All language subtitles for hemingway.2021.s01e03.720p.hevc.x265-megusta

af Afrikaans
ak Akan
sq Albanian
am Amharic
ar Arabic
hy Armenian
az Azerbaijani
eu Basque
be Belarusian
bem Bemba
bn Bengali
bh Bihari
bs Bosnian
br Breton
bg Bulgarian
km Cambodian
ca Catalan
ceb Cebuano
chr Cherokee
ny Chichewa
zh-CN Chinese (Simplified)
zh-TW Chinese (Traditional)
co Corsican
hr Croatian
cs Czech
da Danish
nl Dutch
en English
eo Esperanto
et Estonian
ee Ewe
fo Faroese
tl Filipino
fi Finnish
fr French
fy Frisian
gaa Ga
gl Galician
ka Georgian
de German
gn Guarani
gu Gujarati
ht Haitian Creole
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
iw Hebrew
hi Hindi
hmn Hmong
hu Hungarian
is Icelandic
ig Igbo
id Indonesian
ia Interlingua
ga Irish
it Italian
ja Japanese
jw Javanese
kn Kannada
kk Kazakh
rw Kinyarwanda
rn Kirundi
kg Kongo
ko Korean
kri Krio (Sierra Leone)
ku Kurdish
ckb Kurdish (Soranรฎ)
ky Kyrgyz
lo Laothian
la Latin
lv Latvian
ln Lingala
lt Lithuanian
loz Lozi
lg Luganda
ach Luo
lb Luxembourgish
mk Macedonian
mg Malagasy
ms Malay
ml Malayalam
mt Maltese
mi Maori
mr Marathi
mfe Mauritian Creole
mo Moldavian
mn Mongolian
my Myanmar (Burmese)
sr-ME Montenegrin
ne Nepali
pcm Nigerian Pidgin
nso Northern Sotho
no Norwegian
nn Norwegian (Nynorsk)
oc Occitan
or Oriya
om Oromo
ps Pashto
fa Persian
pl Polish
pt-BR Portuguese (Brazil)
pt Portuguese (Portugal)
pa Punjabi
qu Quechua
ro Romanian
rm Romansh
nyn Runyakitara
ru Russian
sm Samoan
gd Scots Gaelic
sr Serbian
sh Serbo-Croatian
st Sesotho
tn Setswana
crs Seychellois Creole
sn Shona
sd Sindhi
si Sinhalese
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
so Somali
es-419 Spanish (Latin American)
su Sundanese
sw Swahili
sv Swedish
tg Tajik
ta Tamil
tt Tatar
te Telugu
th Thai
ti Tigrinya
to Tonga
lua Tshiluba
tum Tumbuka
tr Turkish
tk Turkmen
tw Twi
ug Uighur
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
uz Uzbek
vi Vietnamese
cy Welsh
wo Wolof
xh Xhosa
yi Yiddish
yo Yoruba
zu Zulu
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,930 --> 00:00:03,599 Major funding for "Hemingway" 2 00:00:03,600 --> 00:00:06,299 was provided by the better angels society 3 00:00:06,300 --> 00:00:08,059 and by its members: 4 00:00:08,060 --> 00:00:10,529 The Elizabeth Ruth Wallace living trust, 5 00:00:10,530 --> 00:00:12,459 John and Leslie mcquown, 6 00:00:12,460 --> 00:00:14,159 John and Catherine debs, 7 00:00:14,160 --> 00:00:16,899 the fullerton family charitable trust, 8 00:00:16,900 --> 00:00:19,899 kissick family foundation, Gail elden, 9 00:00:19,900 --> 00:00:21,499 gilchrist and Amy berg, 10 00:00:21,500 --> 00:00:23,099 Robert and Beverly grappone, 11 00:00:23,100 --> 00:00:25,559 and mauree Jane and Mark Perry. 12 00:00:25,560 --> 00:00:29,959 Additional funding was provided by the annenberg foundation, 13 00:00:29,960 --> 00:00:32,529 the Arthur vining Davis foundations, 14 00:00:32,530 --> 00:00:35,059 the corporation for public broadcasting, 15 00:00:35,060 --> 00:00:38,329 and by contributions to your pbs station 16 00:00:38,330 --> 00:00:40,399 from viewers like you. 17 00:00:40,400 --> 00:00:42,930 Thank you. 18 00:00:59,760 --> 00:01:02,829 Man, as Hemingway: When he awoke, he knew he had been 19 00:01:02,830 --> 00:01:05,229 out of his head in the night, 20 00:01:05,230 --> 00:01:08,799 and after eating his breakfast, he unloaded his pistol 21 00:01:08,800 --> 00:01:11,029 and placed the loaded magazine in one drawer 22 00:01:11,030 --> 00:01:13,459 and the pistol in another. 23 00:01:13,460 --> 00:01:17,659 After this, he commenced writing. 24 00:01:17,660 --> 00:01:21,329 At nights now he was on the boat, mostly, 25 00:01:21,330 --> 00:01:23,929 although on some nights he was in upper Michigan, 26 00:01:23,930 --> 00:01:26,359 where he had lived as a boy. 27 00:01:26,360 --> 00:01:30,299 This was the first time when he had been really awake in the night 28 00:01:30,300 --> 00:01:33,299 and still unable to leave the dream. 29 00:01:33,300 --> 00:01:35,499 He knew he had been out of his mind, 30 00:01:35,500 --> 00:01:39,899 but he did not care as long as he could write in the daytime. 31 00:01:41,860 --> 00:01:46,159 Whatever happened to him now he considered of no importance 32 00:01:46,160 --> 00:01:49,199 as long as he could write. 33 00:01:49,200 --> 00:01:51,330 He wrote well that day. 34 00:02:11,300 --> 00:02:17,059 On may 17, 1944, Ernest Hemingway arrived in London, 35 00:02:17,060 --> 00:02:19,259 assigned by "Collier's" magazine to cover 36 00:02:19,260 --> 00:02:24,829 the allied invasion of France, now less than 3 weeks away. 37 00:02:24,830 --> 00:02:29,929 He was 44 years old but seemed much older and felt that 38 00:02:29,930 --> 00:02:33,699 the luck that had kept him alive through two wars would likely 39 00:02:33,700 --> 00:02:37,029 not continue through another 40 00:02:37,030 --> 00:02:40,799 and blamed his third wife, Martha gellhorn, 41 00:02:40,800 --> 00:02:42,629 for forcing him to come. 42 00:02:42,630 --> 00:02:45,759 Gellhorn was still at sea, on her way to england 43 00:02:45,760 --> 00:02:48,659 to cover the conflict. 44 00:02:48,660 --> 00:02:51,729 Once Hemingway settled into his second-floor room 45 00:02:51,730 --> 00:02:55,859 at the Dorchester hotel in the fashionable Mayfair district, 46 00:02:55,860 --> 00:02:59,429 he found himself the center of attention and high-spirited 47 00:02:59,430 --> 00:03:01,459 good times. 48 00:03:01,460 --> 00:03:05,959 Fellow correspondents, raf pilots, and operatives enlisted 49 00:03:05,960 --> 00:03:10,799 in the clandestine U.S. office of special services... the oss... 50 00:03:10,800 --> 00:03:14,429 All gravitated towards him. 51 00:03:14,430 --> 00:03:17,459 One day at lunch, he stopped by the table of the playwright 52 00:03:17,460 --> 00:03:21,829 irwin Shaw and asked to be introduced to his companion, 53 00:03:21,830 --> 00:03:26,229 a 36-year-old correspondent for "time" and "life" named 54 00:03:26,230 --> 00:03:28,459 Mary Welsh. 55 00:03:28,460 --> 00:03:30,999 Her second husband, an Australian reporter, 56 00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:34,459 was out of the country, and in wartime London she was 57 00:03:34,460 --> 00:03:40,459 being pursued simultaneously by Shaw and a number of other men. 58 00:03:40,460 --> 00:03:44,129 Hemingway joined the pack. 59 00:03:45,960 --> 00:03:48,659 One night, returning by car from a party through the 60 00:03:48,660 --> 00:03:52,429 blacked-out London streets, Hemingway's driver failed to 61 00:03:52,430 --> 00:03:56,329 see a water tank and crashed into it. 62 00:03:56,330 --> 00:03:58,159 Hemingway's knees were injured. 63 00:03:58,160 --> 00:04:00,699 His head smashed through the windshield, causing 64 00:04:00,700 --> 00:04:02,999 another concussion. 65 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:07,059 "His skull was split wide open," his friend Robert capa remembered, 66 00:04:07,060 --> 00:04:10,259 "and his beard was full of blood." 67 00:04:10,260 --> 00:04:13,559 When Martha gellhorn finally arrived in London and came to 68 00:04:13,560 --> 00:04:17,029 see him in the hospital, she burst into laughter 69 00:04:17,030 --> 00:04:20,499 at the sight of him holding court and drinking whisky 70 00:04:20,500 --> 00:04:25,059 in his room, his head swathed in bandages. 71 00:04:25,060 --> 00:04:28,399 She was sure nothing serious could be wrong. 72 00:04:28,400 --> 00:04:31,199 "He did not look the least ill," she remembered. 73 00:04:31,200 --> 00:04:34,999 This was no way to behave when the world was at war. 74 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:40,099 "We're through," she said, and stormed out of the room. 75 00:04:40,100 --> 00:04:43,699 He wrote to his son Patrick. 76 00:04:43,700 --> 00:04:45,399 Man, as Hemingway: "When head was all smashed 77 00:04:45,400 --> 00:04:47,359 "and terrible headaches, et cetera, 78 00:04:47,360 --> 00:04:49,399 "she would not do anything for a man 79 00:04:49,400 --> 00:04:53,329 "that we would do for a dog. 80 00:04:53,330 --> 00:04:58,029 "I made a very great mistake on her, or else she changed very much. 81 00:04:58,030 --> 00:05:03,029 "I think probably both, but mostly the latter. 82 00:05:03,030 --> 00:05:06,099 "I hate to lose anyone who can look so lovely and who 83 00:05:06,100 --> 00:05:09,129 "we taught to shoot and write so well, 84 00:05:09,130 --> 00:05:12,829 "but have torn up my tickets on her and would be glad to 85 00:05:12,830 --> 00:05:15,329 never see her again." 86 00:05:15,330 --> 00:05:18,759 He just... he couldn't deal with the fact that she left him. 87 00:05:18,760 --> 00:05:22,729 Hemingway really, uh, never got over her. 88 00:05:22,730 --> 00:05:27,029 He retained his anger at her for the rest of his life. 89 00:05:27,030 --> 00:05:30,029 Mary Welsh, who arrived at the hospital 90 00:05:30,030 --> 00:05:33,699 with a bouquet of tulips and daffodils, proved far 91 00:05:33,700 --> 00:05:35,629 more sympathetic. 92 00:05:35,630 --> 00:05:39,329 In fact, Hemingway's injury was much more serious than it 93 00:05:39,330 --> 00:05:42,659 seemed at first... A subdural hematoma, 94 00:05:42,660 --> 00:05:45,799 bleeding between the brain and the skull. 95 00:05:45,800 --> 00:05:49,129 As a result of it, for 11 months, during all 96 00:05:49,130 --> 00:05:51,759 the fighting he would cover in Europe, he would suffer from 97 00:05:51,760 --> 00:05:55,759 blurred vision, ringing in his ears, and constantly recurring 98 00:05:55,760 --> 00:05:59,059 headaches, and would have trouble recalling words 99 00:05:59,060 --> 00:06:02,529 and writing legibly. 100 00:06:02,530 --> 00:06:06,199 Nonetheless, Hemingway was released from the hospital 101 00:06:06,200 --> 00:06:11,999 after just 4 days and continued his pursuit of Mary Welsh. 102 00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:13,859 "I don't know you, Mary. 103 00:06:13,860 --> 00:06:17,329 But I want to marry you," he told her, before boarding 104 00:06:17,330 --> 00:06:20,129 the troop carrier that would ferry him across 105 00:06:20,130 --> 00:06:23,059 the English channel on d-day. 106 00:06:23,060 --> 00:06:28,499 "I want to marry you now, and I hope to marry you sometime. 107 00:06:28,500 --> 00:06:32,129 Sometime, you may want to marry me." 108 00:06:45,800 --> 00:06:49,499 Man, as Hemingway: As we moved in toward land in the gray early light, 109 00:06:49,500 --> 00:06:53,399 the 36-foot coffin-shaped steel boats took 110 00:06:53,400 --> 00:06:57,029 solid-green sheets of water that fell on the helmeted heads 111 00:06:57,030 --> 00:07:00,029 of the troops packed shoulder to shoulder 112 00:07:00,030 --> 00:07:04,159 in the stiff, awkward, uncomfortable, lonely 113 00:07:04,160 --> 00:07:07,729 companionship of men going to battle. 114 00:07:08,930 --> 00:07:11,260 Fire! 115 00:07:13,530 --> 00:07:16,559 Despite his throbbing head and battered knees, 116 00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:20,029 Hemingway climbed down a rope ladder into a landing craft 117 00:07:20,030 --> 00:07:23,429 wallowing off the left flank of Omaha beach, 118 00:07:23,430 --> 00:07:28,199 where 34,000 soldiers were about to land... 119 00:07:30,060 --> 00:07:33,899 But no war correspondents were permitted to go ashore. 120 00:07:33,900 --> 00:07:38,529 He had to stay aboard the landing craft and watch from the boat 121 00:07:38,530 --> 00:07:43,959 as men waded through the surf under deadly German fire. 122 00:07:43,960 --> 00:07:46,199 Man, as Hemingway: On the beach on the left where there 123 00:07:46,200 --> 00:07:49,599 was no sheltering overhang of shingled bank, the first, 124 00:07:49,600 --> 00:07:55,059 second, third, fourth, and fifth waves lay where they 125 00:07:55,060 --> 00:07:59,559 had fallen, looking like so many heavily laden bundles 126 00:07:59,560 --> 00:08:02,599 on the flat pebbly stretch between the sea 127 00:08:02,600 --> 00:08:04,129 and the first cover. 128 00:08:06,230 --> 00:08:10,630 1,000 allied troops would die that day. 129 00:08:13,160 --> 00:08:18,329 By evening, Hemingway was back in his London hotel room. 130 00:08:18,330 --> 00:08:21,359 He was not pleased to learn that Martha gellhorn would 131 00:08:21,360 --> 00:08:23,759 manage to do what he had not... 132 00:08:23,760 --> 00:08:26,999 Get onto Omaha beach. 133 00:08:27,000 --> 00:08:31,059 She slipped aboard a hospital ship, then locked herself 134 00:08:31,060 --> 00:08:34,899 in a bathroom and went ashore with the ambulance teams, 135 00:08:34,900 --> 00:08:38,159 helping bring back the wounded. 136 00:08:38,160 --> 00:08:42,759 She handed in her piece before he did and had seen 137 00:08:42,760 --> 00:08:47,159 and experienced far more of the carnage than he had. 138 00:08:47,160 --> 00:08:50,259 But when the next issue of "Collier's" appeared, 139 00:08:50,260 --> 00:08:53,560 only his name was on the cover. 140 00:08:55,000 --> 00:08:56,899 In the weeks after d-day, 141 00:08:56,900 --> 00:09:01,559 Hemingway accompanied raf pilots on bombing missions, 142 00:09:01,560 --> 00:09:04,799 but despite the enemy flak through which he flew, 143 00:09:04,800 --> 00:09:10,129 he felt too far from what was happening on the ground in France. 144 00:09:10,130 --> 00:09:12,999 Hemingway got himself assigned briefly 145 00:09:13,000 --> 00:09:15,929 to general George patton's third army, 146 00:09:15,930 --> 00:09:18,599 but he disliked its showy commander 147 00:09:18,600 --> 00:09:22,259 and had little interest in tank warfare. 148 00:09:22,260 --> 00:09:27,359 Then he managed to liberate a German motorcycle with a sidecar, 149 00:09:27,360 --> 00:09:29,829 and traveling along an unsecured road... 150 00:09:29,830 --> 00:09:34,099 Was fired upon by a German antitank gun. 151 00:09:34,100 --> 00:09:36,859 The explosion hurled him into a ditch, 152 00:09:36,860 --> 00:09:38,759 where his head hit a rock 153 00:09:38,760 --> 00:09:41,929 and he suffered yet another concussion. 154 00:09:41,930 --> 00:09:46,399 Enemy troops were so close, he could hear them talking. 155 00:09:46,400 --> 00:09:51,659 He had to stay hidden till dark for fear of capture. 156 00:09:51,660 --> 00:09:55,629 He eventually found a home with the 22nd regiment 157 00:09:55,630 --> 00:09:59,399 of the 4th infantry division... The "double deuces"... 158 00:09:59,400 --> 00:10:03,029 Commanded by colonel Charles "buck" lanham, who would 159 00:10:03,030 --> 00:10:06,129 become his lifelong friend. 160 00:10:06,130 --> 00:10:09,359 Lanham remembered his first sight of Hemingway 161 00:10:09,360 --> 00:10:12,799 watching the street fighting in a Norman village. 162 00:10:12,800 --> 00:10:16,859 "Ernest was standing poised as always on the balls of his feet, 163 00:10:16,860 --> 00:10:19,659 "like a fighter, like a great cat... 164 00:10:19,660 --> 00:10:24,359 "Easy, relaxed, absorbed, intent, watchful. 165 00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:26,729 Missing nothing." 166 00:10:26,730 --> 00:10:30,499 When townspeople mistook Hemingway for an officer 167 00:10:30,500 --> 00:10:34,029 and told him three ss men were hiding in a cellar, 168 00:10:34,030 --> 00:10:36,159 he shouted down a warning, 169 00:10:36,160 --> 00:10:39,329 then tumbled 3 grenades down the stairs. 170 00:10:43,500 --> 00:10:46,229 Grateful villagers rewarded him with two magnums 171 00:10:46,230 --> 00:10:48,729 of champagne. 172 00:10:48,730 --> 00:10:51,999 For a time, he and a constantly changing cast 173 00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:56,499 of correspondents occupied a hotel at mont St. Michel, 174 00:10:56,500 --> 00:10:59,659 driving out to watch the war during the day 175 00:10:59,660 --> 00:11:02,899 and drinking and dining together in the evening... 176 00:11:02,900 --> 00:11:05,759 Charles collingwood of CBS radio, 177 00:11:05,760 --> 00:11:07,929 the "new yorker's" a.J. Liebling, 178 00:11:07,930 --> 00:11:11,260 and the movie director John Ford among them. 179 00:11:15,230 --> 00:11:18,429 The Geneva convention barred correspondents from 180 00:11:18,430 --> 00:11:20,330 becoming combatants. 181 00:11:22,460 --> 00:11:26,229 Hemingway paid little attention to the rules. 182 00:11:26,230 --> 00:11:29,599 With private "red" pelkey at the wheel, he traveled 183 00:11:29,600 --> 00:11:32,729 everywhere in a Jeep filled with maps, rifles, 184 00:11:32,730 --> 00:11:34,459 and grenades. 185 00:11:34,460 --> 00:11:37,459 Some reporters admired him for it. 186 00:11:37,460 --> 00:11:39,759 Others couldn't stand him. 187 00:11:39,760 --> 00:11:42,999 "He was only a reporter same as us," one said, 188 00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:47,559 "but he thought he was the second coming." 189 00:11:47,560 --> 00:11:52,399 In late August 1944, as American forces moved 190 00:11:52,400 --> 00:11:56,459 toward Paris, Hemingway ran into colonel David Bruce, 191 00:11:56,460 --> 00:11:59,899 an old friend now serving in the oss, 192 00:11:59,900 --> 00:12:04,599 and somehow persuaded Bruce to let him take command of a band 193 00:12:04,600 --> 00:12:07,699 of free French resistance fighters in the village 194 00:12:07,700 --> 00:12:11,699 of rambouillet, which controlled one of the two main roads 195 00:12:11,700 --> 00:12:13,329 leading to Paris. 196 00:12:15,300 --> 00:12:19,629 On August 24th, Hemingway joined the French army as it began 197 00:12:19,630 --> 00:12:22,229 its triumphal march into the capital, 198 00:12:22,230 --> 00:12:25,399 armed with the intelligence he, Bruce, 199 00:12:25,400 --> 00:12:29,459 and their irregulars had gleaned about German defenses. 200 00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:38,199 At his first glimpse of Paris, Hemingway remembered, "I had" 201 00:12:38,200 --> 00:12:41,699 "a funny choke in my throat and had to clean my glasses 202 00:12:41,700 --> 00:12:46,329 "because there, now below us, gray and always beautiful, 203 00:12:46,330 --> 00:12:50,860 was spread the city I love best in all the world." 204 00:12:53,530 --> 00:12:56,599 We were liberated by Ernest Hemingway. 205 00:12:56,600 --> 00:13:00,399 Ernest Hemingway was the first American that we saw, that we 206 00:13:00,400 --> 00:13:02,229 knew who arrived in Paris. 207 00:13:02,230 --> 00:13:06,229 He arrived with the first ones with general leclerc. 208 00:13:06,230 --> 00:13:10,029 I heard a noise out in the street in the rue de l'odeon 209 00:13:10,030 --> 00:13:13,429 and looked out the window and I saw a string of jeeps 210 00:13:13,430 --> 00:13:17,529 with these men in them and then I heard people calling 211 00:13:17,530 --> 00:13:20,529 and calling, "Sylvia, Sylvia," and I heard this big voice 212 00:13:20,530 --> 00:13:25,599 saying, "Sylvia, Sylvia," and it was Ernest Hemingway 213 00:13:25,600 --> 00:13:29,899 and his men, and I rushed down the stairs and he picked me up, 214 00:13:29,900 --> 00:13:32,059 you know, and swung me around and swung me around. 215 00:13:33,600 --> 00:13:35,359 But there were still pockets 216 00:13:35,360 --> 00:13:37,299 of German resistance. 217 00:13:41,930 --> 00:13:44,699 Then he said, "what can I do for you?" 218 00:13:44,700 --> 00:13:47,699 And we said, "oh, liberate us! Liberate us!" 219 00:13:47,700 --> 00:13:52,359 Because these... the enemy were still firing from the roofs 220 00:13:52,360 --> 00:13:55,459 and the resistance was firing also from the roofs, and this 221 00:13:55,460 --> 00:13:58,229 shooting was going on all the time, day and night. 222 00:13:58,230 --> 00:14:00,059 So, Ernest Hemingway said, "oh, yes." 223 00:14:00,060 --> 00:14:01,759 And so he brought his men up, 224 00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:03,799 and they all went up on the roof and we heard 225 00:14:03,800 --> 00:14:06,999 great deal of shooting going on for a few minutes and then 226 00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:08,499 the shooting stopped forever. 227 00:14:08,500 --> 00:14:10,729 We had no more shooting after that. 228 00:14:10,730 --> 00:14:13,329 Then we asked Ernest Hemingway if he wouldn't stay and have 229 00:14:13,330 --> 00:14:16,159 something with us, some drink and he said, "oh, no. 230 00:14:16,160 --> 00:14:19,360 I have to liberate the cellar of the ritz." 231 00:14:20,800 --> 00:14:23,999 Hemingway, colonel Bruce, and their outfit headed 232 00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:27,599 for the ritz, which had been Hemingway's favorite hotel 233 00:14:27,600 --> 00:14:29,599 before the war. 234 00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:33,959 There, they were greeted by the bartender with 50 martinis, 235 00:14:33,960 --> 00:14:38,499 followed by what Bruce remembered as "a splendid dinner." 236 00:14:38,500 --> 00:14:42,799 As soon as she could, Mary Welsh arrived from London 237 00:14:42,800 --> 00:14:45,999 and moved into his room in the ritz. 238 00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:48,859 Hemingway wrote his son Patrick that he had a new 239 00:14:48,860 --> 00:14:53,129 companion now, a "fine girl," who had looked after him, 240 00:14:53,130 --> 00:14:57,459 "in worst time ever had. Think you would like her." 241 00:14:57,460 --> 00:15:01,229 He took her around Paris to see the places he and his 242 00:15:01,230 --> 00:15:05,659 first wife, Hadley, had loved, told her that no matter how 243 00:15:05,660 --> 00:15:09,359 many men had loved her he loved her more, and talked 244 00:15:09,360 --> 00:15:12,329 about the new family he hoped to start with her. 245 00:15:12,330 --> 00:15:14,129 He had 3 sons, he said, 246 00:15:14,130 --> 00:15:17,829 and badly wanted a daughter, too. 247 00:15:17,830 --> 00:15:21,359 Mary was less certain of their future together. 248 00:15:21,360 --> 00:15:23,299 Ernest was so ardent 249 00:15:23,300 --> 00:15:26,959 and insisted on such complete devotion, she remembered, 250 00:15:26,960 --> 00:15:29,529 that she sometimes felt overwhelmed. 251 00:15:29,530 --> 00:15:33,699 He could be gentle and kind, but he was also unpredictable 252 00:15:33,700 --> 00:15:35,659 and easily angered. 253 00:15:35,660 --> 00:15:37,599 And he drank too much. 254 00:15:37,600 --> 00:15:40,199 When she complained that he and his drunken friends 255 00:15:40,200 --> 00:15:43,929 from the 22nd regiment were making too much noise, 256 00:15:43,930 --> 00:15:47,099 he slapped her, then apologized and swore it 257 00:15:47,100 --> 00:15:49,359 would never happen again. 258 00:15:49,360 --> 00:15:53,929 But another evening, he placed a photograph of her absent husband 259 00:15:53,930 --> 00:15:56,699 in the toilet bowl and shot it to pieces 260 00:15:56,700 --> 00:15:59,859 with a machine pistol, shattering the porcelain 261 00:15:59,860 --> 00:16:02,759 and flooding the floors below. 262 00:16:02,760 --> 00:16:05,859 Mary agreed only to try living with him 263 00:16:05,860 --> 00:16:08,429 when the war was over. 264 00:16:08,430 --> 00:16:10,229 He always had to have a wife. 265 00:16:10,230 --> 00:16:12,129 He hated to be alone. 266 00:16:12,130 --> 00:16:15,759 And that Mary wasn't sure, that she really wanted him to 267 00:16:15,760 --> 00:16:18,229 stop drinking before she would commit. 268 00:16:18,230 --> 00:16:20,699 She called it "over-drinking." 269 00:16:20,700 --> 00:16:24,199 One day that Autumn, a staff sergeant who had 270 00:16:24,200 --> 00:16:27,229 written some short stories knocked on the door 271 00:16:27,230 --> 00:16:29,399 of Hemingway's hotel room. 272 00:16:29,400 --> 00:16:33,629 He'd never met Hemingway and didn't know how he'd be received, 273 00:16:33,630 --> 00:16:36,599 but he was ushered in and given a drink. 274 00:16:36,600 --> 00:16:40,399 Hemingway had seen one of his published stories, asked to 275 00:16:40,400 --> 00:16:45,429 see another, liked it, and wrote him a letter saying so. 276 00:16:45,430 --> 00:16:49,829 Afterwards, the young man told a friend how thrilled he'd been. 277 00:16:49,830 --> 00:16:54,829 Hemingway was a "good guy" he said, modest about his own eminence, 278 00:16:54,830 --> 00:16:57,959 and surprisingly "soft" despite the hardness 279 00:16:57,960 --> 00:17:00,899 of his celebrated style. 280 00:17:00,900 --> 00:17:04,859 Jerome David salinger would never forget Hemingway's 281 00:17:04,860 --> 00:17:07,560 kindness and generosity. 282 00:17:11,960 --> 00:17:15,659 In late fall, Hemingway rejoined buck lanham's 283 00:17:15,660 --> 00:17:19,359 22nd regiment as it moved toward the fiercely defended 284 00:17:19,360 --> 00:17:21,599 German border. 285 00:17:21,600 --> 00:17:25,599 One evening, he, lanham, and 10 others were having dinner 286 00:17:25,600 --> 00:17:30,029 together in a farmhouse when an .88 shell smashed through 287 00:17:30,030 --> 00:17:33,359 one wall and out the other without exploding. 288 00:17:33,360 --> 00:17:37,129 The men rushed to the cellar, fearful another round was 289 00:17:37,130 --> 00:17:39,359 headed their way. 290 00:17:39,360 --> 00:17:42,160 Hemingway continued eating. 291 00:17:44,460 --> 00:17:49,299 In mid-November, the 22nd entered the hurtgen forest. 292 00:17:49,300 --> 00:17:53,629 The battle for this dense, 70-square-mile evergreen woods, 293 00:17:53,630 --> 00:17:57,299 south of the German city of aachen, had been going on 294 00:17:57,300 --> 00:17:59,159 for 2 months. 295 00:17:59,160 --> 00:18:04,359 It was a frightful place to fight... trees 100 feet tall 296 00:18:04,360 --> 00:18:08,399 and only a handful of roads, heavily mined and meticulously 297 00:18:08,400 --> 00:18:10,859 targeted by enemy gunners... 298 00:18:10,860 --> 00:18:13,029 And German shells that exploded 299 00:18:13,030 --> 00:18:17,229 among the treetops, sending shrapnel and shards of wood 300 00:18:17,230 --> 00:18:18,559 into the men huddled below. 301 00:18:18,560 --> 00:18:20,559 Take cover! 302 00:18:20,560 --> 00:18:24,059 Man, as Hemingway: The woods were close-planted fir trees, 303 00:18:24,060 --> 00:18:26,759 and the shell-bursts tore and smashed them, 304 00:18:26,760 --> 00:18:29,929 and the splinters from the tree bursts were like javelins 305 00:18:29,930 --> 00:18:34,359 in the half-light of the forest, and the men were shouting 306 00:18:34,360 --> 00:18:36,859 and calling now to take the curse off the darkness 307 00:18:36,860 --> 00:18:41,129 of the forest and shooting and killing krauts 308 00:18:41,130 --> 00:18:43,560 and moving ahead now. 309 00:18:45,460 --> 00:18:49,929 American losses were staggering. 310 00:18:49,930 --> 00:18:54,029 Lanham's regiment was assigned to capture a single village 311 00:18:54,030 --> 00:18:57,229 and 6,000 yards of forest. 312 00:18:57,230 --> 00:19:02,730 In doing so, they would lose 2,733 men. 313 00:19:04,660 --> 00:19:09,099 During one especially savage firefight, lanham remembered, 314 00:19:09,100 --> 00:19:13,629 "men were firing and advancing and dropping and firing. 315 00:19:13,630 --> 00:19:17,299 "Then I saw Ernest. He was moving with the moving wave, 316 00:19:17,300 --> 00:19:19,929 "but I never saw him hit the ground. 317 00:19:19,930 --> 00:19:23,959 "And this time there was no question at all," lanham said, 318 00:19:23,960 --> 00:19:27,860 "that he was armed and using those arms." 319 00:19:30,230 --> 00:19:34,829 Hemingway had witnessed several wars firsthand, 320 00:19:34,830 --> 00:19:37,429 but this was the first in which he acted 321 00:19:37,430 --> 00:19:40,829 as a full-fledged combat soldier. 322 00:19:40,830 --> 00:19:46,799 Firing a machine gun alongside the troops exhilarated him. 323 00:19:46,800 --> 00:19:50,629 That night, he wrote Mary that the dread he'd felt 324 00:19:50,630 --> 00:19:55,259 at returning to the battlefield had suddenly lifted. 325 00:19:55,260 --> 00:19:57,459 Man, as Hemingway: "You know how I was spooked of the battle" 326 00:19:57,460 --> 00:19:59,359 "before it started. 327 00:19:59,360 --> 00:20:00,929 "But then about yesterday 328 00:20:00,930 --> 00:20:03,629 "and the day before, just like a gift, 329 00:20:03,630 --> 00:20:09,099 "I got the old feeling of immortality back I used to have when I was 19, 330 00:20:09,100 --> 00:20:12,329 "right in the middle of a really bad shelling, 331 00:20:12,330 --> 00:20:15,059 "not the cagey assessment of chances, 332 00:20:15,060 --> 00:20:17,799 "nor the angry, the hell-with-it feeling, 333 00:20:17,800 --> 00:20:20,929 "nor the throw-everything- away feeling. 334 00:20:20,930 --> 00:20:24,330 Just the pure old thing we used to operate on." 335 00:20:26,930 --> 00:20:29,299 But he had had enough. 336 00:20:29,300 --> 00:20:32,630 He left the war and went home to Cuba. 337 00:20:34,730 --> 00:20:39,429 The sights he'd seen in the hurtgen forest... a dog tearing 338 00:20:39,430 --> 00:20:41,799 at a charred German corpse, 339 00:20:41,800 --> 00:20:45,959 a gi's body flattened by tanks and other vehicles... 340 00:20:45,960 --> 00:20:49,560 Would haunt his dreams for the rest of his life. 341 00:21:04,330 --> 00:21:09,229 Man, as Hemingway: "April 2, 1945. Dear buck. 342 00:21:09,230 --> 00:21:13,329 "It is a hell of a thing going away from the 22nd. 343 00:21:13,330 --> 00:21:16,329 "It probably sounds wet, but I was and am 344 00:21:16,330 --> 00:21:18,799 "absolutely homesick for the regiment, 345 00:21:18,800 --> 00:21:21,999 "and I miss you very badly, buck. 346 00:21:22,000 --> 00:21:24,959 "I don't give a damn about writing. 347 00:21:24,960 --> 00:21:28,329 "Will have to get over that. I guess I will. 348 00:21:28,330 --> 00:21:31,899 "Have gotten over everything else. 349 00:21:31,900 --> 00:21:35,199 "Certainly have the black ass today. 350 00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:38,629 "I miss Mary so much, it makes me sick. 351 00:21:38,630 --> 00:21:41,729 "Always before, we had our double deuce problems and some 352 00:21:41,730 --> 00:21:44,899 "sort of fight going on when I was away from her and I had 353 00:21:44,900 --> 00:21:46,960 your companionship." 354 00:21:48,700 --> 00:21:53,029 In the spring of 1945, waiting for Mary Welsh 355 00:21:53,030 --> 00:21:55,929 to join him at the finca, his home in the hills 356 00:21:55,930 --> 00:22:00,299 overlooking Havana, Ernest Hemingway feared he would 357 00:22:00,300 --> 00:22:03,329 never be able to write again. 358 00:22:03,330 --> 00:22:05,299 When he came home from the war, 359 00:22:05,300 --> 00:22:11,129 I think he had just lots and lots of trauma and he had seen 360 00:22:11,130 --> 00:22:15,559 so many things that he could not UN-see. 361 00:22:15,560 --> 00:22:22,559 And then, he's an alcoholic. So what do alcoholics do when 362 00:22:22,560 --> 00:22:25,429 they have things in their lives that they can't UN-see 363 00:22:25,430 --> 00:22:27,529 is they drink, and he writes to buck lanham like, 364 00:22:27,530 --> 00:22:30,359 "I'm drinking to go to sleep at night." 365 00:22:30,360 --> 00:22:32,259 "I'm drinking when I wake up." 366 00:22:32,260 --> 00:22:35,529 "I got to stop drinking or Mary won't come and marry me." 367 00:22:35,530 --> 00:22:39,599 But I mean, it's... It's a disaster. 368 00:22:39,600 --> 00:22:41,699 The problem with alcoholism, and I don't know 369 00:22:41,700 --> 00:22:43,299 why it works like this. 370 00:22:43,300 --> 00:22:47,259 It makes you a liar, primarily to yourself. 371 00:22:47,260 --> 00:22:49,759 You're always lying to yourself. 372 00:22:49,760 --> 00:22:52,759 And you're trying all these different methods 373 00:22:52,760 --> 00:22:54,599 to try to quit. 374 00:22:54,600 --> 00:22:55,999 You're only drinking beer. You're only drinking wine. 375 00:22:56,000 --> 00:22:57,459 You're only drinking after 5:00. 376 00:22:57,460 --> 00:22:59,629 You're only drinking before 5:00. 377 00:22:59,630 --> 00:23:03,659 But with that masculinity, with that stoicism, 378 00:23:03,660 --> 00:23:07,459 Hemingway was doomed, in a way. 379 00:23:10,560 --> 00:23:13,959 Mary eventually arrived in Havana, having 380 00:23:13,960 --> 00:23:17,499 requested a year's sabbatical from her job at "time." 381 00:23:17,500 --> 00:23:20,659 She was in love with Hemingway but still unsure whether she 382 00:23:20,660 --> 00:23:22,829 should marry him. 383 00:23:22,830 --> 00:23:26,659 โ™ช I can't give you anything 384 00:23:26,660 --> 00:23:32,959 โ™ช but love, baby 385 00:23:32,960 --> 00:23:40,999 โ™ช that's the only thing I've plenty of, oh, baby โ™ช 386 00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:43,129 Yeah, what am I supposed to do? 387 00:23:43,130 --> 00:23:46,759 โ™ช Dream awhile, scheme awhile โ™ช 388 00:23:46,760 --> 00:23:48,229 You're wrong. 389 00:23:48,230 --> 00:23:50,659 โ™ช You're sure to find 390 00:23:50,660 --> 00:23:52,859 that's what you think. I'm sure to find. 391 00:23:52,860 --> 00:23:57,959 โ™ช Happiness and I guess 392 00:23:57,960 --> 00:24:02,799 โ™ช all those things you're sure to pine for... โ™ช 393 00:24:02,800 --> 00:24:05,799 He saw to it that she had Spanish lessons so that 394 00:24:05,800 --> 00:24:09,599 she could run the finca, taught her deep-sea fishing so that 395 00:24:09,600 --> 00:24:13,729 she could be his companion, encouraged her to quit her job 396 00:24:13,730 --> 00:24:17,429 altogether so that she could devote herself fully to him 397 00:24:17,430 --> 00:24:20,559 as his first and second wives had done 398 00:24:20,560 --> 00:24:24,899 and Martha gellhorn had not done. 399 00:24:24,900 --> 00:24:29,229 Hemingway wanted his wife to be both "completely obedient" 400 00:24:29,230 --> 00:24:32,759 and sexually loose," she confided to her diary. 401 00:24:32,760 --> 00:24:36,159 She enjoyed the sexual part, cut her hair short 402 00:24:36,160 --> 00:24:39,659 and bleached it platinum because it excited him, 403 00:24:39,660 --> 00:24:42,329 and sometimes pretended that she was a boy 404 00:24:42,330 --> 00:24:44,499 and he was a girl. 405 00:24:44,500 --> 00:24:48,159 He dyed his hair, too. 406 00:24:48,160 --> 00:24:54,259 โ™ช I can't dish out anything but love โ™ช 407 00:24:54,260 --> 00:24:55,959 โ™ช baby... 408 00:24:55,960 --> 00:24:58,599 I think it's very brave to say 409 00:24:58,600 --> 00:25:01,299 what your sexual preferences are. 410 00:25:01,300 --> 00:25:03,959 He really had a thing about androgyny, 411 00:25:03,960 --> 00:25:07,629 and he liked to switch sex roles in bed. 412 00:25:07,630 --> 00:25:09,959 And he tells Mary, you know, "let's play around." 413 00:25:09,960 --> 00:25:11,429 "I'm gonna call you 'Pete.' 414 00:25:11,430 --> 00:25:13,099 you call me 'Catherine, '" 415 00:25:13,100 --> 00:25:15,999 you know, and they go back and forth on this. 416 00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:19,099 And they play around with it, and I'm not sure what they 417 00:25:19,100 --> 00:25:24,759 do in bed, but somehow she's satisfying that intense desire 418 00:25:24,760 --> 00:25:27,599 of his to play with sex roles that way. 419 00:25:27,600 --> 00:25:30,799 โ™ช Oh, till that lucky day... โ™ช 420 00:25:30,800 --> 00:25:33,559 It took a lot of guts for him. 421 00:25:33,560 --> 00:25:37,559 And in a way, he wanted to be a woman who loved 422 00:25:37,560 --> 00:25:39,459 another woman. 423 00:25:39,460 --> 00:25:42,599 Now this kind of thing, it's all on a spectrum, right? 424 00:25:42,600 --> 00:25:45,530 But then, it was unheard of. 425 00:25:49,730 --> 00:25:53,129 "In bed," she wrote, "he has certainly been better 426 00:25:53,130 --> 00:25:56,199 for me than any other man," 427 00:25:56,200 --> 00:26:00,429 but she chafed under what she called his "dictatorship." 428 00:26:00,430 --> 00:26:04,359 She disliked his lectures on how things must be done, 429 00:26:04,360 --> 00:26:07,899 detected the ghostly presence of Martha gellhorn in every 430 00:26:07,900 --> 00:26:10,929 room of the house, felt cut off from her friends 431 00:26:10,930 --> 00:26:12,759 and former life. 432 00:26:12,760 --> 00:26:15,029 "Nothing is mine," she wrote. 433 00:26:15,030 --> 00:26:18,599 "The man is his own with various adjuncts... 434 00:26:18,600 --> 00:26:21,899 "His writing, his children, his cats. 435 00:26:21,900 --> 00:26:26,459 The strip of bed where I lie is not mine." 436 00:26:26,460 --> 00:26:29,399 "Can only conclude that I'd be an idiot 437 00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:32,029 "to stay here and marry papa. 438 00:26:32,030 --> 00:26:34,999 "I'd better go while the going is possible 439 00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:38,159 and can be without too much bitterness." 440 00:26:38,160 --> 00:26:43,199 But she stayed, and in the spring of 1946, 441 00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:47,229 after both had legally shed their spouses, Mary Welsh 442 00:26:47,230 --> 00:26:49,959 married Ernest Hemingway. 443 00:26:49,960 --> 00:26:54,199 Before the wedding, she had been "an entity," she remembered. 444 00:26:54,200 --> 00:26:58,699 Afterwards, she became "an appendage." 445 00:26:58,700 --> 00:27:02,299 Over and over again, their union followed the same 446 00:27:02,300 --> 00:27:03,999 turbulent pattern. 447 00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:06,399 He would insult or humiliate her. 448 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:08,459 She would threaten to leave. 449 00:27:08,460 --> 00:27:11,959 He would beg her to stay and sometimes threaten 450 00:27:11,960 --> 00:27:14,399 to kill himself if she didn't. 451 00:27:14,400 --> 00:27:18,299 They would reconcile in bed and then start the cycle 452 00:27:18,300 --> 00:27:20,729 all over again. 453 00:27:20,730 --> 00:27:25,059 Mary sometimes liked to call herself "the short, happy wife 454 00:27:25,060 --> 00:27:27,130 of Ernest Hemingway." 455 00:27:30,930 --> 00:27:33,959 Maybe writers disimprove as they age 456 00:27:33,960 --> 00:27:36,359 because they live with a permanent fear that 457 00:27:36,360 --> 00:27:39,259 the gift has gone. 458 00:27:39,260 --> 00:27:41,959 It gets worse with age. 459 00:27:41,960 --> 00:27:46,559 What happens in mid-life, in youth and then mid-life, 460 00:27:46,560 --> 00:27:50,899 the spasms of, you know, the famous cliche, "the blank page," 461 00:27:50,900 --> 00:27:54,929 happens within one morning, a writer gets up 462 00:27:54,930 --> 00:27:58,959 and thinks, "ah, one line, just one line 463 00:27:58,960 --> 00:28:00,999 and off you are." 464 00:28:01,000 --> 00:28:03,659 It doesn't happen as much in old age. 465 00:28:03,660 --> 00:28:05,799 It does not. 466 00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:10,430 Only by sheer perseverance. 467 00:28:12,200 --> 00:28:15,559 Hemingway's writing was not going well. 468 00:28:15,560 --> 00:28:19,959 It had been 6 years since he'd published "for whom the bell tolls." 469 00:28:19,960 --> 00:28:23,159 It would be 4 more years before he managed to publish 470 00:28:23,160 --> 00:28:25,159 another novel. 471 00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:31,259 He was only 46 but had begun to be seen by critics as 472 00:28:31,260 --> 00:28:33,759 a relic of the 1920s. 473 00:28:33,760 --> 00:28:36,159 When would-be biographers contacted him, 474 00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:38,099 he fended them off. 475 00:28:38,100 --> 00:28:40,959 He resented the implication that his career was 476 00:28:40,960 --> 00:28:43,499 nearing its close. 477 00:28:43,500 --> 00:28:47,359 He had ambitious plans... A 3-volume work 478 00:28:47,360 --> 00:28:50,859 encompassing the war years that was to begin on bimini 479 00:28:50,860 --> 00:28:57,359 in 1936 and end with the battle for the hurtgen forest. 480 00:28:57,360 --> 00:29:02,259 But novels about the war by younger writers... irwin Shaw, 481 00:29:02,260 --> 00:29:06,599 John horne burns, Norman mailer, all of whom had been 482 00:29:06,600 --> 00:29:10,729 influenced by him... soon made him wonder if readers would 483 00:29:10,730 --> 00:29:13,599 want to read about his war. 484 00:29:13,600 --> 00:29:17,199 His plans for a new family didn't work out either. 485 00:29:17,200 --> 00:29:20,229 Mary suffered an ectopic pregnancy, and nearly 486 00:29:20,230 --> 00:29:21,799 bled to death. 487 00:29:21,800 --> 00:29:24,729 Hemingway was told to say good-bye. 488 00:29:24,730 --> 00:29:28,599 Instead, he forced an attendant to open a new vein 489 00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:31,899 and administer plasma. 490 00:29:31,900 --> 00:29:36,529 Mary survived but was told she could not bear children. 491 00:29:36,530 --> 00:29:41,559 Hemingway would never have the daughter he'd hoped for. 492 00:29:41,560 --> 00:29:45,929 There were now problems with his boys, too. 493 00:29:45,930 --> 00:29:49,199 They had a very good time with papa 494 00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:52,999 and they loved him dearly. 495 00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:57,059 But at the same time, they were deprived of their father 496 00:29:57,060 --> 00:30:01,099 for whole stretches of their lives. 497 00:30:01,100 --> 00:30:08,299 He was incredibly exacting and demanding and could turn some 498 00:30:08,300 --> 00:30:12,099 of that verbal abuse on them. 499 00:30:12,100 --> 00:30:15,929 He was proud of his oldest son Jack's war record: 500 00:30:15,930 --> 00:30:21,129 Bumby had joined the oss, parachuted into occupied France, 501 00:30:21,130 --> 00:30:24,959 had been wounded and spent time in a German prison camp, 502 00:30:24,960 --> 00:30:28,799 but his father grew impatient with his apparent inability to 503 00:30:28,800 --> 00:30:33,029 decide what he'd like to do in peacetime. 504 00:30:33,030 --> 00:30:37,059 Gregory, the youngest, had a secret. 505 00:30:37,060 --> 00:30:40,929 It had begun when Gregory was a small boy. 506 00:30:40,930 --> 00:30:44,829 He'd found both solace and excitement during his parents' 507 00:30:44,830 --> 00:30:48,829 frequent absences, first by taking his mother's stockings 508 00:30:48,830 --> 00:30:52,499 from her dresser and rubbing them against his cheek, 509 00:30:52,500 --> 00:30:55,199 then by pulling them on. 510 00:30:55,200 --> 00:30:58,899 His father knew about it. "He has the biggest dark side 511 00:30:58,900 --> 00:31:01,899 "in the family except me and you," he told Gregory's 512 00:31:01,900 --> 00:31:07,599 mother, pauline, but hoped he'd grow out of it somehow. 513 00:31:07,600 --> 00:31:12,499 My brother explained to me once what a wonderful thing 514 00:31:12,500 --> 00:31:15,159 it was to be in drag, you know. 515 00:31:15,160 --> 00:31:16,799 It was just marvelous, 516 00:31:16,800 --> 00:31:18,799 the greatest thing you could experience. 517 00:31:18,800 --> 00:31:21,999 And I thought, well, not for me, you know. 518 00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:24,599 Not that I didn't sympathize, 519 00:31:24,600 --> 00:31:29,499 but it was an intolerable situation for him being the 520 00:31:29,500 --> 00:31:31,659 son of who he was the son of. 521 00:31:31,660 --> 00:31:33,529 I think that was what made it so awful. 522 00:31:33,530 --> 00:31:36,000 I mean these days, who would give a damn? 523 00:31:37,330 --> 00:31:40,629 But his middle son Patrick was of even more 524 00:31:40,630 --> 00:31:42,759 immediate concern. 525 00:31:42,760 --> 00:31:46,899 While visiting his father in Cuba in the summer of 1947, 526 00:31:46,900 --> 00:31:49,999 he had a severe psychotic episode. 527 00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:52,829 He had recently suffered a concussion which doctors 528 00:31:52,830 --> 00:31:55,229 thought must have triggered it. 529 00:31:55,230 --> 00:31:59,599 Patrick tore off his clothes, refused to eat, cursed 530 00:31:59,600 --> 00:32:03,329 and struck out at anyone who came near him. 531 00:32:03,330 --> 00:32:07,559 It is pretty hard to tell what happened to me. 532 00:32:07,560 --> 00:32:10,429 If you would go by the symptoms... 533 00:32:10,430 --> 00:32:13,399 Extreme schizophrenia. 534 00:32:13,400 --> 00:32:15,029 Ha. 535 00:32:15,030 --> 00:32:17,559 But you know people don't get over schizophrenia, 536 00:32:17,560 --> 00:32:20,029 do they, as far as I know? 537 00:32:20,030 --> 00:32:22,399 Hemingway refused to have his boy 538 00:32:22,400 --> 00:32:26,199 institutionalized, and for 3 months served as his 539 00:32:26,200 --> 00:32:30,899 tender and supportive nurse, getting by on 4 hours of sleep 540 00:32:30,900 --> 00:32:35,599 on the floor outside Patrick's door. 541 00:32:35,600 --> 00:32:40,459 Patrick's mother, pauline, came to Cuba to nurse him, too, 542 00:32:40,460 --> 00:32:43,859 and she and Mary became friends as "alumnae" of what 543 00:32:43,860 --> 00:32:47,659 they called "Hemingway university." 544 00:32:47,660 --> 00:32:51,559 With the help of a German psychiatrist, who prescribed 545 00:32:51,560 --> 00:32:56,760 electroshock therapy, Patrick eventually recovered. 546 00:33:10,130 --> 00:33:14,329 In December, 1948, the hemingways were staying 547 00:33:14,330 --> 00:33:17,929 half an hour's boat ride from venice, for what Mary hoped 548 00:33:17,930 --> 00:33:20,559 would be a much-delayed honeymoon. 549 00:33:20,560 --> 00:33:24,659 But Hemingway... grey-bearded and battered, still drinking 550 00:33:24,660 --> 00:33:28,229 far too much, with constant ringing in his ears 551 00:33:28,230 --> 00:33:30,459 and dangerously high blood pressure... 552 00:33:30,460 --> 00:33:35,829 Met an 18-year old Italian girl from an old, aristocratic family... 553 00:33:35,830 --> 00:33:41,399 Adriana ivancich... and fell obsessively in love with her. 554 00:33:41,400 --> 00:33:45,529 She was fresh from convent school and well-read, though 555 00:33:45,530 --> 00:33:48,699 she'd never read anything by Hemingway, and she enjoyed 556 00:33:48,700 --> 00:33:51,899 listening to him talk at Harry's bar and while they 557 00:33:51,900 --> 00:33:54,199 ambled together through venice. 558 00:33:54,200 --> 00:33:58,259 He called her "daughter" and asked her to call him "papa," 559 00:33:58,260 --> 00:34:01,929 but he also told her that he would beg her to marry him 560 00:34:01,930 --> 00:34:05,459 if he didn't know she'd say no. 561 00:34:05,460 --> 00:34:09,259 And it was a great blow to him that she didn't 562 00:34:09,260 --> 00:34:10,660 fall in love with him. 563 00:34:12,460 --> 00:34:16,299 Every time before this, when he's wanted a woman, 564 00:34:16,300 --> 00:34:18,659 that's it. She's his. 565 00:34:18,660 --> 00:34:21,459 He can discard this wife, take the new one. 566 00:34:21,460 --> 00:34:24,559 F. Scott Fitzgerald said he "wanted a new... a new wife 567 00:34:24,560 --> 00:34:26,299 for every book." 568 00:34:26,300 --> 00:34:30,559 But, Adriana, that's different to him, ok? 569 00:34:30,560 --> 00:34:33,629 Mary worried that her husband was "weaving" 570 00:34:33,630 --> 00:34:38,299 "a mesh which might entangle and pain him," but Adriana 571 00:34:38,300 --> 00:34:41,529 became the model for the love interest in the novel he had 572 00:34:41,530 --> 00:34:47,459 finally begun working on, "across the river and into the trees." 573 00:34:47,460 --> 00:34:51,259 Its protagonist, inspired in part by buck lanham, 574 00:34:51,260 --> 00:34:55,199 is a dying 50-year-old American infantry colonel 575 00:34:55,200 --> 00:34:58,199 filled with memories of the horrors he has witnessed 576 00:34:58,200 --> 00:35:00,199 in two wars. 577 00:35:00,200 --> 00:35:04,399 He spends his last 3 days in venice where he makes love 578 00:35:04,400 --> 00:35:08,359 to an 18-year-old girl whom Hemingway names "Renata"... 579 00:35:08,360 --> 00:35:11,599 Italian for "reborn." 580 00:35:11,600 --> 00:35:15,959 When he got back to Cuba, he wrote like a man possessed. 581 00:35:15,960 --> 00:35:20,259 He was almost 50, but he told his publisher that summer he 582 00:35:20,260 --> 00:35:23,899 was writing as if he were 25 again. 583 00:35:23,900 --> 00:35:28,229 I don't think he was ever unhappy to have us 584 00:35:28,230 --> 00:35:30,929 confuse him with his characters. 585 00:35:30,930 --> 00:35:36,399 But by then, I think he assumed the identification was 586 00:35:36,400 --> 00:35:42,959 so complete that he had to make a romantic, 587 00:35:42,960 --> 00:35:46,559 manly figure of colonel cantwell 588 00:35:46,560 --> 00:35:49,399 with the Italian mistress. 589 00:35:51,360 --> 00:35:54,559 Man, as Hemingway: She came into the room, shining in her 590 00:35:54,560 --> 00:35:58,599 youth and tall striding beauty, and the carelessness 591 00:35:58,600 --> 00:36:01,059 the wind had made of her hair. 592 00:36:01,060 --> 00:36:05,559 She had pale, almost olive- colored skin, a profile that 593 00:36:05,560 --> 00:36:10,059 could break your, or anyone else's heart, and her dark hair, 594 00:36:10,060 --> 00:36:14,829 of an alive texture, hung down over her shoulders. 595 00:36:14,830 --> 00:36:17,659 Hemingway had convinced himself that he was 596 00:36:17,660 --> 00:36:19,829 writing better than ever. 597 00:36:19,830 --> 00:36:21,659 He was not. 598 00:36:21,660 --> 00:36:23,929 Man, as Hemingway: The wind was very cold and lashed 599 00:36:23,930 --> 00:36:27,829 their faces, but under the blanket there was no wind nor 600 00:36:27,830 --> 00:36:32,129 nothing; Only his ruined hand that searched for the island 601 00:36:32,130 --> 00:36:35,259 in the great river with the high steep banks. 602 00:36:35,260 --> 00:36:37,999 "Please don't move," the girl said. 603 00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:40,259 "Then move a great amount." 604 00:36:40,260 --> 00:36:43,829 The colonel, lying under the blanket in the wind, knowing 605 00:36:43,830 --> 00:36:48,099 it is only what man does for woman that he retains, except 606 00:36:48,100 --> 00:36:51,059 what he does for his fatherland or his motherland, 607 00:36:51,060 --> 00:36:54,799 however you get the reading, proceeded. 608 00:36:54,800 --> 00:36:58,299 He thought he was reaching a kind of perfection 609 00:36:58,300 --> 00:37:00,729 and abundance in his prose. 610 00:37:00,730 --> 00:37:05,459 And what he was writing was "across the river and into the trees." 611 00:37:05,460 --> 00:37:09,499 He was also acting strangely, firing off letters 612 00:37:09,500 --> 00:37:14,359 filled with increasingly tall tales and irrational boasting. 613 00:37:14,360 --> 00:37:17,729 "All writers are liars," he liked to say, especially 614 00:37:17,730 --> 00:37:20,399 when they'd had a few drinks. 615 00:37:20,400 --> 00:37:23,899 But he now claimed 4 of his ancestors had fought 616 00:37:23,900 --> 00:37:27,559 in the crusades, that his great-great-grandmother was 617 00:37:27,560 --> 00:37:31,329 a northern Cheyenne, that he himself was conducting 618 00:37:31,330 --> 00:37:36,399 simultaneous affairs with 4 venetian countesses, had been 619 00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:42,829 wounded 22 times and had killed 122 armed men in now 620 00:37:42,830 --> 00:37:45,559 5 different wars. 621 00:37:45,560 --> 00:37:50,329 Friends worried about what seemed to be happening to him. 622 00:37:50,330 --> 00:37:52,699 His moods had always shifted. 623 00:37:52,700 --> 00:37:56,899 Now they wildly swung up and down. 624 00:37:56,900 --> 00:38:01,729 He was, so floridly manic, thinking this terrible 625 00:38:01,730 --> 00:38:04,459 book is his best book and falling in love 626 00:38:04,460 --> 00:38:09,859 inappropriately, but you were also seeing these depressions. 627 00:38:09,860 --> 00:38:12,899 And when he was depressed, he was mean. 628 00:38:12,900 --> 00:38:15,699 He disappeared into Havana one day 629 00:38:15,700 --> 00:38:18,459 and then turned up for lunch on the "Pilar" 630 00:38:18,460 --> 00:38:23,799 with a 17-year-old prostitute on his arm. 631 00:38:23,800 --> 00:38:26,759 Woman, as Welsh Hemingway: "Dear Ernest, as soon as it 632 00:38:26,760 --> 00:38:29,599 "is possible for me to move out, I shall move. 633 00:38:29,600 --> 00:38:34,259 "Maybe it is ambiguous for me to explain my reasons for leaving, 634 00:38:34,260 --> 00:38:37,299 "but I write them down because I think this time you should 635 00:38:37,300 --> 00:38:40,259 "have the opportunity of knowing precisely how I feel 636 00:38:40,260 --> 00:38:42,599 "about this marriage. 637 00:38:42,600 --> 00:38:47,829 "It began in 1944 in bed in the ritz hotel in Paris and my own 638 00:38:47,830 --> 00:38:52,059 I thought you were a straight 639 00:38:52,060 --> 00:38:55,359 "and honorable and brave man and magnetically 640 00:38:55,360 --> 00:38:57,729 "endearing to me. 641 00:38:57,730 --> 00:39:01,929 "And because, although I was suspicious of your over-drinking, 642 00:39:01,930 --> 00:39:05,429 "you said so often that your chief desire was to be good 643 00:39:05,430 --> 00:39:11,329 "and adult and to live your one and only life intelligently. 644 00:39:11,330 --> 00:39:15,129 "I believed you and in you. 645 00:39:15,130 --> 00:39:17,459 "Your principal failure is that, 646 00:39:17,460 --> 00:39:20,259 "primarily because of your accumulating ego 647 00:39:20,260 --> 00:39:23,659 "and your increasing lapses into over-drinking, you have 648 00:39:23,660 --> 00:39:26,999 "not been the good man you said you intended to be. 649 00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:30,499 "Both privately and in public, you have insulted me and my 650 00:39:30,500 --> 00:39:36,059 "dignity as a human being and a woman devoted to you and have 651 00:39:36,060 --> 00:39:39,829 "debased my pride in you in front of friends. 652 00:39:39,830 --> 00:39:44,899 "I think we must now both admit that this marriage is a failure. 653 00:39:44,900 --> 00:39:46,930 Therefore let us end it." 654 00:39:50,730 --> 00:39:54,059 "Stick with me kitten," Hemingway responded. 655 00:39:54,060 --> 00:39:58,029 "I hope you will decide to stick with me." 656 00:39:58,030 --> 00:40:01,629 Mary did stick with him, but nothing was settled 657 00:40:01,630 --> 00:40:04,759 between them. 658 00:40:04,760 --> 00:40:08,459 A few weeks before his long- awaited novel about venice was 659 00:40:08,460 --> 00:40:12,359 to be published, he lost his footing aboard the "Pilar" 660 00:40:12,360 --> 00:40:15,699 and hit his head again. 661 00:40:15,700 --> 00:40:19,259 Afterwards, he wrote a friend that he had reached what he 662 00:40:19,260 --> 00:40:21,929 called a "bad low." 663 00:40:21,930 --> 00:40:26,699 He'd taken "a long deep dive in the Gulf stream," he said. 664 00:40:26,700 --> 00:40:29,529 "It was awfully nice down there and I was tempted to 665 00:40:29,530 --> 00:40:31,399 "stay there, 666 00:40:31,400 --> 00:40:33,529 "but you have to set a good example to your 667 00:40:33,530 --> 00:40:35,899 children and et cetera." 668 00:40:35,900 --> 00:40:39,399 When "across the river and into the trees" was published 669 00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:42,829 in September of 1950, it became an instant 670 00:40:42,830 --> 00:40:44,699 best-seller, 671 00:40:44,700 --> 00:40:48,529 but it was not the great novel of the second world war 672 00:40:48,530 --> 00:40:52,129 critics were expecting and he received the worst reviews 673 00:40:52,130 --> 00:40:54,059 of his career. 674 00:40:54,060 --> 00:40:57,129 They called the book sentimental, embarrassing, 675 00:40:57,130 --> 00:40:59,699 even pitiable. 676 00:40:59,700 --> 00:41:02,599 "It is not only Hemingway's worst novel," 677 00:41:02,600 --> 00:41:05,699 said the "Saturday review of literature," "it is 678 00:41:05,700 --> 00:41:09,329 "a synthesis of everything that is bad in his previous work 679 00:41:09,330 --> 00:41:13,099 and it throws a doubtful light on the future." 680 00:41:13,100 --> 00:41:17,499 The book made Martha gellhorn "sick," she told a friend, 681 00:41:17,500 --> 00:41:19,399 "shivering sick." 682 00:41:19,400 --> 00:41:23,199 It had the "sound of madness and a terrible smell, 683 00:41:23,200 --> 00:41:25,929 as of decay." 684 00:41:25,930 --> 00:41:29,229 "Across the river and into the trees" comes out, 685 00:41:29,230 --> 00:41:33,599 and it receives the worst imaginable reviews. 686 00:41:33,600 --> 00:41:36,799 People call it "maudlin," they say Hemingway is 687 00:41:36,800 --> 00:41:40,899 finished, this book is so bad that it calls into question 688 00:41:40,900 --> 00:41:43,359 his entire career so far. 689 00:41:43,360 --> 00:41:45,529 Hemingway's done, it's over, you know. 690 00:41:45,530 --> 00:41:49,429 It's a disaster. It's a disaster. 691 00:41:49,430 --> 00:41:51,629 Not to mention the lovemaking in the gondola 692 00:41:51,630 --> 00:41:54,130 with the birds flying. Ha ha! 693 00:41:56,030 --> 00:42:00,259 Something is starting to happen in the 1950s... 694 00:42:00,260 --> 00:42:07,599 Call it fame, call it too much drinking, too much of too much. 695 00:42:07,600 --> 00:42:10,629 There is a constant check of blood pressure. 696 00:42:10,630 --> 00:42:15,059 There is a concern for mortality in Hemingway 697 00:42:15,060 --> 00:42:18,959 that he always knew was there, as we all do, 698 00:42:18,960 --> 00:42:23,259 but at the same time don't know until illness or 699 00:42:23,260 --> 00:42:25,729 something begins to show itself. 700 00:42:25,730 --> 00:42:29,099 To some extent, someone as vibrant as this, I think that 701 00:42:29,100 --> 00:42:32,159 came as a bit of a shock. 702 00:42:32,160 --> 00:42:37,829 And the drinking and the history of mental illness 703 00:42:37,830 --> 00:42:41,599 in the family had to be on his mind. 704 00:42:41,600 --> 00:42:45,360 His father had to be on his mind. 705 00:42:50,100 --> 00:42:54,859 In early 1951, Hemingway's publisher Charles scribner 706 00:42:54,860 --> 00:42:58,259 sent him galleys of a world war ii novel called, 707 00:42:58,260 --> 00:43:01,459 "from here to eternity," by a young writer named 708 00:43:01,460 --> 00:43:07,029 James Jones in the hope Hemingway might write a blurb. 709 00:43:07,030 --> 00:43:10,859 After seeing combat in the pacific, Jones had gone awol 710 00:43:10,860 --> 00:43:15,159 during the second world war and been given an honorable discharge 711 00:43:15,160 --> 00:43:22,459 for psychiatric reasons; His protagonist went awol, too. 712 00:43:22,460 --> 00:43:25,659 Hemingway told scribner he hated the book. 713 00:43:25,660 --> 00:43:29,559 Though his own hero of "a farewell to arms" had deserted, 714 00:43:29,560 --> 00:43:33,829 Jones was a coward, a whiner, a "battle-fatigue type," 715 00:43:33,830 --> 00:43:37,499 he wrote, likely to commit suicide once "things 716 00:43:37,500 --> 00:43:39,499 catch up with him." 717 00:43:39,500 --> 00:43:44,229 His book was sure to "do great damage to our country." 718 00:43:44,230 --> 00:43:46,699 Man, as Hemingway: "Probably I should re-read it again to" 719 00:43:46,700 --> 00:43:48,999 "give you a truer answer. 720 00:43:49,000 --> 00:43:52,829 "But I do not have to eat an entire bowl of scabs to know 721 00:43:52,830 --> 00:43:58,529 "they are scabs; Nor suck a boil to know it is a boil; 722 00:43:58,530 --> 00:44:03,299 "nor swim through a river of snot to know it is snot. 723 00:44:03,300 --> 00:44:07,929 "I hope he kills himself as soon as it does not damage his 724 00:44:07,930 --> 00:44:09,899 "or your sales. 725 00:44:09,900 --> 00:44:13,629 "If you give him a literary tea, you might ask him to drain 726 00:44:13,630 --> 00:44:20,959 "a bucket of snot and then suck the puss out of a dead ear. 727 00:44:20,960 --> 00:44:24,529 "Wouldn't have brought him up if you hadn't asked me. 728 00:44:24,530 --> 00:44:29,130 Now I feel as unclean as when I read his -off book." 729 00:44:31,630 --> 00:44:33,600 Yeah. 730 00:44:37,600 --> 00:44:41,399 It's... it's another mystery why this most 731 00:44:41,400 --> 00:44:44,399 famous writer of writers, uh... 732 00:44:44,400 --> 00:44:49,629 Would have felt so, uh... 733 00:44:49,630 --> 00:44:55,259 Unsafe in his position and embattled in it 734 00:44:55,260 --> 00:45:00,399 and needing to fend off all other writers as if they were 735 00:45:00,400 --> 00:45:02,859 challenging him. 736 00:45:02,860 --> 00:45:07,129 Why didn't he just say, "i, you know, I didn't warm up to this book", 737 00:45:07,130 --> 00:45:09,599 "I don't know what I would say about it," and let it go? 738 00:45:09,600 --> 00:45:11,599 But no. 739 00:45:11,600 --> 00:45:13,859 The fact that he would revile a fellow writer doesn't 740 00:45:13,860 --> 00:45:17,459 shock me at all, but the harshness of it, yeah. 741 00:45:17,460 --> 00:45:21,659 The racial epithets here, something that he knew would 742 00:45:21,660 --> 00:45:25,759 probably see the light of day at some point. 743 00:45:25,760 --> 00:45:28,700 Yeah. It complicates things immensely. 744 00:45:31,860 --> 00:45:33,629 I'm not really sure what to say about this, 745 00:45:33,630 --> 00:45:35,299 to explain it away. 746 00:45:35,300 --> 00:45:38,059 I don't know if you can explain it away. 747 00:45:38,060 --> 00:45:40,459 We're all deeply flawed. 748 00:45:40,460 --> 00:45:44,659 And Hemingway's you know complex nature is something 749 00:45:44,660 --> 00:45:48,059 that we'll never solve with one pithy phrase. 750 00:45:48,060 --> 00:45:51,399 We won't explain these awful letters he wrote. 751 00:45:51,400 --> 00:45:54,859 We won't ever be able to forgive him for the awful 752 00:45:54,860 --> 00:45:58,299 things he said about people, the words he used that had no, 753 00:45:58,300 --> 00:46:03,400 no reason but hurt, but there it is. 754 00:46:13,760 --> 00:46:15,829 In Cuba, he would actually rehearse 755 00:46:15,830 --> 00:46:18,229 a suicide for friends. 756 00:46:18,230 --> 00:46:21,559 He would have friends over for dinner and then he would, 757 00:46:21,560 --> 00:46:24,599 uh, put his shotgun on the floor and put his big toe 758 00:46:24,600 --> 00:46:26,599 in the trigger and put the barrel in the roof of his mouth, 759 00:46:26,600 --> 00:46:29,599 and everyone would listen to it go "click." 760 00:46:29,600 --> 00:46:33,199 And he would lift his mouth off the barrel, grinning. 761 00:46:33,200 --> 00:46:35,829 "I have nothing in my head," Hemingway told 762 00:46:35,830 --> 00:46:37,429 an old friend. 763 00:46:37,430 --> 00:46:40,629 "I'm fed up with living. I can't write. 764 00:46:40,630 --> 00:46:46,759 I love only Adriana. I'm going to commit suicide." 765 00:46:46,760 --> 00:46:50,729 He took out his despair and frustration on Mary, calling 766 00:46:50,730 --> 00:46:54,559 her a "whore, bitch, liar, moron." 767 00:46:54,560 --> 00:46:57,729 She told his publisher she feared she was witnessing 768 00:46:57,730 --> 00:47:00,859 "the disintegration of a personality." 769 00:47:02,700 --> 00:47:05,999 It's a very tragic thing, and I believe that 770 00:47:06,000 --> 00:47:08,459 relationship did get physical. 771 00:47:08,460 --> 00:47:11,999 She's just little and he's this hulking, you know, 772 00:47:12,000 --> 00:47:15,799 6-foot-something man. It's... it's dangerous. 773 00:47:15,800 --> 00:47:18,429 Mary had threatened to leave him many times. 774 00:47:18,430 --> 00:47:20,729 They were violent towards each other. 775 00:47:20,730 --> 00:47:22,899 He was violent towards her. 776 00:47:22,900 --> 00:47:25,229 And at one point, their Cuban doctor took the 777 00:47:25,230 --> 00:47:26,999 shotguns out of the home; They were threatening each other 778 00:47:27,000 --> 00:47:28,929 with shotguns. 779 00:47:28,930 --> 00:47:32,259 They would go at each other, tooth and nail. 780 00:47:32,260 --> 00:47:34,599 He knows he's struggling to write. 781 00:47:34,600 --> 00:47:38,399 He's got to do something. Everything he's lived for, 782 00:47:38,400 --> 00:47:41,159 everything he's worked for, the whole idea of being 783 00:47:41,160 --> 00:47:45,629 an immortal American writer is at stake. 784 00:47:48,260 --> 00:47:53,159 Then in October of 1950, Adriana and her mother 785 00:47:53,160 --> 00:47:56,699 came to Cuba for an extended visit. 786 00:47:56,700 --> 00:48:00,159 Hemingway was elated. 787 00:48:00,160 --> 00:48:02,229 He goes into training. 788 00:48:02,230 --> 00:48:04,929 He talks about going into training like a boxer. 789 00:48:04,930 --> 00:48:09,759 And for a period of weeks, he loses weight, he stops 790 00:48:09,760 --> 00:48:13,699 drinking everything except a little bit of wine, he eats 791 00:48:13,700 --> 00:48:17,399 celery sticks, lots of protein like raw wild duck. 792 00:48:17,400 --> 00:48:22,029 He swims laps in the pool, he gets into shape. 793 00:48:22,030 --> 00:48:26,229 He idealized love so much and it gave him 794 00:48:26,230 --> 00:48:28,129 so much energy. 795 00:48:28,130 --> 00:48:31,059 If you remember being in love as a teenager, 796 00:48:31,060 --> 00:48:33,159 you're so happy. 797 00:48:33,160 --> 00:48:37,159 Adriana allowed him to re-create that. 798 00:48:37,160 --> 00:48:41,559 She moves much more from being a potential love relationship 799 00:48:41,560 --> 00:48:43,560 to being a kind of muse. 800 00:48:46,530 --> 00:48:54,599 Inspired by Adriana, Hemingway began a new story. 801 00:48:54,600 --> 00:48:57,899 Man, as Hemingway: The old man was thin and gaunt with deep 802 00:48:57,900 --> 00:49:01,299 wrinkles in the back of his neck. 803 00:49:01,300 --> 00:49:04,999 The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun 804 00:49:05,000 --> 00:49:08,129 brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were 805 00:49:08,130 --> 00:49:10,229 on his cheeks. 806 00:49:10,230 --> 00:49:13,329 The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his 807 00:49:13,330 --> 00:49:16,729 hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish 808 00:49:16,730 --> 00:49:18,929 on the cords. 809 00:49:18,930 --> 00:49:21,759 But none of these scars were fresh. 810 00:49:21,760 --> 00:49:27,259 They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert. 811 00:49:27,260 --> 00:49:32,559 Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were 812 00:49:32,560 --> 00:49:38,929 the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated. 813 00:49:38,930 --> 00:49:41,359 It was a fictionalized version 814 00:49:41,360 --> 00:49:44,699 of an article he'd first published in "esquire" magazine 815 00:49:44,700 --> 00:49:47,429 15 years earlier. 816 00:49:47,430 --> 00:49:52,729 He wrote the new novel in just 8 weeks. 817 00:49:52,730 --> 00:49:58,099 "The old man and the sea" told the story of an old Cuban fisherman 818 00:49:58,100 --> 00:50:01,459 alone in a skiff, who hooked a great marlin that 819 00:50:01,460 --> 00:50:05,129 towed him far out to sea before he could harpoon 820 00:50:05,130 --> 00:50:08,299 and lash it alongside. 821 00:50:08,300 --> 00:50:11,329 But as he struggled to return to land, 822 00:50:11,330 --> 00:50:14,830 sharks devoured most of his prize. 823 00:50:17,700 --> 00:50:20,559 In the evenings, Hemingway would let Mary read what he 824 00:50:20,560 --> 00:50:22,929 had written that day. 825 00:50:22,930 --> 00:50:26,729 "Lamb," she told him after finishing the manuscript, 826 00:50:26,730 --> 00:50:29,729 "I am prepared to pardon you for all the disagreeable 827 00:50:29,730 --> 00:50:32,299 things you have done to me." 828 00:50:32,300 --> 00:50:34,759 Woman, as Welsh Hemingway: Those were sweet hours. 829 00:50:34,760 --> 00:50:39,259 Only the sighs of a breeze in the palms or the faraway chuff 830 00:50:39,260 --> 00:50:43,299 of a lorry on the main road came through the open windows. 831 00:50:43,300 --> 00:50:46,099 If I made some involuntary whisper 832 00:50:46,100 --> 00:50:49,099 of approval, he came over to read, peering over 833 00:50:49,100 --> 00:50:51,159 my shoulder. 834 00:50:51,160 --> 00:50:55,599 This was simple line-drawing beauty, I thought. 835 00:50:55,600 --> 00:51:00,229 It reminded me of bach fugues and Picasso drawings without 836 00:51:00,230 --> 00:51:02,700 clutter or frills. 837 00:51:04,160 --> 00:51:06,859 Hemingway had originally planned to include 838 00:51:06,860 --> 00:51:10,699 the story as the coda to a longer novel, but he now 839 00:51:10,700 --> 00:51:13,359 wanted it to stand on its own. 840 00:51:13,360 --> 00:51:16,529 "Publishing it now," he told scribner's, "will get rid 841 00:51:16,530 --> 00:51:20,429 "of the school of criticism that I am through as a writer, 842 00:51:20,430 --> 00:51:23,529 "that claims I can write about nothing except myself 843 00:51:23,530 --> 00:51:25,929 "and my own experiences. 844 00:51:25,930 --> 00:51:29,859 "It could even serve as an epilogue to all my writing 845 00:51:29,860 --> 00:51:33,499 "and what I have learned or tried to learn, while writing 846 00:51:33,500 --> 00:51:35,300 and trying to live." 847 00:51:37,260 --> 00:51:39,999 Most readers seemed to agree. 848 00:51:40,000 --> 00:51:43,799 "The old man and the sea" appeared first in "life" magazine 849 00:51:43,800 --> 00:51:50,429 on September 1, 1952 and sold well over 5 million copies. 850 00:51:50,430 --> 00:51:53,359 The hard-cover book, when it was published, would remain 851 00:51:53,360 --> 00:51:57,499 on the best-seller list for 26 weeks. 852 00:52:50,700 --> 00:52:53,929 Most reviewers loved the book, too. 853 00:52:53,930 --> 00:52:56,229 "The old man and the sea" proved, the critic 854 00:52:56,230 --> 00:52:59,199 Mark schorer wrote, that "Hemingway's art", 855 00:52:59,200 --> 00:53:00,959 "when it is art, 856 00:53:00,960 --> 00:53:03,429 "is absolutely incomparable. 857 00:53:03,430 --> 00:53:07,999 "He is unquestionably the greatest craftsman in the American novel 858 00:53:08,000 --> 00:53:10,000 in this century." 859 00:53:12,100 --> 00:53:15,999 The test of a book for me is how many times you 860 00:53:16,000 --> 00:53:19,659 want to re-read it. 861 00:53:19,660 --> 00:53:25,759 It doesn't work for me because it's so ordinary. 862 00:53:25,760 --> 00:53:30,099 It's adolescence. It's schoolboy writing. 863 00:53:30,100 --> 00:53:32,259 I'm sorry. 864 00:53:32,260 --> 00:53:35,429 It's the writer. He's the bloody fish. 865 00:53:35,430 --> 00:53:38,259 He's struggling to do it. 866 00:53:38,260 --> 00:53:41,429 And I feel, in some ways, sympathetic because I know how 867 00:53:41,430 --> 00:53:45,599 hard it is to write even one good sentence. 868 00:53:45,600 --> 00:53:49,099 This is not the book that would be the finest flower 869 00:53:49,100 --> 00:53:52,129 on his grave. It's not. 870 00:53:52,130 --> 00:53:54,759 With "the old man and the sea," you see the 871 00:53:54,760 --> 00:53:59,299 agony of this old man, you see his bravery, you see his 872 00:53:59,300 --> 00:54:04,329 desire to redeem himself and you see him sort of arrive 873 00:54:04,330 --> 00:54:07,899 with the prize, but the prize is in tatters. 874 00:54:07,900 --> 00:54:09,699 And isn't life like that? 875 00:54:09,700 --> 00:54:12,499 I mean, ultimately life is so ironic you know. 876 00:54:12,500 --> 00:54:15,659 You get the biggest damn fish out there, you redeem your 877 00:54:15,660 --> 00:54:21,329 reputation, but by the time you get it to shore, it's gone 878 00:54:21,330 --> 00:54:23,199 and so are you. 879 00:55:21,630 --> 00:55:24,899 The refrain, as he's trying to come in 880 00:55:24,900 --> 00:55:28,799 and the sharks keep hitting the fish and keep taking it away, 881 00:55:28,800 --> 00:55:32,929 as he said, "the thing I did wrong is, I went 882 00:55:32,930 --> 00:55:35,359 out too far." 883 00:55:35,360 --> 00:55:37,859 I went beyond what I can control. 884 00:55:37,860 --> 00:55:40,759 I went beyond what I can compensate for. 885 00:55:40,760 --> 00:55:45,699 And I hear that as just beautiful and awful, and full 886 00:55:45,700 --> 00:55:49,330 of pathos, and that is Hemingway. 887 00:55:52,630 --> 00:55:55,799 Man, as Hemingway: He was past everything now and he sailed 888 00:55:55,800 --> 00:55:58,529 the skiff to make his home port as well and as 889 00:55:58,530 --> 00:56:00,829 intelligently as he could. 890 00:56:00,830 --> 00:56:04,699 In the night, sharks hit the carcass as someone might pick up 891 00:56:04,700 --> 00:56:06,799 crumbs from the table. 892 00:56:06,800 --> 00:56:11,129 The old man paid no attention to them and did not pay any 893 00:56:11,130 --> 00:56:14,129 attention to anything except steering. 894 00:56:14,130 --> 00:56:17,529 He only noticed how lightly and how well the skiff sailed. 895 00:56:17,530 --> 00:56:20,030 Now there was no great weight beside her. 896 00:56:22,500 --> 00:56:25,129 He could feel he was inside the current now 897 00:56:25,130 --> 00:56:26,999 and he could see the lights 898 00:56:27,000 --> 00:56:29,859 of the beach colonies along the shore. 899 00:56:29,860 --> 00:56:35,429 He knew where he was now and it was nothing to get home. 900 00:56:35,430 --> 00:56:39,459 It is easy when you are beaten, he thought. 901 00:56:39,460 --> 00:56:42,699 I never knew how easy it was. 902 00:56:42,700 --> 00:56:45,359 And what beat you, he thought. 903 00:56:45,360 --> 00:56:49,629 "Nothing," he said aloud. 904 00:56:49,630 --> 00:56:52,429 "I went out too far." 905 00:56:58,530 --> 00:57:04,099 In June of 1951, Ernest's mother, grace hall Hemingway 906 00:57:04,100 --> 00:57:07,959 had died at the age of 79. 907 00:57:07,960 --> 00:57:10,299 She'd been living in Memphis, Tennessee with one 908 00:57:10,300 --> 00:57:12,299 of his sisters. 909 00:57:12,300 --> 00:57:14,899 Hemingway had been supporting his mother but had not 910 00:57:14,900 --> 00:57:16,759 seen her in years. 911 00:57:16,760 --> 00:57:19,699 "I hate her guts," he explained to a friend, 912 00:57:19,700 --> 00:57:21,759 "and she hates mine." 913 00:57:21,760 --> 00:57:25,559 He did not attend her funeral either, but he did soften 914 00:57:25,560 --> 00:57:28,429 a little at her death. 915 00:57:28,430 --> 00:57:31,559 "I have been thinking about how beautiful she was when she 916 00:57:31,560 --> 00:57:35,259 was young, " he wrote, " before everything went to hell in our 917 00:57:35,260 --> 00:57:39,429 "family and about how happy we all were as children 918 00:57:39,430 --> 00:57:41,430 before it all broke up." 919 00:57:43,230 --> 00:57:46,659 More family hell had followed. 920 00:57:46,660 --> 00:57:50,759 In September of that year, 19-year-old Gregory Hemingway 921 00:57:50,760 --> 00:57:53,259 was arrested in the ladies room of a Los Angeles 922 00:57:53,260 --> 00:57:57,429 movie theater wearing women's clothes. 923 00:57:57,430 --> 00:58:02,299 After his arrest, his mother, pauline, Hemingway's second wife, 924 00:58:02,300 --> 00:58:07,159 rushed to Los Angeles to bail him out, then spoke by phone 925 00:58:07,160 --> 00:58:09,499 with Hemingway in Cuba. 926 00:58:09,500 --> 00:58:13,629 Each blamed the other for what had happened to their son. 927 00:58:13,630 --> 00:58:17,759 There was shouting and tears. 928 00:58:17,760 --> 00:58:21,029 The two of them went at each other tooth and nail 929 00:58:21,030 --> 00:58:24,099 about who was responsible for this. 930 00:58:24,100 --> 00:58:29,359 My dad and my mother really had a terrible telephone 931 00:58:29,360 --> 00:58:32,099 conversation about it. 932 00:58:32,100 --> 00:58:36,759 That night, pauline was rushed to the hospital in agony. 933 00:58:36,760 --> 00:58:42,059 A rare and undiagnosed adrenal tumor had burst. 934 00:58:42,060 --> 00:58:45,000 She died on the operating table. 935 00:58:46,600 --> 00:58:49,759 It was a disaster all around. 936 00:58:49,760 --> 00:58:53,329 And from that time on, the relationship between Greg 937 00:58:53,330 --> 00:58:55,299 and my dad was terrible. 938 00:58:55,300 --> 00:58:58,559 Hemingway told Gregory that the shock of his arrest 939 00:58:58,560 --> 00:59:01,899 had caused his mother's death. 940 00:59:01,900 --> 00:59:05,999 Gregory responded with fury. 941 00:59:06,000 --> 00:59:08,499 Man, as Gregory: "When it's all added up, papa, it will be..." 942 00:59:08,500 --> 00:59:12,499 "He wrote a few good stories, had a fresh approach to reality, 943 00:59:12,500 --> 00:59:16,659 "and he destroyed 5 persons... Hadley, pauline, 944 00:59:16,660 --> 00:59:22,659 "Marty, Patrick, and possibly myself. 945 00:59:22,660 --> 00:59:27,099 "Which do you think is the most important, you self-centered, 946 00:59:27,100 --> 00:59:29,159 "the stories or the people? 947 00:59:29,160 --> 00:59:30,999 "I suppose you wonder 948 00:59:31,000 --> 00:59:34,259 "what has happened to all my filial respect for you. 949 00:59:34,260 --> 00:59:38,559 "Well, it's gone, ernestine, dear, it's gone! 950 00:59:38,560 --> 00:59:41,729 "It's gone with the hundred thousand cruelties you have 951 00:59:41,730 --> 00:59:44,359 "inflicted on people for the last 10 years and with the 952 00:59:44,360 --> 00:59:48,059 "thousand righteous drunks of that period. 953 00:59:48,060 --> 00:59:52,199 "You'll never write that great novel because you're a sick man... 954 00:59:52,200 --> 00:59:57,629 "Sick in the head and too proud and scared to admit it. 955 00:59:57,630 --> 01:00:00,859 "In spite of the critics, that last one was as sickly 956 01:00:00,860 --> 01:00:03,799 "a bucket of sentimental slop as was ever scrubbed 957 01:00:03,800 --> 01:00:05,999 "off a barroom floor. 958 01:00:06,000 --> 01:00:09,899 "There's nothing I'd rather see than you write a beauty 959 01:00:09,900 --> 01:00:14,099 "and there's nothing I'd rather see than you act intelligently, 960 01:00:14,100 --> 01:00:17,329 "but until you do, I'm gonna give you just 961 01:00:17,330 --> 01:00:21,029 "what you deserve, and in extra-large handfuls to make up 962 01:00:21,030 --> 01:00:24,130 for the trouble you've caused me." 963 01:00:26,560 --> 01:00:28,359 Man, as Hemingway: "I have learned from your letters", 964 01:00:28,360 --> 01:00:31,399 "if I did not know it before, that I am not always 965 01:00:31,400 --> 01:00:33,829 "a charming character. 966 01:00:33,830 --> 01:00:40,099 "But I am not a gin-soaked monster going around ruining people's lives. 967 01:00:40,100 --> 01:00:42,999 "Your mother wrote me before she died that 968 01:00:43,000 --> 01:00:46,499 "you still had flashes of your old charm and decency 969 01:00:46,500 --> 01:00:49,459 "and that we should never give up hope that you would come 970 01:00:49,460 --> 01:00:53,029 "through whatever was happening to you. 971 01:00:53,030 --> 01:00:57,629 "Right now, I could use a good flash of your old charm and decency. 972 01:00:57,630 --> 01:01:03,759 I cannot use any more obscene or threatening letters." 973 01:01:03,760 --> 01:01:06,459 Gregory would later apologize. 974 01:01:06,460 --> 01:01:10,529 "I didn't mean to say those things," he wrote to his father. 975 01:01:10,530 --> 01:01:14,399 Hemingway wrote back, "now everything is straight... 976 01:01:14,400 --> 01:01:16,929 "Not chicken like forgiveness. 977 01:01:16,930 --> 01:01:18,459 "Rubbed out. 978 01:01:18,460 --> 01:01:22,659 Any time you want to show up, show up." 979 01:01:22,660 --> 01:01:28,229 That it is dangerous to be the child of a writer is 980 01:01:28,230 --> 01:01:31,399 certainly sustainable. 981 01:01:31,400 --> 01:01:36,299 I think my younger brother is as good an example as any. 982 01:01:36,300 --> 01:01:40,429 I mean, the most graphic representation of this 983 01:01:40,430 --> 01:01:46,859 is a goya painting "cronus eating his children." 984 01:01:46,860 --> 01:01:50,430 It's pretty good, you know. 985 01:01:57,530 --> 01:02:00,059 Man, as Hemingway: That night when we had gone to our own beds 986 01:02:00,060 --> 01:02:04,659 but were not yet asleep, we heard the lion roar. 987 01:02:04,660 --> 01:02:08,499 He was north of the camp and the roar came low and mounting 988 01:02:08,500 --> 01:02:12,159 in heaviness and then ended in a sigh. 989 01:02:12,160 --> 01:02:15,559 "I'm coming in with you," Mary said. 990 01:02:15,560 --> 01:02:19,029 We lay close together in the dark under the mosquito bar, 991 01:02:19,030 --> 01:02:21,399 my arm around her, and listened to him 992 01:02:21,400 --> 01:02:22,959 roar again. 993 01:02:25,060 --> 01:02:28,729 "There's no mistaking when it's him," Mary said. 994 01:02:28,730 --> 01:02:32,100 "I'm glad we're in bed together when we hear him." 995 01:02:33,830 --> 01:02:39,229 In the summer of 1953, 20 years after his first visit, 996 01:02:39,230 --> 01:02:43,329 Hemingway returned to east Africa with Mary. 997 01:02:43,330 --> 01:02:46,459 For a month, they were the sole foreigners permitted 998 01:02:46,460 --> 01:02:51,329 in the southern game reserve, 40 miles south of Nairobi. 999 01:02:51,330 --> 01:02:55,099 The Kenya government had set him up on this. 1000 01:02:55,100 --> 01:02:58,529 They just had a major insurrection. 1001 01:02:58,530 --> 01:03:00,829 It was affecting tourism. 1002 01:03:00,830 --> 01:03:04,029 They wanted him to have a good time. 1003 01:03:04,030 --> 01:03:06,699 And boy was he having a good time! 1004 01:03:06,700 --> 01:03:10,059 Patrick now owned a farm in east Africa and worked 1005 01:03:10,060 --> 01:03:13,999 as a guide and hunter, despite a guerrilla uprising against 1006 01:03:14,000 --> 01:03:15,229 white colonial rule. 1007 01:03:17,130 --> 01:03:20,529 They hunted for a time, but Hemingway was drinking even 1008 01:03:20,530 --> 01:03:24,699 more heavily than usual, shot poorly, once fell 1009 01:03:24,700 --> 01:03:26,729 from his Jeep. 1010 01:03:26,730 --> 01:03:30,729 He finally stopped shooting altogether, driving out from 1011 01:03:30,730 --> 01:03:35,199 camp instead each morning with Mary, just to see 1012 01:03:35,200 --> 01:03:37,460 and photograph the animals. 1013 01:03:44,260 --> 01:03:48,229 "He loved Africa," a member of his party remembered. 1014 01:03:48,230 --> 01:03:51,159 "He loved to sit in it and watch it. 1015 01:03:51,160 --> 01:03:55,159 He had natural knowledge of what animals do and where 1016 01:03:55,160 --> 01:03:57,729 they should be." 1017 01:03:57,730 --> 01:04:01,429 Hemingway, I think, was also really interested 1018 01:04:01,430 --> 01:04:04,899 in the people and who they actually were, a lot more 1019 01:04:04,900 --> 01:04:07,459 interested than he was in the thirties when he was just there 1020 01:04:07,460 --> 01:04:11,129 really to hunt and not paying attention to what was 1021 01:04:11,130 --> 01:04:12,829 actually going on. 1022 01:04:12,830 --> 01:04:16,129 When Hemingway comes back, east Africa 1023 01:04:16,130 --> 01:04:20,429 in colonialism, is literally under attack. 1024 01:04:20,430 --> 01:04:23,699 And he sees an Africa that is less tolerant of some of the... 1025 01:04:23,700 --> 01:04:26,629 Behavior that he exhibited early on. 1026 01:04:26,630 --> 01:04:29,659 It was wrong to call, say, those grown men who were 1027 01:04:29,660 --> 01:04:32,629 serving him, "boys" and not wanting to actively get to 1028 01:04:32,630 --> 01:04:34,599 know them. 1029 01:04:34,600 --> 01:04:38,299 He now considered the Kenyan guides and servants 1030 01:04:38,300 --> 01:04:40,029 "friends and brothers." 1031 01:04:40,030 --> 01:04:43,259 He wrote, "everyone had his duties and everyone 1032 01:04:43,260 --> 01:04:45,799 had a name." 1033 01:04:45,800 --> 01:04:49,759 But when Mary went off to Nairobi to do some Christmas shopping, 1034 01:04:49,760 --> 01:04:53,399 he somehow persuaded himself that in her absence 1035 01:04:53,400 --> 01:04:58,299 he should join the wakamba people and marry a young woman. 1036 01:04:58,300 --> 01:05:02,499 He shaved his head, dyed his clothes to imitate theirs, 1037 01:05:02,500 --> 01:05:06,230 and tried hunting a warthog with a spear. 1038 01:05:08,900 --> 01:05:13,729 Despite his bizarre behavior, in Africa, he and Mary were as 1039 01:05:13,730 --> 01:05:17,029 close as they had ever been. 1040 01:05:17,030 --> 01:05:20,299 Man, as Hemingway: Mary is a prince of devils, 1041 01:05:20,300 --> 01:05:23,659 and almost any place you touch her it can kill both 1042 01:05:23,660 --> 01:05:25,529 you and her. 1043 01:05:25,530 --> 01:05:29,829 She has always wanted to be a boy and thinks as a boy 1044 01:05:29,830 --> 01:05:32,759 without ever losing any femininity. 1045 01:05:32,760 --> 01:05:37,229 If you should become confused on this, you should retire. 1046 01:05:37,230 --> 01:05:42,099 She loves me to be her girls, which I love to be, not being 1047 01:05:42,100 --> 01:05:44,499 absolutely stupid. 1048 01:05:44,500 --> 01:05:47,929 In return, she makes me awards 1049 01:05:47,930 --> 01:05:51,099 and at night we do every sort of thing which pleases her 1050 01:05:51,100 --> 01:05:53,329 and which pleases me. 1051 01:05:53,330 --> 01:05:55,399 I loved feeling the embrace 1052 01:05:55,400 --> 01:05:58,799 of Mary which came to me as something quite new 1053 01:05:58,800 --> 01:06:02,429 and outside all tribal law. 1054 01:06:02,430 --> 01:06:07,199 On the night of December 19th, we worked out these things 1055 01:06:07,200 --> 01:06:10,260 and I have never been happier. 1056 01:06:11,900 --> 01:06:15,929 As a Christmas gift for his wife, Hemingway hired 1057 01:06:15,930 --> 01:06:20,729 a small plane that flew them over the ngorongoro crater, 1058 01:06:20,730 --> 01:06:24,159 the mountains of the moon, and the mighty murchison falls 1059 01:06:24,160 --> 01:06:26,959 in Uganda. 1060 01:06:26,960 --> 01:06:31,929 As the plane dipped low above the gorge so Mary could take photographs, 1061 01:06:31,930 --> 01:06:35,159 the pilot encountered a flock of birds, 1062 01:06:35,160 --> 01:06:40,959 dove to avoid them, and hit a telegraph line. 1063 01:06:40,960 --> 01:06:43,959 The plane plunged into the bush. 1064 01:06:43,960 --> 01:06:48,259 Mary was knocked unconscious, two ribs broken. 1065 01:06:48,260 --> 01:06:51,429 Hemingway suffered a torn shoulder. 1066 01:06:51,430 --> 01:06:54,629 They spent the night high above the bank of the nile 1067 01:06:54,630 --> 01:06:58,059 for fear of elephants, fortified by a bottle 1068 01:06:58,060 --> 01:07:01,659 of scotch that had somehow survived the crash 1069 01:07:01,660 --> 01:07:04,860 and listening to the cries of hyenas. 1070 01:07:07,260 --> 01:07:11,629 A search plane spotted the wreckage but failed to see 1071 01:07:11,630 --> 01:07:13,560 the survivors. 1072 01:07:15,660 --> 01:07:19,429 Word quickly spread around the world that the great writer 1073 01:07:19,430 --> 01:07:23,599 Ernest Hemingway was dead. 1074 01:07:23,600 --> 01:07:28,159 Meanwhile, Hemingway had flagged down a passing launch 1075 01:07:28,160 --> 01:07:31,059 and when they reached a landing on the eastern shore 1076 01:07:31,060 --> 01:07:34,859 of lake Albert, a policeman and a bush pilot offered to 1077 01:07:34,860 --> 01:07:38,899 fly them on to the Ugandan capital, Entebbe. 1078 01:07:38,900 --> 01:07:42,359 They climbed aboard. 1079 01:07:42,360 --> 01:07:45,959 But as the ancient plane rattled down the rutted runway, 1080 01:07:45,960 --> 01:07:48,899 the fuel tank exploded in fire. 1081 01:07:51,130 --> 01:07:54,459 The pilot helped Mary and the policeman get out through 1082 01:07:54,460 --> 01:07:55,999 the windows. 1083 01:07:56,000 --> 01:07:59,159 Hemingway was too big to follow them. 1084 01:07:59,160 --> 01:08:01,599 Twisted metal barred the door. 1085 01:08:01,600 --> 01:08:03,529 Flames were rising. 1086 01:08:03,530 --> 01:08:05,529 Hemingway was trapped. 1087 01:08:05,530 --> 01:08:09,699 He hurled his head against the door again and again until 1088 01:08:09,700 --> 01:08:11,430 he battered it open. 1089 01:08:14,200 --> 01:08:18,099 He insisted to newsmen gathered in Entebbe that he 1090 01:08:18,100 --> 01:08:19,829 had never felt better. 1091 01:08:19,830 --> 01:08:23,499 "My luck, she is still good," he said. 1092 01:08:23,500 --> 01:08:26,159 And he looked forward to reading all the premature 1093 01:08:26,160 --> 01:08:28,929 obituaries that had already been published 1094 01:08:28,930 --> 01:08:32,299 around the world. 1095 01:08:32,300 --> 01:08:35,759 Man, as Hemingway: In all obituaries, or almost all, 1096 01:08:35,760 --> 01:08:41,359 it was emphasized that I had sought death all my life. 1097 01:08:41,360 --> 01:08:45,629 Can one imagine that if a man sought death all of his life 1098 01:08:45,630 --> 01:08:49,800 he could not have found her before the age of 54? 1099 01:08:51,600 --> 01:08:57,059 Who else gets in two plane crashes in two days in Africa, 1100 01:08:57,060 --> 01:09:00,059 has the word go out all over the world that he's dead, 1101 01:09:00,060 --> 01:09:01,829 and reads his own obituaries? 1102 01:09:01,830 --> 01:09:03,599 No one does that. 1103 01:09:03,600 --> 01:09:05,499 Surviving two airplane crashes 1104 01:09:05,500 --> 01:09:08,599 in the interior of Africa, Ernest Hemingway and his pilot 1105 01:09:08,600 --> 01:09:10,929 Roy march returned to Nairobi in high fettle. 1106 01:09:10,930 --> 01:09:13,329 On the second crash, Hemingway suffered a bad bump 1107 01:09:13,330 --> 01:09:14,929 on the head. 1108 01:09:14,930 --> 01:09:16,999 Mrs. Hemingway, however, came through unscathed. 1109 01:09:21,430 --> 01:09:25,229 Despite Hemingway's bravado, doctors confirmed 1110 01:09:25,230 --> 01:09:27,459 that he had nearly died. 1111 01:09:27,460 --> 01:09:31,259 His skull was fractured and he had suffered still another 1112 01:09:31,260 --> 01:09:32,999 traumatic brain injury, 1113 01:09:33,000 --> 01:09:35,359 slurred speech, double-vision, 1114 01:09:35,360 --> 01:09:37,329 recurring deafness. 1115 01:09:37,330 --> 01:09:40,359 He had first-degree burns on his head, face, 1116 01:09:40,360 --> 01:09:41,699 and hand, too, 1117 01:09:41,700 --> 01:09:43,529 two fractured vertebrae, 1118 01:09:43,530 --> 01:09:45,359 internal injuries, 1119 01:09:45,360 --> 01:09:50,159 right shoulder and arm and left leg badly sprained. 1120 01:09:50,160 --> 01:09:53,999 He's never really quite the same again. 1121 01:09:54,000 --> 01:09:59,659 Depression, hallucinations, and then a kind of reprieve. 1122 01:09:59,660 --> 01:10:02,829 He's able to do more work. 1123 01:10:02,830 --> 01:10:09,459 He's traveling about, but we're at the beginning 1124 01:10:09,460 --> 01:10:12,729 of what is going to be the end. 1125 01:10:12,730 --> 01:10:16,829 He managed to dictate a 15,000-word account 1126 01:10:16,830 --> 01:10:20,129 of what had happened for "look" magazine, then traveled 1127 01:10:20,130 --> 01:10:24,259 with Mary to shimoni, a camp on the Kenya coast where he 1128 01:10:24,260 --> 01:10:27,399 had planned to fish with his son, Patrick. 1129 01:10:27,400 --> 01:10:29,729 But his pain proved too great. 1130 01:10:29,730 --> 01:10:32,759 Doctors warned him that he was risking his life by 1131 01:10:32,760 --> 01:10:34,599 continuing to drink. 1132 01:10:34,600 --> 01:10:37,999 And something else was wrong, as well. 1133 01:10:38,000 --> 01:10:41,159 "Due to the cerebral thing," he wrote to a friend. 1134 01:10:41,160 --> 01:10:45,029 "I say terrible things and hear myself say them. 1135 01:10:45,030 --> 01:10:47,499 It is no good." 1136 01:10:47,500 --> 01:10:51,799 Hemingway was fearful, short-tempered, impatient, 1137 01:10:51,800 --> 01:10:55,799 so abusive to Mary that she again threatened to leave him, 1138 01:10:55,800 --> 01:11:00,499 so vicious to his son that Patrick did leave. 1139 01:11:00,500 --> 01:11:06,199 The atmosphere at shimoni was bad. 1140 01:11:06,200 --> 01:11:10,199 I mean my dad really... 1141 01:11:10,200 --> 01:11:11,699 I don't know. 1142 01:11:11,700 --> 01:11:14,299 I mean, it was like king lear. 1143 01:11:14,300 --> 01:11:16,899 And he's just, "what is going on here?" 1144 01:11:16,900 --> 01:11:19,229 "Aren't I king?" You know. 1145 01:11:19,230 --> 01:11:22,529 I sympathized with his problems, 1146 01:11:22,530 --> 01:11:26,659 but you have to show some restraint. 1147 01:11:26,660 --> 01:11:34,159 The last few weeks in Africa, he just lost all restraint. 1148 01:11:34,160 --> 01:11:39,199 And for someone as powerful and as... 1149 01:11:39,200 --> 01:11:42,859 He... I really had enough. 1150 01:11:42,860 --> 01:11:44,800 And we never saw each other again. 1151 01:11:59,530 --> 01:12:01,959 The hemingways eventually made their way 1152 01:12:01,960 --> 01:12:05,259 home to Cuba. 1153 01:12:05,260 --> 01:12:10,359 It was there, on the evening of October 28, 1954, 1154 01:12:10,360 --> 01:12:13,229 that Ernest received a call from a reporter 1155 01:12:13,230 --> 01:12:16,199 for united press international. 1156 01:12:16,200 --> 01:12:20,459 Hemingway had won what he called "the Swedish thing"... 1157 01:12:20,460 --> 01:12:23,459 The nobel prize for literature. 1158 01:12:23,460 --> 01:12:26,629 His health would not permit him to attend the ceremony 1159 01:12:26,630 --> 01:12:30,199 in Stockholm or even travel to the Swedish embassy 1160 01:12:30,200 --> 01:12:33,759 in Washington to accept the prize, so the Swedish 1161 01:12:33,760 --> 01:12:37,199 ambassador came to him, in Cuba. 1162 01:12:37,200 --> 01:12:41,629 Privately, Hemingway believed, "no son of a bitch who ever 1163 01:12:41,630 --> 01:12:44,899 won the nobel prize ever wrote anything worth 1164 01:12:44,900 --> 01:12:47,999 reading afterwards." 1165 01:12:48,000 --> 01:12:49,829 Tell me, do you plan to go to Sweden to 1166 01:12:49,830 --> 01:12:51,759 receive the award? 1167 01:12:51,760 --> 01:12:57,159 I'm sorry that I will not be able to go to Sweden 1168 01:12:57,160 --> 01:13:01,699 on the orders of my doctor who says 1169 01:13:01,700 --> 01:13:04,729 I'm doing very well after... 1170 01:13:04,730 --> 01:13:06,999 He had always been terrified 1171 01:13:07,000 --> 01:13:10,259 of speaking in public, but he reluctantly agreed 1172 01:13:10,260 --> 01:13:14,429 to be interviewed by nbc, provided questions were 1173 01:13:14,430 --> 01:13:18,199 submitted in advance and he could read out his answers 1174 01:13:18,200 --> 01:13:20,329 from cue cards. Bad for me. 1175 01:13:20,330 --> 01:13:23,129 Do you have a name for your new novel? 1176 01:13:23,130 --> 01:13:26,759 I never have any names for anything that 1177 01:13:26,760 --> 01:13:31,199 I publish until it is time to publish it. 1178 01:13:31,200 --> 01:13:37,629 As I select a great many names and then reject those, 1179 01:13:37,630 --> 01:13:40,859 which are worthless. Period. 1180 01:13:40,860 --> 01:13:45,129 Most of them are worthless. Period. 1181 01:13:45,130 --> 01:13:47,829 Could you tell me a short description of what 1182 01:13:47,830 --> 01:13:50,199 your new novel is about? 1183 01:13:50,200 --> 01:13:56,529 Uh... the book that I am writing on at present is 1184 01:13:56,530 --> 01:13:58,200 about Africa... 1185 01:14:00,200 --> 01:14:07,099 Its people, in the park that I know them, 1186 01:14:07,100 --> 01:14:10,059 the animals, 1187 01:14:10,060 --> 01:14:17,029 comma, and the changes in Africa 1188 01:14:17,030 --> 01:14:20,960 since I was there last. Period. 1189 01:14:23,660 --> 01:14:26,999 Much later, he was persuaded to record his 1190 01:14:27,000 --> 01:14:29,999 acceptance speech off-camera. 1191 01:14:30,000 --> 01:14:33,259 When he was given the nobel prize, and he couldn't 1192 01:14:33,260 --> 01:14:36,929 go up 'cause of illness, it was so strange. 1193 01:14:36,930 --> 01:14:39,699 What he wrote, it's so perfect. 1194 01:14:39,700 --> 01:14:41,800 It's like a prayer. 1195 01:14:44,300 --> 01:14:47,099 No writer who knows the great writers 1196 01:14:47,100 --> 01:14:50,599 who did not receive the prize can accept it other than 1197 01:14:50,600 --> 01:14:52,629 with humility. 1198 01:14:52,630 --> 01:14:56,559 Writing, at its best, is a lonely life. 1199 01:14:56,560 --> 01:15:00,359 Organizations for writers palliate the writer's 1200 01:15:00,360 --> 01:15:04,829 loneliness but I doubt if they improve his writing. 1201 01:15:04,830 --> 01:15:09,629 He grows in public stature as he sheds his loneliness, 1202 01:15:09,630 --> 01:15:12,060 and often his work deteriorates. 1203 01:15:14,300 --> 01:15:18,329 For he does his work alone and if he is a good enough writer, 1204 01:15:18,330 --> 01:15:26,299 he must face eternity, or the lack of it, each day. 1205 01:15:26,300 --> 01:15:30,599 It is because we have had such great writers in the past that 1206 01:15:30,600 --> 01:15:34,759 a writer is driven far out past where he can go, out to 1207 01:15:34,760 --> 01:15:37,659 where no one can help him. 1208 01:15:37,660 --> 01:15:40,659 I have spoken too long for a writer. 1209 01:15:40,660 --> 01:15:44,659 A writer should write what he has to say and not speak it. 1210 01:15:44,660 --> 01:15:47,130 Again, I thank you. 1211 01:15:50,830 --> 01:15:53,959 Requests for interviews now poured in. 1212 01:15:53,960 --> 01:15:57,129 Magazines featured him on their covers. 1213 01:15:57,130 --> 01:16:01,199 Hollywood rushed to make a remake of "a farewell to arms," 1214 01:16:01,200 --> 01:16:04,529 a movie of "the sun also rises" and another 1215 01:16:04,530 --> 01:16:07,759 of "the old man and the sea." 1216 01:16:07,760 --> 01:16:11,059 Biographers and movie stars and autograph-seekers 1217 01:16:11,060 --> 01:16:13,059 flocked to see him. 1218 01:16:13,060 --> 01:16:16,799 He complained that sightseers were turning up at the finca, 1219 01:16:16,800 --> 01:16:19,229 clamoring for a glimpse of what he called 1220 01:16:19,230 --> 01:16:23,159 "the old elephant in the zoo." 1221 01:16:23,160 --> 01:16:28,699 He was told again and again to stop drinking. 1222 01:16:28,700 --> 01:16:31,799 The thing I know about alcoholism, from personal experience, 1223 01:16:31,800 --> 01:16:34,699 is that it's progressive and it's fatal. 1224 01:16:34,700 --> 01:16:36,399 And that means that it gets worse and worse, 1225 01:16:36,400 --> 01:16:39,029 and then you die. 1226 01:16:39,030 --> 01:16:41,829 You either kill yourself, you get put in jail, or you go to 1227 01:16:41,830 --> 01:16:43,959 the loony bin, but that's it. 1228 01:16:43,960 --> 01:16:49,659 Those are your 3 choices, or you get sober. 1229 01:16:49,660 --> 01:16:52,829 When you have head injury, your mind is... 1230 01:16:52,830 --> 01:16:55,229 And your body... are less well-equipped to tolerate 1231 01:16:55,230 --> 01:16:57,229 the effects of alcohol. 1232 01:16:57,230 --> 01:17:01,629 It magnifies the disinhibition and the problematic behaviors, 1233 01:17:01,630 --> 01:17:04,929 but you just tolerate it less well. 1234 01:17:04,930 --> 01:17:08,999 Doctors prescribed a bewildering array of drugs to 1235 01:17:09,000 --> 01:17:12,559 combat high blood pressure, lower cholesterol, 1236 01:17:12,560 --> 01:17:17,899 calm anxiety, encourage sleep, lift his spirits. 1237 01:17:17,900 --> 01:17:22,399 Friends offered him unauthorized prescription drugs, as well. 1238 01:17:22,400 --> 01:17:26,059 Their interactions with one another and with alcohol 1239 01:17:26,060 --> 01:17:29,899 likely exacerbated his depression and delusions 1240 01:17:29,900 --> 01:17:32,229 and paranoia. 1241 01:17:32,230 --> 01:17:35,759 He's self-medicating with pretty much anything he 1242 01:17:35,760 --> 01:17:38,529 can lay hands on. 1243 01:17:38,530 --> 01:17:42,059 He's using synthetic testosterone, which is 1244 01:17:42,060 --> 01:17:44,759 a street drug in Spanish cultures 'cause he's 1245 01:17:44,760 --> 01:17:47,459 struggling with impotence because of all the ways he's 1246 01:17:47,460 --> 01:17:48,959 abused his body. 1247 01:17:48,960 --> 01:17:51,599 He's bouncing from doctor to doctor. 1248 01:17:51,600 --> 01:17:53,129 There's not a doctor he didn't see 1249 01:17:53,130 --> 01:17:55,059 who wouldn't give him something. 1250 01:17:55,060 --> 01:17:56,659 It's bad. You know, people say 1251 01:17:56,660 --> 01:17:58,629 that the people in this world that get 1252 01:17:58,630 --> 01:18:01,359 the worst medical care are either the very poor 1253 01:18:01,360 --> 01:18:04,359 or celebrities because celebrities can have whatever 1254 01:18:04,360 --> 01:18:06,999 they ask the doctor for and the doctor won't say "no" 1255 01:18:07,000 --> 01:18:12,229 or discipline them, so he's in big trouble. 1256 01:18:12,230 --> 01:18:14,699 It doesn't sound like the doctor said, "look, 1257 01:18:14,700 --> 01:18:16,799 you seem to be manic," 1258 01:18:16,800 --> 01:18:18,199 or "look, you seem to be" 1259 01:18:18,200 --> 01:18:20,559 "really a little crazy now. 1260 01:18:20,560 --> 01:18:22,659 I'm gonna give you this to help with it." 1261 01:18:22,660 --> 01:18:24,829 Nobody says anything. 1262 01:18:24,830 --> 01:18:27,999 There's a huge taboo so that a husband and wife don't even 1263 01:18:28,000 --> 01:18:29,699 talk about it. 1264 01:18:29,700 --> 01:18:32,059 There's so much stigma attached to it that 1265 01:18:32,060 --> 01:18:34,829 nobody gets help for him. 1266 01:18:36,630 --> 01:18:38,559 Meanwhile, revolutionaries, 1267 01:18:38,560 --> 01:18:40,359 led by fidel Castro, 1268 01:18:40,360 --> 01:18:43,229 were waging war against the Cuban dictator 1269 01:18:43,230 --> 01:18:45,699 fulgencio Batista. 1270 01:18:45,700 --> 01:18:49,199 A government patrol came onto Hemingway's property searching 1271 01:18:49,200 --> 01:18:54,199 for rebels and bludgeoned to death one of the family dogs. 1272 01:18:54,200 --> 01:18:58,199 Through it all, Hemingway continued to write, but now 1273 01:18:58,200 --> 01:19:00,559 seemed unable to complete anything. 1274 01:19:00,560 --> 01:19:04,759 A novel about sailing off bimini, that after his death would 1275 01:19:04,760 --> 01:19:07,499 become "islands in the stream;" 1276 01:19:07,500 --> 01:19:09,429 800 pages of a book 1277 01:19:09,430 --> 01:19:13,559 inspired by his second African safari, parts of which would 1278 01:19:13,560 --> 01:19:17,329 one day be published as "true at first light;" 1279 01:19:17,330 --> 01:19:21,929 and 42 chapters of "the garden of Eden", a novel he himself 1280 01:19:21,930 --> 01:19:25,099 thought too sexually adventurous to be published 1281 01:19:25,100 --> 01:19:27,859 during his lifetime. 1282 01:19:27,860 --> 01:19:31,429 The fact that Hemingway once again, 1283 01:19:31,430 --> 01:19:37,259 the artist, is really pushing out, is experimenting, 1284 01:19:37,260 --> 01:19:41,399 is doing things that some people would find shocking 1285 01:19:41,400 --> 01:19:45,399 about Ernest Hemingway... The fetish about hair, 1286 01:19:45,400 --> 01:19:49,429 the "you be me, I'll be you," the switching of roles. 1287 01:19:49,430 --> 01:19:54,129 And he's not hiding himself very much in it. 1288 01:19:54,130 --> 01:19:57,959 I think this is really quite something for a man who has 1289 01:19:57,960 --> 01:20:00,429 been trying to maintain a certain persona 1290 01:20:00,430 --> 01:20:03,929 for the majority of his life. 1291 01:20:03,930 --> 01:20:07,529 Maybe he wasn't trying to maintain it, you know. 1292 01:20:07,530 --> 01:20:09,929 Here we go with the enigma again. 1293 01:20:09,930 --> 01:20:14,399 Where are we and what's happening and where are you, Ernest? 1294 01:20:14,400 --> 01:20:15,929 Where are you with all of this? 1295 01:20:15,930 --> 01:20:17,830 What's going on? 1296 01:20:22,260 --> 01:20:25,099 Man, as Hemingway: I sat in a corner with the afternoon 1297 01:20:25,100 --> 01:20:28,099 light coming in over my shoulder and wrote 1298 01:20:28,100 --> 01:20:30,099 in the notebook. 1299 01:20:30,100 --> 01:20:34,259 The waiter brought me a cafe creme, and I drank half of it 1300 01:20:34,260 --> 01:20:38,629 when it cooled and left it on the table while I wrote. 1301 01:20:38,630 --> 01:20:41,859 When I stopped writing, I did not want to leave the river 1302 01:20:41,860 --> 01:20:46,799 where I could see the trout in the pool, its surface pushing 1303 01:20:46,800 --> 01:20:49,129 and swelling smooth against the resistance of the 1304 01:20:49,130 --> 01:20:53,259 log-driven piles of the bridge, 1305 01:20:53,260 --> 01:20:57,099 but in the morning the river would be there. 1306 01:20:57,100 --> 01:21:00,759 All I must do now is stay sound and good in my head 1307 01:21:00,760 --> 01:21:03,460 until morning when I would start to work again. 1308 01:21:05,130 --> 01:21:08,399 In those days, we never thought that any of that could 1309 01:21:08,400 --> 01:21:09,930 be difficult. 1310 01:21:11,300 --> 01:21:15,259 In early 1957, he returned to yet another 1311 01:21:15,260 --> 01:21:18,759 project, a series of loving sketches of Paris 1312 01:21:18,760 --> 01:21:22,659 in the 1920s, when he was young and everything still 1313 01:21:22,660 --> 01:21:24,829 seemed possible. 1314 01:21:24,830 --> 01:21:28,729 In it, he also settled scores with old friends... 1315 01:21:28,730 --> 01:21:32,159 Scores that didn't seem to need settling... 1316 01:21:32,160 --> 01:21:36,429 Attacking gertrude Stein, ridiculing Scott Fitzgerald, 1317 01:21:36,430 --> 01:21:41,229 both of whom had helped him, each of them long dead. 1318 01:21:41,230 --> 01:21:46,259 Hemingway was the hero of his book, his first wife Hadley, 1319 01:21:46,260 --> 01:21:48,459 the unblemished heroine, 1320 01:21:48,460 --> 01:21:50,829 pauline pfeiffer, his second wife, 1321 01:21:50,830 --> 01:21:53,899 the woman who came between them. 1322 01:21:53,900 --> 01:21:58,999 Hemingway would never complete the manuscript, but, edited by Mary, 1323 01:21:59,000 --> 01:22:02,529 it would be published after his death. 1324 01:22:02,530 --> 01:22:07,029 For many readers, "a moveable feast," a combination of what 1325 01:22:07,030 --> 01:22:10,699 had really happened and what Hemingway wished had happened, 1326 01:22:10,700 --> 01:22:13,360 would be his final masterpiece. 1327 01:22:15,100 --> 01:22:18,499 Man, as Hemingway: Paris was a very old city and we were young 1328 01:22:18,500 --> 01:22:22,099 and nothing was simple there, not even poverty, 1329 01:22:22,100 --> 01:22:26,759 nor sudden money, nor the moonlight, nor right 1330 01:22:26,760 --> 01:22:29,859 and wrong, nor the breathing of someone who lay beside you 1331 01:22:29,860 --> 01:22:31,730 in the moonlight. 1332 01:22:39,160 --> 01:22:42,829 In the spring of 1959, the hemingways traveled 1333 01:22:42,830 --> 01:22:46,829 back to his beloved Spain and settled into the opulent 1334 01:22:46,830 --> 01:22:50,159 hacienda of a wealthy celebrity-loving American 1335 01:22:50,160 --> 01:22:52,929 on the costa del sol. 1336 01:22:52,930 --> 01:22:56,659 The two finest matadors in Spain were to compete against 1337 01:22:56,660 --> 01:23:00,999 one another in bullrings all across the country. 1338 01:23:01,000 --> 01:23:05,229 Hemingway hoped they would provide material for a revised 1339 01:23:05,230 --> 01:23:09,599 edition of "death in the afternoon," but when the 1340 01:23:09,600 --> 01:23:13,199 editors of "life" got wind of his trip, they asked him to 1341 01:23:13,200 --> 01:23:15,660 write a stand-alone piece. 1342 01:23:20,300 --> 01:23:26,429 Valencia, granada, Bilbao, 1343 01:23:26,430 --> 01:23:29,529 linares, cordoba... 1344 01:23:29,530 --> 01:23:34,559 The bullfights went on and on, with Hemingway and a cavalcade 1345 01:23:34,560 --> 01:23:37,929 of hard-drinking friends and hangers-on following 1346 01:23:37,930 --> 01:23:40,029 in their wake. 1347 01:23:40,030 --> 01:23:43,729 Everywhere he went, the author of "the sun also rises" 1348 01:23:43,730 --> 01:23:49,029 was treated as something like a patron Saint, 1349 01:23:49,030 --> 01:23:52,429 but the frenzied season exhausted him. 1350 01:23:52,430 --> 01:23:55,899 After the bullfights had ended, a friend remembered, 1351 01:23:55,900 --> 01:23:59,199 he seemed like "an old man, world-weary, 1352 01:23:59,200 --> 01:24:02,599 his eyes half-closed." 1353 01:24:02,600 --> 01:24:05,499 When he finally got back to Cuba and tried to write 1354 01:24:05,500 --> 01:24:09,329 about his experiences, his old-time discipline seemed 1355 01:24:09,330 --> 01:24:11,829 to have deserted him. 1356 01:24:11,830 --> 01:24:14,899 "Life" had asked for 40,000 words. 1357 01:24:14,900 --> 01:24:20,129 He produced 120,000 and then had to ask a friend 1358 01:24:20,130 --> 01:24:21,700 to do the cutting. 1359 01:24:23,030 --> 01:24:27,499 Ernest Hemingway, who had once been his own most unforgiving 1360 01:24:27,500 --> 01:24:32,159 editor, no longer seemed able to separate what mattered 1361 01:24:32,160 --> 01:24:35,360 in his writing from what did not. 1362 01:24:40,200 --> 01:24:43,399 Havana, bearing 26th of July banners, 1363 01:24:43,400 --> 01:24:46,499 joyous followers of fidel Castro sweep triumphantly 1364 01:24:46,500 --> 01:24:49,359 through the Cuban capital hours after their rebellion 1365 01:24:49,360 --> 01:24:52,499 had toppled the regime of fulgencio Batista. 1366 01:24:52,500 --> 01:24:56,229 Hemingway sympathized with Castro's revolution. 1367 01:24:56,230 --> 01:24:59,229 It reminded him of the loyalist cause he had 1368 01:24:59,230 --> 01:25:01,099 supported in Spain. 1369 01:25:01,100 --> 01:25:03,629 That brought Batista to power. 1370 01:25:03,630 --> 01:25:06,229 Still, before leaving for Spain, 1371 01:25:06,230 --> 01:25:09,229 he and Mary had bought a house in ketchum, Idaho, 1372 01:25:09,230 --> 01:25:13,929 where Ernest had hunted and fished for years. 1373 01:25:13,930 --> 01:25:17,759 It was meant as a fall-back in case it became difficult to 1374 01:25:17,760 --> 01:25:21,259 return to Cuba. 1375 01:25:21,260 --> 01:25:25,229 Man, as Hemingway: I am a good American and have been to bat 1376 01:25:25,230 --> 01:25:28,099 for my country as often as most, without pay 1377 01:25:28,100 --> 01:25:30,099 and without ambition. 1378 01:25:30,100 --> 01:25:33,229 But I believe completely in the historical necessity 1379 01:25:33,230 --> 01:25:35,359 of the Cuban revolution. 1380 01:25:35,360 --> 01:25:40,729 I do not mix in Cuban politics. I keep my mouth shut about it 1381 01:25:40,730 --> 01:25:45,329 and have not given an interview to an American newspaper man. 1382 01:25:45,330 --> 01:25:47,329 There is nothing I can say that 1383 01:25:47,330 --> 01:25:50,760 would not be misinterpreted or twisted. 1384 01:25:52,700 --> 01:25:56,759 One evening in January 1960, the hemingways 1385 01:25:56,760 --> 01:25:59,329 dined with friends in ketchum. 1386 01:25:59,330 --> 01:26:02,499 From their dining table, Hemingway saw that the lights 1387 01:26:02,500 --> 01:26:05,159 in the bank downtown were on. 1388 01:26:05,160 --> 01:26:07,329 He became agitated. 1389 01:26:07,330 --> 01:26:09,929 "They're checking our accounts," he said. 1390 01:26:09,930 --> 01:26:13,629 They tried to reassure him it was just the cleaning ladies. 1391 01:26:13,630 --> 01:26:16,529 "No," he said. "They're trying to catch us. 1392 01:26:16,530 --> 01:26:18,999 They want to get something on us." 1393 01:26:19,000 --> 01:26:21,799 "Who's 'they?'" Mary asked. 1394 01:26:21,800 --> 01:26:24,759 "The FBI," he replied. 1395 01:26:24,760 --> 01:26:29,359 Mary had never seen him so fearful. 1396 01:26:29,360 --> 01:26:33,359 He develops depression that's so extreme, 1397 01:26:33,360 --> 01:26:34,959 I don't think it's something 1398 01:26:34,960 --> 01:26:38,629 that most people see in their lifetime. 1399 01:26:38,630 --> 01:26:40,799 His father had it, too. 1400 01:26:40,800 --> 01:26:45,529 And I think it's a kind of psychotic depression. 1401 01:26:45,530 --> 01:26:48,859 He began again to speak of killing himself, 1402 01:26:48,860 --> 01:26:52,529 but refused to go to a psychiatric hospital. 1403 01:26:52,530 --> 01:26:56,959 He wanted it hidden. He wouldn't go to any kind 1404 01:26:56,960 --> 01:26:59,299 of psychiatric place, which would have been 1405 01:26:59,300 --> 01:27:00,829 a better place. 1406 01:27:00,830 --> 01:27:02,829 He went to the Mayo clinic. 1407 01:27:02,830 --> 01:27:05,099 The story went out that he was there getting treated 1408 01:27:05,100 --> 01:27:06,899 for high blood pressure. 1409 01:27:06,900 --> 01:27:09,929 Well, he might have believed that, even, you know? 1410 01:27:09,930 --> 01:27:12,629 To some extent, Mary might have believed it. 1411 01:27:12,630 --> 01:27:15,859 But he was being treated for mental illness and nobody was 1412 01:27:15,860 --> 01:27:17,760 admitting it. 1413 01:27:19,700 --> 01:27:22,629 He registered under an assumed name because, 1414 01:27:22,630 --> 01:27:25,729 he said, he didn't want the world to think "I was losing 1415 01:27:25,730 --> 01:27:28,129 my marbles." 1416 01:27:28,130 --> 01:27:31,699 But soon, he had a sign hung on his door saying, 1417 01:27:31,700 --> 01:27:35,959 "former writer. Do not disturb." 1418 01:27:35,960 --> 01:27:37,899 It's got to be distracting to have 1419 01:27:37,900 --> 01:27:39,829 the celebrity patient. 1420 01:27:39,830 --> 01:27:42,829 I think that's why the boundaries got blurred, why he 1421 01:27:42,830 --> 01:27:44,899 was allowed to drink wine in the hospital at Mayo, 1422 01:27:44,900 --> 01:27:47,999 why he was allowed over to the homes of the doctors 1423 01:27:48,000 --> 01:27:50,699 for dinner, or to go shooting with the doctors... 1424 01:27:50,700 --> 01:27:53,699 Things that would be completely off-limits now 1425 01:27:53,700 --> 01:27:56,859 and a real violation of boundaries. 1426 01:27:56,860 --> 01:27:59,959 Hemingway's doctors repeatedly administered the 1427 01:27:59,960 --> 01:28:02,699 standard treatment for severe depression... 1428 01:28:02,700 --> 01:28:06,729 Electro-shock therapy, ect. 1429 01:28:06,730 --> 01:28:08,759 You could see the impulse to treat him 1430 01:28:08,760 --> 01:28:12,099 with shock therapy, which is a great therapy if all you have 1431 01:28:12,100 --> 01:28:15,099 is major depression with psychotic features. 1432 01:28:15,100 --> 01:28:17,999 Certainly, he had depression. Certainly, he had psychosis. 1433 01:28:18,000 --> 01:28:20,059 But they were just manifestations 1434 01:28:20,060 --> 01:28:22,599 of a larger illness. 1435 01:28:22,600 --> 01:28:26,959 Hemingway had also survived several concussions, 1436 01:28:26,960 --> 01:28:30,329 which may have permanently injured his brain, altering 1437 01:28:30,330 --> 01:28:34,099 his personality and corrupting his reasoning. 1438 01:28:34,100 --> 01:28:38,259 His mind was already muddled by decades of drinking too much 1439 01:28:38,260 --> 01:28:41,459 and by a jumble of medications meant to combat 1440 01:28:41,460 --> 01:28:44,759 all the damage alcohol had done to both his body 1441 01:28:44,760 --> 01:28:47,099 and his mind. 1442 01:28:47,100 --> 01:28:50,559 He had entertained thoughts of suicide since at least his 1443 01:28:50,560 --> 01:28:55,229 late teens, long before his father took his own life. 1444 01:28:55,230 --> 01:28:58,829 But Hemingway could still summon enough of his old charm 1445 01:28:58,830 --> 01:29:02,799 to reassure his doctors that after just 6 weeks 1446 01:29:02,800 --> 01:29:07,629 in the hospital his paranoia and delusions had abated, 1447 01:29:07,630 --> 01:29:10,560 that his depression had lifted. 1448 01:29:11,900 --> 01:29:17,129 In January of 1961, he was released from the hospital 1449 01:29:17,130 --> 01:29:20,429 and returned to ketchum. 1450 01:29:20,430 --> 01:29:23,859 He went to his writing table each morning, ordering 1451 01:29:23,860 --> 01:29:26,329 and reordering the chapters that would become 1452 01:29:26,330 --> 01:29:28,259 "a moveable feast." 1453 01:29:28,260 --> 01:29:31,799 In the afternoons, he would take a long walk and wave 1454 01:29:31,800 --> 01:29:35,959 at local children on their way home from school. 1455 01:29:35,960 --> 01:29:40,159 But the clouds soon closed in again. 1456 01:29:40,160 --> 01:29:43,829 A common side-effect of electroshock therapy was loss 1457 01:29:43,830 --> 01:29:46,329 of short-term memory. 1458 01:29:46,330 --> 01:29:49,659 The doctors had assured him it was only temporary. 1459 01:29:49,660 --> 01:29:52,299 He did not believe them. 1460 01:29:52,300 --> 01:29:55,129 Writing was what he was born to do, 1461 01:29:55,130 --> 01:29:58,199 and he had hoped one day to do more of it, 1462 01:29:58,200 --> 01:30:01,530 but he no longer believed he ever would. 1463 01:30:02,960 --> 01:30:04,799 Man, as Hemingway: When he finally gave up writing 1464 01:30:04,800 --> 01:30:07,559 that day, it was afternoon. 1465 01:30:07,560 --> 01:30:10,659 He had started a sentence as soon as he had gone into his 1466 01:30:10,660 --> 01:30:14,229 working room and had completed it but he could write 1467 01:30:14,230 --> 01:30:16,659 nothing after it. 1468 01:30:16,660 --> 01:30:21,399 He crossed it out and started another sentence and again 1469 01:30:21,400 --> 01:30:24,030 came to the complete blankness. 1470 01:30:25,600 --> 01:30:28,499 It was impossible for him to put down the next 1471 01:30:28,500 --> 01:30:30,599 sentence on paper. 1472 01:30:30,600 --> 01:30:34,199 At the end of two hours it was the same. 1473 01:30:34,200 --> 01:30:37,199 He could not write more than a single sentence, 1474 01:30:37,200 --> 01:30:41,059 and the sentences themselves were increasingly simple 1475 01:30:41,060 --> 01:30:44,059 and completely dull. 1476 01:30:44,060 --> 01:30:48,159 He kept at it for 4 hours before he knew that resolution 1477 01:30:48,160 --> 01:30:52,429 as powerless against what had happened. 1478 01:30:52,430 --> 01:30:58,259 He had been so ground down that he lacked that... 1479 01:30:58,260 --> 01:31:02,429 Just the strength, the psychic strength. 1480 01:31:02,430 --> 01:31:07,099 He describes in the bullring the bull's journey of knowledge. 1481 01:31:07,100 --> 01:31:10,559 Initially, they go for the cape. 1482 01:31:10,560 --> 01:31:13,299 And then, by the end of the bullfight, they've lost 1483 01:31:13,300 --> 01:31:19,229 so much blood they can't lift their head to charge. 1484 01:31:19,230 --> 01:31:22,799 And I was thinking about him as this tragic figure. 1485 01:31:22,800 --> 01:31:26,399 He must have felt very cornered. 1486 01:31:26,400 --> 01:31:29,559 In late February, he was asked to write a line 1487 01:31:29,560 --> 01:31:33,629 or two of tribute to the new president, John F. Kennedy. 1488 01:31:33,630 --> 01:31:37,299 It took him a week to produce 4 lines. 1489 01:31:37,300 --> 01:31:40,759 When his doctor came to take his blood pressure, he found 1490 01:31:40,760 --> 01:31:44,359 Hemingway weeping with frustration. 1491 01:31:44,360 --> 01:31:47,629 In march, he telephoned his first wife, Hadley. 1492 01:31:47,630 --> 01:31:51,729 They had not seen one another for 22 years. 1493 01:31:51,730 --> 01:31:54,029 There was nothing disturbing in what he said, 1494 01:31:54,030 --> 01:31:55,859 she remembered. 1495 01:31:55,860 --> 01:31:58,099 He asked if she could remember the name of someone 1496 01:31:58,100 --> 01:32:01,929 they'd known in Paris and she couldn't recall it. 1497 01:32:01,930 --> 01:32:05,599 But his voice seemed so sad, so weary, 1498 01:32:05,600 --> 01:32:09,800 that when they hung up, she found herself in tears. 1499 01:32:12,960 --> 01:32:18,459 In April of 1961, the CIA sponsored an invasion of Cuba 1500 01:32:18,460 --> 01:32:21,559 at the bay of pigs, in an attempt to overthrow 1501 01:32:21,560 --> 01:32:25,299 the revolutionary government of fidel Castro. 1502 01:32:25,300 --> 01:32:29,099 It failed, ending any possibility of normal 1503 01:32:29,100 --> 01:32:33,359 relations between the United States and Cuba. 1504 01:32:33,360 --> 01:32:37,699 The bay of pigs is really the coup de grace, isn't it? 1505 01:32:37,700 --> 01:32:41,759 There is now no illusion, if there was any in the beginning, 1506 01:32:41,760 --> 01:32:45,599 about "maybe this will blow over and I can get back there." 1507 01:32:45,600 --> 01:32:47,159 That's now done. 1508 01:32:47,160 --> 01:32:48,660 That's now done. 1509 01:32:50,000 --> 01:32:52,129 It is clear that the forces 1510 01:32:52,130 --> 01:32:55,699 of communism are not to be underestimated in Cuba. 1511 01:32:55,700 --> 01:32:58,499 He had lost his home, 1512 01:32:58,500 --> 01:33:01,029 he had lost everything in that home... 1513 01:33:01,030 --> 01:33:04,359 Will not accept Mr. Castro's attempts to blame this nation... 1514 01:33:04,360 --> 01:33:07,099 He lost his books... 1515 01:33:07,100 --> 01:33:09,859 He lost his art, 1516 01:33:09,860 --> 01:33:12,329 he lost his pets, 1517 01:33:12,330 --> 01:33:14,259 he lost his community... 1518 01:33:14,260 --> 01:33:15,559 Lesson for us all... 1519 01:33:15,560 --> 01:33:17,329 He lost his boat "Pilar," 1520 01:33:17,330 --> 01:33:20,729 he lost the lifestyle where he could go fishing. 1521 01:33:20,730 --> 01:33:23,499 He lost everything that he had, 1522 01:33:23,500 --> 01:33:27,729 and he knew in that moment that he could not go back, 1523 01:33:27,730 --> 01:33:31,329 that that was done. 1524 01:33:31,330 --> 01:33:36,600 And he was marooned in this very spare little block house in Idaho. 1525 01:33:38,230 --> 01:33:41,629 On April 21st, Mary found Ernest 1526 01:33:41,630 --> 01:33:45,859 in the vestibule holding a shotgun. 1527 01:33:45,860 --> 01:33:50,199 Two shells were within reach on the window-sill. 1528 01:33:50,200 --> 01:33:53,959 She managed to talk him down, telling him how much he meant 1529 01:33:53,960 --> 01:33:57,859 to her and his boys, how brave he'd been during the war, 1530 01:33:57,860 --> 01:34:01,759 how much they both wanted to go back again to Africa. 1531 01:34:01,760 --> 01:34:05,129 She insisted he return to the Mayo clinic. 1532 01:34:05,130 --> 01:34:08,399 When the private plane she had arranged to take him there 1533 01:34:08,400 --> 01:34:12,429 stopped to refuel in rapid city, he tried to walk into 1534 01:34:12,430 --> 01:34:15,199 a spinning propeller. 1535 01:34:15,200 --> 01:34:20,459 This time, he was given a room in the locked ward. 1536 01:34:20,460 --> 01:34:24,759 He underwent a second series of electro-shock treatments. 1537 01:34:24,760 --> 01:34:28,260 His memory deteriorated further. 1538 01:34:29,560 --> 01:34:31,899 One of the last conversations that I had 1539 01:34:31,900 --> 01:34:36,559 with Ernest, I had a rented Chevy and got permission that 1540 01:34:36,560 --> 01:34:38,659 he could leave the hospital. 1541 01:34:38,660 --> 01:34:41,729 And we drove to a little place that was a sort of a little 1542 01:34:41,730 --> 01:34:43,559 park-like place. 1543 01:34:43,560 --> 01:34:46,129 He got out so there was no question that there was 1544 01:34:46,130 --> 01:34:47,760 anything bugged. 1545 01:34:50,560 --> 01:34:54,229 And I was trying to... To be positive. 1546 01:34:54,230 --> 01:34:58,759 And I said, "listen, soon as you finish up here, why don't we 1547 01:34:58,760 --> 01:35:01,299 go fish down there?" 1548 01:35:01,300 --> 01:35:02,859 And he turned on me. 1549 01:35:02,860 --> 01:35:06,129 He said, "you don't seem to understand." 1550 01:35:06,130 --> 01:35:11,359 He said, "what have I got to be hanging around for?" 1551 01:35:11,360 --> 01:35:13,529 In late June, 1552 01:35:13,530 --> 01:35:16,959 Mary got a phone call from the Mayo clinic. 1553 01:35:16,960 --> 01:35:19,799 The doctor told her he had good news. 1554 01:35:19,800 --> 01:35:22,799 Ernest was ready to go home. 1555 01:35:22,800 --> 01:35:25,829 When she arrived, her husband was already dressed 1556 01:35:25,830 --> 01:35:28,059 in his street clothes, she remembered, 1557 01:35:28,060 --> 01:35:31,099 "grinning like a cheshire cat." 1558 01:35:31,100 --> 01:35:33,159 Mary was not convinced, 1559 01:35:33,160 --> 01:35:35,529 but she did not put up a fight. 1560 01:35:35,530 --> 01:35:40,429 An old friend drove them back to ketchum. 1561 01:35:40,430 --> 01:35:45,299 Hemingway's paranoia quickly manifested itself again. 1562 01:35:45,300 --> 01:35:49,359 On Saturday evening, July 1st, the hemingways and a friend 1563 01:35:49,360 --> 01:35:51,499 drove into town for dinner. 1564 01:35:51,500 --> 01:35:55,159 Ernest was sure two strangers sitting at the bar were 1565 01:35:55,160 --> 01:35:56,829 federal agents. 1566 01:35:56,830 --> 01:35:59,230 Mary couldn't convince him otherwise. 1567 01:36:00,930 --> 01:36:03,929 But when he went to his bedroom that evening 1568 01:36:03,930 --> 01:36:07,429 and called out to her, "good night, my kitten," 1569 01:36:07,430 --> 01:36:09,759 "his voice was warm and friendly," 1570 01:36:09,760 --> 01:36:11,699 she remembered. 1571 01:36:11,700 --> 01:36:15,159 Mary had left the keys to the basement cabinet where his 1572 01:36:15,160 --> 01:36:18,999 guns were kept out in the open in the kitchen, just as 1573 01:36:19,000 --> 01:36:21,029 they had always been. 1574 01:36:21,030 --> 01:36:24,159 She considered hiding them, she later recalled, 1575 01:36:24,160 --> 01:36:27,599 but "decided that no one had a right to deny a man 1576 01:36:27,600 --> 01:36:29,300 his possessions." 1577 01:36:31,400 --> 01:36:37,559 At about 7:00 the next morning, Sunday, July 2, 1961, 1578 01:36:37,560 --> 01:36:42,459 Mary was awakened by a loud bang. 1579 01:36:42,460 --> 01:36:46,529 Hemingway, still wearing his bathrobe and slippers, 1580 01:36:46,530 --> 01:36:50,299 had slipped down to the basement, retrieved a shotgun 1581 01:36:50,300 --> 01:36:54,729 and two shells, and climbed back up to the vestibule. 1582 01:36:54,730 --> 01:36:58,359 There, he had bent over, placed the twin barrels 1583 01:36:58,360 --> 01:37:03,259 against his forehead and pulled the trigger. 1584 01:37:03,260 --> 01:37:06,460 He was 61 years old. 1585 01:37:08,360 --> 01:37:09,929 Good evening. 1586 01:37:09,930 --> 01:37:13,099 The novelist Ernest Hemingway is dead. 1587 01:37:13,100 --> 01:37:16,129 The reports from his home in ketchum, Idaho are sparse 1588 01:37:16,130 --> 01:37:18,829 and not very clear, but we know that he killed himself, 1589 01:37:18,830 --> 01:37:22,499 the sheriff says accidentally, with a 12-Gauge shotgun. 1590 01:37:22,500 --> 01:37:26,029 Hemingway only last week was discharged from the Mayo clinic 1591 01:37:26,030 --> 01:37:28,299 in Rochester, Minnesota, where he had been treated 1592 01:37:28,300 --> 01:37:30,259 for high blood pressure. 1593 01:37:30,260 --> 01:37:32,929 This morning, the nobel prize-winning novelist was alone 1594 01:37:32,930 --> 01:37:35,399 in his room, preparing to go hunting, when the fatal 1595 01:37:35,400 --> 01:37:37,100 accident occurred. 1596 01:37:38,400 --> 01:37:41,629 He was a literary man who probably had more influence 1597 01:37:41,630 --> 01:37:44,429 on the style of the writing of novels than any other writer 1598 01:37:44,430 --> 01:37:46,299 in the 20th century. 1599 01:37:46,300 --> 01:37:49,599 That was partly because of the way he wrote, the terse, 1600 01:37:49,600 --> 01:37:54,259 often flat and sardonic style, almost painfully masculine. 1601 01:37:54,260 --> 01:37:57,659 He was less an individual than a character, less a person 1602 01:37:57,660 --> 01:37:59,459 than an institution. 1603 01:37:59,460 --> 01:38:02,059 He worshipped virility and a small religion grew up 1604 01:38:02,060 --> 01:38:03,899 about him. 1605 01:38:03,900 --> 01:38:07,459 Hemingway's place in literature, I think cannot now be fixed. 1606 01:38:07,460 --> 01:38:10,199 We don't know which of his books will live. 1607 01:38:10,200 --> 01:38:13,559 We suspect that "a farewell to arms," the tenderest and most 1608 01:38:13,560 --> 01:38:15,329 moving of them will live. 1609 01:38:15,330 --> 01:38:18,029 We believe that some of his short stories will, 1610 01:38:18,030 --> 01:38:20,629 particularly "the snows of Kilimanjaro" 1611 01:38:20,630 --> 01:38:24,799 and "the short happy life of Francis macomber." 1612 01:38:24,800 --> 01:38:28,229 He was, nevertheless, an intensely American writer. 1613 01:38:28,230 --> 01:38:31,499 His own contribution was very large, and not only to 1614 01:38:31,500 --> 01:38:34,359 American letters, but to the excitement and color 1615 01:38:34,360 --> 01:38:36,859 of the last 4 decades. 1616 01:38:36,860 --> 01:38:40,329 Edwin Newman. Good evening. 1617 01:38:40,330 --> 01:38:43,599 Mccain: I was pained and grieved, 1618 01:38:43,600 --> 01:38:48,529 but, you know, I think there are times when... 1619 01:38:48,530 --> 01:38:50,899 I don't agree with it... But it's understandable 1620 01:38:50,900 --> 01:38:52,199 why he decided 1621 01:38:52,200 --> 01:38:54,259 to end his life when he had... 1622 01:38:54,260 --> 01:38:56,729 His talent had left him. 1623 01:38:56,730 --> 01:39:00,459 We sometimes talk about people and we idolize them and we 1624 01:39:00,460 --> 01:39:03,329 give them every virtue and no vice. 1625 01:39:03,330 --> 01:39:06,059 He had lots of vices. He had lots of vices. 1626 01:39:06,060 --> 01:39:08,829 He was a human being. 1627 01:39:08,830 --> 01:39:13,399 And that, my friend, erases a whole lot of other 1628 01:39:13,400 --> 01:39:16,630 what may be failings in life. 1629 01:39:19,660 --> 01:39:24,429 He keeps speaking to us because his writing was 1630 01:39:24,430 --> 01:39:30,299 basically human with all that we are... 1631 01:39:30,300 --> 01:39:34,229 The dark, the light, the passionate, the petty, 1632 01:39:34,230 --> 01:39:40,699 the ugly, the beautiful, the kind, the cruel. 1633 01:39:40,700 --> 01:39:45,359 I... I... just... he just was writing about human behavior 1634 01:39:45,360 --> 01:39:47,229 and human beings. 1635 01:39:47,230 --> 01:39:52,699 And I think he was able to do it because he so loved the world. 1636 01:39:52,700 --> 01:39:54,459 "What a shame it's going to be 1637 01:39:54,460 --> 01:39:58,459 "to have to leave it," he said. 1638 01:39:58,460 --> 01:40:00,099 He has immortality, 1639 01:40:00,100 --> 01:40:03,359 and he deserves it. 1640 01:40:03,360 --> 01:40:07,760 Not many writers get that, and he deserves it. 1641 01:40:09,430 --> 01:40:12,529 Man, as Hemingway: And then instead of going on to arusha, 1642 01:40:12,530 --> 01:40:14,429 they turned left. 1643 01:40:14,430 --> 01:40:17,859 He evidently figured that they had the gas. 1644 01:40:17,860 --> 01:40:21,359 And looking down, he saw a pink sifting cloud moving over 1645 01:40:21,360 --> 01:40:24,699 the ground, and in the air, like the first snow 1646 01:40:24,700 --> 01:40:27,959 in a blizzard, that comes from nowhere, and he knew 1647 01:40:27,960 --> 01:40:30,729 the locusts were coming up from the south. 1648 01:40:30,730 --> 01:40:32,529 Then they began to climb, 1649 01:40:32,530 --> 01:40:35,199 and they were going to the east, it seemed, 1650 01:40:35,200 --> 01:40:38,359 and then it darkened and they were in a storm, 1651 01:40:38,360 --> 01:40:41,729 the rain so thick it seemed like flying through a waterfall. 1652 01:40:43,500 --> 01:40:45,959 And then they were out and compie turned his head 1653 01:40:45,960 --> 01:40:51,459 and grinned and pointed and there ahead, all he could see, 1654 01:40:51,460 --> 01:40:56,899 as wide as all the world, great, high, and unbelievably 1655 01:40:56,900 --> 01:41:03,129 white in the sun, was the square top of Kilimanjaro. 1656 01:41:03,130 --> 01:41:08,529 And then he knew that there was where he was going. 1657 01:41:08,530 --> 01:41:10,629 Ernest Hemingway. 1658 01:42:20,030 --> 01:42:21,799 Stay tuned for a special preview 1659 01:42:21,800 --> 01:42:23,930 of the next film from Ken burns: Muhammad Ali. 1660 01:42:25,300 --> 01:42:27,159 Dive deeper into this film 1661 01:42:27,160 --> 01:42:29,299 by visiting pbs. Org/hemingway 1662 01:42:29,300 --> 01:42:31,429 and the pbs video app. 1663 01:42:31,430 --> 01:42:35,559 Join the conversation with hashtag #hemingwaypbs. 1664 01:42:35,560 --> 01:42:38,559 To order "Hemingway" on DVD or blu-ray 1665 01:42:38,560 --> 01:42:40,599 or the book "the Hemingway stories," 1666 01:42:40,600 --> 01:42:44,999 visit shop pbs or call 1-800-play-pbs. 1667 01:42:45,000 --> 01:42:47,229 The cd is also available. 1668 01:42:47,230 --> 01:42:50,729 "Hemingway" is also available with pbs passport 1669 01:42:50,730 --> 01:42:54,130 and on Amazon prime video. 1670 01:43:58,860 --> 01:44:00,599 Major funding for "Hemingway" 1671 01:44:00,600 --> 01:44:03,299 was provided by the better angels society 1672 01:44:03,300 --> 01:44:05,059 and by its members: 1673 01:44:05,060 --> 01:44:07,529 The Elizabeth Ruth Wallace living trust, 1674 01:44:07,530 --> 01:44:09,459 John and Leslie mcquown, 1675 01:44:09,460 --> 01:44:11,159 John and Catherine debs, 1676 01:44:11,160 --> 01:44:13,899 the fullerton family charitable trust, 1677 01:44:13,900 --> 01:44:16,899 kissick family foundation, Gail elden, 1678 01:44:16,900 --> 01:44:18,499 gilchrist and Amy berg, 1679 01:44:18,500 --> 01:44:20,099 Robert and Beverly grappone, 1680 01:44:20,100 --> 01:44:22,559 and mauree Jane and Mark Perry. 1681 01:44:22,560 --> 01:44:26,959 Additional funding was provided by the annenberg foundation, 1682 01:44:26,960 --> 01:44:29,529 the Arthur vining Davis foundations, 1683 01:44:29,530 --> 01:44:32,059 the corporation for public broadcasting, 1684 01:44:32,060 --> 01:44:35,329 and by contributions to your pbs station 1685 01:44:35,330 --> 01:44:37,399 from viewers like you. 1686 01:44:37,400 --> 01:44:39,930 Thank you. 139311

Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.