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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:02:09,000 --> 00:02:11,840 Let’s start at the end. As always. 2 00:02:12,759 --> 00:02:17,680 Piero Portaluppi died on 6 July 1967. 3 00:02:20,719 --> 00:02:23,039 He passed away of old age in his bed, 4 00:02:23,960 --> 00:02:25,319 in his centuries old home, 5 00:02:25,960 --> 00:02:27,101 across the street from the Church of 6 00:02:27,120 --> 00:02:29,960 Santa Maria delle Grazie in Corso Magenta in Milan. 7 00:02:31,159 --> 00:02:32,360 His Milan. 8 00:02:34,439 --> 00:02:35,960 At the same time in London, 9 00:02:36,319 --> 00:02:39,240 the Beatle’s Sgt. Pepper’s album was triumphing 10 00:02:39,919 --> 00:02:41,919 and in Vietnam, the U.S. Marine offensive 11 00:02:42,080 --> 00:02:44,599 was failing on the Mekong Delta. 12 00:02:59,240 --> 00:03:02,360 A few days later, Luisa, the beloved daughter, 13 00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:06,120 rowed a boat into the middle of Lake Maggiore. 14 00:03:06,639 --> 00:03:08,319 As soon as she was far enough 15 00:03:08,479 --> 00:03:09,960 away from shore, with her son’s help, 16 00:03:10,319 --> 00:03:13,520 she dumped some large, black bags into the lake. 17 00:03:14,439 --> 00:03:15,639 They sank to the bottom. 18 00:03:16,719 --> 00:03:18,319 Or so the legend goes. 19 00:03:18,960 --> 00:03:20,719 We don’t know what was in those bags. 20 00:03:21,400 --> 00:03:23,840 We’re not even sure whether the legend is true. 21 00:03:24,400 --> 00:03:26,360 But this is where our story begins. 22 00:03:27,639 --> 00:03:30,039 Because what is left of a man, after sifting 23 00:03:30,199 --> 00:03:33,919 through memories, is but a handful of anecdotes. 24 00:03:34,680 --> 00:03:36,560 The black bags that sank to the bottom 25 00:03:36,680 --> 00:03:41,439 tell the fate Piero Portaluppi was destined to. 26 00:03:42,719 --> 00:03:43,919 Famous during his lifetime, 27 00:03:44,439 --> 00:03:47,599 ostentatious, a champion of his times, 28 00:03:48,199 --> 00:03:52,360 in the forty years following his death, he too sank. 29 00:03:54,479 --> 00:03:55,479 He was forgotten. 30 00:03:56,319 --> 00:03:59,520 The Amateur 31 00:04:43,240 --> 00:04:46,079 Many years later, his great grandchildren found 32 00:04:46,240 --> 00:04:49,160 dozens of 16 mm film reels in an old trunk, 33 00:04:50,399 --> 00:04:53,160 perfectly preserved and catalogued. 34 00:04:54,360 --> 00:04:57,600 They were films shot, edited, and archived 35 00:04:57,759 --> 00:04:59,599 by their great grandfather throughout his life, 36 00:05:00,560 --> 00:05:02,199 left locked up for thirty years. 37 00:06:00,079 --> 00:06:03,399 Piero Portaluppi’s formidable career begins 38 00:06:03,560 --> 00:06:06,199 as Old Europe’s civilization is coming to an end. 39 00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:12,120 On all fronts, the corpses of ten million young, idealistic men 40 00:06:12,600 --> 00:06:15,560 fall in the trenches of the First World War. 41 00:06:18,639 --> 00:06:21,639 Portaluppi also joins the war as a lieutenant. 42 00:06:22,079 --> 00:06:24,360 And he too, son of an engineer, 43 00:06:24,600 --> 00:06:26,280 alongside the proletarians in the trenches, 44 00:06:26,720 --> 00:06:30,079 discovers the dizziness of war and the faith of national pride. 45 00:06:34,079 --> 00:06:35,879 Fighting side-by-side with millions 46 00:06:36,040 --> 00:06:38,839 of illiterate farmers, he, like them, 47 00:06:39,160 --> 00:06:40,720 feels the death of an era and 48 00:06:40,839 --> 00:06:42,680 the beginning of a new one. 49 00:06:48,240 --> 00:06:49,759 However, he gets detailed to the 50 00:06:49,920 --> 00:06:52,560 hydroelectric power plants in Val Formazza. 51 00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:58,759 The family says that after the defeat at the Battle of Caporetto, 52 00:06:58,920 --> 00:07:01,759 he asked to be reassigned to active duty. 53 00:07:02,399 --> 00:07:04,040 No one in the family knows, however, 54 00:07:04,199 --> 00:07:06,199 whether the request was approved. 55 00:07:08,639 --> 00:07:11,439 In Val d’Ossola and Val Formazza, Portaluppi designs 56 00:07:11,600 --> 00:07:14,560 grandiose, fairy-tale-like hydroelectric power plants 57 00:07:14,800 --> 00:07:17,839 for Ettore Conti, a magnate and pioneer of the electricity industry. 58 00:07:22,680 --> 00:07:27,439 Massacres and culture. Catastrophe and progress. 59 00:08:34,240 --> 00:08:36,640 The walls enclose the thundering roar of the turbines inside, 60 00:08:37,000 --> 00:08:39,360 but outside, Portaluppi’s power plants 61 00:08:39,519 --> 00:08:42,080 look like whimsical castles from another age. 62 00:08:43,799 --> 00:08:45,679 The overall appearance is, in fact, 63 00:08:45,960 --> 00:08:48,480 that of a neo-Medieval fantasy. 64 00:08:53,919 --> 00:08:55,199 There is a modern element though; 65 00:08:55,600 --> 00:08:56,860 the electricity powered by mass quantities 66 00:08:56,879 --> 00:08:58,440 of water in movement. 67 00:08:58,639 --> 00:09:01,360 But to the young architect, modernity 68 00:09:01,919 --> 00:09:03,320 is a mere production design. 69 00:09:03,960 --> 00:09:07,440 A gala evening, a social event, 70 00:09:08,320 --> 00:09:09,960 and brilliant 71 00:11:15,879 --> 00:11:19,639 Let’s take a step back. Even Piero Portaluppi 72 00:11:19,799 --> 00:11:22,519 has a family history. Like all families. 73 00:11:31,919 --> 00:11:34,840 His biological father, Oreste, a lower middle-class man, 74 00:11:35,080 --> 00:11:37,600 died when Piero was only ten years old. 75 00:11:39,200 --> 00:11:42,720 The early death of his father causes a seismic fault 76 00:11:43,039 --> 00:11:45,600 of profound insecurity to open up in young Piero. 77 00:11:48,679 --> 00:11:50,559 It manifests itself throughout his childhood 78 00:11:50,720 --> 00:11:54,000 and adolescence as a very pronounced stutter. 79 00:11:54,879 --> 00:11:58,519 Piero compensates with early signs of artistic flair: 80 00:11:59,080 --> 00:12:03,200 as a child he starts to show great talent in drawing. 81 00:12:06,399 --> 00:12:09,759 He expresses this gift by sketching exuberant cartoons 82 00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:12,360 later published in the Guerrin Meschino, 83 00:12:12,919 --> 00:12:14,759 a satirical humour magazine edited by the 84 00:12:14,919 --> 00:12:16,559 Milanese Scapigliatura artistic movement. 85 00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:23,240 Even his aptitude for dancing on the edge 86 00:12:23,399 --> 00:12:26,720 of things and events manifests itself early on. 87 00:12:27,279 --> 00:12:30,200 It will stay with him forever, until the end. 88 00:12:36,080 --> 00:12:39,639 Right before the war, young Piero gets engaged to Lia Baglia, 89 00:12:40,240 --> 00:12:44,120 the electricity magnate, Ettore Conti’s niece. 90 00:12:44,600 --> 00:12:47,000 The couple get married in June 1913. 91 00:12:47,879 --> 00:12:50,759 Lia keeps a secret diary until the eve 92 00:12:50,919 --> 00:12:53,240 of her wedding. After that, the pages are blank: 93 00:12:54,840 --> 00:12:57,000 the story of the Amateur begins. 94 00:14:43,440 --> 00:14:44,800 Casting off his grey-green uniform, 95 00:14:45,039 --> 00:14:47,759 Portaluppi enters the Milanese jet set. 96 00:14:48,279 --> 00:14:49,840 He makes quite a spectacular entrance. 97 00:14:51,960 --> 00:14:54,720 He is talented, vain, playful. 98 00:14:55,159 --> 00:14:58,519 He draws freehand masterfully, drives customized convertibles 99 00:14:58,759 --> 00:15:03,080 and boasts pea-green ties, the only man in all of Milan to wear them. 100 00:15:09,600 --> 00:15:12,960 Lia… his wife. 101 00:15:17,600 --> 00:15:22,080 A daughter is born, Luisa, the pretty daughter, the adored child. 102 00:15:23,039 --> 00:15:27,120 Then they have a son, Oreste, named after his grandfather. 103 00:15:36,039 --> 00:15:38,879 In Val Formazza, the young, eccentric architect 104 00:15:39,080 --> 00:15:42,320 designs and builds a restaurant in a train coach 105 00:15:42,720 --> 00:15:47,960 at 2,300 metres above sea level next to a holiday resort. 106 00:15:51,679 --> 00:15:53,519 It is a day in late spring. 107 00:15:54,200 --> 00:15:56,399 Portaluppi has brought his family for a visit. 108 00:15:58,600 --> 00:16:00,600 The people on the film are shot for 109 00:16:00,840 --> 00:16:03,279 the first time by the Amateur’s camera. 110 00:16:07,320 --> 00:16:09,519 In his life like at his job, 111 00:16:09,919 --> 00:16:12,080 Portaluppi seduces his way around. 112 00:16:12,600 --> 00:16:15,279 He seduces women, society, time. 113 00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:19,159 He shapes the world according to his own tastes. 114 00:16:21,159 --> 00:16:23,679 Pulling faces, doing somersaults, keeping distances. 115 00:16:24,159 --> 00:16:27,799 This seems to be, from the onset, his guiding star. 116 00:16:28,519 --> 00:16:30,120 Even with his family. 117 00:16:50,240 --> 00:16:53,759 His home movies show laughter, joking around, games. 118 00:16:54,639 --> 00:16:56,679 Every day of the week, in every season, 119 00:16:56,840 --> 00:17:00,159 it is always a Sunday in life. 120 00:17:02,360 --> 00:17:03,679 A Sunday in summer. 121 00:17:42,720 --> 00:17:45,079 The camera falls in love with a face. 122 00:17:46,440 --> 00:17:48,599 This is cinema. 123 00:17:49,759 --> 00:17:51,141 In the cinema of the Amateur filmmaker, 124 00:17:51,160 --> 00:17:53,000 the face always belongs to a woman. 125 00:17:54,279 --> 00:17:56,119 Beauty and semi-darkness. 126 00:17:56,720 --> 00:18:00,799 Fixed gazes into the lens. Seductive and seduced. 127 00:18:20,000 --> 00:18:21,599 Our cathedral 128 00:18:43,599 --> 00:18:47,839 His descendants take us to the same places from the past. 129 00:18:51,400 --> 00:18:54,599 Their beauty and life has been preserved. 130 00:18:55,359 --> 00:18:58,599 Untouched by the present. 131 00:19:13,599 --> 00:19:15,279 At the beginning of the 1920s, 132 00:19:15,440 --> 00:19:18,480 Piero Portaluppi goes off like fireworks. 133 00:19:19,279 --> 00:19:22,640 After the electric power plants, he designs factories, villas, 134 00:19:22,799 --> 00:19:25,039 stores, tombs, company pavilions, 135 00:19:25,319 --> 00:19:27,240 residential and office buildings, 136 00:19:27,400 --> 00:19:31,559 refurbishes luxurious mansions and restores ancient churches. 137 00:19:38,240 --> 00:19:40,400 In a few short years, he goes from designing 138 00:19:40,559 --> 00:19:42,920 his famous projects for imaginary cities, 139 00:19:43,759 --> 00:19:45,319 to designing for Milan’s urban planning, 140 00:19:45,400 --> 00:19:48,680 the only true city that exists in his mind. 141 00:19:51,160 --> 00:19:54,359 Portaluppi soon becomes a renowned architect. 142 00:19:55,440 --> 00:19:58,839 He makes a name for himself and buys a house. 143 00:20:05,200 --> 00:20:08,440 The Casa degli Atellani becomes the home of Ettore Conti, 144 00:20:08,920 --> 00:20:11,319 'His Eminence, Senator of the Kingdom’. 145 00:20:14,039 --> 00:20:16,839 And Portaluppi, not intimidated in the least 146 00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:20,119 by past centuries, does away with formalities, 147 00:20:20,640 --> 00:20:23,519 and reinvents it for Conti at the beginning of the 1920s. 148 00:20:32,680 --> 00:20:36,119 He designs a kaleidoscope true to his variegated and flawless taste. 149 00:20:36,480 --> 00:20:38,160 He adorns it with embellishments and décor 150 00:20:38,319 --> 00:20:40,799 inspired by his extravagant passions: 151 00:20:42,440 --> 00:20:44,720 signs of the zodiac, sundials, modern inscriptions, 152 00:20:45,440 --> 00:20:47,759 maxims and plays on words. 153 00:20:48,839 --> 00:20:52,400 Agere, non loqui. Do, don’t talk. 154 00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:17,119 Within its walls, the architect lives with 155 00:21:17,279 --> 00:21:20,400 his wife, Lia, the magnate’s niece. 156 00:21:21,200 --> 00:21:23,680 This is where he showcases his artistic skills. 157 00:21:23,960 --> 00:21:25,039 He studies triangulation, 158 00:21:25,240 --> 00:21:27,599 transcends the customs of his social class 159 00:21:27,759 --> 00:21:30,200 into shapes with a cinematic cut. 160 00:21:33,599 --> 00:21:35,759 This is where he views his daughter, 161 00:21:36,480 --> 00:21:38,359 makes her pose for the camera. 162 00:21:44,160 --> 00:21:46,720 The camera falls in love with a face. 163 00:22:11,720 --> 00:22:13,039 Ettore Conti is one of the 164 00:22:13,200 --> 00:22:14,839 most influential figures of the century. 165 00:22:15,359 --> 00:22:17,559 A great industrialist, a great pioneer, 166 00:22:17,759 --> 00:22:20,200 a great upper middle-class man, banker, president, 167 00:22:20,359 --> 00:22:23,400 Senator of the Kingdom. The Electricity man. 168 00:22:30,839 --> 00:22:35,319 Conti, childless, adopts Lia and, in some way, Piero, too. 169 00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:38,400 A strong bond develops between him and the architect. 170 00:22:38,880 --> 00:22:40,119 They have a lot in common. 171 00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:44,119 Both of them are elegant, attractive, ambitious, 172 00:22:44,359 --> 00:22:46,680 generous, brilliant and self-centred. 173 00:22:47,240 --> 00:22:50,160 The timing is perfect. Everything has been done 174 00:22:50,359 --> 00:22:52,359 and everything still needs to be done. 175 00:22:56,240 --> 00:23:00,160 Assembly lines, the telegraph, automobiles, and airplanes, 176 00:23:00,400 --> 00:23:02,680 “create an abyss between the submissive slaves 177 00:23:02,839 --> 00:23:04,799 from the past and we the free, 178 00:23:05,119 --> 00:23:07,920 we who are confident of the magnificence of the future.” 179 00:23:09,720 --> 00:23:11,680 Electricity lights up the streets 180 00:23:11,920 --> 00:23:13,960 and the movie camera immortalizes it. 181 00:23:30,319 --> 00:23:34,079 But Ettore Conti, the visionary magnate of the electricity industry, 182 00:23:34,640 --> 00:23:38,759 is also the man who weaves an intense correspondence 183 00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:42,200 with Mussolini, ready to march on Rome. 184 00:23:43,799 --> 00:23:47,799 Behold the 1920s: the triumph of Art Nouveau 185 00:23:48,759 --> 00:23:50,960 and Benito Mussolini’s Blackshirts. 186 00:24:37,400 --> 00:24:43,919 The Amateur begins to edit an eccentric film, Grandi Firme. 187 00:24:43,920 --> 00:24:47,359 A roster of the faces of his fellow, illustrious, co-stars of the times 188 00:24:47,519 --> 00:24:50,640 stolen for a few frames from history. 189 00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:01,680 Among them we recognise his new clients. 190 00:25:02,519 --> 00:25:05,519 Milano is a rich city in a poor country 191 00:25:05,960 --> 00:25:08,400 Capital of the arts and sciences. 192 00:25:09,240 --> 00:25:12,000 The city’s noteworthy bourgeoisie is proud of its virtues: 193 00:25:12,599 --> 00:25:16,359 frugality, precision, intelligence, initiative. 194 00:25:20,759 --> 00:25:23,920 The enlightened Milanese industrial aristocracy 195 00:25:24,319 --> 00:25:27,440 is not accustomed to taking a back seat to Roman politics. 196 00:25:27,920 --> 00:25:29,680 Perhaps this is the reason it sends a militia 197 00:25:29,720 --> 00:25:31,600 of disgruntled and violent proletariats to Rome. 198 00:26:51,680 --> 00:26:54,599 But for Portaluppi, in his intimate, blissful world, 199 00:26:54,880 --> 00:26:56,680 these are years of long walks along promenades 200 00:26:56,720 --> 00:26:59,079 by the sea, not marches on Rome. 201 00:26:59,400 --> 00:27:01,599 Outings, day-trips, jaunts. 202 00:27:02,039 --> 00:27:03,599 The Promenade des Anglais at Nice, 203 00:27:03,920 --> 00:27:07,480 the beau monde, European capitals, Berlin, Paris, 204 00:27:07,960 --> 00:27:09,880 and gondolas through Venice’s canals. 205 00:27:14,160 --> 00:27:16,920 Above all, they are years filled with beautiful women, 206 00:27:17,200 --> 00:27:20,119 more elegant than they will ever be again. 207 00:27:21,279 --> 00:27:23,160 The years of Chanel N°5. 208 00:27:23,680 --> 00:27:25,400 Women are allowed to smoke, 209 00:27:25,680 --> 00:27:28,519 they cut their hair into a bob, they play tennis, 210 00:27:28,599 --> 00:27:31,000 they raise their hemlines to just below the knee 211 00:27:31,319 --> 00:27:32,960 and drop their waistlines. 212 00:27:33,799 --> 00:27:36,759 Above all, they smile, they always smile, 213 00:27:37,000 --> 00:27:41,079 brunette or blond, into the lens of the Amateur’s camera. 214 00:29:24,759 --> 00:29:27,839 “When faced with the iconoclast rationalism of the new school, 215 00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:31,920 we invoke the gift of a little beauty in order to sweeten 216 00:29:32,079 --> 00:29:35,279 our sour daily lives with necessary excess.” 217 00:29:37,319 --> 00:29:38,880 These are the words of the most 218 00:29:39,039 --> 00:29:40,599 influential art critic of the decade. 219 00:29:40,960 --> 00:29:43,319 The critic’s name is Margherita Sarfatti, 220 00:29:43,920 --> 00:29:45,279 Mussolini’s mistress, companion 221 00:29:45,440 --> 00:29:48,400 and muse in his rise to power. 222 00:29:52,200 --> 00:29:55,920 So, the “gift of a little beauty” is invoked. 223 00:29:56,240 --> 00:29:58,920 During this time, Portaluppi ignores modernism 224 00:29:59,079 --> 00:30:01,599 and provides an abundance of beauty. 225 00:30:02,359 --> 00:30:04,319 In recognition of his prominent role, 226 00:30:05,000 --> 00:30:07,319 he is commissioned to design the Italian Pavilion 227 00:30:07,480 --> 00:30:10,759 for the Universal Exposition in Barcelona in 1929. 228 00:30:11,440 --> 00:30:13,799 He travels extensively throughout a Europe 229 00:30:13,960 --> 00:30:17,039 that has been shaken and inebriated by apocalyptic shocks. 230 00:30:18,599 --> 00:30:20,559 Here, we see him at the International 231 00:30:20,720 --> 00:30:23,279 Convention in Budapest in 1930. 232 00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:40,759 But his formidable decorative creativity continuously eludes 233 00:30:40,920 --> 00:30:44,160 the inflexibility of schools, groups, models. 234 00:30:45,000 --> 00:30:46,400 The Amateur distances himself from 235 00:30:46,559 --> 00:30:48,759 all constraints with acrobatic flair. 236 00:30:49,000 --> 00:30:51,599 He is metamorphic, superficial in depth, 237 00:30:51,799 --> 00:30:54,200 iridescent; he is fresh and effervescent. 238 00:31:03,599 --> 00:31:06,039 Italy, on the other hand, does not distance itself. 239 00:31:06,400 --> 00:31:09,920 The dictatorship strikes like a slap in the face. 240 00:31:23,200 --> 00:31:26,559 When Benito Mussolini arrives in Milan in 1930 241 00:31:27,079 --> 00:31:28,759 for the inauguration of the planetarium, 242 00:31:29,279 --> 00:31:31,079 Portaluppi captures him on film. 243 00:31:33,720 --> 00:31:36,000 We catch a glimpse of the solemn, 244 00:31:36,319 --> 00:31:38,159 imperious stride bursting into a domed chamber. 245 00:31:38,519 --> 00:31:39,839 The chamber is dark. 246 00:31:40,680 --> 00:31:42,800 All the light is prevented from entering from outside. 247 00:33:05,279 --> 00:33:09,240 When the last rays of the sun are eaten up by the moon, 248 00:33:09,559 --> 00:33:11,720 all of a sudden, everything changes… 249 00:33:12,240 --> 00:33:14,720 Because, all of a sudden, darkness falls over the earth. 250 00:33:14,880 --> 00:33:17,119 From outer space, you can see the shadow 251 00:33:17,319 --> 00:33:19,799 of moon passing over this strip of earth… 252 00:33:20,319 --> 00:33:23,880 And you find yourself in full day, but in the dark. 253 00:35:08,480 --> 00:35:10,119 The grand Milanese middle-class 254 00:35:10,559 --> 00:35:12,559 – the one that won’t take a back seat to Rome – 255 00:35:12,960 --> 00:35:15,119 is unstinting, generous and liberal. 256 00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:22,199 Milan is living on fervour so an esteemed 257 00:35:22,360 --> 00:35:25,199 patron, Swiss publisher Ulrico Hoepli, 258 00:35:25,719 --> 00:35:28,440 commissions Portaluppi to design a planetarium 259 00:35:28,599 --> 00:35:31,960 to donate to the city: a place for reflection, 260 00:35:34,840 --> 00:35:36,500 where anyone can “forget the fever that drives each of 261 00:35:36,519 --> 00:35:40,000 us in the pursuit of a personal, specific torment.” 262 00:35:47,400 --> 00:35:50,920 For this work, he conceives an austere entrance that calls to mind, 263 00:35:51,159 --> 00:35:53,199 “with its classical architectural order, 264 00:35:53,400 --> 00:35:55,199 the characteristics of an ancient temple.” 265 00:35:57,480 --> 00:36:01,360 Milan receives a second sky. An artificial sky 266 00:36:01,519 --> 00:36:03,239 on which advanced technological instruments 267 00:36:03,440 --> 00:36:08,000 project the constellations of heaven on a summer’s eve. 268 00:36:14,639 --> 00:36:16,920 Looking at it today from light years away, 269 00:36:17,480 --> 00:36:19,960 one can clearly see how the Planetarium would become one of the 270 00:36:20,239 --> 00:36:22,039 most popular locations in the city. 271 00:36:23,199 --> 00:36:25,039 Generations of students have admired 272 00:36:25,519 --> 00:36:28,480 the artificial sky on leisurely mornings. 273 00:36:29,000 --> 00:36:31,760 The landscape has remained the same as in 1930. 274 00:36:32,639 --> 00:36:36,440 The stars, fixed or not, are surely the same. 275 00:37:24,960 --> 00:37:27,920 Portaluppi is a professor. He is appointed a post-doctoral 276 00:37:28,079 --> 00:37:30,079 position in Architectural Elements and Design. 277 00:37:30,679 --> 00:37:32,360 He teaches but he doesn’t lecture. 278 00:37:32,679 --> 00:37:35,000 He doesn’t theorise, he doesn’t take a stand; 279 00:37:35,480 --> 00:37:38,639 his lessons are impromptu drills. 280 00:37:39,360 --> 00:37:41,800 He allows whatever the wind blows into his classroom, 281 00:37:41,960 --> 00:37:46,199 but he doesn’t give breathing exercises to expand lungs. 282 00:37:47,719 --> 00:37:49,559 But in this way, he allows his young students 283 00:37:49,719 --> 00:37:52,400 reedom of research and expression. 284 00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:56,239 Everything is acceptable in his vision of escapist architecture. 285 00:37:58,320 --> 00:38:00,440 Especially the escapist part. 286 00:38:05,559 --> 00:38:09,599 Banfi, Belgiojoso, 287 00:38:11,480 --> 00:38:13,400 Peressutti, 288 00:38:15,239 --> 00:38:17,400 Nathan Rogers 289 00:40:23,199 --> 00:40:27,119 The professor takes his students on trips around Italy and Europe: 290 00:40:27,519 --> 00:40:32,280 Sicily, Athens, Istanbul. Ancient times and exoticism. 291 00:40:47,760 --> 00:40:50,239 “An architect’s work,” states Portaluppi, 292 00:40:50,920 --> 00:40:55,679 “the attempt to put things in order, is a Sisyphean task. 293 00:40:56,159 --> 00:41:00,079 The stone keeps rolling down to the bottom again. 294 00:41:17,239 --> 00:41:20,119 So everything is acceptable. Even opposites. 295 00:41:20,840 --> 00:41:23,039 Therefore, in collaboration with some of the students 296 00:41:23,199 --> 00:41:25,719 who were doing somersaults on the ship’s bridge, 297 00:41:26,320 --> 00:41:28,320 he designs ''The Saturday Home for Newlyweds'' 298 00:41:28,440 --> 00:41:29,440 for the Milan Triennale. 299 00:41:30,360 --> 00:41:33,480 A manifesto of Rationalism that had been 300 00:41:33,639 --> 00:41:36,360 completely foreign to him until this moment. 301 00:41:37,920 --> 00:41:43,079 The students are Banfi, Belgiojoso, Peressutti, Nathan Rogers, 302 00:41:43,400 --> 00:41:45,000 and they would become the leading 303 00:41:45,320 --> 00:41:47,320 proponents of new Italian architecture. 304 00:41:56,679 --> 00:42:00,400 His Majesty Victor Emmanuel III visits the Saturday Home. 305 00:42:00,880 --> 00:42:03,159 Portaluppi welcomes him in full evening 306 00:42:03,679 --> 00:42:05,479 dress and top hat, and his camera in one hand. 307 00:42:05,719 --> 00:42:07,119 With the other, he describes the 308 00:42:07,280 --> 00:42:08,920 work with overly enthusiastic gestures. 309 00:42:09,800 --> 00:42:12,480 The king’s hand springs to his hat various times, 310 00:42:12,800 --> 00:42:15,440 as if controlled by an obsessive-compulsive need. 311 00:42:18,400 --> 00:42:23,159 It is 1933. Benito Mussolini, ''il Duce'', leader of the Italians, 312 00:42:23,920 --> 00:42:27,360 is about to offer an entire empire to the petite king. 313 00:43:17,360 --> 00:43:19,639 Villa Necchi Campiglio is situated in 314 00:43:19,800 --> 00:43:23,199 the aristocratic Via Mozart in the heart of Milan. 315 00:43:26,599 --> 00:43:28,079 But from the street, it is difficult 316 00:43:28,239 --> 00:43:29,840 to imagine anything about the villa, 317 00:43:30,239 --> 00:43:34,119 screened off by a continuous fence and immersed in a garden. 318 00:43:36,920 --> 00:43:41,719 Piero Portaluppi designed it for Cavaliere Angelo Campiglio in 1930. 319 00:43:42,480 --> 00:43:47,039 Work began two years later and it was completed in 1935. 320 00:44:07,000 --> 00:44:09,000 In the garden, a swimming pool, 321 00:44:09,159 --> 00:44:11,639 with a shallow and deep end, and a tennis court, 322 00:44:11,920 --> 00:44:15,400 suggest a niche of healthy open-air living in the middle 323 00:44:15,559 --> 00:44:19,639 of the congested centre of the city. 324 00:44:21,960 --> 00:44:24,400 A tiny bubble of luxury and wellbeing 325 00:44:24,559 --> 00:44:27,960 blown inside the city by the master glassmaker. 326 00:44:32,920 --> 00:44:35,400 Every space is designed as a painting. 327 00:44:35,679 --> 00:44:38,719 Everything is seeped in elegance and beauty. 328 00:44:39,719 --> 00:44:41,719 Everything is designed to accommodate 329 00:44:42,039 --> 00:44:43,639 the architect’s aesthetics in union 330 00:44:43,760 --> 00:44:46,840 with the comforts of technology. 331 00:44:47,440 --> 00:44:50,000 The architecture, a perfect work of art, 332 00:44:50,559 --> 00:44:53,400 is put to use as a private middle-class dwelling. 333 00:44:59,320 --> 00:45:01,760 Inside, total immunity. 334 00:45:02,679 --> 00:45:05,679 Outside, the huge, terrible world. 335 00:46:59,199 --> 00:47:03,119 “… personal items, hats, 336 00:47:03,280 --> 00:47:05,800 a Borsalino… 337 00:47:06,440 --> 00:47:08,320 These are the shoes…” 338 00:47:18,280 --> 00:47:20,559 It is the 1930s and Piero Portaluppi 339 00:47:20,760 --> 00:47:23,800 now belongs to the social class he is working for. 340 00:47:24,440 --> 00:47:26,920 His meticulous, witty and obsessive 341 00:47:27,079 --> 00:47:30,599 ledger is beginning to register earnings with six zeros. 342 00:47:34,039 --> 00:47:36,599 Villa Necchi, Casa Corbellini-Wasserman, 343 00:47:36,960 --> 00:47:39,840 Palazzo Crespi, Palazzo della Banca Commerciale … 344 00:47:40,199 --> 00:47:44,480 The golden clients increase, precious materials are honed, 345 00:47:44,920 --> 00:47:47,400 architectural motifs are recurring elements, 346 00:47:47,559 --> 00:47:49,519 and sketches for railings and flooring 347 00:47:49,679 --> 00:47:51,960 are wearing down his fountain pens. 348 00:47:56,239 --> 00:47:58,320 Milan, only Milan. 349 00:47:59,519 --> 00:48:01,880 The Amateur is completely devoted to this city. 350 00:48:02,760 --> 00:48:07,159 The city of Bishop Ambrogio, Bramante and Leonardo da Vinci. 351 00:48:07,519 --> 00:48:09,679 The moral and economic capital, the city of 352 00:48:09,880 --> 00:48:12,760 the industrial revolution and of labourer’s pride. 353 00:48:13,480 --> 00:48:18,280 The cradle of Socialism and Fascism, of the future and Futurism. 354 00:48:21,760 --> 00:48:24,880 Today, the city is secretly studded 355 00:48:25,079 --> 00:48:29,039 by countless works by Piero Portaluppi. 356 00:48:34,239 --> 00:48:36,880 But the Amateur doesn’t shoot a single frame as 357 00:48:37,039 --> 00:48:40,039 proof of the mark he left on Milan’s urban plan, 358 00:48:40,880 --> 00:48:42,920 He doesn’t leave, save for rare 359 00:48:43,079 --> 00:48:45,760 exceptions, any trace on film. 360 00:48:46,679 --> 00:48:48,559 It almost seems as if he wanted to erase 361 00:48:48,719 --> 00:48:51,840 his own footsteps; invoke his own oblivion. 362 00:49:07,000 --> 00:49:09,440 Portaluppi is in all senses of the genitive case, 363 00:49:09,880 --> 00:49:12,079 the architect to the upper bourgeois. 364 00:49:12,480 --> 00:49:15,599 A bourgeois man, a bourgeois architect, 365 00:49:16,079 --> 00:49:18,719 a bourgeois artist in an era where art, 366 00:49:19,400 --> 00:49:22,440 all art, from left to right, 367 00:49:22,639 --> 00:49:25,280 puts the working-class first, no matter what. 368 00:49:28,239 --> 00:49:30,400 In the meantime, the elusive working-class 369 00:49:30,559 --> 00:49:32,920 vanishes into the masses of the Fascist draft. 370 00:49:37,320 --> 00:49:41,039 Throughout the 1930s, more political works are being commissioned. 371 00:49:41,679 --> 00:49:43,239 Portaluppi seems to have become a 372 00:49:43,400 --> 00:49:45,679 Fascist just as he had become middle-class, 373 00:49:45,920 --> 00:49:49,000 with disengaged irony, with worldly nonchalance. 374 00:49:50,679 --> 00:49:54,599 In 1933 he joins the Fascist party, like almost everyone else is doing 375 00:49:56,039 --> 00:49:58,480 He designs the headquarters of the Milan 376 00:49:58,639 --> 00:50:01,360 Federation of Fascists in Piazza San Sepolcro. 377 00:50:04,199 --> 00:50:07,719 In Rome, the extreme Fascist auditors squash the project. 378 00:50:07,880 --> 00:50:10,440 Portaluppi sketches, adjusts, reworks it. 379 00:50:16,079 --> 00:50:17,960 Later, when he is commissioned to design 380 00:50:18,119 --> 00:50:20,079 the memorial monument to Fascist martyrs, 381 00:50:20,519 --> 00:50:24,000 he withdraws, in good order, and entrusts it to his students. 382 00:50:24,360 --> 00:50:26,639 For that assignment, he lacks conviction. 383 00:50:27,599 --> 00:50:30,840 The Amateur, true to his nature, knows no faith. 384 00:50:47,519 --> 00:50:50,599 It is at this time that Edoardo Persico would? 385 00:50:50,760 --> 00:50:54,119 Stigmatise him as a “façade illustrator”. 386 00:50:54,960 --> 00:50:57,360 According to this vision, Portaluppi is 387 00:50:57,519 --> 00:51:00,400 all about surface, appearance, façade. 388 00:51:01,639 --> 00:51:04,679 This defines, first and foremost his Milan, his beloved city, 389 00:51:04,840 --> 00:51:07,440 conceived as an open-air theatre. 390 00:51:08,320 --> 00:51:10,960 Portaluppi redesigns the church plaza at Piazza Duomo. 391 00:51:48,280 --> 00:51:52,920 In 1934, right before reaching his peak of consensus in the country, 392 00:51:53,559 --> 00:51:54,981 Benito Mussolini gives an impassioned speech 393 00:51:55,000 --> 00:51:57,800 to the jubilant crowd in that same square. 394 00:51:59,679 --> 00:52:02,679 Portaluppi is there, as a filmmaker, as always. 395 00:52:03,400 --> 00:52:05,519 He provides us with an unprecedented and 396 00:52:05,679 --> 00:52:08,840 shocking Duce, filmed from behind, crookedly. 397 00:52:09,559 --> 00:52:11,360 It is footage of an overlooked Duce, 398 00:52:11,599 --> 00:52:14,039 confined to the backstage of his own devices. 399 00:52:53,480 --> 00:52:55,559 The years pass and Portaluppi continues 400 00:52:55,760 --> 00:52:57,800 to shoot, document, and archive 401 00:52:57,960 --> 00:53:00,880 with the same marked flair for the theatrical. 402 00:53:02,039 --> 00:53:04,559 This domestic-social-worldly theatricality is evident 403 00:53:04,880 --> 00:53:07,159 at Luisa’s wedding, the adored daughter. 404 00:53:07,639 --> 00:53:10,079 As are the young bride’s illusions. 405 00:53:11,000 --> 00:53:13,320 Her extremely long train whirls like a sail in 406 00:53:13,480 --> 00:53:15,800 the Atellani garden next to Antonio Castellini, 407 00:53:16,159 --> 00:53:18,159 her illustrious groom. 408 00:53:49,159 --> 00:53:51,360 At this time, his son Oreste is studying engineering 409 00:53:51,599 --> 00:53:54,559 but he rarely appears in his father’s films, 410 00:53:55,239 --> 00:53:56,840 even on this important occasion. 411 00:53:57,559 --> 00:54:00,920 Yet Portaluppi has him in mind to take over his studio in the future. 412 00:54:02,840 --> 00:54:05,880 Everything is always theatrical, frozen in time by the 413 00:54:06,039 --> 00:54:08,639 amateur eye of the man with the camera. 414 00:54:42,280 --> 00:54:45,719 By the mid 1930s, Portaluppi has become a millionaire. 415 00:54:46,840 --> 00:54:48,440 He can realise his dream: 416 00:54:48,800 --> 00:54:51,119 build a home named after himself. 417 00:54:52,000 --> 00:54:54,639 He finds land near the Casa degli Atellani 418 00:54:54,880 --> 00:54:56,360 and builds the walls from scratch. 419 00:54:57,920 --> 00:55:00,679 He baptizes it Casa d’Appartamenti Portaluppi 420 00:55:01,199 --> 00:55:03,239 and plans his studio on the ground floor: 421 00:55:03,480 --> 00:55:07,079 eccentric and articulate, it takes up the entire space 422 00:55:07,280 --> 00:55:09,239 on both sides of the entrance hall. 423 00:55:31,800 --> 00:55:34,280 By contrast, on the upper floors, the apartments 424 00:55:34,519 --> 00:55:38,079 have a more simple and traditional distribution of space, 425 00:55:38,559 --> 00:55:41,559 running off a central hallway that divides the 426 00:55:41,719 --> 00:55:44,639 living rooms from the master bedrooms. 427 00:56:44,159 --> 00:56:46,760 According to some, this is his masterpiece. 428 00:56:47,360 --> 00:56:49,000 The perfect union between the clean lines 429 00:56:49,159 --> 00:56:53,039 of Rationalism and the lavish flair of Art Nouveau. 430 00:56:53,519 --> 00:56:55,679 Between personal pleasures and bothersome 431 00:56:55,880 --> 00:56:58,480 necessities, between art and contingency. 432 00:57:03,400 --> 00:57:05,400 The exterior features a smooth façade 433 00:57:05,800 --> 00:57:08,599 without embellishments and protrusions, 434 00:57:09,039 --> 00:57:12,559 covered in white chrome metallic alloy slabs; 435 00:57:12,960 --> 00:57:16,360 low-quality material imposed by the Fascist autocracy. 436 00:57:16,800 --> 00:57:19,119 However, the interior, in counterpoint, 437 00:57:19,280 --> 00:57:23,239 boasts multi-coloured and exquisite marble. 438 00:57:27,400 --> 00:57:29,320 Concealed behind a wall, there is 439 00:57:29,480 --> 00:57:31,920 a valuable drop-front bar cabinet 440 00:57:32,199 --> 00:57:33,440 that could be taken out during 441 00:57:33,599 --> 00:57:35,000 encounters with his mistresses. 442 00:57:35,280 --> 00:57:38,280 Above the desk, in plain sight, a collage of 443 00:57:38,440 --> 00:57:41,199 photographs of the eyes of his five grandchildren. 444 00:57:52,440 --> 00:57:55,079 This is where his archives are collected today. 445 00:57:56,239 --> 00:57:57,719 The mistresses have disappeared 446 00:57:57,920 --> 00:57:59,200 as have his grandchildren’s eyes, 447 00:57:59,280 --> 00:58:01,440 but what does remain are the hundreds of drawings, 448 00:58:01,840 --> 00:58:05,440 cartoons, collections, postcards from the world over, 449 00:58:05,800 --> 00:58:09,000 anagrams, ledgers, statistics and diagrams that were 450 00:58:09,159 --> 00:58:12,360 “observed, calculated and compiled on the life 451 00:58:12,519 --> 00:58:15,239 and customs of Don Pedro Puerta Lopez”. 452 00:58:16,079 --> 00:58:19,119 A life of numbers and pleasantries. 453 00:58:22,239 --> 00:58:25,679 Including the calculations: “What I ate in one year”, 454 00:58:26,280 --> 00:58:30,800 and “How I passed the time in the year 1905”. 455 00:58:38,440 --> 00:58:40,199 But that year is in the distant past. 456 00:58:40,719 --> 00:58:43,360 As are the brilliant projects for imaginary 457 00:58:43,519 --> 00:58:46,480 cities and skyscrapers designed in the 1920s, 458 00:58:47,239 --> 00:58:49,039 without distinguishing between utopia 459 00:58:49,239 --> 00:58:51,679 and dystopia, between heaven and hell. 460 01:01:36,119 --> 01:01:41,119 At the end of the 1930s, the only thing that exists is the real city. 461 01:01:43,480 --> 01:01:45,840 And the difference between utopia and dystopia, 462 01:01:46,159 --> 01:01:50,599 between heaven and hell, will be felt soon. 463 01:02:06,000 --> 01:02:09,639 Mussolini has attacked Abyssinia with chemical agents. 464 01:02:10,239 --> 01:02:12,559 The United Nations sanctioned Italy, 465 01:02:13,159 --> 01:02:16,119 and Fascist Italy has responded with autocracy. 466 01:02:16,920 --> 01:02:20,840 So, in Milan, grain is grown in Piazza del Duomo 467 01:02:21,320 --> 01:02:24,440 and an anonymous hand reaches out to stroke it. 468 01:02:38,239 --> 01:02:41,920 Mussolini now parades through Milan preceded by a movie camera. 469 01:02:43,639 --> 01:02:46,000 Thousands of children follow him, muskets 470 01:02:46,159 --> 01:02:48,159 on their shoulders, wearing military uniforms. 471 01:02:48,960 --> 01:02:51,360 At every level and institution of Italian education, 472 01:02:51,559 --> 01:02:56,000 teachers are required to swear their loyalty to fascism. 473 01:02:56,880 --> 01:02:58,599 The childhood of the nation has been 474 01:02:58,840 --> 01:03:02,480 completely organized into paramilitary troops. 475 01:03:08,920 --> 01:03:11,159 It is called Balilla National Youth Organization 476 01:03:11,880 --> 01:03:15,119 and it trains the human farm of the Duce’s future soldiers: 477 01:03:15,800 --> 01:03:17,320 his cannon fodder. 478 01:03:25,920 --> 01:03:29,440 In front of the camera, the faces lose their identity. 479 01:03:32,159 --> 01:03:34,440 Portaluppi is enchanted by the initials 480 01:03:34,760 --> 01:03:36,960 of his own name on a street sign. 481 01:03:38,159 --> 01:03:41,519 As always, the Amateur digresses, jokes around, 482 01:03:41,679 --> 01:03:44,119 gazes at his mirrored reflection in the ephemeral. 483 01:03:46,199 --> 01:03:48,239 On the 20th anniversary of its founding, 484 01:03:48,519 --> 01:03:51,119 Mussolini returns with ceremonious solemnity 485 01:03:51,639 --> 01:03:55,760 to Piazza San Sepolcro in Milan where in 1919, 486 01:03:55,920 --> 01:03:58,000 surrounded by a few dozen followers, 487 01:03:58,199 --> 01:04:00,440 he founded the Fasci of Combat. 488 01:04:01,679 --> 01:04:04,079 Now thousands upon thousands are marching. 489 01:04:05,119 --> 01:04:07,480 The multitude of new fascist recruits are 490 01:04:07,719 --> 01:04:11,239 so many that the Duce struggles to walk, 491 01:04:11,400 --> 01:04:14,800 looking a little annoyed by his latest worshippers. 492 01:04:34,920 --> 01:04:37,880 Through his lens, Portaluppi watches other illustrious 493 01:04:38,079 --> 01:04:39,960 figures march by for his film, Grandi Firme. 494 01:04:42,880 --> 01:04:45,039 Time passes, the faces change. 495 01:04:45,840 --> 01:04:48,000 Everyone is donning medals and uniforms, 496 01:04:48,199 --> 01:04:50,840 but the filmmaker doesn’t seem to give this much weight; 497 01:04:51,159 --> 01:04:53,000 he shoots and bears witness. 498 01:04:53,920 --> 01:04:56,079 Among the faces is Giuseppe Bottai, 499 01:04:56,320 --> 01:04:58,239 Minister of National Education. 500 01:04:59,480 --> 01:05:04,360 Portaluppi had written to him after receiving tenure in 1936: 501 01:05:05,840 --> 01:05:09,639 “I am touched and appreciative, I express my infinite pride 502 01:05:10,039 --> 01:05:16,400 in being able to serve my beloved school with doubled fascist faith.” 503 01:05:17,920 --> 01:05:20,119 They are just conventional words of respect. 504 01:05:20,519 --> 01:05:22,400 We won’t give them much weight. 505 01:05:23,400 --> 01:05:27,559 The Amateur, true to his nature, knows no loyalty. 506 01:06:05,519 --> 01:06:09,079 In 1939, the Amateur is Dean of the Faculty of Architecture 507 01:06:10,000 --> 01:06:12,480 and goes on another trip with his students. 508 01:06:13,159 --> 01:06:16,239 They go to Tripolitania, a colony of the Empire. 509 01:06:16,599 --> 01:06:21,559 He shoots evident signs of our mission to civilise, 510 01:06:22,480 --> 01:06:26,039 “Municipal midwife. Service is free for the poor”. 511 01:06:26,840 --> 01:06:28,880 He shoots the carefree class at the 512 01:06:29,039 --> 01:06:30,960 archaeological excavation at Sabratha. 513 01:06:31,559 --> 01:06:36,360 And the exhilarated students on the dazzling white dunes. 514 01:06:47,119 --> 01:06:49,559 A year later, on the same sand 515 01:06:49,880 --> 01:06:52,920 a little further east, Italian soldiers, 516 01:06:53,320 --> 01:06:55,880 almost completely in non-motorised formations, 517 01:06:56,320 --> 01:06:58,559 will advance on foot to conquer 518 01:06:58,719 --> 01:07:01,760 the stark, flat, desolate land; 519 01:07:02,199 --> 01:07:06,880 a uniform, barren plain dotted by valleys below sea level, 520 01:07:07,239 --> 01:07:12,199 afflicted by a brutal climate, lost in the immense desert. 521 01:07:18,920 --> 01:07:21,119 But in the meantime, the exotic trip taken by 522 01:07:21,280 --> 01:07:24,280 the Dean and his students ends successfully. 523 01:07:25,199 --> 01:07:26,599 It is late spring. 524 01:07:27,400 --> 01:07:30,719 At the end of the summer, with fifty-three divisions, 525 01:07:30,880 --> 01:07:35,119 of which six are armoured, Hitler invades Poland. 526 01:08:37,960 --> 01:08:42,159 Starting from 1940, the filmmaker retreats. 527 01:08:43,199 --> 01:08:44,680 The reels thin out. 528 01:08:45,399 --> 01:08:48,960 The Duce has plummeted Italy into the World War 529 01:08:49,600 --> 01:08:52,680 and Piero Portaluppi almost exclusively films children. 530 01:08:59,560 --> 01:09:03,000 He always shoots them in their assumed antics. 531 01:09:03,680 --> 01:09:06,680 The filmmaker’s childhood is a film full of laughter: 532 01:09:07,119 --> 01:09:12,279 it trips, it falls down, it races its bike, a pipe 533 01:09:12,439 --> 01:09:14,840 between its lips, whether it is wearing an Alpine hat 534 01:09:15,119 --> 01:09:16,600 or whether it has whiskers, 535 01:09:17,079 --> 01:09:19,600 or whether it is marching as a Fascist youth. 536 01:09:21,239 --> 01:09:25,239 Perhaps Portaluppi is running away again, distancing 537 01:09:25,439 --> 01:09:28,680 himself with his usual creative flair, he shirks away. 538 01:09:29,800 --> 01:09:33,640 Perhaps, in extremis, he returns to his own fatherless childhood. 539 01:09:34,399 --> 01:09:37,479 A childhood of stuttering and insecurities 540 01:09:37,640 --> 01:09:41,359 put right by his talent for drawing cartoons free hand. 541 01:09:42,319 --> 01:09:45,960 Perhaps childhood is the only way to continue to draw 542 01:09:46,119 --> 01:09:49,000 undeterred on the façade of history, 543 01:09:49,600 --> 01:09:52,479 while the population, summoned onto the scene 544 01:09:52,640 --> 01:09:55,640 of the century, marches towards the apocalypse. 545 01:09:59,920 --> 01:10:02,640 So the grandfather stays in the city but he sends his 546 01:10:02,800 --> 01:10:05,079 grandchildren to a safe place in the villa on the lake. 547 01:10:05,800 --> 01:10:09,119 And every time he visits, he invents games, he draws like 548 01:10:09,279 --> 01:10:12,840 a magician, he shoots them and shoots only them. 549 01:10:13,359 --> 01:10:15,920 When grandpa arrives, it’s always a party. 550 01:10:17,720 --> 01:10:20,640 But childhood, like history, doesn’t forgive. 551 01:10:21,119 --> 01:10:24,039 Childhood requires fathers, not grandfathers. 552 01:10:24,800 --> 01:10:28,319 It does not tolerate jumping, somersaults, creative flair. 553 01:10:39,520 --> 01:10:43,960 During this time, Oreste, his only son, the one 554 01:10:44,119 --> 01:10:46,479 who almost never appears in the filmmaker’s films, 555 01:10:47,119 --> 01:10:49,840 is stubbornly seeking extremes. 556 01:10:50,239 --> 01:10:53,439 He is hurt in one of his many mountaineering adventures, 557 01:10:53,920 --> 01:10:56,000 he is declared unfit at his medical exam, 558 01:10:56,239 --> 01:10:58,479 but later he is able to get a licence as 559 01:10:58,640 --> 01:11:01,560 a Naval Observer by concealing his disability. 560 01:11:02,359 --> 01:11:05,800 He is not a fascist but asks to be stationed in 561 01:11:05,960 --> 01:11:09,199 Sardinia where the risk for aircraft is greater. 562 01:11:12,079 --> 01:11:16,399 For months Oreste flies over the Western Mediterranean. 563 01:11:21,279 --> 01:11:24,199 When he goes down in the sea off Algeria, 564 01:11:24,520 --> 01:11:27,000 his body will not be returned to his father 565 01:11:27,600 --> 01:11:29,840 who will have to bury an empty coffin. 566 01:11:32,239 --> 01:11:35,279 Defeated by the loss, the Amateur breaks down. 567 01:11:35,680 --> 01:11:37,079 When faced with this tragedy, 568 01:11:37,239 --> 01:11:40,840 the only thing left is empty rhetoric. 569 01:11:43,239 --> 01:11:46,600 He crashes too, orphaned by his son. 570 01:11:51,039 --> 01:11:55,039 “Dear Federal, I shout ‘Long Live Italy’ through 571 01:11:55,199 --> 01:11:58,159 a voice strangled by indescribable pain, 572 01:11:58,640 --> 01:12:00,920 but with the pride of a fascist father. 573 01:12:01,800 --> 01:12:06,000 My son, Oreste, my only son, fell as a hero fighting 574 01:12:06,159 --> 01:12:09,520 in the Mediterranean as a Naval Observer. 575 01:12:10,800 --> 01:12:14,319 At 25 five years old, he was an engineer and a volunteer. 576 01:12:15,520 --> 01:12:17,560 Now he rests in the cemetery of Algiers. 577 01:12:18,760 --> 01:12:22,920 I wanted to give you the news first, as a friend and as a hierarch. 578 01:12:24,039 --> 01:12:27,000 I feel more Italian and more fascist than ever. 579 01:12:28,600 --> 01:12:32,000 My tears are filled with pride and glory!” 580 01:12:41,119 --> 01:12:42,960 This was written in a private 581 01:12:43,119 --> 01:12:44,719 letter to the head of the Party in Milan, 582 01:12:44,880 --> 01:12:48,279 but will be made public in the newspaper, Corriere della Sera. 583 01:14:36,880 --> 01:14:39,039 Milan, in the meantime, is overwhelmed. 584 01:14:40,239 --> 01:14:43,960 In mid-August 1943, RAF Lancasters fly over the 585 01:14:44,199 --> 01:14:48,640 city in a series of waves for three consecutive days. 586 01:14:49,520 --> 01:14:53,199 There are thousands of casualties, the city changes face forever. 587 01:14:56,239 --> 01:14:59,359 On 13 August, the bombers hit, among other things, 588 01:14:59,680 --> 01:15:01,960 the Royal Palace and the Poldi Pezzoli Museum. 589 01:15:04,039 --> 01:15:08,960 On the 14th, Santa Maria delle Grazie and the Braidense Library. 590 01:15:10,399 --> 01:15:13,439 On the 15th, bombs burst through the roof 591 01:15:13,640 --> 01:15:16,640 of the Teatro alla Scala, damage the Duomo, 592 01:15:17,319 --> 01:15:19,079 and destroy some of the cloisters of the 593 01:15:19,279 --> 01:15:21,239 Ospedale Maggiore in Via Festa del Perdono. 594 01:15:25,680 --> 01:15:27,439 This is the Maggiore Hospital… 595 01:15:30,439 --> 01:15:33,239 On 15 August, Luisa, the beautiful daughter, 596 01:15:33,399 --> 01:15:36,520 the adored child, leaves her children at the lake 597 01:15:36,880 --> 01:15:39,680 and takes one of the last trains in circulation. 598 01:15:40,960 --> 01:15:44,279 She gets as far as the station at Bovisa. They tell her to get off. 599 01:15:44,640 --> 01:15:47,520 The city is paralyzed. Milan is a corpse. 600 01:15:50,239 --> 01:15:52,680 Luisa walks down the street that separates her 601 01:15:52,880 --> 01:15:56,359 from her parent’s house, the Casa degli Atellani, 602 01:15:56,960 --> 01:15:59,680 right in front of the Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie. 603 01:16:00,720 --> 01:16:05,439 Everything is in flames, burning embers everywhere, tiny fires. 604 01:16:06,000 --> 01:16:09,920 There is no water and fires are being put out with glasses. 605 01:16:15,560 --> 01:16:17,319 Trying to empty the ocean with a glass. 606 01:16:17,640 --> 01:16:19,520 This is what is said of an impossible endeavour, 607 01:16:19,720 --> 01:16:21,239 of unrealistic madness. 608 01:16:22,039 --> 01:16:24,920 The Milanese will succeed. One glass at a time. 609 01:16:25,680 --> 01:16:29,720 The church is destroyed but da Vinci’s Last Supper is unharmed. 610 01:16:30,880 --> 01:16:34,039 They will restore it crack by crack, one colour at a time. 611 01:16:51,039 --> 01:16:53,100 Get in the water. Get in the water with your feet out. 612 01:16:53,119 --> 01:16:54,760 Good. Don’t tuck in… 613 01:16:55,239 --> 01:16:56,720 There. Bend your knees… 614 01:16:57,960 --> 01:17:01,359 Really bend your knees. Then when you’re 615 01:17:01,520 --> 01:17:03,119 out of the water, stand up. That’s all. 616 01:17:03,920 --> 01:17:05,279 Keep your legs parallel. 617 01:17:10,039 --> 01:17:11,960 The war is over. 618 01:17:12,520 --> 01:17:15,680 An endless post-war period begins. 619 01:17:16,479 --> 01:17:19,800 Life, as the saying goes, returns to normal. 620 01:17:30,000 --> 01:17:31,000 Stand up! 621 01:17:32,159 --> 01:17:33,159 Good for you! 622 01:17:57,520 --> 01:18:00,880 Portaluppi is tried on two counts of ethnic cleansing 623 01:18:01,600 --> 01:18:03,439 due to his complicity with the regime. 624 01:18:03,920 --> 01:18:05,240 He defends himself as best he can. 625 01:18:05,920 --> 01:18:09,039 After a brief period of banishment, he is reintegrated and 626 01:18:09,279 --> 01:18:11,840 is reinstated as Dean at the University. 627 01:18:12,600 --> 01:18:16,079 In 1950 the filmmaker also returns. 628 01:18:16,680 --> 01:18:19,079 We return with him to the golden lake. 629 01:18:20,159 --> 01:18:23,680 Yet, something has been irremediably lost. 630 01:19:08,600 --> 01:19:10,880 The 1950s are perhaps the most 631 01:19:11,079 --> 01:19:13,600 vital years of the century for Italy. 632 01:19:14,479 --> 01:19:17,800 Italy grows with the charged energy of an adolescent. 633 01:19:18,399 --> 01:19:20,159 Millions of farmers move to the city 634 01:19:20,479 --> 01:19:23,079 and the GDP reaches unprecedented peaks. 635 01:19:24,359 --> 01:19:26,640 Refrigerators and washing machines replace 636 01:19:26,840 --> 01:19:28,760 the ideals of the Resistance movement. 637 01:19:29,399 --> 01:19:34,399 Italy grows and betrays, but Portaluppi ages suddenly. 638 01:21:17,479 --> 01:21:19,680 He donates the restorations of some of the city’s 639 01:21:19,920 --> 01:21:22,479 most important buildings that had been damaged by bombs: 640 01:21:23,199 --> 01:21:26,239 the Brera Gallery, the Museum of Science and Technology, 641 01:21:26,880 --> 01:21:29,840 the Milan University, Santa Maria delle Grazie. 642 01:21:30,800 --> 01:21:33,840 But his creative vein will be lost forever. 643 01:21:39,800 --> 01:21:42,119 He is given a seat in the royal box at 644 01:21:42,279 --> 01:21:44,560 the Teatro alla Scala in recognition of the restorations 645 01:21:45,159 --> 01:21:47,680 and he never misses an opening night. 646 01:21:48,399 --> 01:21:52,279 He attends singing parodies of the most famous arias: 647 01:21:52,960 --> 01:21:57,680 “Woman is hardwood, you must beat her like a drum''. 648 01:21:58,640 --> 01:22:02,640 He still jokes about everything but his work becomes heavier, 649 01:22:03,199 --> 01:22:05,399 too much marble, too embellished. 650 01:22:05,880 --> 01:22:08,159 There is a sort of involution, 651 01:22:08,640 --> 01:22:10,880 a step back, something has been lost. 652 01:22:15,560 --> 01:22:18,479 Colour has been added to the filmmaker’s films. 653 01:22:18,960 --> 01:22:23,000 The subjects are the usual: Milan, professors, 654 01:22:23,319 --> 01:22:27,479 women in bathing suits, Piero Portaluppi’s initials, 655 01:22:28,119 --> 01:22:30,840 the mirror in the road sign. 656 01:22:31,880 --> 01:22:33,800 But the mirror is shattered. 657 01:22:38,439 --> 01:22:41,640 The Casa degli Atellani receives the news that the body 658 01:22:41,800 --> 01:22:43,920 of their son Oreste, called Tuccio, 659 01:22:44,399 --> 01:22:48,279 buried in an empty coffin in 1942, has been found. 660 01:22:49,439 --> 01:22:52,039 They have him returned to Italy thanks to a ship owner friend. 661 01:22:53,039 --> 01:22:56,319 Portaluppi gets into his customized convertible with his wife, 662 01:22:56,479 --> 01:22:58,359 Lia, and his grandson, Piero Castellini. 663 01:22:58,920 --> 01:23:01,159 The three of them take to the freeway for Genoa. 664 01:23:01,359 --> 01:23:03,920 When they arrive at the docks, Portaluppi lowers 665 01:23:04,079 --> 01:23:06,359 the top in respect for the hearse. 666 01:23:11,119 --> 01:23:14,159 Their grandson will remember his grandparent’s 667 01:23:14,319 --> 01:23:16,800 silence during the entire two-way trip. 668 01:23:17,920 --> 01:23:19,920 Not a word was uttered between them. 669 01:23:21,039 --> 01:23:23,920 Two marble statues. Speechless. 670 01:23:26,399 --> 01:23:29,000 One night during the endless post war period, 671 01:23:29,560 --> 01:23:34,079 Portaluppi withdraws to his tiny recess in the Casa degli Atellani 672 01:23:34,760 --> 01:23:36,520 where he nurtures his obsessive passions 673 01:23:36,760 --> 01:23:40,720 for stamps and postcards, constellations and sundials. 674 01:23:41,359 --> 01:23:43,479 And with the same diligence, he looks through 675 01:23:43,680 --> 01:23:46,199 his editing notebooks for frames of his son. 676 01:23:47,439 --> 01:23:49,840 Then he edits them out, one by one. 677 01:24:16,000 --> 01:24:17,360 The only images saved are one where 678 01:24:17,560 --> 01:24:18,901 he is looking straight into the camera 679 01:24:18,920 --> 01:24:21,840 and a few clips of Oreste dashing off, 680 01:24:22,039 --> 01:24:24,760 hiding, running out of the frame. 681 01:24:26,119 --> 01:24:29,760 The son came into the world, yet he remains uncreated. 682 01:24:30,560 --> 01:24:35,319 An entire era in 16 mm, but the Amateur has no heirs. 683 01:25:46,439 --> 01:25:48,279 “… our fortuitous encounter with the architect, 684 01:25:48,399 --> 01:25:50,640 Piero Portaluppi who designed the adornments 685 01:25:50,800 --> 01:25:53,359 for the “Piccola Scala”, giving the new theatre 686 01:25:53,840 --> 01:25:56,640 the appearance and atmosphere of the grander Scala. 687 01:25:57,000 --> 01:25:59,600 Was this your intention Mr. Portaluppi? 688 01:26:01,199 --> 01:26:04,439 We certainly wanted to maintain the character 689 01:26:04,640 --> 01:26:07,359 in the decorative appearance. 690 01:26:08,079 --> 01:26:09,800 But the theatre is much smaller. 691 01:26:10,199 --> 01:26:13,119 In this way, we trickled it with 692 01:26:13,439 --> 01:26:15,880 the most characteristic elements. 693 01:26:16,319 --> 01:26:19,520 If I talk about the Lyre, the griffon-like lyre; 694 01:26:19,840 --> 01:26:22,840 if I talk about the Greek frets, I’m also talking about 695 01:26:23,039 --> 01:26:24,640 the Caryatids in the royal box. 696 01:26:25,199 --> 01:26:28,239 They were placed there as essences 697 01:26:28,399 --> 01:26:31,960 of the old architectural adornments … 698 01:26:32,920 --> 01:26:34,840 And it gives a golden tone, 699 01:26:35,279 --> 01:26:37,760 and perhaps gives emphasis to 700 01:26:38,039 --> 01:26:40,359 the feminine virtues of the beautiful spectators. 701 01:26:41,319 --> 01:26:43,239 Are you proud of having contributed 702 01:26:43,399 --> 01:26:45,000 to the birth of the Piccola Scala? 703 01:26:45,760 --> 01:26:48,920 Proud because I feel enlivened 704 01:26:49,119 --> 01:26:51,920 by a drive as a supporter of La Scala. 705 01:27:32,800 --> 01:27:34,239 I’ll pass it to you. 706 01:27:41,159 --> 01:27:42,520 I have to go a bit higher. 707 01:27:45,159 --> 01:27:47,640 Look, butterflies, Giuli… 56435

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