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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:19,600 --> 00:00:24,440 Destiny can be shaped by an encounter between two people. 2 00:00:27,760 --> 00:00:32,760 If their paths never crossed, how different would history be? 3 00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:36,880 But brought together by the fates 4 00:00:36,960 --> 00:00:42,040 and driven by fierce ambition, determination, and love, 5 00:00:42,960 --> 00:00:44,840 empires can be built... 6 00:00:47,240 --> 00:00:49,600 or shaken to their very core. 7 00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:52,600 Got you. 8 00:00:52,680 --> 00:00:53,760 You cheat. 9 00:00:53,840 --> 00:00:55,000 How did I cheat? 10 00:00:55,040 --> 00:00:56,480 You cheated. 11 00:00:56,560 --> 00:01:00,880 Together, Mark Antony and Cleopatra will do both... 12 00:01:02,440 --> 00:01:06,440 blazing their own unforgettable trail through history. 13 00:01:06,520 --> 00:01:07,520 What? 14 00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:09,519 I'm pregnant. 15 00:01:34,280 --> 00:01:38,080 After Cleopatra entertains Mark Antony in Tarsus, 16 00:01:38,160 --> 00:01:40,640 she invites him back to Alexandria. 17 00:01:50,120 --> 00:01:53,280 The relationship between Cleopatra and Mark Antony 18 00:01:53,360 --> 00:01:57,680 definitely begins as a pragmatic political arrangement. 19 00:01:57,760 --> 00:02:00,560 But it seems to quickly develop into something more 20 00:02:00,640 --> 00:02:03,280 where there really is love between them. 21 00:02:06,080 --> 00:02:09,960 While Mark Antony is in Alexandria, he's having a great time there. 22 00:02:10,640 --> 00:02:14,479 But he's also gonna be uneasy because in Rome, 23 00:02:14,560 --> 00:02:17,800 there is an agreement now that power is being shared. 24 00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:21,040 Octavian pretty much holds the West. 25 00:02:21,120 --> 00:02:23,280 Mark Antony, the East. 26 00:02:24,800 --> 00:02:26,080 They both have ambitions 27 00:02:26,120 --> 00:02:28,480 to get the other person out of the picture. 28 00:02:40,280 --> 00:02:41,440 Where have you gone to? 29 00:02:43,800 --> 00:02:44,840 I am here. 30 00:02:46,240 --> 00:02:47,480 Nothing is wrong. 31 00:02:48,840 --> 00:02:49,840 Don't do that. 32 00:02:50,760 --> 00:02:52,520 - Do what? - Lie to me. 33 00:02:53,240 --> 00:02:54,240 I'm not. 34 00:02:55,680 --> 00:02:57,480 You can't share my bed and lie to me. 35 00:03:02,080 --> 00:03:03,720 It's Octavian. 36 00:03:06,800 --> 00:03:09,400 There are rumors he's threatening to break the alliances, 37 00:03:10,600 --> 00:03:11,960 making moves of his own. 38 00:03:16,520 --> 00:03:18,000 What sort of moves? 39 00:03:18,520 --> 00:03:19,800 It isn't clear yet. 40 00:03:21,480 --> 00:03:23,960 Then why are you waiting? 41 00:03:26,160 --> 00:03:29,440 Mark, you should be in Rome right now finding out for yourself. 42 00:03:30,480 --> 00:03:32,120 I'll not give him the satisfaction. 43 00:03:33,960 --> 00:03:37,040 How dare he try to upset an alliance that you made possible? 44 00:03:38,880 --> 00:03:41,320 No, Mark, you need to go back to Rome 45 00:03:41,400 --> 00:03:44,240 and put that little bird back in his cage before he grows wings 46 00:03:44,320 --> 00:03:46,600 and tries to destroy everything you've fought for. 47 00:03:54,280 --> 00:03:56,960 Mark Antony stays away too long. 48 00:03:57,440 --> 00:03:59,720 He isn't doing Roman business. 49 00:04:01,720 --> 00:04:05,200 That leaves Octavian in Rome, 50 00:04:05,280 --> 00:04:08,360 in the seat of power, close to the Senate. 51 00:04:08,440 --> 00:04:14,640 All they hear back in Rome is about the extravagant banquets. 52 00:04:19,040 --> 00:04:20,120 Go, my love. 53 00:04:23,320 --> 00:04:25,360 We will be here waiting for you... 54 00:04:26,240 --> 00:04:27,560 when you get back. 55 00:04:43,960 --> 00:04:48,000 Octavian is beginning to undermine 56 00:04:48,080 --> 00:04:52,080 Mark Antony's reputation in Rome, 57 00:04:52,160 --> 00:04:57,200 hinting that the same thing that happened to Julius Caesar with Cleopatra 58 00:04:57,280 --> 00:04:59,240 is now happening to him. 59 00:05:00,160 --> 00:05:02,240 Cleopatra persuades him. 60 00:05:02,320 --> 00:05:03,440 "Go back to Rome. 61 00:05:04,920 --> 00:05:07,920 Make sure Octavian is under your thumb 62 00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:09,760 instead of the other way around." 63 00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:21,760 When Mark Antony leaves Egypt and goes back to Rome 64 00:05:21,840 --> 00:05:25,200 to repair his relationship with Octavian, 65 00:05:25,280 --> 00:05:26,840 Cleopatra is pregnant. 66 00:05:29,080 --> 00:05:32,680 Mark Antony may have been infatuated with Cleopatra, 67 00:05:33,280 --> 00:05:34,640 but when it comes to marriage, 68 00:05:34,720 --> 00:05:37,600 he picks what he thinks 69 00:05:38,320 --> 00:05:42,080 is the most politically sound person. 70 00:05:45,160 --> 00:05:48,040 When you are Gaius, then I am Gaia. 71 00:05:49,120 --> 00:05:51,720 When you are Gaius, then I am Gaia. 72 00:05:52,800 --> 00:05:59,760 Mark Antony marries Octavian's sister, Octavia. 73 00:06:13,800 --> 00:06:17,440 It's somebody who's related directly to Octavian. 74 00:06:17,520 --> 00:06:21,320 It's someone who ensures, or so he thinks, 75 00:06:21,400 --> 00:06:24,200 that Octavian will be on his side. 76 00:06:34,720 --> 00:06:38,320 In ancient Egypt, when she was having a child, 77 00:06:38,400 --> 00:06:41,080 that was considered a very dangerous time for a woman. 78 00:06:41,160 --> 00:06:46,960 Not only is she at risk of losing the baby and losing her life, 79 00:06:47,040 --> 00:06:50,880 but the country itself is at risk of losing its ruler. 80 00:06:50,960 --> 00:06:55,080 No! 81 00:07:03,600 --> 00:07:08,080 Cleopatra gives birth to twins. 82 00:07:10,600 --> 00:07:12,280 It was seen as something divine. 83 00:07:12,360 --> 00:07:15,720 It was seen as a gift from... from the gods. 84 00:07:15,800 --> 00:07:22,280 And it cemented Cleopatra's image as Isis. 85 00:07:28,920 --> 00:07:35,920 Cleopatra knows the Roman tradition of political marriages. 86 00:07:37,200 --> 00:07:40,760 She understands why Mark Antony had to do this. 87 00:07:41,320 --> 00:07:43,920 Mark Antony marries Octavia for political reasons, 88 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:47,240 to appease her brother Octavian. 89 00:07:48,040 --> 00:07:49,760 It's, again, a strategic move. 90 00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:55,280 In Cleopatra's mind, it's fine. 91 00:07:55,960 --> 00:07:59,280 Go ahead, take a Roman wife. Sure. 92 00:07:59,360 --> 00:08:01,680 But he doesn't come back for three years. 93 00:08:02,560 --> 00:08:04,800 What's that? What's that? Yeah. 94 00:08:04,880 --> 00:08:06,520 Caesar had a Roman wife. 95 00:08:06,600 --> 00:08:08,120 He still wrote to her, 96 00:08:08,640 --> 00:08:10,960 took an interest in their child. 97 00:08:12,280 --> 00:08:14,920 Mark Antony, not a word. 98 00:08:16,080 --> 00:08:16,920 Not a word. 99 00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:21,960 Even after Cleopatra delivers twins. 100 00:08:26,320 --> 00:08:28,600 Not a word. 101 00:08:31,560 --> 00:08:33,760 Essentially, he ghosts her. He's gone. 102 00:08:41,320 --> 00:08:43,400 But during that time, 103 00:08:43,480 --> 00:08:47,039 Cleopatra turns Egypt's fortunes around. 104 00:08:50,320 --> 00:08:52,440 She's increased taxes a bit, 105 00:08:52,520 --> 00:08:53,960 but she's also increased exports. 106 00:08:54,040 --> 00:08:56,440 She's increased employment. 107 00:08:56,520 --> 00:09:02,840 And suddenly, Egypt's situation is looking very prosperous. 108 00:09:04,520 --> 00:09:09,560 The sources on Rome don't have any details about... 109 00:09:10,240 --> 00:09:14,480 what Cleopatra did during the three years. 110 00:09:14,560 --> 00:09:18,240 But from Arabic accounts, Egypt was thriving. 111 00:09:19,000 --> 00:09:21,520 The economy was, like, booming. 112 00:09:22,600 --> 00:09:25,160 The people loved Cleopatra. 113 00:09:26,000 --> 00:09:28,960 She was seen as an effective leader. 114 00:09:43,160 --> 00:09:44,336 During those three years 115 00:09:44,360 --> 00:09:47,320 that Mark Antony stays away from Cleopatra, 116 00:09:47,400 --> 00:09:52,120 he's busy building an Eastern Empire and waging war against Parthia, 117 00:09:53,240 --> 00:09:56,200 a major power in what is now modern-day Iran. 118 00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:04,560 Mark Antony wants to be able to gain control of the Parthians 119 00:10:04,640 --> 00:10:08,320 because this will elevate his own standing within the Roman Empire 120 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:10,560 and establish him as a significant power player 121 00:10:10,640 --> 00:10:12,120 in association with Octavian. 122 00:10:13,720 --> 00:10:16,720 The Romans have been trying to conquer the Parthians for a while 123 00:10:16,760 --> 00:10:18,040 and haven't been successful, 124 00:10:18,120 --> 00:10:20,760 and so, that would be an important establishment for him. 125 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:25,240 He thought he was going to be supported by Octavian, 126 00:10:25,320 --> 00:10:29,200 but Octavian doesn't really help him in the way that Antony expected. 127 00:10:29,280 --> 00:10:30,640 He needs military support. 128 00:10:30,720 --> 00:10:31,920 He needs money. 129 00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:34,440 Mark Antony has the expectation 130 00:10:34,520 --> 00:10:38,040 that by marrying Octavia, Octavian's sister, 131 00:10:38,120 --> 00:10:40,800 he's going to get what he needs from Octavian 132 00:10:40,880 --> 00:10:42,680 for the Parthian campaign. 133 00:10:42,760 --> 00:10:46,000 However, Octavian only provides him with two legions, 134 00:10:46,080 --> 00:10:49,040 and so he still requires more forces 135 00:10:49,120 --> 00:10:52,800 if he's going to have a successful invasion of the East. 136 00:10:56,480 --> 00:10:58,440 As conflict intensifies, 137 00:10:58,520 --> 00:11:03,000 Mark Antony knows that now he needs to seek alliances, 138 00:11:03,080 --> 00:11:05,880 and Cleopatra has to be top on his list. 139 00:11:06,800 --> 00:11:08,640 Mark Antony summons Cleopatra. 140 00:11:08,720 --> 00:11:10,200 He can't rely on Octavian, 141 00:11:11,080 --> 00:11:15,320 and he's realized that he does need Cleopatra. 142 00:11:21,640 --> 00:11:24,520 After Mark Antony summons Cleopatra, 143 00:11:24,600 --> 00:11:27,640 she travels to Antioch in Syria. 144 00:11:32,280 --> 00:11:33,720 At this stage, 145 00:11:33,800 --> 00:11:35,720 Cleopatra does have the upper hand, 146 00:11:35,800 --> 00:11:38,400 and she's the one who can make demands. 147 00:11:42,280 --> 00:11:45,080 She wants old Ptolemaic territories, 148 00:11:45,160 --> 00:11:46,320 and she wants to ensure 149 00:11:46,400 --> 00:11:48,920 that these territories can return to her kingdom. 150 00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:51,680 Those territories being Cyprus and Crete, especially. 151 00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:10,960 Please clear the room. 152 00:12:20,280 --> 00:12:21,840 - Cleopatra... - No. 153 00:12:22,480 --> 00:12:24,240 You don't get to explain. 154 00:12:24,320 --> 00:12:26,120 You had three years. 155 00:12:26,840 --> 00:12:27,920 Not a word. 156 00:12:28,560 --> 00:12:29,720 Not to me 157 00:12:29,800 --> 00:12:31,200 or the children. 158 00:12:31,800 --> 00:12:33,760 The children, did you bring them? 159 00:12:35,960 --> 00:12:37,200 Did I bring them? 160 00:12:41,200 --> 00:12:42,280 To you? 161 00:12:43,560 --> 00:12:45,400 I know the reason you summoned me here. 162 00:12:48,360 --> 00:12:49,360 I know... 163 00:12:50,560 --> 00:12:52,760 about your sorry little dance with Octavian. 164 00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:55,840 I have spies of my own. 165 00:12:59,600 --> 00:13:01,200 I know you need my help. 166 00:13:04,840 --> 00:13:06,320 Why should I give it to you? 167 00:13:09,920 --> 00:13:11,000 You're right. 168 00:13:12,800 --> 00:13:14,040 You're absolutely right. 169 00:13:21,120 --> 00:13:24,000 What we're seeing are two power players coming together 170 00:13:24,080 --> 00:13:27,840 to try to figure out how to best promote, 171 00:13:27,920 --> 00:13:30,640 uh, each other's mutual interests. 172 00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:33,280 And so Mark Antony needs Cleopatra 173 00:13:33,360 --> 00:13:38,000 for his ongoing structuring of the Eastern Roman Empire. 174 00:13:38,080 --> 00:13:39,880 He doesn't have enough men. 175 00:13:39,960 --> 00:13:41,520 He doesn't have enough supplies. 176 00:13:41,600 --> 00:13:44,960 She needs him for her associations with Rome. 177 00:13:46,800 --> 00:13:48,960 She gives him a list of demands. 178 00:13:50,880 --> 00:13:52,880 And it's basically, 179 00:13:52,960 --> 00:13:58,280 "I want everything back that Julius Caesar took away." 180 00:13:58,360 --> 00:14:03,160 She wants Mark Antony to claim the twins as his 181 00:14:03,240 --> 00:14:07,880 and also be given territories to be in charge of. 182 00:14:09,640 --> 00:14:15,200 And also Caesarion, she wants recognized as the son of Julius Caesar. 183 00:14:15,280 --> 00:14:16,360 That's still important. 184 00:14:21,280 --> 00:14:22,440 I want it. 185 00:14:24,280 --> 00:14:25,600 I want it all. 186 00:14:27,760 --> 00:14:31,160 Cleopatra and Mark Antony spend an entire winter 187 00:14:31,240 --> 00:14:34,680 in Antioch, Syria, negotiating. 188 00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:36,200 What Cleopatra wants 189 00:14:36,280 --> 00:14:39,480 is to restore the glory of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. 190 00:14:41,240 --> 00:14:42,840 So, I thought about your demands, 191 00:14:43,520 --> 00:14:45,240 about everything you want. 192 00:14:46,440 --> 00:14:47,880 Everything I deserve. 193 00:14:48,600 --> 00:14:50,160 Everything Egypt deserves. 194 00:14:50,240 --> 00:14:52,080 Well, it's still an enormous price. 195 00:14:52,160 --> 00:14:54,760 For an enormous ask which only Egypt can provide. 196 00:14:54,840 --> 00:14:56,920 I'm not here to argue with you, Pharoah. 197 00:14:57,480 --> 00:14:58,560 Why are you here then? 198 00:14:59,240 --> 00:15:00,720 Why am I here? 199 00:15:09,080 --> 00:15:10,280 I'm here because you win. 200 00:15:13,240 --> 00:15:14,400 I win what? 201 00:15:16,080 --> 00:15:17,160 Everything. 202 00:15:19,720 --> 00:15:20,800 Why? 203 00:15:21,800 --> 00:15:22,840 Because of us. 204 00:15:26,080 --> 00:15:28,440 Can I really trust you? 205 00:15:29,120 --> 00:15:31,560 I can't share your bed and lie to you, now can I? 206 00:15:33,520 --> 00:15:34,680 Your rules. 207 00:15:39,800 --> 00:15:42,200 This means that Cleopatra is more powerful than ever. 208 00:15:42,760 --> 00:15:46,480 She's now restored the Ptolemaic Kingdom to its former glory. 209 00:15:46,560 --> 00:15:51,280 And in return, Mark Antony gets the military manpower that he needs 210 00:15:51,360 --> 00:15:52,960 for his Parthian campaign. 211 00:15:54,080 --> 00:15:58,240 Egypt regaining control of these territories 212 00:15:58,320 --> 00:16:03,240 allowed Egypt to prosper in truly remarkable ways. 213 00:16:03,320 --> 00:16:07,080 The more a nation owns land, 214 00:16:07,160 --> 00:16:11,560 the wealthier the core of that empire becomes. 215 00:16:11,640 --> 00:16:15,600 So, these lands would have added substantial power, wealth, 216 00:16:15,680 --> 00:16:17,920 and security to Cleopatra, 217 00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:22,000 which are key elements that she always wants, 218 00:16:22,080 --> 00:16:25,040 that every Ptolemaic King wants. 219 00:16:28,960 --> 00:16:30,960 And it's at this point, 220 00:16:31,040 --> 00:16:34,400 Mark Antony meets for the first time 221 00:16:34,480 --> 00:16:37,000 his children by Cleopatra. 222 00:16:39,320 --> 00:16:41,840 My little god. Hello. 223 00:16:42,840 --> 00:16:44,120 Hello to you. 224 00:16:44,200 --> 00:16:46,560 - Are you gonna come here too? - Yeah. That's it. 225 00:16:46,640 --> 00:16:49,480 My perfect little gods. Look at you both. 226 00:16:49,560 --> 00:16:50,960 Look at you both. 227 00:16:54,120 --> 00:16:55,600 And from all accounts, 228 00:16:55,680 --> 00:16:59,000 he is absolutely besotted with them. 229 00:17:00,080 --> 00:17:04,440 He does name his twins the Sun and the Moon. 230 00:17:04,520 --> 00:17:07,640 Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene. 231 00:17:09,440 --> 00:17:13,160 Mark Antony and Cleopatra are elevating their children 232 00:17:13,240 --> 00:17:16,839 to, literally, the sun and moon in the heavens. 233 00:17:16,920 --> 00:17:19,560 They are setting them up to be the inheritors 234 00:17:19,640 --> 00:17:21,680 of a massive Eastern Empire 235 00:17:21,760 --> 00:17:25,200 that Mark Antony and Cleopatra are creating together. 236 00:17:25,280 --> 00:17:27,839 We bow too. Yes. 237 00:17:28,680 --> 00:17:29,880 - My lord. - Aw. 238 00:17:29,960 --> 00:17:33,280 Although Mark Antony is preparing to invade Parthia, 239 00:17:33,359 --> 00:17:36,000 these are months where Mark Antony and Cleopatra 240 00:17:36,080 --> 00:17:40,520 have a chance to rekindle their romance and time together as a family. 241 00:17:40,600 --> 00:17:43,400 And she becomes pregnant with their third child. 242 00:17:45,480 --> 00:17:46,960 Then life got in the way. 243 00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:49,640 And life for them is kind of, like, very serious. 244 00:17:49,720 --> 00:17:51,880 Politics, strategy, wars, 245 00:17:51,960 --> 00:17:55,000 trying to stop the Parthians from, uh, invading his territory. 246 00:18:13,960 --> 00:18:16,240 Despite Cleopatra's financial support, 247 00:18:16,320 --> 00:18:19,200 Mark Antony's Parthian invasion fails. 248 00:18:19,760 --> 00:18:25,000 Much of this is because his former ally, the King of Armenia, betrays him. 249 00:18:26,240 --> 00:18:30,160 The Parthians essentially defeat Mark Antony. 250 00:18:30,240 --> 00:18:33,200 It's... it's a disastrous campaign for Mark Antony. 251 00:18:33,280 --> 00:18:35,360 He loses thousands of men. 252 00:18:35,440 --> 00:18:38,160 Huge damage to his supplies. 253 00:18:38,920 --> 00:18:42,000 And it's a perfect opportunity for Octavian to make use of that. 254 00:18:42,080 --> 00:18:43,760 But now he has this tangible evidence 255 00:18:43,840 --> 00:18:46,760 that Mark Antony is an inefficient commander. 256 00:18:55,520 --> 00:18:57,720 At this point, Cleopatra is back in Egypt. 257 00:18:57,800 --> 00:19:01,000 She's not able to accompany Mark Antony on the campaign 258 00:19:01,080 --> 00:19:04,160 because she's giving birth to their third child together... 259 00:19:04,240 --> 00:19:06,040 ...Ptolemy. 260 00:19:10,160 --> 00:19:12,440 What? 261 00:19:13,720 --> 00:19:16,840 His campaign is not going exactly according to plan. 262 00:19:18,280 --> 00:19:21,760 And Octavian grows in confidence with each of Antony's defeats. 263 00:19:22,320 --> 00:19:25,120 And this last battle, Antony is... 264 00:19:28,480 --> 00:19:30,240 It annoys me when you stop like that. 265 00:19:30,320 --> 00:19:32,640 Pharaoh, right now, these are just rumors. 266 00:19:32,720 --> 00:19:35,096 We should know more from our trusted official channels soon. 267 00:19:35,120 --> 00:19:36,000 How soon? 268 00:19:36,080 --> 00:19:37,360 In a few weeks or... 269 00:19:37,440 --> 00:19:38,600 That isn't good enough. 270 00:19:39,320 --> 00:19:40,520 If we're hearing these rumors, 271 00:19:40,600 --> 00:19:42,520 you can be sure Octavian is hearing them as well. 272 00:19:42,560 --> 00:19:44,480 I will push for a faster response. 273 00:19:44,560 --> 00:19:45,560 Hm. 274 00:19:46,560 --> 00:19:49,000 In the interim, how else would you like to proceed? 275 00:19:50,120 --> 00:19:51,840 Find out where Antony is. 276 00:19:57,480 --> 00:20:00,880 Cleopatra is concerned about Mark Antony's losses, 277 00:20:00,960 --> 00:20:04,240 and so she goes to visit him in Antioch, Syria, 278 00:20:04,320 --> 00:20:06,840 where he has retreated with his troops. 279 00:20:17,160 --> 00:20:19,920 I said do not disturb me! 280 00:20:26,360 --> 00:20:27,600 Cleopatra. 281 00:20:36,560 --> 00:20:37,920 Nothing is working. 282 00:20:40,520 --> 00:20:43,120 That hairless little prick is trumping my every move, all of them. 283 00:20:43,920 --> 00:20:45,680 Then make new moves. 284 00:20:45,760 --> 00:20:47,880 I have. A dozen times. 285 00:20:48,520 --> 00:20:50,560 It's as if he can read my mind. 286 00:20:52,640 --> 00:20:53,640 Enough. 287 00:20:59,280 --> 00:21:01,280 No matter what I do, he is there. 288 00:21:10,240 --> 00:21:12,320 How could he possibly read your mind? 289 00:21:14,440 --> 00:21:16,400 Have you forgotten who you are? 290 00:21:19,160 --> 00:21:22,120 You are a better man than Octavian will ever be. 291 00:21:23,600 --> 00:21:26,680 You're stronger. You are a better soldier. 292 00:21:26,760 --> 00:21:27,920 A better fighter. 293 00:21:28,520 --> 00:21:29,760 And you can do it. 294 00:21:31,160 --> 00:21:33,040 You have all of Egypt behind you. 295 00:21:34,560 --> 00:21:35,960 You must go out there... 296 00:21:37,080 --> 00:21:40,240 and act like you know what you are. 297 00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:45,000 What am I, Cleopatra? What am I? 298 00:21:46,160 --> 00:21:48,000 You are a warrior. 299 00:21:48,080 --> 00:21:50,040 You are my warrior. 300 00:21:52,640 --> 00:21:54,600 - Remember that. - Yes. 301 00:21:54,680 --> 00:21:55,920 - Okay? - Yes. 302 00:21:56,000 --> 00:21:57,000 Okay. 303 00:21:58,760 --> 00:22:01,000 Act like you know you've already won. 304 00:22:01,080 --> 00:22:02,120 I already won. 305 00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:03,880 I won. 306 00:22:04,520 --> 00:22:05,600 And I love you. 307 00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:12,000 Cleopatra is in quite deep now with Mark Antony. 308 00:22:12,080 --> 00:22:15,280 Also, three kids involved. 309 00:22:15,360 --> 00:22:21,640 And Mark Antony has not just promised her support, 310 00:22:21,720 --> 00:22:24,080 he's also promised to take care of her kids 311 00:22:24,160 --> 00:22:27,960 by giving them different territories around the region. 312 00:22:28,920 --> 00:22:31,920 Mark Antony needs her financial support. 313 00:22:32,640 --> 00:22:36,320 Cleopatra is the one calling the shots. 314 00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:40,680 To cement their relationship 315 00:22:40,760 --> 00:22:47,440 and to... give it a divine validity, 316 00:22:49,400 --> 00:22:52,840 Cleopatra marries Mark Antony. 317 00:22:59,280 --> 00:23:03,720 Mark Antony's marriage to Cleopatra is frowned upon in Rome. 318 00:23:03,800 --> 00:23:08,080 He is already married to Octavia, Octavian's sister. 319 00:23:08,720 --> 00:23:11,000 In Egypt, it's a different story. 320 00:23:11,080 --> 00:23:13,200 Kings often had multiple wives, 321 00:23:13,280 --> 00:23:17,560 and Cleopatra is only married to one person at this point in time. 322 00:23:17,640 --> 00:23:19,000 Mark Antony. 323 00:23:24,920 --> 00:23:28,920 There's a big ceremony that follows the marriage. 324 00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:31,480 The Donations of Alexandria. 325 00:23:41,120 --> 00:23:42,960 Your Isis greets you. 326 00:23:45,520 --> 00:23:48,400 I pity enemies of Egypt. 327 00:23:49,360 --> 00:23:53,920 I pity them more when Egypt and Rome are united. 328 00:23:55,960 --> 00:24:00,280 These vipers underestimate our divine union, 329 00:24:00,360 --> 00:24:01,760 our wisdom, 330 00:24:03,440 --> 00:24:04,720 our wealth, 331 00:24:05,680 --> 00:24:06,800 our numbers, 332 00:24:07,520 --> 00:24:10,080 the favor of our gods. 333 00:24:16,600 --> 00:24:18,760 Today, I stand here. 334 00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:24,160 We stand here before you 335 00:24:25,240 --> 00:24:28,280 with our divine future thriving before us. 336 00:24:29,960 --> 00:24:31,920 The ceremony was extremely lavish. 337 00:24:32,000 --> 00:24:33,800 We have the children dressed in costume, 338 00:24:33,880 --> 00:24:36,320 we have Cleopatra dressed as Isis. 339 00:24:36,400 --> 00:24:41,600 And Mark Antony is essentially giving the territories of Rome to the family. 340 00:24:41,680 --> 00:24:43,200 And I promise you, 341 00:24:44,080 --> 00:24:48,840 anyone who dares to threaten our divine union 342 00:24:49,880 --> 00:24:52,440 will regret the day they were born! 343 00:25:03,600 --> 00:25:06,040 At the Donation of Alexandria, 344 00:25:06,120 --> 00:25:08,040 Mark Antony stands up and proclaims 345 00:25:08,120 --> 00:25:11,560 that Caesarion is, is Julius Caesar's heir. 346 00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:17,600 Mark Antony formally hands over 347 00:25:17,680 --> 00:25:21,480 all of the territories that Cleopatra wanted. 348 00:25:21,560 --> 00:25:23,560 The Donations of Alexandria 349 00:25:23,640 --> 00:25:28,960 not only recreate the Ptolemaic Empire at its greatest extent, 350 00:25:29,040 --> 00:25:31,320 but it actually gives to Egypt 351 00:25:32,000 --> 00:25:37,520 more territory than the Ptolemaic Empire had ever controlled before. 352 00:25:46,840 --> 00:25:49,240 In addition to giving away the Roman territories, um, 353 00:25:49,320 --> 00:25:52,760 Mark Antony now divorces, um, Octavian's sister. 354 00:25:52,840 --> 00:25:54,560 So, to add insult to injury, 355 00:25:54,640 --> 00:25:58,520 uh, Mark Antony almost seems as if he's cutting his ties with Rome. 356 00:25:58,600 --> 00:26:01,920 You know that emoji where the head explodes? 357 00:26:03,000 --> 00:26:08,080 That's Octavian when he hears about the Donations of Alexandria. 358 00:26:08,680 --> 00:26:11,160 "What is Mark Antony doing? 359 00:26:13,120 --> 00:26:14,920 He's lost his mind. 360 00:26:16,240 --> 00:26:18,760 He doesn't have the power to do this." 361 00:26:20,880 --> 00:26:26,560 But at the same time, this gives Octavian the perfect piece of propaganda. 362 00:26:26,640 --> 00:26:30,320 Look at Mark Antony behaving like an eastern king. 363 00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:35,200 Look at Mark Antony not acting the part of a true and proper Roman. 364 00:26:35,280 --> 00:26:40,840 It's very easy then for Octavian to cast the Donations of Alexandria 365 00:26:40,920 --> 00:26:43,120 as an anti-Roman plot. 366 00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:52,160 Mark Antony gives Octavian the excuse for war. 367 00:26:53,280 --> 00:26:55,600 But not against Mark Antony 368 00:26:56,560 --> 00:27:01,760 because the Roman people cannot endure another civil war. 369 00:27:02,600 --> 00:27:04,360 Who's the scapegoat then? 370 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:07,680 Cleopatra. 371 00:27:08,160 --> 00:27:09,720 "It's that witch." 372 00:27:09,800 --> 00:27:11,520 "It's that witch." 373 00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:13,560 And that's the beginning. 374 00:27:13,640 --> 00:27:17,520 That's the beginning of the propaganda 375 00:27:18,600 --> 00:27:21,840 against Cleopatra by Octavian. 376 00:27:21,920 --> 00:27:25,840 And it's the beginning of the unraveling 377 00:27:25,920 --> 00:27:29,120 of Mark Antony's reputation in Rome. 378 00:27:39,160 --> 00:27:40,560 Mm. 379 00:27:42,240 --> 00:27:43,320 So... 380 00:27:44,680 --> 00:27:47,960 ...Octavian thinks you've bewitched me... 381 00:27:51,640 --> 00:27:54,360 and put all of Rome in danger. 382 00:27:55,120 --> 00:27:56,120 Hm. 383 00:27:57,880 --> 00:27:58,880 Good. 384 00:28:00,760 --> 00:28:05,040 Octavian is very angry and offended. 385 00:28:05,120 --> 00:28:10,080 He's released this vicious propaganda against Cleopatra. 386 00:28:10,160 --> 00:28:16,520 So, even though Mark Antony was the one who was unfaithful to his sister, 387 00:28:16,600 --> 00:28:20,440 uh, Cleopatra is framed as this great seductress, 388 00:28:20,520 --> 00:28:23,720 and she's done these, these things to trap him. 389 00:28:23,800 --> 00:28:28,120 Little angry men often make big mistakes. 390 00:28:29,320 --> 00:28:33,560 Octavian's mistake is how much he underestimates us. 391 00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:37,400 I think we should destroy him. 392 00:28:42,360 --> 00:28:43,360 Hm. 393 00:28:51,800 --> 00:28:54,520 At this particular point, um... 394 00:28:55,680 --> 00:28:58,640 Octavian has declared war on Cleopatra. 395 00:29:05,480 --> 00:29:07,240 In 31 BCE, 396 00:29:07,320 --> 00:29:14,000 Cleopatra and Mark Antony go head-to-head in all-out naval warfare with Octavian 397 00:29:14,080 --> 00:29:16,640 in what is known as the Battle of Actium. 398 00:29:19,480 --> 00:29:22,720 This is the climax of a decade of rivalry. 399 00:29:30,360 --> 00:29:35,440 She goes with many ships, thousands of soldiers, 400 00:29:35,520 --> 00:29:37,840 and they head towards Greece. 401 00:29:40,800 --> 00:29:45,600 Cleopatra is very actively involved in military life. 402 00:29:46,080 --> 00:29:48,560 She wants to know the details, 403 00:29:48,640 --> 00:29:51,520 she wants to know the tactics, she wants to play a part in them. 404 00:29:51,600 --> 00:29:55,040 And she... she's not a leader who's in the palace. 405 00:29:55,120 --> 00:29:57,440 She's very much on the front line. 406 00:30:05,480 --> 00:30:08,920 This is gonna be a showdown that's gonna change 407 00:30:09,000 --> 00:30:11,000 the history of Rome 408 00:30:11,080 --> 00:30:13,240 and change the history of Egypt. 409 00:30:16,720 --> 00:30:21,000 Cleopatra and Mark Antony plan their naval strategy together. 410 00:30:21,080 --> 00:30:26,840 She's supplying 200 of their 800 ships and nearly all of the financing. 411 00:30:26,920 --> 00:30:30,560 But this doesn't sit well with all of Antony's generals, 412 00:30:30,640 --> 00:30:34,080 some of whom don't want to take orders from a woman. 413 00:30:34,160 --> 00:30:35,840 With all due respect, 414 00:30:35,920 --> 00:30:38,640 our allegiance is to the General, not a... 415 00:30:38,720 --> 00:30:41,200 You will do well to remember what I bring to the table. 416 00:30:41,280 --> 00:30:43,440 - Oh, you dare to talk to me like... - Enough! 417 00:30:45,080 --> 00:30:47,400 - What she suggests goes against... - She? 418 00:30:50,400 --> 00:30:52,440 What I think you meant to say was, 419 00:30:53,000 --> 00:30:54,360 "Thank you, Isis, 420 00:30:55,000 --> 00:30:58,560 for providing us with the world's most invincible naval fleet, 421 00:30:58,640 --> 00:31:00,440 which we will deploy immediately, 422 00:31:00,520 --> 00:31:03,480 with a force so mighty that Octavian won't know what's hit him." 423 00:31:05,160 --> 00:31:06,080 Am I correct? 424 00:31:06,160 --> 00:31:07,720 Yes, General. 425 00:31:15,760 --> 00:31:17,080 Thank you. 426 00:31:18,320 --> 00:31:19,480 But I had it. 427 00:31:22,720 --> 00:31:24,920 Mark Antony's Roman allies 428 00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:28,320 become increasingly suspicious of Cleopatra. 429 00:31:28,400 --> 00:31:30,720 She represents an absolute monarchy. 430 00:31:30,800 --> 00:31:33,520 She represents an eastern empire. 431 00:31:33,600 --> 00:31:36,000 And she's a woman. 432 00:31:36,640 --> 00:31:41,400 Mark Antony needs to be a strong Roman general, 433 00:31:41,480 --> 00:31:46,120 and his alliance with Cleopatra threatens that identity 434 00:31:46,200 --> 00:31:48,520 in the eyes of his Roman allies. 435 00:31:48,600 --> 00:31:52,720 They are worried that he is acting less like a Roman general 436 00:31:52,800 --> 00:31:55,200 and more like an eastern king. 437 00:31:55,280 --> 00:31:56,720 And because of that, 438 00:31:56,800 --> 00:32:02,640 many of Mark Antony's commanders defect and join Octavian's army. 439 00:32:05,480 --> 00:32:06,696 Once the battle begins, 440 00:32:06,720 --> 00:32:10,400 Mark Antony and Cleopatra are on separate ships. 441 00:32:10,480 --> 00:32:14,560 Mark Antony leading the fleet at the front and Cleopatra behind. 442 00:32:17,480 --> 00:32:19,440 On the morning of September 2nd, 443 00:32:19,520 --> 00:32:24,560 Mark Antony and Cleopatra attempt to punch through the blockade 444 00:32:24,640 --> 00:32:28,160 that Octavian has at the Bay of Actium. 445 00:32:28,240 --> 00:32:33,200 Now, Mark Antony and Cleopatra combined have fewer ships than Octavian. 446 00:32:33,280 --> 00:32:36,760 The other major difference between the two navies 447 00:32:36,840 --> 00:32:39,880 is that Mark Antony's ships are much larger. 448 00:32:39,960 --> 00:32:41,680 They have more firepower, 449 00:32:41,760 --> 00:32:47,080 but they also are way less maneuverable than Octavian's lighter ships. 450 00:32:51,640 --> 00:32:53,880 Cleopatra and Mark Antony both made 451 00:32:53,960 --> 00:32:57,960 a series of problematic battle decisions, 452 00:32:58,040 --> 00:32:59,880 which is sort of surprising, 453 00:32:59,960 --> 00:33:02,520 due to the fact that they're both pretty savvy. 454 00:33:02,600 --> 00:33:05,040 But they strung out their fleet, uh, 455 00:33:05,120 --> 00:33:08,920 and allowed themselves to become trapped. 456 00:33:09,920 --> 00:33:13,040 Octavian's lighter and more maneuverable ships 457 00:33:13,120 --> 00:33:18,240 managed to nearly surround the forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra. 458 00:33:21,400 --> 00:33:24,920 We're told by the Roman sources that Cleopatra, 459 00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:28,240 when she realized that Mark Antony was being defeated, 460 00:33:28,320 --> 00:33:31,880 turned her ships around and decided to sail back to Alexandria. 461 00:33:32,600 --> 00:33:34,120 Row! 462 00:33:34,880 --> 00:33:37,960 Row! Faster! Harder! 463 00:33:38,040 --> 00:33:40,000 Row! 464 00:33:40,080 --> 00:33:41,616 She doesn't want to be captured. 465 00:33:41,640 --> 00:33:44,000 There would have been no point at all in her staying 466 00:33:44,080 --> 00:33:46,240 in a battle that they were effectively losing. 467 00:33:48,280 --> 00:33:52,600 Her primary goal remains the safety of her own kingdom. 468 00:33:52,680 --> 00:33:54,400 The safety of Egypt. 469 00:33:54,480 --> 00:33:58,440 She has no choice but to try to make it back to Egypt 470 00:33:58,520 --> 00:34:01,400 with as many of her ships as possible. 471 00:34:02,760 --> 00:34:07,040 If she loses all of her navy at the Battle of Actium, 472 00:34:07,120 --> 00:34:08,760 Egypt will be defenseless. 473 00:34:14,120 --> 00:34:15,360 Her ships' gone. 474 00:34:16,400 --> 00:34:18,320 General, all of them. 475 00:34:20,639 --> 00:34:21,639 She did what? 476 00:34:22,199 --> 00:34:24,679 It's easy to see from the Roman perspective 477 00:34:24,760 --> 00:34:26,840 that Cleopatra taking her fleet 478 00:34:26,920 --> 00:34:30,239 and leaving Actium is an act of treachery. 479 00:34:31,880 --> 00:34:33,760 What did you do? Did you try to stop her? 480 00:34:35,120 --> 00:34:36,840 - No. - Did you try to stop her? 481 00:34:39,800 --> 00:34:44,239 It might have actually been the best decision even for Mark Antony, 482 00:34:44,320 --> 00:34:48,400 at least keeping part of the Navy intact 483 00:34:48,480 --> 00:34:51,440 in order to fight Octavian another day. 484 00:34:52,080 --> 00:34:55,920 Mark Antony, knowing the battle is all but lost, 485 00:34:56,000 --> 00:35:00,600 flees and manages to catch up to Cleopatra's fleet. 486 00:35:06,120 --> 00:35:07,200 What have you done? 487 00:35:07,280 --> 00:35:09,240 - I couldn't risk my fleets. - Ours! 488 00:35:10,400 --> 00:35:11,800 And you should have asked me first. 489 00:35:11,880 --> 00:35:13,600 I'm the General, not you. 490 00:35:14,760 --> 00:35:16,360 Useless without my army. 491 00:35:19,920 --> 00:35:20,920 How dare you? 492 00:35:21,000 --> 00:35:22,000 How dare you? 493 00:35:22,600 --> 00:35:25,920 Mark Antony is the commander of the forces, 494 00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:28,640 so he is the one that's going to make the final decision. 495 00:35:28,720 --> 00:35:31,440 But it is interesting that when things go wrong, 496 00:35:31,520 --> 00:35:33,960 Cleopatra is the one that gets the blame. 497 00:35:35,080 --> 00:35:37,760 If you're going to give me an army, let me govern it. 498 00:35:37,840 --> 00:35:39,440 It was the right decision. 499 00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:41,640 But you cut me out. 500 00:35:42,960 --> 00:35:44,400 I did what I had to do. 501 00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:46,800 But you did it without asking me. 502 00:35:46,880 --> 00:35:50,920 I did what I had to do to protect what is mine. 503 00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:52,560 Ours, Cleopatra! 504 00:35:52,640 --> 00:35:55,080 Not yours! Ours! 505 00:35:58,120 --> 00:36:02,080 It's not something that your average Roman would have done at the point of a battle. 506 00:36:02,160 --> 00:36:05,760 Um, but actually, Cleopatra's thinking about herself and her own power. 507 00:36:05,840 --> 00:36:08,040 She's putting herself and her family first. 508 00:36:08,120 --> 00:36:10,080 Who do you think you are, Cleopatra? 509 00:36:10,160 --> 00:36:12,160 The Pharoah! That is who! 510 00:36:13,040 --> 00:36:15,080 Watch who you are speaking to. 511 00:36:19,640 --> 00:36:21,760 They can hear all of this up there. 512 00:36:21,840 --> 00:36:24,720 My men, my loyal men are laughing at me. 513 00:36:25,280 --> 00:36:28,080 I'm not responsible for you and how you feel. 514 00:36:29,400 --> 00:36:31,960 I made a decision and I stand by it. 515 00:36:33,360 --> 00:36:34,680 All I want... 516 00:36:36,480 --> 00:36:37,680 is your trust. 517 00:36:40,600 --> 00:36:45,560 The Battle of Actium is a disaster for Mark Antony and Cleopatra. 518 00:36:45,640 --> 00:36:51,320 They have lost their one opportunity to meet and beat Octavian 519 00:36:51,400 --> 00:36:53,280 outside of Egypt's borders. 520 00:36:53,360 --> 00:36:56,680 Now they have no choice but to fall back to Egypt 521 00:36:56,760 --> 00:36:59,720 and simply defend their territory. 522 00:37:05,920 --> 00:37:08,960 Octavian, with this victory, 523 00:37:09,040 --> 00:37:13,320 he's proven his power against Mark Antony, 524 00:37:13,400 --> 00:37:15,480 against the Ptolemies. 525 00:37:15,560 --> 00:37:17,520 This puts him in a great position, 526 00:37:17,600 --> 00:37:21,560 and he, he already had a great position because he was in Caesar's will. 527 00:37:21,640 --> 00:37:23,360 But now he's proven it. 528 00:37:23,440 --> 00:37:26,120 It's tangible. It's undeniable. 529 00:37:29,280 --> 00:37:31,080 After the Battle of Actium, 530 00:37:31,160 --> 00:37:34,160 Cleopatra takes control. 531 00:37:36,000 --> 00:37:38,760 She writes to Octavian. 532 00:37:38,840 --> 00:37:43,720 "If you allow me and Mark Antony to live, 533 00:37:43,800 --> 00:37:46,240 we will go anywhere. 534 00:37:46,320 --> 00:37:48,040 And you can have Egypt." 535 00:37:48,120 --> 00:37:51,360 Mark, no one, can ever know. Please. 536 00:37:55,560 --> 00:37:57,080 She doesn't quite try to appeal to him 537 00:37:57,120 --> 00:37:59,000 in the, in the same way that she did to Caesar 538 00:37:59,080 --> 00:38:00,760 and to Antony in the past, 539 00:38:00,840 --> 00:38:02,040 but she is pragmatic. 540 00:38:02,120 --> 00:38:04,880 At this stage, she probably knows that she will be exiled, 541 00:38:04,960 --> 00:38:10,680 but she still wants her children to have rule at least over Egypt. 542 00:38:10,760 --> 00:38:15,920 She also asks Octavian for Antony to live. 543 00:38:19,480 --> 00:38:23,440 Cleopatra needs to cut a deal with Octavian just to survive. 544 00:38:26,640 --> 00:38:29,360 Her fate, that of her family and her kingdom, 545 00:38:29,440 --> 00:38:32,160 are entirely in Octavian's hands. 546 00:38:41,480 --> 00:38:45,960 My lord, Octavian, thanks Pharoah for your message 547 00:38:46,960 --> 00:38:51,800 and instructs me, as his ambassador, to inform you... 548 00:38:52,880 --> 00:38:54,720 he's willing to grant your request. 549 00:38:56,440 --> 00:38:57,680 Okay. 550 00:38:57,760 --> 00:38:59,120 On one condition. 551 00:39:01,240 --> 00:39:02,800 A simple request. 552 00:39:06,680 --> 00:39:07,920 Kill Antony. 553 00:39:08,680 --> 00:39:10,440 His life for yours. 554 00:39:11,080 --> 00:39:12,760 And your children's, of course. 42270

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