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Major funding for "Hemingway"
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00:00:03,600 --> 00:00:06,299
was provided by
the better angels society
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00:00:06,300 --> 00:00:08,059
and by its members:
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The Elizabeth Ruth Wallace
living trust,
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John and Leslie mcquown,
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00:00:12,460 --> 00:00:14,159
John and Catherine debs,
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the fullerton family charitable trust,
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00:00:16,900 --> 00:00:19,899
kissick family foundation, Gail elden,
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00:00:19,900 --> 00:00:21,499
gilchrist and Amy berg,
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00:00:21,500 --> 00:00:23,099
Robert and Beverly grappone,
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and mauree Jane and Mark Perry.
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00:00:25,560 --> 00:00:29,959
Additional funding was provided
by the annenberg foundation,
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00:00:29,960 --> 00:00:32,529
the Arthur vining Davis foundations,
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00:00:32,530 --> 00:00:35,059
the corporation
for public broadcasting,
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and by contributions to your
pbs station
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from viewers like you.
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Thank you.
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Man, as Hemingway: When he
awoke, he knew he had been
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out of his head in the night,
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and after eating his breakfast,
he unloaded his pistol
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and placed the loaded
magazine in one drawer
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and the pistol in another.
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After this, he commenced writing.
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At nights now he was
on the boat, mostly,
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although on some nights
he was in upper Michigan,
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where he had lived as a boy.
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This was the first time when he
had been really awake in the night
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and still unable to leave the dream.
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He knew he had been out of his mind,
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00:01:35,500 --> 00:01:39,899
but he did not care as long as
he could write in the daytime.
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Whatever happened to him now
he considered of no importance
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00:01:46,160 --> 00:01:49,199
as long as he could write.
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He wrote well that day.
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On may 17, 1944, Ernest
Hemingway arrived in London,
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assigned by "Collier's"
magazine to cover
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00:02:19,260 --> 00:02:24,829
the allied invasion of France,
now less than 3 weeks away.
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00:02:24,830 --> 00:02:29,929
He was 44 years old but seemed
much older and felt that
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the luck that had kept him alive
through two wars would likely
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00:02:33,700 --> 00:02:37,029
not continue through another
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and blamed his third wife,
Martha gellhorn,
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00:02:40,800 --> 00:02:42,629
for forcing him to come.
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Gellhorn was still at sea,
on her way to england
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00:02:45,760 --> 00:02:48,659
to cover the conflict.
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00:02:48,660 --> 00:02:51,729
Once Hemingway settled
into his second-floor room
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00:02:51,730 --> 00:02:55,859
at the Dorchester hotel in the
fashionable Mayfair district,
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he found himself the center of
attention and high-spirited
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00:02:59,430 --> 00:03:01,459
good times.
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Fellow correspondents, raf
pilots, and operatives enlisted
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00:03:05,960 --> 00:03:10,799
in the clandestine U.S. office
of special services... the oss...
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00:03:10,800 --> 00:03:14,429
All gravitated towards him.
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One day at lunch, he stopped
by the table of the playwright
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irwin Shaw and asked to be
introduced to his companion,
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a 36-year-old correspondent
for "time" and "life" named
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Mary Welsh.
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Her second husband,
an Australian reporter,
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was out of the country,
and in wartime London she was
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being pursued simultaneously by
Shaw and a number of other men.
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Hemingway joined the pack.
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One night, returning by car
from a party through the
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00:03:48,660 --> 00:03:52,429
blacked-out London streets,
Hemingway's driver failed to
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see a water tank and crashed into it.
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Hemingway's knees were injured.
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His head smashed through
the windshield, causing
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another concussion.
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00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:07,059
"His skull was split wide open," his
friend Robert capa remembered,
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00:04:07,060 --> 00:04:10,259
"and his beard was
full of blood."
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00:04:10,260 --> 00:04:13,559
When Martha gellhorn finally
arrived in London and came to
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00:04:13,560 --> 00:04:17,029
see him in the hospital,
she burst into laughter
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00:04:17,030 --> 00:04:20,499
at the sight of him holding
court and drinking whisky
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in his room, his head
swathed in bandages.
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00:04:25,060 --> 00:04:28,399
She was sure nothing
serious could be wrong.
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00:04:28,400 --> 00:04:31,199
"He did not look the least
ill," she remembered.
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00:04:31,200 --> 00:04:34,999
This was no way to behave
when the world was at war.
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00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:40,099
"We're through," she said,
and stormed out of the room.
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He wrote to his son Patrick.
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Man, as Hemingway:
"When head was all smashed
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"and terrible headaches, et cetera,
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"she would not do anything for a man
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"that we would do for a dog.
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"I made a very great mistake on her,
or else she changed very much.
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00:04:58,030 --> 00:05:03,029
"I think probably both,
but mostly the latter.
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"I hate to lose anyone who
can look so lovely and who
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00:05:06,100 --> 00:05:09,129
"we taught to shoot and write so well,
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00:05:09,130 --> 00:05:12,829
"but have torn up my tickets on
her and would be glad to
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00:05:12,830 --> 00:05:15,329
never see her again."
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00:05:15,330 --> 00:05:18,759
He just... he couldn't deal
with the fact that she left him.
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00:05:18,760 --> 00:05:22,729
Hemingway really,
uh, never got over her.
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00:05:22,730 --> 00:05:27,029
He retained his anger at
her for the rest of his life.
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00:05:27,030 --> 00:05:30,029
Mary Welsh, who arrived at the hospital
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00:05:30,030 --> 00:05:33,699
with a bouquet of tulips
and daffodils, proved far
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00:05:33,700 --> 00:05:35,629
more sympathetic.
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In fact, Hemingway's injury
was much more serious than it
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seemed at first...
A subdural hematoma,
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00:05:42,660 --> 00:05:45,799
bleeding between
the brain and the skull.
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00:05:45,800 --> 00:05:49,129
As a result of it, for
11 months, during all
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the fighting he would cover
in Europe, he would suffer from
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blurred vision, ringing in his
ears, and constantly recurring
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headaches, and would have
trouble recalling words
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and writing legibly.
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00:06:02,530 --> 00:06:06,199
Nonetheless, Hemingway was
released from the hospital
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00:06:06,200 --> 00:06:11,999
after just 4 days and continued
his pursuit of Mary Welsh.
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"I don't know you, Mary.
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But I want to marry you,"
he told her, before boarding
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the troop carrier that
would ferry him across
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00:06:20,130 --> 00:06:23,059
the English channel on d-day.
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00:06:23,060 --> 00:06:28,499
"I want to marry you now, and
I hope to marry you sometime.
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Sometime, you may
want to marry me."
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Man, as Hemingway: As we moved in
toward land in the gray early light,
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the 36-foot coffin-shaped
steel boats took
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00:06:53,400 --> 00:06:57,029
solid-green sheets of water
that fell on the helmeted heads
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00:06:57,030 --> 00:07:00,029
of the troops
packed shoulder to shoulder
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00:07:00,030 --> 00:07:04,159
in the stiff, awkward,
uncomfortable, lonely
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00:07:04,160 --> 00:07:07,729
companionship of men going to battle.
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Fire!
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Despite his throbbing
head and battered knees,
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00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:20,029
Hemingway climbed down a rope
ladder into a landing craft
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wallowing off the left
flank of Omaha beach,
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00:07:23,430 --> 00:07:28,199
where 34,000 soldiers
were about to land...
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00:07:30,060 --> 00:07:33,899
But no war correspondents
were permitted to go ashore.
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00:07:33,900 --> 00:07:38,529
He had to stay aboard the landing
craft and watch from the boat
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00:07:38,530 --> 00:07:43,959
as men waded through the surf
under deadly German fire.
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Man, as Hemingway: On the
beach on the left where there
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00:07:46,200 --> 00:07:49,599
was no sheltering overhang
of shingled bank, the first,
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00:07:49,600 --> 00:07:55,059
second, third, fourth, and
fifth waves lay where they
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00:07:55,060 --> 00:07:59,559
had fallen, looking like so
many heavily laden bundles
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00:07:59,560 --> 00:08:02,599
on the flat pebbly stretch
between the sea
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00:08:02,600 --> 00:08:04,129
and the first cover.
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00:08:06,230 --> 00:08:10,630
1,000 allied troops would die that day.
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00:08:13,160 --> 00:08:18,329
By evening, Hemingway was
back in his London hotel room.
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00:08:18,330 --> 00:08:21,359
He was not pleased to learn
that Martha gellhorn would
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00:08:21,360 --> 00:08:23,759
manage to do what he had not...
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00:08:23,760 --> 00:08:26,999
Get onto Omaha beach.
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She slipped aboard a hospital
ship, then locked herself
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00:08:31,060 --> 00:08:34,899
in a bathroom and went ashore
with the ambulance teams,
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00:08:34,900 --> 00:08:38,159
helping bring back the wounded.
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00:08:38,160 --> 00:08:42,759
She handed in her piece
before he did and had seen
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00:08:42,760 --> 00:08:47,159
and experienced far more of
the carnage than he had.
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00:08:47,160 --> 00:08:50,259
But when the next issue
of "Collier's" appeared,
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only his name was on the cover.
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In the weeks after d-day,
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00:08:56,900 --> 00:09:01,559
Hemingway accompanied raf
pilots on bombing missions,
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00:09:01,560 --> 00:09:04,799
but despite the enemy flak
through which he flew,
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00:09:04,800 --> 00:09:10,129
he felt too far from what was
happening on the ground in France.
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00:09:10,130 --> 00:09:12,999
Hemingway got himself assigned briefly
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00:09:13,000 --> 00:09:15,929
to general George patton's third army,
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but he disliked its showy commander
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00:09:18,600 --> 00:09:22,259
and had little interest
in tank warfare.
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00:09:22,260 --> 00:09:27,359
Then he managed to liberate a
German motorcycle with a sidecar,
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00:09:27,360 --> 00:09:29,829
and traveling
along an unsecured road...
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00:09:29,830 --> 00:09:34,099
Was fired upon by a
German antitank gun.
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00:09:34,100 --> 00:09:36,859
The explosion hurled him into a ditch,
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where his head hit a rock
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00:09:38,760 --> 00:09:41,929
and he suffered yet another concussion.
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Enemy troops were so close,
he could hear them talking.
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He had to stay hidden till
dark for fear of capture.
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00:09:51,660 --> 00:09:55,629
He eventually found a home
with the 22nd regiment
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00:09:55,630 --> 00:09:59,399
of the 4th infantry division...
The "double deuces"...
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Commanded by colonel Charles
"buck" lanham, who would
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00:10:03,030 --> 00:10:06,129
become his lifelong friend.
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00:10:06,130 --> 00:10:09,359
Lanham remembered his
first sight of Hemingway
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watching the street fighting
in a Norman village.
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00:10:12,800 --> 00:10:16,859
"Ernest was standing poised as
always on the balls of his feet,
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"like a fighter, like a great cat...
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00:10:19,660 --> 00:10:24,359
"Easy, relaxed,
absorbed, intent, watchful.
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00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:26,729
Missing nothing."
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00:10:26,730 --> 00:10:30,499
When townspeople mistook
Hemingway for an officer
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00:10:30,500 --> 00:10:34,029
and told him three ss men
were hiding in a cellar,
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00:10:34,030 --> 00:10:36,159
he shouted down a warning,
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00:10:36,160 --> 00:10:39,329
then tumbled 3 grenades
down the stairs.
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00:10:43,500 --> 00:10:46,229
Grateful villagers rewarded
him with two magnums
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00:10:46,230 --> 00:10:48,729
of champagne.
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00:10:48,730 --> 00:10:51,999
For a time, he and a
constantly changing cast
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of correspondents occupied
a hotel at mont St. Michel,
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00:10:56,500 --> 00:10:59,659
driving out to watch
the war during the day
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00:10:59,660 --> 00:11:02,899
and drinking and dining
together in the evening...
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00:11:02,900 --> 00:11:05,759
Charles collingwood of CBS radio,
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00:11:05,760 --> 00:11:07,929
the "new yorker's"
a.J. Liebling,
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00:11:07,930 --> 00:11:11,260
and the movie director
John Ford among them.
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00:11:15,230 --> 00:11:18,429
The Geneva convention
barred correspondents from
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00:11:18,430 --> 00:11:20,330
becoming combatants.
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00:11:22,460 --> 00:11:26,229
Hemingway paid little
attention to the rules.
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00:11:26,230 --> 00:11:29,599
With private "red" pelkey
at the wheel, he traveled
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00:11:29,600 --> 00:11:32,729
everywhere in a Jeep
filled with maps, rifles,
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00:11:32,730 --> 00:11:34,459
and grenades.
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00:11:34,460 --> 00:11:37,459
Some reporters admired him for it.
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00:11:37,460 --> 00:11:39,759
Others couldn't stand him.
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00:11:39,760 --> 00:11:42,999
"He was only a reporter
same as us," one said,
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00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:47,559
"but he thought
he was the second coming."
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00:11:47,560 --> 00:11:52,399
In late August 1944,
as American forces moved
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00:11:52,400 --> 00:11:56,459
toward Paris, Hemingway ran
into colonel David Bruce,
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00:11:56,460 --> 00:11:59,899
an old friend now serving in the oss,
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00:11:59,900 --> 00:12:04,599
and somehow persuaded Bruce to
let him take command of a band
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00:12:04,600 --> 00:12:07,699
of free French resistance
fighters in the village
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00:12:07,700 --> 00:12:11,699
of rambouillet, which controlled
one of the two main roads
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00:12:11,700 --> 00:12:13,329
leading to Paris.
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00:12:15,300 --> 00:12:19,629
On August 24th, Hemingway joined
the French army as it began
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00:12:19,630 --> 00:12:22,229
its triumphal march into the capital,
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00:12:22,230 --> 00:12:25,399
armed with the intelligence he, Bruce,
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00:12:25,400 --> 00:12:29,459
and their irregulars had gleaned
about German defenses.
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00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:38,199
At his first glimpse of Paris,
Hemingway remembered, "I had"
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00:12:38,200 --> 00:12:41,699
"a funny choke in my throat
and had to clean my glasses
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00:12:41,700 --> 00:12:46,329
"because there, now below us,
gray and always beautiful,
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00:12:46,330 --> 00:12:50,860
was spread the city I love
best in all the world."
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00:12:53,530 --> 00:12:56,599
We were liberated by Ernest Hemingway.
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00:12:56,600 --> 00:13:00,399
Ernest Hemingway was the first
American that we saw, that we
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00:13:00,400 --> 00:13:02,229
knew who arrived in Paris.
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00:13:02,230 --> 00:13:06,229
He arrived with the first
ones with general leclerc.
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00:13:06,230 --> 00:13:10,029
I heard a noise out in the
street in the rue de l'odeon
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00:13:10,030 --> 00:13:13,429
and looked out the window
and I saw a string of jeeps
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00:13:13,430 --> 00:13:17,529
with these men in them and
then I heard people calling
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00:13:17,530 --> 00:13:20,529
and calling, "Sylvia, Sylvia,"
and I heard this big voice
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00:13:20,530 --> 00:13:25,599
saying, "Sylvia, Sylvia,"
and it was Ernest Hemingway
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00:13:25,600 --> 00:13:29,899
and his men, and I rushed down
the stairs and he picked me up,
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00:13:29,900 --> 00:13:32,059
you know, and swung me around
and swung me around.
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00:13:33,600 --> 00:13:35,359
But there were still pockets
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00:13:35,360 --> 00:13:37,299
of German resistance.
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00:13:41,930 --> 00:13:44,699
Then he said,
"what can I do for you?"
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00:13:44,700 --> 00:13:47,699
And we said, "oh, liberate us!
Liberate us!"
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00:13:47,700 --> 00:13:52,359
Because these... the enemy were
still firing from the roofs
220
00:13:52,360 --> 00:13:55,459
and the resistance was firing
also from the roofs, and this
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00:13:55,460 --> 00:13:58,229
shooting was going on all
the time, day and night.
222
00:13:58,230 --> 00:14:00,059
So, Ernest Hemingway
said, "oh, yes."
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00:14:00,060 --> 00:14:01,759
And so he brought his men up,
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00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:03,799
and they all went
up on the roof and we heard
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00:14:03,800 --> 00:14:06,999
great deal of shooting going
on for a few minutes and then
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00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:08,499
the shooting stopped forever.
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00:14:08,500 --> 00:14:10,729
We had no more shooting after that.
228
00:14:10,730 --> 00:14:13,329
Then we asked Ernest Hemingway
if he wouldn't stay and have
229
00:14:13,330 --> 00:14:16,159
something with us, some
drink and he said, "oh, no.
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00:14:16,160 --> 00:14:19,360
I have to liberate the
cellar of the ritz."
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00:14:20,800 --> 00:14:23,999
Hemingway, colonel
Bruce, and their outfit headed
232
00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:27,599
for the ritz, which had been
Hemingway's favorite hotel
233
00:14:27,600 --> 00:14:29,599
before the war.
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00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:33,959
There, they were greeted by the
bartender with 50 martinis,
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00:14:33,960 --> 00:14:38,499
followed by what Bruce
remembered as "a splendid dinner."
236
00:14:38,500 --> 00:14:42,799
As soon as she could,
Mary Welsh arrived from London
237
00:14:42,800 --> 00:14:45,999
and moved into his room in the ritz.
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00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:48,859
Hemingway wrote his son
Patrick that he had a new
239
00:14:48,860 --> 00:14:53,129
companion now, a "fine girl,"
who had looked after him,
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00:14:53,130 --> 00:14:57,459
"in worst time ever had.
Think you would like her."
241
00:14:57,460 --> 00:15:01,229
He took her around Paris to
see the places he and his
242
00:15:01,230 --> 00:15:05,659
first wife, Hadley, had loved,
told her that no matter how
243
00:15:05,660 --> 00:15:09,359
many men had loved her
he loved her more, and talked
244
00:15:09,360 --> 00:15:12,329
about the new family he
hoped to start with her.
245
00:15:12,330 --> 00:15:14,129
He had 3 sons, he said,
246
00:15:14,130 --> 00:15:17,829
and badly wanted a daughter, too.
247
00:15:17,830 --> 00:15:21,359
Mary was less certain of
their future together.
248
00:15:21,360 --> 00:15:23,299
Ernest was so ardent
249
00:15:23,300 --> 00:15:26,959
and insisted on such complete
devotion, she remembered,
250
00:15:26,960 --> 00:15:29,529
that she sometimes felt overwhelmed.
251
00:15:29,530 --> 00:15:33,699
He could be gentle and kind,
but he was also unpredictable
252
00:15:33,700 --> 00:15:35,659
and easily angered.
253
00:15:35,660 --> 00:15:37,599
And he drank too much.
254
00:15:37,600 --> 00:15:40,199
When she complained that
he and his drunken friends
255
00:15:40,200 --> 00:15:43,929
from the 22nd regiment
were making too much noise,
256
00:15:43,930 --> 00:15:47,099
he slapped her,
then apologized and swore it
257
00:15:47,100 --> 00:15:49,359
would never happen again.
258
00:15:49,360 --> 00:15:53,929
But another evening, he placed a
photograph of her absent husband
259
00:15:53,930 --> 00:15:56,699
in the toilet bowl
and shot it to pieces
260
00:15:56,700 --> 00:15:59,859
with a machine pistol,
shattering the porcelain
261
00:15:59,860 --> 00:16:02,759
and flooding the floors below.
262
00:16:02,760 --> 00:16:05,859
Mary agreed only to try living with him
263
00:16:05,860 --> 00:16:08,429
when the war was over.
264
00:16:08,430 --> 00:16:10,229
He always had to have a wife.
265
00:16:10,230 --> 00:16:12,129
He hated to be alone.
266
00:16:12,130 --> 00:16:15,759
And that Mary wasn't sure,
that she really wanted him to
267
00:16:15,760 --> 00:16:18,229
stop drinking before she would commit.
268
00:16:18,230 --> 00:16:20,699
She called it "over-drinking."
269
00:16:20,700 --> 00:16:24,199
One day that Autumn,
a staff sergeant who had
270
00:16:24,200 --> 00:16:27,229
written some short stories
knocked on the door
271
00:16:27,230 --> 00:16:29,399
of Hemingway's hotel room.
272
00:16:29,400 --> 00:16:33,629
He'd never met Hemingway and
didn't know how he'd be received,
273
00:16:33,630 --> 00:16:36,599
but he was ushered in
and given a drink.
274
00:16:36,600 --> 00:16:40,399
Hemingway had seen one of his
published stories, asked to
275
00:16:40,400 --> 00:16:45,429
see another, liked it, and
wrote him a letter saying so.
276
00:16:45,430 --> 00:16:49,829
Afterwards, the young man told
a friend how thrilled he'd been.
277
00:16:49,830 --> 00:16:54,829
Hemingway was a "good guy" he said,
modest about his own eminence,
278
00:16:54,830 --> 00:16:57,959
and surprisingly
"soft" despite the hardness
279
00:16:57,960 --> 00:17:00,899
of his celebrated style.
280
00:17:00,900 --> 00:17:04,859
Jerome David salinger would
never forget Hemingway's
281
00:17:04,860 --> 00:17:07,560
kindness and generosity.
282
00:17:11,960 --> 00:17:15,659
In late fall, Hemingway
rejoined buck lanham's
283
00:17:15,660 --> 00:17:19,359
22nd regiment as it moved
toward the fiercely defended
284
00:17:19,360 --> 00:17:21,599
German border.
285
00:17:21,600 --> 00:17:25,599
One evening, he, lanham, and
10 others were having dinner
286
00:17:25,600 --> 00:17:30,029
together in a farmhouse when
an .88 shell smashed through
287
00:17:30,030 --> 00:17:33,359
one wall and out the
other without exploding.
288
00:17:33,360 --> 00:17:37,129
The men rushed to the cellar,
fearful another round was
289
00:17:37,130 --> 00:17:39,359
headed their way.
290
00:17:39,360 --> 00:17:42,160
Hemingway continued eating.
291
00:17:44,460 --> 00:17:49,299
In mid-November, the 22nd
entered the hurtgen forest.
292
00:17:49,300 --> 00:17:53,629
The battle for this dense,
70-square-mile evergreen woods,
293
00:17:53,630 --> 00:17:57,299
south of the German city
of aachen, had been going on
294
00:17:57,300 --> 00:17:59,159
for 2 months.
295
00:17:59,160 --> 00:18:04,359
It was a frightful place to
fight... trees 100 feet tall
296
00:18:04,360 --> 00:18:08,399
and only a handful of roads,
heavily mined and meticulously
297
00:18:08,400 --> 00:18:10,859
targeted by enemy gunners...
298
00:18:10,860 --> 00:18:13,029
And German shells that exploded
299
00:18:13,030 --> 00:18:17,229
among the treetops, sending
shrapnel and shards of wood
300
00:18:17,230 --> 00:18:18,559
into the men huddled below.
301
00:18:18,560 --> 00:18:20,559
Take cover!
302
00:18:20,560 --> 00:18:24,059
Man, as Hemingway: The woods
were close-planted fir trees,
303
00:18:24,060 --> 00:18:26,759
and the shell-bursts
tore and smashed them,
304
00:18:26,760 --> 00:18:29,929
and the splinters from the
tree bursts were like javelins
305
00:18:29,930 --> 00:18:34,359
in the half-light of the forest,
and the men were shouting
306
00:18:34,360 --> 00:18:36,859
and calling now to take
the curse off the darkness
307
00:18:36,860 --> 00:18:41,129
of the forest and
shooting and killing krauts
308
00:18:41,130 --> 00:18:43,560
and moving ahead now.
309
00:18:45,460 --> 00:18:49,929
American losses were staggering.
310
00:18:49,930 --> 00:18:54,029
Lanham's regiment was assigned
to capture a single village
311
00:18:54,030 --> 00:18:57,229
and 6,000 yards of forest.
312
00:18:57,230 --> 00:19:02,730
In doing so, they would lose 2,733 men.
313
00:19:04,660 --> 00:19:09,099
During one especially savage
firefight, lanham remembered,
314
00:19:09,100 --> 00:19:13,629
"men were firing and advancing
and dropping and firing.
315
00:19:13,630 --> 00:19:17,299
"Then I saw Ernest. He was
moving with the moving wave,
316
00:19:17,300 --> 00:19:19,929
"but I never saw him hit the ground.
317
00:19:19,930 --> 00:19:23,959
"And this time there was no
question at all," lanham said,
318
00:19:23,960 --> 00:19:27,860
"that he was armed
and using those arms."
319
00:19:30,230 --> 00:19:34,829
Hemingway had witnessed
several wars firsthand,
320
00:19:34,830 --> 00:19:37,429
but this was the first
in which he acted
321
00:19:37,430 --> 00:19:40,829
as a full-fledged combat soldier.
322
00:19:40,830 --> 00:19:46,799
Firing a machine gun alongside
the troops exhilarated him.
323
00:19:46,800 --> 00:19:50,629
That night, he wrote Mary
that the dread he'd felt
324
00:19:50,630 --> 00:19:55,259
at returning to the battlefield
had suddenly lifted.
325
00:19:55,260 --> 00:19:57,459
Man, as Hemingway: "You know
how I was spooked of the battle"
326
00:19:57,460 --> 00:19:59,359
"before it started.
327
00:19:59,360 --> 00:20:00,929
"But then about yesterday
328
00:20:00,930 --> 00:20:03,629
"and the day before, just like a gift,
329
00:20:03,630 --> 00:20:09,099
"I got the old feeling of immortality
back I used to have when I was 19,
330
00:20:09,100 --> 00:20:12,329
"right in the middle
of a really bad shelling,
331
00:20:12,330 --> 00:20:15,059
"not the cagey assessment of chances,
332
00:20:15,060 --> 00:20:17,799
"nor the angry,
the hell-with-it feeling,
333
00:20:17,800 --> 00:20:20,929
"nor the throw-everything-
away feeling.
334
00:20:20,930 --> 00:20:24,330
Just the pure old thing
we used to operate on."
335
00:20:26,930 --> 00:20:29,299
But he had had enough.
336
00:20:29,300 --> 00:20:32,630
He left the war and went home to Cuba.
337
00:20:34,730 --> 00:20:39,429
The sights he'd seen in the
hurtgen forest... a dog tearing
338
00:20:39,430 --> 00:20:41,799
at a charred German corpse,
339
00:20:41,800 --> 00:20:45,959
a gi's body flattened by
tanks and other vehicles...
340
00:20:45,960 --> 00:20:49,560
Would haunt his dreams
for the rest of his life.
341
00:21:04,330 --> 00:21:09,229
Man, as Hemingway:
"April 2, 1945. Dear buck.
342
00:21:09,230 --> 00:21:13,329
"It is a hell of a thing
going away from the 22nd.
343
00:21:13,330 --> 00:21:16,329
"It probably sounds wet,
but I was and am
344
00:21:16,330 --> 00:21:18,799
"absolutely homesick for the regiment,
345
00:21:18,800 --> 00:21:21,999
"and I miss you very badly, buck.
346
00:21:22,000 --> 00:21:24,959
"I don't give a damn about writing.
347
00:21:24,960 --> 00:21:28,329
"Will have to get over that.
I guess I will.
348
00:21:28,330 --> 00:21:31,899
"Have gotten over everything else.
349
00:21:31,900 --> 00:21:35,199
"Certainly have the black ass today.
350
00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:38,629
"I miss Mary so much, it makes me sick.
351
00:21:38,630 --> 00:21:41,729
"Always before, we had our
double deuce problems and some
352
00:21:41,730 --> 00:21:44,899
"sort of fight going on when
I was away from her and I had
353
00:21:44,900 --> 00:21:46,960
your companionship."
354
00:21:48,700 --> 00:21:53,029
In the spring of
1945, waiting for Mary Welsh
355
00:21:53,030 --> 00:21:55,929
to join him at the finca,
his home in the hills
356
00:21:55,930 --> 00:22:00,299
overlooking Havana, Ernest
Hemingway feared he would
357
00:22:00,300 --> 00:22:03,329
never be able to write again.
358
00:22:03,330 --> 00:22:05,299
When he came home from the war,
359
00:22:05,300 --> 00:22:11,129
I think he had just lots and
lots of trauma and he had seen
360
00:22:11,130 --> 00:22:15,559
so many things that
he could not UN-see.
361
00:22:15,560 --> 00:22:22,559
And then, he's an alcoholic.
So what do alcoholics do when
362
00:22:22,560 --> 00:22:25,429
they have things in their
lives that they can't UN-see
363
00:22:25,430 --> 00:22:27,529
is they drink, and he writes
to buck lanham like,
364
00:22:27,530 --> 00:22:30,359
"I'm drinking to go to sleep at night."
365
00:22:30,360 --> 00:22:32,259
"I'm drinking when I wake up."
366
00:22:32,260 --> 00:22:35,529
"I got to stop drinking or
Mary won't come and marry me."
367
00:22:35,530 --> 00:22:39,599
But I mean, it's...
It's a disaster.
368
00:22:39,600 --> 00:22:41,699
The problem with
alcoholism, and I don't know
369
00:22:41,700 --> 00:22:43,299
why it works like this.
370
00:22:43,300 --> 00:22:47,259
It makes you a liar,
primarily to yourself.
371
00:22:47,260 --> 00:22:49,759
You're always lying to yourself.
372
00:22:49,760 --> 00:22:52,759
And you're trying all
these different methods
373
00:22:52,760 --> 00:22:54,599
to try to quit.
374
00:22:54,600 --> 00:22:55,999
You're only drinking beer.
You're only drinking wine.
375
00:22:56,000 --> 00:22:57,459
You're only drinking
after 5:00.
376
00:22:57,460 --> 00:22:59,629
You're only
drinking before 5:00.
377
00:22:59,630 --> 00:23:03,659
But with that masculinity,
with that stoicism,
378
00:23:03,660 --> 00:23:07,459
Hemingway was doomed, in a way.
379
00:23:10,560 --> 00:23:13,959
Mary eventually
arrived in Havana, having
380
00:23:13,960 --> 00:23:17,499
requested a year's sabbatical
from her job at "time."
381
00:23:17,500 --> 00:23:20,659
She was in love with Hemingway
but still unsure whether she
382
00:23:20,660 --> 00:23:22,829
should marry him.
383
00:23:22,830 --> 00:23:26,659
โช I can't give you anything
384
00:23:26,660 --> 00:23:32,959
โช but love, baby
385
00:23:32,960 --> 00:23:40,999
โช that's the only thing
I've plenty of, oh, baby โช
386
00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:43,129
Yeah, what am I supposed to do?
387
00:23:43,130 --> 00:23:46,759
โช Dream awhile,
scheme awhile โช
388
00:23:46,760 --> 00:23:48,229
You're wrong.
389
00:23:48,230 --> 00:23:50,659
โช You're sure to find
390
00:23:50,660 --> 00:23:52,859
that's what you
think. I'm sure to find.
391
00:23:52,860 --> 00:23:57,959
โช Happiness and I guess
392
00:23:57,960 --> 00:24:02,799
โช all those things
you're sure to pine for... โช
393
00:24:02,800 --> 00:24:05,799
He saw to it that
she had Spanish lessons so that
394
00:24:05,800 --> 00:24:09,599
she could run the finca, taught
her deep-sea fishing so that
395
00:24:09,600 --> 00:24:13,729
she could be his companion,
encouraged her to quit her job
396
00:24:13,730 --> 00:24:17,429
altogether so that she could
devote herself fully to him
397
00:24:17,430 --> 00:24:20,559
as his first and second wives had done
398
00:24:20,560 --> 00:24:24,899
and Martha gellhorn had not done.
399
00:24:24,900 --> 00:24:29,229
Hemingway wanted his wife to
be both "completely obedient"
400
00:24:29,230 --> 00:24:32,759
and sexually loose,"
she confided to her diary.
401
00:24:32,760 --> 00:24:36,159
She enjoyed the sexual part,
cut her hair short
402
00:24:36,160 --> 00:24:39,659
and bleached it platinum
because it excited him,
403
00:24:39,660 --> 00:24:42,329
and sometimes pretended
that she was a boy
404
00:24:42,330 --> 00:24:44,499
and he was a girl.
405
00:24:44,500 --> 00:24:48,159
He dyed his hair, too.
406
00:24:48,160 --> 00:24:54,259
โช I can't dish out
anything but love โช
407
00:24:54,260 --> 00:24:55,959
โช baby...
408
00:24:55,960 --> 00:24:58,599
I think it's very brave to say
409
00:24:58,600 --> 00:25:01,299
what your sexual preferences are.
410
00:25:01,300 --> 00:25:03,959
He really had a thing about androgyny,
411
00:25:03,960 --> 00:25:07,629
and he liked to switch
sex roles in bed.
412
00:25:07,630 --> 00:25:09,959
And he tells Mary, you know,
"let's play around."
413
00:25:09,960 --> 00:25:11,429
"I'm gonna call you 'Pete.'
414
00:25:11,430 --> 00:25:13,099
you call me 'Catherine, '"
415
00:25:13,100 --> 00:25:15,999
you know, and they
go back and forth on this.
416
00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:19,099
And they play around with it,
and I'm not sure what they
417
00:25:19,100 --> 00:25:24,759
do in bed, but somehow she's
satisfying that intense desire
418
00:25:24,760 --> 00:25:27,599
of his to play with sex roles that way.
419
00:25:27,600 --> 00:25:30,799
โช Oh, till that
lucky day... โช
420
00:25:30,800 --> 00:25:33,559
It took a lot of guts for him.
421
00:25:33,560 --> 00:25:37,559
And in a way, he wanted to
be a woman who loved
422
00:25:37,560 --> 00:25:39,459
another woman.
423
00:25:39,460 --> 00:25:42,599
Now this kind of thing,
it's all on a spectrum, right?
424
00:25:42,600 --> 00:25:45,530
But then, it was unheard of.
425
00:25:49,730 --> 00:25:53,129
"In bed," she wrote,
"he has certainly been better
426
00:25:53,130 --> 00:25:56,199
for me than any other man,"
427
00:25:56,200 --> 00:26:00,429
but she chafed under what she
called his "dictatorship."
428
00:26:00,430 --> 00:26:04,359
She disliked his lectures
on how things must be done,
429
00:26:04,360 --> 00:26:07,899
detected the ghostly presence
of Martha gellhorn in every
430
00:26:07,900 --> 00:26:10,929
room of the house, felt
cut off from her friends
431
00:26:10,930 --> 00:26:12,759
and former life.
432
00:26:12,760 --> 00:26:15,029
"Nothing is mine," she wrote.
433
00:26:15,030 --> 00:26:18,599
"The man is his own
with various adjuncts...
434
00:26:18,600 --> 00:26:21,899
"His writing, his children, his cats.
435
00:26:21,900 --> 00:26:26,459
The strip of bed where
I lie is not mine."
436
00:26:26,460 --> 00:26:29,399
"Can only conclude that I'd be an idiot
437
00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:32,029
"to stay here and marry papa.
438
00:26:32,030 --> 00:26:34,999
"I'd better go while
the going is possible
439
00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:38,159
and can be without
too much bitterness."
440
00:26:38,160 --> 00:26:43,199
But she stayed,
and in the spring of 1946,
441
00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:47,229
after both had legally shed
their spouses, Mary Welsh
442
00:26:47,230 --> 00:26:49,959
married Ernest Hemingway.
443
00:26:49,960 --> 00:26:54,199
Before the wedding, she had been
"an entity," she remembered.
444
00:26:54,200 --> 00:26:58,699
Afterwards,
she became "an appendage."
445
00:26:58,700 --> 00:27:02,299
Over and over again, their
union followed the same
446
00:27:02,300 --> 00:27:03,999
turbulent pattern.
447
00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:06,399
He would insult or humiliate her.
448
00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:08,459
She would threaten to leave.
449
00:27:08,460 --> 00:27:11,959
He would beg her to stay
and sometimes threaten
450
00:27:11,960 --> 00:27:14,399
to kill himself if she didn't.
451
00:27:14,400 --> 00:27:18,299
They would reconcile in bed
and then start the cycle
452
00:27:18,300 --> 00:27:20,729
all over again.
453
00:27:20,730 --> 00:27:25,059
Mary sometimes liked to call
herself "the short, happy wife
454
00:27:25,060 --> 00:27:27,130
of Ernest Hemingway."
455
00:27:30,930 --> 00:27:33,959
Maybe writers disimprove as they age
456
00:27:33,960 --> 00:27:36,359
because they live with a
permanent fear that
457
00:27:36,360 --> 00:27:39,259
the gift has gone.
458
00:27:39,260 --> 00:27:41,959
It gets worse with age.
459
00:27:41,960 --> 00:27:46,559
What happens in mid-life,
in youth and then mid-life,
460
00:27:46,560 --> 00:27:50,899
the spasms of, you know, the
famous cliche, "the blank page,"
461
00:27:50,900 --> 00:27:54,929
happens within one
morning, a writer gets up
462
00:27:54,930 --> 00:27:58,959
and thinks, "ah, one line,
just one line
463
00:27:58,960 --> 00:28:00,999
and off you are."
464
00:28:01,000 --> 00:28:03,659
It doesn't happen as much in old age.
465
00:28:03,660 --> 00:28:05,799
It does not.
466
00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:10,430
Only by sheer perseverance.
467
00:28:12,200 --> 00:28:15,559
Hemingway's writing was not going well.
468
00:28:15,560 --> 00:28:19,959
It had been 6 years since he'd
published "for whom the bell tolls."
469
00:28:19,960 --> 00:28:23,159
It would be 4 more years
before he managed to publish
470
00:28:23,160 --> 00:28:25,159
another novel.
471
00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:31,259
He was only 46 but had begun
to be seen by critics as
472
00:28:31,260 --> 00:28:33,759
a relic of the 1920s.
473
00:28:33,760 --> 00:28:36,159
When would-be biographers
contacted him,
474
00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:38,099
he fended them off.
475
00:28:38,100 --> 00:28:40,959
He resented the implication
that his career was
476
00:28:40,960 --> 00:28:43,499
nearing its close.
477
00:28:43,500 --> 00:28:47,359
He had ambitious plans...
A 3-volume work
478
00:28:47,360 --> 00:28:50,859
encompassing the war years
that was to begin on bimini
479
00:28:50,860 --> 00:28:57,359
in 1936 and end with the
battle for the hurtgen forest.
480
00:28:57,360 --> 00:29:02,259
But novels about the war by
younger writers... irwin Shaw,
481
00:29:02,260 --> 00:29:06,599
John horne burns, Norman
mailer, all of whom had been
482
00:29:06,600 --> 00:29:10,729
influenced by him... soon made
him wonder if readers would
483
00:29:10,730 --> 00:29:13,599
want to read about his war.
484
00:29:13,600 --> 00:29:17,199
His plans for a new family
didn't work out either.
485
00:29:17,200 --> 00:29:20,229
Mary suffered an ectopic
pregnancy, and nearly
486
00:29:20,230 --> 00:29:21,799
bled to death.
487
00:29:21,800 --> 00:29:24,729
Hemingway was told to say good-bye.
488
00:29:24,730 --> 00:29:28,599
Instead, he forced an attendant
to open a new vein
489
00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:31,899
and administer plasma.
490
00:29:31,900 --> 00:29:36,529
Mary survived but was told
she could not bear children.
491
00:29:36,530 --> 00:29:41,559
Hemingway would never have
the daughter he'd hoped for.
492
00:29:41,560 --> 00:29:45,929
There were now problems
with his boys, too.
493
00:29:45,930 --> 00:29:49,199
They had a very good time with papa
494
00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:52,999
and they loved him dearly.
495
00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:57,059
But at the same time, they were
deprived of their father
496
00:29:57,060 --> 00:30:01,099
for whole stretches of their lives.
497
00:30:01,100 --> 00:30:08,299
He was incredibly exacting and
demanding and could turn some
498
00:30:08,300 --> 00:30:12,099
of that verbal abuse on them.
499
00:30:12,100 --> 00:30:15,929
He was proud of his
oldest son Jack's war record:
500
00:30:15,930 --> 00:30:21,129
Bumby had joined the oss,
parachuted into occupied France,
501
00:30:21,130 --> 00:30:24,959
had been wounded and spent time
in a German prison camp,
502
00:30:24,960 --> 00:30:28,799
but his father grew impatient
with his apparent inability to
503
00:30:28,800 --> 00:30:33,029
decide what he'd like to
do in peacetime.
504
00:30:33,030 --> 00:30:37,059
Gregory, the youngest, had a secret.
505
00:30:37,060 --> 00:30:40,929
It had begun when
Gregory was a small boy.
506
00:30:40,930 --> 00:30:44,829
He'd found both solace and
excitement during his parents'
507
00:30:44,830 --> 00:30:48,829
frequent absences, first by
taking his mother's stockings
508
00:30:48,830 --> 00:30:52,499
from her dresser and rubbing
them against his cheek,
509
00:30:52,500 --> 00:30:55,199
then by pulling them on.
510
00:30:55,200 --> 00:30:58,899
His father knew about it.
"He has the biggest dark side
511
00:30:58,900 --> 00:31:01,899
"in the family except me and
you," he told Gregory's
512
00:31:01,900 --> 00:31:07,599
mother, pauline, but hoped
he'd grow out of it somehow.
513
00:31:07,600 --> 00:31:12,499
My brother explained to
me once what a wonderful thing
514
00:31:12,500 --> 00:31:15,159
it was to be in drag, you know.
515
00:31:15,160 --> 00:31:16,799
It was just marvelous,
516
00:31:16,800 --> 00:31:18,799
the greatest thing
you could experience.
517
00:31:18,800 --> 00:31:21,999
And I thought, well,
not for me, you know.
518
00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:24,599
Not that I didn't sympathize,
519
00:31:24,600 --> 00:31:29,499
but it was an intolerable
situation for him being the
520
00:31:29,500 --> 00:31:31,659
son of who he was the son of.
521
00:31:31,660 --> 00:31:33,529
I think that was what made it so awful.
522
00:31:33,530 --> 00:31:36,000
I mean these days,
who would give a damn?
523
00:31:37,330 --> 00:31:40,629
But his middle
son Patrick was of even more
524
00:31:40,630 --> 00:31:42,759
immediate concern.
525
00:31:42,760 --> 00:31:46,899
While visiting his father in
Cuba in the summer of 1947,
526
00:31:46,900 --> 00:31:49,999
he had a severe psychotic episode.
527
00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:52,829
He had recently suffered
a concussion which doctors
528
00:31:52,830 --> 00:31:55,229
thought must have triggered it.
529
00:31:55,230 --> 00:31:59,599
Patrick tore off his clothes,
refused to eat, cursed
530
00:31:59,600 --> 00:32:03,329
and struck out at anyone
who came near him.
531
00:32:03,330 --> 00:32:07,559
It is pretty hard
to tell what happened to me.
532
00:32:07,560 --> 00:32:10,429
If you would go by the symptoms...
533
00:32:10,430 --> 00:32:13,399
Extreme schizophrenia.
534
00:32:13,400 --> 00:32:15,029
Ha.
535
00:32:15,030 --> 00:32:17,559
But you know people don't
get over schizophrenia,
536
00:32:17,560 --> 00:32:20,029
do they, as far as I know?
537
00:32:20,030 --> 00:32:22,399
Hemingway refused to have his boy
538
00:32:22,400 --> 00:32:26,199
institutionalized, and for
3 months served as his
539
00:32:26,200 --> 00:32:30,899
tender and supportive nurse,
getting by on 4 hours of sleep
540
00:32:30,900 --> 00:32:35,599
on the floor outside Patrick's door.
541
00:32:35,600 --> 00:32:40,459
Patrick's mother, pauline,
came to Cuba to nurse him, too,
542
00:32:40,460 --> 00:32:43,859
and she and Mary became
friends as "alumnae" of what
543
00:32:43,860 --> 00:32:47,659
they called
"Hemingway university."
544
00:32:47,660 --> 00:32:51,559
With the help of a German
psychiatrist, who prescribed
545
00:32:51,560 --> 00:32:56,760
electroshock therapy,
Patrick eventually recovered.
546
00:33:10,130 --> 00:33:14,329
In December, 1948,
the hemingways were staying
547
00:33:14,330 --> 00:33:17,929
half an hour's boat ride from
venice, for what Mary hoped
548
00:33:17,930 --> 00:33:20,559
would be a much-delayed honeymoon.
549
00:33:20,560 --> 00:33:24,659
But Hemingway... grey-bearded
and battered, still drinking
550
00:33:24,660 --> 00:33:28,229
far too much, with constant
ringing in his ears
551
00:33:28,230 --> 00:33:30,459
and dangerously high blood pressure...
552
00:33:30,460 --> 00:33:35,829
Met an 18-year old Italian girl
from an old, aristocratic family...
553
00:33:35,830 --> 00:33:41,399
Adriana ivancich... and fell
obsessively in love with her.
554
00:33:41,400 --> 00:33:45,529
She was fresh from convent
school and well-read, though
555
00:33:45,530 --> 00:33:48,699
she'd never read anything by
Hemingway, and she enjoyed
556
00:33:48,700 --> 00:33:51,899
listening to him talk at
Harry's bar and while they
557
00:33:51,900 --> 00:33:54,199
ambled together through venice.
558
00:33:54,200 --> 00:33:58,259
He called her "daughter" and
asked her to call him "papa,"
559
00:33:58,260 --> 00:34:01,929
but he also told her that he
would beg her to marry him
560
00:34:01,930 --> 00:34:05,459
if he didn't know she'd say no.
561
00:34:05,460 --> 00:34:09,259
And it was a great
blow to him that she didn't
562
00:34:09,260 --> 00:34:10,660
fall in love with him.
563
00:34:12,460 --> 00:34:16,299
Every time before this,
when he's wanted a woman,
564
00:34:16,300 --> 00:34:18,659
that's it. She's his.
565
00:34:18,660 --> 00:34:21,459
He can discard this
wife, take the new one.
566
00:34:21,460 --> 00:34:24,559
F. Scott Fitzgerald said he
"wanted a new... a new wife
567
00:34:24,560 --> 00:34:26,299
for every book."
568
00:34:26,300 --> 00:34:30,559
But, Adriana, that's
different to him, ok?
569
00:34:30,560 --> 00:34:33,629
Mary worried that
her husband was "weaving"
570
00:34:33,630 --> 00:34:38,299
"a mesh which might entangle
and pain him," but Adriana
571
00:34:38,300 --> 00:34:41,529
became the model for the love
interest in the novel he had
572
00:34:41,530 --> 00:34:47,459
finally begun working on, "across
the river and into the trees."
573
00:34:47,460 --> 00:34:51,259
Its protagonist, inspired
in part by buck lanham,
574
00:34:51,260 --> 00:34:55,199
is a dying 50-year-old
American infantry colonel
575
00:34:55,200 --> 00:34:58,199
filled with memories of the
horrors he has witnessed
576
00:34:58,200 --> 00:35:00,199
in two wars.
577
00:35:00,200 --> 00:35:04,399
He spends his last 3 days
in venice where he makes love
578
00:35:04,400 --> 00:35:08,359
to an 18-year-old girl whom
Hemingway names "Renata"...
579
00:35:08,360 --> 00:35:11,599
Italian for "reborn."
580
00:35:11,600 --> 00:35:15,959
When he got back to Cuba,
he wrote like a man possessed.
581
00:35:15,960 --> 00:35:20,259
He was almost 50, but he told
his publisher that summer he
582
00:35:20,260 --> 00:35:23,899
was writing as if he were 25 again.
583
00:35:23,900 --> 00:35:28,229
I don't think he
was ever unhappy to have us
584
00:35:28,230 --> 00:35:30,929
confuse him with his characters.
585
00:35:30,930 --> 00:35:36,399
But by then, I think he
assumed the identification was
586
00:35:36,400 --> 00:35:42,959
so complete that he had
to make a romantic,
587
00:35:42,960 --> 00:35:46,559
manly figure of colonel cantwell
588
00:35:46,560 --> 00:35:49,399
with the Italian mistress.
589
00:35:51,360 --> 00:35:54,559
Man, as Hemingway: She came
into the room, shining in her
590
00:35:54,560 --> 00:35:58,599
youth and tall striding
beauty, and the carelessness
591
00:35:58,600 --> 00:36:01,059
the wind had made of her hair.
592
00:36:01,060 --> 00:36:05,559
She had pale, almost olive-
colored skin, a profile that
593
00:36:05,560 --> 00:36:10,059
could break your, or anyone
else's heart, and her dark hair,
594
00:36:10,060 --> 00:36:14,829
of an alive texture,
hung down over her shoulders.
595
00:36:14,830 --> 00:36:17,659
Hemingway had
convinced himself that he was
596
00:36:17,660 --> 00:36:19,829
writing better than ever.
597
00:36:19,830 --> 00:36:21,659
He was not.
598
00:36:21,660 --> 00:36:23,929
Man, as Hemingway: The wind
was very cold and lashed
599
00:36:23,930 --> 00:36:27,829
their faces, but under the
blanket there was no wind nor
600
00:36:27,830 --> 00:36:32,129
nothing; Only his ruined hand
that searched for the island
601
00:36:32,130 --> 00:36:35,259
in the great river with
the high steep banks.
602
00:36:35,260 --> 00:36:37,999
"Please don't move," the girl said.
603
00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:40,259
"Then move a great amount."
604
00:36:40,260 --> 00:36:43,829
The colonel, lying under the
blanket in the wind, knowing
605
00:36:43,830 --> 00:36:48,099
it is only what man does for
woman that he retains, except
606
00:36:48,100 --> 00:36:51,059
what he does for his
fatherland or his motherland,
607
00:36:51,060 --> 00:36:54,799
however you get the reading, proceeded.
608
00:36:54,800 --> 00:36:58,299
He thought he was
reaching a kind of perfection
609
00:36:58,300 --> 00:37:00,729
and abundance in his prose.
610
00:37:00,730 --> 00:37:05,459
And what he was writing was "across
the river and into the trees."
611
00:37:05,460 --> 00:37:09,499
He was also acting
strangely, firing off letters
612
00:37:09,500 --> 00:37:14,359
filled with increasingly tall
tales and irrational boasting.
613
00:37:14,360 --> 00:37:17,729
"All writers are liars,"
he liked to say, especially
614
00:37:17,730 --> 00:37:20,399
when they'd had a few drinks.
615
00:37:20,400 --> 00:37:23,899
But he now claimed 4 of
his ancestors had fought
616
00:37:23,900 --> 00:37:27,559
in the crusades, that his
great-great-grandmother was
617
00:37:27,560 --> 00:37:31,329
a northern Cheyenne, that
he himself was conducting
618
00:37:31,330 --> 00:37:36,399
simultaneous affairs with 4
venetian countesses, had been
619
00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:42,829
wounded 22 times and had
killed 122 armed men in now
620
00:37:42,830 --> 00:37:45,559
5 different wars.
621
00:37:45,560 --> 00:37:50,329
Friends worried about what
seemed to be happening to him.
622
00:37:50,330 --> 00:37:52,699
His moods had always shifted.
623
00:37:52,700 --> 00:37:56,899
Now they wildly swung up and down.
624
00:37:56,900 --> 00:38:01,729
He was, so floridly
manic, thinking this terrible
625
00:38:01,730 --> 00:38:04,459
book is his best book
and falling in love
626
00:38:04,460 --> 00:38:09,859
inappropriately, but you were
also seeing these depressions.
627
00:38:09,860 --> 00:38:12,899
And when he was depressed, he was mean.
628
00:38:12,900 --> 00:38:15,699
He disappeared into Havana one day
629
00:38:15,700 --> 00:38:18,459
and then turned
up for lunch on the "Pilar"
630
00:38:18,460 --> 00:38:23,799
with a 17-year-old
prostitute on his arm.
631
00:38:23,800 --> 00:38:26,759
Woman, as Welsh Hemingway:
"Dear Ernest, as soon as it
632
00:38:26,760 --> 00:38:29,599
"is possible for me to
move out, I shall move.
633
00:38:29,600 --> 00:38:34,259
"Maybe it is ambiguous for me to
explain my reasons for leaving,
634
00:38:34,260 --> 00:38:37,299
"but I write them down because
I think this time you should
635
00:38:37,300 --> 00:38:40,259
"have the opportunity of
knowing precisely how I feel
636
00:38:40,260 --> 00:38:42,599
"about this marriage.
637
00:38:42,600 --> 00:38:47,829
"It began in 1944 in bed in the
ritz hotel in Paris and my own
638
00:38:47,830 --> 00:38:52,059
I thought you were a straight
639
00:38:52,060 --> 00:38:55,359
"and honorable and brave
man and magnetically
640
00:38:55,360 --> 00:38:57,729
"endearing to me.
641
00:38:57,730 --> 00:39:01,929
"And because, although I was
suspicious of your over-drinking,
642
00:39:01,930 --> 00:39:05,429
"you said so often that your
chief desire was to be good
643
00:39:05,430 --> 00:39:11,329
"and adult and to live your one
and only life intelligently.
644
00:39:11,330 --> 00:39:15,129
"I believed you and in you.
645
00:39:15,130 --> 00:39:17,459
"Your principal failure is that,
646
00:39:17,460 --> 00:39:20,259
"primarily because of
your accumulating ego
647
00:39:20,260 --> 00:39:23,659
"and your increasing lapses
into over-drinking, you have
648
00:39:23,660 --> 00:39:26,999
"not been the good man you
said you intended to be.
649
00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:30,499
"Both privately and in public,
you have insulted me and my
650
00:39:30,500 --> 00:39:36,059
"dignity as a human being and
a woman devoted to you and have
651
00:39:36,060 --> 00:39:39,829
"debased my pride in you
in front of friends.
652
00:39:39,830 --> 00:39:44,899
"I think we must now both admit
that this marriage is a failure.
653
00:39:44,900 --> 00:39:46,930
Therefore let us end it."
654
00:39:50,730 --> 00:39:54,059
"Stick with me
kitten," Hemingway responded.
655
00:39:54,060 --> 00:39:58,029
"I hope you will decide
to stick with me."
656
00:39:58,030 --> 00:40:01,629
Mary did stick with him,
but nothing was settled
657
00:40:01,630 --> 00:40:04,759
between them.
658
00:40:04,760 --> 00:40:08,459
A few weeks before his long-
awaited novel about venice was
659
00:40:08,460 --> 00:40:12,359
to be published, he lost his
footing aboard the "Pilar"
660
00:40:12,360 --> 00:40:15,699
and hit his head again.
661
00:40:15,700 --> 00:40:19,259
Afterwards, he wrote a friend
that he had reached what he
662
00:40:19,260 --> 00:40:21,929
called a "bad low."
663
00:40:21,930 --> 00:40:26,699
He'd taken "a long deep dive
in the Gulf stream," he said.
664
00:40:26,700 --> 00:40:29,529
"It was awfully nice down
there and I was tempted to
665
00:40:29,530 --> 00:40:31,399
"stay there,
666
00:40:31,400 --> 00:40:33,529
"but you have to set
a good example to your
667
00:40:33,530 --> 00:40:35,899
children and et cetera."
668
00:40:35,900 --> 00:40:39,399
When "across the river and
into the trees" was published
669
00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:42,829
in September of 1950,
it became an instant
670
00:40:42,830 --> 00:40:44,699
best-seller,
671
00:40:44,700 --> 00:40:48,529
but it was not the great
novel of the second world war
672
00:40:48,530 --> 00:40:52,129
critics were expecting and
he received the worst reviews
673
00:40:52,130 --> 00:40:54,059
of his career.
674
00:40:54,060 --> 00:40:57,129
They called the book
sentimental, embarrassing,
675
00:40:57,130 --> 00:40:59,699
even pitiable.
676
00:40:59,700 --> 00:41:02,599
"It is not only Hemingway's
worst novel,"
677
00:41:02,600 --> 00:41:05,699
said the "Saturday review of
literature," "it is
678
00:41:05,700 --> 00:41:09,329
"a synthesis of everything that
is bad in his previous work
679
00:41:09,330 --> 00:41:13,099
and it throws a doubtful
light on the future."
680
00:41:13,100 --> 00:41:17,499
The book made Martha gellhorn
"sick," she told a friend,
681
00:41:17,500 --> 00:41:19,399
"shivering sick."
682
00:41:19,400 --> 00:41:23,199
It had the "sound of madness
and a terrible smell,
683
00:41:23,200 --> 00:41:25,929
as of decay."
684
00:41:25,930 --> 00:41:29,229
"Across the river
and into the trees" comes out,
685
00:41:29,230 --> 00:41:33,599
and it receives the worst
imaginable reviews.
686
00:41:33,600 --> 00:41:36,799
People call it "maudlin,"
they say Hemingway is
687
00:41:36,800 --> 00:41:40,899
finished, this book is so bad
that it calls into question
688
00:41:40,900 --> 00:41:43,359
his entire career so far.
689
00:41:43,360 --> 00:41:45,529
Hemingway's done, it's over, you know.
690
00:41:45,530 --> 00:41:49,429
It's a disaster.
It's a disaster.
691
00:41:49,430 --> 00:41:51,629
Not to mention the
lovemaking in the gondola
692
00:41:51,630 --> 00:41:54,130
with the birds flying.
Ha ha!
693
00:41:56,030 --> 00:42:00,259
Something is starting
to happen in the 1950s...
694
00:42:00,260 --> 00:42:07,599
Call it fame, call it too much
drinking, too much of too much.
695
00:42:07,600 --> 00:42:10,629
There is a constant check
of blood pressure.
696
00:42:10,630 --> 00:42:15,059
There is a concern for
mortality in Hemingway
697
00:42:15,060 --> 00:42:18,959
that he always knew
was there, as we all do,
698
00:42:18,960 --> 00:42:23,259
but at the same time don't
know until illness or
699
00:42:23,260 --> 00:42:25,729
something begins to show itself.
700
00:42:25,730 --> 00:42:29,099
To some extent, someone as
vibrant as this, I think that
701
00:42:29,100 --> 00:42:32,159
came as a bit of a shock.
702
00:42:32,160 --> 00:42:37,829
And the drinking and the
history of mental illness
703
00:42:37,830 --> 00:42:41,599
in the family had to be on his mind.
704
00:42:41,600 --> 00:42:45,360
His father had to be on his mind.
705
00:42:50,100 --> 00:42:54,859
In early 1951, Hemingway's
publisher Charles scribner
706
00:42:54,860 --> 00:42:58,259
sent him galleys of
a world war ii novel called,
707
00:42:58,260 --> 00:43:01,459
"from here to eternity,"
by a young writer named
708
00:43:01,460 --> 00:43:07,029
James Jones in the hope
Hemingway might write a blurb.
709
00:43:07,030 --> 00:43:10,859
After seeing combat in the
pacific, Jones had gone awol
710
00:43:10,860 --> 00:43:15,159
during the second world war and
been given an honorable discharge
711
00:43:15,160 --> 00:43:22,459
for psychiatric reasons; His
protagonist went awol, too.
712
00:43:22,460 --> 00:43:25,659
Hemingway told scribner
he hated the book.
713
00:43:25,660 --> 00:43:29,559
Though his own hero of "a
farewell to arms" had deserted,
714
00:43:29,560 --> 00:43:33,829
Jones was a coward, a whiner,
a "battle-fatigue type,"
715
00:43:33,830 --> 00:43:37,499
he wrote, likely to
commit suicide once "things
716
00:43:37,500 --> 00:43:39,499
catch up with him."
717
00:43:39,500 --> 00:43:44,229
His book was sure to "do
great damage to our country."
718
00:43:44,230 --> 00:43:46,699
Man, as Hemingway: "Probably
I should re-read it again to"
719
00:43:46,700 --> 00:43:48,999
"give you a truer answer.
720
00:43:49,000 --> 00:43:52,829
"But I do not have to eat an
entire bowl of scabs to know
721
00:43:52,830 --> 00:43:58,529
"they are scabs; Nor suck
a boil to know it is a boil;
722
00:43:58,530 --> 00:44:03,299
"nor swim through a river of
snot to know it is snot.
723
00:44:03,300 --> 00:44:07,929
"I hope he kills himself as
soon as it does not damage his
724
00:44:07,930 --> 00:44:09,899
"or your sales.
725
00:44:09,900 --> 00:44:13,629
"If you give him a literary tea,
you might ask him to drain
726
00:44:13,630 --> 00:44:20,959
"a bucket of snot and then suck
the puss out of a dead ear.
727
00:44:20,960 --> 00:44:24,529
"Wouldn't have brought him up
if you hadn't asked me.
728
00:44:24,530 --> 00:44:29,130
Now I feel as unclean as when
I read his -off book."
729
00:44:31,630 --> 00:44:33,600
Yeah.
730
00:44:37,600 --> 00:44:41,399
It's... it's another
mystery why this most
731
00:44:41,400 --> 00:44:44,399
famous writer of writers, uh...
732
00:44:44,400 --> 00:44:49,629
Would have felt so, uh...
733
00:44:49,630 --> 00:44:55,259
Unsafe in his position
and embattled in it
734
00:44:55,260 --> 00:45:00,399
and needing to fend off all
other writers as if they were
735
00:45:00,400 --> 00:45:02,859
challenging him.
736
00:45:02,860 --> 00:45:07,129
Why didn't he just say, "i, you know,
I didn't warm up to this book",
737
00:45:07,130 --> 00:45:09,599
"I don't know what I would
say about it," and let it go?
738
00:45:09,600 --> 00:45:11,599
But no.
739
00:45:11,600 --> 00:45:13,859
The fact that he would
revile a fellow writer doesn't
740
00:45:13,860 --> 00:45:17,459
shock me at all, but the
harshness of it, yeah.
741
00:45:17,460 --> 00:45:21,659
The racial epithets here,
something that he knew would
742
00:45:21,660 --> 00:45:25,759
probably see the light
of day at some point.
743
00:45:25,760 --> 00:45:28,700
Yeah. It complicates
things immensely.
744
00:45:31,860 --> 00:45:33,629
I'm not really sure what
to say about this,
745
00:45:33,630 --> 00:45:35,299
to explain it away.
746
00:45:35,300 --> 00:45:38,059
I don't know if you
can explain it away.
747
00:45:38,060 --> 00:45:40,459
We're all deeply flawed.
748
00:45:40,460 --> 00:45:44,659
And Hemingway's you know
complex nature is something
749
00:45:44,660 --> 00:45:48,059
that we'll never solve
with one pithy phrase.
750
00:45:48,060 --> 00:45:51,399
We won't explain these
awful letters he wrote.
751
00:45:51,400 --> 00:45:54,859
We won't ever be able to
forgive him for the awful
752
00:45:54,860 --> 00:45:58,299
things he said about people,
the words he used that had no,
753
00:45:58,300 --> 00:46:03,400
no reason but hurt, but there it is.
754
00:46:13,760 --> 00:46:15,829
In Cuba, he would actually rehearse
755
00:46:15,830 --> 00:46:18,229
a suicide for friends.
756
00:46:18,230 --> 00:46:21,559
He would have friends over
for dinner and then he would,
757
00:46:21,560 --> 00:46:24,599
uh, put his shotgun on the
floor and put his big toe
758
00:46:24,600 --> 00:46:26,599
in the trigger and put the
barrel in the roof of his mouth,
759
00:46:26,600 --> 00:46:29,599
and everyone would
listen to it go "click."
760
00:46:29,600 --> 00:46:33,199
And he would lift his mouth
off the barrel, grinning.
761
00:46:33,200 --> 00:46:35,829
"I have nothing
in my head," Hemingway told
762
00:46:35,830 --> 00:46:37,429
an old friend.
763
00:46:37,430 --> 00:46:40,629
"I'm fed up with living.
I can't write.
764
00:46:40,630 --> 00:46:46,759
I love only Adriana.
I'm going to commit suicide."
765
00:46:46,760 --> 00:46:50,729
He took out his despair and
frustration on Mary, calling
766
00:46:50,730 --> 00:46:54,559
her a "whore, bitch,
liar, moron."
767
00:46:54,560 --> 00:46:57,729
She told his publisher she
feared she was witnessing
768
00:46:57,730 --> 00:47:00,859
"the disintegration of
a personality."
769
00:47:02,700 --> 00:47:05,999
It's a very tragic
thing, and I believe that
770
00:47:06,000 --> 00:47:08,459
relationship did get physical.
771
00:47:08,460 --> 00:47:11,999
She's just little and he's
this hulking, you know,
772
00:47:12,000 --> 00:47:15,799
6-foot-something man.
It's... it's dangerous.
773
00:47:15,800 --> 00:47:18,429
Mary had threatened
to leave him many times.
774
00:47:18,430 --> 00:47:20,729
They were violent towards each other.
775
00:47:20,730 --> 00:47:22,899
He was violent towards her.
776
00:47:22,900 --> 00:47:25,229
And at one point,
their Cuban doctor took the
777
00:47:25,230 --> 00:47:26,999
shotguns out of the home; They
were threatening each other
778
00:47:27,000 --> 00:47:28,929
with shotguns.
779
00:47:28,930 --> 00:47:32,259
They would go at each other,
tooth and nail.
780
00:47:32,260 --> 00:47:34,599
He knows he's struggling to write.
781
00:47:34,600 --> 00:47:38,399
He's got to do something.
Everything he's lived for,
782
00:47:38,400 --> 00:47:41,159
everything he's worked for,
the whole idea of being
783
00:47:41,160 --> 00:47:45,629
an immortal American
writer is at stake.
784
00:47:48,260 --> 00:47:53,159
Then in October of
1950, Adriana and her mother
785
00:47:53,160 --> 00:47:56,699
came to Cuba for an extended visit.
786
00:47:56,700 --> 00:48:00,159
Hemingway was elated.
787
00:48:00,160 --> 00:48:02,229
He goes into training.
788
00:48:02,230 --> 00:48:04,929
He talks about going into
training like a boxer.
789
00:48:04,930 --> 00:48:09,759
And for a period of weeks,
he loses weight, he stops
790
00:48:09,760 --> 00:48:13,699
drinking everything except a
little bit of wine, he eats
791
00:48:13,700 --> 00:48:17,399
celery sticks, lots of
protein like raw wild duck.
792
00:48:17,400 --> 00:48:22,029
He swims laps in the pool,
he gets into shape.
793
00:48:22,030 --> 00:48:26,229
He idealized love
so much and it gave him
794
00:48:26,230 --> 00:48:28,129
so much energy.
795
00:48:28,130 --> 00:48:31,059
If you remember being in
love as a teenager,
796
00:48:31,060 --> 00:48:33,159
you're so happy.
797
00:48:33,160 --> 00:48:37,159
Adriana allowed him to re-create that.
798
00:48:37,160 --> 00:48:41,559
She moves much more from being
a potential love relationship
799
00:48:41,560 --> 00:48:43,560
to being a kind of muse.
800
00:48:46,530 --> 00:48:54,599
Inspired by Adriana,
Hemingway began a new story.
801
00:48:54,600 --> 00:48:57,899
Man, as Hemingway: The old man
was thin and gaunt with deep
802
00:48:57,900 --> 00:49:01,299
wrinkles in the back of his neck.
803
00:49:01,300 --> 00:49:04,999
The brown blotches of the
benevolent skin cancer the sun
804
00:49:05,000 --> 00:49:08,129
brings from its reflection
on the tropic sea were
805
00:49:08,130 --> 00:49:10,229
on his cheeks.
806
00:49:10,230 --> 00:49:13,329
The blotches ran well down
the sides of his face and his
807
00:49:13,330 --> 00:49:16,729
hands had the deep-creased
scars from handling heavy fish
808
00:49:16,730 --> 00:49:18,929
on the cords.
809
00:49:18,930 --> 00:49:21,759
But none of these scars were fresh.
810
00:49:21,760 --> 00:49:27,259
They were as old as erosions
in a fishless desert.
811
00:49:27,260 --> 00:49:32,559
Everything about him was old
except his eyes and they were
812
00:49:32,560 --> 00:49:38,929
the same color as the sea and
were cheerful and undefeated.
813
00:49:38,930 --> 00:49:41,359
It was a fictionalized version
814
00:49:41,360 --> 00:49:44,699
of an article he'd first
published in "esquire" magazine
815
00:49:44,700 --> 00:49:47,429
15 years earlier.
816
00:49:47,430 --> 00:49:52,729
He wrote the new novel in just 8 weeks.
817
00:49:52,730 --> 00:49:58,099
"The old man and the sea" told the
story of an old Cuban fisherman
818
00:49:58,100 --> 00:50:01,459
alone in a skiff,
who hooked a great marlin that
819
00:50:01,460 --> 00:50:05,129
towed him far out to sea
before he could harpoon
820
00:50:05,130 --> 00:50:08,299
and lash it alongside.
821
00:50:08,300 --> 00:50:11,329
But as he struggled to return to land,
822
00:50:11,330 --> 00:50:14,830
sharks devoured most of his prize.
823
00:50:17,700 --> 00:50:20,559
In the evenings, Hemingway
would let Mary read what he
824
00:50:20,560 --> 00:50:22,929
had written that day.
825
00:50:22,930 --> 00:50:26,729
"Lamb," she told him after
finishing the manuscript,
826
00:50:26,730 --> 00:50:29,729
"I am prepared to pardon you
for all the disagreeable
827
00:50:29,730 --> 00:50:32,299
things you have done to me."
828
00:50:32,300 --> 00:50:34,759
Woman, as Welsh Hemingway:
Those were sweet hours.
829
00:50:34,760 --> 00:50:39,259
Only the sighs of a breeze in
the palms or the faraway chuff
830
00:50:39,260 --> 00:50:43,299
of a lorry on the main road
came through the open windows.
831
00:50:43,300 --> 00:50:46,099
If I made some involuntary whisper
832
00:50:46,100 --> 00:50:49,099
of approval, he came over
to read, peering over
833
00:50:49,100 --> 00:50:51,159
my shoulder.
834
00:50:51,160 --> 00:50:55,599
This was simple line-drawing
beauty, I thought.
835
00:50:55,600 --> 00:51:00,229
It reminded me of bach fugues
and Picasso drawings without
836
00:51:00,230 --> 00:51:02,700
clutter or frills.
837
00:51:04,160 --> 00:51:06,859
Hemingway had
originally planned to include
838
00:51:06,860 --> 00:51:10,699
the story as the coda to
a longer novel, but he now
839
00:51:10,700 --> 00:51:13,359
wanted it to stand on its own.
840
00:51:13,360 --> 00:51:16,529
"Publishing it now," he told
scribner's, "will get rid
841
00:51:16,530 --> 00:51:20,429
"of the school of criticism
that I am through as a writer,
842
00:51:20,430 --> 00:51:23,529
"that claims I can write
about nothing except myself
843
00:51:23,530 --> 00:51:25,929
"and my own experiences.
844
00:51:25,930 --> 00:51:29,859
"It could even serve as an
epilogue to all my writing
845
00:51:29,860 --> 00:51:33,499
"and what I have learned or
tried to learn, while writing
846
00:51:33,500 --> 00:51:35,300
and trying to live."
847
00:51:37,260 --> 00:51:39,999
Most readers seemed to agree.
848
00:51:40,000 --> 00:51:43,799
"The old man and the sea"
appeared first in "life" magazine
849
00:51:43,800 --> 00:51:50,429
on September 1, 1952 and sold
well over 5 million copies.
850
00:51:50,430 --> 00:51:53,359
The hard-cover book, when it
was published, would remain
851
00:51:53,360 --> 00:51:57,499
on the best-seller list for 26 weeks.
852
00:52:50,700 --> 00:52:53,929
Most reviewers loved the book, too.
853
00:52:53,930 --> 00:52:56,229
"The old man and the sea"
proved, the critic
854
00:52:56,230 --> 00:52:59,199
Mark schorer wrote,
that "Hemingway's art",
855
00:52:59,200 --> 00:53:00,959
"when it is art,
856
00:53:00,960 --> 00:53:03,429
"is absolutely incomparable.
857
00:53:03,430 --> 00:53:07,999
"He is unquestionably the greatest
craftsman in the American novel
858
00:53:08,000 --> 00:53:10,000
in this century."
859
00:53:12,100 --> 00:53:15,999
The test of a book
for me is how many times you
860
00:53:16,000 --> 00:53:19,659
want to re-read it.
861
00:53:19,660 --> 00:53:25,759
It doesn't work for me
because it's so ordinary.
862
00:53:25,760 --> 00:53:30,099
It's adolescence.
It's schoolboy writing.
863
00:53:30,100 --> 00:53:32,259
I'm sorry.
864
00:53:32,260 --> 00:53:35,429
It's the writer.
He's the bloody fish.
865
00:53:35,430 --> 00:53:38,259
He's struggling to do it.
866
00:53:38,260 --> 00:53:41,429
And I feel, in some ways,
sympathetic because I know how
867
00:53:41,430 --> 00:53:45,599
hard it is to write
even one good sentence.
868
00:53:45,600 --> 00:53:49,099
This is not the book that
would be the finest flower
869
00:53:49,100 --> 00:53:52,129
on his grave.
It's not.
870
00:53:52,130 --> 00:53:54,759
With "the old man
and the sea," you see the
871
00:53:54,760 --> 00:53:59,299
agony of this old man, you
see his bravery, you see his
872
00:53:59,300 --> 00:54:04,329
desire to redeem himself and
you see him sort of arrive
873
00:54:04,330 --> 00:54:07,899
with the prize, but the
prize is in tatters.
874
00:54:07,900 --> 00:54:09,699
And isn't life like that?
875
00:54:09,700 --> 00:54:12,499
I mean, ultimately life
is so ironic you know.
876
00:54:12,500 --> 00:54:15,659
You get the biggest damn fish
out there, you redeem your
877
00:54:15,660 --> 00:54:21,329
reputation, but by the time
you get it to shore, it's gone
878
00:54:21,330 --> 00:54:23,199
and so are you.
879
00:55:21,630 --> 00:55:24,899
The refrain, as he's trying to come in
880
00:55:24,900 --> 00:55:28,799
and the sharks keep hitting the
fish and keep taking it away,
881
00:55:28,800 --> 00:55:32,929
as he said, "the thing
I did wrong is, I went
882
00:55:32,930 --> 00:55:35,359
out too far."
883
00:55:35,360 --> 00:55:37,859
I went beyond what I can control.
884
00:55:37,860 --> 00:55:40,759
I went beyond what I
can compensate for.
885
00:55:40,760 --> 00:55:45,699
And I hear that as just
beautiful and awful, and full
886
00:55:45,700 --> 00:55:49,330
of pathos, and that is Hemingway.
887
00:55:52,630 --> 00:55:55,799
Man, as Hemingway: He was past
everything now and he sailed
888
00:55:55,800 --> 00:55:58,529
the skiff to make his
home port as well and as
889
00:55:58,530 --> 00:56:00,829
intelligently as he could.
890
00:56:00,830 --> 00:56:04,699
In the night, sharks hit the
carcass as someone might pick up
891
00:56:04,700 --> 00:56:06,799
crumbs from the table.
892
00:56:06,800 --> 00:56:11,129
The old man paid no attention
to them and did not pay any
893
00:56:11,130 --> 00:56:14,129
attention to anything except steering.
894
00:56:14,130 --> 00:56:17,529
He only noticed how lightly
and how well the skiff sailed.
895
00:56:17,530 --> 00:56:20,030
Now there was no
great weight beside her.
896
00:56:22,500 --> 00:56:25,129
He could feel he was
inside the current now
897
00:56:25,130 --> 00:56:26,999
and he could see the lights
898
00:56:27,000 --> 00:56:29,859
of the beach colonies along the shore.
899
00:56:29,860 --> 00:56:35,429
He knew where he was now and
it was nothing to get home.
900
00:56:35,430 --> 00:56:39,459
It is easy when you
are beaten, he thought.
901
00:56:39,460 --> 00:56:42,699
I never knew how easy it was.
902
00:56:42,700 --> 00:56:45,359
And what beat you, he thought.
903
00:56:45,360 --> 00:56:49,629
"Nothing," he said aloud.
904
00:56:49,630 --> 00:56:52,429
"I went out too far."
905
00:56:58,530 --> 00:57:04,099
In June of 1951, Ernest's
mother, grace hall Hemingway
906
00:57:04,100 --> 00:57:07,959
had died at the age of 79.
907
00:57:07,960 --> 00:57:10,299
She'd been living in Memphis,
Tennessee with one
908
00:57:10,300 --> 00:57:12,299
of his sisters.
909
00:57:12,300 --> 00:57:14,899
Hemingway had been supporting
his mother but had not
910
00:57:14,900 --> 00:57:16,759
seen her in years.
911
00:57:16,760 --> 00:57:19,699
"I hate her guts,"
he explained to a friend,
912
00:57:19,700 --> 00:57:21,759
"and she hates mine."
913
00:57:21,760 --> 00:57:25,559
He did not attend her funeral
either, but he did soften
914
00:57:25,560 --> 00:57:28,429
a little at her death.
915
00:57:28,430 --> 00:57:31,559
"I have been thinking about
how beautiful she was when she
916
00:57:31,560 --> 00:57:35,259
was young, " he wrote, " before
everything went to hell in our
917
00:57:35,260 --> 00:57:39,429
"family and about how happy
we all were as children
918
00:57:39,430 --> 00:57:41,430
before it all broke up."
919
00:57:43,230 --> 00:57:46,659
More family hell had followed.
920
00:57:46,660 --> 00:57:50,759
In September of that year,
19-year-old Gregory Hemingway
921
00:57:50,760 --> 00:57:53,259
was arrested in the ladies
room of a Los Angeles
922
00:57:53,260 --> 00:57:57,429
movie theater wearing women's clothes.
923
00:57:57,430 --> 00:58:02,299
After his arrest, his mother,
pauline, Hemingway's second wife,
924
00:58:02,300 --> 00:58:07,159
rushed to Los Angeles to bail
him out, then spoke by phone
925
00:58:07,160 --> 00:58:09,499
with Hemingway in Cuba.
926
00:58:09,500 --> 00:58:13,629
Each blamed the other for what
had happened to their son.
927
00:58:13,630 --> 00:58:17,759
There was shouting and tears.
928
00:58:17,760 --> 00:58:21,029
The two of them went
at each other tooth and nail
929
00:58:21,030 --> 00:58:24,099
about who was responsible for this.
930
00:58:24,100 --> 00:58:29,359
My dad and my mother really
had a terrible telephone
931
00:58:29,360 --> 00:58:32,099
conversation about it.
932
00:58:32,100 --> 00:58:36,759
That night, pauline was rushed
to the hospital in agony.
933
00:58:36,760 --> 00:58:42,059
A rare and undiagnosed
adrenal tumor had burst.
934
00:58:42,060 --> 00:58:45,000
She died on the operating table.
935
00:58:46,600 --> 00:58:49,759
It was a disaster all around.
936
00:58:49,760 --> 00:58:53,329
And from that time on,
the relationship between Greg
937
00:58:53,330 --> 00:58:55,299
and my dad was terrible.
938
00:58:55,300 --> 00:58:58,559
Hemingway told Gregory
that the shock of his arrest
939
00:58:58,560 --> 00:59:01,899
had caused his mother's death.
940
00:59:01,900 --> 00:59:05,999
Gregory responded with fury.
941
00:59:06,000 --> 00:59:08,499
Man, as Gregory: "When it's all
added up, papa, it will be..."
942
00:59:08,500 --> 00:59:12,499
"He wrote a few good stories,
had a fresh approach to reality,
943
00:59:12,500 --> 00:59:16,659
"and he destroyed 5
persons... Hadley, pauline,
944
00:59:16,660 --> 00:59:22,659
"Marty, Patrick, and possibly myself.
945
00:59:22,660 --> 00:59:27,099
"Which do you think is the most
important, you self-centered,
946
00:59:27,100 --> 00:59:29,159
"the stories or the people?
947
00:59:29,160 --> 00:59:30,999
"I suppose you wonder
948
00:59:31,000 --> 00:59:34,259
"what has happened to
all my filial respect for you.
949
00:59:34,260 --> 00:59:38,559
"Well, it's gone, ernestine,
dear, it's gone!
950
00:59:38,560 --> 00:59:41,729
"It's gone with the hundred
thousand cruelties you have
951
00:59:41,730 --> 00:59:44,359
"inflicted on people for the
last 10 years and with the
952
00:59:44,360 --> 00:59:48,059
"thousand righteous
drunks of that period.
953
00:59:48,060 --> 00:59:52,199
"You'll never write that great
novel because you're a sick man...
954
00:59:52,200 --> 00:59:57,629
"Sick in the head and too
proud and scared to admit it.
955
00:59:57,630 --> 01:00:00,859
"In spite of the critics,
that last one was as sickly
956
01:00:00,860 --> 01:00:03,799
"a bucket of sentimental
slop as was ever scrubbed
957
01:00:03,800 --> 01:00:05,999
"off a barroom floor.
958
01:00:06,000 --> 01:00:09,899
"There's nothing I'd rather
see than you write a beauty
959
01:00:09,900 --> 01:00:14,099
"and there's nothing I'd rather
see than you act intelligently,
960
01:00:14,100 --> 01:00:17,329
"but until you do,
I'm gonna give you just
961
01:00:17,330 --> 01:00:21,029
"what you deserve, and in
extra-large handfuls to make up
962
01:00:21,030 --> 01:00:24,130
for the trouble
you've caused me."
963
01:00:26,560 --> 01:00:28,359
Man, as Hemingway: "I have
learned from your letters",
964
01:00:28,360 --> 01:00:31,399
"if I did not know it before,
that I am not always
965
01:00:31,400 --> 01:00:33,829
"a charming character.
966
01:00:33,830 --> 01:00:40,099
"But I am not a gin-soaked monster
going around ruining people's lives.
967
01:00:40,100 --> 01:00:42,999
"Your mother wrote me
before she died that
968
01:00:43,000 --> 01:00:46,499
"you still had flashes
of your old charm and decency
969
01:00:46,500 --> 01:00:49,459
"and that we should never give
up hope that you would come
970
01:00:49,460 --> 01:00:53,029
"through whatever was happening to you.
971
01:00:53,030 --> 01:00:57,629
"Right now, I could use a good flash
of your old charm and decency.
972
01:00:57,630 --> 01:01:03,759
I cannot use any more obscene
or threatening letters."
973
01:01:03,760 --> 01:01:06,459
Gregory would later apologize.
974
01:01:06,460 --> 01:01:10,529
"I didn't mean to say those
things," he wrote to his father.
975
01:01:10,530 --> 01:01:14,399
Hemingway wrote back,
"now everything is straight...
976
01:01:14,400 --> 01:01:16,929
"Not chicken like forgiveness.
977
01:01:16,930 --> 01:01:18,459
"Rubbed out.
978
01:01:18,460 --> 01:01:22,659
Any time you want to
show up, show up."
979
01:01:22,660 --> 01:01:28,229
That it is dangerous
to be the child of a writer is
980
01:01:28,230 --> 01:01:31,399
certainly sustainable.
981
01:01:31,400 --> 01:01:36,299
I think my younger brother
is as good an example as any.
982
01:01:36,300 --> 01:01:40,429
I mean, the most
graphic representation of this
983
01:01:40,430 --> 01:01:46,859
is a goya painting
"cronus eating his children."
984
01:01:46,860 --> 01:01:50,430
It's pretty good, you know.
985
01:01:57,530 --> 01:02:00,059
Man, as Hemingway: That night
when we had gone to our own beds
986
01:02:00,060 --> 01:02:04,659
but were not yet asleep,
we heard the lion roar.
987
01:02:04,660 --> 01:02:08,499
He was north of the camp and
the roar came low and mounting
988
01:02:08,500 --> 01:02:12,159
in heaviness and then ended in a sigh.
989
01:02:12,160 --> 01:02:15,559
"I'm coming in with you," Mary said.
990
01:02:15,560 --> 01:02:19,029
We lay close together in the
dark under the mosquito bar,
991
01:02:19,030 --> 01:02:21,399
my arm around her, and listened to him
992
01:02:21,400 --> 01:02:22,959
roar again.
993
01:02:25,060 --> 01:02:28,729
"There's no mistaking
when it's him," Mary said.
994
01:02:28,730 --> 01:02:32,100
"I'm glad we're in bed
together when we hear him."
995
01:02:33,830 --> 01:02:39,229
In the summer of 1953,
20 years after his first visit,
996
01:02:39,230 --> 01:02:43,329
Hemingway returned
to east Africa with Mary.
997
01:02:43,330 --> 01:02:46,459
For a month, they were the
sole foreigners permitted
998
01:02:46,460 --> 01:02:51,329
in the southern game reserve,
40 miles south of Nairobi.
999
01:02:51,330 --> 01:02:55,099
The Kenya government
had set him up on this.
1000
01:02:55,100 --> 01:02:58,529
They just had a major insurrection.
1001
01:02:58,530 --> 01:03:00,829
It was affecting tourism.
1002
01:03:00,830 --> 01:03:04,029
They wanted him to have a good time.
1003
01:03:04,030 --> 01:03:06,699
And boy was he having a good time!
1004
01:03:06,700 --> 01:03:10,059
Patrick now owned a
farm in east Africa and worked
1005
01:03:10,060 --> 01:03:13,999
as a guide and hunter, despite
a guerrilla uprising against
1006
01:03:14,000 --> 01:03:15,229
white colonial rule.
1007
01:03:17,130 --> 01:03:20,529
They hunted for a time, but
Hemingway was drinking even
1008
01:03:20,530 --> 01:03:24,699
more heavily than usual,
shot poorly, once fell
1009
01:03:24,700 --> 01:03:26,729
from his Jeep.
1010
01:03:26,730 --> 01:03:30,729
He finally stopped shooting
altogether, driving out from
1011
01:03:30,730 --> 01:03:35,199
camp instead each morning
with Mary, just to see
1012
01:03:35,200 --> 01:03:37,460
and photograph the animals.
1013
01:03:44,260 --> 01:03:48,229
"He loved Africa," a member
of his party remembered.
1014
01:03:48,230 --> 01:03:51,159
"He loved to sit in it and watch it.
1015
01:03:51,160 --> 01:03:55,159
He had natural knowledge of
what animals do and where
1016
01:03:55,160 --> 01:03:57,729
they should be."
1017
01:03:57,730 --> 01:04:01,429
Hemingway, I think,
was also really interested
1018
01:04:01,430 --> 01:04:04,899
in the people and who they
actually were, a lot more
1019
01:04:04,900 --> 01:04:07,459
interested than he was in the
thirties when he was just there
1020
01:04:07,460 --> 01:04:11,129
really to hunt and not
paying attention to what was
1021
01:04:11,130 --> 01:04:12,829
actually going on.
1022
01:04:12,830 --> 01:04:16,129
When Hemingway comes back, east Africa
1023
01:04:16,130 --> 01:04:20,429
in colonialism,
is literally under attack.
1024
01:04:20,430 --> 01:04:23,699
And he sees an Africa that is
less tolerant of some of the...
1025
01:04:23,700 --> 01:04:26,629
Behavior that he exhibited early on.
1026
01:04:26,630 --> 01:04:29,659
It was wrong to call,
say, those grown men who were
1027
01:04:29,660 --> 01:04:32,629
serving him, "boys" and not
wanting to actively get to
1028
01:04:32,630 --> 01:04:34,599
know them.
1029
01:04:34,600 --> 01:04:38,299
He now considered
the Kenyan guides and servants
1030
01:04:38,300 --> 01:04:40,029
"friends and brothers."
1031
01:04:40,030 --> 01:04:43,259
He wrote, "everyone had
his duties and everyone
1032
01:04:43,260 --> 01:04:45,799
had a name."
1033
01:04:45,800 --> 01:04:49,759
But when Mary went off to Nairobi
to do some Christmas shopping,
1034
01:04:49,760 --> 01:04:53,399
he somehow persuaded
himself that in her absence
1035
01:04:53,400 --> 01:04:58,299
he should join the wakamba
people and marry a young woman.
1036
01:04:58,300 --> 01:05:02,499
He shaved his head, dyed his
clothes to imitate theirs,
1037
01:05:02,500 --> 01:05:06,230
and tried hunting a
warthog with a spear.
1038
01:05:08,900 --> 01:05:13,729
Despite his bizarre behavior,
in Africa, he and Mary were as
1039
01:05:13,730 --> 01:05:17,029
close as they had ever been.
1040
01:05:17,030 --> 01:05:20,299
Man, as Hemingway: Mary is
a prince of devils,
1041
01:05:20,300 --> 01:05:23,659
and almost any place you
touch her it can kill both
1042
01:05:23,660 --> 01:05:25,529
you and her.
1043
01:05:25,530 --> 01:05:29,829
She has always wanted to be
a boy and thinks as a boy
1044
01:05:29,830 --> 01:05:32,759
without ever losing any femininity.
1045
01:05:32,760 --> 01:05:37,229
If you should become confused
on this, you should retire.
1046
01:05:37,230 --> 01:05:42,099
She loves me to be her girls,
which I love to be, not being
1047
01:05:42,100 --> 01:05:44,499
absolutely stupid.
1048
01:05:44,500 --> 01:05:47,929
In return, she makes me awards
1049
01:05:47,930 --> 01:05:51,099
and at night we do every sort
of thing which pleases her
1050
01:05:51,100 --> 01:05:53,329
and which pleases me.
1051
01:05:53,330 --> 01:05:55,399
I loved feeling the embrace
1052
01:05:55,400 --> 01:05:58,799
of Mary which came to me
as something quite new
1053
01:05:58,800 --> 01:06:02,429
and outside all tribal law.
1054
01:06:02,430 --> 01:06:07,199
On the night of December 19th,
we worked out these things
1055
01:06:07,200 --> 01:06:10,260
and I have never been happier.
1056
01:06:11,900 --> 01:06:15,929
As a Christmas gift
for his wife, Hemingway hired
1057
01:06:15,930 --> 01:06:20,729
a small plane that flew them
over the ngorongoro crater,
1058
01:06:20,730 --> 01:06:24,159
the mountains of the moon,
and the mighty murchison falls
1059
01:06:24,160 --> 01:06:26,959
in Uganda.
1060
01:06:26,960 --> 01:06:31,929
As the plane dipped low above the
gorge so Mary could take photographs,
1061
01:06:31,930 --> 01:06:35,159
the pilot encountered a flock of birds,
1062
01:06:35,160 --> 01:06:40,959
dove to avoid them,
and hit a telegraph line.
1063
01:06:40,960 --> 01:06:43,959
The plane plunged into the bush.
1064
01:06:43,960 --> 01:06:48,259
Mary was knocked unconscious,
two ribs broken.
1065
01:06:48,260 --> 01:06:51,429
Hemingway suffered a torn shoulder.
1066
01:06:51,430 --> 01:06:54,629
They spent the night high
above the bank of the nile
1067
01:06:54,630 --> 01:06:58,059
for fear of elephants,
fortified by a bottle
1068
01:06:58,060 --> 01:07:01,659
of scotch that had
somehow survived the crash
1069
01:07:01,660 --> 01:07:04,860
and listening to the cries of hyenas.
1070
01:07:07,260 --> 01:07:11,629
A search plane spotted the
wreckage but failed to see
1071
01:07:11,630 --> 01:07:13,560
the survivors.
1072
01:07:15,660 --> 01:07:19,429
Word quickly spread around the
world that the great writer
1073
01:07:19,430 --> 01:07:23,599
Ernest Hemingway was dead.
1074
01:07:23,600 --> 01:07:28,159
Meanwhile, Hemingway had
flagged down a passing launch
1075
01:07:28,160 --> 01:07:31,059
and when they reached a
landing on the eastern shore
1076
01:07:31,060 --> 01:07:34,859
of lake Albert, a policeman
and a bush pilot offered to
1077
01:07:34,860 --> 01:07:38,899
fly them on to the
Ugandan capital, Entebbe.
1078
01:07:38,900 --> 01:07:42,359
They climbed aboard.
1079
01:07:42,360 --> 01:07:45,959
But as the ancient plane
rattled down the rutted runway,
1080
01:07:45,960 --> 01:07:48,899
the fuel tank exploded in fire.
1081
01:07:51,130 --> 01:07:54,459
The pilot helped Mary and
the policeman get out through
1082
01:07:54,460 --> 01:07:55,999
the windows.
1083
01:07:56,000 --> 01:07:59,159
Hemingway was too big to follow them.
1084
01:07:59,160 --> 01:08:01,599
Twisted metal barred the door.
1085
01:08:01,600 --> 01:08:03,529
Flames were rising.
1086
01:08:03,530 --> 01:08:05,529
Hemingway was trapped.
1087
01:08:05,530 --> 01:08:09,699
He hurled his head against the
door again and again until
1088
01:08:09,700 --> 01:08:11,430
he battered it open.
1089
01:08:14,200 --> 01:08:18,099
He insisted to newsmen
gathered in Entebbe that he
1090
01:08:18,100 --> 01:08:19,829
had never felt better.
1091
01:08:19,830 --> 01:08:23,499
"My luck, she is still good," he said.
1092
01:08:23,500 --> 01:08:26,159
And he looked forward to
reading all the premature
1093
01:08:26,160 --> 01:08:28,929
obituaries that had
already been published
1094
01:08:28,930 --> 01:08:32,299
around the world.
1095
01:08:32,300 --> 01:08:35,759
Man, as Hemingway: In all
obituaries, or almost all,
1096
01:08:35,760 --> 01:08:41,359
it was emphasized that I had
sought death all my life.
1097
01:08:41,360 --> 01:08:45,629
Can one imagine that if a man
sought death all of his life
1098
01:08:45,630 --> 01:08:49,800
he could not have found
her before the age of 54?
1099
01:08:51,600 --> 01:08:57,059
Who else gets in two plane
crashes in two days in Africa,
1100
01:08:57,060 --> 01:09:00,059
has the word go out all over
the world that he's dead,
1101
01:09:00,060 --> 01:09:01,829
and reads his own obituaries?
1102
01:09:01,830 --> 01:09:03,599
No one does that.
1103
01:09:03,600 --> 01:09:05,499
Surviving two airplane crashes
1104
01:09:05,500 --> 01:09:08,599
in the interior of Africa,
Ernest Hemingway and his pilot
1105
01:09:08,600 --> 01:09:10,929
Roy march returned to
Nairobi in high fettle.
1106
01:09:10,930 --> 01:09:13,329
On the second crash,
Hemingway suffered a bad bump
1107
01:09:13,330 --> 01:09:14,929
on the head.
1108
01:09:14,930 --> 01:09:16,999
Mrs. Hemingway, however,
came through unscathed.
1109
01:09:21,430 --> 01:09:25,229
Despite Hemingway's
bravado, doctors confirmed
1110
01:09:25,230 --> 01:09:27,459
that he had nearly died.
1111
01:09:27,460 --> 01:09:31,259
His skull was fractured and
he had suffered still another
1112
01:09:31,260 --> 01:09:32,999
traumatic brain injury,
1113
01:09:33,000 --> 01:09:35,359
slurred speech, double-vision,
1114
01:09:35,360 --> 01:09:37,329
recurring deafness.
1115
01:09:37,330 --> 01:09:40,359
He had first-degree burns
on his head, face,
1116
01:09:40,360 --> 01:09:41,699
and hand, too,
1117
01:09:41,700 --> 01:09:43,529
two fractured vertebrae,
1118
01:09:43,530 --> 01:09:45,359
internal injuries,
1119
01:09:45,360 --> 01:09:50,159
right shoulder and arm and
left leg badly sprained.
1120
01:09:50,160 --> 01:09:53,999
He's never really quite the same again.
1121
01:09:54,000 --> 01:09:59,659
Depression, hallucinations,
and then a kind of reprieve.
1122
01:09:59,660 --> 01:10:02,829
He's able to do more work.
1123
01:10:02,830 --> 01:10:09,459
He's traveling about,
but we're at the beginning
1124
01:10:09,460 --> 01:10:12,729
of what is going to be the end.
1125
01:10:12,730 --> 01:10:16,829
He managed to
dictate a 15,000-word account
1126
01:10:16,830 --> 01:10:20,129
of what had happened for
"look" magazine, then traveled
1127
01:10:20,130 --> 01:10:24,259
with Mary to shimoni, a camp
on the Kenya coast where he
1128
01:10:24,260 --> 01:10:27,399
had planned to fish
with his son, Patrick.
1129
01:10:27,400 --> 01:10:29,729
But his pain proved too great.
1130
01:10:29,730 --> 01:10:32,759
Doctors warned him that he
was risking his life by
1131
01:10:32,760 --> 01:10:34,599
continuing to drink.
1132
01:10:34,600 --> 01:10:37,999
And something else was wrong, as well.
1133
01:10:38,000 --> 01:10:41,159
"Due to the cerebral thing,"
he wrote to a friend.
1134
01:10:41,160 --> 01:10:45,029
"I say terrible things
and hear myself say them.
1135
01:10:45,030 --> 01:10:47,499
It is no good."
1136
01:10:47,500 --> 01:10:51,799
Hemingway was fearful,
short-tempered, impatient,
1137
01:10:51,800 --> 01:10:55,799
so abusive to Mary that she
again threatened to leave him,
1138
01:10:55,800 --> 01:11:00,499
so vicious to his son
that Patrick did leave.
1139
01:11:00,500 --> 01:11:06,199
The atmosphere at shimoni was bad.
1140
01:11:06,200 --> 01:11:10,199
I mean my dad really...
1141
01:11:10,200 --> 01:11:11,699
I don't know.
1142
01:11:11,700 --> 01:11:14,299
I mean, it was like king lear.
1143
01:11:14,300 --> 01:11:16,899
And he's just, "what is going on here?"
1144
01:11:16,900 --> 01:11:19,229
"Aren't I king?" You know.
1145
01:11:19,230 --> 01:11:22,529
I sympathized with his problems,
1146
01:11:22,530 --> 01:11:26,659
but you have to show some restraint.
1147
01:11:26,660 --> 01:11:34,159
The last few weeks in Africa,
he just lost all restraint.
1148
01:11:34,160 --> 01:11:39,199
And for someone as powerful and as...
1149
01:11:39,200 --> 01:11:42,859
He... I really had enough.
1150
01:11:42,860 --> 01:11:44,800
And we never saw each other again.
1151
01:11:59,530 --> 01:12:01,959
The hemingways
eventually made their way
1152
01:12:01,960 --> 01:12:05,259
home to Cuba.
1153
01:12:05,260 --> 01:12:10,359
It was there, on the
evening of October 28, 1954,
1154
01:12:10,360 --> 01:12:13,229
that Ernest received
a call from a reporter
1155
01:12:13,230 --> 01:12:16,199
for united press international.
1156
01:12:16,200 --> 01:12:20,459
Hemingway had won what he
called "the Swedish thing"...
1157
01:12:20,460 --> 01:12:23,459
The nobel prize for literature.
1158
01:12:23,460 --> 01:12:26,629
His health would not permit
him to attend the ceremony
1159
01:12:26,630 --> 01:12:30,199
in Stockholm or even travel
to the Swedish embassy
1160
01:12:30,200 --> 01:12:33,759
in Washington to accept
the prize, so the Swedish
1161
01:12:33,760 --> 01:12:37,199
ambassador came to him, in Cuba.
1162
01:12:37,200 --> 01:12:41,629
Privately, Hemingway believed,
"no son of a bitch who ever
1163
01:12:41,630 --> 01:12:44,899
won the nobel prize ever
wrote anything worth
1164
01:12:44,900 --> 01:12:47,999
reading afterwards."
1165
01:12:48,000 --> 01:12:49,829
Tell me, do you plan to go to Sweden to
1166
01:12:49,830 --> 01:12:51,759
receive the award?
1167
01:12:51,760 --> 01:12:57,159
I'm sorry that I will not
be able to go to Sweden
1168
01:12:57,160 --> 01:13:01,699
on the orders of my doctor who says
1169
01:13:01,700 --> 01:13:04,729
I'm doing very well after...
1170
01:13:04,730 --> 01:13:06,999
He had always been terrified
1171
01:13:07,000 --> 01:13:10,259
of speaking in public,
but he reluctantly agreed
1172
01:13:10,260 --> 01:13:14,429
to be interviewed by nbc,
provided questions were
1173
01:13:14,430 --> 01:13:18,199
submitted in advance and he
could read out his answers
1174
01:13:18,200 --> 01:13:20,329
from cue cards.
Bad for me.
1175
01:13:20,330 --> 01:13:23,129
Do you have a name for your new novel?
1176
01:13:23,130 --> 01:13:26,759
I never have any
names for anything that
1177
01:13:26,760 --> 01:13:31,199
I publish until it is
time to publish it.
1178
01:13:31,200 --> 01:13:37,629
As I select a great many
names and then reject those,
1179
01:13:37,630 --> 01:13:40,859
which are worthless.
Period.
1180
01:13:40,860 --> 01:13:45,129
Most of them are worthless. Period.
1181
01:13:45,130 --> 01:13:47,829
Could you tell me a short
description of what
1182
01:13:47,830 --> 01:13:50,199
your new novel is about?
1183
01:13:50,200 --> 01:13:56,529
Uh... the book that I am
writing on at present is
1184
01:13:56,530 --> 01:13:58,200
about Africa...
1185
01:14:00,200 --> 01:14:07,099
Its people, in the park
that I know them,
1186
01:14:07,100 --> 01:14:10,059
the animals,
1187
01:14:10,060 --> 01:14:17,029
comma, and the changes in Africa
1188
01:14:17,030 --> 01:14:20,960
since I was
there last. Period.
1189
01:14:23,660 --> 01:14:26,999
Much later, he
was persuaded to record his
1190
01:14:27,000 --> 01:14:29,999
acceptance speech off-camera.
1191
01:14:30,000 --> 01:14:33,259
When he was given
the nobel prize, and he couldn't
1192
01:14:33,260 --> 01:14:36,929
go up 'cause of illness,
it was so strange.
1193
01:14:36,930 --> 01:14:39,699
What he wrote, it's so perfect.
1194
01:14:39,700 --> 01:14:41,800
It's like a prayer.
1195
01:14:44,300 --> 01:14:47,099
No writer who knows the great writers
1196
01:14:47,100 --> 01:14:50,599
who did not receive the prize
can accept it other than
1197
01:14:50,600 --> 01:14:52,629
with humility.
1198
01:14:52,630 --> 01:14:56,559
Writing, at its best, is a lonely life.
1199
01:14:56,560 --> 01:15:00,359
Organizations for writers
palliate the writer's
1200
01:15:00,360 --> 01:15:04,829
loneliness but I doubt if
they improve his writing.
1201
01:15:04,830 --> 01:15:09,629
He grows in public stature
as he sheds his loneliness,
1202
01:15:09,630 --> 01:15:12,060
and often his work deteriorates.
1203
01:15:14,300 --> 01:15:18,329
For he does his work alone and
if he is a good enough writer,
1204
01:15:18,330 --> 01:15:26,299
he must face eternity, or
the lack of it, each day.
1205
01:15:26,300 --> 01:15:30,599
It is because we have had such
great writers in the past that
1206
01:15:30,600 --> 01:15:34,759
a writer is driven far out
past where he can go, out to
1207
01:15:34,760 --> 01:15:37,659
where no one can help him.
1208
01:15:37,660 --> 01:15:40,659
I have spoken too long for a writer.
1209
01:15:40,660 --> 01:15:44,659
A writer should write what he
has to say and not speak it.
1210
01:15:44,660 --> 01:15:47,130
Again, I thank you.
1211
01:15:50,830 --> 01:15:53,959
Requests for interviews now poured in.
1212
01:15:53,960 --> 01:15:57,129
Magazines featured him on their covers.
1213
01:15:57,130 --> 01:16:01,199
Hollywood rushed to make a
remake of "a farewell to arms,"
1214
01:16:01,200 --> 01:16:04,529
a movie of "the sun
also rises" and another
1215
01:16:04,530 --> 01:16:07,759
of "the old man and the sea."
1216
01:16:07,760 --> 01:16:11,059
Biographers and movie stars
and autograph-seekers
1217
01:16:11,060 --> 01:16:13,059
flocked to see him.
1218
01:16:13,060 --> 01:16:16,799
He complained that sightseers
were turning up at the finca,
1219
01:16:16,800 --> 01:16:19,229
clamoring for a glimpse
of what he called
1220
01:16:19,230 --> 01:16:23,159
"the old elephant
in the zoo."
1221
01:16:23,160 --> 01:16:28,699
He was told again and
again to stop drinking.
1222
01:16:28,700 --> 01:16:31,799
The thing I know about alcoholism,
from personal experience,
1223
01:16:31,800 --> 01:16:34,699
is that it's progressive
and it's fatal.
1224
01:16:34,700 --> 01:16:36,399
And that means that it
gets worse and worse,
1225
01:16:36,400 --> 01:16:39,029
and then you die.
1226
01:16:39,030 --> 01:16:41,829
You either kill yourself, you
get put in jail, or you go to
1227
01:16:41,830 --> 01:16:43,959
the loony bin, but that's it.
1228
01:16:43,960 --> 01:16:49,659
Those are your 3 choices,
or you get sober.
1229
01:16:49,660 --> 01:16:52,829
When you have
head injury, your mind is...
1230
01:16:52,830 --> 01:16:55,229
And your body... are less
well-equipped to tolerate
1231
01:16:55,230 --> 01:16:57,229
the effects of alcohol.
1232
01:16:57,230 --> 01:17:01,629
It magnifies the disinhibition
and the problematic behaviors,
1233
01:17:01,630 --> 01:17:04,929
but you just tolerate it less well.
1234
01:17:04,930 --> 01:17:08,999
Doctors prescribed a
bewildering array of drugs to
1235
01:17:09,000 --> 01:17:12,559
combat high blood pressure,
lower cholesterol,
1236
01:17:12,560 --> 01:17:17,899
calm anxiety, encourage sleep,
lift his spirits.
1237
01:17:17,900 --> 01:17:22,399
Friends offered him unauthorized
prescription drugs, as well.
1238
01:17:22,400 --> 01:17:26,059
Their interactions with one
another and with alcohol
1239
01:17:26,060 --> 01:17:29,899
likely exacerbated his
depression and delusions
1240
01:17:29,900 --> 01:17:32,229
and paranoia.
1241
01:17:32,230 --> 01:17:35,759
He's self-medicating
with pretty much anything he
1242
01:17:35,760 --> 01:17:38,529
can lay hands on.
1243
01:17:38,530 --> 01:17:42,059
He's using synthetic
testosterone, which is
1244
01:17:42,060 --> 01:17:44,759
a street drug in Spanish
cultures 'cause he's
1245
01:17:44,760 --> 01:17:47,459
struggling with impotence
because of all the ways he's
1246
01:17:47,460 --> 01:17:48,959
abused his body.
1247
01:17:48,960 --> 01:17:51,599
He's bouncing from doctor to doctor.
1248
01:17:51,600 --> 01:17:53,129
There's not a doctor he didn't see
1249
01:17:53,130 --> 01:17:55,059
who wouldn't give him something.
1250
01:17:55,060 --> 01:17:56,659
It's bad.
You know, people say
1251
01:17:56,660 --> 01:17:58,629
that the people in this world that get
1252
01:17:58,630 --> 01:18:01,359
the worst medical care are
either the very poor
1253
01:18:01,360 --> 01:18:04,359
or celebrities because
celebrities can have whatever
1254
01:18:04,360 --> 01:18:06,999
they ask the doctor for and
the doctor won't say "no"
1255
01:18:07,000 --> 01:18:12,229
or discipline them,
so he's in big trouble.
1256
01:18:12,230 --> 01:18:14,699
It doesn't sound
like the doctor said, "look,
1257
01:18:14,700 --> 01:18:16,799
you seem to be manic,"
1258
01:18:16,800 --> 01:18:18,199
or "look, you seem to be"
1259
01:18:18,200 --> 01:18:20,559
"really a little crazy now.
1260
01:18:20,560 --> 01:18:22,659
I'm gonna give you
this to help with it."
1261
01:18:22,660 --> 01:18:24,829
Nobody says anything.
1262
01:18:24,830 --> 01:18:27,999
There's a huge taboo so that
a husband and wife don't even
1263
01:18:28,000 --> 01:18:29,699
talk about it.
1264
01:18:29,700 --> 01:18:32,059
There's so much stigma
attached to it that
1265
01:18:32,060 --> 01:18:34,829
nobody gets help for him.
1266
01:18:36,630 --> 01:18:38,559
Meanwhile, revolutionaries,
1267
01:18:38,560 --> 01:18:40,359
led by fidel Castro,
1268
01:18:40,360 --> 01:18:43,229
were waging war
against the Cuban dictator
1269
01:18:43,230 --> 01:18:45,699
fulgencio Batista.
1270
01:18:45,700 --> 01:18:49,199
A government patrol came onto
Hemingway's property searching
1271
01:18:49,200 --> 01:18:54,199
for rebels and bludgeoned to
death one of the family dogs.
1272
01:18:54,200 --> 01:18:58,199
Through it all, Hemingway
continued to write, but now
1273
01:18:58,200 --> 01:19:00,559
seemed unable to complete anything.
1274
01:19:00,560 --> 01:19:04,759
A novel about sailing off bimini,
that after his death would
1275
01:19:04,760 --> 01:19:07,499
become "islands
in the stream;"
1276
01:19:07,500 --> 01:19:09,429
800 pages of a book
1277
01:19:09,430 --> 01:19:13,559
inspired by his second African
safari, parts of which would
1278
01:19:13,560 --> 01:19:17,329
one day be published as
"true at first light;"
1279
01:19:17,330 --> 01:19:21,929
and 42 chapters of "the garden
of Eden", a novel he himself
1280
01:19:21,930 --> 01:19:25,099
thought too sexually
adventurous to be published
1281
01:19:25,100 --> 01:19:27,859
during his lifetime.
1282
01:19:27,860 --> 01:19:31,429
The fact that Hemingway once again,
1283
01:19:31,430 --> 01:19:37,259
the artist, is really pushing
out, is experimenting,
1284
01:19:37,260 --> 01:19:41,399
is doing things that some
people would find shocking
1285
01:19:41,400 --> 01:19:45,399
about Ernest Hemingway...
The fetish about hair,
1286
01:19:45,400 --> 01:19:49,429
the "you be me, I'll be you,"
the switching of roles.
1287
01:19:49,430 --> 01:19:54,129
And he's not hiding
himself very much in it.
1288
01:19:54,130 --> 01:19:57,959
I think this is really quite
something for a man who has
1289
01:19:57,960 --> 01:20:00,429
been trying to maintain
a certain persona
1290
01:20:00,430 --> 01:20:03,929
for the majority of his life.
1291
01:20:03,930 --> 01:20:07,529
Maybe he wasn't trying
to maintain it, you know.
1292
01:20:07,530 --> 01:20:09,929
Here we go with the enigma again.
1293
01:20:09,930 --> 01:20:14,399
Where are we and what's happening
and where are you, Ernest?
1294
01:20:14,400 --> 01:20:15,929
Where are you with all of this?
1295
01:20:15,930 --> 01:20:17,830
What's going on?
1296
01:20:22,260 --> 01:20:25,099
Man, as Hemingway: I sat in
a corner with the afternoon
1297
01:20:25,100 --> 01:20:28,099
light coming in over
my shoulder and wrote
1298
01:20:28,100 --> 01:20:30,099
in the notebook.
1299
01:20:30,100 --> 01:20:34,259
The waiter brought me a cafe
creme, and I drank half of it
1300
01:20:34,260 --> 01:20:38,629
when it cooled and left it
on the table while I wrote.
1301
01:20:38,630 --> 01:20:41,859
When I stopped writing, I did
not want to leave the river
1302
01:20:41,860 --> 01:20:46,799
where I could see the trout in
the pool, its surface pushing
1303
01:20:46,800 --> 01:20:49,129
and swelling smooth against
the resistance of the
1304
01:20:49,130 --> 01:20:53,259
log-driven piles of the bridge,
1305
01:20:53,260 --> 01:20:57,099
but in the morning
the river would be there.
1306
01:20:57,100 --> 01:21:00,759
All I must do now is stay
sound and good in my head
1307
01:21:00,760 --> 01:21:03,460
until morning when
I would start to work again.
1308
01:21:05,130 --> 01:21:08,399
In those days, we never
thought that any of that could
1309
01:21:08,400 --> 01:21:09,930
be difficult.
1310
01:21:11,300 --> 01:21:15,259
In early 1957,
he returned to yet another
1311
01:21:15,260 --> 01:21:18,759
project, a series of
loving sketches of Paris
1312
01:21:18,760 --> 01:21:22,659
in the 1920s, when he was
young and everything still
1313
01:21:22,660 --> 01:21:24,829
seemed possible.
1314
01:21:24,830 --> 01:21:28,729
In it, he also settled
scores with old friends...
1315
01:21:28,730 --> 01:21:32,159
Scores that didn't seem
to need settling...
1316
01:21:32,160 --> 01:21:36,429
Attacking gertrude Stein,
ridiculing Scott Fitzgerald,
1317
01:21:36,430 --> 01:21:41,229
both of whom had helped him,
each of them long dead.
1318
01:21:41,230 --> 01:21:46,259
Hemingway was the hero of his
book, his first wife Hadley,
1319
01:21:46,260 --> 01:21:48,459
the unblemished heroine,
1320
01:21:48,460 --> 01:21:50,829
pauline pfeiffer, his second wife,
1321
01:21:50,830 --> 01:21:53,899
the woman who came between them.
1322
01:21:53,900 --> 01:21:58,999
Hemingway would never complete
the manuscript, but, edited by Mary,
1323
01:21:59,000 --> 01:22:02,529
it would be published after his death.
1324
01:22:02,530 --> 01:22:07,029
For many readers, "a moveable
feast," a combination of what
1325
01:22:07,030 --> 01:22:10,699
had really happened and what
Hemingway wished had happened,
1326
01:22:10,700 --> 01:22:13,360
would be his final masterpiece.
1327
01:22:15,100 --> 01:22:18,499
Man, as Hemingway: Paris was a
very old city and we were young
1328
01:22:18,500 --> 01:22:22,099
and nothing was simple
there, not even poverty,
1329
01:22:22,100 --> 01:22:26,759
nor sudden money, nor
the moonlight, nor right
1330
01:22:26,760 --> 01:22:29,859
and wrong, nor the breathing
of someone who lay beside you
1331
01:22:29,860 --> 01:22:31,730
in the moonlight.
1332
01:22:39,160 --> 01:22:42,829
In the spring of
1959, the hemingways traveled
1333
01:22:42,830 --> 01:22:46,829
back to his beloved Spain
and settled into the opulent
1334
01:22:46,830 --> 01:22:50,159
hacienda of a wealthy
celebrity-loving American
1335
01:22:50,160 --> 01:22:52,929
on the costa del sol.
1336
01:22:52,930 --> 01:22:56,659
The two finest matadors in
Spain were to compete against
1337
01:22:56,660 --> 01:23:00,999
one another in bullrings
all across the country.
1338
01:23:01,000 --> 01:23:05,229
Hemingway hoped they would
provide material for a revised
1339
01:23:05,230 --> 01:23:09,599
edition of "death in the
afternoon," but when the
1340
01:23:09,600 --> 01:23:13,199
editors of "life" got wind of
his trip, they asked him to
1341
01:23:13,200 --> 01:23:15,660
write a stand-alone piece.
1342
01:23:20,300 --> 01:23:26,429
Valencia, granada, Bilbao,
1343
01:23:26,430 --> 01:23:29,529
linares, cordoba...
1344
01:23:29,530 --> 01:23:34,559
The bullfights went on and on,
with Hemingway and a cavalcade
1345
01:23:34,560 --> 01:23:37,929
of hard-drinking friends
and hangers-on following
1346
01:23:37,930 --> 01:23:40,029
in their wake.
1347
01:23:40,030 --> 01:23:43,729
Everywhere he went, the
author of "the sun also rises"
1348
01:23:43,730 --> 01:23:49,029
was treated as something
like a patron Saint,
1349
01:23:49,030 --> 01:23:52,429
but the frenzied season exhausted him.
1350
01:23:52,430 --> 01:23:55,899
After the bullfights had
ended, a friend remembered,
1351
01:23:55,900 --> 01:23:59,199
he seemed like
"an old man, world-weary,
1352
01:23:59,200 --> 01:24:02,599
his eyes half-closed."
1353
01:24:02,600 --> 01:24:05,499
When he finally got back
to Cuba and tried to write
1354
01:24:05,500 --> 01:24:09,329
about his experiences,
his old-time discipline seemed
1355
01:24:09,330 --> 01:24:11,829
to have deserted him.
1356
01:24:11,830 --> 01:24:14,899
"Life" had asked for 40,000 words.
1357
01:24:14,900 --> 01:24:20,129
He produced 120,000 and
then had to ask a friend
1358
01:24:20,130 --> 01:24:21,700
to do the cutting.
1359
01:24:23,030 --> 01:24:27,499
Ernest Hemingway, who had once
been his own most unforgiving
1360
01:24:27,500 --> 01:24:32,159
editor, no longer seemed able
to separate what mattered
1361
01:24:32,160 --> 01:24:35,360
in his writing from what did not.
1362
01:24:40,200 --> 01:24:43,399
Havana, bearing 26th of July banners,
1363
01:24:43,400 --> 01:24:46,499
joyous followers of fidel
Castro sweep triumphantly
1364
01:24:46,500 --> 01:24:49,359
through the Cuban capital
hours after their rebellion
1365
01:24:49,360 --> 01:24:52,499
had toppled the regime
of fulgencio Batista.
1366
01:24:52,500 --> 01:24:56,229
Hemingway sympathized
with Castro's revolution.
1367
01:24:56,230 --> 01:24:59,229
It reminded him
of the loyalist cause he had
1368
01:24:59,230 --> 01:25:01,099
supported in Spain.
1369
01:25:01,100 --> 01:25:03,629
That brought Batista to power.
1370
01:25:03,630 --> 01:25:06,229
Still, before leaving for Spain,
1371
01:25:06,230 --> 01:25:09,229
he and Mary had bought
a house in ketchum, Idaho,
1372
01:25:09,230 --> 01:25:13,929
where Ernest had hunted
and fished for years.
1373
01:25:13,930 --> 01:25:17,759
It was meant as a fall-back
in case it became difficult to
1374
01:25:17,760 --> 01:25:21,259
return to Cuba.
1375
01:25:21,260 --> 01:25:25,229
Man, as Hemingway: I am a good
American and have been to bat
1376
01:25:25,230 --> 01:25:28,099
for my country as often
as most, without pay
1377
01:25:28,100 --> 01:25:30,099
and without ambition.
1378
01:25:30,100 --> 01:25:33,229
But I believe completely
in the historical necessity
1379
01:25:33,230 --> 01:25:35,359
of the Cuban revolution.
1380
01:25:35,360 --> 01:25:40,729
I do not mix in Cuban politics.
I keep my mouth shut about it
1381
01:25:40,730 --> 01:25:45,329
and have not given an interview
to an American newspaper man.
1382
01:25:45,330 --> 01:25:47,329
There is nothing I can say that
1383
01:25:47,330 --> 01:25:50,760
would not be misinterpreted or twisted.
1384
01:25:52,700 --> 01:25:56,759
One evening in
January 1960, the hemingways
1385
01:25:56,760 --> 01:25:59,329
dined with friends in ketchum.
1386
01:25:59,330 --> 01:26:02,499
From their dining table,
Hemingway saw that the lights
1387
01:26:02,500 --> 01:26:05,159
in the bank downtown were on.
1388
01:26:05,160 --> 01:26:07,329
He became agitated.
1389
01:26:07,330 --> 01:26:09,929
"They're checking our
accounts," he said.
1390
01:26:09,930 --> 01:26:13,629
They tried to reassure him
it was just the cleaning ladies.
1391
01:26:13,630 --> 01:26:16,529
"No," he said.
"They're trying to catch us.
1392
01:26:16,530 --> 01:26:18,999
They want to get
something on us."
1393
01:26:19,000 --> 01:26:21,799
"Who's 'they?'" Mary asked.
1394
01:26:21,800 --> 01:26:24,759
"The FBI," he replied.
1395
01:26:24,760 --> 01:26:29,359
Mary had never seen him so fearful.
1396
01:26:29,360 --> 01:26:33,359
He develops
depression that's so extreme,
1397
01:26:33,360 --> 01:26:34,959
I don't think it's something
1398
01:26:34,960 --> 01:26:38,629
that most people see in their lifetime.
1399
01:26:38,630 --> 01:26:40,799
His father had it, too.
1400
01:26:40,800 --> 01:26:45,529
And I think it's a kind of
psychotic depression.
1401
01:26:45,530 --> 01:26:48,859
He began again to
speak of killing himself,
1402
01:26:48,860 --> 01:26:52,529
but refused to go to a
psychiatric hospital.
1403
01:26:52,530 --> 01:26:56,959
He wanted it hidden.
He wouldn't go to any kind
1404
01:26:56,960 --> 01:26:59,299
of psychiatric place,
which would have been
1405
01:26:59,300 --> 01:27:00,829
a better place.
1406
01:27:00,830 --> 01:27:02,829
He went to the Mayo clinic.
1407
01:27:02,830 --> 01:27:05,099
The story went out that
he was there getting treated
1408
01:27:05,100 --> 01:27:06,899
for high blood pressure.
1409
01:27:06,900 --> 01:27:09,929
Well, he might have believed
that, even, you know?
1410
01:27:09,930 --> 01:27:12,629
To some extent, Mary
might have believed it.
1411
01:27:12,630 --> 01:27:15,859
But he was being treated for
mental illness and nobody was
1412
01:27:15,860 --> 01:27:17,760
admitting it.
1413
01:27:19,700 --> 01:27:22,629
He registered under
an assumed name because,
1414
01:27:22,630 --> 01:27:25,729
he said, he didn't want the
world to think "I was losing
1415
01:27:25,730 --> 01:27:28,129
my marbles."
1416
01:27:28,130 --> 01:27:31,699
But soon, he had a sign
hung on his door saying,
1417
01:27:31,700 --> 01:27:35,959
"former writer.
Do not disturb."
1418
01:27:35,960 --> 01:27:37,899
It's got to be distracting to have
1419
01:27:37,900 --> 01:27:39,829
the celebrity patient.
1420
01:27:39,830 --> 01:27:42,829
I think that's why the
boundaries got blurred, why he
1421
01:27:42,830 --> 01:27:44,899
was allowed to drink wine
in the hospital at Mayo,
1422
01:27:44,900 --> 01:27:47,999
why he was allowed over to
the homes of the doctors
1423
01:27:48,000 --> 01:27:50,699
for dinner, or to go shooting
with the doctors...
1424
01:27:50,700 --> 01:27:53,699
Things that would be
completely off-limits now
1425
01:27:53,700 --> 01:27:56,859
and a real violation of boundaries.
1426
01:27:56,860 --> 01:27:59,959
Hemingway's doctors
repeatedly administered the
1427
01:27:59,960 --> 01:28:02,699
standard treatment
for severe depression...
1428
01:28:02,700 --> 01:28:06,729
Electro-shock therapy, ect.
1429
01:28:06,730 --> 01:28:08,759
You could see the impulse to treat him
1430
01:28:08,760 --> 01:28:12,099
with shock therapy, which is a
great therapy if all you have
1431
01:28:12,100 --> 01:28:15,099
is major depression with
psychotic features.
1432
01:28:15,100 --> 01:28:17,999
Certainly, he had depression.
Certainly, he had psychosis.
1433
01:28:18,000 --> 01:28:20,059
But they were just manifestations
1434
01:28:20,060 --> 01:28:22,599
of a larger illness.
1435
01:28:22,600 --> 01:28:26,959
Hemingway had also
survived several concussions,
1436
01:28:26,960 --> 01:28:30,329
which may have permanently
injured his brain, altering
1437
01:28:30,330 --> 01:28:34,099
his personality and
corrupting his reasoning.
1438
01:28:34,100 --> 01:28:38,259
His mind was already muddled
by decades of drinking too much
1439
01:28:38,260 --> 01:28:41,459
and by a jumble of
medications meant to combat
1440
01:28:41,460 --> 01:28:44,759
all the damage alcohol
had done to both his body
1441
01:28:44,760 --> 01:28:47,099
and his mind.
1442
01:28:47,100 --> 01:28:50,559
He had entertained thoughts
of suicide since at least his
1443
01:28:50,560 --> 01:28:55,229
late teens, long before his
father took his own life.
1444
01:28:55,230 --> 01:28:58,829
But Hemingway could still
summon enough of his old charm
1445
01:28:58,830 --> 01:29:02,799
to reassure his doctors
that after just 6 weeks
1446
01:29:02,800 --> 01:29:07,629
in the hospital his paranoia
and delusions had abated,
1447
01:29:07,630 --> 01:29:10,560
that his depression had lifted.
1448
01:29:11,900 --> 01:29:17,129
In January of 1961, he was
released from the hospital
1449
01:29:17,130 --> 01:29:20,429
and returned to ketchum.
1450
01:29:20,430 --> 01:29:23,859
He went to his writing
table each morning, ordering
1451
01:29:23,860 --> 01:29:26,329
and reordering the chapters
that would become
1452
01:29:26,330 --> 01:29:28,259
"a moveable feast."
1453
01:29:28,260 --> 01:29:31,799
In the afternoons, he would
take a long walk and wave
1454
01:29:31,800 --> 01:29:35,959
at local children on their
way home from school.
1455
01:29:35,960 --> 01:29:40,159
But the clouds soon closed in again.
1456
01:29:40,160 --> 01:29:43,829
A common side-effect of
electroshock therapy was loss
1457
01:29:43,830 --> 01:29:46,329
of short-term memory.
1458
01:29:46,330 --> 01:29:49,659
The doctors had assured him
it was only temporary.
1459
01:29:49,660 --> 01:29:52,299
He did not believe them.
1460
01:29:52,300 --> 01:29:55,129
Writing was what he was born to do,
1461
01:29:55,130 --> 01:29:58,199
and he had hoped one
day to do more of it,
1462
01:29:58,200 --> 01:30:01,530
but he no longer
believed he ever would.
1463
01:30:02,960 --> 01:30:04,799
Man, as Hemingway: When he
finally gave up writing
1464
01:30:04,800 --> 01:30:07,559
that day, it was afternoon.
1465
01:30:07,560 --> 01:30:10,659
He had started a sentence as
soon as he had gone into his
1466
01:30:10,660 --> 01:30:14,229
working room and had completed
it but he could write
1467
01:30:14,230 --> 01:30:16,659
nothing after it.
1468
01:30:16,660 --> 01:30:21,399
He crossed it out and started
another sentence and again
1469
01:30:21,400 --> 01:30:24,030
came to the complete blankness.
1470
01:30:25,600 --> 01:30:28,499
It was impossible for him
to put down the next
1471
01:30:28,500 --> 01:30:30,599
sentence on paper.
1472
01:30:30,600 --> 01:30:34,199
At the end of two hours
it was the same.
1473
01:30:34,200 --> 01:30:37,199
He could not write more than
a single sentence,
1474
01:30:37,200 --> 01:30:41,059
and the sentences themselves
were increasingly simple
1475
01:30:41,060 --> 01:30:44,059
and completely dull.
1476
01:30:44,060 --> 01:30:48,159
He kept at it for 4 hours
before he knew that resolution
1477
01:30:48,160 --> 01:30:52,429
as powerless against what had happened.
1478
01:30:52,430 --> 01:30:58,259
He had been so ground
down that he lacked that...
1479
01:30:58,260 --> 01:31:02,429
Just the strength,
the psychic strength.
1480
01:31:02,430 --> 01:31:07,099
He describes in the bullring
the bull's journey of knowledge.
1481
01:31:07,100 --> 01:31:10,559
Initially, they go for the cape.
1482
01:31:10,560 --> 01:31:13,299
And then, by the end of
the bullfight, they've lost
1483
01:31:13,300 --> 01:31:19,229
so much blood they can't
lift their head to charge.
1484
01:31:19,230 --> 01:31:22,799
And I was thinking about
him as this tragic figure.
1485
01:31:22,800 --> 01:31:26,399
He must have felt very cornered.
1486
01:31:26,400 --> 01:31:29,559
In late February,
he was asked to write a line
1487
01:31:29,560 --> 01:31:33,629
or two of tribute to the
new president, John F. Kennedy.
1488
01:31:33,630 --> 01:31:37,299
It took him a week to produce 4 lines.
1489
01:31:37,300 --> 01:31:40,759
When his doctor came to take
his blood pressure, he found
1490
01:31:40,760 --> 01:31:44,359
Hemingway weeping with frustration.
1491
01:31:44,360 --> 01:31:47,629
In march, he telephoned
his first wife, Hadley.
1492
01:31:47,630 --> 01:31:51,729
They had not seen one
another for 22 years.
1493
01:31:51,730 --> 01:31:54,029
There was nothing
disturbing in what he said,
1494
01:31:54,030 --> 01:31:55,859
she remembered.
1495
01:31:55,860 --> 01:31:58,099
He asked if she could remember
the name of someone
1496
01:31:58,100 --> 01:32:01,929
they'd known in Paris
and she couldn't recall it.
1497
01:32:01,930 --> 01:32:05,599
But his voice seemed so sad, so weary,
1498
01:32:05,600 --> 01:32:09,800
that when they hung up,
she found herself in tears.
1499
01:32:12,960 --> 01:32:18,459
In April of 1961, the CIA
sponsored an invasion of Cuba
1500
01:32:18,460 --> 01:32:21,559
at the bay of pigs, in an
attempt to overthrow
1501
01:32:21,560 --> 01:32:25,299
the revolutionary government
of fidel Castro.
1502
01:32:25,300 --> 01:32:29,099
It failed, ending any
possibility of normal
1503
01:32:29,100 --> 01:32:33,359
relations between the
United States and Cuba.
1504
01:32:33,360 --> 01:32:37,699
The bay of pigs is really
the coup de grace, isn't it?
1505
01:32:37,700 --> 01:32:41,759
There is now no illusion, if
there was any in the beginning,
1506
01:32:41,760 --> 01:32:45,599
about "maybe this will blow
over and I can get back there."
1507
01:32:45,600 --> 01:32:47,159
That's now done.
1508
01:32:47,160 --> 01:32:48,660
That's now done.
1509
01:32:50,000 --> 01:32:52,129
It is clear that the forces
1510
01:32:52,130 --> 01:32:55,699
of communism are not to be
underestimated in Cuba.
1511
01:32:55,700 --> 01:32:58,499
He had lost his home,
1512
01:32:58,500 --> 01:33:01,029
he had lost everything in that home...
1513
01:33:01,030 --> 01:33:04,359
Will not accept Mr. Castro's
attempts to blame this nation...
1514
01:33:04,360 --> 01:33:07,099
He lost his books...
1515
01:33:07,100 --> 01:33:09,859
He lost his art,
1516
01:33:09,860 --> 01:33:12,329
he lost his pets,
1517
01:33:12,330 --> 01:33:14,259
he lost his community...
1518
01:33:14,260 --> 01:33:15,559
Lesson for us all...
1519
01:33:15,560 --> 01:33:17,329
He lost his boat "Pilar,"
1520
01:33:17,330 --> 01:33:20,729
he lost the lifestyle
where he could go fishing.
1521
01:33:20,730 --> 01:33:23,499
He lost everything that he had,
1522
01:33:23,500 --> 01:33:27,729
and he knew in that moment
that he could not go back,
1523
01:33:27,730 --> 01:33:31,329
that that was done.
1524
01:33:31,330 --> 01:33:36,600
And he was marooned in this very
spare little block house in Idaho.
1525
01:33:38,230 --> 01:33:41,629
On April 21st, Mary found Ernest
1526
01:33:41,630 --> 01:33:45,859
in the vestibule holding a shotgun.
1527
01:33:45,860 --> 01:33:50,199
Two shells were within
reach on the window-sill.
1528
01:33:50,200 --> 01:33:53,959
She managed to talk him down,
telling him how much he meant
1529
01:33:53,960 --> 01:33:57,859
to her and his boys, how brave
he'd been during the war,
1530
01:33:57,860 --> 01:34:01,759
how much they both wanted
to go back again to Africa.
1531
01:34:01,760 --> 01:34:05,129
She insisted he return
to the Mayo clinic.
1532
01:34:05,130 --> 01:34:08,399
When the private plane she
had arranged to take him there
1533
01:34:08,400 --> 01:34:12,429
stopped to refuel in rapid
city, he tried to walk into
1534
01:34:12,430 --> 01:34:15,199
a spinning propeller.
1535
01:34:15,200 --> 01:34:20,459
This time, he was given a
room in the locked ward.
1536
01:34:20,460 --> 01:34:24,759
He underwent a second series
of electro-shock treatments.
1537
01:34:24,760 --> 01:34:28,260
His memory deteriorated further.
1538
01:34:29,560 --> 01:34:31,899
One of the last
conversations that I had
1539
01:34:31,900 --> 01:34:36,559
with Ernest, I had a rented
Chevy and got permission that
1540
01:34:36,560 --> 01:34:38,659
he could leave the hospital.
1541
01:34:38,660 --> 01:34:41,729
And we drove to a little place
that was a sort of a little
1542
01:34:41,730 --> 01:34:43,559
park-like place.
1543
01:34:43,560 --> 01:34:46,129
He got out so there was
no question that there was
1544
01:34:46,130 --> 01:34:47,760
anything bugged.
1545
01:34:50,560 --> 01:34:54,229
And I was trying to...
To be positive.
1546
01:34:54,230 --> 01:34:58,759
And I said, "listen, soon as
you finish up here, why don't we
1547
01:34:58,760 --> 01:35:01,299
go fish down there?"
1548
01:35:01,300 --> 01:35:02,859
And he turned on me.
1549
01:35:02,860 --> 01:35:06,129
He said, "you don't
seem to understand."
1550
01:35:06,130 --> 01:35:11,359
He said, "what have I got
to be hanging around for?"
1551
01:35:11,360 --> 01:35:13,529
In late June,
1552
01:35:13,530 --> 01:35:16,959
Mary got a phone call
from the Mayo clinic.
1553
01:35:16,960 --> 01:35:19,799
The doctor told her he had good news.
1554
01:35:19,800 --> 01:35:22,799
Ernest was ready to go home.
1555
01:35:22,800 --> 01:35:25,829
When she arrived, her husband
was already dressed
1556
01:35:25,830 --> 01:35:28,059
in his street clothes, she remembered,
1557
01:35:28,060 --> 01:35:31,099
"grinning like
a cheshire cat."
1558
01:35:31,100 --> 01:35:33,159
Mary was not convinced,
1559
01:35:33,160 --> 01:35:35,529
but she did not put up a fight.
1560
01:35:35,530 --> 01:35:40,429
An old friend drove
them back to ketchum.
1561
01:35:40,430 --> 01:35:45,299
Hemingway's paranoia quickly
manifested itself again.
1562
01:35:45,300 --> 01:35:49,359
On Saturday evening, July 1st,
the hemingways and a friend
1563
01:35:49,360 --> 01:35:51,499
drove into town for dinner.
1564
01:35:51,500 --> 01:35:55,159
Ernest was sure two strangers
sitting at the bar were
1565
01:35:55,160 --> 01:35:56,829
federal agents.
1566
01:35:56,830 --> 01:35:59,230
Mary couldn't convince him otherwise.
1567
01:36:00,930 --> 01:36:03,929
But when he went to his
bedroom that evening
1568
01:36:03,930 --> 01:36:07,429
and called out to her,
"good night, my kitten,"
1569
01:36:07,430 --> 01:36:09,759
"his voice was warm and friendly,"
1570
01:36:09,760 --> 01:36:11,699
she remembered.
1571
01:36:11,700 --> 01:36:15,159
Mary had left the keys to the
basement cabinet where his
1572
01:36:15,160 --> 01:36:18,999
guns were kept out in the
open in the kitchen, just as
1573
01:36:19,000 --> 01:36:21,029
they had always been.
1574
01:36:21,030 --> 01:36:24,159
She considered hiding them,
she later recalled,
1575
01:36:24,160 --> 01:36:27,599
but "decided that no one
had a right to deny a man
1576
01:36:27,600 --> 01:36:29,300
his possessions."
1577
01:36:31,400 --> 01:36:37,559
At about 7:00 the next morning,
Sunday, July 2, 1961,
1578
01:36:37,560 --> 01:36:42,459
Mary was awakened by a loud bang.
1579
01:36:42,460 --> 01:36:46,529
Hemingway, still wearing
his bathrobe and slippers,
1580
01:36:46,530 --> 01:36:50,299
had slipped down to the
basement, retrieved a shotgun
1581
01:36:50,300 --> 01:36:54,729
and two shells, and climbed
back up to the vestibule.
1582
01:36:54,730 --> 01:36:58,359
There, he had bent over,
placed the twin barrels
1583
01:36:58,360 --> 01:37:03,259
against his forehead
and pulled the trigger.
1584
01:37:03,260 --> 01:37:06,460
He was 61 years old.
1585
01:37:08,360 --> 01:37:09,929
Good evening.
1586
01:37:09,930 --> 01:37:13,099
The novelist Ernest Hemingway is dead.
1587
01:37:13,100 --> 01:37:16,129
The reports from his home
in ketchum, Idaho are sparse
1588
01:37:16,130 --> 01:37:18,829
and not very clear, but we
know that he killed himself,
1589
01:37:18,830 --> 01:37:22,499
the sheriff says accidentally,
with a 12-Gauge shotgun.
1590
01:37:22,500 --> 01:37:26,029
Hemingway only last week was
discharged from the Mayo clinic
1591
01:37:26,030 --> 01:37:28,299
in Rochester, Minnesota,
where he had been treated
1592
01:37:28,300 --> 01:37:30,259
for high blood pressure.
1593
01:37:30,260 --> 01:37:32,929
This morning, the nobel
prize-winning novelist was alone
1594
01:37:32,930 --> 01:37:35,399
in his room, preparing to
go hunting, when the fatal
1595
01:37:35,400 --> 01:37:37,100
accident occurred.
1596
01:37:38,400 --> 01:37:41,629
He was a literary man who
probably had more influence
1597
01:37:41,630 --> 01:37:44,429
on the style of the writing of
novels than any other writer
1598
01:37:44,430 --> 01:37:46,299
in the 20th century.
1599
01:37:46,300 --> 01:37:49,599
That was partly because of
the way he wrote, the terse,
1600
01:37:49,600 --> 01:37:54,259
often flat and sardonic style,
almost painfully masculine.
1601
01:37:54,260 --> 01:37:57,659
He was less an individual than
a character, less a person
1602
01:37:57,660 --> 01:37:59,459
than an institution.
1603
01:37:59,460 --> 01:38:02,059
He worshipped virility and
a small religion grew up
1604
01:38:02,060 --> 01:38:03,899
about him.
1605
01:38:03,900 --> 01:38:07,459
Hemingway's place in literature,
I think cannot now be fixed.
1606
01:38:07,460 --> 01:38:10,199
We don't know which of
his books will live.
1607
01:38:10,200 --> 01:38:13,559
We suspect that "a farewell to
arms," the tenderest and most
1608
01:38:13,560 --> 01:38:15,329
moving of them will live.
1609
01:38:15,330 --> 01:38:18,029
We believe that some of
his short stories will,
1610
01:38:18,030 --> 01:38:20,629
particularly "the snows of Kilimanjaro"
1611
01:38:20,630 --> 01:38:24,799
and "the short happy life
of Francis macomber."
1612
01:38:24,800 --> 01:38:28,229
He was, nevertheless, an
intensely American writer.
1613
01:38:28,230 --> 01:38:31,499
His own contribution was
very large, and not only to
1614
01:38:31,500 --> 01:38:34,359
American letters, but to
the excitement and color
1615
01:38:34,360 --> 01:38:36,859
of the last 4 decades.
1616
01:38:36,860 --> 01:38:40,329
Edwin Newman.
Good evening.
1617
01:38:40,330 --> 01:38:43,599
Mccain: I was
pained and grieved,
1618
01:38:43,600 --> 01:38:48,529
but, you know, I think
there are times when...
1619
01:38:48,530 --> 01:38:50,899
I don't agree with it...
But it's understandable
1620
01:38:50,900 --> 01:38:52,199
why he decided
1621
01:38:52,200 --> 01:38:54,259
to end his life when he had...
1622
01:38:54,260 --> 01:38:56,729
His talent had left him.
1623
01:38:56,730 --> 01:39:00,459
We sometimes talk about people
and we idolize them and we
1624
01:39:00,460 --> 01:39:03,329
give them every virtue and no vice.
1625
01:39:03,330 --> 01:39:06,059
He had lots of vices.
He had lots of vices.
1626
01:39:06,060 --> 01:39:08,829
He was a human being.
1627
01:39:08,830 --> 01:39:13,399
And that, my friend,
erases a whole lot of other
1628
01:39:13,400 --> 01:39:16,630
what may be failings in life.
1629
01:39:19,660 --> 01:39:24,429
He keeps speaking
to us because his writing was
1630
01:39:24,430 --> 01:39:30,299
basically human with all that we are...
1631
01:39:30,300 --> 01:39:34,229
The dark, the light,
the passionate, the petty,
1632
01:39:34,230 --> 01:39:40,699
the ugly, the beautiful,
the kind, the cruel.
1633
01:39:40,700 --> 01:39:45,359
I... I... just... he just was
writing about human behavior
1634
01:39:45,360 --> 01:39:47,229
and human beings.
1635
01:39:47,230 --> 01:39:52,699
And I think he was able to do it
because he so loved the world.
1636
01:39:52,700 --> 01:39:54,459
"What a shame it's going to be
1637
01:39:54,460 --> 01:39:58,459
"to have to leave it," he said.
1638
01:39:58,460 --> 01:40:00,099
He has immortality,
1639
01:40:00,100 --> 01:40:03,359
and he deserves it.
1640
01:40:03,360 --> 01:40:07,760
Not many writers get that,
and he deserves it.
1641
01:40:09,430 --> 01:40:12,529
Man, as Hemingway: And then
instead of going on to arusha,
1642
01:40:12,530 --> 01:40:14,429
they turned left.
1643
01:40:14,430 --> 01:40:17,859
He evidently figured
that they had the gas.
1644
01:40:17,860 --> 01:40:21,359
And looking down, he saw a pink
sifting cloud moving over
1645
01:40:21,360 --> 01:40:24,699
the ground, and in the air,
like the first snow
1646
01:40:24,700 --> 01:40:27,959
in a blizzard, that comes
from nowhere, and he knew
1647
01:40:27,960 --> 01:40:30,729
the locusts were coming up
from the south.
1648
01:40:30,730 --> 01:40:32,529
Then they began to climb,
1649
01:40:32,530 --> 01:40:35,199
and they were going
to the east, it seemed,
1650
01:40:35,200 --> 01:40:38,359
and then it darkened
and they were in a storm,
1651
01:40:38,360 --> 01:40:41,729
the rain so thick it seemed like
flying through a waterfall.
1652
01:40:43,500 --> 01:40:45,959
And then they were out
and compie turned his head
1653
01:40:45,960 --> 01:40:51,459
and grinned and pointed and
there ahead, all he could see,
1654
01:40:51,460 --> 01:40:56,899
as wide as all the world,
great, high, and unbelievably
1655
01:40:56,900 --> 01:41:03,129
white in the sun, was the
square top of Kilimanjaro.
1656
01:41:03,130 --> 01:41:08,529
And then he knew that there
was where he was going.
1657
01:41:08,530 --> 01:41:10,629
Ernest Hemingway.
1658
01:42:20,030 --> 01:42:21,799
Stay tuned for a special preview
1659
01:42:21,800 --> 01:42:23,930
of the next film from Ken burns:
Muhammad Ali.
1660
01:42:25,300 --> 01:42:27,159
Dive deeper into this film
1661
01:42:27,160 --> 01:42:29,299
by visiting pbs. Org/hemingway
1662
01:42:29,300 --> 01:42:31,429
and the pbs video app.
1663
01:42:31,430 --> 01:42:35,559
Join the conversation with
hashtag #hemingwaypbs.
1664
01:42:35,560 --> 01:42:38,559
To order "Hemingway" on DVD or blu-ray
1665
01:42:38,560 --> 01:42:40,599
or the book "the Hemingway stories,"
1666
01:42:40,600 --> 01:42:44,999
visit shop pbs or call 1-800-play-pbs.
1667
01:42:45,000 --> 01:42:47,229
The cd is also available.
1668
01:42:47,230 --> 01:42:50,729
"Hemingway" is also available
with pbs passport
1669
01:42:50,730 --> 01:42:54,130
and on Amazon prime video.
1670
01:43:58,860 --> 01:44:00,599
Major funding for "Hemingway"
1671
01:44:00,600 --> 01:44:03,299
was provided by
the better angels society
1672
01:44:03,300 --> 01:44:05,059
and by its members:
1673
01:44:05,060 --> 01:44:07,529
The Elizabeth Ruth Wallace
living trust,
1674
01:44:07,530 --> 01:44:09,459
John and Leslie mcquown,
1675
01:44:09,460 --> 01:44:11,159
John and Catherine debs,
1676
01:44:11,160 --> 01:44:13,899
the fullerton family charitable trust,
1677
01:44:13,900 --> 01:44:16,899
kissick family foundation, Gail elden,
1678
01:44:16,900 --> 01:44:18,499
gilchrist and Amy berg,
1679
01:44:18,500 --> 01:44:20,099
Robert and Beverly grappone,
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01:44:20,100 --> 01:44:22,559
and mauree Jane and Mark Perry.
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01:44:22,560 --> 01:44:26,959
Additional funding was provided
by the annenberg foundation,
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01:44:26,960 --> 01:44:29,529
the Arthur vining Davis foundations,
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01:44:29,530 --> 01:44:32,059
the corporation
for public broadcasting,
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01:44:32,060 --> 01:44:35,329
and by contributions to your
pbs station
1685
01:44:35,330 --> 01:44:37,399
from viewers like you.
1686
01:44:37,400 --> 01:44:39,930
Thank you.
139311
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