lead attacks... 558 00:49:35,347 --> 00:49:38,680 Walking out into no-man's-land with a swagger. 559 00:49:38,767 --> 00:49:42,760 He was embodied with not only tremendous ability... 560 00:49:42,855 --> 00:49:44,436 But also tremendous self-confidence. 561 00:49:44,523 --> 00:49:46,138 Watch the right flank! 562 00:49:46,233 --> 00:49:49,566 [ Mcchrystal I from an early age, he was different. 563 00:49:49,653 --> 00:49:52,986 - Come on, men. - He was special. 564 00:49:53,073 --> 00:49:55,940 I don't want to say anointed, but he may have thought he was. 565 00:50:01,165 --> 00:50:06,285 [ Narrator I the two west point graduates will be allies and rivals for decades. 566 00:50:06,378 --> 00:50:10,337 I don't think there's any question that a leader who has experienced war... 567 00:50:10,424 --> 00:50:12,506 And what it means to be in battle... 568 00:50:12,593 --> 00:50:16,427 If you're a military commander, that experience is invaluable. 569 00:50:17,932 --> 00:50:22,266 How you try to ensure that in the midst of all of that chaos... 570 00:50:22,353 --> 00:50:24,514 And the killing that's going on... 571 00:50:24,605 --> 00:50:27,597 That you keep your eye on the mission that has to be accomplished. 572 00:50:27,691 --> 00:50:29,101 That's not easy to do. 573 00:50:34,740 --> 00:50:36,230 Come on! Move, move! 574 00:50:36,325 --> 00:50:39,237 The two men lead the allies to victory... 575 00:50:40,371 --> 00:50:43,078 As the German line crumbles. 576 00:50:46,460 --> 00:50:48,872 And for the first time... 577 00:50:48,963 --> 00:50:51,796 The central powers are on the run. 578 00:51:03,352 --> 00:51:06,890 Just 240 miles away... 579 00:51:06,981 --> 00:51:11,224 Years of trench warfare have transformed Adolf Hitler... 580 00:51:11,318 --> 00:51:14,401 From a directionless loner fo a hardened soldier. 581 00:51:20,995 --> 00:51:22,906 Hitler has escaped death twice- 582 00:51:30,337 --> 00:51:32,419 And it's left him a changed man. 583 00:51:57,406 --> 00:52:00,614 Hitler didn't feel at this time during the first world war... 584 00:52:00,701 --> 00:52:02,942 That he was a man of destiny at all. 585 00:52:04,538 --> 00:52:08,076 What he did feel was a sense of belonging and a sense of commitment... 586 00:52:08,167 --> 00:52:12,285 And that, I think, made him braver than he might otherwise have been. 587 00:52:12,379 --> 00:52:16,292 He felt he was fighting in a really important cause... 588 00:52:16,383 --> 00:52:17,839 The cause of Germany. 589 00:52:18,719 --> 00:52:22,382 [ Narrator I Hitler's ideology fakes root on the front lines. 590 00:52:23,724 --> 00:52:27,342 He begins to believe in Germany's superiority over the allies... 591 00:52:28,854 --> 00:52:33,223 And 1s now certain he can withstand anything the allied forces throw his way. 592 00:52:35,653 --> 00:52:37,769 Gas! 593 00:52:39,406 --> 00:52:42,148 [ Indistinct shouting I 594 00:52:48,749 --> 00:52:50,660 [ Exhales into mask I 595 00:52:50,751 --> 00:52:53,458 the gas attacks are endless. 596 00:52:54,505 --> 00:52:57,247 To Hitler, they have become almost routine. 597 00:53:07,643 --> 00:53:10,385 But this time it's different 598 00:53:15,150 --> 00:53:19,268 the allies hit the Germans with a deadly new form of chemical warfare- 599 00:53:20,572 --> 00:53:22,483 mustard gas. 600 00:53:23,242 --> 00:53:26,359 It lingers in the trenches for days... 601 00:53:26,453 --> 00:53:30,617 And attacks both the respiratory system and the skin. 602 00:53:30,708 --> 00:53:33,040 Mustard gas affects the central nervous system. 603 00:53:33,127 --> 00:53:36,369 It creates mustard-colored blisters on the skin. 604 00:53:36,463 --> 00:53:40,331 It blinds people. It strips away the mucous membranes. 605 00:53:40,426 --> 00:53:44,339 It's incredibly painful and debilitating... 606 00:53:44,430 --> 00:53:47,263 And since it had no odor, by the time you realized... 607 00:53:47,349 --> 00:53:50,091 That you had inhaled it and it was on your skin, it was too late. 608 00:53:58,235 --> 00:54:00,476 [ Ordnance exploding I 609 00:54:02,197 --> 00:54:06,031 [ coughing I 610 00:54:39,026 --> 00:54:40,937 [ Coughing continues I 611 00:54:59,379 --> 00:55:01,961 After three years of bloody war... 612 00:55:02,049 --> 00:55:04,131 The stalemate in Europe has been broken. 613 00:55:07,554 --> 00:55:09,715 The United States has joined the fighting... 614 00:55:12,518 --> 00:55:15,385 Giving allied armies the needed boost- 615 00:55:16,647 --> 00:55:19,980 - fire! - Fall back! 616 00:55:20,067 --> 00:55:24,436 And anving the Germans back to their original defensive line in northern France. 617 00:55:26,406 --> 00:55:28,647 But the German army remains powerful... 618 00:55:28,742 --> 00:55:31,859 Meaning the allies have fo act fast 619 00:55:38,836 --> 00:55:41,168 [ Ordnance exploding I 620 00:55:47,761 --> 00:55:50,093 Brigadier general Douglas MacArthur... 621 00:55:50,180 --> 00:55:52,671 Is seeking every tactical advantage. 622 00:55:56,770 --> 00:55:59,136 [ Mcchrystal I military leaders are human beings... 623 00:55:59,231 --> 00:56:01,938 That are remarkably different in personality and background. 624 00:56:03,193 --> 00:56:08,358 Every so often, someone crosses the constellation of military leaders... 625 00:56:08,448 --> 00:56:12,657 A little bit like a shooting star, and Douglas MacArthur did that. 626 00:56:14,955 --> 00:56:17,992 [ Narrator I MacArthur learns of a surveillance photograph... 627 00:56:18,083 --> 00:56:20,199 Of German trenches along the western front... 628 00:56:22,045 --> 00:56:25,913 That reveals an undetected gap in the German line. 629 00:56:29,845 --> 00:56:32,587 Where others see an unbreakable defense... 630 00:56:32,681 --> 00:56:35,718 MacArthur knows he can exploit that weakness. 631 00:56:39,813 --> 00:56:42,225 Intelligence is essential... 632 00:56:42,316 --> 00:56:44,307 And the more you can get, the better. 633 00:56:44,401 --> 00:56:48,360 But at the end of the day, it's your instinct as a senior person. 634 00:56:48,447 --> 00:56:51,905 The reason we're wearing stars or have these elevated positions... 635 00:56:51,992 --> 00:56:56,952 Is we have demonstrated over the years our ability to have an instinct that works. 636 00:56:58,373 --> 00:57:01,740 [ Narrator I MacArthur is determined fo break through the line... 637 00:57:01,835 --> 00:57:04,793 And surround the Germans in their trenches... 638 00:57:07,883 --> 00:57:11,717 Supported by George s. Patfon and his battalion of tanks. 639 00:57:17,517 --> 00:57:20,600 - In the fall of 1918... - Come on! Come on! 640 00:57:21,521 --> 00:57:23,682 The allies launch an all-out attack... 641 00:57:25,192 --> 00:57:27,934 - In what will come fo be known- - Fire! 642 00:57:28,028 --> 00:57:29,939 As the hundred days offensive. 643 00:57:30,864 --> 00:57:34,448 Boosted by MacArthur's men and patfon's tanks- 644 00:57:34,534 --> 00:57:35,774 get a move! Move! Move! 645 00:57:35,869 --> 00:57:39,111 The allied armies become the most dominant fighting force... 646 00:57:39,206 --> 00:57:40,867 The war has ever seen. 647 00:57:40,958 --> 00:57:42,744 Press forward! 648 00:57:45,212 --> 00:57:47,703 Both of them had big egos... 649 00:57:47,798 --> 00:57:50,360 But there's no doubt that both of them were brilliant on the battlefield. 650 00:57:50,384 --> 00:57:52,215 Go on! Keep advancing! 651 00:57:52,302 --> 00:57:57,547 MacArthur was an extraordinarily talented and effective military leader. 652 00:57:57,641 --> 00:57:58,881 Fire! 653 00:57:58,976 --> 00:58:00,967 Patton, for what he was asked to do... 654 00:58:01,061 --> 00:58:04,428 Which was trying to break out of the trenches... 655 00:58:04,523 --> 00:58:06,388 There was probably nobody better. 656 00:58:07,985 --> 00:58:12,399 Move! Move! Come on! Come on! Move! Come on! 657 00:58:14,241 --> 00:58:16,152 Incoming! 658 00:58:20,747 --> 00:58:21,827 Move! Move! Move! 659 00:58:34,845 --> 00:58:39,589 [ Narrator I the allies relentlessly affack the German line from every direction. 660 00:58:55,032 --> 00:58:57,364 Move! Move! Move! Move! 661 00:58:57,451 --> 00:59:00,989 Come on! Come on! Let's go! Let's go! Let's go! 662 00:59:03,707 --> 00:59:07,746 After months of fighting, the allies finally break through- 663 00:59:09,671 --> 00:59:10,877 [ indistinct shouting I 664 00:59:10,964 --> 00:59:13,626 putting the mighty German army on the run. 665 00:59:14,593 --> 00:59:16,174 Watch it! Watch it! 666 00:59:19,806 --> 00:59:22,263 Finally, with no other options... 667 00:59:22,350 --> 00:59:24,966 Fens of thousands of German soldiers- 668 00:59:25,062 --> 00:59:28,475 lay down their guns- 669 00:59:28,565 --> 00:59:31,398 - hands up! - And surrender. 670 00:59:35,989 --> 00:59:39,732 You look at the great leaders, these are men who understood... 671 00:59:39,826 --> 00:59:43,489 The most important resource they had available to them to fight a war. 672 00:59:43,580 --> 00:59:46,162 Not the weapons, not the planes, not the tanks. 673 00:59:46,249 --> 00:59:49,582 - It's the soldiers who get it done. - Go! Move! Move! 674 00:59:49,669 --> 00:59:53,332 And leadership is all about inspiring your soldiers to achieve a decisive win. 675 01:00:01,181 --> 01:00:03,843 After four years of continuous fighting... 676 01:00:04,976 --> 01:00:08,013 And 37 million casualties... 677 01:00:08,105 --> 01:00:11,017 The two sides agree to a cease-fire. 678 01:00:15,028 --> 01:00:19,112 When the world is shaking and rearranging itself... 679 01:00:19,199 --> 01:00:21,941 As it does after great events like the end of a war... 680 01:00:23,120 --> 01:00:24,920 There are a whole range of different emotions. 681 01:00:24,955 --> 01:00:27,788 The first is exhilaration, a very personal feeling. 682 01:00:27,874 --> 01:00:31,833 Exhilaration at being part of an event that is changing the world. 683 01:00:31,920 --> 01:00:34,252 And there's never much time to look back. 684 01:00:34,339 --> 01:00:36,876 There's always a lot to look forward to. 685 01:00:42,514 --> 01:00:46,427 [ Narrator I while most of the world celebrates the end of the fighting... 686 01:00:47,894 --> 01:00:53,605 Some deep in the heart of Germany refuse to accept defeat. 687 01:00:57,904 --> 01:01:00,896 [ Evans I Hitler is wounded in a gas attack... 688 01:01:00,991 --> 01:01:02,982 At the very end of the war... 689 01:01:03,076 --> 01:01:06,944 And he was then hospitalized, temporarily blinded. 690 01:01:07,914 --> 01:01:13,705 “Our people will be losing the war against the western armies.” 691 01:01:16,131 --> 01:01:18,838 While he was in hospital, he was then told... 692 01:01:18,925 --> 01:01:21,416 That Germany had lost the first world war... 693 01:01:22,262 --> 01:01:26,175 And that's a crucial turning point in Hitler's life. 694 01:01:27,392 --> 01:01:29,007 In Hitler's worldview... 695 01:01:29,102 --> 01:01:32,594 It was always, um, dead or alive. 696 01:01:34,274 --> 01:01:36,185 Win or total defeat. 697 01:01:36,276 --> 01:01:40,189 For him, surrender was something un-German. 698 01:01:40,280 --> 01:01:43,022 You are a coward somehow if you surrender. 699 01:01:58,840 --> 01:02:01,297 Hitler took the surrender personally... 700 01:02:04,095 --> 01:02:07,553 A personal destructive blow to himself. 701 01:02:09,643 --> 01:02:12,259 He also took it as a mission. 702 01:02:13,647 --> 01:02:15,478 A mission in life... 703 01:02:15,565 --> 01:02:19,558 To avenge and rectify this surrender. 704 01:02:32,165 --> 01:02:34,622 After four long and bloody years... 705 01:02:36,503 --> 01:02:38,960 And 37 million casualties... 706 01:02:40,548 --> 01:02:42,914 The United States and the allies... 707 01:02:43,927 --> 01:02:46,168 Have finally claimed victory... 708 01:02:47,430 --> 01:02:49,796 Forcing Germany fo surrender. 709 01:03:00,443 --> 01:03:02,559 But while the fighting has stopped... 710 01:03:02,654 --> 01:03:06,897 The pressure is now on the allied leaders fo come to an agreement... 711 01:03:07,701 --> 01:03:10,363 Preventing war from ever breaking out again. 712 01:03:13,373 --> 01:03:17,707 As negotiations fo secure the peace get under way in France... 713 01:03:19,587 --> 01:03:22,294 Massive crowds greet the world leaders- 714 01:03:22,382 --> 01:03:24,873 [ cheering I 715 01:03:26,720 --> 01:03:31,134 including United States president woodrow Wilson. 716 01:03:31,224 --> 01:03:34,387 Woodrow Wilson was the first President of the United States... 717 01:03:34,477 --> 01:03:37,969 To spend anywhere near six months outside this country. 718 01:03:38,064 --> 01:03:42,478 He felt that for him to send anyone else to negotiate the peace... 719 01:03:42,569 --> 01:03:44,480 It would not have been as well done. 720 01:03:44,571 --> 01:03:48,405 Wilson said, "whatever happens with the settlement of this war... 721 01:03:48,491 --> 01:03:50,698 If it goes well, give me credit. 722 01:03:50,785 --> 01:03:52,741 If it doesn't, blame me.” 723 01:03:54,331 --> 01:03:56,572 [ Carriage approaching I 724 01:03:59,586 --> 01:04:02,248 the leaders gather at the palace of versailles. 725 01:04:02,339 --> 01:04:05,331 But one country not invited to the table... 726 01:04:05,425 --> 01:04:07,006 Is Germany. 727 01:04:07,093 --> 01:04:10,085 Gentlemen, please, please sit down. 728 01:04:11,097 --> 01:04:14,089 If we can start by considering the points... 729 01:04:14,184 --> 01:04:18,097 Before we discuss any of the individual ideas or- 730 01:04:18,188 --> 01:04:21,180 the main thing that woodrow Wilson wanted to accomplish at versailles... 731 01:04:21,274 --> 01:04:24,016 Was defanging Germany... 732 01:04:24,110 --> 01:04:27,819 Not allowing them to develop a huge war machine again. 733 01:04:27,906 --> 01:04:31,945 This was what the Victors all wanted to see happen. 734 01:04:32,035 --> 01:04:34,902 But as negotiations get under way... 735 01:04:34,996 --> 01:04:36,657 Wilson quickly realizes... 736 01:04:36,748 --> 01:04:41,208 That each country has come lo the table with their own agenda. 737 01:04:41,294 --> 01:04:45,913 There were these national leaders who had different views... 738 01:04:46,007 --> 01:04:50,171 Of what they wanted out of the Paris peace conference. 739 01:04:50,261 --> 01:04:55,927 They had led their countries through this brutal, bloody, long war... 740 01:04:56,017 --> 01:04:59,726 And Wilson waltzes in with the Americans just at the end. 741 01:04:59,813 --> 01:05:03,397 So they had to listen to him... 742 01:05:03,483 --> 01:05:06,816 And Wilson could be kind of persuasive... 743 01:05:06,903 --> 01:05:08,268 But not that persuasive. 744 01:05:09,406 --> 01:05:11,863 As negotiations drag on for months... 745 01:05:11,950 --> 01:05:13,656 The talks fall apart... 746 01:05:15,453 --> 01:05:17,785 And one allied nation... 747 01:05:18,540 --> 01:05:21,122 Feels completely cut out of the negotiations. 748 01:05:22,669 --> 01:05:25,627 Japan entered the war in 1974... 749 01:05:26,589 --> 01:05:30,798 Contributing thousands of troops and millions of dollars to the war effort 750 01:05:33,805 --> 01:05:36,342 they come lo versailles with one goal- 751 01:05:36,433 --> 01:05:38,424 lo be treated equally. 752 01:05:38,518 --> 01:05:42,636 But allied leaders completely ignore Japan throughout the proceedings. 753 01:05:44,190 --> 01:05:47,353 And for Japan, it's the ultimate insult. 754 01:05:47,444 --> 01:05:49,856 The Japanese, who'd been on the winning side... 755 01:05:49,946 --> 01:05:52,562 Get this slap at the peace conference. 756 01:05:52,657 --> 01:05:55,490 So the Japanese became... 757 01:05:56,453 --> 01:05:59,286 Alienated from the United States... 758 01:05:59,372 --> 01:06:01,488 And from the western powers... 759 01:06:01,583 --> 01:06:04,746 And it was a fairly straight line from there... 760 01:06:04,836 --> 01:06:08,795 To the belief that, “if we're going to get any respect... 761 01:06:08,882 --> 01:06:11,589 It's gonna be by fighting our way to respect.” 762 01:06:19,392 --> 01:06:23,305 The attention shifts from Wilson's plan for a lasting peace... 763 01:06:24,230 --> 01:06:26,767 Fo a plan focused on punishing Germany... 764 01:06:28,193 --> 01:06:31,105 Forcing them fo pay for the devastation they've caused. 765 01:06:31,988 --> 01:06:34,821 The reparations that were demanded of Germany... 766 01:06:34,908 --> 01:06:36,899 Were astronomical. 767 01:06:36,993 --> 01:06:41,327 It was a matter of, “we're gonna squeeze as much out of Germany as we can.” 768 01:06:41,414 --> 01:06:44,451 Well, there were some on the American side who said... 769 01:06:44,542 --> 01:06:48,000 “We are making the next war inevitable.” 770 01:06:48,087 --> 01:06:49,827 Wilson worked against that. 771 01:06:49,923 --> 01:06:53,757 Wilson wanted a somewhat more reasonable peace... 772 01:06:53,843 --> 01:06:58,758 And he wanted the Germans to feel that they had a stake... 773 01:06:58,848 --> 01:07:02,340 In the continuation of the versailles system. 774 01:07:02,435 --> 01:07:05,427 The problem with the treaty as it was finalized was... 775 01:07:05,522 --> 01:07:07,433 Germany had no stake in that system... 776 01:07:07,524 --> 01:07:10,607 And had every interest in overturning the system. 777 01:07:11,736 --> 01:07:14,352 [ Narrator I despite Wilson's best efforts, he is unable... 778 01:07:14,447 --> 01:07:17,610 Fo convince the other allies fo buy info his plan for peace. 779 01:07:20,537 --> 01:07:23,529 After six months of infense negotiations... 780 01:07:23,623 --> 01:07:26,239 The allies finally have a treaty. 781 01:07:28,628 --> 01:07:32,587 But the final agreement is far from the fair and equitable plan... 782 01:07:32,674 --> 01:07:34,665 Wilson had originally hoped for. 783 01:07:35,760 --> 01:07:39,127 The losers, Germany principally, they were there. 784 01:07:39,222 --> 01:07:42,555 They didn't get to speak. They weren't asked to contribute. 785 01:07:42,642 --> 01:07:46,180 They were basically- they had a gun put at their heads- 786 01:07:46,271 --> 01:07:48,728 well, figuratively, almost literally- 787 01:07:48,815 --> 01:07:50,735 and said, “you're gonna sign on the dotted line.” 788 01:07:50,817 --> 01:07:53,354 It was very much a Victors' peace. 789 01:07:53,444 --> 01:07:55,981 The Victors dictated the terms of the peace. 790 01:07:56,072 --> 01:07:58,233 They made out like bandits. 791 01:08:06,165 --> 01:08:07,905 Europe is finally at peace. 792 01:08:09,460 --> 01:08:12,042 But while most of the world celebrates... 793 01:08:12,839 --> 01:08:16,548 Germany is ordered to pay the allies over $80 billion... 794 01:08:16,634 --> 01:08:20,877 The modern equivalent of nearly half a trillion dollars... 795 01:08:20,972 --> 01:08:24,009 A aebt they won't pay off until 2010. 796 01:08:25,184 --> 01:08:28,642 As a result, the government quickly goes bankrupt... 797 01:08:28,730 --> 01:08:31,062 Leaving millions of Germans impoverished. 798 01:08:36,029 --> 01:08:41,194 The economic devastation completely transforms the country and its people. 799 01:08:43,536 --> 01:08:47,120 Germany immediately is struggling with a question of survival. 800 01:08:47,206 --> 01:08:50,994 For ordinary Germans, the war did not end in November 1918. 801 01:08:51,085 --> 01:08:53,292 For ordinary Germans, the battle for survival... 802 01:08:53,379 --> 01:08:57,213 The daily struggle for food, the effort to find shoes and clothing... 803 01:08:57,300 --> 01:08:59,882 Stretched on into the 1920s. 804 01:09:01,679 --> 01:09:03,965 As the anger and starvation spread... 805 01:09:04,057 --> 01:09:06,469 Tensions rise throughout the country. 806 01:09:06,559 --> 01:09:08,641 [ Shouting I 807 01:09:08,728 --> 01:09:12,312 Germany is in a state of near civil war. 808 01:09:12,398 --> 01:09:15,481 The left and the right are fighting each other in the streets. 809 01:09:15,568 --> 01:09:17,729 Paramilitary groups clash. 810 01:09:17,820 --> 01:09:21,233 Germany is a country divided against itself. 811 01:09:25,078 --> 01:09:27,319 When world war I came to an end... 812 01:09:29,248 --> 01:09:31,409 This is not a treaty. 813 01:09:31,501 --> 01:09:35,085 This is an armistice that'll probably last 20 years. 814 01:09:38,675 --> 01:09:42,259 Meaning we have not really defeated the German spirit. 815 01:09:44,806 --> 01:09:47,843 We have not really solved this problem. 816 01:09:59,487 --> 01:10:01,694 With the fighting stopped... 817 01:10:03,157 --> 01:10:05,899 The trealy for peace is signed at versailles... 818 01:10:07,787 --> 01:10:09,994 [ Cheering I 819 01:10:10,081 --> 01:10:13,198 and for the first time in over four years... 820 01:10:13,292 --> 01:10:14,953 Europe is at peace. 821 01:10:16,796 --> 01:10:19,583 While celebrations erupt around the world... 822 01:10:20,466 --> 01:10:22,752 Germany is in a state of unrest... 823 01:10:23,720 --> 01:10:27,008 And many are convinced that the peace won't hold. 824 01:10:34,981 --> 01:10:37,518 Among them is Winston Churchill. 825 01:10:40,486 --> 01:10:43,569 Having just returned to england from the front lines... 826 01:10:44,449 --> 01:10:47,361 He sets out fo reestablish his political career... 827 01:10:47,452 --> 01:10:50,740 Narrowly winning reelection fo his old seat in parliament. 828 01:10:51,831 --> 01:10:56,074 There were a lot of doubts about Churchill. He seemed erratic in his judgments. 829 01:10:56,169 --> 01:10:59,707 His decision in respect to the gallipoli campaign... 830 01:10:59,797 --> 01:11:02,129 Had disastrous consequences. 831 01:11:02,216 --> 01:11:05,925 But it was in war that he proved his leadership credentials... 832 01:11:06,846 --> 01:11:08,962 And that's what transformed him. 833 01:11:10,600 --> 01:11:12,431 Churchill returns to government... 834 01:11:12,518 --> 01:11:15,931 Convinced the German threat hasn't gone away. 835 01:11:22,487 --> 01:11:25,354 After leading his troops to victory in France... 836 01:11:25,448 --> 01:11:27,359 Brigadier general Douglas MacArthur... 837 01:11:27,450 --> 01:11:30,613 Is given one of the most prestigious positions in the armed forces- 838 01:11:30,703 --> 01:11:32,785 - will you be late again? - No, sir! 839 01:11:32,872 --> 01:11:36,410 Superintendent of the military academy, west point... 840 01:11:36,501 --> 01:11:40,790 Where he immediately gets fo work preparing American soldiers for combat... 841 01:11:40,880 --> 01:11:42,962 In case the peace fails. 842 01:11:47,345 --> 01:11:49,677 240 miles away... 843 01:11:49,764 --> 01:11:52,597 At his tank academy in camp Meade, Maryland... 844 01:11:52,683 --> 01:11:54,423 Colonel George s. Paftfon- 845 01:11:54,519 --> 01:11:55,929 ready! 846 01:11:56,020 --> 01:11:59,387 Is also training the next generation of American soldiers. 847 01:11:59,482 --> 01:12:01,143 Aim! 848 01:12:01,734 --> 01:12:05,898 Ana, like MacArthur, he's betting the cease-fire won't last 849 01:12:05,988 --> 01:12:07,524 - fire! - [ Gunshots I 850 01:12:09,325 --> 01:12:11,031 - fire! - [ Gunshots I 851 01:12:11,118 --> 01:12:12,779 fire! 852 01:12:12,870 --> 01:12:14,826 - Fire! - [ Gunshots I 853 01:12:16,874 --> 01:12:18,830 [ church bell ringing I 854 01:12:18,918 --> 01:12:20,203 [ narrator I in Italy... 855 01:12:20,294 --> 01:12:23,252 One man sees the end of the fighting as an opportunity. 856 01:12:25,466 --> 01:12:29,459 Benifo Mussolini returns fo his job as a newspaper journalist... 857 01:12:29,554 --> 01:12:33,467 But the country he fought to protect ls now in disarray. 858 01:12:34,809 --> 01:12:37,425 The Italians came out of the war on the winning side... 859 01:12:37,520 --> 01:12:40,853 But failed to gain the territory they'd expected to gain... 860 01:12:40,940 --> 01:12:45,855 And there's a sense of outrage about this amongst Italian nationalists... 861 01:12:45,945 --> 01:12:49,028 A sense, almost, that Italy has lost the war... 862 01:12:49,115 --> 01:12:52,027 Despite being on the winning side. 863 01:12:53,369 --> 01:12:57,612 [ Narrator I Mussolini uses his newspaper to convey his view of a new Italy- 864 01:12:57,707 --> 01:12:59,413 that under a strong leader... 865 01:12:59,500 --> 01:13:02,617 The country can regain the glory of the Roman empire. 866 01:13:03,629 --> 01:13:06,211 He believes he can be that leader... 867 01:13:07,925 --> 01:13:10,712 The man who returns Italy fo greatness. 868 01:13:15,850 --> 01:13:18,341 He soon brings his antigovernment views... 869 01:13:20,354 --> 01:13:23,391 Fo a new medium. Radio. 870 01:13:24,483 --> 01:13:29,443 We have actually been at war since we lifted the flag of our revolution... 871 01:13:29,530 --> 01:13:33,773 Which was then defended by a handful of men... 872 01:13:33,868 --> 01:13:38,908 Against the masonic, Democratic, capitalistic world. 873 01:13:40,333 --> 01:13:42,915 [ Evans I Mussolini was a man of strong words. 874 01:13:43,002 --> 01:13:47,041 He liked the idea of overthrowing existing institutions. 875 01:13:47,131 --> 01:13:50,419 He favored the use of violence to do this. 876 01:13:54,013 --> 01:13:56,174 To make his vision a reality... 877 01:13:56,265 --> 01:13:59,849 Mussolini forms a band of disgruntled former soldiers... 878 01:14:00,937 --> 01:14:02,427 Called the blackshiris... 879 01:14:03,856 --> 01:14:06,518 Who terrorize his political opponents... 880 01:14:06,609 --> 01:14:09,976 And begin preparing for an armed revolution. 881 01:14:12,323 --> 01:14:15,360 In a matter of months, Mussolini has launched a movement... 882 01:14:16,661 --> 01:14:19,323 That is about fo change the fate of Italy. 883 01:14:23,709 --> 01:14:26,166 [ Carriage approaching I 884 01:14:31,801 --> 01:14:34,417 Lance corporal Adolf Hitler. 885 01:14:34,512 --> 01:14:37,049 - Sir. - Sit down. 886 01:14:39,058 --> 01:14:41,390 - So you're looking for work? - Yes, sir. 887 01:14:41,477 --> 01:14:44,219 - I'm ready for duty. - I understand. 888 01:14:44,897 --> 01:14:48,310 Unfortunately, I have nothing. 889 01:14:48,401 --> 01:14:49,641 Nothing? 890 01:14:49,735 --> 01:14:52,568 There is no work. The war is over. 891 01:14:54,407 --> 01:14:56,523 There has to be something. 892 01:14:58,577 --> 01:15:01,489 After all I've done. After all I've given. 893 01:15:05,918 --> 01:15:09,661 There is a new political group in town, the German workers' party. 894 01:15:10,923 --> 01:15:14,962 We need to find out more about them and what their intentions are. 895 01:15:16,387 --> 01:15:17,502 Yes, sir. 896 01:15:17,596 --> 01:15:19,507 Try to not stand out. 897 01:15:26,272 --> 01:15:29,059 The versailles treaty caused the economic conditions... 898 01:15:29,150 --> 01:15:31,186 Which gave rise to extremism. 899 01:15:32,611 --> 01:15:35,819 You find in history that when the economy is terrible... 900 01:15:35,906 --> 01:15:40,115 It gives rise to all kinds of different extremist organizations. 901 01:15:48,252 --> 01:15:51,460 [ Narrator I Hitler is assigned fo infiltrate the German workers' party... 902 01:15:53,090 --> 01:15:55,877 One of many anfigovernment organizations... 903 01:15:55,968 --> 01:15:57,833 That have formed in the wake of the treaty. 904 01:15:57,928 --> 01:16:00,840 [ Chattering continues I 905 01:16:04,393 --> 01:16:07,806 for months, he attends secret meetings... 906 01:16:07,897 --> 01:16:11,060 Held at undisclosed locations throughout the country. 907 01:16:12,777 --> 01:16:15,689 They've signed away our army. 908 01:16:17,156 --> 01:16:20,193 The versalilles treaty is not my treaty. 909 01:16:22,328 --> 01:16:26,992 It's as if nothing had happened, as if we are forgotten. 910 01:16:31,128 --> 01:16:33,289 [ Narrator I but Hitler soon realizes... 911 01:16:33,380 --> 01:16:35,587 There are radical nationalists... 912 01:16:35,674 --> 01:16:38,290 Intensely loyal fo the fatherland... 913 01:16:38,385 --> 01:16:43,345 And many of them harbor extremist views of German superiority... 914 01:16:44,350 --> 01:16:47,012 Views that are no different from his own. 915 01:16:48,229 --> 01:16:52,017 There was never really an effort to deal with all of the damage... 916 01:16:52,108 --> 01:16:54,645 That had occurred during world war I. 917 01:16:57,613 --> 01:17:00,104 The failure to do that... 918 01:17:00,199 --> 01:17:03,487 I think, is what ultimately produced the seeds for Hitler... 919 01:17:04,286 --> 01:17:05,901 And nazism. 920 01:17:07,623 --> 01:17:11,491 Germany as a whole is dead. 921 01:17:13,170 --> 01:17:15,786 It has nothing left in its heart. 922 01:17:17,633 --> 01:17:20,420 There are riots on the streets. 923 01:17:20,511 --> 01:17:23,548 There is no Germany left to fight for. 924 01:17:25,224 --> 01:17:28,341 Germany must break apart. 925 01:17:29,353 --> 01:17:33,266 It is only through this that we can survive. 926 01:17:33,357 --> 01:17:35,097 No Germany? 927 01:17:35,192 --> 01:17:37,353 Yes, there's nothing left to fight for. 928 01:17:38,028 --> 01:17:40,610 “There's nothing left to fight for” are the famous last words... 929 01:17:40,698 --> 01:17:43,280 Of every turncoat in the history of warfare. 930 01:17:45,077 --> 01:17:48,114 The weak among us turn to such excuses... 931 01:17:48,205 --> 01:17:50,321 And abandon our pride and hope... 932 01:17:50,416 --> 01:17:54,125 When it is only unity that separates the Victors from the defeated. 933 01:17:55,754 --> 01:17:58,587 Clearly you have stopped fighting... 934 01:17:58,674 --> 01:18:02,587 But we are still fighting Germany's great war, our war... 935 01:18:02,678 --> 01:18:04,418 For what we deserve- 936 01:18:05,598 --> 01:18:07,930 a united Germany... 937 01:18:08,017 --> 01:18:11,100 A strong, proud Germany. 938 01:18:12,062 --> 01:18:14,053 Germany is a sleeping giant... 939 01:18:15,274 --> 01:18:19,688 And once we rid our nation of the spineless frauds among us... 940 01:18:19,778 --> 01:18:22,110 And alongside the criminals of versailles... 941 01:18:22,198 --> 01:18:25,281 We will once again know greatness. 942 01:18:56,815 --> 01:18:58,897 After four years of war... 943 01:19:00,319 --> 01:19:02,810 A tenuous peace holds. 944 01:19:02,905 --> 01:19:05,237 [ Birds squawking I 945 01:19:05,324 --> 01:19:08,191 but anger and resentment are spreading... 946 01:19:11,455 --> 01:19:14,162 And shots are about fo be fired again. 947 01:19:15,251 --> 01:19:18,118 [ Applause I 948 01:19:26,679 --> 01:19:29,887 Adolf Hitler leaves the German army... 949 01:19:31,016 --> 01:19:34,634 Fo fully devote himself fo the antigovernment workers' party. 950 01:19:37,189 --> 01:19:40,022 Our Germany is dead, and you have conspired- 951 01:19:40,109 --> 01:19:44,273 his popularity and fiery rhetoric make him stand out in the group- 952 01:19:47,283 --> 01:19:50,446 and he's promoted fo the head of propaganda. 953 01:19:55,541 --> 01:19:59,830 We'll call ourselves the national socialist party! 954 01:20:02,715 --> 01:20:04,296 Under Hitlers leadership... 955 01:20:04,383 --> 01:20:08,968 Membership in the national socialist party quickly expands... 956 01:20:09,054 --> 01:20:12,467 As Hitler experiences his first taste of real power. 957 01:20:15,144 --> 01:20:17,806 Germany has every right to rise to glory. 958 01:20:18,856 --> 01:20:21,142 There are many reports from fairly early on... 959 01:20:21,233 --> 01:20:23,565 About Hitler's charisma as a speaker. 960 01:20:23,652 --> 01:20:26,985 And he gradually came to realize... 961 01:20:27,072 --> 01:20:29,609 That he was indeed a powerful speaker... 962 01:20:29,700 --> 01:20:32,157 Far more powerful than anyone else around... 963 01:20:32,244 --> 01:20:34,326 And began to use that as an asset. 964 01:20:36,582 --> 01:20:39,494 To cast all Germany under his spell... 965 01:20:39,585 --> 01:20:43,874 Hitler needs an image that will burn into the minds of millions. 966 01:20:44,882 --> 01:20:47,168 Nowadays we'd call it a logo, of course. 967 01:20:47,259 --> 01:20:49,170 It was designed personally by Hitler... 968 01:20:49,261 --> 01:20:53,425 And it may be that he put some of his artistic impulses into this. 969 01:20:54,391 --> 01:20:57,383 The essential part of it, ultimately, went back to India... 970 01:20:57,478 --> 01:21:02,017 But it was taken up as a symbol of racism and anti-semitism... 971 01:21:02,107 --> 01:21:05,270 Combined with the red background for socialism... 972 01:21:05,361 --> 01:21:08,228 And the red, white and black colors for the old kaiserreich. 973 01:21:22,002 --> 01:21:25,119 [ Church bell ringing I 974 01:21:27,841 --> 01:21:31,754 [ narrator I while Hitler is still in the early stages of his revolution... 975 01:21:31,845 --> 01:21:35,758 Benifo Mussolini has already amassed an army of followers... 976 01:21:36,975 --> 01:21:39,967 And is ready to take Italy by force. 977 01:21:45,776 --> 01:21:48,062 [ Shouting I 978 01:21:48,153 --> 01:21:51,566 for seven days in October of 1922... 979 01:21:51,657 --> 01:21:53,989 In a massive show of his popularity... 980 01:21:57,162 --> 01:22:01,280 Mussolini leads a march of 30,000 blackshirts info Rome. 981 01:22:03,669 --> 01:22:06,877 With the people behind him, Mussolini and the blackshirts... 982 01:22:06,964 --> 01:22:10,331 Storm the royal palace, forcing the king of Italy... 983 01:22:10,426 --> 01:22:12,462 Fo hand over control of the government. 984 01:22:15,681 --> 01:22:19,765 Mussolini came to power in Italy in 1922. 985 01:22:19,852 --> 01:22:24,937 His successful march on Rome was eased by the process... 986 01:22:25,023 --> 01:22:28,936 Of expanding ego and adulation... 987 01:22:29,027 --> 01:22:31,484 By the people around Mussolini... 988 01:22:31,572 --> 01:22:35,360 And then eventually most of the public opinion in the country. 989 01:22:37,995 --> 01:22:42,034 This is a dangerous process. 990 01:22:43,542 --> 01:22:46,204 [ Narrator I in just months, Mussolini has been transformed... 991 01:22:46,295 --> 01:22:51,039 From a newspaper journalist fo the most powerful man in Italy. 992 01:22:56,722 --> 01:22:59,054 600 miles fo the north... 993 01:23:00,267 --> 01:23:03,555 Adolf Hitler is watching everything Mussolini has done... 994 01:23:04,813 --> 01:23:08,556 And he wants that same ultimate power for himself. 995 01:23:09,902 --> 01:23:12,644 So he amasses an army of his own. 996 01:23:13,780 --> 01:23:18,274 Hitler does seem early to have been very impressed by Mussolini... 997 01:23:18,368 --> 01:23:19,949 And indeed by the march on Rome. 998 01:23:20,913 --> 01:23:25,282 His rise to power was modeled on what the Italian fascists had done in Italy. 999 01:23:26,627 --> 01:23:29,243 [ Narrator I on November 8, 1923... 1000 01:23:30,214 --> 01:23:33,206 Hitler leads the Nazis into a Munich beer hall... 1001 01:23:34,593 --> 01:23:37,710 Where top government officials are meeting. 1002 01:23:39,264 --> 01:23:41,721 [ Men chattering I 1003 01:23:46,438 --> 01:23:50,932 Germany is dead, and you have conspired to kill her! 1004 01:23:51,610 --> 01:23:54,477 You have crushed her with your incompetence. 1005 01:23:54,571 --> 01:23:56,812 You have bled her with your corruption. 1006 01:24:00,869 --> 01:24:04,453 You have profaned her by consorting with degenerate peoples! 1007 01:24:05,499 --> 01:24:08,957 No more! The revolution has begun! 1008 01:24:13,882 --> 01:24:15,713 Join us now... 1009 01:24:15,801 --> 01:24:19,965 As we give birth to a new Germany! 1010 01:24:21,807 --> 01:24:26,016 You watch him, and you think of how Adolf Hitler... 1011 01:24:26,103 --> 01:24:30,392 Was able to do that, to get other people to follow him. 1012 01:24:31,358 --> 01:24:33,974 I think it was partly because... 1013 01:24:34,069 --> 01:24:36,214 He could persuade people that that was a good thing to do... 1014 01:24:36,238 --> 01:24:39,321 And partly because people were intimidated by him. 1015 01:24:39,408 --> 01:24:42,992 [ Crowd chanting I 1016 01:24:46,999 --> 01:24:49,331 after storming the beer hall... 1017 01:24:49,418 --> 01:24:52,581 Hitler leads the Nazis nfo the streels... 1018 01:24:52,671 --> 01:24:55,208 Lo fake the city by force. 1019 01:24:58,677 --> 01:25:03,171 But unlike in Italy, the German police are prepared. 1020 01:25:03,265 --> 01:25:04,265 Halt! 1021 01:25:06,101 --> 01:25:07,136 Ready! 1022 01:25:12,983 --> 01:25:13,983 Aim! 1023 01:25:17,863 --> 01:25:19,228 Join us! 1024 01:25:24,703 --> 01:25:27,069 The national socialist party... 1025 01:25:27,164 --> 01:25:29,075 Is taking over the government! 1026 01:26:21,593 --> 01:26:23,254 [ Narrator I unlike Mussolini... 1027 01:26:24,429 --> 01:26:27,887 Hitler's attempt fo seize power is a failure... 1028 01:26:27,974 --> 01:26:31,432 And he's arrested and charged with treason. 1029 01:26:31,520 --> 01:26:36,856 He spends his fime in prison plotting his next move. 1030 01:26:36,942 --> 01:26:41,151 [ Hitler dictating, indistinct I 1031 01:26:47,786 --> 01:26:51,153 To gain followers and to spread his message... 1032 01:26:52,916 --> 01:26:55,498 Hitler creates a manifesto... 1033 01:26:56,962 --> 01:27:01,877 The heart of which is a radical plan for world domination. 1034 01:27:02,676 --> 01:27:04,291 What we must fight for... 1035 01:27:05,637 --> 01:27:08,549 Is to safeguard the existence... 1036 01:27:11,143 --> 01:27:13,850 And the reproduction of our race and our people. 1037 01:27:35,375 --> 01:27:38,412 Coming up on the world wars- 1038 01:27:38,503 --> 01:27:42,246 the fighting may have stopped, but the war isn't over. 1039 01:27:43,467 --> 01:27:47,801 Out of a great global depression, a new generation of leader emerges. 1040 01:27:47,888 --> 01:27:50,595 We must reverse the treaty of versailles. 1041 01:27:50,682 --> 01:27:53,424 Let these chains be burst asunder. 1042 01:27:53,518 --> 01:27:55,054 [ Applause I 1043 01:27:56,021 --> 01:27:58,512 [ narrator I while some are desperate fo maintain the peace- 1044 01:27:58,607 --> 01:28:00,518 none of these people, general... 1045 01:28:00,609 --> 01:28:02,895 Want me putting money towards the next war. 1046 01:28:02,986 --> 01:28:05,602 Others rise from the ashes... 1047 01:28:05,697 --> 01:28:09,940 Looking fo reignite a great global war. 1048 01:28:10,035 --> 01:28:14,745 Hitler is far more dangerous than anything we've ever faced before! 1049 01:28:17,876 --> 01:28:19,787 Bomb every city... 1050 01:28:21,630 --> 01:28:24,588 Every town, every village. 1051 01:28:24,674 --> 01:28:26,335 We will annihilate them. 1052 01:28:27,260 --> 01:28:29,467 And as the fighting breaks out again... 1053 01:28:29,554 --> 01:28:33,092 It's not a request. It's a damned order. 1054 01:28:33,183 --> 01:28:37,643 The fate of mankind hangs in the balance. 1055 01:28:39,940 --> 01:28:42,807 It's time to end America's threat once and for all. 86628