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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:20,803 --> 00:00:25,025 WOMAN: Eichmann came once a week. 2 00:00:26,591 --> 00:00:29,464 [dog barking in the distance] 3 00:00:29,507 --> 00:00:33,033 The family had to withdraw, you know, from the living room etc. 4 00:00:33,076 --> 00:00:35,774 because they were going to have this conversation. 5 00:00:35,818 --> 00:00:38,690 But we would open the door and we would listen. 6 00:00:38,734 --> 00:00:40,736 [door creaking] 7 00:00:42,303 --> 00:00:45,436 [indistinct chattering] 8 00:00:49,179 --> 00:00:53,053 My father recorded all that stuff. 9 00:00:56,491 --> 00:00:58,797 WILLEM SASSEN [speaking German] 10 00:01:33,093 --> 00:01:35,530 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German] 11 00:01:47,846 --> 00:01:51,937 [fly buzzing] 12 00:01:55,506 --> 00:01:56,507 [thuds] 13 00:01:57,987 --> 00:02:00,424 WOMAN [in English]: My sister and I 14 00:02:00,468 --> 00:02:03,123 detested the figure. 15 00:02:05,560 --> 00:02:09,085 The persona was so weird. 16 00:02:11,000 --> 00:02:12,262 Trouble. 17 00:02:12,306 --> 00:02:15,091 Always darkness. 18 00:02:16,527 --> 00:02:18,660 There was something about him that... 19 00:02:19,704 --> 00:02:21,706 the child could detect, 20 00:02:21,750 --> 00:02:24,405 something very negative, the child in me. 21 00:02:25,580 --> 00:02:26,972 MAN [speaking Hebrew] 22 00:02:33,065 --> 00:02:36,460 NARRATOR [in English]: Nazis have always denied their role in the Holocaust 23 00:02:36,504 --> 00:02:37,896 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German] 24 00:02:41,770 --> 00:02:44,425 NARRATOR [in English]: After the war, many fled Europe, 25 00:02:44,468 --> 00:02:48,690 including the architect of the Final Solution, Adolf Eichmann. 26 00:02:48,733 --> 00:02:51,214 MAN: He's practically the last important Nazi 27 00:02:51,258 --> 00:02:54,086 who arrived in Argentina after the war. 28 00:02:56,088 --> 00:02:57,916 NARRATOR: While hiding in Argentina, 29 00:02:57,960 --> 00:03:00,005 Eichmann records a series of interviews 30 00:03:00,049 --> 00:03:02,094 with Nazi journalist Willem Sassen, 31 00:03:02,138 --> 00:03:04,749 admitting his role in the Holocaust. 32 00:03:04,793 --> 00:03:07,404 Sassen came up with this crazy idea 33 00:03:07,448 --> 00:03:09,972 that he would interview the mastermind of the Holocaust. 34 00:03:10,015 --> 00:03:13,410 This is him boasting about what he did. 35 00:03:13,454 --> 00:03:15,804 NARRATOR: But after his capture by Israel, 36 00:03:15,847 --> 00:03:17,458 Eichmann denies everything... 37 00:03:17,501 --> 00:03:20,852 [speaking German] 38 00:03:24,900 --> 00:03:26,989 NARRATOR [in English]: Hoping the tapes will never be heard 39 00:03:27,032 --> 00:03:29,905 during his trial in Jerusalem. 40 00:03:29,948 --> 00:03:32,864 [speaking German] 41 00:03:38,479 --> 00:03:40,089 MAN [in English]: The story of the Eichmann Trial, 42 00:03:40,132 --> 00:03:41,917 60 years later, 43 00:03:41,960 --> 00:03:44,093 still not fully told. 44 00:03:44,136 --> 00:03:46,748 NARRATOR: After mysteriously disappearing for years, 45 00:03:46,791 --> 00:03:48,793 the tapes are rediscovered 46 00:03:48,837 --> 00:03:50,795 and now, for the first time 47 00:03:50,839 --> 00:03:53,102 we'll hear Eichmann admitting his crimes... 48 00:03:53,145 --> 00:03:55,191 a true Nazi confession. 49 00:03:59,239 --> 00:04:04,200 [speaking German] 50 00:04:24,133 --> 00:04:26,266 REPORTER [in English]: I am standing in front of the courtroom 51 00:04:26,309 --> 00:04:29,617 where Eichmann is going to face his judges 52 00:04:29,660 --> 00:04:33,664 and as you see, there are a lot of people already very interested. 53 00:04:33,708 --> 00:04:36,537 People are coming and waiting outside this courtroom. 54 00:04:36,580 --> 00:04:38,887 Eichmann is in one of the rooms 55 00:04:38,930 --> 00:04:41,019 on the fourth floor, we think, 56 00:04:41,063 --> 00:04:43,674 and as you see, it's very heavily guarded, the building. 57 00:04:43,718 --> 00:04:45,459 I don't think there have ever been so many 58 00:04:45,502 --> 00:04:47,983 correspondents and writers, and observers 59 00:04:48,026 --> 00:04:51,987 on any story since the war, not even the Nuremberg Trial. 60 00:05:02,693 --> 00:05:07,176 PROF. DEBORAH LIPSTADT: This trial was of critical importance. 61 00:05:07,219 --> 00:05:09,831 It was the beginning of the process 62 00:05:09,874 --> 00:05:11,963 of the emergence of the Holocaust 63 00:05:12,007 --> 00:05:13,748 from the shadows of history. 64 00:05:13,791 --> 00:05:16,316 [chattering] 65 00:05:23,845 --> 00:05:26,630 DR. BETTINA STANGNETH: The trial begins on the 11th of April. 66 00:05:26,674 --> 00:05:28,850 This man is standing before the court 67 00:05:28,893 --> 00:05:32,157 and also before the many expectations of the audience. 68 00:05:32,201 --> 00:05:34,682 All they heard about the crimes he was accused of 69 00:05:34,725 --> 00:05:38,294 was so extreme that no image of a human befitted them. 70 00:05:40,775 --> 00:05:42,777 MAN [speaking Hebrew] 71 00:06:03,450 --> 00:06:05,974 DEBORAH LIPSTADT [in English]: Gideon Hausner was a commercial lawyer. 72 00:06:06,453 --> 00:06:08,542 He was chosen to be Attorney General. 73 00:06:08,585 --> 00:06:10,892 He comes into office 74 00:06:10,935 --> 00:06:14,678 and he is relentless to getting this story out. 75 00:06:15,897 --> 00:06:17,725 GIDEON HAUSNER [speaking Hebrew] 76 00:06:28,649 --> 00:06:31,521 [in English] "The prince of darkness is a gentleman." 77 00:06:31,565 --> 00:06:34,306 [speaking Hebrew] 78 00:06:57,417 --> 00:06:58,853 [speaking German] 79 00:06:58,896 --> 00:07:01,682 [speaking Hebrew] 80 00:07:26,010 --> 00:07:28,360 MAN [in English]: Eichmann, in many ways, 81 00:07:28,404 --> 00:07:30,275 was the Chief Logistical Officer 82 00:07:30,319 --> 00:07:33,844 overseeing deportations of Jewish persons, 83 00:07:33,888 --> 00:07:37,413 largely from Western Europe, to killing centers. 84 00:07:37,457 --> 00:07:39,807 He does this with full awareness 85 00:07:39,850 --> 00:07:41,765 that the result of deporting 86 00:07:41,809 --> 00:07:43,767 is that they're going to be killed. 87 00:07:43,811 --> 00:07:47,902 MOSHE LANDAU [speaking Hebrew] 88 00:07:51,514 --> 00:07:53,864 [speaking German] 89 00:07:53,908 --> 00:07:55,997 [murmuring] 90 00:07:57,825 --> 00:08:01,176 WOMAN [in English]: Eichmann refused to accept any guilt on himself. 91 00:08:01,219 --> 00:08:03,004 He was a civil servant, 92 00:08:03,047 --> 00:08:05,528 the laws of Germany are as they are 93 00:08:05,572 --> 00:08:09,314 and he tried to detach himself completely 94 00:08:09,358 --> 00:08:11,316 from the ideological dimension. 95 00:08:12,535 --> 00:08:16,496 GIDEON HAUSNER [speaking Hebrew] 96 00:08:30,510 --> 00:08:33,077 [in English] Eichmann continually insisted 97 00:08:33,121 --> 00:08:35,384 that he was simply following orders. 98 00:08:35,427 --> 00:08:37,995 [speaking German] 99 00:08:41,782 --> 00:08:43,392 NARRATOR [in English]: Eichmann's appearance in court 100 00:08:43,435 --> 00:08:45,655 and the crimes attributed to him 101 00:08:45,699 --> 00:08:49,311 catch the attention of both the public and the press. 102 00:08:49,354 --> 00:08:52,444 Among the many journalists who go to Israel to cover the trial, 103 00:08:52,488 --> 00:08:56,318 is the famous Jewish writer and Holocaust survivor Hannah Arendt, 104 00:08:56,361 --> 00:08:59,539 who reports on the proceedings for the New Yorker magazine. 105 00:09:03,020 --> 00:09:05,370 Arendt expects to find a devilish killer 106 00:09:05,414 --> 00:09:07,677 with a strong hatred of Jews, 107 00:09:07,721 --> 00:09:09,810 but surprisingly sees a man whose appearance 108 00:09:09,853 --> 00:09:13,074 does not match the crimes attributed to him. 109 00:09:13,117 --> 00:09:16,338 She describes the moral gap between his bureaucratic demeanor 110 00:09:16,381 --> 00:09:17,948 and the atrocities he committed 111 00:09:17,992 --> 00:09:21,038 with the term "the banality of evil." 112 00:09:25,173 --> 00:09:28,132 BETTINA STANGNETH: I think Eichmann tricked basically everyone. 113 00:09:30,178 --> 00:09:34,661 We had 400 reporters in the courtroom, like Hannah Arendt, 114 00:09:35,792 --> 00:09:39,013 and I didn't see a single report in which someone said, 115 00:09:39,056 --> 00:09:40,667 "You can tell that he did it." 116 00:09:40,710 --> 00:09:44,322 Instead, they said, "Wow, who is this?" 117 00:09:48,065 --> 00:09:49,893 NARRATOR [in English]: So, who is the real Eichmann? 118 00:09:49,937 --> 00:09:51,982 Is he simply a soldier obeying orders 119 00:09:52,026 --> 00:09:54,506 as he presents himself in the Israeli court? 120 00:09:55,682 --> 00:09:57,509 Or is he the fervent Nazi 121 00:09:57,553 --> 00:09:59,468 that Hausner is trying to prove him to be? 122 00:10:01,688 --> 00:10:04,386 The missing evidence, from four years earlier in Buenos Aires, 123 00:10:04,429 --> 00:10:06,344 as he boasts to his fellow Nazis, 124 00:10:06,388 --> 00:10:07,868 reveals the truth. 125 00:10:11,698 --> 00:10:14,396 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German, on recorder] 126 00:10:41,771 --> 00:10:45,253 ADOLF EICHMANN 127 00:10:58,962 --> 00:11:02,618 NARRATOR [in English]: On the recordings, Eichmann criticizes other Nazis 128 00:11:02,662 --> 00:11:05,055 captured by the Allies after the war 129 00:11:05,099 --> 00:11:08,232 who deny responsibility for their actions. 130 00:11:12,019 --> 00:11:13,847 To understand Eichmann's rationale 131 00:11:13,890 --> 00:11:16,284 for participating in these conversations, 132 00:11:16,327 --> 00:11:20,375 one needs to examine his character and life after 1945. 133 00:11:27,469 --> 00:11:30,733 MAN: In April-May 1945, 134 00:11:30,777 --> 00:11:34,171 there was not much left of the Third Reich. 135 00:11:35,956 --> 00:11:38,088 The Nazis realize it's over 136 00:11:38,132 --> 00:11:41,048 and they're trying to figure out what to do next. 137 00:11:42,832 --> 00:11:46,444 Eichmann must have understood, because of what he did, 138 00:11:46,488 --> 00:11:50,710 that he is wanted by the Allies. 139 00:11:51,798 --> 00:11:54,061 And so he tried to get to an area 140 00:11:54,104 --> 00:11:56,237 still controlled by Nazi forces, 141 00:11:56,280 --> 00:11:58,543 the last holdout, so to speak, 142 00:11:59,588 --> 00:12:03,505 and particularly popular were the mountains of Austria, 143 00:12:03,548 --> 00:12:05,028 the Austrian Alps. 144 00:12:15,996 --> 00:12:17,867 NARRATOR: Like many of his fellow Nazis, 145 00:12:17,911 --> 00:12:20,174 Eichmann flees to his former home, 146 00:12:20,217 --> 00:12:23,481 the last stronghold of the Third Reich. 147 00:12:23,525 --> 00:12:24,744 He feels protected there, 148 00:12:24,787 --> 00:12:26,441 but very quickly discovers 149 00:12:26,484 --> 00:12:28,704 he cannot escape his involvement 150 00:12:28,748 --> 00:12:30,750 in the crimes he committed during the war. 151 00:12:33,840 --> 00:12:38,235 GERALD STEINACHER: Even his own comrades of the SS, his own superiors, 152 00:12:38,279 --> 00:12:40,411 wanted to get rid of him, 153 00:12:40,455 --> 00:12:43,327 because he was so obviously involved 154 00:12:43,371 --> 00:12:47,157 in the mass murder of the European Jews and had blood on his hands. 155 00:12:52,380 --> 00:12:54,686 NARRATOR: Eichmann secures forged identity papers 156 00:12:54,730 --> 00:12:56,514 with plans to escape the country, 157 00:12:56,558 --> 00:12:58,429 but is caught by the Allies. 158 00:13:00,692 --> 00:13:02,869 MAN: Eichmann was arrested by the Americans 159 00:13:02,912 --> 00:13:05,349 and he was held in a prisoner of war camp. 160 00:13:07,177 --> 00:13:11,747 The Americans had about 3 million Nazis prisoners at that time. 161 00:13:11,791 --> 00:13:14,706 So Eichmann was just one more among those many millions. 162 00:13:18,885 --> 00:13:21,539 There was an incredible number of soldiers imprisoned 163 00:13:21,583 --> 00:13:24,586 and he pretended to have a very low military rank. 164 00:13:24,629 --> 00:13:28,459 At the time, photos were not at all as common as they are today, 165 00:13:28,503 --> 00:13:31,419 so it was relatively easy to remain unidentified. 166 00:13:34,552 --> 00:13:39,079 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German, on recorder] 167 00:14:00,752 --> 00:14:03,233 WILLEM SASSEN [on recorder] 168 00:14:06,410 --> 00:14:09,849 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German] 169 00:14:31,958 --> 00:14:36,832 UKI GONI [in English]: He managed to forge an ID in the name of Otto Eckmann 170 00:14:36,876 --> 00:14:39,139 while he was being held by the Americans. 171 00:14:39,748 --> 00:14:43,186 So he was fairly safe at that moment. 172 00:14:43,230 --> 00:14:45,275 No one was looking for him. 173 00:14:45,319 --> 00:14:48,757 Until his name came up in the Nuremberg Trials. 174 00:14:48,800 --> 00:14:51,281 Attention! Tribunal! 175 00:14:51,325 --> 00:14:54,023 REPORTER: Judges from Britain, America, Russia and France 176 00:14:54,067 --> 00:14:55,807 assembled in Nuremberg's courthouse. 177 00:14:56,591 --> 00:14:58,332 LAWRENCE DOUGLAS: The Nuremberg Trial 178 00:14:58,375 --> 00:15:00,725 that is the trial of the major Nazi war criminals 179 00:15:00,769 --> 00:15:04,642 that took place between 1945 and 1946. 180 00:15:04,686 --> 00:15:09,299 This was the first international criminal trial in human history 181 00:15:09,343 --> 00:15:11,432 dealing with spectacular crimes. 182 00:15:12,085 --> 00:15:15,523 Eichmann is mentioned surprisingly often in the Nuremberg Trials. 183 00:15:15,566 --> 00:15:17,786 We hear about what he was involved with 184 00:15:17,829 --> 00:15:20,702 and that he was the main contact for Hitler's favorite project, 185 00:15:20,745 --> 00:15:22,791 the extermination of Jews. 186 00:15:24,227 --> 00:15:26,838 [speaking German] 187 00:15:39,721 --> 00:15:42,028 UKI GONI [in English]: In the Nuremberg Trials his name was mentioned. 188 00:15:42,071 --> 00:15:44,073 That appeared in the newspapers the next day. 189 00:15:44,117 --> 00:15:45,945 The next day he was gone. 190 00:15:45,988 --> 00:15:48,817 He escaped from the American prisoner of war camp. 191 00:15:50,123 --> 00:15:52,299 Being held by the Americans was much better 192 00:15:52,342 --> 00:15:53,822 than being held by the Russians. 193 00:15:53,865 --> 00:15:56,607 So it was not difficult to escape 194 00:15:56,651 --> 00:15:59,219 from the American prisoner of war camp. 195 00:15:59,262 --> 00:16:01,308 Many Nazis did. 196 00:16:01,351 --> 00:16:03,266 [clicking] 197 00:16:04,876 --> 00:16:06,835 NARRATOR: Eichmann tells Sassen in Argentina 198 00:16:06,878 --> 00:16:08,663 the story of the strange escape route 199 00:16:08,706 --> 00:16:10,447 he used to avoid capture. 200 00:16:12,449 --> 00:16:13,973 WILLEM SASSEN [speaking German, on recorder] 201 00:16:16,976 --> 00:16:19,456 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German, on recorder] 202 00:17:10,594 --> 00:17:12,814 [birds chirping] 203 00:17:16,122 --> 00:17:17,949 UKI GONI [in English]: Eichmann had thought 204 00:17:17,993 --> 00:17:19,125 that if enough time went by, 205 00:17:19,168 --> 00:17:21,214 his name would be forgotten 206 00:17:21,257 --> 00:17:23,694 and he would be able to live a normal life in Germany. 207 00:17:31,920 --> 00:17:35,489 NARRATOR: Eichmann believes he will be able to stay in hiding for years. 208 00:17:35,532 --> 00:17:37,230 He is surprised to discover 209 00:17:37,273 --> 00:17:39,449 that the genocide of the Jewish people 210 00:17:39,493 --> 00:17:41,495 continues to preoccupy the world, even in Germany 211 00:17:41,538 --> 00:17:43,323 where the public is slowly realizing 212 00:17:43,366 --> 00:17:45,107 the scope of the crimes committed 213 00:17:45,151 --> 00:17:47,022 and hoping to put the past behind them. 214 00:17:51,244 --> 00:17:53,115 Eichmann looks for a new hiding place 215 00:17:53,159 --> 00:17:55,291 and decides to leave his family behind 216 00:17:55,335 --> 00:17:57,076 to take advantage of the Nazis' 217 00:17:57,119 --> 00:17:59,600 well-known escape route to Argentina. 218 00:18:01,341 --> 00:18:05,432 [slow music playing] 219 00:18:07,825 --> 00:18:09,827 MAN: At the end of WWII, 220 00:18:09,871 --> 00:18:14,049 Juan Peron and Eva Duarte Peron see an opportunity 221 00:18:14,093 --> 00:18:16,617 to take in people with scientific, 222 00:18:16,660 --> 00:18:20,882 technological and engineering training from Germany, 223 00:18:21,535 --> 00:18:25,974 people who supported the Nazi regime or served in the German army, 224 00:18:26,017 --> 00:18:27,758 and at the end of the war 225 00:18:27,802 --> 00:18:29,717 they want to get as far away as they can 226 00:18:29,760 --> 00:18:31,458 from the "crime scene." 227 00:18:37,681 --> 00:18:39,118 GERALD STEINACHER: And many asked the same question, 228 00:18:39,161 --> 00:18:42,730 why did the Allies not just stop 229 00:18:42,773 --> 00:18:45,298 this escape route? 230 00:18:45,341 --> 00:18:47,038 It could have been easy. 231 00:18:47,082 --> 00:18:49,258 They knew everything, they knew the players, 232 00:18:49,302 --> 00:18:51,478 they knew the structures, they knew the institutions involved. 233 00:18:53,088 --> 00:18:57,701 I think at some point they focused their energy 234 00:18:57,745 --> 00:18:59,747 on the new enemy. 235 00:18:59,790 --> 00:19:04,055 And the new enemy was Communism and the Soviet Union 236 00:19:04,099 --> 00:19:05,840 and not the Nazis anymore. 237 00:19:08,495 --> 00:19:10,453 RAANAN REIN: If you're not a Communist, 238 00:19:10,497 --> 00:19:12,499 who cares if in the past you sinned? 239 00:19:18,069 --> 00:19:19,854 So there was no one internationally 240 00:19:19,897 --> 00:19:22,857 that applied any pressure on Argentina 241 00:19:22,900 --> 00:19:25,120 or tried to prevent the entry of people 242 00:19:25,164 --> 00:19:28,819 who were involved or at least suspected of involvement 243 00:19:28,863 --> 00:19:30,169 in war crimes. 244 00:19:34,260 --> 00:19:37,045 GERALD STEINACHER: Eichmann gets a new identity 245 00:19:37,088 --> 00:19:39,569 by the name of Ricardo Klement 246 00:19:39,613 --> 00:19:42,964 with the help of the Vatican Aid Commission for Refugees. 247 00:19:43,007 --> 00:19:45,967 We have proof that in some cases 248 00:19:46,010 --> 00:19:49,927 they know exactly who these people were and who they were helping. 249 00:19:49,971 --> 00:19:53,801 And very often, they did not have to hide their backgrounds. 250 00:19:53,844 --> 00:19:57,718 And when you look at the application forms of these various criminals, 251 00:19:57,761 --> 00:20:01,374 they wouldn't say, "I'm an expert in torturing people," 252 00:20:01,417 --> 00:20:02,984 or "I'm a mass murderer," 253 00:20:03,027 --> 00:20:05,029 or "I'm an expert for deporting people 254 00:20:05,073 --> 00:20:06,292 to extermination camps." 255 00:20:06,335 --> 00:20:07,249 Of course not. 256 00:20:09,382 --> 00:20:13,560 BETTINA STANGNETH: He has the ability to transform from a rigid-looking SS man 257 00:20:13,603 --> 00:20:16,215 to a somewhat sloppy-looking bureaucrat. 258 00:20:32,970 --> 00:20:34,494 UKI GONI: Eichmann, when he arrived, 259 00:20:34,537 --> 00:20:37,932 was received at the dock by Carlos Fuldner, 260 00:20:38,889 --> 00:20:41,152 who was another SS man. 261 00:20:43,285 --> 00:20:46,027 So the idea that these Nazis lived 262 00:20:46,070 --> 00:20:50,031 in secrecy in Argentina was not true. 263 00:20:50,074 --> 00:20:52,903 I lived a couple of years in Buenos Aires as a kid 264 00:20:52,947 --> 00:20:55,166 and my neighbor was Carlos Fuldner, 265 00:20:55,210 --> 00:20:59,170 the SS officer who helped Eichmann 266 00:20:59,214 --> 00:21:01,825 and probably hundreds of other Nazis escape. 267 00:21:02,609 --> 00:21:07,266 [German music playing] 268 00:21:07,309 --> 00:21:11,400 NARRATOR: Eichmann becomes part of the ex-Nazi community in Argentina. 269 00:21:11,444 --> 00:21:15,099 He gets a job as an assistant to an engineering crew in the Andes. 270 00:21:17,885 --> 00:21:20,714 Finally, he feels that his life is back on track. 271 00:21:25,980 --> 00:21:27,721 UKI GONI: But at some point, 272 00:21:27,764 --> 00:21:29,853 his luck seems to have taken a turn for the worse 273 00:21:29,897 --> 00:21:32,987 and he was left without any real job and he started... 274 00:21:33,030 --> 00:21:35,206 He had a laundry firm, 275 00:21:35,250 --> 00:21:37,296 he worked in a rabbit farm 276 00:21:38,471 --> 00:21:40,908 until, towards the end 277 00:21:40,951 --> 00:21:44,999 he managed to work for a real company again, which was for Mercedes Benz. 278 00:21:50,004 --> 00:21:52,528 RAANAN REIN: He is profoundly frustrated. 279 00:21:52,572 --> 00:21:57,185 He feels like someone whom history and destiny have marginalized 280 00:21:57,228 --> 00:22:00,231 and that this is something he does not deserve. 281 00:22:03,365 --> 00:22:04,975 Eichmann said that he suffered most 282 00:22:05,019 --> 00:22:06,673 from becoming anonymous. 283 00:22:08,588 --> 00:22:09,937 This is unfathomable! 284 00:22:09,980 --> 00:22:11,373 For him, it was horrible 285 00:22:11,417 --> 00:22:14,071 not being able to be "Eichmann." 286 00:22:15,377 --> 00:22:17,945 IRMTRUD WOJAK: So this was the time when he 287 00:22:17,988 --> 00:22:20,948 connected with Sassen, Willem Sassen, 288 00:22:21,601 --> 00:22:25,300 who was a propaganda officer from the Netherlands 289 00:22:25,344 --> 00:22:29,043 um, who also lived in Buenos Aires. 290 00:22:29,826 --> 00:22:33,526 UKI GONI: Now, the question is, who is Willem Sassen? 291 00:22:33,569 --> 00:22:37,443 And Willem Sassen, he's an absolutely Hollywood figure. 292 00:22:38,357 --> 00:22:41,534 A Dutch journalist at the time of the war. 293 00:22:41,577 --> 00:22:44,014 Goöbbels, the Nazi minister of propaganda, 294 00:22:44,058 --> 00:22:48,889 sent him to the Russian front where Willem Sassen sent radio reports. 295 00:22:48,932 --> 00:22:51,848 WILLEM SASSEN [speaking German] 296 00:22:55,243 --> 00:22:58,681 [in English] After the war, Willem Sassen was arrested in Holland 297 00:22:58,725 --> 00:23:01,336 for treason, of course, because he'd become an SS. 298 00:23:02,163 --> 00:23:06,428 He managed to escape to Buenos Aires on this tiny ship 299 00:23:06,472 --> 00:23:08,430 and set himself up as a journalist 300 00:23:08,474 --> 00:23:10,780 and as a publisher in Argentina, 301 00:23:10,824 --> 00:23:13,566 publishing books for other Nazis who lived here. 302 00:23:15,568 --> 00:23:18,962 BETTINA STANGNETH: He had already been in Argentina for three years. 303 00:23:19,006 --> 00:23:21,225 He had close ties with the Nazis 304 00:23:21,269 --> 00:23:22,749 because he was a Nazi himself. 305 00:23:23,576 --> 00:23:28,015 So if one has a political agenda like restoring Nazism, 306 00:23:28,058 --> 00:23:32,280 then you need allies, and in this regard Eichmann was the jackpot. 307 00:23:37,111 --> 00:23:41,507 UKI GONI: Eichmann met Sassen at the ABC restaurant. 308 00:23:41,550 --> 00:23:46,468 It was a German community restaurant in downtown Buenos Aires. 309 00:23:46,947 --> 00:23:50,385 The waiters clicked their heels like in military fashion, 310 00:23:50,429 --> 00:23:54,955 saluted the Nazis who went for lunch there. 311 00:23:54,998 --> 00:23:57,914 NARRATOR: The men meet occasionally until the mid-1950s 312 00:23:57,958 --> 00:24:00,439 when a series of groundbreaking books are published 313 00:24:00,482 --> 00:24:02,310 that reveal for the first time 314 00:24:02,353 --> 00:24:05,487 the original documents, certificates and minutes 315 00:24:05,531 --> 00:24:09,665 that catalog the Holocaust inflicted on the Jewish people in Europe. 316 00:24:09,709 --> 00:24:12,668 Sassen manages to locate copies of the books 317 00:24:12,712 --> 00:24:15,062 and has them delivered to him in Argentina. 318 00:24:22,025 --> 00:24:25,376 Then these Nazis in Argentina encountered a problem. 319 00:24:29,250 --> 00:24:33,123 They wondered how it could be that these crimes actually took place. 320 00:24:35,778 --> 00:24:37,737 They felt disturbed when they were told 321 00:24:37,780 --> 00:24:40,435 that little children were sent to the gas chambers. 322 00:24:41,523 --> 00:24:43,960 This crime took place in front of everyone, 323 00:24:46,441 --> 00:24:49,139 but the whole dimension of it and the actual dirty work 324 00:24:49,183 --> 00:24:51,011 weren't visible to everyone. 325 00:24:52,273 --> 00:24:53,883 Sassen at first assumes 326 00:24:53,927 --> 00:24:56,407 that the mass murder of the Jews is a lie. 327 00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:02,370 Then he looked for somebody who knew about these things 328 00:25:02,413 --> 00:25:05,242 and, in that respect, Eichmann was a gift. 329 00:25:07,331 --> 00:25:09,899 UKI GONI: Sassen came up with this crazy idea 330 00:25:09,943 --> 00:25:12,336 that he would interview the mastermind of the Holocaust 331 00:25:12,380 --> 00:25:14,121 and in Sassen's mind 332 00:25:14,164 --> 00:25:17,907 the idea was that Eichmann would prove 333 00:25:17,951 --> 00:25:22,738 that Hitler had nothing to do with the extermination of the Jews. 334 00:25:22,782 --> 00:25:25,219 Unfortunately for Sassen and his friends, 335 00:25:25,262 --> 00:25:28,918 Eichmann insisted that, of course, Hitler knew. [laughs] 336 00:25:36,535 --> 00:25:38,449 BETTINA STANGNETH: The Nazis burned books, 337 00:25:38,493 --> 00:25:40,974 but not because they hated books. 338 00:25:41,017 --> 00:25:44,151 They wanted to empty shelves for their own books. 339 00:25:44,194 --> 00:25:47,850 Eichmann dreamt very early, in his 30s, of writing books. 340 00:25:47,894 --> 00:25:49,896 He finds it meaningful. 341 00:25:49,939 --> 00:25:52,942 It is part of his understanding of being cultured. 342 00:25:54,248 --> 00:25:58,121 And in Argentina, he suddenly gets the opportunity through Sassen. 343 00:25:59,862 --> 00:26:02,256 And also to earn some money for the family. 344 00:26:06,434 --> 00:26:09,263 They meet every weekend and sit together for hours. 345 00:26:09,306 --> 00:26:12,222 Five, six, seven hours. 346 00:26:12,266 --> 00:26:14,790 The gentlemen sit together and discuss. 347 00:26:15,661 --> 00:26:18,185 This was kind of a public event 348 00:26:18,228 --> 00:26:20,274 where other Nazis went to. 349 00:26:20,317 --> 00:26:22,319 Very high ranking Nazis. 350 00:26:23,930 --> 00:26:26,280 [chattering] 351 00:26:35,376 --> 00:26:37,421 BETTINA STANGNETH: Eichmann was a celebrity. 352 00:26:37,465 --> 00:26:40,076 People fought to be close to him. 353 00:26:40,120 --> 00:26:44,124 He was always being asked, "Tell me, what happened in Auschwitz?" 354 00:26:47,214 --> 00:26:49,259 LAWRENCE DOUGLAS: There's 67 reels of tape. 355 00:26:49,608 --> 00:26:52,001 A lot of the tapes were taped over. 356 00:26:52,045 --> 00:26:55,526 At the time when Sassen was conducting these interviews, 357 00:26:55,570 --> 00:26:58,181 these audiotapes were somewhat expensive. 358 00:26:58,225 --> 00:27:00,836 [voices on recorder] 359 00:27:00,880 --> 00:27:03,447 [typewriter clacking] 360 00:27:06,450 --> 00:27:08,539 BETTINA STANGNETH: They recorded the conversations 361 00:27:08,583 --> 00:27:10,672 and then transcribed them to paper, 362 00:27:10,716 --> 00:27:13,327 then rerecorded more, transcribed again. 363 00:27:21,204 --> 00:27:24,338 And thus, they were left with a few thousand pages. 364 00:27:27,558 --> 00:27:30,474 Obviously, Eichmann is flattered when he's told, 365 00:27:30,518 --> 00:27:32,041 "We need you." 366 00:27:32,085 --> 00:27:34,043 He is a specialist once again. 367 00:27:34,087 --> 00:27:36,872 He again is "The Jew Expert." 368 00:27:38,308 --> 00:27:41,703 MAN: This was the first time anyone had taken an interest in him. 369 00:27:41,747 --> 00:27:43,792 "Herr Eichmann, tell me what you did." 370 00:27:43,836 --> 00:27:47,100 He's very happy anyone even wants to listen. 371 00:27:47,143 --> 00:27:49,537 So he blossoms. He flourishes. 372 00:27:49,580 --> 00:27:52,018 He suddenly returns to his good old days, 373 00:27:52,061 --> 00:27:55,978 the most beautiful time in his life, as he himself defined it. 374 00:27:56,022 --> 00:28:00,156 And thereafter, he loosens all the restrictions he imposed on himself 375 00:28:00,200 --> 00:28:02,202 and he went with it. 376 00:28:07,163 --> 00:28:11,385 BETTINA STANGNETH: Eichmann says, "Yes, this is all real. Wonderful, 377 00:28:11,428 --> 00:28:13,343 I haven't seen this in a long time. 378 00:28:13,866 --> 00:28:17,217 This is Heydrich's signature, it's all so nice." 379 00:28:17,260 --> 00:28:19,698 It makes him happy to see all his things again. 380 00:28:19,741 --> 00:28:21,438 He even finds his signature, 381 00:28:21,482 --> 00:28:24,137 which is obviously very important to him. 382 00:28:24,790 --> 00:28:27,662 And he also, and this is the biggest problem, 383 00:28:27,706 --> 00:28:30,099 he is proud of his life's work. 384 00:28:30,143 --> 00:28:31,797 And the life work of Mr. Eichmann 385 00:28:31,840 --> 00:28:34,321 consists of mass murder of Jews. 386 00:28:39,805 --> 00:28:41,458 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German, on recorder] 387 00:29:38,428 --> 00:29:40,517 MAN [in English]: It is just striking 388 00:29:40,561 --> 00:29:43,085 that Sassen, for whatever reason, 389 00:29:44,086 --> 00:29:47,524 decided to continue taping Eichmann 390 00:29:47,568 --> 00:29:50,789 even once he understood 391 00:29:50,832 --> 00:29:54,836 that Eichmann was not about to deny 392 00:29:56,359 --> 00:30:00,711 the nature of the Holocaust and his role in it. 393 00:30:00,755 --> 00:30:04,541 [suspenseful music playing] 394 00:30:18,294 --> 00:30:23,082 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German] 395 00:31:15,438 --> 00:31:19,747 WILLEM SASSEN [speaking German] 396 00:31:41,769 --> 00:31:43,771 NARRATOR [in English]: On the recordings, Eichmann elaborates 397 00:31:43,814 --> 00:31:45,860 about his work during the war, 398 00:31:45,904 --> 00:31:48,602 freely answering the questions asked by Sassen. 399 00:31:51,822 --> 00:31:53,912 Four years later, in the Israeli court, 400 00:31:53,955 --> 00:31:55,914 he sounds like a different man. 401 00:31:58,003 --> 00:32:01,441 [speaking Hebrew] 402 00:32:09,362 --> 00:32:11,190 [speaking German] 403 00:32:19,415 --> 00:32:22,375 [speaking Hebrew] 404 00:32:25,117 --> 00:32:27,423 [speaking German] 405 00:32:41,655 --> 00:32:46,529 [speaking Hebrew] 406 00:32:53,449 --> 00:32:56,713 [speaking German] 407 00:33:33,098 --> 00:33:35,317 GIDEON HAUSNER [in English]: I was aware 408 00:33:35,361 --> 00:33:40,061 that he is following the old line of many other Nazi criminals 409 00:33:40,105 --> 00:33:43,064 who didn't have the courage 410 00:33:43,108 --> 00:33:46,850 to stand up in court and admit their guilt. 411 00:33:48,287 --> 00:33:50,985 So, in order somehow 412 00:33:51,029 --> 00:33:55,859 to minimize the enormousness of their deed, 413 00:33:55,903 --> 00:34:00,255 they were trying by small lies 414 00:34:00,299 --> 00:34:01,952 to hide 415 00:34:02,823 --> 00:34:06,827 at least part of the most hideous deeds. 416 00:34:10,439 --> 00:34:12,833 MAN: Gideon Hausner as Attorney General 417 00:34:12,876 --> 00:34:15,053 was the prosecutor in the Eichmann trial. 418 00:34:15,096 --> 00:34:18,230 He got the job as soon as he took office as Attorney General. 419 00:34:18,273 --> 00:34:20,406 He wanted it to be the Nuremberg Trial 420 00:34:20,449 --> 00:34:23,104 of the Jewish people, for the Jewish people. 421 00:35:04,319 --> 00:35:06,756 GIDEON HAUSNER: You see, actually, I was aware all the time 422 00:35:06,800 --> 00:35:09,107 that there were two trials going on- 423 00:35:10,195 --> 00:35:11,631 one in Jerusalem 424 00:35:12,153 --> 00:35:15,330 where we were trying Eichmann, 425 00:35:15,374 --> 00:35:17,941 and the other in the world's public opinion, 426 00:35:17,985 --> 00:35:20,248 uh, with the proceedings 427 00:35:21,293 --> 00:35:22,990 televised throughout the world. 428 00:35:26,733 --> 00:35:29,039 I was well aware of this, 429 00:35:29,083 --> 00:35:31,999 that every word I say, every movement I make, 430 00:35:32,042 --> 00:35:36,264 is recorded and commented upon the next day 431 00:35:36,308 --> 00:35:37,744 in very many countries. 432 00:35:39,833 --> 00:35:43,445 MAN: In the Eichmann Trial, I was working as assistant 433 00:35:43,489 --> 00:35:45,186 to the television director. 434 00:35:45,230 --> 00:35:47,884 The trial had to be shown to the world. 435 00:35:47,928 --> 00:35:49,364 The trouble was, 436 00:35:49,408 --> 00:35:50,931 there's no television in Israel, 437 00:35:50,974 --> 00:35:52,280 that was the crazy thing. 438 00:35:52,846 --> 00:35:56,023 So they had brought over a team from London 439 00:35:56,066 --> 00:35:59,287 and decided to film the trial with four cameras. 440 00:35:59,896 --> 00:36:02,682 It then went out all over the world. 441 00:36:03,291 --> 00:36:06,164 Now remember, we're talking of 1961 442 00:36:06,207 --> 00:36:10,864 and there was very, very little information out at that stage. 443 00:36:10,907 --> 00:36:14,041 So the purpose of the trial was to show the world, "Look, 444 00:36:14,084 --> 00:36:15,869 six million Jews died. 445 00:36:15,912 --> 00:36:17,566 This is how it happened." 446 00:36:19,351 --> 00:36:21,875 During the actual filming of the trial, 447 00:36:22,310 --> 00:36:24,138 well this is the main question- 448 00:36:24,182 --> 00:36:26,706 Who is the real Adolf Eichmann? 449 00:36:26,749 --> 00:36:28,534 What is he feeling? 450 00:36:29,883 --> 00:36:32,451 Can we see anything in his face? 451 00:36:33,843 --> 00:36:38,239 You know, I keep coming in for a closeup on him to see what he's feeling. 452 00:36:38,283 --> 00:36:40,894 In practice he showed nothing. 453 00:36:40,937 --> 00:36:44,071 He showed no feelings at all. 454 00:36:48,031 --> 00:36:51,905 NARRATOR: The speculation about Eichmann's character continues to this day. 455 00:36:53,341 --> 00:36:55,430 Is he an evil idealist 456 00:36:55,474 --> 00:36:57,998 or a simple bureaucrat carrying out orders 457 00:36:58,041 --> 00:37:00,261 in the service of the Nazi regime, 458 00:37:00,305 --> 00:37:01,871 as Hannah Arendt claimed? 459 00:37:04,439 --> 00:37:08,791 HANNAH ARENDT [speaking German] 460 00:37:25,852 --> 00:37:29,290 [in English] She thinks that Eichmann believes that what he's doing 461 00:37:29,334 --> 00:37:32,337 is simply complying with the law of the day, 462 00:37:32,380 --> 00:37:34,077 and I think that is unfortunate, 463 00:37:34,121 --> 00:37:36,254 because I think that is a misleading filter. 464 00:37:39,344 --> 00:37:42,216 MAN 1: In terms of theory, I think it is a good theory. 465 00:37:42,260 --> 00:37:46,568 I think it explains quite a few people who were in the Nazi regime. 466 00:37:46,612 --> 00:37:49,179 But her theory did not fit Eichmann. 467 00:37:49,223 --> 00:37:50,877 You cannot make the distinction 468 00:37:50,920 --> 00:37:54,054 between his war on the Jews and his career. 469 00:37:54,097 --> 00:37:57,100 It has become basically one and the same. 470 00:37:58,754 --> 00:38:02,758 MAN 2 [speaking German] 471 00:38:29,132 --> 00:38:32,397 [in English] I suppose there's a very interesting question we can ask, 472 00:38:32,440 --> 00:38:37,184 which is whether Hannah Arendt would have changed her tune 473 00:38:37,227 --> 00:38:42,755 if she had been able to, um, hear the Sassen tapes. 474 00:38:42,798 --> 00:38:48,282 NARRATOR: On the tapes, Eichmann confirms his strong belief in the Nazi cause. 475 00:38:48,326 --> 00:38:52,199 He admits he was not only a bureaucrat, but also an idealist. 476 00:38:56,812 --> 00:38:58,597 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German] 477 00:39:50,605 --> 00:39:53,086 UKI GONI [in English]: This was not done in hiding, 478 00:39:53,129 --> 00:39:56,394 in a secret cave, high up in the Andes, 479 00:39:56,437 --> 00:39:59,440 or hidden away in the Amazonian jungle. 480 00:39:59,484 --> 00:40:02,225 This was done in suburban Buenos Aires 481 00:40:02,269 --> 00:40:04,402 in the full view of all their neighbors. 482 00:40:06,447 --> 00:40:09,972 In the tapes, you can hear Sassen's daughter 483 00:40:10,016 --> 00:40:11,409 playing in the background. 484 00:40:13,889 --> 00:40:15,674 SASKIA SASSEN: My sister and I were always singing. 485 00:40:15,717 --> 00:40:19,286 You know how that is with children. 486 00:40:20,113 --> 00:40:22,942 My mother would say: "Stop that singing!" 487 00:40:23,899 --> 00:40:25,423 It was my weapon. 488 00:40:25,466 --> 00:40:27,163 I used singing as a weapon, 489 00:40:27,207 --> 00:40:29,296 because he interrupted our fun life, 490 00:40:29,339 --> 00:40:32,821 you know, my father was really a lot of fun as a father. 491 00:40:32,865 --> 00:40:35,128 But when the meetings happened, 492 00:40:35,171 --> 00:40:37,957 my father was extracting information. 493 00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:40,829 [children singing] 494 00:40:43,441 --> 00:40:45,225 SASKIA SASSEN: He was a journalist 495 00:40:45,268 --> 00:40:48,271 and he wanted to get at the story. 496 00:40:49,403 --> 00:40:51,187 How well did you know him? 497 00:40:51,231 --> 00:40:52,711 -Whom? -Eichmann. 498 00:40:53,842 --> 00:40:57,759 I think I knew him completely. 499 00:40:58,717 --> 00:41:00,109 What did you make of him? 500 00:41:03,286 --> 00:41:07,943 A tragical figure, a tragical figure. 501 00:41:07,987 --> 00:41:09,728 Because he was really not... 502 00:41:09,771 --> 00:41:13,819 it was not his business in reality. 503 00:41:13,862 --> 00:41:16,735 He would have liked to be a common soldier on the front. 504 00:41:16,778 --> 00:41:18,780 That was his dream. 505 00:41:23,176 --> 00:41:26,527 NARRATOR: As time goes by, Eichmann's confidence increases 506 00:41:26,571 --> 00:41:28,573 and he feels comfortable enough 507 00:41:28,616 --> 00:41:30,357 to bring his family to Argentina. 508 00:41:32,751 --> 00:41:36,581 DEBORAH LIPSTADT: German parents in Argentina 509 00:41:36,624 --> 00:41:39,018 came to the embassy to register their children 510 00:41:39,061 --> 00:41:42,325 for their German citizenship, German passport. 511 00:41:43,196 --> 00:41:47,069 And his children were registered under the name "Eichmann." 512 00:41:51,073 --> 00:41:53,772 BETTINA STANGNETH: The kids of German immigrants still remember 513 00:41:53,815 --> 00:41:56,296 that on Sundays, they would meet to cook orange marmalade 514 00:41:56,339 --> 00:41:59,255 with the Eichmanns, not the Klements, 515 00:41:59,299 --> 00:42:01,649 not with that family with the strange guy. 516 00:42:02,041 --> 00:42:03,303 With the Eichmanns! 517 00:42:03,346 --> 00:42:05,087 It was his only mistake 518 00:42:05,131 --> 00:42:07,263 that he didn't want to leave his family behind. 519 00:42:13,705 --> 00:42:15,533 DEBORAH LIPSTADT: This myth that grew up 520 00:42:15,576 --> 00:42:18,274 that nobody knew he was there... 521 00:42:18,318 --> 00:42:21,234 the German ex-pats who were loyal Nazis 522 00:42:21,277 --> 00:42:24,411 knew he was there. He met with them, he talked to them. 523 00:42:24,454 --> 00:42:27,936 And the Argentinian police, they knew he was there. 524 00:42:30,417 --> 00:42:33,420 The thing that was true is that 525 00:42:33,463 --> 00:42:36,728 the people who knew he was there 526 00:42:36,771 --> 00:42:40,340 did not care enough to go and get him. 527 00:42:40,383 --> 00:42:43,604 MAN [on TV]: Fritz Bauer survived Hitler's death camps... 528 00:42:43,648 --> 00:42:47,390 NARRATOR: Even though the Allies stop searching for Nazi fugitives, 529 00:42:47,434 --> 00:42:51,786 individuals like the German Jewish lawyer Fritz Bauer, 530 00:42:51,830 --> 00:42:55,442 continue to try to bring the escaped criminals to justice, 531 00:42:55,485 --> 00:42:59,011 using information they receive from around the world. 532 00:43:00,316 --> 00:43:02,580 GIDEON HAUSNER: If not for private individuals, 533 00:43:02,623 --> 00:43:05,713 Adolf Eichmann would have never been captured in Buenos Aires. 534 00:43:05,757 --> 00:43:08,629 First and foremost, Lothar Hermann, 535 00:43:08,673 --> 00:43:10,370 a Holocaust survivor 536 00:43:10,413 --> 00:43:12,590 who happened to be Adolf Eichmann's neighbor. 537 00:43:14,592 --> 00:43:19,161 UKI GONI: Lothar Hermann, who was the survivor who came to Argentina, 538 00:43:19,205 --> 00:43:21,033 had a daughter called Sylvia 539 00:43:21,076 --> 00:43:23,470 and his daughter made friends 540 00:43:23,513 --> 00:43:25,167 with one of the Eichmann kids. 541 00:43:26,821 --> 00:43:28,867 It was not unusual for German Jews 542 00:43:28,910 --> 00:43:31,260 to make friends with German Nazi families, 543 00:43:31,304 --> 00:43:34,307 because, in the end they were all Germans in Argentina. 544 00:43:36,091 --> 00:43:39,486 Sylvia knew that her friend was called "Eichmann." 545 00:43:41,314 --> 00:43:44,056 And Lothar Hermann, I can't say he was reading the newspaper, 546 00:43:44,099 --> 00:43:46,449 because he was blind, 547 00:43:46,493 --> 00:43:48,364 but I think he was having the newspaper read to him by his daughter 548 00:43:48,408 --> 00:43:51,193 and Eichmann's name appeared 549 00:43:51,237 --> 00:43:53,239 and, of course, Lothar Hermann realized, 550 00:43:53,282 --> 00:43:55,415 "that must be the father of your friend." 551 00:43:55,458 --> 00:43:57,069 So Lothar Hermann went 552 00:43:57,112 --> 00:43:59,680 and immediately wrote to Bauer in Germany, 553 00:43:59,724 --> 00:44:01,726 saying it's definitely him. 554 00:44:01,769 --> 00:44:04,685 [typewriter clacking] 555 00:44:04,729 --> 00:44:09,603 IRMTRUD WOJAK: For Fritz Bauer, it was safer to bring him on trial in Israel. 556 00:44:10,517 --> 00:44:13,520 If the Germans would ask in Argentina 557 00:44:13,563 --> 00:44:16,218 to bring Eichmann to Germany, 558 00:44:16,262 --> 00:44:17,219 he would have been warned. 559 00:44:18,525 --> 00:44:21,963 And this would be the possibility to escape. 560 00:44:23,661 --> 00:44:26,228 I also think there was no interest in Germany 561 00:44:27,229 --> 00:44:28,796 to capture Eichmann. 562 00:44:29,579 --> 00:44:32,104 They didn't want to talk about the past. 563 00:44:33,409 --> 00:44:36,674 [telephone ringing] 564 00:44:36,717 --> 00:44:40,765 DEBORAH LIPSTADT: Bauer gave the information to the Israelis 565 00:44:40,808 --> 00:44:42,331 and nothing happened. 566 00:44:43,463 --> 00:44:46,771 One has to remember that this is the late 50s 567 00:44:47,423 --> 00:44:51,471 and Israel is barely a third-world country at that time. 568 00:44:52,602 --> 00:44:55,040 I think the feeling was that, 569 00:44:55,083 --> 00:44:59,000 we have current enemies in the Arab lands, etc. 570 00:44:59,044 --> 00:45:01,089 Should we fight our current enemies 571 00:45:01,133 --> 00:45:04,658 who stand possibly to destroy us now 572 00:45:04,702 --> 00:45:07,182 or should we go to settle scores from before? 573 00:45:08,270 --> 00:45:09,750 HANNA YABLONKA: Bauer insisted, 574 00:45:09,794 --> 00:45:11,621 he threatened the authorities 575 00:45:11,665 --> 00:45:13,362 that he will bring the information 576 00:45:13,406 --> 00:45:15,713 into the knowledge of the public. 577 00:45:15,756 --> 00:45:19,499 That there is a credible source 578 00:45:19,542 --> 00:45:21,936 that Eichmann is in Argentina 579 00:45:21,980 --> 00:45:23,155 and this worked. 580 00:45:25,984 --> 00:45:28,943 NARRATOR: Ben Gurion, the country's founder, 581 00:45:28,987 --> 00:45:31,946 is persuaded to bring Eichmann to trial in Israel 582 00:45:31,990 --> 00:45:35,167 and a secret mission to capture the fugitive is launched. 583 00:45:38,823 --> 00:45:40,476 BETTINA STANGNETH: When Eichmann was kidnapped, 584 00:45:40,520 --> 00:45:43,044 he was no longer living in Buenos Aires. 585 00:45:43,088 --> 00:45:46,482 He was on the outskirts in a kind of no man's land. 586 00:45:49,659 --> 00:45:52,662 And one fine day he arrives home on the bus. 587 00:45:54,142 --> 00:45:57,276 He then had to walk some distance to get to his house. 588 00:45:57,319 --> 00:45:59,234 There was no electricity, 589 00:45:59,278 --> 00:46:01,671 It was an unprotected area. 590 00:46:01,715 --> 00:46:04,065 It was easy to pick him off the streets. 591 00:46:05,458 --> 00:46:09,723 He walked on the Garibaldi street 592 00:46:09,767 --> 00:46:11,812 about 50 meters from his home 593 00:46:11,856 --> 00:46:14,293 and I walked on that side. 594 00:46:14,336 --> 00:46:17,296 We looked at each other, I saw... 595 00:46:17,339 --> 00:46:19,994 fear in his eyes, and I said, "Uno momentito," 596 00:46:20,038 --> 00:46:21,691 and I didn't finish the question 597 00:46:22,214 --> 00:46:24,520 and he retreated. 598 00:46:27,045 --> 00:46:30,309 I jumped on him. We fell into a ditch there. 599 00:46:30,352 --> 00:46:34,835 He then started howling and screaming and shouting. 600 00:46:34,879 --> 00:46:38,665 The three of them dragged him, still howling, into the car 601 00:46:40,101 --> 00:46:41,668 and the race was on. 602 00:46:46,891 --> 00:46:48,675 [suspenseful music playing] 603 00:46:54,028 --> 00:46:56,117 [speaking Hebrew] 604 00:47:17,008 --> 00:47:19,271 MAN [speaking English]: The Yagur base is a detention facility 605 00:47:19,314 --> 00:47:20,794 of the northern district 606 00:47:20,838 --> 00:47:22,883 and until Eichmann's arrival, 607 00:47:22,927 --> 00:47:25,059 there were dozens of prisoners there. 608 00:47:25,103 --> 00:47:27,235 They were removed 609 00:47:27,279 --> 00:47:29,890 and the detention facility was transformed into a fortress. 610 00:47:29,934 --> 00:47:32,675 Dozens of police officers are guarding just Eichmann. 611 00:47:33,241 --> 00:47:35,461 All this for only one inmate. 612 00:47:37,376 --> 00:47:40,509 There are many risks with such a detainee as this. 613 00:47:40,553 --> 00:47:43,730 The primary risk is that he could try to harm himself. 614 00:47:43,773 --> 00:47:48,169 Then there are also threats that neo-Nazis might try to break him free. 615 00:47:48,213 --> 00:47:49,736 And the third scenario 616 00:47:49,779 --> 00:47:51,999 is that someone from within Israel, 617 00:47:52,043 --> 00:47:55,873 either a Holocaust survivor or someone connected to the Holocaust 618 00:47:55,916 --> 00:47:58,310 or even one of the policemen close to him, 619 00:47:58,353 --> 00:48:00,529 might try to settle a score. 620 00:48:02,357 --> 00:48:06,884 [speaking German] 621 00:48:28,383 --> 00:48:29,689 [clamoring] 622 00:48:29,732 --> 00:48:31,865 REPORTER [speaking German] 623 00:48:41,092 --> 00:48:44,269 MAN [in German] 624 00:50:17,101 --> 00:50:19,886 NARRATOR [in English]: During his interrogation by the Israeli police, 625 00:50:19,929 --> 00:50:23,020 Eichmann claims that he was only following orders. 626 00:50:25,109 --> 00:50:27,459 But in Sassen's living room, 627 00:50:27,502 --> 00:50:30,027 Eichmann is aware that his words could incriminate him, 628 00:50:30,070 --> 00:50:33,508 so he asks that the recordings never be heard during his lifetime. 629 00:50:37,469 --> 00:50:38,905 ADOLF EICHMANN [speaking German] 630 00:51:11,198 --> 00:51:13,244 UKI GONI [in English]: When Eichmann was kidnapped, 631 00:51:13,287 --> 00:51:15,507 suddenly Sassen realized, 632 00:51:15,550 --> 00:51:19,250 here I have a chance to make a large amount of money 633 00:51:19,293 --> 00:51:21,600 by selling this. 634 00:51:21,643 --> 00:51:23,776 Uh, and I'll finally be able to make some money out of this project 635 00:51:23,819 --> 00:51:25,734 that I spent so much time on. 636 00:51:27,040 --> 00:51:29,042 And at the same time, he realized, 637 00:51:29,086 --> 00:51:32,001 if I do that, the other Nazis are going to kill me, 638 00:51:32,045 --> 00:51:34,700 because he's being the worst traitor of all. 639 00:51:35,266 --> 00:51:36,528 In the end, 640 00:51:36,571 --> 00:51:39,835 the opportunist won the battle 641 00:51:39,879 --> 00:51:43,100 over the more cautious person inside him 642 00:51:43,143 --> 00:51:47,104 and he sold the story to Life Magazine in the United States. 643 00:51:56,200 --> 00:51:59,116 NARRATOR: Four months before the trial, 644 00:51:59,159 --> 00:52:02,945 Life Magazine publishes sections of the Eichmann recordings. 645 00:52:02,989 --> 00:52:05,905 The confessions shock the world. 646 00:52:05,948 --> 00:52:09,430 Never before had a Nazi officer admitted publicly 647 00:52:09,474 --> 00:52:15,915 that the Holocaust was meticulously planned and carried out. 648 00:52:15,958 --> 00:52:18,831 LAWRENCE DOUGLAS: The publication of the Life Magazine interview 649 00:52:18,874 --> 00:52:22,051 was an astonishing moment 650 00:52:22,095 --> 00:52:25,620 in the international community, to have Eichmann's words 651 00:52:25,664 --> 00:52:29,146 suddenly splashed in front of Life Magazine, 652 00:52:29,189 --> 00:52:34,194 which at the time was one of the crucial magazines in the U.S. 653 00:52:34,238 --> 00:52:37,806 Obviously, it also had kind of a world audience as well. 654 00:52:39,417 --> 00:52:41,767 DEBORAH LIPSTADT: "Life" meant that this is important to America. 655 00:52:42,289 --> 00:52:43,682 It shocked people. 656 00:52:43,725 --> 00:52:45,553 For many Jews 657 00:52:45,597 --> 00:52:48,034 it meant the world was, 658 00:52:48,077 --> 00:52:49,949 for the first time really, 659 00:52:49,992 --> 00:52:53,257 taking notice of what had happened. 660 00:52:53,300 --> 00:52:56,869 Suddenly the world was looking at the tragedy 661 00:52:56,912 --> 00:52:59,872 that had destroyed one out of every three Jews alive 662 00:52:59,915 --> 00:53:02,266 on the face of the earth. 663 00:53:02,309 --> 00:53:04,224 Americans realized that this man 664 00:53:04,268 --> 00:53:06,835 who is being tried is really a monster. 665 00:53:08,402 --> 00:53:10,274 The article says, 666 00:53:10,317 --> 00:53:12,450 there are tapes of this man talking about what he did, 667 00:53:12,493 --> 00:53:15,757 telling the stories of what he did, describing what he did. 668 00:53:21,198 --> 00:53:24,853 Everyone at least who has the least bit of interest in this topic: 669 00:53:24,897 --> 00:53:26,072 Where are these tapes? 670 00:53:31,077 --> 00:53:33,079 YUVAL ELBASHAN: This is the smoking gun. 671 00:53:33,122 --> 00:53:36,430 If Eichmann says: "I acted, I took action, 672 00:53:36,474 --> 00:53:38,432 I wanted, I planned," 673 00:53:39,216 --> 00:53:41,261 he is no longer just a bureaucrat 674 00:53:41,305 --> 00:53:43,916 shifting papers from one place to the other. 675 00:53:43,959 --> 00:53:45,874 He changes things, 676 00:53:45,918 --> 00:53:47,180 embellishes them 677 00:53:47,833 --> 00:53:49,530 and sends them as a command. 678 00:53:50,270 --> 00:53:53,186 In this sense he becomes the leader. 679 00:53:56,885 --> 00:53:58,147 MICHAEL GOLDMANN-GILEAD [speaking German] 680 00:54:08,549 --> 00:54:11,073 LAWRENCE DOUGLAS [in English]: When Hausner read this interview, 681 00:54:11,117 --> 00:54:12,988 he immediately had to think, "Oh my God, 682 00:54:13,032 --> 00:54:15,643 "there's a whole wealth of information out there 683 00:54:15,687 --> 00:54:17,906 "that I don't yet have access to 684 00:54:17,950 --> 00:54:20,169 "and how do I get my hands on it?" 685 00:54:23,695 --> 00:54:28,090 Sassen, he bought himself a fantastic car with the money he made. 686 00:54:28,134 --> 00:54:29,831 He bought a Mercedes Benz. 687 00:54:31,833 --> 00:54:34,662 SASKIA SASSEN: The Nazis were still around in Argentina. 688 00:54:35,315 --> 00:54:38,144 They moved against my father, 689 00:54:38,187 --> 00:54:41,408 because my father betrayed, in their eyes. 690 00:54:42,366 --> 00:54:45,543 When the Eichmann story blows into the public, 691 00:54:45,586 --> 00:54:47,588 I was 13. 692 00:54:47,632 --> 00:54:51,766 My mother decides to leave. 693 00:54:51,810 --> 00:54:53,159 She couldn't take it. 694 00:54:54,291 --> 00:54:57,772 And I suddenly was in charge of the household. 695 00:54:57,816 --> 00:55:00,079 At 13. 696 00:55:00,122 --> 00:55:03,300 And my sister was simply terrified. 697 00:55:03,343 --> 00:55:06,868 Suddenly there were like three or five people in my house 698 00:55:06,912 --> 00:55:08,043 with big guns and I don't know what, 699 00:55:09,088 --> 00:55:12,961 they were Nazi affiliates. 700 00:55:13,005 --> 00:55:15,268 MAN [speaking German] 701 00:55:18,140 --> 00:55:21,013 MAN 2 702 00:55:22,971 --> 00:55:24,625 SASKIA SASSEN: I wasn't afraid, 703 00:55:25,539 --> 00:55:28,194 but it was another kind of experience that I had. 704 00:55:28,237 --> 00:55:31,719 It was more like... closer to horror than to fear. 705 00:55:32,807 --> 00:55:34,418 [arguing] 706 00:55:34,461 --> 00:55:36,158 NARRATOR: Among the intruders 707 00:55:36,202 --> 00:55:38,683 are the sons of Adolf Eichmann. 708 00:55:38,726 --> 00:55:41,773 they demand to know why Sassen betrayed their father? 709 00:55:43,775 --> 00:55:45,385 Sassen shocks them, 710 00:55:45,429 --> 00:55:47,300 claiming that he had the permission 711 00:55:47,344 --> 00:55:50,869 of their mother Vera to sell the transcripts. 712 00:55:50,912 --> 00:55:53,393 Knowing their father's defense strategy is reliant 713 00:55:53,437 --> 00:55:57,310 on keeping the tapes out of the hands of Gideon Hausner, 714 00:55:57,354 --> 00:55:59,878 they demand to know the location of the recordings. 715 00:55:59,921 --> 00:56:02,489 Sassen denies knowing their whereabouts. 716 00:56:02,533 --> 00:56:06,580 [arguing continues] 717 00:56:06,624 --> 00:56:10,410 Terrified, Sassen knows the tapes could be the prosecutor's smoking gun. 718 00:56:10,454 --> 00:56:12,586 He hides them in a safe place. 719 00:56:12,630 --> 00:56:17,765 Can he keep the tapes away from those looking to use them against Eichmann? 720 00:56:17,809 --> 00:56:20,942 On the next episode ofThe Devils' Confession: 721 00:56:20,986 --> 00:56:23,989 The Lost Eichmann Tapes 722 00:56:24,032 --> 00:56:26,339 Hausner focuses on obtaining the transcripts 723 00:56:26,383 --> 00:56:28,863 used for the Life Magazine article 724 00:56:28,907 --> 00:56:32,171 as the smoking gun that will prove Eichmann's guilt to the world. 725 00:56:34,652 --> 00:56:36,480 During a meeting with his lawyer, 726 00:56:36,523 --> 00:56:38,264 Eichmann is passed an encrypted code 727 00:56:38,307 --> 00:56:40,962 from the Nazi journalist Willem Sassen 728 00:56:41,006 --> 00:56:42,747 that emboldens his defense. 729 00:56:44,488 --> 00:56:48,970 "Don't worry. I've hidden the tapes." 730 00:56:49,014 --> 00:56:51,277 NARRATOR: As the Berlin Wall is being built 731 00:56:51,320 --> 00:56:54,062 and sides are taken in the Cold War, 732 00:56:54,106 --> 00:56:56,848 West German officials fear Eichmann's recordings 733 00:56:56,891 --> 00:57:01,461 will reveal that their new government is riddled with Nazis. 734 00:57:01,505 --> 00:57:04,290 LAWRENCE DOUGLAS: The Germans were very concerned. 735 00:57:04,333 --> 00:57:07,075 There were a lot of Nazis who remained in positions 736 00:57:07,119 --> 00:57:09,904 of high power within Germany itself. 737 00:57:09,948 --> 00:57:11,950 NARRATOR: And the fledgling State of Israel 738 00:57:11,993 --> 00:57:14,300 decides the security of their country 739 00:57:14,343 --> 00:57:16,041 far outweighs the importance 740 00:57:16,084 --> 00:57:18,043 of Attorney General Hausner's case 741 00:57:18,086 --> 00:57:19,305 against Eichmann. 742 00:57:23,744 --> 00:57:26,181 [closing theme music playing] 56564

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