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louis xiv so powerful he took his name
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from the sun itself so dominant he made
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the haughty astera stir Kratz bend to
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his will so insatiable that no one
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mistress could satisfy him for long
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[Music]
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throughout a long and turbulent life Yui
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sought magnificence in all things he
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strived for it in love in battle and in
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art but above all he wanted magnificence
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at versailles by creating a building so
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spectacular it would outshine any palace
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on earth taken from intimate memoirs and
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official records this is the story of
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how a king's obsession created one of
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the wonders of the world
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[Music]
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it started in a swamp it was here in a
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stretch of mosquito infested marshland
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the Louie the 27 year old King of France
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decided to construct his new palace near
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a small and unremarkable country town
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called Versailles his courtiers were far
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from impressed it was almost as though
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Louis had deliberately picked the worst
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possible site for his magnificent palace
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in order to prove to the world that his
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will was was greater than nature
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[Music]
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Louie had a sentimental reason for
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choosing Versailles it was the site of
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his father's old hunting lodge and as a
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boy he played and hunted beer
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the original Chateau of Lewis father was
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on top of her Hill the problem if you
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wanted to turn it into a whacking great
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palace was that you weren't going to be
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building on flat land Louie was told
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this is not a great place for a big
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expansion of your father's chateau as a
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monarch with absolute power Louie wasn't
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used to being told what to do and he
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didn't much like it mr. Silverstein
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[Music]
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O'Donnell's editor from the outset Louie
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was thinking big
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he started by hiring the greatest
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architect of the age Louis Louisville to
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transform the hunting lodge into the
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palace of his dreams
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[Music]
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Louis was to devote much of his energy
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to his new project but he was always
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sure to make time for his other great
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passion although married to Queen Mary
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Torres he had numerous Affairs his
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current mistress was a young
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aristocratic beauty called Louise de
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l'avenir you know vinegar
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Louise attitude towards women was one of
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tremendous enthusiasm he really loved
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women
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he didn't just love them for sex he
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loved their company he loved the
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conversation he loved their elegance he
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loved women who were witty and refined
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most of all I think he loved women
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because they teased him and made him
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laugh he loved he had a tremendous
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sexual appetite he would quite often if
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his mistress was too slow in taking her
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dress off have a turn with her ladies
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made while he was waiting or a passing
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servant in in the corridor at Versailles
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he made love the way he did everything
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else with enormous gusto a French King
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was expected to have a mistress and it
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sort of symbolized the virility of the
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nation and you know a hundred years
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later pour lui the 16th the French were
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furious with him because he didn't have
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a mistress was Louise de la Valliere was
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near the forty its first official
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mistress she was a lady in waiting at
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the court she was guileless charming
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daughter over good family and she adored
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the King and it was irresistible
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because she convinced him quite
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genuinely that she loved him for himself
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and I think this is what the young king
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wanted to hear I think he had a very
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good time
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Louise was very important to him he did
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love her they have two children together
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he made her a duchess but it was it was
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a young man's crush rather than a
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profound passion whatever his feelings
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for Louise Louie was always careful to
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fulfill all of his obligations to his
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wife his marriage to Queen Mary to Fez
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was politically vital it had ensured
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peace between France and Spain for many
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years and he needed to father children
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with her to ensure that his dynasty
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lived on Louie did feel the duty towards
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the Queen he made love to her frequently
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and she would always have a special Mass
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said the day afterwards and everybody
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would nudge each other at court because
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she looked very pleased as she came into
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the chapel he was attentive to her
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polite to her they they had children
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together but she simply didn't have the
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looks or the education or the spirit or
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the charm to captivate a man like that
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she accepted his infidelity as did most
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royal and aristocratic women at the time
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as being part of of marriage Louise
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mosquito bit and courtiers also had to
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accept their King for what he was like
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all 17th century monarchs Louis believed
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himself appointed directly by God yes
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you said she could you know minnekopa me
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about it Sean on the ship one cause the
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year on the two conceded that very Bruma
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and the two deviance nobody could tell
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him what to do he was quite simply the
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only power in the realm and having had
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this consciousness since he was a very
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very small child I think it meant that
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he was without any arrogance or hubris
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of the opinion that he was pretty much a
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God himself
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Laveau's plans for the remodeling of
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Versailles were complete and ready to
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present to his demanding boss
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[Music]
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Louis certainly knew that what he wanted
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was a building which had that shock and
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awe effect there's absolutely no doubt
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that he wanted a building that would be
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sensational Laveau's model was
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impressive but had a major flaw he
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planned to destroy the old hunting lodge
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selamat Iman telmanovo the idea with the
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four enables to keep always little
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shadow of his father so that was a
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problem for an architect because
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architects prefer to destroy everything
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and to build the new new building so
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Louis and the architect away and he told
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him I want this Sutra to preserved with
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the constrain anacondas so la víctima de
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Virginia no please leave a like animal
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demo Perez also to Cocoplum preservation
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chateau
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[Music]
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with Laveau sent back to the drawing
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board Louis turned his attention to the
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landscape he wanted to expand the
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existing garden adding ornamental lakes
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and groves lined with dazzling fountains
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but he'd picked an awful sight there
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were no views it's hemmed in by the
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sides of Valley and also Versailles
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wasn't naturally endowed the region with
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the sort of trees which Lily wanted for
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his garden Louis chief gardener was the
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century's most celebrated landscape
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designer on trail or not versailles
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would be the greatest challenge of his
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career but the Sun King did not want to
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wait for his earthly paradise all of his
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trees to grow from saplings Luther 14
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wanted results and he wanted them fast
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this was really a theme of the whole
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sort of project fair sight and the
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solution was to uproot mature trees from
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other parts of France and bring them in
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in a special contraption was invented a
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horse-drawn contraption which would
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allow these mature trees to be
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transported on and you can imagine these
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terribly bad roads from other provinces
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[Applause]
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with major new building work on hold
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Louis instructed Laveau to upgrade the
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interior of FSI on his inspection tours
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knew he was accompanied by his entourage
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including mistress Louise de la Valliere
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but Louise now had a rival
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and then a futuristic as real as my plus
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it's a poem Adam came a class again to
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report on the pseudo vote
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softly Radomir world of innocent Libya
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world avenues NEPA the computers
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[Music]
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dr. McGuire
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the former that obstinacy damage is a
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companion after a while he became quite
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bored with Louise and she hung around at
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court desperate to try and get his
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attention back she never really did so I
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think she probably suffered quite a lot
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I think the king could pick and choose
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power is a great aphrodisiac and a crown
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even more so
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so naturally I think he picked very
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beautiful women Louie liked to display
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his power after winning a war against
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Spain he celebrated with a huge party in
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the gardens of si
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[Music]
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it was also a chance for the King to
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show off the woman who had now replaced
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Louise as his favorite mistress
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her name was Madame de Monte small and
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she was one of the most beautiful women
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in France Louis like my gosh you could t
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result adequately give us a majestic
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pamper that don't come before it is even
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not despise such an attractive figure I
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think she was a tremendous goer she
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loved everything to do with pleasure
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she loved jewels and she liked marvelous
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clothes she liked food flowers gardening
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and above all she liked sex you see and
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he did too so he found but they are
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absolutely the right maitre Santi for
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him
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[Music]
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and she knew about having wonderful
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feastin about having entertainments so
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she was exactly the kind of person Louie
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envisaged as being suitable same time
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she was so beautiful that ambassadors
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thought she contributed to the legend of
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the sound King the Sun Kings festivities
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were about more than pleasure
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they had real political significance
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Louis was slowly turning his new palace
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into the most important and the most
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fashionable seat of power in Europe
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the party's at Versailles they've been
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described as pagan masses fireworks
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rides along the canal in gondolas balls
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for 3,000 people under the stars plays
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ballets with a hundred dancers by Lully
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everything you could possibly imagine
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all at once in the Ennis tremendous
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circus of celebration for the King the
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Kings former mistress Louise eventually
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gave up trying to win him back after
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years of neglect she decided to enter a
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convent leaving behind the children
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she'd had with lewy I don't think she
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felt guilt about leaving them behind
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because she knew that they were going to
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be very well treated
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so I don't think she felt that kind of
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guilt because I think her big guilt she
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wanted to expel which with penance and
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fasting and all that in the convent and
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when she finally got away I think she
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was much happier
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she became a very hard like nun you know
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hair cut hair shirt praying and
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repentance and typical generally ended
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her life more or less in the area of
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sanctity because Louie was spending more
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and more time at their side he decided
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to move his entire government there to
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accommodate the new officials Laveau
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suggested a brand new idea keeping the
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old hunting lodge but enclosing it with
276
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massive new buildings on three sides the
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design was known as the envelope
278
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the Chateau was preserved but it was
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enveloped in this new building in a
280
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completely different star which looked
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like a palace what he also did with
282
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Laveau was to build pavilions for his
283
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ministers now this was very important
284
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what this meant was that for the first
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time
286
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Versailles could function as a seat of
287
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monarchy a place from which the king
288
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could govern
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[Music]
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building the envelope was a massive task
291
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requiring thousands of workers
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[Music]
293
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the largest number workers were 40,000
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people at the same time it was a very
295
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dangerous place also because the the
296
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work to be done was not done in a secure
297
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way of course it was with accidents and
298
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people dying
299
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Louis was impatient to get the job done
300
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quickly work went on day and night there
301
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was no health and safety regime and the
302
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workers who were most at risk were the
303
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ones who were working high up so for
304
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instance the roofers the carpenters we
305
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do know that there were a lot of
306
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accidents on site
307
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[Music]
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there were times when the death rate the
309
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mortality rate was high and in order not
310
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to demoralize the workforce the corpses
311
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would be removed at night
312
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[Music]
313
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Louise mistress Madame de Montespan
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was already married but that didn't stop
315
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her spending most of her time with the
316
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king and he made sure she got the VIP
317
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treatment she had a suite of 20 rooms
318
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whereas the Queen had to make do with
319
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eleven
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they were gorgeously appointed and he
321
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spent a lot of time in them they
322
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included a bathroom most unusual for the
323
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time in which apparently he in my own
324
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demand his fall spent many happy hours
325
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despite her elevated status Montes pond
326
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find it hard to share lui even with his
327
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own wife Ellen I love the Oval as they
328
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boast you'll fall in love
329
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[Music]
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incivility I don't think she was really
331
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jealous of the Queen because after all
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she had everything of Lewis real love
333
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and she knew it
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but I think she made scenes about the
335
0:17:48,700 --> 0:17:50,399
other mistresses when they came along as
336
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the years passed and I think there are
337
0:17:52,840 --> 0:17:55,830
some men possibly louia among them who
338
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rather like it if a woman is jealous and
339
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shows signs of caring you know she's
340
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certainly complained like mad if she
341
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felt he was strayed from what was in
342
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fact an illegitimate relationship Louis
343
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kept a close eye on the building works
344
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but one inspection visit brought a nasty
345
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surprise
346
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a mother angry at the death of her son
347
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killed on the site was waiting for him
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[Music]
349
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we're told that she just let fly at
350
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Louie the 14th I mean he was very
351
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surprised he said what does that me as
352
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been a dhenuka September
353
0:19:05,179 --> 0:19:07,690
this was a courageous thing for this
354
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mother to have done because there were
355
0:19:10,129 --> 0:19:12,609
guards everywhere and of course as soon
356
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as she had said this she was very
357
0:19:14,899 --> 0:19:20,289
quickly hustled away for her punishment
358
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administration delicious exist unanimity
359
0:19:25,849 --> 0:19:29,249
father says a phantom Azad remember
360
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nemesis existed to the talk acceptance
361
0:19:31,849 --> 0:19:35,019
of omotenashi is a different a personal
362
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opposite over some happenin
363
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[Music]
364
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Lynott has ambitious plans were finally
365
0:19:53,850 --> 0:19:56,330
taking shape and Louie's dream of
366
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creating the most spectacular Palace in
367
0:19:58,500 --> 0:20:02,530
Europe was slowly becoming a reality
368
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Louie's great gardener his real gift was
369
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for rearranging the landscape basically
370
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and dividing it up on a grid and then
371
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you treat the units within the grid
372
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essentially as outdoor rooms and then
373
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you would bring in all sorts of other
374
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people water engineers sculptors
375
0:20:23,150 --> 0:20:25,940
architects essentially to furnish these
376
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rooms
377
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[Music]
378
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and you're gonna sent a quad
379
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will impose a deadly geometry Magellan
380
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order a new IV in the SAP of terrabona
381
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[Music]
382
0:20:46,559 --> 0:20:49,139
the envelope around the old hunting
383
0:20:49,149 --> 0:20:50,370
lodge was complete
384
0:20:50,380 --> 0:20:52,500
Louie's ministers were installed in
385
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their new apartments and the King began
386
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governing from Versailles
387
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[Music]
388
0:21:00,580 --> 0:21:02,909
now Louie decided he would make the
389
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palace his permanent home and insisted
390
0:21:05,679 --> 0:21:07,710
that leading French Nobles come and live
391
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there too hello the atomic norm Quinn
392
0:21:15,190 --> 0:21:17,580
took a disposition polka backside the
393
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Vienna Demelza what a fuss there's no
394
0:21:22,059 --> 0:21:24,330
question that for Louis the nobility but
395
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really the great court nobility were an
396
0:21:26,049 --> 0:21:28,259
essential aspect of his kingship they
397
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surrounded him with glory like status
398
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[Music]
399
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this is a state where the ultimate
400
0:21:36,059 --> 0:21:38,510
decider on granting favor or refusing
401
0:21:38,520 --> 0:21:41,480
favors in the hands of the king if you
402
0:21:41,490 --> 0:21:44,390
were looking for a military command if
403
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you were looking for favors for many of
404
0:21:46,860 --> 0:21:49,490
your client supporters and family then
405
0:21:49,500 --> 0:21:51,049
the way to achieve this was by getting
406
0:21:51,059 --> 0:21:52,400
access to Lois
407
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and to a lesser extent by gaining access
408
0:21:54,600 --> 0:21:58,549
to the ministers around Lily but housing
409
0:21:58,559 --> 0:22:00,620
all the nobles would mean yet more
410
0:22:00,630 --> 0:22:03,560
building work Lewis Finance Minister
411
0:22:03,570 --> 0:22:06,080
jean-baptiste Colbert worried about the
412
0:22:06,090 --> 0:22:08,810
cost you go come on
413
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ll Jimmy D fed some sort of a tooth of
414
0:22:11,250 --> 0:22:19,430
laplace killer via physical bear to
415
0:22:19,440 --> 0:22:24,770
squeeze on the left side Jehan to
416
0:22:24,780 --> 0:22:28,100
several phones some personal touch the
417
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noblesse
418
0:22:31,320 --> 0:22:34,450
[Music]
419
0:22:34,460 --> 0:22:37,370
Louie wanted the nobility at fair side
420
0:22:37,380 --> 0:22:39,200
in order that he could keep an eye on
421
0:22:39,210 --> 0:22:42,919
them the message he wanted to give to
422
0:22:42,929 --> 0:22:45,440
his Nobles was this you don't need to
423
0:22:45,450 --> 0:22:48,230
rebel to get what you want what you have
424
0:22:48,240 --> 0:22:53,690
to do is come and pay your court to me
425
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the vasila Chateau and Philippa
426
0:23:05,450 --> 0:23:07,910
[Music]
427
0:23:07,920 --> 0:23:10,770
original architect Louisville died
428
0:23:10,780 --> 0:23:13,500
before his project was complete his
429
0:23:13,510 --> 0:23:16,350
replacement June mansaf had ideas of his
430
0:23:16,360 --> 0:23:18,570
own
431
0:23:19,960 --> 0:23:24,030
Massa advocate idea to have big wings
432
0:23:24,040 --> 0:23:27,670
each side of the envelope to make some
433
0:23:27,680 --> 0:23:29,770
accommodation for the princes and the
434
0:23:29,780 --> 0:23:32,260
court so it was a huge design and I
435
0:23:32,270 --> 0:23:36,220
think he had a great idea of what would
436
0:23:36,230 --> 0:23:38,520
be a great palace for a great king
437
0:23:38,530 --> 0:23:40,240
Seibert furnish a state-administered
438
0:23:40,250 --> 0:23:42,490
ended up in the supports or indefinite
439
0:23:42,500 --> 0:23:46,080
el vira along ' solli-tangen
440
0:23:46,090 --> 0:23:49,390
man sows most ambitious proposal was to
441
0:23:49,400 --> 0:23:51,490
build a fabulous gallery lined with
442
0:23:51,500 --> 0:23:56,140
mirrors on a fishes solid near the
443
0:23:56,150 --> 0:23:58,780
celadon a gallery in early spring open
444
0:23:58,790 --> 0:24:01,240
plaza LUMO and attitudes of visually
445
0:24:01,250 --> 0:24:03,550
Zarda
446
0:24:04,100 --> 0:24:09,530
[Music]
447
0:24:09,540 --> 0:24:13,760
but samosa is a question we don't know
448
0:24:13,770 --> 0:24:16,290
but ha see yes
449
0:24:16,300 --> 0:24:19,690
[Applause]
450
0:24:19,700 --> 0:24:22,130
however magnificent the plans
451
0:24:22,140 --> 0:24:24,020
Louise experienced with his builders was
452
0:24:24,030 --> 0:24:26,270
a familiar one everything took much
453
0:24:26,280 --> 0:24:28,340
longer and cost far more than the
454
0:24:28,350 --> 0:24:30,840
estimates and they made a terrible mess
455
0:24:30,850 --> 0:24:32,140
[Music]
456
0:24:32,150 --> 0:24:34,310
nothing is more false than these
457
0:24:34,320 --> 0:24:36,380
gracious pictures of their saying it
458
0:24:36,390 --> 0:24:38,720
shows the stately place of everything
459
0:24:38,730 --> 0:24:40,760
perfect and everybody gliding about
460
0:24:40,770 --> 0:24:44,820
actually it wasn't a huge building site
461
0:24:44,830 --> 0:24:47,550
all of court ladies complained about it
462
0:24:47,560 --> 0:24:49,770
the workmen starting at 6 a.m.
463
0:24:49,780 --> 0:24:51,990
my dear the dust and the smell of wet
464
0:24:52,000 --> 0:24:53,970
plaster which got into their hair it's
465
0:24:53,980 --> 0:24:55,950
exactly like today exactly like what we
466
0:24:55,960 --> 0:24:58,080
feel on a tiny scare when our neighbours
467
0:24:58,090 --> 0:25:07,890
go building must be not an amazing sight
468
0:25:07,900 --> 0:25:11,650
I mean the first day in at Versailles
469
0:25:11,660 --> 0:25:14,260
everybody stopped jostling jostling
470
0:25:14,270 --> 0:25:16,270
jostling for bigger rooms of better
471
0:25:16,280 --> 0:25:18,610
rooms in a better position in the
472
0:25:18,620 --> 0:25:20,920
meantime the lesser folk you know they
473
0:25:20,930 --> 0:25:23,440
were trying to get down from the attics
474
0:25:23,450 --> 0:25:26,170
get better rooms always to get as near
475
0:25:26,180 --> 0:25:28,980
as possible to the pink
476
0:25:28,990 --> 0:25:31,289
the lavatory arrangements were pretty
477
0:25:31,299 --> 0:25:34,139
kind of basic servants would think
478
0:25:34,149 --> 0:25:36,450
nothing of relieving themselves in the
479
0:25:36,460 --> 0:25:39,360
corridors of Versailles so you have this
480
0:25:39,370 --> 0:25:41,250
extraordinary attention on outward
481
0:25:41,260 --> 0:25:44,370
appearances and magnificent clothes but
482
0:25:44,380 --> 0:25:47,279
alongside you have all these smells I
483
0:25:47,289 --> 0:25:50,700
mean you could have been in a farmyard
484
0:25:52,380 --> 0:25:55,520
Louise desire for magnificence extended
485
0:25:55,530 --> 0:25:58,100
to every aspect of his life especially
486
0:25:58,110 --> 0:26:01,190
his wardrobe he dressed in the finest
487
0:26:01,200 --> 0:26:03,500
cloth and expected his courtiers to do
488
0:26:03,510 --> 0:26:05,470
likewise
489
0:26:05,480 --> 0:26:08,649
and when his hair began to recede he
490
0:26:08,659 --> 0:26:10,870
adopted the fashion foreign laborat
491
0:26:10,880 --> 0:26:15,759
a half inch of lace on a cuff a gold or
492
0:26:15,769 --> 0:26:17,560
a silver button whether your pearl was
493
0:26:17,570 --> 0:26:19,509
here on your collar or here these could
494
0:26:19,519 --> 0:26:21,039
mean life and death to the court his
495
0:26:21,049 --> 0:26:23,919
fashion was hugely important and it was
496
0:26:23,929 --> 0:26:25,240
a very important way for the aristocracy
497
0:26:25,250 --> 0:26:27,220
to distinguish themselves from the
498
0:26:27,230 --> 0:26:30,070
ordinary people
499
0:26:30,620 --> 0:26:32,799
Loui influenced fashion to some extent
500
0:26:32,809 --> 0:26:35,470
when he was a young man he dressed quite
501
0:26:35,480 --> 0:26:37,899
flamboyantly lots of Cavalier silks and
502
0:26:37,909 --> 0:26:41,019
laces and ribbons he was a bit on the
503
0:26:41,029 --> 0:26:43,450
short side so he introduced a fashion
504
0:26:43,460 --> 0:26:46,629
for high-heeled shoes his mistresses
505
0:26:46,639 --> 0:26:49,119
perhaps were more influential on fashion
506
0:26:49,129 --> 0:26:50,230
Madame de Montespan
507
0:26:50,240 --> 0:26:52,629
invented various outfits including one
508
0:26:52,639 --> 0:26:55,960
the glorious d'azyr ba which was a sort
509
0:26:55,970 --> 0:26:58,539
of a tunic worn over trousers and she
510
0:26:58,549 --> 0:27:00,009
invented this because it was very easy
511
0:27:00,019 --> 0:27:02,680
to take off normally a lady's dress
512
0:27:02,690 --> 0:27:04,509
required two women to stand behind her
513
0:27:04,519 --> 0:27:05,889
to undo all the strings and of course
514
0:27:05,899 --> 0:27:07,330
Louie was an impatient man he couldn't
515
0:27:07,340 --> 0:27:09,369
be bothered waiting so she invented this
516
0:27:09,379 --> 0:27:10,840
outfit so that he could undress her
517
0:27:10,850 --> 0:27:19,989
discreetly and easily in private with so
518
0:27:19,999 --> 0:27:21,759
many court years now craving his
519
0:27:21,769 --> 0:27:22,509
attention
520
0:27:22,519 --> 0:27:24,759
Louie kept them busy by turning his
521
0:27:24,769 --> 0:27:29,139
daily activities into public rituals
522
0:27:29,970 --> 0:27:31,999
when he gets up in the morning that's
523
0:27:32,009 --> 0:27:34,879
the Royal Levay with a great queue of
524
0:27:34,889 --> 0:27:37,549
great nobles who hand him different
525
0:27:37,559 --> 0:27:41,419
articles of clothing at night it's all
526
0:27:41,429 --> 0:27:43,430
reversed it's the Royal coucher and he
527
0:27:43,440 --> 0:27:44,990
takes things off and gives them to
528
0:27:45,000 --> 0:27:48,710
Nobles great Nobles would follow with
529
0:27:48,720 --> 0:27:50,749
one another as to which of them had the
530
0:27:50,759 --> 0:27:53,210
right to hand him he should because it
531
0:27:53,220 --> 0:27:55,220
had to be the person of highest rank in
532
0:27:55,230 --> 0:28:00,080
the room they couldn't go off to the
533
0:28:00,090 --> 0:28:01,820
country on their estates and start
534
0:28:01,830 --> 0:28:04,399
raising armies meddling I mean that they
535
0:28:04,409 --> 0:28:06,169
had to stay there quarreling about whose
536
0:28:06,179 --> 0:28:09,639
turn it was to give the king his napkin
537
0:28:09,649 --> 0:28:12,320
even the Kings meal times turned into a
538
0:28:12,330 --> 0:28:14,810
performance where the nobles stood and
539
0:28:14,820 --> 0:28:17,570
watched the King eat waiting for him to
540
0:28:17,580 --> 0:28:22,610
speak to them one of the phenomena of
541
0:28:22,620 --> 0:28:25,610
Versailles was the sight of leading
542
0:28:25,620 --> 0:28:28,419
Nobles adopting these very deferential
543
0:28:28,429 --> 0:28:31,430
poses this was actually a very very
544
0:28:31,440 --> 0:28:33,649
powerful signal that the monarchy was
545
0:28:33,659 --> 0:28:36,710
back in charge for the courtiers
546
0:28:36,720 --> 0:28:39,159
flattery became a way of life for
547
0:28:39,169 --> 0:28:42,980
instance one courtier a great nobleman
548
0:28:42,990 --> 0:28:45,830
in his province Louis says to him when
549
0:28:45,840 --> 0:28:48,560
is your wife's baby due and this
550
0:28:48,570 --> 0:28:51,139
nobleman says when your Majesty wishes
551
0:28:51,149 --> 0:28:53,509
it
552
0:28:57,059 --> 0:28:59,850
as well as accommodating thousands of
553
0:28:59,860 --> 0:29:02,310
courtiers and officials there psy was
554
0:29:02,320 --> 0:29:04,560
also used by the king to promote France
555
0:29:04,570 --> 0:29:09,870
itself there was a deliberate intention
556
0:29:09,880 --> 0:29:13,760
to create a showcase for French
557
0:29:13,770 --> 0:29:18,810
manufactures and to rival or outdo Italy
558
0:29:18,820 --> 0:29:20,789
above all which was the great source of
559
0:29:20,799 --> 0:29:24,840
taste in the 17th century
560
0:29:24,980 --> 0:29:27,470
the magnificence of the interior of
561
0:29:27,480 --> 0:29:28,879
course it was all about the splendor of
562
0:29:28,889 --> 0:29:30,440
the monarchy and the splendor of louie
563
0:29:30,450 --> 0:29:33,110
xiv louis personally loved rich
564
0:29:33,120 --> 0:29:37,310
materials and fine craftsmanship but it
565
0:29:37,320 --> 0:29:39,549
was also a careful orchestration of
566
0:29:39,559 --> 0:29:44,450
louis xiv france's claim to lead europe
567
0:29:44,460 --> 0:29:46,070
in terms of taste
568
0:29:46,080 --> 0:29:53,210
and the arts as building progressed
569
0:29:53,220 --> 0:29:55,100
Louie commissioned hundreds of paintings
570
0:29:55,110 --> 0:29:58,070
sculptures and other decorations many
571
0:29:58,080 --> 0:30:00,350
containing images of himself as the
572
0:30:00,360 --> 0:30:02,029
embodiment of French strory
573
0:30:02,039 --> 0:30:06,619
this was no accident if you compare
574
0:30:06,629 --> 0:30:08,899
Louis with rulers before it is
575
0:30:08,909 --> 0:30:11,269
remarkable how he had professional
576
0:30:11,279 --> 0:30:15,019
advice so he's not presenting his image
577
0:30:15,029 --> 0:30:17,450
by himself there was a whole backup team
578
0:30:17,460 --> 0:30:21,230
of intellectuals writers this is a real
579
0:30:21,240 --> 0:30:23,749
innovation that there should be a small
580
0:30:23,759 --> 0:30:26,389
committee of people who are simply
581
0:30:26,399 --> 0:30:28,879
working on how to present the Kings
582
0:30:28,889 --> 0:30:32,950
image in the most grand manner possible
583
0:30:32,960 --> 0:30:35,869
with a great French painter shall upon
584
0:30:35,879 --> 0:30:41,450
was recruited to the cause he's a senior
585
0:30:41,460 --> 0:30:45,350
suppose you see our second row Susie the
586
0:30:45,360 --> 0:30:49,549
legality obscurity allow me the Fox
587
0:30:49,559 --> 0:30:53,379
article I like to add a lot or I do be a
588
0:30:53,389 --> 0:30:57,139
property on the sunshine
589
0:31:00,289 --> 0:31:03,109
Louise image-makers liked art that
590
0:31:03,119 --> 0:31:04,940
presented him as a conquering hero
591
0:31:04,950 --> 0:31:06,919
drawing on figures from ancient
592
0:31:06,929 --> 0:31:09,919
mythology like Jupiter and his favorite
593
0:31:09,929 --> 0:31:12,710
Apollo
594
0:31:13,620 --> 0:31:17,070
the association with the image is a very
595
0:31:17,080 --> 0:31:20,310
powerful man of the past were part of
596
0:31:20,320 --> 0:31:23,220
the strategy of being the best King and
597
0:31:23,230 --> 0:31:25,049
the most powerful and most important
598
0:31:25,059 --> 0:31:27,860
king of the time
599
0:31:27,870 --> 0:31:29,470
[Music]
600
0:31:29,480 --> 0:31:32,560
Louise public image may have included a
601
0:31:32,570 --> 0:31:35,560
fair amount of 17th century height but
602
0:31:35,570 --> 0:31:39,370
he was certainly a remarkable man he
603
0:31:39,380 --> 0:31:42,159
goes hunting three times a day he goes
604
0:31:42,169 --> 0:31:43,960
to council meetings three times a day is
605
0:31:43,970 --> 0:31:46,779
a very hard working he makes love three
606
0:31:46,789 --> 0:31:49,450
times a day we must conclude the man had
607
0:31:49,460 --> 0:31:52,480
amazing energies
608
0:31:53,680 --> 0:32:02,060
[Music]
609
0:32:02,070 --> 0:32:04,680
fortunately there was enough glass to
610
0:32:04,690 --> 0:32:06,240
furnish the palaces most ambitious
611
0:32:06,250 --> 0:32:09,420
development the result of six years
612
0:32:09,430 --> 0:32:13,560
intense work this was man Safin LeBlanc
613
0:32:13,570 --> 0:32:17,120
most stunning achievement their size
614
0:32:17,130 --> 0:32:20,760
hall of mirrors
615
0:32:22,300 --> 0:32:40,290
[Music]
616
0:32:40,300 --> 0:32:40,990
[Applause]
617
0:32:41,000 --> 0:32:48,440
[Music]
618
0:32:49,630 --> 0:32:56,409
nobody's you Sekhmet among Kalkaji moons
619
0:32:56,419 --> 0:33:02,380
and gallery in Italy and people I think
620
0:33:02,390 --> 0:33:06,760
the effect of the canary is more a dream
621
0:33:07,029 --> 0:33:09,730
wonderful life given by the mirrors and
622
0:33:09,740 --> 0:33:13,799
it's I think it's it very impressive and
623
0:33:13,809 --> 0:33:20,440
astonishing this is undoubtedly one of
624
0:33:20,450 --> 0:33:22,770
the great palaces
625
0:33:22,780 --> 0:33:25,980
no he would have wanted us to think of
626
0:33:25,990 --> 0:33:27,990
the chateau as an integrated whole not
627
0:33:28,000 --> 0:33:30,570
to focus on specific items where the
628
0:33:30,580 --> 0:33:32,790
Hall of Mirrors or the great Canal and
629
0:33:32,800 --> 0:33:35,730
as an integrated unit it completely
630
0:33:35,740 --> 0:33:37,350
outshines I think almost every other
631
0:33:37,360 --> 0:33:40,830
palace ever conceived or built
632
0:33:41,430 --> 0:33:43,620
[Music]
633
0:33:43,630 --> 0:33:47,880
Kalka shows the pitiless Amarista
634
0:33:47,890 --> 0:33:51,250
totally rockin woman upon me
635
0:33:51,260 --> 0:33:53,810
before in new playmakers and gallery so
636
0:33:53,820 --> 0:33:56,660
to get to public arrest Alicia to edit
637
0:33:56,670 --> 0:33:59,210
Rhonda in soon a few tell you I own the
638
0:33:59,220 --> 0:34:03,080
house zuly pathogen
639
0:34:04,710 --> 0:34:06,919
Louis said of his house Versailles
640
0:34:06,929 --> 0:34:10,280
similar do it was Versailles he was his
641
0:34:10,290 --> 0:34:12,589
house if we understand one we understand
642
0:34:12,599 --> 0:34:19,430
the other the King wishes to assert his
643
0:34:19,440 --> 0:34:21,799
authority and maintain his position he
644
0:34:21,809 --> 0:34:24,770
has to do it through display Versailles
645
0:34:24,780 --> 0:34:27,290
is an ideal theater set on which he can
646
0:34:27,300 --> 0:34:29,869
act out what he regards as his royal
647
0:34:29,879 --> 0:34:32,299
duties Versailles from this point of
648
0:34:32,309 --> 0:34:34,099
view fulfills his requirements better
649
0:34:34,109 --> 0:34:35,750
than long as any other building that
650
0:34:35,760 --> 0:34:41,750
could be imagined Louie's love affair
651
0:34:41,760 --> 0:34:43,970
with his palace lasted longer than any
652
0:34:43,980 --> 0:34:47,690
of his human relationships after 14
653
0:34:47,700 --> 0:34:50,299
years nine pregnancies and seven
654
0:34:50,309 --> 0:34:52,430
children Montes pond was beginning to
655
0:34:52,440 --> 0:34:55,540
lose her looks and her hold on the king
656
0:34:55,550 --> 0:34:57,740
Madame de Montespan began to fall out of
657
0:34:57,750 --> 0:35:00,349
favor because inevitably after nine
658
0:35:00,359 --> 0:35:02,270
pregnancies her figure wasn't quite what
659
0:35:02,280 --> 0:35:05,450
it was she became rather blousy she
660
0:35:05,460 --> 0:35:08,240
drank too much she gambled too much she
661
0:35:08,250 --> 0:35:09,440
made a nuisance of herself with her
662
0:35:09,450 --> 0:35:12,020
tantrums and I think as happens to a lot
663
0:35:12,030 --> 0:35:13,700
of women the more she felt her man
664
0:35:13,710 --> 0:35:15,470
slipping away from her the more needy
665
0:35:15,480 --> 0:35:17,930
and clingy she became and the more needy
666
0:35:17,940 --> 0:35:19,430
and clingy she became the more she drove
667
0:35:19,440 --> 0:35:25,130
him away because she thought she was
668
0:35:25,140 --> 0:35:33,170
everything but I think Louie was also
669
0:35:33,180 --> 0:35:35,210
undergoing quite a significant personal
670
0:35:35,220 --> 0:35:37,010
transformation he was becoming much more
671
0:35:37,020 --> 0:35:39,319
religious Madame de Montespan was a
672
0:35:39,329 --> 0:35:42,530
married woman committing adultery with
673
0:35:42,540 --> 0:35:43,940
an unmarried woman was one thing but
674
0:35:43,950 --> 0:35:46,660
double adultery was sacrilege it was a
675
0:35:46,670 --> 0:35:49,240
tremendous scandal and he was becoming
676
0:35:49,250 --> 0:35:52,400
conscious of the fact that his way of
677
0:35:52,410 --> 0:35:54,559
life was was really compromising the
678
0:35:54,569 --> 0:35:58,549
state and compromising his kingship
679
0:35:59,280 --> 0:36:02,840
Louis turned to a very different woman
680
0:36:02,850 --> 0:36:04,730
Madame de Maintenon
681
0:36:04,740 --> 0:36:08,420
governess to his illegitimate children
682
0:36:08,430 --> 0:36:11,100
maintenant was pious quiet and
683
0:36:11,110 --> 0:36:13,680
intelligent qualities that a middle-aged
684
0:36:13,690 --> 0:36:15,310
Louie had come to admire
685
0:36:15,320 --> 0:36:18,670
[Music]
686
0:36:18,680 --> 0:36:20,540
poor madam the mountain I had to do
687
0:36:20,550 --> 0:36:22,640
everything she had to act as a cook a
688
0:36:22,650 --> 0:36:24,290
plumber a gardener as well as a teacher
689
0:36:24,300 --> 0:36:26,750
and a nursemaid it was exhausting and
690
0:36:26,760 --> 0:36:29,720
she did this so well that Louie began to
691
0:36:29,730 --> 0:36:31,460
pay attention to her he noticed this
692
0:36:31,470 --> 0:36:33,770
this intelligent woman this calm
693
0:36:33,780 --> 0:36:39,110
presence slowly slowly Madame de
694
0:36:39,120 --> 0:36:42,740
Maintenon began to seduce the king
695
0:36:43,910 --> 0:36:46,760
rejected mistress Montes bong was
696
0:36:46,770 --> 0:36:54,760
distraught did we a Duke as a majesty I
697
0:36:54,770 --> 0:36:56,570
see the city air
698
0:36:56,580 --> 0:37:03,400
helium polish analyst ed mailable day I
699
0:37:03,410 --> 0:37:06,080
think it was the rise of mountain Oh in
700
0:37:06,090 --> 0:37:08,030
the first place which really riled her
701
0:37:08,040 --> 0:37:09,890
because she van she'd made a mistake
702
0:37:09,900 --> 0:37:13,430
she'd underestimated another woman and
703
0:37:13,440 --> 0:37:16,190
North was poor at a widow and did not
704
0:37:16,200 --> 0:37:17,780
curious and very pleasant from the
705
0:37:17,790 --> 0:37:20,210
intelligent and she didn't spot that
706
0:37:20,220 --> 0:37:22,520
Louie might actually fall in love with a
707
0:37:22,530 --> 0:37:24,320
woman like that you know and it might be
708
0:37:24,330 --> 0:37:26,900
a very seductive thing to him in quite a
709
0:37:26,910 --> 0:37:29,150
different way from her own seductive
710
0:37:29,160 --> 0:37:31,490
paths and I think for a couple of years
711
0:37:31,500 --> 0:37:35,810
at least she was extremely angry when
712
0:37:35,820 --> 0:37:38,270
Louise long suffering Queen Mary Torres
713
0:37:38,280 --> 0:37:41,960
died he was free to marry again and he
714
0:37:41,970 --> 0:37:44,900
turned to the quiet governess she'd not
715
0:37:44,910 --> 0:37:48,050
only won his heart she convinced him she
716
0:37:48,060 --> 0:37:51,620
could help save his soul the 17th
717
0:37:51,630 --> 0:37:54,380
century mentality was very different the
718
0:37:54,390 --> 0:37:57,050
attention paid to salvation dying in a
719
0:37:57,060 --> 0:37:58,820
state of grace so you didn't go to hell
720
0:37:58,830 --> 0:38:01,280
was enormous and Louie who in some ways
721
0:38:01,290 --> 0:38:03,620
was quite simple took this very very
722
0:38:03,630 --> 0:38:04,400
seriously
723
0:38:04,410 --> 0:38:07,580
and I think Manton or persuaded him that
724
0:38:07,590 --> 0:38:10,180
she could help him towards his salvation
725
0:38:10,190 --> 0:38:13,970
as Manton was a commoner the king could
726
0:38:13,980 --> 0:38:16,500
only marry her behind closed doors
727
0:38:16,510 --> 0:38:20,619
[Music]
728
0:38:20,720 --> 0:38:23,990
he did need a secret church wedding a
729
0:38:24,000 --> 0:38:26,930
morganatic wedding as they're called in
730
0:38:26,940 --> 0:38:29,359
the presence of clergy and witnesses
731
0:38:29,369 --> 0:38:32,180
after that he's all right with God in
732
0:38:32,190 --> 0:38:33,770
the church he can go to communion it's
733
0:38:33,780 --> 0:38:40,880
all perfectly okay and it's interesting
734
0:38:40,890 --> 0:38:42,970
that Louie never declared the marriage
735
0:38:42,980 --> 0:38:45,740
because she wasn't a princess he had his
736
0:38:45,750 --> 0:38:47,480
own values that is he would have his
737
0:38:47,490 --> 0:38:50,150
private life but in public he was
738
0:38:50,160 --> 0:38:52,020
solitary
739
0:38:52,030 --> 0:38:55,189
[Music]
740
0:38:57,300 --> 0:38:59,930
in public louie concentrated on running
741
0:38:59,940 --> 0:39:02,170
his palace
742
0:39:02,180 --> 0:39:04,630
and his court life at Versailles became
743
0:39:04,640 --> 0:39:07,790
ever more formalized
744
0:39:07,800 --> 0:39:10,220
vetting the establishment of the full
745
0:39:10,230 --> 0:39:12,860
court of Versailles we turned it into
746
0:39:12,870 --> 0:39:16,280
the great social political power broking
747
0:39:16,290 --> 0:39:19,700
center of France
748
0:39:21,050 --> 0:39:23,480
Versailles was exciting if you thought
749
0:39:23,490 --> 0:39:27,680
like a French nobleman because loo xiv
750
0:39:27,690 --> 0:39:30,800
was your house you would spend the
751
0:39:30,810 --> 0:39:33,530
evening in the physical presence of the
752
0:39:33,540 --> 0:39:36,080
king of France you would be admitted to
753
0:39:36,090 --> 0:39:40,940
his gaming table you would be invited to
754
0:39:40,950 --> 0:39:44,210
dance in front of the king now for
755
0:39:44,220 --> 0:39:46,670
Nobles this was an enormous ly
756
0:39:46,680 --> 0:39:48,920
prestigious an enormous ly flattering
757
0:39:48,930 --> 0:39:51,200
thing
758
0:39:54,590 --> 0:39:57,829
[Music]
759
0:40:00,290 --> 0:40:01,630
you
760
0:40:01,640 --> 0:40:09,530
[Music]
761
0:40:12,250 --> 0:40:15,849
the court of Si could be seen as a cross
762
0:40:15,859 --> 0:40:18,849
perhaps between Royal Ascot and the
763
0:40:18,859 --> 0:40:22,050
dealing floor of futures exchange
764
0:40:22,060 --> 0:40:25,660
combination of very socially elite group
765
0:40:25,670 --> 0:40:27,490
who already know each other and can
766
0:40:27,500 --> 0:40:29,829
interact with each other and at the same
767
0:40:29,839 --> 0:40:32,380
time a group of hardened professionals
768
0:40:32,390 --> 0:40:34,089
who have their own language and their
769
0:40:34,099 --> 0:40:36,400
own codes who know how to strike deals
770
0:40:36,410 --> 0:40:38,260
and to extract the best possible
771
0:40:38,270 --> 0:40:40,310
advantages from a particular situation
772
0:40:40,320 --> 0:40:43,530
[Music]
773
0:40:43,540 --> 0:40:45,970
thus I was the original hotbed of
774
0:40:45,980 --> 0:40:48,400
scandal the phrase with which everyone
775
0:40:48,410 --> 0:40:50,890
began their conversation was on D it's
776
0:40:50,900 --> 0:40:53,079
being said they're saying this they're
777
0:40:53,089 --> 0:40:55,750
saying that all day these whispers of
778
0:40:55,760 --> 0:40:58,000
rumor would travel about the palace
779
0:40:58,010 --> 0:40:59,020
people would send each other little
780
0:40:59,030 --> 0:41:01,359
bulletins by sedan-chair to report on
781
0:41:01,369 --> 0:41:03,310
what was going on in in the different
782
0:41:03,320 --> 0:41:05,170
rooms and that of course made it a
783
0:41:05,180 --> 0:41:07,030
tremendously claustrophobic place to
784
0:41:07,040 --> 0:41:09,190
live you couldn't do anything about
785
0:41:09,200 --> 0:41:12,220
everybody knowing about it
786
0:41:15,180 --> 0:41:18,079
there was this extraordinary networking
787
0:41:18,089 --> 0:41:21,109
Center everyone who was anyone in France
788
0:41:21,119 --> 0:41:24,230
was now at their side so to be excluded
789
0:41:24,240 --> 0:41:28,550
was disastrous for a French nobleman
790
0:41:28,560 --> 0:41:30,740
the worst thing that a courtier could
791
0:41:30,750 --> 0:41:32,780
hear from the king was he's a man I
792
0:41:32,790 --> 0:41:36,260
never see people would spend literally
793
0:41:36,270 --> 0:41:39,500
years trying to hear one word or have a
794
0:41:39,510 --> 0:41:41,160
gesture from the king
795
0:41:41,170 --> 0:41:47,410
[Music]
796
0:41:47,470 --> 0:41:50,290
with the nobility now so dependent on
797
0:41:50,300 --> 0:41:53,020
him Louis could fully immerse himself in
798
0:41:53,030 --> 0:41:58,570
the role he was born to play he emerges
799
0:41:58,580 --> 0:42:03,390
as this absolutely consummate performer
800
0:42:03,400 --> 0:42:07,300
the whole regime at Versailles hinged on
801
0:42:07,310 --> 0:42:09,270
your having this extraordinarily
802
0:42:09,280 --> 0:42:12,790
charismatic figure who could perform in
803
0:42:12,800 --> 0:42:14,920
all the right ways for this enormous
804
0:42:14,930 --> 0:42:17,140
audience which he had assembled around
805
0:42:17,150 --> 0:42:24,070
him but Louie was only human and after
806
0:42:24,080 --> 0:42:26,110
years of good health he began to suffer
807
0:42:26,120 --> 0:42:28,900
from a serious medical problem an anal
808
0:42:28,910 --> 0:42:51,040
fistula this was an extremely serious
809
0:42:51,050 --> 0:42:53,260
condition in the context of the 17th
810
0:42:53,270 --> 0:42:54,880
century the risk of it becoming
811
0:42:54,890 --> 0:42:57,340
gangrenous the pus would seep into the
812
0:42:57,350 --> 0:43:00,010
rest of the body and in fact was very
813
0:43:00,020 --> 0:43:03,040
great indeed untreated it would almost
814
0:43:03,050 --> 0:43:08,650
certainly have killed the king the only
815
0:43:08,660 --> 0:43:10,090
way that it was likely to be cured was
816
0:43:10,100 --> 0:43:12,640
through invasive surgery such surgery
817
0:43:12,650 --> 0:43:16,150
had had a very poor success rate but
818
0:43:16,160 --> 0:43:19,480
Louis instructed his doctors to go ahead
819
0:43:19,490 --> 0:43:22,040
his senior physician devised a new
820
0:43:22,050 --> 0:43:26,030
instrument especially for the operation
821
0:43:28,390 --> 0:43:30,450
the doctors involved in the operation
822
0:43:30,460 --> 0:43:32,759
practiced on a number of others who had
823
0:43:32,769 --> 0:43:34,799
anal fistulas beforehand but it was
824
0:43:34,809 --> 0:43:37,079
nonetheless still a very risky operation
825
0:43:37,089 --> 0:43:39,720
in the 17th century the doctors were
826
0:43:39,730 --> 0:43:41,400
much more likely to kill you than cure
827
0:43:41,410 --> 0:43:42,349
you
828
0:43:42,359 --> 0:43:44,999
huge effort was made at Versailles to
829
0:43:45,009 --> 0:43:47,309
keep the details of this secret because
830
0:43:47,319 --> 0:43:49,440
it was felt say likely that the king
831
0:43:49,450 --> 0:43:51,479
wouldn't survive that the diplomatic
832
0:43:51,489 --> 0:43:53,009
repercussions of this would sweep
833
0:43:53,019 --> 0:43:55,250
through Europe
834
0:43:55,260 --> 0:43:58,579
[Music]
835
0:44:02,480 --> 0:44:05,319
Magister
836
0:44:06,670 --> 0:44:09,880
mr. Cheryl's there but they welcome to
837
0:44:09,890 --> 0:44:12,670
one or the mr. J and see what comin Papa
838
0:44:12,680 --> 0:44:13,820
be a majestic
839
0:44:13,830 --> 0:44:19,330
[Music]
840
0:44:19,380 --> 0:44:22,530
the fistula that mr. magisteria ride
841
0:44:22,540 --> 0:44:25,110
with Matt now in for PA Priscilla
842
0:44:25,120 --> 0:44:33,840
totally over and that night he took a
843
0:44:33,850 --> 0:44:37,800
council meeting extraordinaire very pale
844
0:44:37,810 --> 0:44:42,120
was from sheen of sweat but he made it
845
0:44:44,850 --> 0:44:47,430
louia recovered his health but other
846
0:44:47,440 --> 0:44:50,730
troubles were looming his fame and
847
0:44:50,740 --> 0:44:53,430
success had earned him many enemies two
848
0:44:53,440 --> 0:44:56,040
years after his operation France began a
849
0:44:56,050 --> 0:44:58,650
costly war against Spain England and
850
0:44:58,660 --> 0:45:03,720
Sweden as the fighting dragged on some
851
0:45:03,730 --> 0:45:06,060
of their size silver was quietly removed
852
0:45:06,070 --> 0:45:10,560
and melted down to pay the Qing soldiers
853
0:45:12,550 --> 0:45:15,360
unable to win the war you assigned an
854
0:45:15,370 --> 0:45:17,760
unfavorable peace treaty conceding
855
0:45:17,770 --> 0:45:21,030
territory to his enemies
856
0:45:21,500 --> 0:45:24,620
the Sun King was finally in decline and
857
0:45:24,630 --> 0:45:26,480
although he continued to make small
858
0:45:26,490 --> 0:45:29,030
improvements to his Great Palace he lost
859
0:45:29,040 --> 0:45:31,760
much of his enthusiasm
860
0:45:32,930 --> 0:45:37,930
Genichiro lupertazzi Sara cannot reverse
861
0:45:37,940 --> 0:45:47,630
Aida not a news report on a samosa fat
862
0:45:47,640 --> 0:45:51,320
not invention preparedness masala no
863
0:45:51,330 --> 0:45:54,020
successor
864
0:46:03,050 --> 0:46:06,130
after just four years of peace a new
865
0:46:06,140 --> 0:46:10,650
crisis threatened the Spanish king died
866
0:46:10,660 --> 0:46:14,200
leaving his empire to Louise grandson if
867
0:46:14,210 --> 0:46:16,690
Louie accepted on the boy's behalf he
868
0:46:16,700 --> 0:46:18,460
knew the other European powers were
869
0:46:18,470 --> 0:46:21,760
tried to stop him but if he refused the
870
0:46:21,770 --> 0:46:23,620
territories would go to France's rivals
871
0:46:23,630 --> 0:46:27,520
in Austria he was in an impossible
872
0:46:27,530 --> 0:46:31,390
situation Louie was damned if he did
873
0:46:31,400 --> 0:46:34,660
damned if he didn't faced with an issue
874
0:46:34,670 --> 0:46:36,550
which concerns the honour of his dynasty
875
0:46:36,560 --> 0:46:39,220
he perhaps not surprising that he opts
876
0:46:39,230 --> 0:46:43,900
for the acceptance of the Spanish offer
877
0:46:44,110 --> 0:46:46,600
but he never to be therefore provokes
878
0:46:46,610 --> 0:46:51,060
war with the other major European powers
879
0:46:51,070 --> 0:46:54,160
this the most grueling war of Louie's
880
0:46:54,170 --> 0:46:57,040
reign lasted for 12 years and brought
881
0:46:57,050 --> 0:47:00,550
France to the brink of ruin
882
0:47:02,320 --> 0:47:05,640
as Louis grew old and frail he fell
883
0:47:05,650 --> 0:47:07,110
evermore under the influence of his
884
0:47:07,120 --> 0:47:09,930
devout wife and now shunned the lavish
885
0:47:09,940 --> 0:47:11,790
amusements that had once filled his
886
0:47:11,800 --> 0:47:14,550
beloved palace
887
0:47:15,380 --> 0:47:18,300
I think Versailles became a chilly
888
0:47:18,310 --> 0:47:21,040
tedious place in many respects once time
889
0:47:21,050 --> 0:47:24,440
Antonin got louie into her grip
890
0:47:24,450 --> 0:47:27,150
it became this sort of rather dreary
891
0:47:27,160 --> 0:47:29,340
world where whatever the King of France
892
0:47:29,350 --> 0:47:31,230
was doing you could set your watch by
893
0:47:31,240 --> 0:47:33,150
you could look at the clock at any hour
894
0:47:33,160 --> 0:47:35,100
of the day and know exactly where Lewey
895
0:47:35,110 --> 0:47:38,010
was and his whole life became this this
896
0:47:38,020 --> 0:47:40,530
endless choreography of etiquette and
897
0:47:40,540 --> 0:47:42,720
ritual with Madame de Maintenon sitting
898
0:47:42,730 --> 0:47:44,070
there in the corner like some sort of
899
0:47:44,080 --> 0:47:48,450
holy spider watching it all
900
0:47:55,440 --> 0:47:57,799
safe activity any physical exertion
901
0:47:57,809 --> 0:48:01,910
abilities difficulties a seizure who the
902
0:48:01,920 --> 0:48:04,910
consistently
903
0:48:06,280 --> 0:48:08,799
Manta noir was a comfort to Louie when
904
0:48:08,809 --> 0:48:09,970
he needed it the most
905
0:48:09,980 --> 0:48:12,339
illness took the life of many members of
906
0:48:12,349 --> 0:48:15,190
his family including a son and grandson
907
0:48:15,200 --> 0:48:17,680
and he was haunted by the legacy of his
908
0:48:17,690 --> 0:48:21,220
Wars I think you know it was a tragic
909
0:48:21,230 --> 0:48:23,559
figure in his final days I think the
910
0:48:23,569 --> 0:48:26,170
tragedy began with the sudden deaths of
911
0:48:26,180 --> 0:48:30,490
so many of his nearest and dearest knew
912
0:48:30,500 --> 0:48:32,410
he had Manton all by his side but she
913
0:48:32,420 --> 0:48:34,690
said about him that sometimes he would
914
0:48:34,700 --> 0:48:36,579
be alone with her shut the doors and
915
0:48:36,589 --> 0:48:38,589
then he would just weep but the way
916
0:48:38,599 --> 0:48:41,020
things had gone I think it was a very
917
0:48:41,030 --> 0:48:43,359
sad old age you know outliving his
918
0:48:43,369 --> 0:48:46,059
descendants and having led france into
919
0:48:46,069 --> 0:48:47,740
these wars which seemed so wonderful
920
0:48:47,750 --> 0:48:49,569
when he was winning them and became so
921
0:48:49,579 --> 0:48:52,690
costly when he wasn't
922
0:48:59,760 --> 0:49:04,030
aged 76 and after 72 years on the throne
923
0:49:04,040 --> 0:49:08,090
Louie was once again taken seriously ill
924
0:49:08,100 --> 0:49:10,870
[Music]
925
0:49:10,880 --> 0:49:13,640
no one expected noon the 14th to live as
926
0:49:13,650 --> 0:49:16,940
long as he did when Louis finally
927
0:49:16,950 --> 0:49:20,510
weakens in the last year of his life its
928
0:49:20,520 --> 0:49:22,580
result of a gangrenous infection which
929
0:49:22,590 --> 0:49:24,440
gradually spreads from his leg to the
930
0:49:24,450 --> 0:49:28,040
rest of the left side of his body even
931
0:49:28,220 --> 0:49:30,860
Louie's own death became a public
932
0:49:30,870 --> 0:49:33,080
performance
933
0:49:37,360 --> 0:49:39,490
[Music]
934
0:49:39,500 --> 0:49:42,890
I'm here
935
0:49:51,740 --> 0:49:54,910
in spite of their long intimacy Manton
936
0:49:54,920 --> 0:49:56,530
all wasn't actually at the Kings side
937
0:49:56,540 --> 0:49:59,050
when he died and that was not the
938
0:49:59,060 --> 0:50:02,230
practice by her own wish she went off to
939
0:50:02,240 --> 0:50:05,200
a convent to be among ladies who would
940
0:50:05,210 --> 0:50:07,440
be succor her and sympathize with her
941
0:50:07,450 --> 0:50:10,690
leaving him to priests and ultimately to
942
0:50:10,700 --> 0:50:18,520
God he died rather slowly and so she
943
0:50:18,530 --> 0:50:22,240
came back once I think twice and to be
944
0:50:22,250 --> 0:50:24,460
with him again but ultimately it was
945
0:50:24,470 --> 0:50:35,260
time for her to go the heir to the
946
0:50:35,270 --> 0:50:37,540
throne was a really tiny child the
947
0:50:37,550 --> 0:50:39,370
little five year old boy and he's
948
0:50:39,380 --> 0:50:41,700
brought in to see his grandfather and
949
0:50:41,710 --> 0:50:44,710
his grandfather sort of tells him to be
950
0:50:44,720 --> 0:50:46,690
a good king but says I have loved war
951
0:50:46,700 --> 0:50:47,470
too much
952
0:50:47,480 --> 0:50:49,960
very sad dying words from Louie the 14
953
0:50:49,970 --> 0:50:52,290
certainly true
954
0:50:52,300 --> 0:51:04,960
[Music]
955
0:51:04,970 --> 0:51:06,140
[Applause]
956
0:51:06,150 --> 0:51:14,889
[Music]
957
0:51:15,800 --> 0:51:18,850
throughout his long reign Louis sought
958
0:51:18,860 --> 0:51:20,980
to bring glory to himself and his
959
0:51:20,990 --> 0:51:23,079
country
960
0:51:23,089 --> 0:51:26,410
that lifelong devotion expressed in the
961
0:51:26,420 --> 0:51:28,150
extraordinary palace he built at
962
0:51:28,160 --> 0:51:30,309
Versailles is the reason he's become
963
0:51:30,319 --> 0:51:32,900
part of the very essence of France
964
0:51:32,910 --> 0:51:37,870
[Music]
965
0:51:37,880 --> 0:51:40,850
he didn't just leave glorious monuments
966
0:51:40,860 --> 0:51:42,890
beautiful buildings fabulous paintings
967
0:51:42,900 --> 0:51:46,550
he left a sense of identity which has
968
0:51:46,560 --> 0:51:48,820
endured until today
969
0:51:48,830 --> 0:51:51,920
he certainly embodies I think the idea
970
0:51:51,930 --> 0:51:56,540
of the greatness of France he was the
971
0:51:56,550 --> 0:51:58,670
king and you were the subject and there
972
0:51:58,680 --> 0:52:02,609
was never any doubt about that
973
0:52:02,619 --> 0:52:06,059
he imposed his will on the world so
974
0:52:06,069 --> 0:52:08,440
splendidly in every respect
975
0:52:08,450 --> 0:52:10,160
[Music]
976
0:52:10,170 --> 0:52:12,380
he wanted to impress everybody any
977
0:52:12,390 --> 0:52:17,299
Atticus exceeded the scale of the vision
978
0:52:17,309 --> 0:52:20,839
is breathtaking
979
0:52:20,849 --> 0:52:23,490
no one did it like Louie
980
0:52:23,500 --> 0:52:31,489
[Music]
981
0:52:31,499 --> 0:52:33,870
to watch this and other great
982
0:52:33,880 --> 0:52:37,019
documentaries head to SBS comm au /
983
0:52:37,029 --> 0:52:39,930
on-demand or download the SBS on-demand
984
0:52:39,940 --> 0:52:43,450
app for iPhone and iPad
985
0:52:43,460 --> 0:52:57,889
[Music]
986
0:53:04,780 --> 0:53:06,660
louis xiv
987
0:53:06,670 --> 0:53:09,400
so powerful he took his name from the
988
0:53:09,410 --> 0:53:14,740
sun itself so dominant he made the
989
0:53:14,750 --> 0:53:16,870
haughty Asteras de Kratz bend to his
990
0:53:16,880 --> 0:53:17,280
will
991
0:53:17,290 --> 0:53:20,740
I'm so insatiable that no one mistress
992
0:53:20,750 --> 0:53:22,190
could satisfy him for long
993
0:53:22,200 --> 0:53:25,140
[Music]
994
0:53:25,150 --> 0:53:27,930
throughout a long and turbulent life Yui
995
0:53:27,940 --> 0:53:31,589
sought magnificence in all things he
996
0:53:31,599 --> 0:53:35,519
strived for it in love in battle
997
0:53:35,529 --> 0:53:39,870
and in art but above all he wanted
998
0:53:39,880 --> 0:53:42,630
magnificence at Versailles by creating a
999
0:53:42,640 --> 0:53:44,670
building so spectacular it would
1000
0:53:44,680 --> 0:53:48,720
outshine any palace on earth taken from
1001
0:53:48,730 --> 0:53:50,819
intimate memoirs and official records
1002
0:53:50,829 --> 0:53:52,980
this is the story of how a king's
1003
0:53:52,990 --> 0:53:55,769
obsession created one of the wonders of
1004
0:53:55,779 --> 0:53:58,349
the world
1005
0:53:59,120 --> 0:54:02,540
[Music]
1006
0:54:12,990 --> 0:54:19,530
it started in a swamp it was here in a
1007
0:54:19,540 --> 0:54:21,720
stretch of mosquito infested marshland
1008
0:54:21,730 --> 0:54:24,480
that Louie the 27 year old King of
1009
0:54:24,490 --> 0:54:26,790
France decided to construct his new
1010
0:54:26,800 --> 0:54:29,430
palace near a small and unremarkable
1011
0:54:29,440 --> 0:54:35,190
country town called Versailles his
1012
0:54:35,200 --> 0:54:38,910
courtiers were far from impressed
1013
0:54:39,000 --> 0:54:40,670
it was almost as though Louie had
1014
0:54:40,680 --> 0:54:42,380
deliberately picked the worst possible
1015
0:54:42,390 --> 0:54:44,870
site for his magnificent palace in order
1016
0:54:44,880 --> 0:54:47,000
to prove to the world that his will was
1017
0:54:47,010 --> 0:54:48,890
was greater than nature fulfill all of
1018
0:54:48,900 --> 0:54:53,030
his obligations to his wife his marriage
1019
0:54:53,040 --> 0:54:55,070
to Queen Mary to Fez was politically
1020
0:54:55,080 --> 0:54:57,440
vital it had ensured peace between
1021
0:54:57,450 --> 0:55:00,170
France and Spain for many years and he
1022
0:55:00,180 --> 0:55:01,910
needed to father children with her to
1023
0:55:01,920 --> 0:55:06,140
ensure that his dynasty lived on Louie
1024
0:55:06,150 --> 0:55:07,820
did feel a duty towards the Queen he
1025
0:55:07,830 --> 0:55:10,340
made love to her frequently and she
1026
0:55:10,350 --> 0:55:11,690
would always have a special mass said
1027
0:55:11,700 --> 0:55:13,190
the day afterwards and everybody would
1028
0:55:13,200 --> 0:55:14,480
nudge each other at court because she
1029
0:55:14,490 --> 0:55:16,340
looked very pleased as she came into the
1030
0:55:16,350 --> 0:55:19,730
chapel he was attentive to her polite to
1031
0:55:19,740 --> 0:55:22,160
her they they had children together but
1032
0:55:22,170 --> 0:55:25,250
she simply didn't have the looks or the
1033
0:55:25,260 --> 0:55:27,920
education or the spirit or the charm to
1034
0:55:27,930 --> 0:55:32,120
captivate a man like that she accepted
1035
0:55:32,130 --> 0:55:34,670
his infidelity as did most royal and
1036
0:55:34,680 --> 0:55:36,680
aristocratic women at the time as being
1037
0:55:36,690 --> 0:55:40,130
part of of marriage
1038
0:55:40,400 --> 0:55:43,640
Louise mosquito bitten courtiers also
1039
0:55:43,650 --> 0:55:45,820
had to accept their King for what he was
1040
0:55:45,830 --> 0:55:48,920
like all 17th century monarchs Louis
1041
0:55:48,930 --> 0:55:51,020
believed himself appointed directly by
1042
0:55:51,030 --> 0:55:56,660
God yes you so she could you in a minute
1043
0:55:56,670 --> 0:55:58,420
upon me about it Sean on the Chevron
1044
0:55:58,430 --> 0:56:02,900
calls a year honor to come say did that
1045
0:56:03,710 --> 0:56:10,520
cheb rumor and the cookie fianc nobody
1046
0:56:10,530 --> 0:56:12,470
could tell him what to do he was quite
1047
0:56:12,480 --> 0:56:14,810
simply the only power in the realm and
1048
0:56:14,820 --> 0:56:16,550
having had this consciousness since he
1049
0:56:16,560 --> 0:56:19,430
was a very very small child I think it
1050
0:56:19,440 --> 0:56:21,530
meant that he was without any arrogance
1051
0:56:21,540 --> 0:56:25,430
or hubris of the opinion that he was
1052
0:56:25,440 --> 0:56:28,970
pretty much a God himself
1053
0:56:33,340 --> 0:56:35,770
Laveau's plans for the remodeling of
1054
0:56:35,780 --> 0:56:36,550
their son
1055
0:56:36,560 --> 0:56:38,800
Louie's attitude towards women was one
1056
0:56:38,810 --> 0:56:41,410
of tremendous enthusiasm he really loved
1057
0:56:41,420 --> 0:56:42,100
women
1058
0:56:42,110 --> 0:56:44,770
he didn't just love them for sex he
1059
0:56:44,780 --> 0:56:46,000
loved their company he loved the
1060
0:56:46,010 --> 0:56:48,850
conversation he loved their elegance he
1061
0:56:48,860 --> 0:56:51,690
loved women who were witty and refined
1062
0:56:51,700 --> 0:56:54,160
most of all I think he loved women
1063
0:56:54,170 --> 0:56:55,750
because they teased him and made him
1064
0:56:55,760 --> 0:57:01,360
laugh he loved he had a tremendous
1065
0:57:01,370 --> 0:57:04,030
sexual appetite he would quite often if
1066
0:57:04,040 --> 0:57:05,680
his mistress was too slow in taking her
1067
0:57:05,690 --> 0:57:07,150
dress off have a turn with her ladies
1068
0:57:07,160 --> 0:57:09,490
made while he was waiting or a passing
1069
0:57:09,500 --> 0:57:12,430
servant in the corridor at Versailles he
1070
0:57:12,440 --> 0:57:13,870
made love the way he did everything else
1071
0:57:13,880 --> 0:57:19,930
with enormous gusto a French King was
1072
0:57:19,940 --> 0:57:22,720
expected to have a mistress and it sort
1073
0:57:22,730 --> 0:57:24,850
of symbolized the virility of the nation
1074
0:57:24,860 --> 0:57:27,520
and you know a hundred years later poor
1075
0:57:27,530 --> 0:57:29,740
Louis the sixteenth the French were
1076
0:57:29,750 --> 0:57:31,240
furious with him because he didn't have
1077
0:57:31,250 --> 0:57:33,790
a mistress
1078
0:57:34,520 --> 0:57:37,210
louise de la Valliere was near the fort
1079
0:57:37,220 --> 0:57:39,910
in its first official mistress she was a
1080
0:57:39,920 --> 0:57:43,050
lady in waiting at the court she was
1081
0:57:43,060 --> 0:57:45,910
guileless charming daughter over good
1082
0:57:45,920 --> 0:57:48,580
family and she adored the King and it
1083
0:57:48,590 --> 0:57:49,600
was irresistible
1084
0:57:49,610 --> 0:57:51,820
because she convinced him quite
1085
0:57:51,830 --> 0:57:54,100
genuinely that she loved him for himself
1086
0:57:54,110 --> 0:57:56,140
and I think this is what the young king
1087
0:57:56,150 --> 0:57:59,500
wanted to hear I think he had a very
1088
0:57:59,510 --> 0:58:01,990
good time
1089
0:58:03,660 --> 0:58:06,750
Louise was very important to him he did
1090
0:58:06,760 --> 0:58:08,130
love her they have two children together
1091
0:58:08,140 --> 0:58:12,660
he made her a duchess but it was it was
1092
0:58:12,670 --> 0:58:15,180
a young man's crush rather than a
1093
0:58:15,190 --> 0:58:21,690
profound passion whatever his feelings
1094
0:58:21,700 --> 0:58:24,240
for Louise Louise was always careful to
1095
0:58:24,250 --> 0:58:31,150
[Music]
1096
0:58:32,700 --> 0:58:35,190
Louie had a sentimental reason for
1097
0:58:35,200 --> 0:58:38,039
choosing Versailles it was the site of
1098
0:58:38,049 --> 0:58:40,319
his father's old hunting lodge and as a
1099
0:58:40,329 --> 0:58:44,279
boy he played and hunted beer
1100
0:58:47,930 --> 0:58:51,830
the original chateau of Lewis father was
1101
0:58:51,840 --> 0:58:56,030
on top of a hill the problem if he
1102
0:58:56,040 --> 0:58:57,440
wanted to turn it into a whacking great
1103
0:58:57,450 --> 0:58:59,990
palace was that you weren't going to be
1104
0:59:00,000 --> 0:59:02,960
building on flat land Louie was told
1105
0:59:02,970 --> 0:59:04,820
this is not a great place for a big
1106
0:59:04,830 --> 0:59:08,360
expansion of your father's chateau as a
1107
0:59:08,370 --> 0:59:11,180
monarch with absolute power Louie wasn't
1108
0:59:11,190 --> 0:59:13,580
used to being told what to do and he
1109
0:59:13,590 --> 0:59:23,570
didn't much like it never professed an
1110
0:59:23,580 --> 0:59:26,810
optimist editor from the outset Louie
1111
0:59:26,820 --> 0:59:28,070
was thinking big
1112
0:59:28,080 --> 0:59:30,080
he started by hiring the greatest
1113
0:59:30,090 --> 0:59:32,900
architect of the age Louis Louisville to
1114
0:59:32,910 --> 0:59:34,820
transform the hunting lodge into the
1115
0:59:34,830 --> 0:59:36,770
palace of his dreams
1116
0:59:36,780 --> 0:59:39,250
[Music]
1117
0:59:39,260 --> 0:59:41,540
Louis was to devote much of his energy
1118
0:59:41,550 --> 0:59:44,000
to his new project but he was always
1119
0:59:44,010 --> 0:59:46,280
sure to make time for his other great
1120
0:59:46,290 --> 0:59:49,940
passion although married to Queen Mary
1121
0:59:49,950 --> 0:59:53,270
Terez he had numerous Affairs his
1122
0:59:53,280 --> 0:59:54,620
current mistress was a young
1123
0:59:54,630 --> 0:59:57,110
aristocratic beauty called Louise de
1124
0:59:57,120 --> 0:59:59,390
l'avenir
1125
1:00:04,940 --> 1:00:08,120
no dignity
1126
1:00:10,779 --> 1:00:13,799
unless I were complete and ready to
1127
1:00:13,809 --> 1:00:17,369
present to his demanding boss
1128
1:00:19,140 --> 1:00:25,610
[Music]
1129
1:00:25,620 --> 1:00:28,280
Louis certainly knew that what he wanted
1130
1:00:28,290 --> 1:00:30,800
was a building which had that shock and
1131
1:00:30,810 --> 1:00:34,160
awe effect there's absolutely no doubt
1132
1:00:34,170 --> 1:00:36,530
that he wanted a building that would be
1133
1:00:36,540 --> 1:00:40,580
sensational Laveau's model was
1134
1:00:40,590 --> 1:00:43,730
impressive but had a major flaw he
1135
1:00:43,740 --> 1:00:47,690
planned to destroy the old hunting lodge
1136
1:00:48,690 --> 1:00:55,979
selamat Iman telmanovo the idea with the
1137
1:00:55,989 --> 1:00:58,440
four enables to keep always little
1138
1:00:58,450 --> 1:01:01,049
shadow of his father so that was a
1139
1:01:01,059 --> 1:01:02,279
problem for an architect because
1140
1:01:02,289 --> 1:01:04,440
architects prefer to destroy everything
1141
1:01:04,450 --> 1:01:07,769
and to build a new new building so Louis
1142
1:01:07,779 --> 1:01:10,440
and the architect away and he told him I
1143
1:01:10,450 --> 1:01:12,839
want this Sutra to preserved with the
1144
1:01:12,849 --> 1:01:14,670
consumer not want his soul of a demon
1145
1:01:14,680 --> 1:01:17,099
division no pleasure Vivek animal demo
1146
1:01:17,109 --> 1:01:18,959
purpose also to Cocoplum preservation
1147
1:01:18,969 --> 1:01:28,229
Chateau with Laveau sent back to the
1148
1:01:28,239 --> 1:01:28,859
drawing board
1149
1:01:28,869 --> 1:01:30,450
Louie turned his attention to the
1150
1:01:30,460 --> 1:01:33,719
landscape he wanted to expand the
1151
1:01:33,729 --> 1:01:36,420
existing garden adding ornamental lakes
1152
1:01:36,430 --> 1:01:39,769
and groves lined with dazzling fountains
1153
1:01:39,779 --> 1:01:45,959
but he'd picked an awful sight there
1154
1:01:45,969 --> 1:01:48,269
were no views its hemmed in by the sides
1155
1:01:48,279 --> 1:01:52,380
of Valley and also Versailles wasn't
1156
1:01:52,390 --> 1:01:54,539
naturally endowed the region with the
1157
1:01:54,549 --> 1:01:56,729
sort of trees which Louie wanted for his
1158
1:01:56,739 --> 1:01:59,249
garden Louie's chief gardener was the
1159
1:01:59,259 --> 1:02:01,710
century's most
78549
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