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[ Men shouting I
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[ Shouts in German I
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[ speaking German I
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[ Gasping, choking I
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[ Ordnance exploding I
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[I German I
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[ Gasps I
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[I German I
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[ gasps, choking I
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[ Man narrating I
over a 30-year period...
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From 1974 fo 1945...
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More than 100 million people will die...
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In the bloodiest conflict
the world has ever seen.
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But it all began in the slums of Vienna.
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At age 25...
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Adolf Hitler is a poor loner
and aspiring artist...
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Struggling fo survive.
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Both his parents are dead...
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00:05:26,743 --> 00:05:29,610
Leaving Hitler
iruly alone in the world.
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00:05:31,248 --> 00:05:34,536
He was a lost soul.
He wanted to be an artist.
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00:05:35,544 --> 00:05:41,835
But he couldn't get into the art school,
and he ended up living in a flophouse.
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Left without any means of support...
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His only way fo make money
is selling paintings around fown...
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For next to nothing.
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Hitler didn't have a plan b
when he was rejected.
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He just didn't know what to do,
so he started to drift.
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He had very little money.
He was living a hand-to-mouth existence.
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He had no clear aim in life at all.
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00:06:12,789 --> 00:06:15,576
He was, in a sense,
waiting for something to happen.
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Before long,
a chance event 450 miles away...
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Will change everything.
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June 28, 1914.
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[ Gunshot I
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an assassin takes down
the archduke of Austria-Hungary.
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The murder ignites a deadly conflict...
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That quickly erupts into war.
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From the tangle of alliances,
two sides emerge.
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Britain, France and Russia
become known as the allies...
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00:06:57,667 --> 00:07:01,251
While Austria-Hungary, Germany
and the ottoman empire...
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Form the central powers.
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Filled with a patriotic
sense of urgency...
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Men on both sides
rush to join the fight.
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For Hitler, it's the opportunity
he's been waiting for.
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He quickly rushes fo enlist.
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He tried out for the Austrian army.
He failed the physical.
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He wasn't considered strong enough
to carry a rifle.
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Rejected by his own country...
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Hitler turns fo the German army,
who's accepting almost anyone...
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As they work to build
the largest fighting force in the world.
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[ Narrator I Germany has finally
given Hitler what he's always wanted-
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a place to belong.
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I think that the decision to enter
the military, for most people...
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Is hot a decision to serve.
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It may be, in a very general sense...
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But it's more often because
something else is motivating you.
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Zwel!
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Drer/
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vier!
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Throughout August of 1914...
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Hitler trained as a private
in the German army.
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The German army was considered
to be the finest army in the world.
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It was a massive force...
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Well equipped, well trained
and very well led...
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And Hitler was swept away.
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Being part of the German army...
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Was something that Hitler deeply loved.
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The structure of training
transforms Hitler ..
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Info a devout German soldier.
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Hitler joins
one and a half million Germans...
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Marching towards the French border
and the unified allied forces.
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In the history of warfare,
armies this large...
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Have never met in combat
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6,000 miles away...
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America has nothing to do
with the war in Europe.
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Theyre in their own war
with pancho villa.
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The Mexican revolutionary...
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Is carrying out violent attacks
on us. Citizens...
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Along the southwestern border.
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But he goes foo far.
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Villa and his men
seize an American mining train...
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Brutally killing 16 innocent Americans...
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Leaving the U.S. military no choice
but to take action.
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Nearly 5,000 American froops
cross the Mexican border...
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Fo take down villa.
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But fighting a guerrilla force
with a traditional army...
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Is next fo impossible.
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One army caplain is determined
fo find a different way.
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His name is George s. Patton.
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Patton's ancestors
fought in the revolutionary war.
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They fought in the civil war.
He grew up wanting to be a military hero.
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He has a reputation for being smart,
tough and for being ruthless.
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And he had another quality
that's essential in military leadership.
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He understands
the power of technology...
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And he doesn't want to fight
with cavalry and with horses.
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He's looking for new technology...
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That will change the nature
of the battlefield.
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So the car is fairly new.
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If you strap a gun to a car,
you've got a new instrument of warfare.
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[ Narrator I
what patton doesn't know...
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Is that he's about fo
revolutionize warfare.
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I think patton knew only one direction,
and that was forward.
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He had a lot of charisma.
He was a very colorful leader.
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I thought he was very egotistical...
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And that's fine as long as you
translate that into good leadership...
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But maybe a little bit over the top.
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Almost immediately...
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Patfon is able fo put his plan
nto action...
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And he launches a surprise raid
on pancho villa's camp.
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Faster!
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Got 'em on the run! Go!
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Faster!
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Get down!
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Let's go! Pick it up!
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[ Narrator I
the bandits are no maftch...
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For patton and his mobile army...
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And by the end of the fight...
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Three of villa's men have been killed...
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Including his secona-in-command.
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The first use of motorized warfare
by the United States army...
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Is a huge success...
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And for patton...
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It's the first step
in his rise fo greatness.
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Half a world away...
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Wo massive armies collide
on the battlefield...
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In the first major war
with modern technology.
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When you look at world war I,
it's about machine guns...
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And, you know, all of these sorts
of new killing mechanisms.
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It's the beginning of the 20th century
as a tech era.
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This is not men on horseback anymore.
This is a motorized war.
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[ Narrator I the advanced weaponry
turns the conflict into a slaughter.
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230 men are killed each hour-
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one death every 15 seconas.
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Really the machine gun
probably did more than anything else.
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They found that if they dug even shallow
trenches and used machine guns...
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A small number of troops
could stop a large attacking force.
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00:14:56,896 --> 00:14:59,433
And then both sides
started to dig trenches...
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00:14:59,524 --> 00:15:03,187
And so they were locked
along this line, the western front...
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Which was this extraordinarily
complex set of trenches...
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That didn't move very much either way.
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The trenches covered 25,000 miles.
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Laid end fo end,
they would circle the globe.
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The area between the trenches
ls so deadly...
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It's known...
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As no-man's-land.
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[ Men shouting I
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among the German soldiers...
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Stationed in the trenches
along the western front...
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Is Adolf Hitler.
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But even after months
on the front lines...
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Hitler is still seen as an oufcast
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Hitler was regarded by the other troops
as something of a loner...
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Something of a rather peculiar,
eccentric person who kept to himself.
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But what Hitler lacks in popularity...
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He makes up for in blind ambition.
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Runner!
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Command wants this taken
to the 3rd battalion.
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- Now!
- Yes, sir.
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Hitler's role as a messenger
was actually considered...
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Perhaps the most dangerous task
in trench warfare.
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Running from trench to trench,
exposing himself to enemy fire...
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The mortality rate for messengers
was quite significant.
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Fall back!
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[ Grunts I
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[ Bullets zip past I
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The Germans are retreating,
Adolf Hitler has been injured...
166
00:18:36,782 --> 00:18:41,116
And he has this encounter
with private Henry tandey...
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A British private.
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00:19:02,266 --> 00:19:06,134
Tandey has Adolf Hitler in his sights...
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00:19:06,228 --> 00:19:09,846
And even though
he's a trained soldier...
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He can't bring himself
to pull the trigger.
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00:19:18,074 --> 00:19:20,065
If tandey had pulled the trigger...
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Adolf Hitler would have died
on the battlefields in world war I...
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And the whole course of human history
would have been changed.
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It's one of the great
“what ifs” in history.
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The world wars have begun...
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With britain, France and Russia...
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Squaring off against Germany
and the central powers.
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Modern weaponry is causing
mass devastation on the battlefields...
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00:19:59,865 --> 00:20:04,404
And tens of thousands of soldiers
are now living in overcrowded trenches.
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00:20:06,288 --> 00:20:09,496
Very soon after the war began,
both sides realized...
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“We can entrench and the other side
can't move us out.
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They can move us backwards
a little bit...
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But only at horrendous cost.”
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And as a result of this...
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The war just bogged down
in the muds of northern France.
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[ Narrator I but in London...
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One man is convinced
he can break the stalemale.
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He comes up to the barman
and says, “I would like-"
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born info one of the wealthiest families
in britain...
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[ Continues, indistinct I
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00:20:47,913 --> 00:20:50,825
he's risen through the ranks
at unusual speed...
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00:20:53,169 --> 00:20:55,785
Fo become the head
of the British Navy.
193
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His name is Winston Churchill.
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00:21:02,553 --> 00:21:05,761
Churchill had
the most enormous self-confidence...
195
00:21:05,848 --> 00:21:08,089
And it's easy to see
why that was the case.
196
00:21:08,184 --> 00:21:12,393
He was the son of lord Randolph Churchill,
who was a brilliant politician...
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00:21:12,480 --> 00:21:14,937
And so Churchill
from the very young man...
198
00:21:15,024 --> 00:21:18,437
Saw himself,
almost by divine right...
199
00:21:18,527 --> 00:21:20,734
As playing a leading role in politics.
200
00:21:25,576 --> 00:21:27,658
Churchill forms a bold plan...
201
00:21:27,745 --> 00:21:30,737
That he's certain will change
the allies' fortunes.
202
00:21:32,041 --> 00:21:36,000
He, even at that point,
considered himself a strategist...
203
00:21:36,086 --> 00:21:40,420
And he looked for ways to break
the stalemate in western Europe...
204
00:21:40,508 --> 00:21:42,402
Rather than just to get
more armies and more artillery...
205
00:21:42,426 --> 00:21:44,007
And it actually was fairly thoughtful.
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00:21:44,845 --> 00:21:47,632
What if we could send the fleet
to the south...
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00:21:47,723 --> 00:21:49,384
Into the black sea?
208
00:21:50,434 --> 00:21:52,675
- Resupply the Russians?
- Yes, exactly.
209
00:21:54,563 --> 00:21:56,144
There's no way.
210
00:21:56,232 --> 00:21:58,518
Yes, there is.
Through gallipoli.
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00:22:00,194 --> 00:22:02,651
Gallipoli? No.
212
00:22:02,738 --> 00:22:04,649
This is our way in.
213
00:22:04,740 --> 00:22:07,402
With all due respect, we are here
to provide information-
214
00:22:07,493 --> 00:22:09,404
this is what we are doing.
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00:22:10,913 --> 00:22:14,100
A lot of the people Churchill worked with
thought he was a man of contradictions...
216
00:22:14,124 --> 00:22:15,989
A Maverick, a loose Cannon.
217
00:22:16,085 --> 00:22:18,497
He was known as someone to watch.
218
00:22:18,587 --> 00:22:21,294
His friends would say someone to watch
'cause he's very talented...
219
00:22:21,382 --> 00:22:24,499
And his enemies would say someone
to watch because he's dangerous.
220
00:22:26,428 --> 00:22:29,966
The gallipoli peninsula
is heavily guarded by the central powers.
221
00:22:31,183 --> 00:22:34,471
Churchill s plan is to blast
through the narrow strait...
222
00:22:35,771 --> 00:22:38,353
Pushing through fo Russia...
223
00:22:38,440 --> 00:22:42,854
And allowing the allies fo launch
an overwhelming attack from the east...
224
00:22:42,945 --> 00:22:45,527
Opening up a second front
against Germany.
225
00:22:46,949 --> 00:22:50,988
If it's successtul, the allies
will be able to turn the tide of the war...
226
00:22:52,329 --> 00:22:54,285
And crush the central powers.
227
00:22:59,962 --> 00:23:02,704
More than 100 warships set sail...
228
00:23:02,798 --> 00:23:06,040
For what will be the largest
amphibious invasion...
229
00:23:06,135 --> 00:23:08,126
The world has ever seen.
230
00:23:24,111 --> 00:23:27,071
People often ask me, “what's the most
difficult decision you've ever made?”
231
00:23:27,114 --> 00:23:30,106
And it's always the decision
of sending men into battle...
232
00:23:30,200 --> 00:23:34,409
And the worst part of it all
is the night that the battle begins...
233
00:23:34,496 --> 00:23:36,862
Because you know
you just launched something...
234
00:23:36,957 --> 00:23:40,916
And you know that
within a few hours...
235
00:23:41,003 --> 00:23:43,585
You will start getting calls
from the battlefield...
236
00:23:43,672 --> 00:23:45,583
From your commanders out in the field...
237
00:23:45,674 --> 00:23:48,006
That will tell you
how many young men have died.
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00:23:49,178 --> 00:23:51,339
[ Phone ringing I
239
00:23:54,099 --> 00:23:55,099
yes?
240
00:23:58,687 --> 00:24:00,018
They're halfway up the straits.
241
00:24:00,105 --> 00:24:02,767
- They should have broken through by now.
- They'll make it.
242
00:24:02,858 --> 00:24:05,725
Four ships sunk.
Another burning.
243
00:24:06,820 --> 00:24:08,185
Losses were to be expected.
244
00:24:09,073 --> 00:24:10,984
The fleet is requesting
permission to turn back.
245
00:24:11,700 --> 00:24:14,863
They are to press on at all costs.
246
00:24:16,330 --> 00:24:17,695
This is war.
247
00:24:21,126 --> 00:24:24,289
Gallipoli,
I don't think, could ever have worked.
248
00:24:24,380 --> 00:24:26,462
The troops who stormed ashore...
249
00:24:26,548 --> 00:24:29,915
Were met by a hail of machine gun fire
and artillery...
250
00:24:30,010 --> 00:24:32,126
And the casualties were appalling.
251
00:24:37,434 --> 00:24:40,801
The invasion is a devastating failure.
252
00:24:42,690 --> 00:24:45,898
56,000 allied troops are killed...
253
00:24:47,444 --> 00:24:50,982
And nearly 200,000
are reported injured or missing.
254
00:24:53,325 --> 00:24:55,236
Almost no ground is gained...
255
00:24:58,288 --> 00:25:02,702
And the supply route fo Russia
remains closed off
256
00:25:04,753 --> 00:25:07,369
I think Churchill's credibility
after gallipoli...
257
00:25:07,464 --> 00:25:10,706
Was certainly called
into question.
258
00:25:13,429 --> 00:25:15,590
Warfare is not a science.
259
00:25:16,598 --> 00:25:18,535
The one thing you do know
when you commit to warfare...
260
00:25:18,559 --> 00:25:20,095
Is it's going to be horrible.
261
00:25:22,438 --> 00:25:25,976
The public is outraged by the carnage.
262
00:25:28,235 --> 00:25:30,772
Someone will have fo fake the blame.
263
00:25:36,785 --> 00:25:38,446
[ Bell tolling I
264
00:25:39,830 --> 00:25:41,411
it's over.
265
00:25:43,417 --> 00:25:46,033
- The plan was sound.
- Excuse me?
266
00:25:46,128 --> 00:25:49,211
The plan was sound. All we needed
to do was keep pushing forward.
267
00:25:49,298 --> 00:25:52,916
I'm afraid your services
as first lord of the admiralty...
268
00:25:53,802 --> 00:25:55,713
Are no longer required.
269
00:25:57,723 --> 00:26:01,181
I'll expect your letter of resignation
in the morning.
270
00:26:13,989 --> 00:26:15,695
When Churchill was let go...
271
00:26:15,783 --> 00:26:18,866
He thought his career
was over, finished.
272
00:26:20,496 --> 00:26:23,533
And that wasn't melodrama on his part,
and he could be melodramatic.
273
00:26:23,624 --> 00:26:25,580
It appeared that it would be finished.
274
00:26:26,376 --> 00:26:30,619
It's hard to imagine Churchill
being humbled by something like gallipoli.
275
00:26:30,714 --> 00:26:34,377
But he was chastened.
He thought, “never again.
276
00:26:35,594 --> 00:26:39,587
The next time, if there's a next time"
and it didn't look like there would be-
277
00:26:39,681 --> 00:26:41,467
“I'll do it right.”
278
00:26:49,983 --> 00:26:52,190
[ Narrator I
defeated and humiliated...
279
00:26:53,195 --> 00:26:55,857
Churchill's career is all but ruined.
280
00:27:01,161 --> 00:27:04,403
He's offered a desk job,
which he tums down.
281
00:27:08,961 --> 00:27:11,668
He knows if he's ever
going to redeem himself...
282
00:27:11,755 --> 00:27:13,996
He needs a new path.
283
00:27:19,513 --> 00:27:22,050
So Churchill does the unthinkable.
284
00:27:22,141 --> 00:27:24,723
He enlists in the British army...
285
00:27:27,312 --> 00:27:29,519
And heads straight for the front lines.
286
00:27:35,028 --> 00:27:37,394
While Winston Churchill
looks for redemption...
287
00:27:37,489 --> 00:27:40,401
Germany looks fo capitalize
on its victory at gallipoli...
288
00:27:40,492 --> 00:27:44,906
Devising a plan fo eliminate
the Russian threat once and for all.
289
00:27:50,711 --> 00:27:54,875
The Germans load a secret weapon
onto a heavily guarded train...
290
00:27:56,008 --> 00:27:57,498
Headed for Russia.
291
00:28:02,931 --> 00:28:06,014
It's a weapon that promises
fo destroy their enemies...
292
00:28:06,101 --> 00:28:07,682
From the inside out
293
00:28:17,696 --> 00:28:21,280
That weapon is viadimir Lenin.
294
00:28:27,623 --> 00:28:31,366
Lenin is the leader of Russia's
communist revolutionaries...
295
00:28:32,544 --> 00:28:34,876
Hell-bent on toppling the Russian czar.
296
00:28:37,216 --> 00:28:40,379
For the past 10 years,
he's been in exile in Switzerland...
297
00:28:42,054 --> 00:28:44,511
Until Germany
sends him home on a train...
298
00:28:45,599 --> 00:28:49,057
Along with over $10 million
to fund his revolution.
299
00:28:50,354 --> 00:28:53,721
The Germans decided that
they would take this enormous gamble...
300
00:28:53,815 --> 00:28:58,058
And bring Lenin back to Russia
to bring about a revolution...
301
00:28:58,153 --> 00:28:59,563
To get Russia out of the war.
302
00:28:59,655 --> 00:29:01,987
That's about as radical
a step as you can take.
303
00:29:07,162 --> 00:29:09,278
When Lenin gets to Moscow...
304
00:29:09,373 --> 00:29:11,614
He's greeted by an old friend.
305
00:29:12,793 --> 00:29:15,660
Six times he's been exiled
lo Siberia...
306
00:29:15,754 --> 00:29:18,746
And six times he's escaped.
307
00:29:18,840 --> 00:29:21,547
His name is Joseph Stalin.
308
00:29:24,429 --> 00:29:25,760
Comrade.
309
00:29:26,682 --> 00:29:28,218
Comrade.
310
00:29:28,684 --> 00:29:30,549
Let me show you to your place.
311
00:29:31,270 --> 00:29:35,138
Reunited, the two
play right into Germany's plan...
312
00:29:35,232 --> 00:29:38,349
As they begin to plot
an armed rebellion.
313
00:29:39,152 --> 00:29:40,608
Over the next few months...
314
00:29:40,696 --> 00:29:44,939
Lenin and Stalin recruit
a massive workers' militia.
315
00:29:45,701 --> 00:29:48,989
Using the $10 million
from the German government...
316
00:29:50,205 --> 00:29:52,867
They quietly amass
a stockpile of weapons...
317
00:29:55,669 --> 00:29:58,035
Until they are ready
fo make thelr move.
318
00:29:59,047 --> 00:30:02,881
I've arranged to take the train stations
and the telephone communications.
319
00:30:03,927 --> 00:30:05,212
And the palace guard?
320
00:30:05,887 --> 00:30:09,379
Many of our sources say
they are sympathetic to our cause.
321
00:30:10,559 --> 00:30:12,800
Our timing has to be perfect.
322
00:30:20,235 --> 00:30:23,227
[ Narrator I
on November 7, 1917...
323
00:30:23,905 --> 00:30:26,567
The communists storm the winter palace.
324
00:30:30,245 --> 00:30:33,362
The Soviet union
will soon rise to power.
325
00:30:40,422 --> 00:30:43,004
This is just the beginning, comrades.
326
00:30:47,471 --> 00:30:49,132
Just days later...
327
00:30:50,098 --> 00:30:52,305
Lenin signs a decree...
328
00:30:52,392 --> 00:30:54,758
That takes Russia out of the war.
329
00:30:56,980 --> 00:30:58,845
The German plan works...
330
00:31:00,317 --> 00:31:04,230
Bringing them one step closer
fo victory.
331
00:31:09,618 --> 00:31:13,327
[ Narrator I Europe is at war,
and in a bold move...
332
00:31:13,413 --> 00:31:17,156
The central powers have ended
the fighting on the eastern front...
333
00:31:17,250 --> 00:31:21,163
Sending exiled revolutionary
viadimir Lenin back fo Russia...
334
00:31:23,090 --> 00:31:25,172
Where he seized control
of the country...
335
00:31:25,801 --> 00:31:28,383
And fook the Russian army
out of the fight.
336
00:31:32,140 --> 00:31:35,724
Germany can tum its attention
fo the other allies...
337
00:31:35,811 --> 00:31:38,473
And one of the countries
now forced to fend off...
338
00:31:38,563 --> 00:31:42,226
The new wave of German soldiers
is Italy.
339
00:31:44,444 --> 00:31:47,607
Italy joined the fight in 19175...
340
00:31:47,697 --> 00:31:52,066
And now must face the full might
of the German army for the first time.
341
00:31:52,160 --> 00:31:57,325
Tens of thousands of troops are rushed
fo defend the Italian border in the alps.
342
00:32:03,505 --> 00:32:05,041
Among them...
343
00:32:06,466 --> 00:32:09,674
Is a sharpshooter
named Benito Mussolini.
344
00:32:13,390 --> 00:32:15,881
Before the war,
Mussolini is an antiwar activist.
345
00:32:15,976 --> 00:32:18,467
He's a journalist.
He's pretty much a pacifist.
346
00:32:37,831 --> 00:32:40,197
[ Narrator I the fime spent
defending Italy's border...
347
00:32:40,292 --> 00:32:44,831
Makes Mussolini hungry
fo return Italy to greatness.
348
00:32:45,589 --> 00:32:47,329
[ Gunshot I
349
00:32:48,884 --> 00:32:52,468
Mussolini becomes a very different
person than he was before the war.
350
00:32:52,554 --> 00:32:56,638
His whole attitude toward his nation
and his role in it changes.
351
00:32:57,267 --> 00:33:00,805
He develops this hyper sense
of nationalism, this pride in his country.
352
00:33:03,231 --> 00:33:05,222
[ Narrator I
the horrors of war...
353
00:33:05,317 --> 00:33:08,809
Have transformed Mussolini
into a ruthless killing machine...
354
00:33:10,280 --> 00:33:13,317
A trait he'll lake back
with him fo Rome.
355
00:33:15,744 --> 00:33:17,109
[ Gunshot I
356
00:33:17,204 --> 00:33:20,116
600 miles fo the north,
in Belgium...
357
00:33:20,207 --> 00:33:22,118
The British army digs in.
358
00:33:31,927 --> 00:33:33,667
Since the beginning of the war...
359
00:33:33,762 --> 00:33:36,845
Nearly 400,000 British soldiers
have been killed...
360
00:33:37,933 --> 00:33:40,265
Just to be replaced by new arrivals.
361
00:33:45,065 --> 00:33:46,976
Among the new recruits...
362
00:33:47,067 --> 00:33:51,151
Is a man battling back
from the biggest failure of his life-
363
00:33:53,823 --> 00:33:55,233
Winston Churchill.
364
00:33:56,243 --> 00:33:58,529
Churchill took responsibility...
365
00:33:58,620 --> 00:34:01,862
For everything he ever did in his life.
366
00:34:01,957 --> 00:34:03,948
He never passed the buck.
367
00:34:04,042 --> 00:34:09,082
He was humbled, humiliated by gallipoli,
and he had to do something...
368
00:34:09,172 --> 00:34:14,132
And he put himself in harm's way
and volunteered to go to the trenches.
369
00:34:14,219 --> 00:34:15,800
It was a very dangerous thing to do.
370
00:34:18,431 --> 00:34:20,296
Move! Go!
371
00:34:24,479 --> 00:34:28,688
Sir, 2nd platoon
lost this main trench.
372
00:34:28,775 --> 00:34:31,107
Get me the mortar team
from the west reserve now!
373
00:34:50,672 --> 00:34:53,334
You get the hell
scared out of you, first of all.
374
00:34:53,425 --> 00:34:56,917
The first time I got shot at was...
375
00:34:57,012 --> 00:34:59,378
“Hey, this isn't a game.
This is for real.
376
00:34:59,472 --> 00:35:02,305
This guy really missed me
and he killed somebody else...
377
00:35:02,392 --> 00:35:04,883
But tomorrow he'll try to kill me.”
378
00:35:05,895 --> 00:35:08,432
As we say in the military,
that opens your nostrils.
379
00:35:15,739 --> 00:35:17,775
With British casualties escalating...
380
00:35:17,866 --> 00:35:20,152
Churchill is quickly promoted...
381
00:35:21,911 --> 00:35:26,029
And discovers he has what it lakes
fo lead men into battle.
382
00:35:30,962 --> 00:35:32,953
For a man of Churchill's ambition...
383
00:35:33,048 --> 00:35:36,336
It's the first step towards redemption.
384
00:35:38,678 --> 00:35:41,294
In his heart, what Churchill
always wanted to be...
385
00:35:41,389 --> 00:35:43,300
Was the great warrior, the great hero.
386
00:35:46,061 --> 00:35:49,394
Here he was,
commanding a mere 800 men...
387
00:35:50,565 --> 00:35:54,854
Whereas he dreamed of directing
the battle destinies of millions.
388
00:36:13,672 --> 00:36:16,084
The fight seems unending.
389
00:36:16,174 --> 00:36:17,960
Mail.
390
00:36:19,135 --> 00:36:21,592
Until Germany unleashes
a secret weapon.
391
00:36:22,764 --> 00:36:25,255
Incoming!
392
00:36:29,270 --> 00:36:32,057
Gas! Move! Move!
393
00:36:33,066 --> 00:36:36,149
Run away! Go!
394
00:36:38,780 --> 00:36:40,771
- Let's go! Let's go!
- Get 'em on!
395
00:36:40,865 --> 00:36:43,732
[ Coughing continues I
396
00:37:09,936 --> 00:37:13,053
The fight between
the central and allied powers...
397
00:37:13,148 --> 00:37:16,265
Has become the bloodiest war
in human history.
398
00:37:16,359 --> 00:37:20,147
By 1917, nearly seven million British...
399
00:37:20,238 --> 00:37:23,150
French and German soldiers
have been killed.
400
00:37:23,241 --> 00:37:24,321
Gas!
401
00:37:24,409 --> 00:37:25,409
Go!
402
00:37:27,495 --> 00:37:29,702
[ Gasping, choking I
403
00:37:32,542 --> 00:37:33,907
it was a war of attrition.
404
00:37:34,002 --> 00:37:36,243
You had to kill as many of the enemy
as you could...
405
00:37:36,337 --> 00:37:38,669
So you could possibly advance.
406
00:37:38,757 --> 00:37:42,249
Chemical warfare just enabled that
in a very horrific way.
407
00:37:43,470 --> 00:37:45,677
[ Narrator I england and France
are growing desperate...
408
00:37:45,764 --> 00:37:47,846
For a way to alter
the course of the war...
409
00:37:48,850 --> 00:37:50,932
So they look to the one country...
410
00:37:51,019 --> 00:37:54,136
That could finally tip the scales
in their favor.
411
00:38:03,072 --> 00:38:06,314
Until now,
president woodrow Wilson...
412
00:38:06,409 --> 00:38:08,695
Has kept America out of the war.
413
00:38:10,205 --> 00:38:13,322
Wilson recognized
that the American people...
414
00:38:13,416 --> 00:38:15,532
Did not want to get involved in a war...
415
00:38:15,627 --> 00:38:17,618
Particularly if it's a war far away...
416
00:38:17,712 --> 00:38:20,624
Involving people and for causes
that we had nothing to do with.
417
00:38:22,091 --> 00:38:26,630
Frankly, the American people did not
see themselves at immediate risk.
418
00:38:27,806 --> 00:38:29,533
But with hostilities escalating...
419
00:38:29,557 --> 00:38:30,592
Mr. president-
420
00:38:30,683 --> 00:38:33,800
a peaceful solution
seems less and less likely-
421
00:38:33,895 --> 00:38:35,101
my pleasure, sir.
422
00:38:35,188 --> 00:38:39,932
And Wilson's advisers urge him
fo begin preparing military forces.
423
00:38:42,445 --> 00:38:47,360
Among them is the 35-year-old
assistant secretary of the Navy...
424
00:38:48,243 --> 00:38:49,824
Franklin delano Roosevelt
425
00:38:49,911 --> 00:38:53,153
Mr. president, I recommend
an immediate allocation of more funds...
426
00:38:53,248 --> 00:38:57,116
To our naval resources if we want
to maintain military preparedness.
427
00:38:58,086 --> 00:39:02,671
Wilson found himself
being drawn closer and closer to war.
428
00:39:02,757 --> 00:39:04,213
In the spring of 1915...
429
00:39:04,300 --> 00:39:06,336
The British liner the lusitania was sunk...
430
00:39:06,427 --> 00:39:08,509
And on board were over
a hundred Americans.
431
00:39:08,596 --> 00:39:12,760
Now this was a big deal. Until this
time, it had been a European war.
432
00:39:12,851 --> 00:39:16,093
But now, in this European war,
Americans were getting killed.
433
00:39:17,105 --> 00:39:20,643
[ Narrator I American resentment
grows against Germany...
434
00:39:20,733 --> 00:39:23,770
And on February 26, 1917...
435
00:39:24,612 --> 00:39:26,694
It finally reaches a boiling point.
436
00:39:27,949 --> 00:39:31,032
Mr. president, I think
you should look at this right away.
437
00:39:41,713 --> 00:39:45,126
Great Britain intercepts
a secret telegram from Germany...
438
00:39:46,134 --> 00:39:48,250
Intended for the Mexican government...
439
00:39:49,095 --> 00:39:51,802
Containing a shocking proposal.
440
00:39:53,474 --> 00:39:58,685
The Germans are offering to fund
a Mexican invasion of the United States...
441
00:39:58,771 --> 00:40:02,434
That would allow the country
fo reclaim the border states...
442
00:40:02,525 --> 00:40:06,734
Of Arizona, new Mexico and Texas.
443
00:40:08,615 --> 00:40:13,154
The German ploy was preoccupy
America with the war with Mexico...
444
00:40:13,244 --> 00:40:15,530
And therefore you keep them
out of Europe.
445
00:40:15,622 --> 00:40:19,365
Well, this incensed a lot of Americans
and rightfully so.
446
00:40:20,460 --> 00:40:23,668
The U.S. government releases
the contents of the secret message...
447
00:40:23,755 --> 00:40:29,250
And almost instantly anti-German protests
erupt all across America.
448
00:40:29,344 --> 00:40:32,802
The Zimmerman telegram
was one of the stupidest things...
449
00:40:32,889 --> 00:40:34,425
The German government ever did.
450
00:40:34,515 --> 00:40:36,676
Texas didn't care
about the war in Europe.
451
00:40:36,768 --> 00:40:41,262
Now, all of a sudden, the Germans
are trying to return Texas to Mexico?
452
00:40:41,356 --> 00:40:44,018
Enough with Germany.
They need to be taught a lesson.
453
00:40:45,485 --> 00:40:48,443
[ Narrator I president Wilson
signs the declaration of war...
454
00:40:48,529 --> 00:40:50,269
In April of 1917.
455
00:40:51,532 --> 00:40:56,526
Germany's plan to keep America
out of Europe completely backfires.
456
00:40:58,623 --> 00:41:00,989
The Americans
may finally be ready for war...
457
00:41:01,876 --> 00:41:03,958
But their military isn't.
458
00:41:05,171 --> 00:41:09,289
The U.S. has a standing army
of only 100,000 men...
459
00:41:10,093 --> 00:41:13,460
While the German army
has four and a half million.
460
00:41:15,056 --> 00:41:18,014
The United States
hurries fo build its military...
461
00:41:19,560 --> 00:41:23,348
And those few with fighting experience
are rushed to France.
462
00:41:36,077 --> 00:41:40,411
[ Narrator I George s. Paftfon has been
presented with a huge challenge-
463
00:41:40,498 --> 00:41:42,864
76 company.
464
00:41:42,959 --> 00:41:45,746
Fo command a battalion
of American men...
465
00:41:47,672 --> 00:41:50,379
Using the latest form
of military innovation...
466
00:41:59,267 --> 00:42:00,757
The tank.
467
00:42:07,483 --> 00:42:10,350
Some American generals
were really resisting the tank...
468
00:42:10,445 --> 00:42:12,811
Because they didn't want
to get rid of the horse cavalry.
469
00:42:13,906 --> 00:42:17,114
George patton understood
the power of the new technology...
470
00:42:17,201 --> 00:42:18,941
Of mobile and armed warfare...
471
00:42:19,787 --> 00:42:22,494
And he invested a lot in that.
472
00:42:26,919 --> 00:42:29,831
[ Narrator I the tank is already
being used on the western front...
473
00:42:29,922 --> 00:42:31,787
But with little success.
474
00:42:33,718 --> 00:42:38,052
It runs out of gas foo quickly,
gefts stuck in the mud foo easily...
475
00:42:38,139 --> 00:42:43,133
And its sheer size makes it difficult
fo incorporate in military maneuvers.
476
00:42:44,937 --> 00:42:48,429
But where others see
an insurmountable challenge...
477
00:42:49,817 --> 00:42:52,479
Patton sees a chance
fo prove that his tanks...
478
00:42:53,571 --> 00:42:55,562
Can break the stalemate.
479
00:42:57,533 --> 00:43:00,366
I think innovation
comes between the ears.
480
00:43:00,453 --> 00:43:02,068
It's not about the gizmo.
481
00:43:02,163 --> 00:43:05,121
It's about how you think
about using technology and so forth.
482
00:43:05,875 --> 00:43:09,063
You have to give credit to the people
like patton that experienced world war I...
483
00:43:09,087 --> 00:43:14,753
That had been thinking about
how to employ new things.
484
00:43:24,977 --> 00:43:27,434
Patton knows the stakes are high...
485
00:43:30,149 --> 00:43:32,060
But with his battalion of tanks...
486
00:43:34,278 --> 00:43:36,564
He's determined to win the war...
487
00:43:38,366 --> 00:43:39,947
Or die trying.
488
00:43:47,208 --> 00:43:50,041
The global war rages in Europe...
489
00:43:52,964 --> 00:43:57,424
As the allies fight fo hold their ground
against Germany and the central powers...
490
00:43:59,095 --> 00:44:01,837
In the sprawling system of trenches.
491
00:44:08,729 --> 00:44:11,141
Things are ugly in world war I.
492
00:44:11,232 --> 00:44:15,726
Europe was staggered, exhausted,
many cities in rubble.
493
00:44:15,820 --> 00:44:18,732
Starvation, disease were widespread.
494
00:44:19,657 --> 00:44:23,115
You know, the red cross couldn't even
keep up with what was going on.
495
00:44:24,078 --> 00:44:28,412
If you were the allies in Europe,
you needed the reinforcements.
496
00:44:28,499 --> 00:44:30,114
New energy, new blood.
497
00:44:33,796 --> 00:44:36,162
To aid in the fight...
498
00:44:36,257 --> 00:44:39,044
The allies recruit
a new country to their side.
499
00:44:40,261 --> 00:44:43,503
Following their long-awaited entry
nto the war...
500
00:44:43,598 --> 00:44:46,260
America is ready
fo make its presence fel.
501
00:44:51,731 --> 00:44:55,895
Their first major offensive
is an attack on the western front...
502
00:44:57,111 --> 00:45:00,148
Hoping fo force the central powers
out of their trenches...
503
00:45:00,239 --> 00:45:02,525
And arive them out of France.
504
00:45:04,035 --> 00:45:07,027
Theyre armed
with a secret weapon of their own-
505
00:45:07,121 --> 00:45:09,237
a battalion of lightweight tanks...
506
00:45:10,291 --> 00:45:13,033
Under the command
of colonel George s. Patfon.
507
00:45:13,127 --> 00:45:15,459
In a column, we're going
to go down the main road.
508
00:45:15,546 --> 00:45:18,538
Don't let anyone know we're coming.
We move at dawn.
509
00:45:18,633 --> 00:45:19,633
Yes, sir.
510
00:45:20,635 --> 00:45:22,546
Patton is testing his new strategy.
511
00:45:22,637 --> 00:45:25,720
He's leading this new form
of weaponry, the tank.
512
00:45:25,806 --> 00:45:28,388
So it's an important battle for him...
513
00:45:28,476 --> 00:45:32,219
To prove that tanks are valuable
on the battlefield...
514
00:45:32,313 --> 00:45:36,147
And also to establish himself
as an important military leader.
515
00:45:37,568 --> 00:45:40,310
For patton, everything in his career...
516
00:45:40,404 --> 00:45:42,565
Has led up to this moment.
517
00:45:42,657 --> 00:45:44,773
George patton
had grown up to be a soldier.
518
00:45:44,867 --> 00:45:47,734
It was his identity.
519
00:45:47,828 --> 00:45:52,242
And so in the first world war,
he is in his element.
520
00:46:08,182 --> 00:46:11,094
The night before the planned invasion...
521
00:46:11,185 --> 00:46:13,096
Patton can't sleep.
522
00:46:13,187 --> 00:46:14,768
[ Ordnance exploding I
523
00:46:14,855 --> 00:46:17,471
tanks are still unproven in warfare...
524
00:46:17,566 --> 00:46:21,434
And patton knows
he can't leave anything fo chance.
525
00:46:40,214 --> 00:46:44,002
He slips out of the trenches
totally unprotected...
526
00:46:44,093 --> 00:46:46,800
Deep into the heart
of no-man's-land.
527
00:46:48,222 --> 00:46:52,966
He's scouting a route fo ensure
his machines won't get stuck in the mud.
528
00:46:57,648 --> 00:47:00,002
I think, when you
look at someone like George patton...
529
00:47:00,026 --> 00:47:01,891
He used intelligence well.
530
00:47:01,986 --> 00:47:04,022
But I think the best thing he did...
531
00:47:04,113 --> 00:47:06,855
Was he turned intelligence
into action very quickly.
532
00:47:08,117 --> 00:47:10,779
George patton's tendency
was for action.
533
00:47:11,871 --> 00:47:15,079
Because he was aggressive,
for him it worked very, very well.
534
00:47:32,641 --> 00:47:35,508
On September 12, 1918...
535
00:47:35,603 --> 00:47:40,017
Paftfon and his forces sweep
onto the battlefield from every angle.
536
00:47:49,533 --> 00:47:52,991
And the Germans hit back
with everything they've got.
537
00:48:00,795 --> 00:48:03,787
But all of patton's intelligence
is paying off...
538
00:48:06,467 --> 00:48:10,255
And his tank brigade begins
fo break down the German line.
539
00:48:27,279 --> 00:48:29,895
Soldier, get on the left flank, now!
540
00:48:29,990 --> 00:48:32,572
- Yes, sir.
- General, Charlie company's advancing.
541
00:48:32,660 --> 00:48:34,400
- Take position on the Ridge.
- Yes, sir.
542
00:48:34,495 --> 00:48:36,281
Keep moving! Keep moving!
543
00:48:40,584 --> 00:48:43,417
Lieutenant George s. Patton,
1st tank brigade.
544
00:48:44,171 --> 00:48:47,208
Brigadier general Douglas MacArthur,
42nd infantry.
545
00:48:48,467 --> 00:48:50,924
General, sir,
they need you at the front.
546
00:48:51,011 --> 00:48:53,172
All right, boys, let's move out!
547
00:48:53,973 --> 00:48:57,386
Patton and MacArthur-
here they are in Saint-mihiel...
548
00:48:57,476 --> 00:48:59,842
And they meet on the battlefield
for the first time...
549
00:49:00,563 --> 00:49:03,350
In the midst of artillery shells
all around them.
550
00:49:03,441 --> 00:49:07,810
You have these two men who are
going to play such an important role...
551
00:49:07,903 --> 00:49:11,191
In shaping the future
of the 20th century...
552
00:49:11,282 --> 00:49:14,570
And they have no idea
what history has in store for them.
553
00:49:18,706 --> 00:49:22,449
MacArthur is from
a long line of military men.
554
00:49:22,543 --> 00:49:26,127
His father was awarded
the congressional medal of honor...
555
00:49:26,213 --> 00:49:28,795
In the American civil war.
556
00:49:28,883 --> 00:49:32,125
No less is expected of his son.
557
00:49:32,219 --> 00:49:35,256
[ Mcchrystal I
Douglas MacArthur would lead attacks...
558
00:49:35,347 --> 00:49:38,680
Walking out into no-man's-land
with a swagger.
559
00:49:38,767 --> 00:49:42,760
He was embodied with
not only tremendous ability...
560
00:49:42,855 --> 00:49:44,436
But also tremendous self-confidence.
561
00:49:44,523 --> 00:49:46,138
Watch the right flank!
562
00:49:46,233 --> 00:49:49,566
[ Mcchrystal I
from an early age, he was different.
563
00:49:49,653 --> 00:49:52,986
- Come on, men.
- He was special.
564
00:49:53,073 --> 00:49:55,940
I don't want to say anointed,
but he may have thought he was.
565
00:50:01,165 --> 00:50:06,285
[ Narrator I the two west point graduates
will be allies and rivals for decades.
566
00:50:06,378 --> 00:50:10,337
I don't think there's any question
that a leader who has experienced war...
567
00:50:10,424 --> 00:50:12,506
And what it means to be in battle...
568
00:50:12,593 --> 00:50:16,427
If you're a military commander,
that experience is invaluable.
569
00:50:17,932 --> 00:50:22,266
How you try to ensure that
in the midst of all of that chaos...
570
00:50:22,353 --> 00:50:24,514
And the killing that's going on...
571
00:50:24,605 --> 00:50:27,597
That you keep your eye on the mission
that has to be accomplished.
572
00:50:27,691 --> 00:50:29,101
That's not easy to do.
573
00:50:34,740 --> 00:50:36,230
Come on! Move, move!
574
00:50:36,325 --> 00:50:39,237
The two men lead the allies to victory...
575
00:50:40,371 --> 00:50:43,078
As the German line crumbles.
576
00:50:46,460 --> 00:50:48,872
And for the first time...
577
00:50:48,963 --> 00:50:51,796
The central powers are on the run.
578
00:51:03,352 --> 00:51:06,890
Just 240 miles away...
579
00:51:06,981 --> 00:51:11,224
Years of trench warfare
have transformed Adolf Hitler...
580
00:51:11,318 --> 00:51:14,401
From a directionless loner
fo a hardened soldier.
581
00:51:20,995 --> 00:51:22,906
Hitler has escaped death twice-
582
00:51:30,337 --> 00:51:32,419
And it's left him a changed man.
583
00:51:57,406 --> 00:52:00,614
Hitler didn't feel at this time
during the first world war...
584
00:52:00,701 --> 00:52:02,942
That he was a man of destiny at all.
585
00:52:04,538 --> 00:52:08,076
What he did feel was a sense of
belonging and a sense of commitment...
586
00:52:08,167 --> 00:52:12,285
And that, I think, made him braver
than he might otherwise have been.
587
00:52:12,379 --> 00:52:16,292
He felt he was fighting
in a really important cause...
588
00:52:16,383 --> 00:52:17,839
The cause of Germany.
589
00:52:18,719 --> 00:52:22,382
[ Narrator I Hitler's ideology
fakes root on the front lines.
590
00:52:23,724 --> 00:52:27,342
He begins to believe in Germany's
superiority over the allies...
591
00:52:28,854 --> 00:52:33,223
And 1s now certain he can withstand
anything the allied forces throw his way.
592
00:52:35,653 --> 00:52:37,769
Gas!
593
00:52:39,406 --> 00:52:42,148
[ Indistinct shouting I
594
00:52:48,749 --> 00:52:50,660
[ Exhales into mask I
595
00:52:50,751 --> 00:52:53,458
the gas attacks are endless.
596
00:52:54,505 --> 00:52:57,247
To Hitler, they have become
almost routine.
597
00:53:07,643 --> 00:53:10,385
But this time it's different
598
00:53:15,150 --> 00:53:19,268
the allies hit the Germans with
a deadly new form of chemical warfare-
599
00:53:20,572 --> 00:53:22,483
mustard gas.
600
00:53:23,242 --> 00:53:26,359
It lingers in the trenches for days...
601
00:53:26,453 --> 00:53:30,617
And attacks both
the respiratory system and the skin.
602
00:53:30,708 --> 00:53:33,040
Mustard gas affects
the central nervous system.
603
00:53:33,127 --> 00:53:36,369
It creates mustard-colored
blisters on the skin.
604
00:53:36,463 --> 00:53:40,331
It blinds people.
It strips away the mucous membranes.
605
00:53:40,426 --> 00:53:44,339
It's incredibly painful
and debilitating...
606
00:53:44,430 --> 00:53:47,263
And since it had no odor,
by the time you realized...
607
00:53:47,349 --> 00:53:50,091
That you had inhaled it
and it was on your skin, it was too late.
608
00:53:58,235 --> 00:54:00,476
[ Ordnance exploding I
609
00:54:02,197 --> 00:54:06,031
[ coughing I
610
00:54:39,026 --> 00:54:40,937
[ Coughing continues I
611
00:54:59,379 --> 00:55:01,961
After three years of bloody war...
612
00:55:02,049 --> 00:55:04,131
The stalemate in Europe
has been broken.
613
00:55:07,554 --> 00:55:09,715
The United States
has joined the fighting...
614
00:55:12,518 --> 00:55:15,385
Giving allied armies the needed boost-
615
00:55:16,647 --> 00:55:19,980
- fire!
- Fall back!
616
00:55:20,067 --> 00:55:24,436
And anving the Germans back to their
original defensive line in northern France.
617
00:55:26,406 --> 00:55:28,647
But the German army
remains powerful...
618
00:55:28,742 --> 00:55:31,859
Meaning the allies
have fo act fast
619
00:55:38,836 --> 00:55:41,168
[ Ordnance exploding I
620
00:55:47,761 --> 00:55:50,093
Brigadier general Douglas MacArthur...
621
00:55:50,180 --> 00:55:52,671
Is seeking every tactical advantage.
622
00:55:56,770 --> 00:55:59,136
[ Mcchrystal I
military leaders are human beings...
623
00:55:59,231 --> 00:56:01,938
That are remarkably different
in personality and background.
624
00:56:03,193 --> 00:56:08,358
Every so often, someone crosses
the constellation of military leaders...
625
00:56:08,448 --> 00:56:12,657
A little bit like a shooting star,
and Douglas MacArthur did that.
626
00:56:14,955 --> 00:56:17,992
[ Narrator I MacArthur learns
of a surveillance photograph...
627
00:56:18,083 --> 00:56:20,199
Of German trenches
along the western front...
628
00:56:22,045 --> 00:56:25,913
That reveals an undetected gap
in the German line.
629
00:56:29,845 --> 00:56:32,587
Where others see
an unbreakable defense...
630
00:56:32,681 --> 00:56:35,718
MacArthur knows
he can exploit that weakness.
631
00:56:39,813 --> 00:56:42,225
Intelligence is essential...
632
00:56:42,316 --> 00:56:44,307
And the more you can get, the better.
633
00:56:44,401 --> 00:56:48,360
But at the end of the day,
it's your instinct as a senior person.
634
00:56:48,447 --> 00:56:51,905
The reason we're wearing stars
or have these elevated positions...
635
00:56:51,992 --> 00:56:56,952
Is we have demonstrated over the years
our ability to have an instinct that works.
636
00:56:58,373 --> 00:57:01,740
[ Narrator I MacArthur is determined
fo break through the line...
637
00:57:01,835 --> 00:57:04,793
And surround the Germans
in their trenches...
638
00:57:07,883 --> 00:57:11,717
Supported by George s. Patfon
and his battalion of tanks.
639
00:57:17,517 --> 00:57:20,600
- In the fall of 1918...
- Come on! Come on!
640
00:57:21,521 --> 00:57:23,682
The allies launch an all-out attack...
641
00:57:25,192 --> 00:57:27,934
- In what will come fo be known-
- Fire!
642
00:57:28,028 --> 00:57:29,939
As the hundred days offensive.
643
00:57:30,864 --> 00:57:34,448
Boosted by MacArthur's men
and patfon's tanks-
644
00:57:34,534 --> 00:57:35,774
get a move! Move! Move!
645
00:57:35,869 --> 00:57:39,111
The allied armies become
the most dominant fighting force...
646
00:57:39,206 --> 00:57:40,867
The war has ever seen.
647
00:57:40,958 --> 00:57:42,744
Press forward!
648
00:57:45,212 --> 00:57:47,703
Both of them had big egos...
649
00:57:47,798 --> 00:57:50,360
But there's no doubt that both of them
were brilliant on the battlefield.
650
00:57:50,384 --> 00:57:52,215
Go on! Keep advancing!
651
00:57:52,302 --> 00:57:57,547
MacArthur was an extraordinarily
talented and effective military leader.
652
00:57:57,641 --> 00:57:58,881
Fire!
653
00:57:58,976 --> 00:58:00,967
Patton, for what he was asked to do...
654
00:58:01,061 --> 00:58:04,428
Which was trying to break out
of the trenches...
655
00:58:04,523 --> 00:58:06,388
There was probably nobody better.
656
00:58:07,985 --> 00:58:12,399
Move! Move!
Come on! Come on! Move! Come on!
657
00:58:14,241 --> 00:58:16,152
Incoming!
658
00:58:20,747 --> 00:58:21,827
Move! Move! Move!
659
00:58:34,845 --> 00:58:39,589
[ Narrator I the allies relentlessly affack
the German line from every direction.
660
00:58:55,032 --> 00:58:57,364
Move! Move! Move! Move!
661
00:58:57,451 --> 00:59:00,989
Come on! Come on!
Let's go! Let's go! Let's go!
662
00:59:03,707 --> 00:59:07,746
After months of fighting,
the allies finally break through-
663
00:59:09,671 --> 00:59:10,877
[ indistinct shouting I
664
00:59:10,964 --> 00:59:13,626
putting the mighty German army
on the run.
665
00:59:14,593 --> 00:59:16,174
Watch it! Watch it!
666
00:59:19,806 --> 00:59:22,263
Finally, with no other options...
667
00:59:22,350 --> 00:59:24,966
Fens of thousands of German soldiers-
668
00:59:25,062 --> 00:59:28,475
lay down their guns-
669
00:59:28,565 --> 00:59:31,398
- hands up!
- And surrender.
670
00:59:35,989 --> 00:59:39,732
You look at the great leaders,
these are men who understood...
671
00:59:39,826 --> 00:59:43,489
The most important resource
they had available to them to fight a war.
672
00:59:43,580 --> 00:59:46,162
Not the weapons, not the planes,
not the tanks.
673
00:59:46,249 --> 00:59:49,582
- It's the soldiers who get it done.
- Go! Move! Move!
674
00:59:49,669 --> 00:59:53,332
And leadership is all about inspiring
your soldiers to achieve a decisive win.
675
01:00:01,181 --> 01:00:03,843
After four years of continuous fighting...
676
01:00:04,976 --> 01:00:08,013
And 37 million casualties...
677
01:00:08,105 --> 01:00:11,017
The two sides agree to a cease-fire.
678
01:00:15,028 --> 01:00:19,112
When the world is shaking
and rearranging itself...
679
01:00:19,199 --> 01:00:21,941
As it does after great events
like the end of a war...
680
01:00:23,120 --> 01:00:24,920
There are a whole range
of different emotions.
681
01:00:24,955 --> 01:00:27,788
The first is exhilaration,
a very personal feeling.
682
01:00:27,874 --> 01:00:31,833
Exhilaration at being part of an event
that is changing the world.
683
01:00:31,920 --> 01:00:34,252
And there's never much time
to look back.
684
01:00:34,339 --> 01:00:36,876
There's always a lot
to look forward to.
685
01:00:42,514 --> 01:00:46,427
[ Narrator I while most of the world
celebrates the end of the fighting...
686
01:00:47,894 --> 01:00:53,605
Some deep in the heart of Germany
refuse to accept defeat.
687
01:00:57,904 --> 01:01:00,896
[ Evans I
Hitler is wounded in a gas attack...
688
01:01:00,991 --> 01:01:02,982
At the very end of the war...
689
01:01:03,076 --> 01:01:06,944
And he was then hospitalized,
temporarily blinded.
690
01:01:07,914 --> 01:01:13,705
“Our people will be losing
the war against the western armies.”
691
01:01:16,131 --> 01:01:18,838
While he was in hospital,
he was then told...
692
01:01:18,925 --> 01:01:21,416
That Germany had lost
the first world war...
693
01:01:22,262 --> 01:01:26,175
And that's a crucial turning point
in Hitler's life.
694
01:01:27,392 --> 01:01:29,007
In Hitler's worldview...
695
01:01:29,102 --> 01:01:32,594
It was always, um, dead or alive.
696
01:01:34,274 --> 01:01:36,185
Win or total defeat.
697
01:01:36,276 --> 01:01:40,189
For him, surrender
was something un-German.
698
01:01:40,280 --> 01:01:43,022
You are a coward somehow
if you surrender.
699
01:01:58,840 --> 01:02:01,297
Hitler took the surrender personally...
700
01:02:04,095 --> 01:02:07,553
A personal destructive blow to himself.
701
01:02:09,643 --> 01:02:12,259
He also took it as a mission.
702
01:02:13,647 --> 01:02:15,478
A mission in life...
703
01:02:15,565 --> 01:02:19,558
To avenge and rectify
this surrender.
704
01:02:32,165 --> 01:02:34,622
After four long and bloody years...
705
01:02:36,503 --> 01:02:38,960
And 37 million casualties...
706
01:02:40,548 --> 01:02:42,914
The United States and the allies...
707
01:02:43,927 --> 01:02:46,168
Have finally claimed victory...
708
01:02:47,430 --> 01:02:49,796
Forcing Germany fo surrender.
709
01:03:00,443 --> 01:03:02,559
But while the fighting has stopped...
710
01:03:02,654 --> 01:03:06,897
The pressure is now on the allied leaders
fo come to an agreement...
711
01:03:07,701 --> 01:03:10,363
Preventing war
from ever breaking out again.
712
01:03:13,373 --> 01:03:17,707
As negotiations fo secure the peace
get under way in France...
713
01:03:19,587 --> 01:03:22,294
Massive crowds
greet the world leaders-
714
01:03:22,382 --> 01:03:24,873
[ cheering I
715
01:03:26,720 --> 01:03:31,134
including United States president
woodrow Wilson.
716
01:03:31,224 --> 01:03:34,387
Woodrow Wilson was the first
President of the United States...
717
01:03:34,477 --> 01:03:37,969
To spend anywhere near six months
outside this country.
718
01:03:38,064 --> 01:03:42,478
He felt that for him to send
anyone else to negotiate the peace...
719
01:03:42,569 --> 01:03:44,480
It would not have been as well done.
720
01:03:44,571 --> 01:03:48,405
Wilson said, "whatever happens
with the settlement of this war...
721
01:03:48,491 --> 01:03:50,698
If it goes well, give me credit.
722
01:03:50,785 --> 01:03:52,741
If it doesn't, blame me.”
723
01:03:54,331 --> 01:03:56,572
[ Carriage approaching I
724
01:03:59,586 --> 01:04:02,248
the leaders gather
at the palace of versailles.
725
01:04:02,339 --> 01:04:05,331
But one country
not invited to the table...
726
01:04:05,425 --> 01:04:07,006
Is Germany.
727
01:04:07,093 --> 01:04:10,085
Gentlemen, please,
please sit down.
728
01:04:11,097 --> 01:04:14,089
If we can start
by considering the points...
729
01:04:14,184 --> 01:04:18,097
Before we discuss
any of the individual ideas or-
730
01:04:18,188 --> 01:04:21,180
the main thing that woodrow Wilson
wanted to accomplish at versailles...
731
01:04:21,274 --> 01:04:24,016
Was defanging Germany...
732
01:04:24,110 --> 01:04:27,819
Not allowing them to develop
a huge war machine again.
733
01:04:27,906 --> 01:04:31,945
This was what the Victors
all wanted to see happen.
734
01:04:32,035 --> 01:04:34,902
But as negotiations get under way...
735
01:04:34,996 --> 01:04:36,657
Wilson quickly realizes...
736
01:04:36,748 --> 01:04:41,208
That each country has come
lo the table with their own agenda.
737
01:04:41,294 --> 01:04:45,913
There were these national leaders
who had different views...
738
01:04:46,007 --> 01:04:50,171
Of what they wanted
out of the Paris peace conference.
739
01:04:50,261 --> 01:04:55,927
They had led their countries
through this brutal, bloody, long war...
740
01:04:56,017 --> 01:04:59,726
And Wilson waltzes in
with the Americans just at the end.
741
01:04:59,813 --> 01:05:03,397
So they had to listen to him...
742
01:05:03,483 --> 01:05:06,816
And Wilson could be
kind of persuasive...
743
01:05:06,903 --> 01:05:08,268
But not that persuasive.
744
01:05:09,406 --> 01:05:11,863
As negotiations drag on for months...
745
01:05:11,950 --> 01:05:13,656
The talks fall apart...
746
01:05:15,453 --> 01:05:17,785
And one allied nation...
747
01:05:18,540 --> 01:05:21,122
Feels completely cut out
of the negotiations.
748
01:05:22,669 --> 01:05:25,627
Japan entered the war in 1974...
749
01:05:26,589 --> 01:05:30,798
Contributing thousands of troops
and millions of dollars to the war effort
750
01:05:33,805 --> 01:05:36,342
they come lo versailles
with one goal-
751
01:05:36,433 --> 01:05:38,424
lo be treated equally.
752
01:05:38,518 --> 01:05:42,636
But allied leaders completely ignore
Japan throughout the proceedings.
753
01:05:44,190 --> 01:05:47,353
And for Japan,
it's the ultimate insult.
754
01:05:47,444 --> 01:05:49,856
The Japanese,
who'd been on the winning side...
755
01:05:49,946 --> 01:05:52,562
Get this slap at the peace conference.
756
01:05:52,657 --> 01:05:55,490
So the Japanese became...
757
01:05:56,453 --> 01:05:59,286
Alienated from the United States...
758
01:05:59,372 --> 01:06:01,488
And from the western powers...
759
01:06:01,583 --> 01:06:04,746
And it was a fairly
straight line from there...
760
01:06:04,836 --> 01:06:08,795
To the belief that,
“if we're going to get any respect...
761
01:06:08,882 --> 01:06:11,589
It's gonna be by fighting
our way to respect.”
762
01:06:19,392 --> 01:06:23,305
The attention shifts
from Wilson's plan for a lasting peace...
763
01:06:24,230 --> 01:06:26,767
Fo a plan focused
on punishing Germany...
764
01:06:28,193 --> 01:06:31,105
Forcing them fo pay
for the devastation they've caused.
765
01:06:31,988 --> 01:06:34,821
The reparations
that were demanded of Germany...
766
01:06:34,908 --> 01:06:36,899
Were astronomical.
767
01:06:36,993 --> 01:06:41,327
It was a matter of, “we're gonna squeeze
as much out of Germany as we can.”
768
01:06:41,414 --> 01:06:44,451
Well, there were some
on the American side who said...
769
01:06:44,542 --> 01:06:48,000
“We are making the next war inevitable.”
770
01:06:48,087 --> 01:06:49,827
Wilson worked against that.
771
01:06:49,923 --> 01:06:53,757
Wilson wanted a somewhat
more reasonable peace...
772
01:06:53,843 --> 01:06:58,758
And he wanted the Germans to feel
that they had a stake...
773
01:06:58,848 --> 01:07:02,340
In the continuation
of the versailles system.
774
01:07:02,435 --> 01:07:05,427
The problem with the treaty
as it was finalized was...
775
01:07:05,522 --> 01:07:07,433
Germany had no stake in that system...
776
01:07:07,524 --> 01:07:10,607
And had every interest
in overturning the system.
777
01:07:11,736 --> 01:07:14,352
[ Narrator I despite Wilson's
best efforts, he is unable...
778
01:07:14,447 --> 01:07:17,610
Fo convince the other allies
fo buy info his plan for peace.
779
01:07:20,537 --> 01:07:23,529
After six months
of infense negotiations...
780
01:07:23,623 --> 01:07:26,239
The allies finally have a treaty.
781
01:07:28,628 --> 01:07:32,587
But the final agreement is far
from the fair and equitable plan...
782
01:07:32,674 --> 01:07:34,665
Wilson had originally hoped for.
783
01:07:35,760 --> 01:07:39,127
The losers, Germany principally,
they were there.
784
01:07:39,222 --> 01:07:42,555
They didn't get to speak.
They weren't asked to contribute.
785
01:07:42,642 --> 01:07:46,180
They were basically-
they had a gun put at their heads-
786
01:07:46,271 --> 01:07:48,728
well, figuratively,
almost literally-
787
01:07:48,815 --> 01:07:50,735
and said, “you're gonna sign
on the dotted line.”
788
01:07:50,817 --> 01:07:53,354
It was very much a Victors' peace.
789
01:07:53,444 --> 01:07:55,981
The Victors dictated
the terms of the peace.
790
01:07:56,072 --> 01:07:58,233
They made out like bandits.
791
01:08:06,165 --> 01:08:07,905
Europe is finally at peace.
792
01:08:09,460 --> 01:08:12,042
But while most of the world celebrates...
793
01:08:12,839 --> 01:08:16,548
Germany is ordered to pay the allies
over $80 billion...
794
01:08:16,634 --> 01:08:20,877
The modern equivalent
of nearly half a trillion dollars...
795
01:08:20,972 --> 01:08:24,009
A aebt they won't pay off until 2010.
796
01:08:25,184 --> 01:08:28,642
As a result, the government
quickly goes bankrupt...
797
01:08:28,730 --> 01:08:31,062
Leaving millions of Germans
impoverished.
798
01:08:36,029 --> 01:08:41,194
The economic devastation completely
transforms the country and its people.
799
01:08:43,536 --> 01:08:47,120
Germany immediately
is struggling with a question of survival.
800
01:08:47,206 --> 01:08:50,994
For ordinary Germans,
the war did not end in November 1918.
801
01:08:51,085 --> 01:08:53,292
For ordinary Germans,
the battle for survival...
802
01:08:53,379 --> 01:08:57,213
The daily struggle for food,
the effort to find shoes and clothing...
803
01:08:57,300 --> 01:08:59,882
Stretched on into the 1920s.
804
01:09:01,679 --> 01:09:03,965
As the anger and starvation spread...
805
01:09:04,057 --> 01:09:06,469
Tensions rise throughout the country.
806
01:09:06,559 --> 01:09:08,641
[ Shouting I
807
01:09:08,728 --> 01:09:12,312
Germany is in a state
of near civil war.
808
01:09:12,398 --> 01:09:15,481
The left and the right
are fighting each other in the streets.
809
01:09:15,568 --> 01:09:17,729
Paramilitary groups clash.
810
01:09:17,820 --> 01:09:21,233
Germany is a country
divided against itself.
811
01:09:25,078 --> 01:09:27,319
When world war I came to an end...
812
01:09:29,248 --> 01:09:31,409
This is not a treaty.
813
01:09:31,501 --> 01:09:35,085
This is an armistice
that'll probably last 20 years.
814
01:09:38,675 --> 01:09:42,259
Meaning we have not really
defeated the German spirit.
815
01:09:44,806 --> 01:09:47,843
We have not really solved
this problem.
816
01:09:59,487 --> 01:10:01,694
With the fighting stopped...
817
01:10:03,157 --> 01:10:05,899
The trealy for peace
is signed at versailles...
818
01:10:07,787 --> 01:10:09,994
[ Cheering I
819
01:10:10,081 --> 01:10:13,198
and for the first time
in over four years...
820
01:10:13,292 --> 01:10:14,953
Europe is at peace.
821
01:10:16,796 --> 01:10:19,583
While celebrations erupt
around the world...
822
01:10:20,466 --> 01:10:22,752
Germany is in a state of unrest...
823
01:10:23,720 --> 01:10:27,008
And many are convinced
that the peace won't hold.
824
01:10:34,981 --> 01:10:37,518
Among them is Winston Churchill.
825
01:10:40,486 --> 01:10:43,569
Having just returned to england
from the front lines...
826
01:10:44,449 --> 01:10:47,361
He sets out fo reestablish
his political career...
827
01:10:47,452 --> 01:10:50,740
Narrowly winning reelection
fo his old seat in parliament.
828
01:10:51,831 --> 01:10:56,074
There were a lot of doubts about Churchill.
He seemed erratic in his judgments.
829
01:10:56,169 --> 01:10:59,707
His decision in respect
to the gallipoli campaign...
830
01:10:59,797 --> 01:11:02,129
Had disastrous consequences.
831
01:11:02,216 --> 01:11:05,925
But it was in war that he proved
his leadership credentials...
832
01:11:06,846 --> 01:11:08,962
And that's what transformed him.
833
01:11:10,600 --> 01:11:12,431
Churchill returns to government...
834
01:11:12,518 --> 01:11:15,931
Convinced the German threat
hasn't gone away.
835
01:11:22,487 --> 01:11:25,354
After leading his troops
to victory in France...
836
01:11:25,448 --> 01:11:27,359
Brigadier general Douglas MacArthur...
837
01:11:27,450 --> 01:11:30,613
Is given one of the most prestigious
positions in the armed forces-
838
01:11:30,703 --> 01:11:32,785
- will you be late again?
- No, sir!
839
01:11:32,872 --> 01:11:36,410
Superintendent of
the military academy, west point...
840
01:11:36,501 --> 01:11:40,790
Where he immediately gets fo work
preparing American soldiers for combat...
841
01:11:40,880 --> 01:11:42,962
In case the peace fails.
842
01:11:47,345 --> 01:11:49,677
240 miles away...
843
01:11:49,764 --> 01:11:52,597
At his tank academy
in camp Meade, Maryland...
844
01:11:52,683 --> 01:11:54,423
Colonel George s. Paftfon-
845
01:11:54,519 --> 01:11:55,929
ready!
846
01:11:56,020 --> 01:11:59,387
Is also training the next generation
of American soldiers.
847
01:11:59,482 --> 01:12:01,143
Aim!
848
01:12:01,734 --> 01:12:05,898
Ana, like MacArthur, he's betting
the cease-fire won't last
849
01:12:05,988 --> 01:12:07,524
- fire!
- [ Gunshots I
850
01:12:09,325 --> 01:12:11,031
- fire!
- [ Gunshots I
851
01:12:11,118 --> 01:12:12,779
fire!
852
01:12:12,870 --> 01:12:14,826
- Fire!
- [ Gunshots I
853
01:12:16,874 --> 01:12:18,830
[ church bell ringing I
854
01:12:18,918 --> 01:12:20,203
[ narrator I in Italy...
855
01:12:20,294 --> 01:12:23,252
One man sees the end of the fighting
as an opportunity.
856
01:12:25,466 --> 01:12:29,459
Benifo Mussolini returns fo his job
as a newspaper journalist...
857
01:12:29,554 --> 01:12:33,467
But the country he fought to protect
ls now in disarray.
858
01:12:34,809 --> 01:12:37,425
The Italians came out of the war
on the winning side...
859
01:12:37,520 --> 01:12:40,853
But failed to gain the territory
they'd expected to gain...
860
01:12:40,940 --> 01:12:45,855
And there's a sense of outrage about this
amongst Italian nationalists...
861
01:12:45,945 --> 01:12:49,028
A sense, almost,
that Italy has lost the war...
862
01:12:49,115 --> 01:12:52,027
Despite being on the winning side.
863
01:12:53,369 --> 01:12:57,612
[ Narrator I Mussolini uses his newspaper
to convey his view of a new Italy-
864
01:12:57,707 --> 01:12:59,413
that under a strong leader...
865
01:12:59,500 --> 01:13:02,617
The country can regain
the glory of the Roman empire.
866
01:13:03,629 --> 01:13:06,211
He believes he can be that leader...
867
01:13:07,925 --> 01:13:10,712
The man who returns Italy
fo greatness.
868
01:13:15,850 --> 01:13:18,341
He soon brings
his antigovernment views...
869
01:13:20,354 --> 01:13:23,391
Fo a new medium. Radio.
870
01:13:24,483 --> 01:13:29,443
We have actually been at war since we
lifted the flag of our revolution...
871
01:13:29,530 --> 01:13:33,773
Which was then defended
by a handful of men...
872
01:13:33,868 --> 01:13:38,908
Against the masonic,
Democratic, capitalistic world.
873
01:13:40,333 --> 01:13:42,915
[ Evans I
Mussolini was a man of strong words.
874
01:13:43,002 --> 01:13:47,041
He liked the idea of overthrowing
existing institutions.
875
01:13:47,131 --> 01:13:50,419
He favored the use of violence
to do this.
876
01:13:54,013 --> 01:13:56,174
To make his vision a reality...
877
01:13:56,265 --> 01:13:59,849
Mussolini forms a band
of disgruntled former soldiers...
878
01:14:00,937 --> 01:14:02,427
Called the blackshiris...
879
01:14:03,856 --> 01:14:06,518
Who terrorize his political opponents...
880
01:14:06,609 --> 01:14:09,976
And begin preparing
for an armed revolution.
881
01:14:12,323 --> 01:14:15,360
In a matter of months,
Mussolini has launched a movement...
882
01:14:16,661 --> 01:14:19,323
That is about fo change
the fate of Italy.
883
01:14:23,709 --> 01:14:26,166
[ Carriage approaching I
884
01:14:31,801 --> 01:14:34,417
Lance corporal Adolf Hitler.
885
01:14:34,512 --> 01:14:37,049
- Sir.
- Sit down.
886
01:14:39,058 --> 01:14:41,390
- So you're looking for work?
- Yes, sir.
887
01:14:41,477 --> 01:14:44,219
- I'm ready for duty.
- I understand.
888
01:14:44,897 --> 01:14:48,310
Unfortunately, I have nothing.
889
01:14:48,401 --> 01:14:49,641
Nothing?
890
01:14:49,735 --> 01:14:52,568
There is no work.
The war is over.
891
01:14:54,407 --> 01:14:56,523
There has to be something.
892
01:14:58,577 --> 01:15:01,489
After all I've done.
After all I've given.
893
01:15:05,918 --> 01:15:09,661
There is a new political group in town,
the German workers' party.
894
01:15:10,923 --> 01:15:14,962
We need to find out more about them
and what their intentions are.
895
01:15:16,387 --> 01:15:17,502
Yes, sir.
896
01:15:17,596 --> 01:15:19,507
Try to not stand out.
897
01:15:26,272 --> 01:15:29,059
The versailles treaty
caused the economic conditions...
898
01:15:29,150 --> 01:15:31,186
Which gave rise to extremism.
899
01:15:32,611 --> 01:15:35,819
You find in history
that when the economy is terrible...
900
01:15:35,906 --> 01:15:40,115
It gives rise to all kinds
of different extremist organizations.
901
01:15:48,252 --> 01:15:51,460
[ Narrator I Hitler is assigned
fo infiltrate the German workers' party...
902
01:15:53,090 --> 01:15:55,877
One of many anfigovernment
organizations...
903
01:15:55,968 --> 01:15:57,833
That have formed
in the wake of the treaty.
904
01:15:57,928 --> 01:16:00,840
[ Chattering continues I
905
01:16:04,393 --> 01:16:07,806
for months, he attends
secret meetings...
906
01:16:07,897 --> 01:16:11,060
Held at undisclosed locations
throughout the country.
907
01:16:12,777 --> 01:16:15,689
They've signed away our army.
908
01:16:17,156 --> 01:16:20,193
The versalilles treaty
is not my treaty.
909
01:16:22,328 --> 01:16:26,992
It's as if nothing had happened,
as if we are forgotten.
910
01:16:31,128 --> 01:16:33,289
[ Narrator I
but Hitler soon realizes...
911
01:16:33,380 --> 01:16:35,587
There are radical nationalists...
912
01:16:35,674 --> 01:16:38,290
Intensely loyal fo the fatherland...
913
01:16:38,385 --> 01:16:43,345
And many of them harbor
extremist views of German superiority...
914
01:16:44,350 --> 01:16:47,012
Views that are no different
from his own.
915
01:16:48,229 --> 01:16:52,017
There was never really an effort
to deal with all of the damage...
916
01:16:52,108 --> 01:16:54,645
That had occurred during world war I.
917
01:16:57,613 --> 01:17:00,104
The failure to do that...
918
01:17:00,199 --> 01:17:03,487
I think, is what ultimately produced
the seeds for Hitler...
919
01:17:04,286 --> 01:17:05,901
And nazism.
920
01:17:07,623 --> 01:17:11,491
Germany as a whole is dead.
921
01:17:13,170 --> 01:17:15,786
It has nothing left in its heart.
922
01:17:17,633 --> 01:17:20,420
There are riots on the streets.
923
01:17:20,511 --> 01:17:23,548
There is no Germany left to fight for.
924
01:17:25,224 --> 01:17:28,341
Germany must break apart.
925
01:17:29,353 --> 01:17:33,266
It is only through this
that we can survive.
926
01:17:33,357 --> 01:17:35,097
No Germany?
927
01:17:35,192 --> 01:17:37,353
Yes, there's nothing left to fight for.
928
01:17:38,028 --> 01:17:40,610
“There's nothing left to fight for”
are the famous last words...
929
01:17:40,698 --> 01:17:43,280
Of every turncoat
in the history of warfare.
930
01:17:45,077 --> 01:17:48,114
The weak among us
turn to such excuses...
931
01:17:48,205 --> 01:17:50,321
And abandon our pride and hope...
932
01:17:50,416 --> 01:17:54,125
When it is only unity that separates
the Victors from the defeated.
933
01:17:55,754 --> 01:17:58,587
Clearly you have stopped fighting...
934
01:17:58,674 --> 01:18:02,587
But we are still fighting
Germany's great war, our war...
935
01:18:02,678 --> 01:18:04,418
For what we deserve-
936
01:18:05,598 --> 01:18:07,930
a united Germany...
937
01:18:08,017 --> 01:18:11,100
A strong, proud Germany.
938
01:18:12,062 --> 01:18:14,053
Germany is a sleeping giant...
939
01:18:15,274 --> 01:18:19,688
And once we rid our nation
of the spineless frauds among us...
940
01:18:19,778 --> 01:18:22,110
And alongside
the criminals of versailles...
941
01:18:22,198 --> 01:18:25,281
We will once again know greatness.
942
01:18:56,815 --> 01:18:58,897
After four years of war...
943
01:19:00,319 --> 01:19:02,810
A tenuous peace holds.
944
01:19:02,905 --> 01:19:05,237
[ Birds squawking I
945
01:19:05,324 --> 01:19:08,191
but anger and resentment
are spreading...
946
01:19:11,455 --> 01:19:14,162
And shots are about fo be fired again.
947
01:19:15,251 --> 01:19:18,118
[ Applause I
948
01:19:26,679 --> 01:19:29,887
Adolf Hitler leaves the German army...
949
01:19:31,016 --> 01:19:34,634
Fo fully devote himself
fo the antigovernment workers' party.
950
01:19:37,189 --> 01:19:40,022
Our Germany is dead,
and you have conspired-
951
01:19:40,109 --> 01:19:44,273
his popularity and fiery rhetoric
make him stand out in the group-
952
01:19:47,283 --> 01:19:50,446
and he's promoted
fo the head of propaganda.
953
01:19:55,541 --> 01:19:59,830
We'll call ourselves
the national socialist party!
954
01:20:02,715 --> 01:20:04,296
Under Hitlers leadership...
955
01:20:04,383 --> 01:20:08,968
Membership in the national
socialist party quickly expands...
956
01:20:09,054 --> 01:20:12,467
As Hitler experiences
his first taste of real power.
957
01:20:15,144 --> 01:20:17,806
Germany has every right
to rise to glory.
958
01:20:18,856 --> 01:20:21,142
There are many reports
from fairly early on...
959
01:20:21,233 --> 01:20:23,565
About Hitler's charisma as a speaker.
960
01:20:23,652 --> 01:20:26,985
And he gradually came to realize...
961
01:20:27,072 --> 01:20:29,609
That he was indeed a powerful speaker...
962
01:20:29,700 --> 01:20:32,157
Far more powerful
than anyone else around...
963
01:20:32,244 --> 01:20:34,326
And began to use that as an asset.
964
01:20:36,582 --> 01:20:39,494
To cast all Germany under his spell...
965
01:20:39,585 --> 01:20:43,874
Hitler needs an image
that will burn into the minds of millions.
966
01:20:44,882 --> 01:20:47,168
Nowadays
we'd call it a logo, of course.
967
01:20:47,259 --> 01:20:49,170
It was designed personally
by Hitler...
968
01:20:49,261 --> 01:20:53,425
And it may be that he put
some of his artistic impulses into this.
969
01:20:54,391 --> 01:20:57,383
The essential part of it, ultimately,
went back to India...
970
01:20:57,478 --> 01:21:02,017
But it was taken up as a symbol
of racism and anti-semitism...
971
01:21:02,107 --> 01:21:05,270
Combined with the red background
for socialism...
972
01:21:05,361 --> 01:21:08,228
And the red, white and black colors
for the old kaiserreich.
973
01:21:22,002 --> 01:21:25,119
[ Church bell ringing I
974
01:21:27,841 --> 01:21:31,754
[ narrator I while Hitler is still
in the early stages of his revolution...
975
01:21:31,845 --> 01:21:35,758
Benifo Mussolini has already amassed
an army of followers...
976
01:21:36,975 --> 01:21:39,967
And is ready to take Italy by force.
977
01:21:45,776 --> 01:21:48,062
[ Shouting I
978
01:21:48,153 --> 01:21:51,566
for seven days
in October of 1922...
979
01:21:51,657 --> 01:21:53,989
In a massive show of his popularity...
980
01:21:57,162 --> 01:22:01,280
Mussolini leads a march
of 30,000 blackshirts info Rome.
981
01:22:03,669 --> 01:22:06,877
With the people behind him,
Mussolini and the blackshirts...
982
01:22:06,964 --> 01:22:10,331
Storm the royal palace,
forcing the king of Italy...
983
01:22:10,426 --> 01:22:12,462
Fo hand over control
of the government.
984
01:22:15,681 --> 01:22:19,765
Mussolini came to power
in Italy in 1922.
985
01:22:19,852 --> 01:22:24,937
His successful march on Rome
was eased by the process...
986
01:22:25,023 --> 01:22:28,936
Of expanding ego and adulation...
987
01:22:29,027 --> 01:22:31,484
By the people around Mussolini...
988
01:22:31,572 --> 01:22:35,360
And then eventually most of
the public opinion in the country.
989
01:22:37,995 --> 01:22:42,034
This is a dangerous process.
990
01:22:43,542 --> 01:22:46,204
[ Narrator I in just months,
Mussolini has been transformed...
991
01:22:46,295 --> 01:22:51,039
From a newspaper journalist
fo the most powerful man in Italy.
992
01:22:56,722 --> 01:22:59,054
600 miles fo the north...
993
01:23:00,267 --> 01:23:03,555
Adolf Hitler is watching
everything Mussolini has done...
994
01:23:04,813 --> 01:23:08,556
And he wants that same
ultimate power for himself.
995
01:23:09,902 --> 01:23:12,644
So he amasses an army of his own.
996
01:23:13,780 --> 01:23:18,274
Hitler does seem early to have been
very impressed by Mussolini...
997
01:23:18,368 --> 01:23:19,949
And indeed by the march on Rome.
998
01:23:20,913 --> 01:23:25,282
His rise to power was modeled on what
the Italian fascists had done in Italy.
999
01:23:26,627 --> 01:23:29,243
[ Narrator I
on November 8, 1923...
1000
01:23:30,214 --> 01:23:33,206
Hitler leads the Nazis
into a Munich beer hall...
1001
01:23:34,593 --> 01:23:37,710
Where top government officials
are meeting.
1002
01:23:39,264 --> 01:23:41,721
[ Men chattering I
1003
01:23:46,438 --> 01:23:50,932
Germany is dead,
and you have conspired to kill her!
1004
01:23:51,610 --> 01:23:54,477
You have crushed her
with your incompetence.
1005
01:23:54,571 --> 01:23:56,812
You have bled her
with your corruption.
1006
01:24:00,869 --> 01:24:04,453
You have profaned her by consorting
with degenerate peoples!
1007
01:24:05,499 --> 01:24:08,957
No more!
The revolution has begun!
1008
01:24:13,882 --> 01:24:15,713
Join us now...
1009
01:24:15,801 --> 01:24:19,965
As we give birth to a new Germany!
1010
01:24:21,807 --> 01:24:26,016
You watch him, and you think
of how Adolf Hitler...
1011
01:24:26,103 --> 01:24:30,392
Was able to do that,
to get other people to follow him.
1012
01:24:31,358 --> 01:24:33,974
I think it was partly because...
1013
01:24:34,069 --> 01:24:36,214
He could persuade people
that that was a good thing to do...
1014
01:24:36,238 --> 01:24:39,321
And partly because
people were intimidated by him.
1015
01:24:39,408 --> 01:24:42,992
[ Crowd chanting I
1016
01:24:46,999 --> 01:24:49,331
after storming the beer hall...
1017
01:24:49,418 --> 01:24:52,581
Hitler leads the Nazis
nfo the streels...
1018
01:24:52,671 --> 01:24:55,208
Lo fake the city by force.
1019
01:24:58,677 --> 01:25:03,171
But unlike in Italy,
the German police are prepared.
1020
01:25:03,265 --> 01:25:04,265
Halt!
1021
01:25:06,101 --> 01:25:07,136
Ready!
1022
01:25:12,983 --> 01:25:13,983
Aim!
1023
01:25:17,863 --> 01:25:19,228
Join us!
1024
01:25:24,703 --> 01:25:27,069
The national socialist party...
1025
01:25:27,164 --> 01:25:29,075
Is taking over the government!
1026
01:26:21,593 --> 01:26:23,254
[ Narrator I unlike Mussolini...
1027
01:26:24,429 --> 01:26:27,887
Hitler's attempt fo seize power
is a failure...
1028
01:26:27,974 --> 01:26:31,432
And he's arrested
and charged with treason.
1029
01:26:31,520 --> 01:26:36,856
He spends his fime in prison
plotting his next move.
1030
01:26:36,942 --> 01:26:41,151
[ Hitler dictating, indistinct I
1031
01:26:47,786 --> 01:26:51,153
To gain followers
and to spread his message...
1032
01:26:52,916 --> 01:26:55,498
Hitler creates a manifesto...
1033
01:26:56,962 --> 01:27:01,877
The heart of which is a radical plan
for world domination.
1034
01:27:02,676 --> 01:27:04,291
What we must fight for...
1035
01:27:05,637 --> 01:27:08,549
Is to safeguard the existence...
1036
01:27:11,143 --> 01:27:13,850
And the reproduction
of our race and our people.
1037
01:27:35,375 --> 01:27:38,412
Coming up on the world wars-
1038
01:27:38,503 --> 01:27:42,246
the fighting may have stopped,
but the war isn't over.
1039
01:27:43,467 --> 01:27:47,801
Out of a great global depression,
a new generation of leader emerges.
1040
01:27:47,888 --> 01:27:50,595
We must reverse the treaty of versailles.
1041
01:27:50,682 --> 01:27:53,424
Let these chains be burst asunder.
1042
01:27:53,518 --> 01:27:55,054
[ Applause I
1043
01:27:56,021 --> 01:27:58,512
[ narrator I while some are desperate
fo maintain the peace-
1044
01:27:58,607 --> 01:28:00,518
none of these people, general...
1045
01:28:00,609 --> 01:28:02,895
Want me putting money
towards the next war.
1046
01:28:02,986 --> 01:28:05,602
Others rise from the ashes...
1047
01:28:05,697 --> 01:28:09,940
Looking fo reignite a great global war.
1048
01:28:10,035 --> 01:28:14,745
Hitler is far more dangerous
than anything we've ever faced before!
1049
01:28:17,876 --> 01:28:19,787
Bomb every city...
1050
01:28:21,630 --> 01:28:24,588
Every town, every village.
1051
01:28:24,674 --> 01:28:26,335
We will annihilate them.
1052
01:28:27,260 --> 01:28:29,467
And as the fighting breaks out again...
1053
01:28:29,554 --> 01:28:33,092
It's not a request.
It's a damned order.
1054
01:28:33,183 --> 01:28:37,643
The fate of mankind
hangs in the balance.
1055
01:28:39,940 --> 01:28:42,807
It's time to end America's threat
once and for all.
86628
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