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NTSB investigators face pressure like never before
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The eyes of the world were going beyond this
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A Piper Saratoga has crashed into the sea
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At the controls of the small plane one
of the biggest names in American life,
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John F Kennedy junior!
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He was a rising star
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Some people were thinking:
He had a shot of being a President of the US
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Another dark chapter in a tragic family-saga.
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00:00:41,126 --> 00:00:43,126
There was this Kennedy-curse
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Now all the world wants to know:
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"What is the real story behind the crash
that killed a Kennedy?"
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Brokkenpiloten seizoen 14 Editie 06
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It is a warm summer evening
at Essex County airport,
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less than an hour from the busy streets
of Manhattan
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The small airfield serves many
of New York's wealthy citizens,
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00:01:31,630 --> 00:01:34,755
boarding private planes
for weekend getaways
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00:01:38,107 --> 00:01:44,138
Preparing to pilot his own plane,
a man who in many ways is the elite of the elite,
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00:01:46,301 --> 00:01:48,622
John F Kennedy Jr.
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He was breathtakingly handsome.
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He was such a crowned prince,
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people kept awaiting for the moment
when he would run for office publicly
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it was like a sort of an assumption,
I think quietly in the background
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00:02:03,178 --> 00:02:08,747
Though JFK junior has not yet run for office,
he is already a huge celebrity.
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People magazine's sexiest man alive
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00:02:13,136 --> 00:02:15,957
"Lady and Gentlemen, meet George!"
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He is also the editor in chief
of his own splashy publication
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and most importantly, he is the only son of
the late President John Fitzgerald Kennedy.
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The public fascination with John Kennedy junior
stems from his father's extraordinary life
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and tragic death.
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The beloved President was cut
down by an assassins bullet,
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just three days before John junior's 3rd birthday.
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We watched this adorable little child
playing under the desk in the Oval Office
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We watched him riding on his
daddy's back in the White House,
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playing horsie with his daddy.
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We watched him of course at that
one terribly tragic and sad moment
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when this small child in a little short neat coat
saluted his father's casquet when he came by him
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36 years later, on a July evening,
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John Kennedy junior waits for his wife Caroline,
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who is running late.
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They are flying to a family-wedding
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00:03:26,575 --> 00:03:30,079
Also hitching a ride on Kennedy's
plane is his sister in law,
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Lauren Bessette.
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John plans to drop Lauren off
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and continue on with his wife to the Kennedy-
family compound in Hyannes port, Massachusetts
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I think
that he was impatient to get to the wedding,
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He was probably testy, whoingbe
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Though he had his pilot's
license for more than a year,
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this will be the first time
Kennedy has flown "Solo"
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since breaking his ankle,
six weeks earlier in a hang-glider accident
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He liked extreme sports,
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he liked to take risks, liked to push limits
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He wasn't satisfied with living just
in the straightened narrow lane
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At 8:20 PM, Kennedy's wife Caroline Bessette
arrives at the airport.
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Caroline Bessette was an American beauty,
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She was this Goddess like creature with
her beautiful blond hair pulled back
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They really were this amazingly
beautiful couple together.
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Since marrying John three years ago,
Caroline's been plunged into the media-spotlight
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Paparazzi haunt the famous couple at every turn
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They still went out, they went jogging,
they went walking with the dog
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They did their best to keep having a life
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The constant scrutiny turns off
signs of tension between the couple
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There are rumours that the marriage is in trouble.
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Still limping from his accident,
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Kennedy makes a final pre-flight
check of his new plane,
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a Piper Saratoga.
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It's a top of the line single engine 6-seater,
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00:05:38,130 --> 00:05:42,300
It was well equipped
with a Global Positioning System
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00:05:42,699 --> 00:05:46,972
The selling point for the Saratoga was
it has four club-seats, facing each other
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in the rear of the aircraft
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Seatbelts on, please
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00:05:51,724 --> 00:05:54,997
There are some head-sets back, there
if you want to listen to it
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00:06:14,618 --> 00:06:18,435
The flight to Marthas Vineyard
should take about 90 minutes
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After that, it's just a short hop to Hyannis Port
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00:06:23,466 --> 00:06:28,052
The route from Essex Kennedy Airport to Martha's
Vineyard was quite familiar to him,
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He has done it several times,
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At 8:40 PM, more than 2 hours behind schedule,
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the flight gets on their way
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75 knots,
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Like many private pilots,
Kennedy is flying under visual flight rules or VFR
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00:06:54,888 --> 00:06:58,060
You stay clear of clouds,
you have to have good visibility,
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00:06:58,349 --> 00:07:00,801
you are always looking outside,
able to see the horizon,
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00:07:00,826 --> 00:07:03,974
and orient the airplane, using your visual queues.
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That's the best view of New York
you are ever going to get
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00:07:09,444 --> 00:07:12,786
Once you turn toward the East,
you have a nice view of Manhattan.
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00:07:13,270 --> 00:07:15,179
The Hudson River,
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On a good day you could see a 30 miles or so,
at altitude.
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00:07:21,678 --> 00:07:25,224
Kennedy cruises at 5500 ft,
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a typical altitude for small planes
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Around 9:30 PM,
he leaves the mainland coast behind.
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His flightpath was following the coast,
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so he would want to go South,
over the Rhode Island Sound
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to line up and
set-up for a long straight end for the runway.
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He expects to reach their first destination
in about 0.5 hour
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But by 10:00 PM
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Martha's Vineyard Tower,
Security here
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The Air Traffic Controller at Martha's Vineyard
Airport has had no contact with Kennedy's plane
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Any word of that flight?
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Negative, I haven't been notified of that arrival
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Overdue flights are not uncommon
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but as the hours pass,
with no sign of the Piper Saratoga...
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...a chilling reality sets in.
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John F Kennedy, his wife and sister in law
are missing without a trace.
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The Kennedy curse is a handy monacor
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but there is some truth to it.
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The history of the Kennedy-family
is marked by tragedy.
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Joseph Kennedy Jr., JFK's late uncle,
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died while on a top secret mission in World War II
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President John F Kennedy and
his younger brother Robert
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were both assassinated.
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And numerous cousins have since died.
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It does seem like there is something,
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some pole over the family sometimes.
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At 03:00 AM,
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the FAA calls the coast guard and
launches a search for Kennedy's plane
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Now 5 hours overdue
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Curtis Sumrok of the US
Coastguard joins the search.
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00:09:44,778 --> 00:09:48,743
I think we did have a little bit of a hype
of hope that we would find this person
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because they did have such a tragic history.
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The first priority is to narrow the search area
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but there is little to go on.
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It looks like he didn't file a flight plan
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Kennedy's precise route is unknown
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00:10:05,896 --> 00:10:07,675
Unlike commercial aircraft,
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low flying private planes are not closely
monitored by Air traffic Control
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00:10:15,677 --> 00:10:20,786
The Coast Guard will have to use radar-data
to estimate Kennedy's last location.
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It's an approximation at best.
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00:10:25,169 --> 00:10:28,638
Once planes leave the coast,
to fly over open ocean,
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the radar system hear only if flying above 1100 ft
129
00:10:35,279 --> 00:10:37,505
We don't know what happens
after that altitude,
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00:10:37,530 --> 00:10:44,514
so if there was some attempt to recover,
it could fly 100 yards or it could fly 5 miles
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00:10:46,904 --> 00:10:50,863
All the search is no for certain
is that Kennedy's plane is missing
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and it's up to them to find it.
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At first light,
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00:11:00,294 --> 00:11:05,097
US military and local law enforcement-agencies
join forces with the Coast Guard
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00:11:05,121 --> 00:11:07,769
in a desperate hunt for Kennedy's plane
136
00:11:09,769 --> 00:11:13,159
Everyone knows that if the
small plane ditched at sea,
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survivors won't last long
in the cold Atlantic waters.
138
00:11:18,807 --> 00:11:23,865
The scale of the effort to search for the aircraft
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...it was massive
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00:11:25,913 --> 00:11:28,568
Typically that doesn't happen
in most aviation accidents,
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but this was,
This was JFK junior
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and it captured the eyes of the country
and the world.
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News that JFK junior,
one of America's favourite sons is missing...
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stunns the nation
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The public wants answers.
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00:11:44,601 --> 00:11:48,872
As soon as this story broke,
the media were on the roll
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It seems like every major news-organisation
had a presence in our parking line
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Trying to spot the 3 survivors
in miles of open water,
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is a mammoth-task
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00:12:04,317 --> 00:12:05,825
It's extremely difficult
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because you are looking for something
that is about the size of a basket ball
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and you are flying 100 - 300 ft above that.
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The outcry from the
public was great
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and there were people getting in their
private boats to go out and help search
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As the search-effort continues,
all of America seems to hold its breath
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People had to know the story
because on the one hand
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How could this happen,
on the other hand:
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there was this Kennedy-curse!
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As the hours pass, millions across America
and around the world begin to fear the worst.
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John Kennedy junior,
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may be lost for ever.
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The day after Kennedy's plane went missing,
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searchers make a grim discovery.
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Pieces of aircraft-debris
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floating in the fast currents of Martha's Vineyard
166
00:13:06,020 --> 00:13:10,817
There was a part of the nose-wheel,
some cushions
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one of the suitcases
was in there
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and various other parts
that were unidentifiable from the aircraft
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00:13:18,412 --> 00:13:22,404
The shattered pieces leave little hope
that anyone is alive.
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Everyone was hopeful
that there would be another outcome
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but it just never came.
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00:13:29,842 --> 00:13:35,771
Meanwhile, the NTSB is already at work
trying to figure out what went wrong.
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00:13:37,389 --> 00:13:43,294
Former US Army pilot Robert Pierce
will be the investigator in charge
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In terms of the visibility,
the curiosity by the American people
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this was Bob Pierce's biggest assignment
as an investigator in charge
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Pierce immediately
faces the possibility
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that the plane was brought down by
a deliberate criminal act.
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FBI files reveal that John F Kennedy junior
had been the target
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of at least 3 kidnapping threats
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00:14:19,865 --> 00:14:23,888
The most recent just 4 years earlier, in 1995.
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"Everybody loved the guy"
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Because there was a political figure on board,
there were many causes that were being repeated
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about a potential terrorist attacks
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...a bomb on board,
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was it shot down?
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The answers could lie with the wreckage,
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but it is still lost at the bottom of the Atlantic
188
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NAVY divers scout the ocean floor
searching for sunken debris.
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00:15:05,904 --> 00:15:06,950
For now,
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00:15:06,975 --> 00:15:11,701
investigators must learn what they can
from the Saratoga's flightpath
191
00:15:12,489 --> 00:15:15,863
They compile data from
coastal radar stations
192
00:15:15,888 --> 00:15:19,333
to build a picture of how
the plane was flying
193
00:15:31,297 --> 00:15:33,749
Why is he flying the wrong direction?
194
00:15:34,045 --> 00:15:39,614
We always consider recorded radar data
as a poor man's black box
195
00:15:39,639 --> 00:15:44,341
It is a way to get some information
in regards to the flight-path,
196
00:15:44,366 --> 00:15:46,482
the airspeed, the altitude
197
00:15:46,506 --> 00:15:50,435
And that was very helpful in this investigation.
198
00:15:52,170 --> 00:15:54,646
About 30 miles from
Martha's Vineyard,
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00:15:54,671 --> 00:15:58,014
the plane makes a series
of unusual manoeuvres
200
00:15:58,435 --> 00:16:02,402
OKAY, first he descends, he turns right
201
00:16:03,060 --> 00:16:05,060
and climbs again
202
00:16:06,091 --> 00:16:08,091
Level for one minute
203
00:16:17,277 --> 00:16:21,488
He is flying like someone
who cannot control the plane
204
00:16:23,426 --> 00:16:27,052
The pattern that was indicated
by radar was quite unusual
205
00:16:27,200 --> 00:16:31,099
for a normal type of descend
and approach to an airport
206
00:16:32,107 --> 00:16:35,619
We don't know at that point exactly why
207
00:16:37,610 --> 00:16:43,349
Finally, on July, the 20th,
4 days after Kennedy's plane went down,
208
00:16:43,374 --> 00:16:47,381
US NAVY divers locate the sunken wreckage...
209
00:16:47,779 --> 00:16:50,193
...and the bodies of the three people on board
210
00:16:52,147 --> 00:16:55,677
Good day, we are able to bring
closure to two families
211
00:16:55,919 --> 00:16:59,037
and I think that realise
is very important
212
00:16:59,819 --> 00:17:05,708
I can still remember pictures of him saluting
as the motor went by in the funeral procession
213
00:17:06,591 --> 00:17:09,529
I think that the
hardest part is seeing
214
00:17:09,554 --> 00:17:13,787
the tragic loss of so many
of the generations there
215
00:17:15,053 --> 00:17:18,372
John F Kennedy was really
the crown prince of this family
216
00:17:18,950 --> 00:17:23,372
It seems almost Shakespearian
in its tragedy the way we lost him.
217
00:17:26,749 --> 00:17:29,227
Hey, Jeff Guzetti
218
00:17:31,306 --> 00:17:36,919
NTSB investigator Jeff Guzetti flies
out from Washington to join the team
219
00:17:38,489 --> 00:17:41,285
My boss at the time called me saying:
220
00:17:41,310 --> 00:17:43,208
"Listen, if they find the wreckage,
221
00:17:43,233 --> 00:17:49,022
you are going to be the guy that is
going up there to lead the examination.
222
00:17:52,779 --> 00:17:55,450
He starts by studying video-evidence
223
00:17:55,474 --> 00:17:59,091
Images of the wreckage, captured by NAVY divers
224
00:18:04,002 --> 00:18:09,967
For Guzzetti, the way the pieces are fallen,
and the distance between them, are important clues.
225
00:18:10,444 --> 00:18:13,710
You have to answer
the first question:
226
00:18:13,735 --> 00:18:19,207
Did the airplane crash and
disintegrate upon impact
227
00:18:19,232 --> 00:18:22,513
or was there some sort of in-flight breakup?
228
00:18:27,888 --> 00:18:31,591
He hopes to answer that question by
locating what investigators call:
229
00:18:31,616 --> 00:18:33,748
"The four corners"
230
00:18:41,224 --> 00:18:44,822
When the nose, the tail and the two wings
are found close together,
231
00:18:44,846 --> 00:18:49,305
it is powerful evidence that the plane was intact
when it hit the ocean
232
00:18:54,571 --> 00:18:58,810
All the major components of the
airplane were in a localized area,
233
00:18:58,835 --> 00:19:01,693
120 ft beneath the surface of the water.
234
00:19:01,717 --> 00:19:05,919
So, we were very confident
that this was not an in-flight break up
235
00:19:11,318 --> 00:19:16,458
The discovery helps put to rest lingering fears
that there could have been a bomb on board.
236
00:19:20,866 --> 00:19:26,107
For investigators, eliminating one potential cause
is a step forward,
237
00:19:26,131 --> 00:19:28,904
but the job has only begun.
238
00:19:29,537 --> 00:19:34,286
Guzzetti knows he'll be feeling intense pressure,
every step of the way.
239
00:19:36,365 --> 00:19:42,583
The visibility, the crush of the media,
the eyes of the world we are going to be on this
240
00:19:42,794 --> 00:19:48,091
From that standpoint,
I knew I had to do my job by the book.
241
00:20:02,341 --> 00:20:08,974
Salvage efforts have recovered 75 %
of John's Piper Saratoga from the ocean
242
00:20:11,317 --> 00:20:16,740
If we were ever going to provide a story
to the public and the aviation community,
243
00:20:16,764 --> 00:20:18,044
and to the family
244
00:20:18,615 --> 00:20:23,107
we needed to clean as much evidence as we could
and that meant:
245
00:20:23,132 --> 00:20:27,755
Trying to find every piece that was available
in the wreckage
246
00:20:34,903 --> 00:20:39,024
Investigators begin a methodical analysis
of the debris.
247
00:20:45,284 --> 00:20:48,912
The small plane was not required
to carry flight recorders
248
00:20:48,937 --> 00:20:53,734
Guzzetti will have to uncover the story
behind this crash by interpreting the clues,
249
00:20:53,759 --> 00:20:56,216
imprinted on the crumbled debris
250
00:21:00,458 --> 00:21:04,191
If Guzzetti can understand exactly
how the plane hit the water,
251
00:21:04,216 --> 00:21:06,740
it might tell him what went wrong.
252
00:21:08,928 --> 00:21:12,325
"The right wing is much more damaged
than the left wing"
253
00:21:12,786 --> 00:21:16,997
Bit by bit,
the damage reveal how the plane came down.
254
00:21:18,091 --> 00:21:22,091
When you look at crush marks on a structure,
they can tell you a lot
255
00:21:22,115 --> 00:21:24,630
There is something called
'accordion crush damage'
256
00:21:24,654 --> 00:21:26,200
where you just take the structure,
257
00:21:26,225 --> 00:21:30,490
and the impact crushes it down
and it looks like an accordion
258
00:21:30,771 --> 00:21:35,200
which gives you an idea
of what the angle of impact was
259
00:21:38,730 --> 00:21:42,216
'Huh, I wasn't expecting that!'
260
00:21:42,403 --> 00:21:44,982
'The roof is badly damaged but...
261
00:21:45,287 --> 00:21:47,825
...no damage on the floor'.
262
00:21:51,606 --> 00:21:53,606
I think they were upside down
263
00:21:54,341 --> 00:21:56,128
banking right,
264
00:21:56,152 --> 00:21:57,714
hit the water,
265
00:21:57,738 --> 00:21:59,324
like this.
266
00:22:02,645 --> 00:22:07,247
The discovery paints a terrifying picture
of the flight's final moments
267
00:22:31,078 --> 00:22:35,958
Investigators know how the plane hit the water,
but they still don't know why.
268
00:22:36,146 --> 00:22:40,146
and mounting public pressure
is never far from their minds.
269
00:22:41,631 --> 00:22:44,771
I had heard that there was a newspaper
270
00:22:45,154 --> 00:22:50,669
that was offering $250,000
for any photograph of the wreckage
271
00:22:52,245 --> 00:22:55,779
Since I was in charge of taking
photographs of the wreckage,
272
00:22:55,804 --> 00:23:00,450
I had to make sure that all the
photographs were going to be secured
273
00:23:00,475 --> 00:23:02,161
and not leaking out.
274
00:23:10,149 --> 00:23:14,801
The pressure from the media,
they really want to know what is going on
275
00:23:14,825 --> 00:23:18,318
and if you are an investigator,
you have the pressure from your boss
276
00:23:18,490 --> 00:23:19,646
that get things done,
277
00:23:19,671 --> 00:23:24,029
so that the media and the public can
be informed of what is going on
278
00:23:26,529 --> 00:23:31,214
The Saratoga is a single engine propeller plane
279
00:23:33,034 --> 00:23:34,475
If that engine failed,
280
00:23:34,500 --> 00:23:38,232
it might explain why Kennedy
lost control of his plane
281
00:23:38,794 --> 00:23:41,271
Guzzetti examines the propeller blades
282
00:23:42,318 --> 00:23:44,198
The way they are bent and twisted,
283
00:23:44,223 --> 00:23:46,848
tells him they were spinning
when they hit the water
284
00:23:47,184 --> 00:23:48,685
The only way to get
that to happen,
285
00:23:48,710 --> 00:23:53,983
is to have a propeller under power,
being propelled by the engine,
286
00:23:54,008 --> 00:23:56,318
so he didn't have
a power problem
287
00:23:56,739 --> 00:23:58,739
The evidence is clear:
288
00:23:58,967 --> 00:24:00,967
There is nothing wrong with that engine
289
00:24:02,327 --> 00:24:05,677
Investigators shift their attention
to the complex mechanisms
290
00:24:05,702 --> 00:24:08,389
that control the motion of the plane.
291
00:24:08,889 --> 00:24:12,474
All right, let us run the cables
and see what kind of shape they are in
292
00:24:19,145 --> 00:24:26,004
A system of cables and rods connects the yoke to
the ailerons and flaps, elevators and rudder,
293
00:24:26,029 --> 00:24:28,396
that steer the airplane in flight.
294
00:24:29,287 --> 00:24:30,880
What about flight controls?
295
00:24:30,966 --> 00:24:35,240
Was there something about the way the airplane
was flying that was not pilot-induced,
296
00:24:35,265 --> 00:24:38,248
but was a problem with the airplane itself?
297
00:24:39,537 --> 00:24:43,023
If a control-cable breaks in mid-flight...
298
00:24:45,750 --> 00:24:49,531
...it can lead to a catastrophic loss of control.
299
00:24:55,750 --> 00:25:00,396
The entire world wants to know if that
is what happened in the night-sky
300
00:25:00,421 --> 00:25:03,178
of the coast of Martha's Vineyard.
301
00:25:07,303 --> 00:25:13,091
A close examination of the flight control system
of JFK Jr Piper Saratoga
302
00:25:13,161 --> 00:25:15,927
provides conclusive evidence.
303
00:25:16,013 --> 00:25:18,880
None of the control services malfunctioned.
304
00:25:25,672 --> 00:25:29,500
There is also no sign that the cable snapped
before the crash.
305
00:25:31,264 --> 00:25:34,621
We found control cables
that were separated,
306
00:25:34,646 --> 00:25:39,453
but they were separated in what we call
'Tensal overload' due to impact forces.
307
00:25:39,477 --> 00:25:44,085
It is supposed to corroded cable
or some sort of pre-existing failure.
308
00:25:45,866 --> 00:25:52,194
Investigators are left to wonder:
What else could have brought down JFK jr's plane?
309
00:26:02,008 --> 00:26:06,194
There is another failure
that might explain the bizarre flightpath
310
00:26:14,686 --> 00:26:18,035
Pilots rely on one instrument
more than any other
311
00:26:18,060 --> 00:26:21,232
to warn them when they are not
flying straight and level
312
00:26:22,513 --> 00:26:26,497
The attitude indicator
tracks the plane's motion in space
313
00:26:26,521 --> 00:26:29,169
Up and down, Left and right
314
00:26:33,016 --> 00:26:36,889
If it malfunctioned and gave
Kennedy faulty information,
315
00:26:36,928 --> 00:26:40,842
it might have fooled him into
steering the plane into the ocean.
316
00:26:47,861 --> 00:26:49,861
We harvest it,
317
00:26:49,885 --> 00:26:53,888
All of those components,
we took them to the NTSB's laboratory
318
00:26:53,913 --> 00:26:58,575
and photographed many of them
and disassembled them and looked inside.
319
00:27:00,724 --> 00:27:04,177
But after a thorough examination
of all the aircraft's instruments,
320
00:27:04,202 --> 00:27:06,865
the search for clues comes up empty.
321
00:27:10,740 --> 00:27:15,080
Investigators conclude there was nothing wrong
with the Piper Saratoga.
322
00:27:16,737 --> 00:27:21,143
We found no evidence of any kind
of pre-impact mechanical malfunction.
323
00:27:21,842 --> 00:27:25,943
All right, so you saw him out on the tarmac?
324
00:27:26,146 --> 00:27:28,748
The focus now shifts to the pilot.
325
00:27:29,217 --> 00:27:30,857
Do you know what time that was?
326
00:27:30,881 --> 00:27:34,099
Investigators asks witnesses
to help them piece together
327
00:27:34,124 --> 00:27:37,152
the final days of JFK jr's life
328
00:27:39,137 --> 00:27:41,240
They hope someone will
tell them something
329
00:27:41,272 --> 00:27:44,043
that might explain why he
lost control of his plane
330
00:27:45,848 --> 00:27:48,552
We wanted to do a
72 hour analysis
331
00:27:48,577 --> 00:27:51,685
of what the pilot was going
through prior to the event:
332
00:27:52,262 --> 00:27:55,770
What his actions were,
what his stressors might have been
333
00:27:55,795 --> 00:27:58,097
Who he talked to, what was on his mind,
those things very important
334
00:27:58,122 --> 00:28:00,622
what his physical
conditions might have been
335
00:28:00,646 --> 00:28:03,692
Those things are very important
in an accident like this
336
00:28:03,880 --> 00:28:07,325
Why did the pilot fail
to maintain control of the airplane?
337
00:28:08,325 --> 00:28:10,817
Is there anything out of the ordinary?
338
00:28:13,519 --> 00:28:16,601
They learned that Kennedy was
seen leaning on crutches,
339
00:28:16,626 --> 00:28:18,437
just before the flight.
340
00:28:19,843 --> 00:28:22,216
He had had surgery
done on his ankle,
341
00:28:22,241 --> 00:28:26,904
and he had just had a walking type
of cast removed the day before
342
00:28:32,951 --> 00:28:37,123
Pilots needs both their hands and their feet
to fly a plane.
343
00:28:38,592 --> 00:28:42,677
When you apply rudders
pedal-pressure in an airplane,
344
00:28:42,732 --> 00:28:46,084
it obviously goes through the
leg and through the ankle.
345
00:28:47,334 --> 00:28:51,396
Could Kennedy's injury
explain the fatal flightpath?
346
00:28:54,497 --> 00:28:57,669
A check of medical records provides the answer
347
00:28:58,575 --> 00:29:01,637
Though he was still using crutches
some of the time,
348
00:29:01,662 --> 00:29:05,200
his records show his ankle was strong enough
to fly the plane.
349
00:29:06,411 --> 00:29:08,411
He was fit to fly.
350
00:29:08,669 --> 00:29:11,348
That ankle shouldn't have given him
any trouble at all.
351
00:29:11,372 --> 00:29:13,372
It is another dead end.
352
00:29:15,833 --> 00:29:17,907
The search for clues continues,
353
00:29:17,932 --> 00:29:21,342
uncovering worrisome details
about a rocky marriage
354
00:29:21,366 --> 00:29:23,366
and mounting stress in Kennedy's life.
355
00:29:24,280 --> 00:29:27,154
I am just trying to get a sense
of his state of mind.
356
00:29:27,529 --> 00:29:31,130
Now, I understand his marriage was going
through a rough patch
357
00:29:33,107 --> 00:29:34,044
For months,
358
00:29:34,069 --> 00:29:38,779
John and Caroline's troubled relationship
has been fother for the tabloids
359
00:29:39,646 --> 00:29:45,474
Perhaps the strain distracted Kennedy
from the challenging task of piloting his plane
360
00:29:46,092 --> 00:29:49,497
Everyone comes out afterwards
and talks about this and that
361
00:29:49,522 --> 00:29:52,732
and that she was very difficult,
she was demanding
362
00:29:55,865 --> 00:29:59,638
But you never know how much of that
is just people speculating
363
00:30:04,489 --> 00:30:09,115
After a high profile launch,
Kennedy's magazine is also in trouble.
364
00:30:20,832 --> 00:30:26,651
He genuine launched that magazine 'George'
with an interesting in providing a voice,
365
00:30:26,676 --> 00:30:29,136
to bring power to his generation
366
00:30:30,379 --> 00:30:33,849
Magazines are pretty expensive and hard to run
367
00:30:34,021 --> 00:30:36,021
It wasn't doing to well by the end.
368
00:30:38,318 --> 00:30:41,700
Mr Kennedy led a very busy life.
369
00:30:42,529 --> 00:30:45,693
I am sure he had a lot on his mind that night
370
00:30:46,161 --> 00:30:48,740
Maybe that was what rattled him
when he was up there
371
00:30:49,911 --> 00:30:53,997
As in any activity,
your state of mind affects your behaviour.
372
00:30:54,068 --> 00:30:58,568
and for a pilot, that pilot may not realize
that the stress he is under,
373
00:30:58,593 --> 00:31:00,380
can affect how he flies,
374
00:31:00,405 --> 00:31:03,162
What is his decision-making skills are
at that point,
375
00:31:03,194 --> 00:31:06,204
in relation to how safe is it to go to fly today.
376
00:31:09,602 --> 00:31:13,997
Saratoga 9253 waiting for take off,
from runway 22
377
00:31:14,091 --> 00:31:18,786
John Kennedy Jr appeared to be the
definition of grace under pressure,
378
00:31:18,811 --> 00:31:20,998
but what was the real story?
379
00:31:21,022 --> 00:31:24,779
Did he have the piloting skills
to handle the added pressure...
380
00:31:24,803 --> 00:31:27,404
...of flying his own plane.
381
00:31:36,428 --> 00:31:39,629
Over 300 flight-hours, that was in total
382
00:31:39,654 --> 00:31:42,693
He had a fair number of
flight hours under his belt
383
00:31:43,725 --> 00:31:46,916
Investigators check John
Kennedy's training record
384
00:31:46,941 --> 00:31:50,576
to learn all they can about
his experience as a pilot.
385
00:31:50,600 --> 00:31:52,756
So, what did he learn in 300 hours?
386
00:31:55,498 --> 00:31:58,094
I'd like to try a few approaches again
387
00:31:59,946 --> 00:32:04,024
Kennedy had been taken lessons on and off
for 17 years
388
00:32:04,048 --> 00:32:07,342
but he had relatively little experience
flying on his own.
389
00:32:09,436 --> 00:32:12,311
Starting my descend now?
390
00:32:13,624 --> 00:32:15,341
In Mr Kennedy's case,
391
00:32:15,366 --> 00:32:21,393
of the 310 hours he had only
about 70 to 75 were by himself,
392
00:32:21,418 --> 00:32:23,077
flying solo.
393
00:32:29,053 --> 00:32:31,053
There is another troubling detail,
394
00:32:35,935 --> 00:32:38,125
I can't imagine any of them
got to know the guy too well.
395
00:32:39,711 --> 00:32:42,443
Kennedy trained with a lot
of different instructors
396
00:32:42,468 --> 00:32:43,912
during those years.
397
00:32:44,701 --> 00:32:46,701
Should I throttle back more?
398
00:32:47,161 --> 00:32:50,528
I would not want to train
the way Mr Kennedy ended up training
399
00:32:50,553 --> 00:32:52,888
I would prefer to stick with one instructor
400
00:32:52,912 --> 00:32:56,591
especially during
the instrument portion of that training.
401
00:32:58,099 --> 00:32:59,309
Hey,
402
00:32:59,334 --> 00:33:00,404
sorry I am late
403
00:33:04,021 --> 00:33:08,052
Tim O'Neill
was one of John Kennedy's instructors.
404
00:33:08,372 --> 00:33:10,372
He was a very busy person,
405
00:33:10,396 --> 00:33:14,052
so he'd be running in and running out
and sometimes he'd be running late
406
00:33:14,076 --> 00:33:16,654
'I hate that highway,
it is always packed'
407
00:33:18,459 --> 00:33:20,750
It is not very helpful in a learning process
408
00:33:20,775 --> 00:33:22,805
to have other things on your mind.
409
00:33:27,210 --> 00:33:30,403
So, I read what you told my colleague
410
00:33:30,428 --> 00:33:32,888
I just need to confirm a few things.
411
00:33:33,912 --> 00:33:37,458
Investigators learn
of another tragic pre-flight choice
412
00:33:37,482 --> 00:33:39,575
one that might have made all the difference
413
00:33:39,599 --> 00:33:43,279
You actually offered to make the flight with him
on that night?
414
00:33:43,669 --> 00:33:47,524
One of his instructors offered to fly with him
at the day of the crash
415
00:33:49,289 --> 00:33:51,876
'Thanks for the offer, but I want to do it alone'
416
00:33:54,415 --> 00:33:58,263
That is probably the biggest point, right here
417
00:33:58,318 --> 00:34:00,380
He made the decision to continue
418
00:34:00,443 --> 00:34:04,091
not realizing the importance
of the stress-ors that were on them himself
419
00:34:04,115 --> 00:34:06,115
and his own limitations.
420
00:34:07,123 --> 00:34:10,107
He is only qualified for visual flying.
421
00:34:10,599 --> 00:34:13,622
He hadn't finished his training
for instrument-only flights!
422
00:34:14,185 --> 00:34:15,847
Investigators also learn
423
00:34:15,872 --> 00:34:19,114
that Kennedy was still working
towards his instrument rating
424
00:34:19,138 --> 00:34:22,247
A crucial qualification for flying at night...
425
00:34:22,271 --> 00:34:24,271
...or in bad weather
426
00:34:24,959 --> 00:34:27,457
Instrument flying is one of
the hardest ratings to get
427
00:34:27,482 --> 00:34:30,794
when you are moving up through your licenses
and ratings.
428
00:34:31,700 --> 00:34:34,685
And it involves flying
without looking outside the aircraft.
429
00:34:34,709 --> 00:34:38,146
So that when you are in the clouds,
you can maintain control of the aircraft.
430
00:34:38,560 --> 00:34:41,747
So he was not ready to fly if he couldn't see.
431
00:34:42,786 --> 00:34:45,505
So, could he see, or not?
432
00:34:47,271 --> 00:34:50,294
I need the most detailed weather available
433
00:34:51,115 --> 00:34:53,599
With an instrument rating,
you are able to take off
434
00:34:53,623 --> 00:34:55,623
flying in through the clouds,
435
00:34:58,037 --> 00:35:02,568
and continue on where visual flight rules
you would be unable to take off
436
00:35:03,146 --> 00:35:08,833
Computer records reveal that Kennedy
checked the weather online at 6:48 PM
437
00:35:08,857 --> 00:35:11,466
It was a clear day with good visibility.
438
00:35:12,904 --> 00:35:15,413
But Caroline's last minute shopping
439
00:35:15,639 --> 00:35:20,827
and the heavy rush hour traffic pushed
their departure time back by more than two hours.
440
00:35:22,733 --> 00:35:23,872
'Anything heard from your sister?'
441
00:35:23,896 --> 00:35:25,896
'No, she went shopping, I guess'
442
00:35:26,521 --> 00:35:29,083
'It is Friday,
I told her it was going to be jammed
443
00:35:30,942 --> 00:35:34,420
By that time,
weather-conditions were deteriorating.
444
00:35:34,505 --> 00:35:37,802
With haze, making it hard to see the horizon.
445
00:35:38,857 --> 00:35:41,622
Interviews with pilots flying that evening,
446
00:35:41,647 --> 00:35:45,998
reveal that visibility was
especially bad below 6000 ft.
447
00:35:46,154 --> 00:35:49,099
the altitude at which Kennedy was flying.
448
00:35:51,700 --> 00:35:57,193
There was some haze coming and going
and some stations reported some mist .
449
00:36:03,117 --> 00:36:05,117
'I hope it clears up for the weekend'
450
00:36:06,789 --> 00:36:09,771
Investigators believe Kennedy
found himself flying
451
00:36:09,796 --> 00:36:12,092
in difficult visual conditions
452
00:36:12,646 --> 00:36:15,574
Conditions too dark and hazy for a pilot,
453
00:36:15,599 --> 00:36:19,450
used to rely on visual queues
instead of instruments.
454
00:36:23,536 --> 00:36:26,255
Not a great night for this guy to be flying
455
00:36:28,739 --> 00:36:32,154
The weather plays an immense
role in all aviation-accidents,
456
00:36:32,179 --> 00:36:34,810
even when you may not think it would
457
00:36:35,951 --> 00:36:39,693
They wonder if Kennedy was getting
weather-updates during the flight
458
00:36:41,803 --> 00:36:43,803
'127.25'
459
00:36:45,170 --> 00:36:46,950
To get accurate information,
460
00:36:46,982 --> 00:36:51,685
he would have had to tune his radio to the
weather transmission from Martha's Vineyard
461
00:36:53,927 --> 00:36:57,093
The radio from Kennedy's plane
is among the many parts,
462
00:36:57,118 --> 00:36:59,241
salvaged from the ocean.
463
00:37:00,312 --> 00:37:02,267
Investigators test the radio
464
00:37:02,292 --> 00:37:04,239
to confirm that it was working
465
00:37:04,638 --> 00:37:08,193
Then, they check to see
if it was set at the right frequency.
466
00:37:09,224 --> 00:37:12,505
Fingers crossed if you can figure out
what he dialled in
467
00:37:19,864 --> 00:37:21,864
126.25
468
00:37:22,567 --> 00:37:24,567
He was off by one digit.
469
00:37:25,161 --> 00:37:28,682
Kennedy had tuned his radio to the wrong frequency
470
00:37:29,509 --> 00:37:32,896
In this case, the frequency was off by one number
471
00:37:34,482 --> 00:37:36,543
The discovery tells investigators
472
00:37:36,568 --> 00:37:40,490
that Kennedy likely wasn't getting
the weather-updates he needed.
473
00:37:41,850 --> 00:37:43,850
But it tells them something else as well
474
00:37:43,874 --> 00:37:47,404
something that may finally explain
the fatal crash...
475
00:37:47,428 --> 00:37:50,365
...that saddened an entire nation.
476
00:37:56,536 --> 00:38:01,005
Investigators zero in on a theory
that may explain the fatal accident
477
00:38:01,030 --> 00:38:06,536
that killed John F Kennedy junior,
his wife Caroline and her sister Lauren
478
00:38:06,825 --> 00:38:08,521
At the centre of it all,
479
00:38:08,546 --> 00:38:13,411
a pilot in over his head battling
a mounting list of pressures.
480
00:38:16,107 --> 00:38:19,230
Having problems at work,
I need to get to this wedding,
481
00:38:19,255 --> 00:38:23,127
my ankle hurt, I get in the airplane,
that is why I bought this airplane,
482
00:38:23,152 --> 00:38:24,747
I need to get from
point A to point B
483
00:38:24,772 --> 00:38:27,810
that is the whole point of having
this airplane and learning to fly
484
00:38:27,834 --> 00:38:29,834
So, we are going to go
485
00:38:30,544 --> 00:38:33,016
I think I know why things started to go wrong
486
00:38:40,001 --> 00:38:43,187
A badly tuned radio,
and a hazy night
487
00:38:43,212 --> 00:38:48,533
allow investigators to imagine a scenario
that may explain the flight's tragic end.
488
00:38:48,978 --> 00:38:50,978
It started after he cleared New York
489
00:38:54,829 --> 00:38:56,433
In hazy conditions,
490
00:38:56,458 --> 00:39:00,834
Kennedy would have no visual reference
to tell him which way is up.
491
00:39:03,501 --> 00:39:05,365
The visibility was bad...
492
00:39:05,390 --> 00:39:07,224
...and it is getting worse
493
00:39:07,248 --> 00:39:09,248
He starts his descend
494
00:39:12,834 --> 00:39:15,443
As it was getting dark
in marginal conditions,
495
00:39:15,468 --> 00:39:18,754
he was in a very precarious
area for Visual Flight Rules
496
00:39:18,779 --> 00:39:20,615
or VFR flying
497
00:39:21,881 --> 00:39:27,044
As he made it out over the water,
and all those lights from behind him,
498
00:39:27,169 --> 00:39:29,615
all that visual reference was gone.
499
00:39:29,951 --> 00:39:33,154
He looks away from his instruments
500
00:39:43,440 --> 00:39:45,782
Maybe he was trying to tune the radio
501
00:39:47,915 --> 00:39:51,056
He might look to see if
the frequency had changed
502
00:39:51,081 --> 00:39:53,990
or if he had got it wrong in his mind
503
00:39:54,014 --> 00:39:56,014
'Still nothing'
504
00:39:57,257 --> 00:39:59,560
'Just set with the radio, no big deal'
505
00:40:01,248 --> 00:40:02,551
While all events going on
506
00:40:02,576 --> 00:40:06,107
it is quite easy for the airplane
to slip into a little bit of a bank
507
00:40:06,132 --> 00:40:08,248
one direction or another
508
00:40:11,654 --> 00:40:15,489
If you are in a turn,
for an extended period of time,
509
00:40:15,802 --> 00:40:18,732
your inner ear can feel a reverse of the turn
510
00:40:18,757 --> 00:40:22,677
and you can get become
spatially disorientated very easy
511
00:40:27,116 --> 00:40:29,116
'It can't be'
512
00:40:29,506 --> 00:40:32,036
He looks back,
his instruments are telling him one thing
513
00:40:32,061 --> 00:40:34,061
his senses another
514
00:40:40,517 --> 00:40:44,316
You have to be well trained
to disregard what your brain is saying
515
00:40:44,341 --> 00:40:47,544
and look at your instruments, work on your scan,
516
00:40:47,568 --> 00:40:49,568
and fly by your instruments
517
00:41:11,327 --> 00:41:13,263
Once he becomes disoriented,
518
00:41:13,288 --> 00:41:17,654
Kennedy is too inexperienced to force
himself to believe his instruments,
519
00:41:17,679 --> 00:41:20,661
no matter what his senses are telling him
520
00:41:25,427 --> 00:41:29,514
He may not even have known,
what type of unusual attitude he was in
521
00:41:29,538 --> 00:41:31,967
and he was about to hit the water.
522
00:41:39,170 --> 00:41:41,170
It is spatial disorientation
523
00:41:42,544 --> 00:41:47,569
You are really left with the gaping possibility
that was always there
524
00:41:47,594 --> 00:41:51,414
which was the classic case
of spatial disorientation
525
00:41:51,438 --> 00:41:54,802
which unfortunately has killed so many pilots.
526
00:42:18,686 --> 00:42:22,267
Investigators conclude that
Kennedy's strange flightpath
527
00:42:22,292 --> 00:42:25,810
is the result of his confused efforts
to level the plane
528
00:42:26,302 --> 00:42:28,302
It is one sorry flightpath
529
00:42:30,028 --> 00:42:32,028
Textbook disorientation
530
00:42:37,976 --> 00:42:40,488
The NTSB's official report cites:
531
00:42:40,513 --> 00:42:43,717
Kennedy's failure to maintain control
of the airplane
532
00:42:43,741 --> 00:42:46,427
during a descend over water at night
533
00:42:47,841 --> 00:42:49,830
The high profile of the accident
534
00:42:49,855 --> 00:42:53,708
brings new attention to the
dangers of spatial disorientation
535
00:42:53,732 --> 00:42:57,395
especially for pilots
who are new to instrument flying
536
00:42:58,864 --> 00:43:00,546
I always try to teach students:
537
00:43:00,571 --> 00:43:02,688
"Be ready to buy an airline ticket'
538
00:43:02,938 --> 00:43:07,460
And there was numerous cases
where my students left their plane where it was
539
00:43:07,484 --> 00:43:09,802
And they call me and I go and pick it up for them
540
00:43:10,051 --> 00:43:12,490
You need to always have an out
541
00:43:12,514 --> 00:43:14,514
And an airline ticket ...
542
00:43:14,538 --> 00:43:16,538
...is your best out
543
00:43:17,280 --> 00:43:21,575
I don't think the public wanted to accept
a pilot error
544
00:43:21,724 --> 00:43:25,238
or pilot arrogance
which may have been the same thing in this case
545
00:43:25,263 --> 00:43:27,076
as the cause
546
00:43:28,177 --> 00:43:32,737
Losing him was one thing
but losing him to his own mistake
547
00:43:32,810 --> 00:43:34,810
made it much worse
548
00:43:36,232 --> 00:43:38,810
A young person was such promise
549
00:43:38,834 --> 00:43:40,154
Some people were thinking:
550
00:43:40,179 --> 00:43:43,474
He had a shot of being
President of the United States
551
00:43:44,154 --> 00:43:48,833
In the end
we lost a piece of our American innocence
552
00:43:49,520 --> 00:43:51,520
It was a tragedy.
553
00:44:02,146 --> 00:44:04,583
Narrator: Jonathan Aris
554
00:44:04,607 --> 00:44:12,224
Subtitles:
Rein Croonen
48736
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