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♪
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And at five dollarsa barrel less--
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Water was ten feet--
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- First ball--- But if we take away--
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Lead is--
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Down on the process--
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Grab a look a man who left--
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In a Caribbean jet liner--
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- A gay man was shot to death.- Towels for a dollar--
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Our headquarters overseas.
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At seventy-two secondsfollowing liftoff,
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the tragic explosion.
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The Challengerwas engulfed in flames.
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♪
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In Iran, the waris a holy crusade
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promoted on televisionwith Marshall Music and--
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People always ask why.
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Why did she do it?
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And to understand that,
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you really need to knowwho my mother was
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and the life she lived.
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♪
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I know her life is strange
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and questionable by many,
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but I know she washere for a purpose.
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♪
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A lot of crazinessproduces a lot of brilliance.
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And I think there's something
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kind of brilliant aboutwhat Marion Stokes did.
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Whatever motivated her,this material needed to wind up
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in a situation whereit could be shared.
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We do expect it to tighten as
more and more adult supporters
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sort of come out of the closet.
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♪
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Taping these programs,for my mother,
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was a form of activism.
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She wanted people to be able
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to seek the truthand check facts.
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♪
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She thought that everybodyneeded to have access
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to knowledgeto make good decisions
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to have the real truth.
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♪
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How useful is it in making lifebetter, making my life better,
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and making lifefor other people better.
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Now, if it is useful,
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if it's a useful correlation,
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a way of looking at things,if it--
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if it enhances my freedom
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because I can make choices
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rather than be buffetedlike a leaf in the wind,
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but I can make choices.
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If it enhances my freedomthen I don't have to see
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the physical causeof why it works.
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♪
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I'm sure she came to value whatwas coming through the screens
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more than the kind of,very problematic messy stuff
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that was happening,you know, in her real life.
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♪
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I was Mrs. Stokes' chauffeurin Philadelphia.
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She lived in the richestpart of the city.
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The square itself is surrounded
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by very expensive
apartment buildings.
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It was the number one addressto have in Philadelphia.
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My dad hada construction company
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and we did a lotof work in Barclay.
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And that's how
we ran into the Stokes
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and they had us do
their renovations.
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Very mysteriousand very private.
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Her husband, John,would come out and talk to me
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and I would speak to Marionthrough the door.
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She would open the doormaybe an inch and talk to me.
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I would say it was
three or four months
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before I actually met her.
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We were getting closeto finishing their place
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when they said they would likeme to start working for them,
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helping them do things.
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I was kind of shockedbecause of, you know,
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I'd never, I guess,
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been with someonethat had so much stuff.
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They had enormous amountof furniture
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and archives,magazines, books.
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She read about11 newspapers a day
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and I don't thinkshe ever threw one out.
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When I first got there,
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Mrs. Stokes didn't
really talk to me.
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She introduced herself.
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She laid down what she wanted,
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what she expected of me,
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but it was no conversation.
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She would have the tapesgoing on different TVs
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throughout the apartment.
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So every TVshe couldn't get to.
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So certain TVs,I would change the tapes
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and Frank also hadTVs in the back
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that he was taping from, so.
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It was a project
for everybody to be doing.
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Now there weresome codes of conduct
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that were madevery clear to me early on.
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No talking.
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It was like
"Driving Miss Daisy" in reverse.
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Everything wasabsolutely ritualized.
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We had to make sure there
was no one in the vicinity
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when we went out
the front doors.
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I wasn't allowedto touch the car
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as far as open any doors.
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That was Richard's job.
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You know, she would sweep,
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shiny black car,like a film star.
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♪
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I do have a memoryof demonstrations,
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one which garnered quite
a kind of hostile response.
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There were, there were
some postcards sent--
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sent to my mother saying,
you know, well,
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if you don't like it here,
go, go to Cuba.
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She was thePhiladelphia Chairman
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for the Fair Playfor Cuba Committee,
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an organization startedby the Communist Party
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to raise awarenessabout the Cuban Revolution.
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At her core she was motivatedby a belief in human freedom.
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They spent some time in Mexico
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trying to get in,didn't get in.
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I found a journal entry frommy mother from around that time
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where she, she was fed upwith something and she said,
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"I'm going back to the United
States and taking the baby."
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So I think therewas a lot of tension.
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My mother was firedfrom her job as a librarian
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and I'm pretty sure it had todo with her being a Communist.
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You know, she was definitelyspied on by the FBI.
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And we knowthat she had a file
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and, you know,there are pictures of her
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and reports from networksof informants
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and that kind of stuff.
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She was justifiedin feeling being watched.
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For personality reasons,I think my mother kind of
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overdid it,and continued to overdo it
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until the day of her death.
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She wasenormously controlling.
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She made it very difficulton my father
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when he would come to visit.
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So I saw him less and less.
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♪
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♪
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Captain's logStardate 5784.2.
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We are respondingto desperate distress calls
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- from an unknown planet.- My mother was a huge fan of
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- the original Star Trek series.- Unable to account for this
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since he reported no signsof life on the planet.
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The themes that she reallyliked were that Earth
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00:11:09,878 --> 00:11:11,296
had actually sorted itsproblems out, there was
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the UnitedFederation of Planets.
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That there was thiskind of multi-racial,
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multi-national crewthat worked very well together,
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that the mission of thisincredibly well-armed ship
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was exploration, not warfare.
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You know, it was basically
kind of televised socialism.
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And she lovedthat whole thing.
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♪
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The first Betamax recorderI remember was in late '75.
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And that was the first one,it was used sparingly.
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She didn't startrecording the news immediately.
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She liked situation comedies.
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Where are you goin'?
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Where am I goin',
where else can I go?
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I'm goin' over here
and sit down.
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I do what I usually do,
look at TV.
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Well, why would you look
at TV when it ain't workin'?
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Science documentaries.
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- Snakes, lizards have--- With existence, CIA-
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These kind of high-impactcurrent events.
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First it gathers
information, intelligence.
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There's a second kind of thing
that the CIA does
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and that's to take secret action
to change
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what goes on
in another country.
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This could involve giving money
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to help a candidate
win an election.
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It might involve aiding
in the overthrow of a government
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which we think
is a threat to us.
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00:12:27,247 --> 00:12:28,790
It could even mean arranging
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or trying to arrange
an assassination,
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00:12:31,460 --> 00:12:33,170
as in the case of Fidel Castro.
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Your newspapers,
radio, television,
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00:12:35,505 --> 00:12:37,758
motion pictures
are understated in tone.
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No dissent or opposition
is allowed in the public media.
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One of Lenin's principles wasthat the method and the tenor
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through which youtake your daily news
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colors your view of the world.
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Material things
do influence our emotions
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and we do react
in an emotional way
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to various symbols,
colors, and so on.
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And some of these
things are chosen.
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00:13:01,448 --> 00:13:02,741
They're decided by somebody--
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Now, it seems to me that--
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She became aware of the power
195
00:13:05,911 --> 00:13:08,371
of television to informor misinform people
196
00:13:08,455 --> 00:13:10,499
when she started workingon a television program
197
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in the late 1960s.
198
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It was called "Input".
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It was a current affairsdiscussion program
200
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by the local CBS affiliatein Philadelphia.
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They would assembleexperts on a topic.
202
00:13:24,763 --> 00:13:27,390
Eugenics,Native American rights,
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00:13:27,474 --> 00:13:30,685
race relations,prisoners' rights,
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00:13:30,769 --> 00:13:32,604
with perspectivesall around the situations
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00:13:32,687 --> 00:13:34,564
and have it verypublicly available
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00:13:34,648 --> 00:13:37,359
so that people would be ableto form their own opinions.
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00:13:37,442 --> 00:13:38,693
Completely erratic.
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♪ Walkin' down death row ♪
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00:13:42,781 --> 00:13:46,660
♪ I sang for three mendestined for the chair ♪
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00:13:46,743 --> 00:13:50,205
Marion, how do you view
the last nine programs
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00:13:50,288 --> 00:13:51,498
as we've sought to make this
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00:13:51,581 --> 00:13:54,960
an open community
type of TV presentation?
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00:13:55,043 --> 00:13:56,670
Well, I find some people, uh,
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00:13:56,753 --> 00:14:00,048
certainly grappling with
and not quite understanding
215
00:14:00,131 --> 00:14:03,009
how it is that we managed
to get these people together
216
00:14:03,093 --> 00:14:06,054
in the first place to talk.
217
00:14:06,137 --> 00:14:10,225
And not understanding the
concept of an open community
218
00:14:10,308 --> 00:14:14,729
of trust which is
big enough and open enough
219
00:14:14,813 --> 00:14:18,191
to include
all the points of view
220
00:14:18,275 --> 00:14:21,319
expressed within
a context of respect.
221
00:14:21,403 --> 00:14:22,946
I've been invited to openness
222
00:14:23,029 --> 00:14:25,615
by those who really
are saying by that,
223
00:14:25,699 --> 00:14:28,076
I want to open you
so that you'll be able
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00:14:28,159 --> 00:14:29,703
to see that I'm right
and you're wrong.
225
00:14:29,786 --> 00:14:33,081
And most people feel that
their viewpoint is being heard,
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00:14:33,164 --> 00:14:35,375
but they find themselves unable
227
00:14:35,458 --> 00:14:38,420
to accept the open expression
of the other viewpoint.
228
00:14:38,503 --> 00:14:42,132
The power of mass mediato affect public opinion
229
00:14:42,215 --> 00:14:44,301
was something thatshe became very conscious of.
230
00:14:44,384 --> 00:14:47,762
And she was aware of howthe raw story gets filtered
231
00:14:47,846 --> 00:14:50,181
by the predilections of thepeople who are producing it.
232
00:14:50,265 --> 00:14:53,977
I think there should definitely
be controls of other kinds,
233
00:14:54,060 --> 00:14:57,355
as well of material means of
manipulating mind and emotion.
234
00:14:57,439 --> 00:14:59,733
And I think there are
so many examples in daily life
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00:14:59,816 --> 00:15:02,652
that people simply
don't recognize.
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00:15:02,736 --> 00:15:04,821
♪
237
00:15:04,905 --> 00:15:08,700
From ABC in New York,this is World News Tonight,
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00:15:08,783 --> 00:15:12,996
Sunday,with Sam Donaldson.
239
00:15:13,079 --> 00:15:15,206
Good evening.
The U.S. Embassy in Tehran
240
00:15:15,290 --> 00:15:17,876
has been invaded and occupied
by Iranian students.
241
00:15:17,959 --> 00:15:20,211
The Americans inside
have been taken prisoner
242
00:15:20,295 --> 00:15:22,005
and according
to a student spokesman,
243
00:15:22,088 --> 00:15:24,674
will be held as hostages
until the deposed Shah
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00:15:24,758 --> 00:15:26,384
is returned from
the United States
245
00:15:26,468 --> 00:15:28,678
where he's receiving
medical treatment for cancer.
246
00:15:31,389 --> 00:15:33,224
While the Iraniansburned an American flag
247
00:15:33,308 --> 00:15:35,435
in front of the embassy,they said the takeover
248
00:15:35,518 --> 00:15:39,606
had the express blessingof the Ayatollah Khomeini.
249
00:15:39,689 --> 00:15:42,067
My mother was very suspiciousof the official stories
250
00:15:42,150 --> 00:15:45,153
about the Iranianhostage crisis
251
00:15:45,236 --> 00:15:49,157
and she became obsessedwith the media coverage.
252
00:15:49,240 --> 00:15:51,368
She felt that importantinformation was being lost
253
00:15:51,451 --> 00:15:54,537
as the story evolved.
254
00:15:54,621 --> 00:15:56,331
So she kept taping.
255
00:15:56,414 --> 00:15:59,501
Some 60 Americans,
including our fellow citizen
256
00:15:59,584 --> 00:16:02,295
whom you just saw
bound and blindfolded,
257
00:16:02,379 --> 00:16:04,714
are now beginning
their sixth day of captivity
258
00:16:04,798 --> 00:16:06,842
inside the U.S.
Embassy in Tehran.
259
00:16:06,925 --> 00:16:09,511
Officials will continuetheir search for some way
260
00:16:09,594 --> 00:16:12,555
to negotiatethe hostages' freedom.
261
00:16:12,639 --> 00:16:14,599
The story changed.
262
00:16:14,683 --> 00:16:17,936
A lot of the early reportsindicated that there were,
263
00:16:18,019 --> 00:16:21,648
for example, CIA personnelamong the hostages
264
00:16:21,731 --> 00:16:23,525
and then, suddenly,there weren't.
265
00:16:29,406 --> 00:16:31,408
You know, obviously,if you were running
266
00:16:31,491 --> 00:16:33,326
an intelligence agency itwould be perfectly reasonable
267
00:16:33,410 --> 00:16:34,786
for them to suppressthat information.
268
00:16:34,869 --> 00:16:36,454
But my mother wasvery conscious of that.
269
00:16:36,538 --> 00:16:38,581
Series of attempts
to negotiate the release.
270
00:16:38,665 --> 00:16:40,667
She was saying,
"Well, we've got to get this.
271
00:16:40,750 --> 00:16:42,836
Nobody elseis gonna keep this."
272
00:16:42,919 --> 00:16:44,838
This to restoremilitary balance
273
00:16:44,921 --> 00:16:46,715
with the Soviet Union and--
274
00:16:46,798 --> 00:16:49,175
Her goal was tryingto reveal a set of agendas
275
00:16:49,259 --> 00:16:50,969
on the part of governments.
276
00:16:51,052 --> 00:16:53,388
Soviet troops haveswept into Afghanistan,
277
00:16:53,471 --> 00:16:54,848
dramatically changing
278
00:16:54,931 --> 00:16:56,850
the power gamein the Persian Gulf.
279
00:16:56,933 --> 00:16:58,643
As much as it would like to,
280
00:16:58,727 --> 00:17:01,771
the United States can no longerencourage disintegration
281
00:17:01,855 --> 00:17:05,191
of authority in Iran in orderto free the hostages.
282
00:17:05,275 --> 00:17:08,069
Day 59, January 1st,
283
00:17:08,153 --> 00:17:10,905
an angry mob of Afghanand Iranian demonstrators
284
00:17:10,989 --> 00:17:13,366
stormed the SovietEmbassy in Tehran.
285
00:17:13,450 --> 00:17:16,161
But this time,Khomeini's revolutionary guards
286
00:17:16,244 --> 00:17:19,539
evict the protestors.
287
00:17:19,622 --> 00:17:22,458
That same day, U.N.Secretary General Waldheim
288
00:17:22,542 --> 00:17:25,795
arrives in Tehran to negotiatethe release of the hostages.
289
00:17:25,879 --> 00:17:27,255
She was kind of watching
290
00:17:27,338 --> 00:17:30,884
these positionsand maneuverings,
291
00:17:30,967 --> 00:17:33,428
public opinion being molded.
292
00:17:33,511 --> 00:17:36,848
Kind of uniformly anti-Iran,
people were calling for war.
293
00:17:36,931 --> 00:17:39,267
People were calling
for all kinds of things.
294
00:17:39,350 --> 00:17:41,186
She felt that therewas a lack of sympathy
295
00:17:41,269 --> 00:17:43,313
for the goalsof the Iranian revolution.
296
00:17:43,396 --> 00:17:47,776
One analyst says, Khomeiniso strongly detests the U.S.
297
00:17:47,859 --> 00:17:51,237
for its support of the Shahwho was his lifetime enemy,
298
00:17:51,321 --> 00:17:54,908
but also because he considersAmericans Satan's people
299
00:17:54,991 --> 00:17:57,327
and leadersof the decadent West.
300
00:17:57,410 --> 00:17:59,746
Outside the United StatesEmbassy in Tehran,
301
00:17:59,829 --> 00:18:01,498
this morning the crowds,once again,
302
00:18:01,581 --> 00:18:04,125
took up their daily chantingand sign waving,
303
00:18:04,209 --> 00:18:06,336
especially forthe television cameras.
304
00:18:09,089 --> 00:18:13,635
During that crisis, she hitrecord and she never stopped.
305
00:18:13,718 --> 00:18:16,221
The Iran Crisis.
306
00:18:16,304 --> 00:18:18,306
America Held Hostage.
307
00:18:18,389 --> 00:18:21,518
America Held Hostage airedfirst for fifteen minutes,
308
00:18:21,601 --> 00:18:23,186
then for a half hour.
309
00:18:23,269 --> 00:18:26,523
It's actuallya kind of successful show
310
00:18:26,606 --> 00:18:30,985
to the pointthat Nightline was born.
311
00:18:31,069 --> 00:18:34,114
Nightline was actuallya very transformative program
312
00:18:34,197 --> 00:18:36,699
in the historyof American television.
313
00:18:36,783 --> 00:18:38,576
Iranian health representatives--
314
00:18:38,660 --> 00:18:41,913
The idea of a news showat 11:30 at night,
315
00:18:41,996 --> 00:18:43,748
aired essentiallyin competition
316
00:18:43,832 --> 00:18:47,961
with the evening talk showslike The Tonight Show.
317
00:18:48,044 --> 00:18:52,298
And then, somethingkind of amazing happens.
318
00:18:52,382 --> 00:18:54,884
It actually is watchedby a lot of people.
319
00:18:54,968 --> 00:18:57,095
Good evening, some
of the rhetoric coming out
320
00:18:57,178 --> 00:19:01,349
of Iran today was reminiscent of
the early weeks of this crisis.
321
00:19:01,432 --> 00:19:04,602
There was a long running drama
322
00:19:04,686 --> 00:19:06,688
which had the capacity
323
00:19:06,771 --> 00:19:09,732
to change every dayunpredictably,
324
00:19:09,816 --> 00:19:12,944
so it had a beautiful,dramatic structure.
325
00:19:13,027 --> 00:19:16,281
It had lotsof unpredictable characters,
326
00:19:16,364 --> 00:19:18,867
many sub events.
327
00:19:18,950 --> 00:19:20,702
There has been
a startling new development
328
00:19:20,785 --> 00:19:22,620
in the Iran hostage crisis.
329
00:19:22,704 --> 00:19:25,165
That U.S. attempt to launch
a military rescue
330
00:19:25,248 --> 00:19:27,834
of the American hostages
in Tehran has been,
331
00:19:27,917 --> 00:19:30,503
as you have now heard
several times, aborted.
332
00:19:30,587 --> 00:19:33,006
Eight U.S. servicemenkilled in the process.
333
00:19:33,089 --> 00:19:37,510
And it had this kindof agonizing pathos
334
00:19:37,594 --> 00:19:39,846
of being taken hostage.
335
00:19:39,929 --> 00:19:41,723
Not only were the Americans
336
00:19:41,806 --> 00:19:44,392
held in the embassyin Tehran hostage,
337
00:19:44,475 --> 00:19:47,979
but everybody elsewas a hostage, too.
338
00:19:48,062 --> 00:19:53,860
The TV was part of whatwas taking us hostage.
339
00:19:53,943 --> 00:19:56,529
We have a report,Barbara, excuse me,
340
00:19:56,613 --> 00:19:59,782
I am just told thatthe Associated Press reports
341
00:19:59,866 --> 00:20:02,744
that the hostagesare leaving the airport.
342
00:20:02,827 --> 00:20:06,122
Now we can't go any furtherthan that on that report,
343
00:20:06,206 --> 00:20:07,957
but it comes to usfrom Associated Press.
344
00:20:08,041 --> 00:20:09,500
I don't knowwhether it's filed--
345
00:20:09,584 --> 00:20:11,711
it must be filedfrom Tehran, and, uh,
346
00:20:11,794 --> 00:20:13,796
they say that the hostagesare leaving the airport.
347
00:20:13,880 --> 00:20:16,049
Imagine that,we are within half an hour
348
00:20:16,132 --> 00:20:17,967
- of the transition of power.- I'd like to hear
349
00:20:18,051 --> 00:20:20,345
from Ted Koppel beforethe President-elect comes out.
350
00:20:20,428 --> 00:20:22,222
Ted, can you come in andgive us any late information
351
00:20:22,305 --> 00:20:24,891
- on the hostages?- Yes, I can, UPI has just
352
00:20:24,974 --> 00:20:27,435
gone with a flash, which is,in effect, the highest,
353
00:20:27,518 --> 00:20:30,480
the most important notificationof news that they can give.
354
00:20:30,563 --> 00:20:33,149
The last time they did it waswith the Kennedy assassination.
355
00:20:33,233 --> 00:20:36,903
It's two words,it says, "Hostages Freed."
356
00:20:36,986 --> 00:20:39,030
They're free,they're free, Mr. President.
357
00:20:39,113 --> 00:20:40,531
They're free, Mr. President.
358
00:20:40,615 --> 00:20:42,492
We've had press reportsthat they're free.
359
00:20:42,575 --> 00:20:44,494
- Freed.- We've had press report.
360
00:20:44,577 --> 00:20:46,287
What do you haveto say about that?
361
00:20:46,371 --> 00:20:48,039
- What do you have to say, sir?- There's only one thing
362
00:20:48,122 --> 00:20:50,041
to say--thank God.
363
00:20:50,124 --> 00:20:52,293
One of the most dramaticfreedom pictures that we've
364
00:20:52,377 --> 00:20:54,087
all ever seen--those,
365
00:20:54,170 --> 00:20:57,048
the 52 American hostages nowofficially designated
366
00:20:57,131 --> 00:21:00,343
the returnees out of Iran.
367
00:21:00,426 --> 00:21:03,346
The Iranian hostage crisishappened in 1979
368
00:21:03,429 --> 00:21:06,099
and CNN launched in 1980.
369
00:21:06,182 --> 00:21:08,268
So my mother started taping
370
00:21:08,351 --> 00:21:11,271
really, at the birthof the 24-hour news cycle.
371
00:21:11,354 --> 00:21:14,315
The news 24 hours every day.
372
00:21:14,399 --> 00:21:16,317
Then she, she really,
373
00:21:16,401 --> 00:21:18,444
she really went into high gear.
374
00:21:18,528 --> 00:21:20,446
I recall there
were times when
375
00:21:20,530 --> 00:21:22,782
there were eight recorders
going at once.
376
00:21:22,865 --> 00:21:24,701
Those were special occasions.
377
00:21:24,784 --> 00:21:28,955
Normally, there were threeto five tapes recording.
378
00:21:29,038 --> 00:21:30,707
People would saythings, like, "Well,
379
00:21:30,790 --> 00:21:33,459
of course, the station'sgonna keep everything."
380
00:21:33,543 --> 00:21:34,836
Of course,
we know now that the stations
381
00:21:34,919 --> 00:21:37,588
don't keep everything.
382
00:21:37,672 --> 00:21:40,341
She understoodthat this was changing,
383
00:21:40,425 --> 00:21:43,094
the speed of newswas increasing,
384
00:21:43,177 --> 00:21:45,263
and that you'd find newsin places that you wouldn't
385
00:21:45,346 --> 00:21:48,099
have found itin order to fill that space.
386
00:21:52,937 --> 00:21:54,897
♪
387
00:21:54,981 --> 00:21:57,317
With new capabilitiesfor recording that
388
00:21:57,400 --> 00:21:59,444
and for tracking that process,
389
00:21:59,527 --> 00:22:01,529
she was watching public opinion
390
00:22:01,612 --> 00:22:04,866
being moldedin this new medium.
391
00:22:04,949 --> 00:22:10,204
♪
392
00:22:10,288 --> 00:22:14,459
I mean, I don't think it wasjoyful to her, this taping.
393
00:22:14,542 --> 00:22:17,295
And if the tape wasn't going,she was not happy.
394
00:22:17,378 --> 00:22:18,463
She couldn'tleave the apartment
395
00:22:18,546 --> 00:22:19,881
without having a tape in.
396
00:22:19,964 --> 00:22:22,258
And if we came in
and the tape stopped,
397
00:22:22,342 --> 00:22:25,428
she was upset, too,
because she didn't get it all.
398
00:22:25,511 --> 00:22:27,180
"The tape is ended,
what happened?"
399
00:22:27,263 --> 00:22:31,601
You know, so it was
a disaster for the day.
400
00:22:31,684 --> 00:22:33,478
♪
401
00:22:33,561 --> 00:22:35,480
We had to go backto The Barclay
402
00:22:35,563 --> 00:22:38,649
in-between thingsto change the tapes.
403
00:22:38,733 --> 00:22:40,985
She always knew exactly
404
00:22:41,069 --> 00:22:43,321
when one of the tape machineswere to stop.
405
00:22:43,404 --> 00:22:45,573
You said it wason Thursday night.
406
00:22:45,656 --> 00:22:47,784
- You taped the wrong show.- Take control of your TV.
407
00:22:47,867 --> 00:22:51,120
There is a system with your TVwhere you can record stuff,
408
00:22:51,204 --> 00:22:53,623
but she didn't want that.
409
00:22:53,706 --> 00:22:57,168
She was concerned someone elsewould know what she was taping.
410
00:22:57,251 --> 00:22:59,253
And she said,"I can tape what I want
411
00:22:59,337 --> 00:23:02,673
and people don't really knowwhat I'm actually taping."
412
00:23:02,757 --> 00:23:05,093
The predawn retrievalof Elián González
413
00:23:05,176 --> 00:23:06,969
came as many had begun thinking
414
00:23:07,053 --> 00:23:09,514
that a voluntary handoverwas in the offing.
415
00:23:09,597 --> 00:23:12,016
A moment-by-moment accounton how things changed
416
00:23:12,100 --> 00:23:15,269
from NBC's Pete Williams.
417
00:23:15,353 --> 00:23:17,188
She would often ask the people,
418
00:23:17,271 --> 00:23:18,773
you know,at Rittenhouse Camera,
419
00:23:18,856 --> 00:23:21,401
to send the tapesin black trash bags.
420
00:23:21,484 --> 00:23:23,569
♪
421
00:23:23,653 --> 00:23:27,782
I guess she felt insecurein a way that people were
422
00:23:27,865 --> 00:23:31,577
talkin' about her
behind her back or something.
423
00:23:31,661 --> 00:23:33,413
You know, she wouldalways tell me, "Frank--
424
00:23:33,496 --> 00:23:36,165
I don't look like you
and you don't understand
425
00:23:36,249 --> 00:23:40,837
what I've been through
and how people judge her."
426
00:23:40,920 --> 00:23:42,797
When she moved intoThe Barclay, she said
427
00:23:42,880 --> 00:23:45,341
she had gotten commentsfrom different residents
428
00:23:45,425 --> 00:23:48,553
saying she didn't belong there.
429
00:23:48,636 --> 00:23:51,472
She was secretive aboutthe process of recording
430
00:23:51,556 --> 00:23:54,142
partly because she wassecretive about everything,
431
00:23:54,225 --> 00:23:57,645
but partly because people kind
of viewed it as kind of nutty.
432
00:23:57,728 --> 00:24:00,064
Lucy Coleman and Lizare identical twins
433
00:24:00,148 --> 00:24:01,566
and they're celebrating.
434
00:24:01,649 --> 00:24:04,402
Wednesday they'll be100 years old.
435
00:24:04,485 --> 00:24:06,737
The odds of twinsliving a century are said to be
436
00:24:06,821 --> 00:24:08,698
one in seven hundred million.
437
00:24:08,781 --> 00:24:11,701
This is the greatest thing
this town has ever had.
438
00:24:11,784 --> 00:24:13,244
And it's signed Ronald Reagan.
439
00:24:13,327 --> 00:24:16,497
- That's fine, thank you.
- You're very welcome.
440
00:24:16,581 --> 00:24:18,458
- That's from the President.
- I know.
441
00:24:18,541 --> 00:24:20,293
She told her husbandten years ago
442
00:24:20,376 --> 00:24:22,879
that she wanted to be buriedin her beloved Cadillac.
443
00:24:22,962 --> 00:24:24,589
So after the 62-year-old woman
444
00:24:24,672 --> 00:24:26,924
died of cancer on Thursday,she got her wish.
445
00:24:27,008 --> 00:24:29,594
After the car was loweredinto the vault by the crane,
446
00:24:29,677 --> 00:24:33,681
the woman's casketwas placed on top of the car.
447
00:24:33,764 --> 00:24:36,142
They are still trying
to reach little Jessica McClure.
448
00:24:36,225 --> 00:24:38,060
She's 18 months old,
she's been trapped
449
00:24:38,144 --> 00:24:40,813
in a narrow pipe 20 feetbelow ground in Midland, Texas
450
00:24:40,897 --> 00:24:42,690
for nearly 24 hours now.
451
00:24:42,773 --> 00:24:44,233
The child fell while playing
452
00:24:44,317 --> 00:24:45,860
with other toddlersyesterday morning.
453
00:24:45,943 --> 00:24:48,571
Rescuers are now tryingto tunnel through rock
454
00:24:48,654 --> 00:24:51,240
- to reach Jessica.- Beaufort, South Carolina
455
00:24:51,324 --> 00:24:53,117
is a tranquil sort of place.
456
00:24:53,201 --> 00:24:56,787
How loud can you be
when you love God?
457
00:24:56,871 --> 00:25:00,041
Placid and tranquil untilthe preachers hit the streets.
458
00:25:00,124 --> 00:25:04,253
If you are found without
the blood of Jesus Christ,
459
00:25:04,337 --> 00:25:07,882
you will be cast alive
into a lake of fire.
460
00:25:07,965 --> 00:25:12,595
She did remark periodicallyon how small events
461
00:25:12,678 --> 00:25:15,681
from small town America wouldoccasionally make it onto CNN,
462
00:25:15,765 --> 00:25:18,643
which would never havemade the national news.
463
00:25:18,726 --> 00:25:21,395
She was concerned with howthat 24-hour news cycle
464
00:25:21,479 --> 00:25:24,190
was being filled and whateffect that would have.
465
00:25:24,273 --> 00:25:26,859
They send ustheir cars, their VCRs,
466
00:25:26,943 --> 00:25:28,945
and just about everything else.
467
00:25:29,028 --> 00:25:32,532
Their success makes them money,not necessarily friends.
468
00:25:32,615 --> 00:25:34,992
The Japanese have a bigpublic relations problem
469
00:25:35,076 --> 00:25:37,119
in America and big problems
470
00:25:37,203 --> 00:25:40,873
require big solutions.
471
00:25:40,957 --> 00:25:43,084
Big, how's this for big?
472
00:25:43,167 --> 00:25:46,212
Japan's newest export,Sumo wrestlers.
473
00:25:46,295 --> 00:25:50,007
The Japanese have just sentAmerica several tons of sumos,
474
00:25:50,091 --> 00:25:53,427
a good will tour to improveJapan's image in this country
475
00:25:53,511 --> 00:25:56,722
and just possibly to take ourminds off the trade deficit.
476
00:25:56,806 --> 00:25:59,725
Since the first of the year,
a new law allows German citizens
477
00:25:59,809 --> 00:26:01,978
free access to secret files
kept on them
478
00:26:02,061 --> 00:26:04,605
by the former
East German Secret Police.
479
00:26:04,689 --> 00:26:06,858
For decades,the police, known as Stasi,
480
00:26:06,941 --> 00:26:08,442
spied on thousands of Germans.
481
00:26:08,526 --> 00:26:10,152
The East GermanSecret Police had
482
00:26:10,236 --> 00:26:13,155
an extraordinarilyefficient spy apparatus,
483
00:26:13,239 --> 00:26:16,867
collecting information on anestimated six million people.
484
00:26:16,951 --> 00:26:19,745
The law not only gives victimsaccess to their files,
485
00:26:19,829 --> 00:26:21,497
but lets them see the names
486
00:26:21,581 --> 00:26:23,332
of thosewho spied against them.
487
00:26:23,416 --> 00:26:25,668
Truthfulnesswill not cushion the pain
488
00:26:25,751 --> 00:26:29,130
as East Germans discoverjust who spied on whom,
489
00:26:29,213 --> 00:26:32,300
including friends, neighbors,and even family.
490
00:26:32,383 --> 00:26:36,387
She was obsessed with themediation of media, you know,
491
00:26:36,470 --> 00:26:40,641
how media reflectsa society back to itself.
492
00:26:40,725 --> 00:26:42,893
Exploitation of tearful widows,
493
00:26:42,977 --> 00:26:45,271
cases of blatantsensationalism,
494
00:26:45,354 --> 00:26:47,857
and the manipulationof the press by politicians.
495
00:26:47,940 --> 00:26:50,318
And although accusingthe press of looking bad
496
00:26:50,401 --> 00:26:52,069
may seem to be fashionable,
497
00:26:52,153 --> 00:26:54,822
Chancellor says it doesn'tsquare with the facts.
498
00:26:54,905 --> 00:26:56,699
The polling data
that I have seen
499
00:26:56,782 --> 00:26:58,993
and the people I've
talked to around the country
500
00:26:59,076 --> 00:27:01,829
show that those of us who are
in it are far more worried
501
00:27:01,912 --> 00:27:04,790
about its credibility than those
who see it or read it.
502
00:27:04,874 --> 00:27:07,501
The public is fairly content
with the journalism
503
00:27:07,585 --> 00:27:09,295
it's getting in America today.
504
00:27:09,378 --> 00:27:10,921
I was thinking,
505
00:27:11,005 --> 00:27:14,467
what's the purposeof continually taping,
506
00:27:14,550 --> 00:27:17,386
but I didn't ask her about it.
507
00:27:17,470 --> 00:27:20,514
I think it was
for the betterment of mankind.
508
00:27:20,598 --> 00:27:23,893
♪
509
00:27:23,976 --> 00:27:27,063
They are coming essentiallyout of the same background
510
00:27:27,146 --> 00:27:29,482
and have pretty muchthe same biases
511
00:27:29,565 --> 00:27:32,735
and stereotypes and approaches
to life that you have.
512
00:27:32,818 --> 00:27:35,738
You talk among yourselves
in a technical language
513
00:27:35,821 --> 00:27:38,658
which is to exclude
the rest of us from being able
514
00:27:38,741 --> 00:27:41,994
to evaluate, in terms
of reality, our lives.
515
00:27:42,078 --> 00:27:43,913
You need, you need
to deal with people
516
00:27:43,996 --> 00:27:48,084
who are living
a different reality than yours.
517
00:27:48,167 --> 00:27:50,044
It seemed like shewas always interested
518
00:27:50,127 --> 00:27:52,171
in gettingdifferent people together
519
00:27:52,254 --> 00:27:55,633
and having them livetogether peaceably.
520
00:27:55,716 --> 00:27:57,051
John and Marion were working on
521
00:27:57,134 --> 00:28:00,054
this "Input"TV series together.
522
00:28:00,137 --> 00:28:02,515
And I guess they just bonded.
523
00:28:02,598 --> 00:28:04,558
To have a confrontation,
let's say, Jewish/Christian,
524
00:28:04,642 --> 00:28:07,353
or Black/White,
or youth/adult,
525
00:28:07,436 --> 00:28:10,690
whichever the course is,
they, too, come together
526
00:28:10,773 --> 00:28:14,527
as communities prepared
to hear honestly
527
00:28:14,610 --> 00:28:16,487
what they don't normally hear.
528
00:28:16,570 --> 00:28:20,908
So that this concept of really
opening yourself is, uh,
529
00:28:20,991 --> 00:28:23,911
what I am attempting to,
uh, help develop here.
530
00:28:23,994 --> 00:28:26,122
♪
531
00:28:26,205 --> 00:28:30,459
My father and Marionwere producers on the shows.
532
00:28:30,543 --> 00:28:35,840
I completely believe they were
really fighting for justice
533
00:28:35,923 --> 00:28:39,385
and freedom and that they each,
534
00:28:39,468 --> 00:28:41,762
in their own way,
were really committed to that.
535
00:28:41,846 --> 00:28:45,474
Any conceptual prejudice
or any misinformation
536
00:28:45,558 --> 00:28:48,936
which may exist
can be gotten out on the table.
537
00:28:49,019 --> 00:28:52,773
And when it's examined in this,
uh, spirit of affirmation,
538
00:28:52,857 --> 00:28:56,110
even if the affirmation's
only coming, let's say, one way,
539
00:28:56,193 --> 00:28:59,363
the belief is that somehow this
can be deflated and looked at
540
00:28:59,447 --> 00:29:03,200
so that the goodness
begins to bubble through.
541
00:29:03,284 --> 00:29:06,036
I was kind of intrigued by him,to say the least.
542
00:29:06,120 --> 00:29:07,788
You know, I was this guy
from the street corner
543
00:29:07,872 --> 00:29:11,542
and this is this rich guy
in Chestnut Hill.
544
00:29:11,625 --> 00:29:12,918
I knew that he didn't work,
545
00:29:13,002 --> 00:29:15,004
'cause he was alwaysaround in the daytime.
546
00:29:15,087 --> 00:29:17,923
So I said, this guyis too rich to work.
547
00:29:18,007 --> 00:29:20,176
John wantedsomething organized.
548
00:29:20,259 --> 00:29:23,721
It was real '60ts type of thing
and we'd hang out together.
549
00:29:23,804 --> 00:29:26,515
He would pick a topicand then we would discuss it.
550
00:29:26,599 --> 00:29:28,100
His quest was always,
551
00:29:28,184 --> 00:29:29,935
how are we gonna
change the structure?
552
00:29:30,019 --> 00:29:32,688
This phoniness, this,
this role playing,
553
00:29:32,772 --> 00:29:35,608
this not getting through to
each other, this creating images
554
00:29:35,691 --> 00:29:38,277
for each other and all this type
of thing has got to go.
555
00:29:38,360 --> 00:29:40,112
I was the rabble rouser.
556
00:29:40,196 --> 00:29:41,947
And I realized he was
trying to do the same things
557
00:29:42,031 --> 00:29:44,241
I was trying to do.
558
00:29:44,325 --> 00:29:47,912
Marion had that same goal.
559
00:29:47,995 --> 00:29:51,373
I respect a personwho will deal with, with--
560
00:29:51,457 --> 00:29:54,835
With my ideas
or with the situation,
561
00:29:54,919 --> 00:29:57,296
the reality of the situation.
562
00:29:57,379 --> 00:29:59,507
Not, not my credentials
563
00:29:59,590 --> 00:30:01,634
that I use the feminine wiles
564
00:30:01,717 --> 00:30:03,385
or that I say it the right way.
565
00:30:03,469 --> 00:30:05,471
You see, that's what's
wrong with black folks.
566
00:30:05,554 --> 00:30:07,014
We don't say it the right way.
567
00:30:07,097 --> 00:30:08,891
If we just did,
everything would be all right.
568
00:30:08,974 --> 00:30:11,644
And if women would just,
you know, uh, uh,
569
00:30:11,727 --> 00:30:14,980
say it politely and make them
think it's their idea and so on,
570
00:30:15,064 --> 00:30:16,440
then there wouldn't be
all this trouble.
571
00:30:16,524 --> 00:30:18,150
And why are we
now rocking the boat?
572
00:30:18,234 --> 00:30:19,693
- I think--
- I think we can't deal with it.
573
00:30:19,777 --> 00:30:22,738
Well, I don't accept
that totally in that--
574
00:30:22,822 --> 00:30:24,240
They were talkingabout process.
575
00:30:24,323 --> 00:30:25,991
And my mother said,"If I'm in charge,
576
00:30:26,075 --> 00:30:28,369
everybody can be equal,"
577
00:30:28,452 --> 00:30:30,871
which is the kind of thingthat you might expect
578
00:30:30,955 --> 00:30:33,707
from someone transitioningout of the Communist Party.
579
00:30:33,791 --> 00:30:37,169
You talked about, about faith
in the democratic process.
580
00:30:37,253 --> 00:30:40,339
You know, when people are killed
on the courthouse steps,
581
00:30:40,422 --> 00:30:43,300
you know, for going up
to register to vote,
582
00:30:43,384 --> 00:30:46,011
now, how can you expect
583
00:30:46,095 --> 00:30:48,055
black people to have faith
in the democratic process?
584
00:30:48,138 --> 00:30:50,015
If you want us to have faith
in the democratic process,
585
00:30:50,099 --> 00:30:51,642
- make it work.
- See, I'm with you.
586
00:30:51,725 --> 00:30:53,018
It's your process, make it work.
587
00:30:53,102 --> 00:30:54,937
See, I'm with you,
all of us together.
588
00:30:55,020 --> 00:30:56,564
Not I make it work,
but will you join me?
589
00:30:56,647 --> 00:30:58,190
- No, you make it work.
- Will you join me?
590
00:30:58,274 --> 00:30:59,775
You keep me out
of your institutions,
591
00:30:59,859 --> 00:31:01,360
- therefore you--no, you have...
- I should keep you out?
592
00:31:01,443 --> 00:31:03,320
...kept me out of your
institutions, your institutions
593
00:31:03,404 --> 00:31:05,155
- are what run this country.
- But if we are opening the door
594
00:31:05,239 --> 00:31:06,949
and saying, come,
let's sit down and talk
and reason together...
595
00:31:07,032 --> 00:31:08,993
- Make your process work first.
- ...as Johnson always says.
596
00:31:09,076 --> 00:31:10,077
- And then...
- You don't want to come in
597
00:31:10,160 --> 00:31:11,453
and reason together?
598
00:31:11,537 --> 00:31:13,539
You don't want me in there.
599
00:31:13,622 --> 00:31:15,249
See, you're only talking
as you, as an individual.
600
00:31:15,332 --> 00:31:17,585
Marion was
a very intelligent, very sharp,
601
00:31:17,668 --> 00:31:21,046
very determined person
to get her points across.
602
00:31:21,130 --> 00:31:23,632
I think John was
attracted to that.
603
00:31:26,510 --> 00:31:27,970
I think a lot of it had to do
604
00:31:28,053 --> 00:31:31,473
with them having
very similar ideals.
605
00:31:31,557 --> 00:31:36,020
And my mother really wasn'tinto social issues.
606
00:31:36,103 --> 00:31:39,690
She was an artist, she caredabout how things looked.
607
00:31:39,773 --> 00:31:44,403
And she was not a deeply
spiritual person at all.
608
00:31:44,486 --> 00:31:46,488
Unfortunately,I think my mother felt
609
00:31:46,572 --> 00:31:49,074
very accused by him
610
00:31:49,158 --> 00:31:52,077
and I think that reallydistressed my mom a lot.
611
00:31:52,161 --> 00:31:54,079
♪
612
00:31:54,163 --> 00:31:56,248
I'm trying to makea positive input in society
613
00:31:56,332 --> 00:31:59,668
instead of hanging on some setof norms that are prevailing.
614
00:31:59,752 --> 00:32:02,922
What is the key to building
615
00:32:03,005 --> 00:32:06,091
a type of way of communicating
and working together so we--
616
00:32:06,175 --> 00:32:09,595
I think he knew he thought
very differently about things
617
00:32:09,678 --> 00:32:12,473
and wasn't interested in
618
00:32:12,556 --> 00:32:16,268
his social class particularly.
619
00:32:16,352 --> 00:32:20,731
He had strongphilosophical convictions.
620
00:32:20,814 --> 00:32:23,233
The awakening of individualsas to who they are--
621
00:32:23,317 --> 00:32:25,361
What their identity is,
how they define themselves,
622
00:32:25,444 --> 00:32:26,820
whether as a member
of a white group
623
00:32:26,904 --> 00:32:28,739
or black group,
Jewish, Christian.
624
00:32:28,822 --> 00:32:31,617
Everyone is saying, "I'm trying
to find out who I am."
625
00:32:31,700 --> 00:32:33,994
- Well justified.
- One said, John, uh--
626
00:32:34,078 --> 00:32:36,538
The working relationshipand, eventually, the romance
627
00:32:36,622 --> 00:32:38,457
between these peoplefrom different backgrounds
628
00:32:38,540 --> 00:32:41,919
really puzzled people.
629
00:32:42,002 --> 00:32:43,796
My impression is thatthe two of them never
630
00:32:43,879 --> 00:32:45,547
really felt understoodby other people
631
00:32:45,631 --> 00:32:47,800
until they really meteach other.
632
00:32:47,883 --> 00:32:51,053
♪
633
00:32:51,136 --> 00:32:54,139
I knew that he had a family.
634
00:32:54,223 --> 00:32:56,475
I remember, you know,seeing him at our house.
635
00:32:56,558 --> 00:33:01,313
♪
636
00:33:01,397 --> 00:33:04,733
I think that I understoodsomething's going on.
637
00:33:04,817 --> 00:33:09,238
You know as a 10, 11-year-old,I kind of wasn't welcome.
638
00:33:09,321 --> 00:33:13,075
♪
639
00:33:13,158 --> 00:33:16,245
I'd been through college
and was living back at home.
640
00:33:16,328 --> 00:33:20,833
And I remember
coming into the kitchen
641
00:33:20,916 --> 00:33:24,753
and he was almost at the door
642
00:33:24,837 --> 00:33:27,089
with a suitcase.
643
00:33:27,172 --> 00:33:30,175
And I said,
"How long is this for?"
644
00:33:30,259 --> 00:33:32,136
I mean,
at this point I was 17.
645
00:33:32,219 --> 00:33:34,555
Um, "How long is this for?"
646
00:33:34,638 --> 00:33:37,391
And he said, "Well,
um, I'm not really sure."
647
00:33:37,474 --> 00:33:41,854
♪
648
00:33:41,937 --> 00:33:46,150
I was able to get horoscopesof two people who I knew
649
00:33:46,233 --> 00:33:48,235
who, uh, let's say
were very much in love
650
00:33:48,318 --> 00:33:50,654
or were collaborating together
very closely.
651
00:33:50,738 --> 00:33:52,281
And I was astounded
652
00:33:52,364 --> 00:33:54,908
when these two charts
were superimposed
653
00:33:54,992 --> 00:33:58,537
that here were these very--
about eight planets
654
00:33:58,620 --> 00:34:02,374
were in close correlation
or conjunction.
655
00:34:02,458 --> 00:34:05,794
♪
656
00:34:05,878 --> 00:34:08,297
There's a certain pointwhere even--
657
00:34:08,380 --> 00:34:10,883
even I'm gonna get it
658
00:34:10,966 --> 00:34:12,968
and, uh, I think I got it.
659
00:34:19,808 --> 00:34:22,352
I guess you could call itthe pre-marriage honeymoon.
660
00:34:22,436 --> 00:34:24,605
♪
661
00:34:24,688 --> 00:34:26,356
We spent quite a bit of timein London
662
00:34:26,440 --> 00:34:29,234
and then we spent at leasta few days in Paris.
663
00:34:29,318 --> 00:34:44,541
♪
664
00:34:44,625 --> 00:34:47,294
As a librarian,she'd kind of seen pictures
665
00:34:47,377 --> 00:34:51,131
of all this stuff andkind of knew a lot about it.
666
00:34:51,215 --> 00:34:53,467
It was just an amazing thing.
667
00:34:53,550 --> 00:34:57,596
♪
668
00:34:57,679 --> 00:35:00,766
It was a shift.
669
00:35:00,849 --> 00:35:03,852
I understood that we probablyweren't gonna have to heat
670
00:35:03,936 --> 00:35:06,855
the house with gasfrom the stove anymore.
671
00:35:06,939 --> 00:35:13,278
♪
672
00:35:13,362 --> 00:35:14,905
I certainly looked on him,you know,
673
00:35:14,988 --> 00:35:16,740
as a bit of a role model.
674
00:35:16,824 --> 00:35:20,285
♪
675
00:35:20,369 --> 00:35:23,413
They were marriedin New Hope, Pennsylvania,
676
00:35:23,497 --> 00:35:24,915
two daysafter I turned thirteen.
677
00:35:24,998 --> 00:35:27,292
♪
678
00:35:27,376 --> 00:35:28,794
A lot of John's familywas there, that was
679
00:35:28,877 --> 00:35:31,004
the first timeI met his children.
680
00:35:31,088 --> 00:35:33,006
♪
681
00:35:33,090 --> 00:35:36,009
I could see how happymy father was with Marion.
682
00:35:36,093 --> 00:35:38,262
♪
683
00:35:38,345 --> 00:35:40,931
It was pretty overwhelming.
684
00:35:41,014 --> 00:35:44,643
♪
685
00:35:44,726 --> 00:35:48,272
Each of them acceptedtheir personality quirks,
686
00:35:48,355 --> 00:35:50,983
their intensity and intellect
687
00:35:51,066 --> 00:35:52,901
at a level that neitherof them, I think,
688
00:35:52,985 --> 00:35:55,654
had really felt before.
689
00:35:55,737 --> 00:35:59,825
Her relationship to John was
690
00:35:59,908 --> 00:36:02,828
one of the most deeplysatisfying things in her life.
691
00:36:02,911 --> 00:36:05,330
♪
692
00:36:12,671 --> 00:36:23,098
♪
693
00:36:25,684 --> 00:36:30,397
♪
694
00:36:30,480 --> 00:36:33,567
Turn on the machine,
695
00:36:33,650 --> 00:36:36,153
pour in almost all the water,and then go,
696
00:36:36,236 --> 00:36:38,363
pump, pump, pump.
697
00:36:38,447 --> 00:36:40,199
This now is a tape
698
00:36:40,282 --> 00:36:42,951
of yesterday afternoon'sshooting, the assailant
699
00:36:43,035 --> 00:36:45,579
now held to the ground--the President, who was
700
00:36:45,662 --> 00:36:47,331
immediately pushedinto the car.
701
00:36:47,414 --> 00:36:49,333
I knew that theyrecorded things sometimes.
702
00:36:49,416 --> 00:36:51,877
- 24 hours a day, relax--- But I didn't have any sense of
703
00:36:51,960 --> 00:36:53,378
- it being a specific project.- NBC News Team.
704
00:36:53,462 --> 00:36:54,713
Experience you can trust.
705
00:36:54,796 --> 00:36:56,381
This is CBS.
706
00:36:56,465 --> 00:36:58,508
Each evening,Monday through Friday on--
707
00:36:58,592 --> 00:37:00,010
This is CBS.
708
00:37:00,093 --> 00:37:04,431
Twenty-four hour feedswere CNN, FOX, MSNBC.
709
00:37:04,514 --> 00:37:06,767
Then I would put inan eight-hour tape.
710
00:37:06,850 --> 00:37:09,394
Marion controlledcertain of the VCRs,
711
00:37:09,478 --> 00:37:12,439
selectively changingstation to station.
712
00:37:12,522 --> 00:37:15,275
She was creating
a library at home.
713
00:37:15,359 --> 00:37:19,363
And she often talked
about buying another property
714
00:37:19,446 --> 00:37:22,783
that she could put
her whole library in.
715
00:37:22,866 --> 00:37:25,452
Imagine being able
to go to a reference source
716
00:37:25,535 --> 00:37:27,204
where you can
actually see and hear.
717
00:37:27,287 --> 00:37:30,874
♪ Come feel the excitement ♪
718
00:37:30,958 --> 00:37:33,710
♪ Of who, what, where, why ♪
719
00:37:33,794 --> 00:37:36,421
♪ Open Britannica ♪
720
00:37:36,505 --> 00:37:38,048
That sense of kindof stewarding a whole
721
00:37:38,131 --> 00:37:39,841
lot of knowledgeand actually being able
722
00:37:39,925 --> 00:37:41,301
to give it to people struck
723
00:37:41,385 --> 00:37:43,303
her sort of democraticsensibilities.
724
00:37:43,387 --> 00:37:45,305
♪
725
00:37:45,389 --> 00:37:48,100
In Afghanistan,increasing numbers of refugees
726
00:37:48,183 --> 00:37:50,310
continue crossingthe border into Pakistan.
727
00:37:50,394 --> 00:37:51,979
The flow of refugees arrive
728
00:37:52,062 --> 00:37:53,855
at the rate of about 400 a day
729
00:37:53,939 --> 00:37:56,108
in camps set upby the Pakistan government
730
00:37:56,191 --> 00:37:58,318
- some distance from the border.- The New York City
731
00:37:58,402 --> 00:38:00,487
Transit Worker's strikeis into its fourth day.
732
00:38:02,656 --> 00:38:05,617
Yes, despiteall kinds of traffic jams--
733
00:38:05,701 --> 00:38:08,870
- Somebody do something!- New Yorkers have not allowed
734
00:38:08,954 --> 00:38:11,790
the strike to changetheir usual disposition.
735
00:38:11,873 --> 00:38:14,584
- This air stinks.
- It stinks.
736
00:38:14,668 --> 00:38:16,878
Don't bother me, why don't
you do something constructive?
737
00:38:19,381 --> 00:38:22,342
It's been two years since theSoviets invaded Afghanistan,
738
00:38:22,426 --> 00:38:24,428
and today a State Departmentreport said the Soviets
739
00:38:24,511 --> 00:38:28,056
seemed bogged down in aVietnam-like no-win situation.
740
00:38:28,140 --> 00:38:30,892
Terrorism in Lebanon
and in this country,
741
00:38:30,976 --> 00:38:33,353
and what, if anything,
can be done about it?
742
00:38:33,437 --> 00:38:36,606
It's an embassy in Kuwait,
a department store in London,
743
00:38:36,690 --> 00:38:40,277
and overall the fear that
maybe it could happen here.
744
00:38:40,360 --> 00:38:41,987
Ted Turner has announced
that his company,
745
00:38:42,070 --> 00:38:44,197
Turner Broadcasting System,
is putting up
746
00:38:44,281 --> 00:38:46,033
a half-million dollars
to help finance
747
00:38:46,116 --> 00:38:47,909
television programs
without regard
748
00:38:47,993 --> 00:38:50,245
to national origins or politics.
749
00:38:50,329 --> 00:38:52,456
Turner's political beliefs
were questioned.
750
00:38:52,539 --> 00:38:54,958
First of all, I don't think
these issues, in my opinion,
751
00:38:55,042 --> 00:38:56,668
these are not right or left
752
00:38:56,752 --> 00:38:58,628
or conservative
or liberal issues.
753
00:38:58,712 --> 00:39:02,049
These are--
issues that affect everyone.
754
00:39:02,132 --> 00:39:05,635
♪ We thank you Lord ♪
755
00:39:05,719 --> 00:39:07,471
Civil rights and women's groups
756
00:39:07,554 --> 00:39:09,973
rallied over the weekendin Pickens County, Alabama,
757
00:39:10,057 --> 00:39:12,893
on behalf of two local blackactivists who are likely to be
758
00:39:12,976 --> 00:39:15,562
sent to prison todayfor voting fraud.
759
00:39:15,645 --> 00:39:17,564
Sixty-nine-year-oldJulia Wilder,
760
00:39:17,647 --> 00:39:19,733
President of thePickens Voters League
761
00:39:19,816 --> 00:39:21,651
and fifty-one-year-oldMaggie Bozeman,
762
00:39:21,735 --> 00:39:24,071
President of a local NAACP.
763
00:39:24,154 --> 00:39:26,573
I would not have been
trying to help people
764
00:39:26,656 --> 00:39:28,492
had they been able
to do it for themselves,
765
00:39:28,575 --> 00:39:30,702
but we have a lot
of illiterate people here
766
00:39:30,786 --> 00:39:32,329
that don't understand.
767
00:39:32,412 --> 00:39:35,582
And I had been doing absentees
for them for years
768
00:39:35,665 --> 00:39:37,793
and still gonna plan
to do it, you know.
769
00:39:37,876 --> 00:39:40,837
What's wrong with the journey
from log cabin to White House
770
00:39:40,921 --> 00:39:43,507
and what's wrong with
the journey from peanut planter
771
00:39:43,590 --> 00:39:45,342
to the president
if it is within the law?
772
00:39:45,425 --> 00:39:48,053
The Constitution provides
if you're 35 years of age
773
00:39:48,136 --> 00:39:50,180
or older and an American citizen
774
00:39:50,263 --> 00:39:51,890
and you can convince
the American electoral
775
00:39:51,973 --> 00:39:54,976
to vote for you, that is
the Constitutional provision.
776
00:39:55,060 --> 00:39:59,022
Computer technology has expanded
at an astonishing rate.
777
00:39:59,106 --> 00:40:02,818
It helps check out your food
and process your income taxes.
778
00:40:02,901 --> 00:40:05,737
♪
779
00:40:05,821 --> 00:40:08,156
Like computer music,
computer art is
780
00:40:08,240 --> 00:40:10,283
just beginning to be explored.
781
00:40:10,367 --> 00:40:11,827
But there are limits.
782
00:40:11,910 --> 00:40:14,413
A computer does not have
a mind of its own.
783
00:40:14,496 --> 00:40:17,541
A computer does not havea mind of its own.
784
00:40:17,624 --> 00:40:20,669
A computer does not havea mind of its own.
785
00:40:29,678 --> 00:40:31,304
The day the Macintoshcomputer was announced
786
00:40:31,388 --> 00:40:34,141
was a really big dealfor my mother.
787
00:40:34,224 --> 00:40:36,977
I remember her like,calling me 'round to the house
788
00:40:37,060 --> 00:40:39,604
to watch the commercialas it was aired.
789
00:40:39,688 --> 00:40:43,483
"I want to see itand I want you to see it."
790
00:40:43,567 --> 00:40:47,320
Today, we celebratethe first glorious anniversary
791
00:40:47,404 --> 00:40:50,407
of the InformationPurification Directives.
792
00:40:50,490 --> 00:40:53,660
- We have created--- Secure from the pests
793
00:40:53,743 --> 00:40:56,913
purveying contradictory truths.
794
00:40:56,997 --> 00:41:00,083
Our unification of thoughtsis more powerful a weapon
795
00:41:00,167 --> 00:41:02,669
than any fleetor army on Earth.
796
00:41:02,752 --> 00:41:04,921
They shall talkthemselves to death,
797
00:41:05,005 --> 00:41:08,341
and we will bury themwith their own confusion.
798
00:41:08,425 --> 00:41:12,262
We shall prevail.
799
00:41:14,973 --> 00:41:17,517
On January 24th, Apple Computer
800
00:41:17,601 --> 00:41:19,936
will introduce Macintosh.
801
00:41:20,020 --> 00:41:22,314
And you'll see why 1984
802
00:41:22,397 --> 00:41:25,942
won't be like "1984".
803
00:41:26,026 --> 00:41:28,528
♪
804
00:41:28,612 --> 00:41:30,655
My mother wasa huge fan of technology
805
00:41:30,739 --> 00:41:34,159
as a way of unlocking
people's potential.
806
00:41:34,242 --> 00:41:37,162
Now with Wang's newintegrated information system,
807
00:41:37,245 --> 00:41:40,624
one person very simply canperform data processing,
808
00:41:40,707 --> 00:41:42,584
word processing.
809
00:41:42,667 --> 00:41:44,753
Since mid-1970s, she'd started
810
00:41:44,836 --> 00:41:47,464
collecting VIC-20sand Commodore 64s.
811
00:41:47,547 --> 00:41:49,799
Who knows whatthe future holds.
812
00:41:49,883 --> 00:41:51,635
And she was looking for a type
813
00:41:51,718 --> 00:41:53,512
of computerthat would be easy to use.
814
00:41:53,595 --> 00:41:56,348
And Macintosh is saying,here is a way to make
815
00:41:56,431 --> 00:41:58,016
personal computersavailable to the rest of us.
816
00:41:58,099 --> 00:42:00,435
- We don't want to be--- Apple enhanced human freedom.
817
00:42:00,519 --> 00:42:03,271
Apple enhancedpeople's creativity.
818
00:42:03,355 --> 00:42:05,941
Apple was her baby.
819
00:42:06,024 --> 00:42:07,609
She had an incredible ability
820
00:42:07,692 --> 00:42:10,695
to recognize shiftsin media and technology,
821
00:42:10,779 --> 00:42:13,698
and she reacted to them.
822
00:42:13,782 --> 00:42:16,743
She becamean evangelist for Apple.
823
00:42:16,826 --> 00:42:19,538
She bought enormous amountsof their technology.
824
00:42:19,621 --> 00:42:23,041
The first thing she did give me
was an Apple computer.
825
00:42:23,124 --> 00:42:25,752
She was very interestedin us using it
826
00:42:25,835 --> 00:42:28,004
and then coming back
and telling her
827
00:42:28,088 --> 00:42:30,507
what we learned,
or what, you know,
828
00:42:30,590 --> 00:42:32,801
she could learn from it.
829
00:42:32,884 --> 00:42:34,219
She had multiple versions
830
00:42:34,302 --> 00:42:36,680
of every Apple productever released.
831
00:42:36,763 --> 00:42:39,224
Well, Ted, Apple Computer
says it expects profit margins
832
00:42:39,307 --> 00:42:41,768
of twenty percent or better
in the coming quarter.
833
00:42:41,851 --> 00:42:43,687
She really urgedthe family trust
834
00:42:43,770 --> 00:42:47,399
to investin Apple early on.
835
00:42:47,482 --> 00:42:51,987
I think her first purchaseswere at about $7 a share.
836
00:42:52,070 --> 00:42:53,738
And she'd insistthey hold Apple stock
837
00:42:53,822 --> 00:42:56,908
in an unwieldy large,discreet holding,
838
00:42:56,992 --> 00:43:00,537
and it went up significantly.
839
00:43:00,620 --> 00:43:02,539
It definitely increasedboth the family wealth
840
00:43:02,622 --> 00:43:06,167
and her personal wealth.
841
00:43:06,251 --> 00:43:09,004
"Here's to the crazy ones,
842
00:43:09,087 --> 00:43:14,175
the misfits, the rebels,troublemakers,
843
00:43:14,259 --> 00:43:17,387
the round pegsin the square holes,
844
00:43:17,470 --> 00:43:19,806
the ones who see thingsdifferently."
845
00:43:23,435 --> 00:43:26,771
She was very muchinto Steve Jobs.
846
00:43:26,855 --> 00:43:29,691
Mike will often joke
that Steve was her--
847
00:43:29,774 --> 00:43:30,859
one of her other sons
848
00:43:30,942 --> 00:43:33,945
that she had
other than just Michael.
849
00:43:34,029 --> 00:43:36,114
I remember whenSteve Jobs died,
850
00:43:36,197 --> 00:43:37,866
the next time I talked to her
she said, "I'm surprised you
851
00:43:37,949 --> 00:43:39,909
didn't call when Steve died."
852
00:43:39,993 --> 00:43:42,871
And I was like--
853
00:43:42,954 --> 00:43:45,999
She really, reallyidentified with Steve Jobs
854
00:43:46,082 --> 00:43:47,917
at a very early age,realizing that he was
855
00:43:48,001 --> 00:43:50,128
a lot more intelligent thana lot of people around him
856
00:43:50,211 --> 00:43:53,298
and be incredibly hardon people.
857
00:43:53,381 --> 00:43:57,510
And Steve Jobs' storyof being adopted,
858
00:43:57,594 --> 00:44:00,722
those things really resonatedwith my mother.
859
00:44:00,805 --> 00:44:04,934
♪
860
00:44:05,018 --> 00:44:07,729
The route that we tookevery day was identical.
861
00:44:07,812 --> 00:44:09,981
But on that particular day,
862
00:44:10,065 --> 00:44:13,068
she decided to come homevia Germantown Avenue
863
00:44:13,151 --> 00:44:16,154
and she wanted to goand see her old home.
864
00:44:16,237 --> 00:44:21,701
♪
865
00:44:21,785 --> 00:44:27,082
We talked aboutan extraordinary subject,
866
00:44:27,165 --> 00:44:29,000
and that was her youth.
867
00:44:29,084 --> 00:44:33,630
♪
868
00:44:33,713 --> 00:44:36,424
I discovered her early life
869
00:44:36,508 --> 00:44:39,260
had been very similar to mine.
870
00:44:39,344 --> 00:44:41,054
We were both adopted.
871
00:44:41,137 --> 00:44:47,727
♪
872
00:44:47,811 --> 00:44:50,730
My mother was bornin Philadelphia in 1929
873
00:44:50,814 --> 00:44:53,608
so just after the crash.
874
00:44:53,692 --> 00:44:55,610
She was informally adopted.
875
00:44:55,694 --> 00:44:59,239
Her mother gave her upostensibly for economicreasons.
876
00:44:59,322 --> 00:45:01,825
But I think my mother trackedher down and found out
877
00:45:01,908 --> 00:45:04,411
that she had raisedsubsequent children,
878
00:45:04,494 --> 00:45:06,705
so she felt verybetrayed by that.
879
00:45:06,788 --> 00:45:08,832
♪
880
00:45:08,915 --> 00:45:10,500
She had a very turbulentchildhood, you know,
881
00:45:10,583 --> 00:45:13,837
just being passedfrom family to family.
882
00:45:13,920 --> 00:45:16,423
I think that,that early sense of abandonment
883
00:45:16,506 --> 00:45:19,134
and betrayal really kind of seta lot of my mother's attitudes
884
00:45:19,217 --> 00:45:20,719
toward other people.
885
00:45:20,802 --> 00:45:24,055
♪
886
00:45:24,139 --> 00:45:27,225
Me being a foster child,
we had that in common, too.
887
00:45:27,308 --> 00:45:29,936
♪
888
00:45:30,019 --> 00:45:33,189
Me and Richard,we were able to accept it
889
00:45:33,273 --> 00:45:36,943
and be more positive about it.
890
00:45:37,026 --> 00:45:39,821
But she still held those,
you know,
891
00:45:39,904 --> 00:45:42,615
hard to her heart
as far as her mother,
892
00:45:42,699 --> 00:45:45,744
and I feel as though
that hindered her life.
893
00:45:45,827 --> 00:45:48,747
It really did.
894
00:45:48,830 --> 00:45:52,167
She had, I think, heightenedand unrealistic standards
895
00:45:52,250 --> 00:45:55,754
for how family shouldbehave with each other.
896
00:45:59,507 --> 00:46:04,387
Three, two, one, and lift off!
897
00:46:04,471 --> 00:46:09,058
Lift off, and it hascleared the tower.
898
00:46:09,142 --> 00:46:12,145
I think maybe initiallyshe made efforts.
899
00:46:14,981 --> 00:46:18,902
I mean I would visit someand she was friendly,
900
00:46:18,985 --> 00:46:21,946
but it definitely feltlike a barrier to my father.
901
00:46:22,030 --> 00:46:25,200
♪
902
00:46:25,283 --> 00:46:29,579
I believe she was seeing itas competing with her.
903
00:46:29,662 --> 00:46:31,289
They wanted to doeverything together.
904
00:46:31,372 --> 00:46:34,375
Everything had to be together.
905
00:46:34,459 --> 00:46:36,211
I remember her saying,
"Oh, you know,
906
00:46:36,294 --> 00:46:40,381
we probably think of her
as the evil step-mother."
907
00:46:40,465 --> 00:46:44,469
Well, we didn't,
but in some ways we did.
908
00:46:44,552 --> 00:46:48,056
There was no sense of sortof being a family with them,
909
00:46:48,139 --> 00:46:50,934
because we weren't allowed to
talk about other family members.
910
00:46:51,017 --> 00:46:53,645
That was considered gossip.
911
00:46:53,728 --> 00:46:57,482
Gossip usually affirms
some sort of a norm
912
00:46:57,565 --> 00:46:59,943
that is a complicity
between the two people
913
00:47:00,026 --> 00:47:03,154
that are gossiping
as to the way people should be
914
00:47:03,238 --> 00:47:05,949
and this other person
somehow is different.
915
00:47:06,032 --> 00:47:08,201
And who decides what's normal,
and I think maybe
916
00:47:08,284 --> 00:47:10,912
a reexamination
of what is normal is,
917
00:47:10,995 --> 00:47:12,539
is in order at this point,
918
00:47:12,622 --> 00:47:15,291
because what's normal
is gonna be what we've, uh,
919
00:47:15,375 --> 00:47:16,543
- been taught or accepted.
- Accepted.
920
00:47:16,626 --> 00:47:18,753
The word dogmatic comes tomind.
921
00:47:18,837 --> 00:47:22,507
If I would disagree with her,I'd get blasted.
922
00:47:22,590 --> 00:47:25,677
And Michael said, basically,she was like that, too.
923
00:47:25,760 --> 00:47:29,097
♪
924
00:47:29,180 --> 00:47:31,474
My mother was,as someone who would tapethings
925
00:47:31,558 --> 00:47:34,435
and kept things,she was absolutely concerned
926
00:47:34,519 --> 00:47:37,522
that everyone agreedon the accurate details
927
00:47:37,605 --> 00:47:41,109
of what had happened.
928
00:47:41,192 --> 00:47:44,237
We would have a six-hourargument with her.
929
00:47:44,320 --> 00:47:46,739
I mean, literally six hours.
930
00:47:48,908 --> 00:47:50,994
Obviously,I found it difficult.
931
00:47:54,873 --> 00:47:57,667
It was a long point ofcontention between her and me
932
00:47:57,750 --> 00:48:00,628
about my boringly conventional
933
00:48:00,712 --> 00:48:02,839
intellect compared to her,
934
00:48:02,922 --> 00:48:04,674
which I think
is probably accurate.
935
00:48:04,757 --> 00:48:07,176
♪
936
00:48:07,260 --> 00:48:10,346
What she wanted was boldthinking, autodidactic,
937
00:48:10,430 --> 00:48:11,931
and really outsidethe mainstream.
938
00:48:12,015 --> 00:48:14,392
♪
939
00:48:14,475 --> 00:48:18,479
You know, I just got completelyfed up with being controlled,
940
00:48:18,563 --> 00:48:21,065
being, in a lot of ways,
talked down to.
941
00:48:21,149 --> 00:48:24,360
You know, my mother,
um, really could--
942
00:48:24,444 --> 00:48:26,529
could quite be very cruel
if she thought you weren't
943
00:48:26,613 --> 00:48:30,700
kind of intellectually up
to the--up to her standard.
944
00:48:30,783 --> 00:48:34,120
It was kind of likea two-day argument going on
945
00:48:34,203 --> 00:48:37,332
and I just remember stormingout of a couple of rooms.
946
00:48:37,415 --> 00:48:39,042
And my mother said,"Well, nice to have known you."
947
00:48:39,125 --> 00:48:42,045
♪
948
00:48:42,128 --> 00:48:44,505
And we just didn't
talk a whole lot,
949
00:48:44,589 --> 00:48:48,885
uh, for a long, long, long time.
950
00:48:48,968 --> 00:48:51,721
One of Mr. Reagan's nomineesis in trouble in Washington,
951
00:48:51,804 --> 00:48:53,932
in trouble for sayingthat the NAACP
952
00:48:54,015 --> 00:48:55,850
is a Pinko organization
953
00:48:55,934 --> 00:48:57,810
and that a white civil rights
attorney from his home state
954
00:48:57,894 --> 00:49:00,355
of Alabama is a disgrace
to his race.
955
00:49:00,438 --> 00:49:02,941
It's inconceivable to me
that a person of this attitude
956
00:49:03,024 --> 00:49:06,110
is qualified to be
a U.S. Attorney
957
00:49:06,194 --> 00:49:08,529
let alone a United States
Federal Judge.
958
00:49:08,613 --> 00:49:11,115
Jefferson BeauregardSessions III,
959
00:49:11,199 --> 00:49:14,786
he was brought face to facewith things he personally hadsaid.
960
00:49:14,869 --> 00:49:18,373
For example, that the NAACPand the Civil Liberties Union
961
00:49:18,456 --> 00:49:20,625
are un-American organizations.
962
00:49:20,708 --> 00:49:23,211
These comments
that you could say, uh,
963
00:49:23,294 --> 00:49:26,297
about a commie organization
or something,
964
00:49:26,381 --> 00:49:27,966
I may have said
something like that.
965
00:49:28,049 --> 00:49:29,968
♪ Made in the U.S.A. ♪
966
00:49:30,051 --> 00:49:33,554
Let's start the "Family Feud"the winner takes all.
967
00:49:33,638 --> 00:49:36,391
Thank you!
968
00:49:36,474 --> 00:49:40,061
Two or three years afterthat rather intense argument,
969
00:49:40,144 --> 00:49:43,439
I moved out of the countrywithout telling her.
970
00:49:43,523 --> 00:49:46,317
I was really running.
971
00:49:46,401 --> 00:49:48,820
So, you know, between the twoof us, we just kept it going.
972
00:49:48,903 --> 00:49:51,239
♪
973
00:49:51,322 --> 00:49:53,282
A few months ago,
I told the American people
974
00:49:53,366 --> 00:49:56,202
I did not trade arms
for hostages.
975
00:49:56,285 --> 00:49:59,872
My heart and my best intentions
still tell me that's true,
976
00:49:59,956 --> 00:50:03,126
but the facts and the evidence
tell me it is not.
977
00:50:03,209 --> 00:50:04,335
The devastation.
978
00:50:04,419 --> 00:50:06,462
- It's hopeless.- The despair.
979
00:50:06,546 --> 00:50:09,841
I've never seen men cry
like they have this year.
980
00:50:09,924 --> 00:50:13,678
This is CNN Breaking News.
981
00:50:13,761 --> 00:50:18,182
Um, because of the...
982
00:50:18,266 --> 00:50:22,270
the HIV virus that
I have attained, uh,
983
00:50:22,353 --> 00:50:24,564
I will have to retire
from the Lakers.
984
00:50:24,647 --> 00:50:27,358
If you feel your proposalwas unfairly denied or ignored
985
00:50:27,442 --> 00:50:30,903
because you are a woman ora member of a minority group,
986
00:50:30,987 --> 00:50:34,198
if so, the statewants information...
987
00:50:34,282 --> 00:50:37,869
Live from Iraq with scouts
in the Seven-Six infantry--
988
00:50:37,952 --> 00:50:39,912
Good morning, America!
989
00:50:39,996 --> 00:50:42,206
We are owned by larger
and larger companies.
990
00:50:42,290 --> 00:50:44,375
It doesn't make me a radical
to be somewhat concerned
991
00:50:44,459 --> 00:50:48,087
about white male boardroom view
will be even more a feature
992
00:50:48,171 --> 00:50:51,549
of the news gathering
and reporting.
993
00:50:51,632 --> 00:50:54,093
What story isn't being pursued?
994
00:50:54,177 --> 00:50:56,095
What story isn't being covered?
995
00:50:56,179 --> 00:51:04,645
♪
996
00:51:04,729 --> 00:51:06,981
Make us a part of your party.
997
00:51:07,065 --> 00:51:11,194
It is now 1992 Happy New Year!
998
00:51:11,277 --> 00:51:14,280
Curfew is in effect asLos Angeles continues to reel
999
00:51:14,363 --> 00:51:17,075
from violence in the aftermathof the Rodney King verdicts.
1000
00:51:17,158 --> 00:51:18,826
South Central partof the city looked like
1001
00:51:18,910 --> 00:51:21,954
- the burning Kuwaiti oil field.- One footnote to all of this,
1002
00:51:22,038 --> 00:51:23,956
the final episode
of the Cosby Show
1003
00:51:24,040 --> 00:51:25,708
aired tonight in Los Angeles.
1004
00:51:25,792 --> 00:51:29,337
For eight years, the programheld up an ideal of a happy,
1005
00:51:29,420 --> 00:51:31,214
successful blackAmerican family.
1006
00:51:31,297 --> 00:51:40,431
♪ And the victoryof good over evil ♪
1007
00:51:40,515 --> 00:51:44,268
♪
1008
00:51:44,352 --> 00:51:47,313
Fight the real enemy.
1009
00:51:47,396 --> 00:51:49,690
In all of this,
William Jefferson Clinton
1010
00:51:49,774 --> 00:51:52,443
has undermined
the integrity of his office
1011
00:51:52,527 --> 00:51:54,529
and has acted in a manner
subversive of the rule--
1012
00:51:54,612 --> 00:51:56,697
We're leaving this programto bring you live coverage
1013
00:51:56,781 --> 00:51:59,408
of President Clinton's commentson military strikes in Iraq.
1014
00:51:59,492 --> 00:52:02,537
On Wednesday,
I ordered our Armed Forces
1015
00:52:02,620 --> 00:52:05,206
to strike military
and strategic targets in Iraq.
1016
00:52:05,289 --> 00:52:10,962
♪
1017
00:52:11,045 --> 00:52:13,464
When we did talk,it was very, very strained.
1018
00:52:13,548 --> 00:52:16,509
Could have an hour-long phoneconversation with my mother
1019
00:52:16,592 --> 00:52:18,678
during which theremight be fifteen minutes
1020
00:52:18,761 --> 00:52:21,222
of actual talking and the restof it was just silence.
1021
00:52:21,305 --> 00:52:26,352
♪
1022
00:52:26,435 --> 00:52:29,063
That is the lunar eclipsefrom last night.
1023
00:52:29,147 --> 00:52:31,482
As this century ends,um, we have seen
1024
00:52:31,566 --> 00:52:35,653
our last lunar eclipseof the 1900s.
1025
00:52:35,736 --> 00:52:39,782
In Times Square,eyes are up there on the ball.
1026
00:52:42,034 --> 00:52:43,911
♪
1027
00:52:43,995 --> 00:52:45,913
Happy New Year!
1028
00:52:45,997 --> 00:52:51,961
♪
1029
00:53:01,971 --> 00:53:04,348
I don't remember how long ithad been since I had contact,
1030
00:53:04,432 --> 00:53:05,766
but it was a long time because
1031
00:53:05,850 --> 00:53:07,310
they would not answerthe phone.
1032
00:53:07,393 --> 00:53:11,272
Marion wouldn'tor couldn't, maybe.
1033
00:53:11,355 --> 00:53:13,316
At one point I asked her,
"Okay, if you don't answer
1034
00:53:13,399 --> 00:53:14,984
the phone, how are we supposed
to get in touch?"
1035
00:53:15,067 --> 00:53:17,278
She said,
"Well, you could FedEx us."
1036
00:53:19,030 --> 00:53:22,241
♪
1037
00:53:22,325 --> 00:53:25,036
I just decided,well, why don't I just
1038
00:53:25,119 --> 00:53:27,580
wait and seeif I can make contact.
1039
00:53:27,663 --> 00:53:29,999
I just sat in RittenhouseSquare and waited to see
1040
00:53:30,082 --> 00:53:32,376
if he would come out,
and he did.
1041
00:53:32,460 --> 00:53:36,380
♪
1042
00:53:36,464 --> 00:53:38,716
He would use a littlegrocery shop cart,
1043
00:53:38,799 --> 00:53:39,759
almost like a walker.
1044
00:53:39,842 --> 00:53:42,762
He was very stooped over.
1045
00:53:42,845 --> 00:53:45,973
He's making his wayup along 18th Street,
1046
00:53:46,057 --> 00:53:48,226
and, I mean,
here I am stalking my dad.
1047
00:53:48,309 --> 00:53:53,272
♪
1048
00:53:53,356 --> 00:53:55,650
So, I thought, "Well,
I guess I better just go up,"
1049
00:53:55,733 --> 00:54:00,446
and I, I did and said,
"Oh, here I am.
1050
00:54:00,529 --> 00:54:03,366
I just happened
to see you here."
1051
00:54:03,449 --> 00:54:05,159
And he seemed very gladto see me.
1052
00:54:05,243 --> 00:54:06,953
He sat down and said,"Let's talk."
1053
00:54:07,036 --> 00:54:10,790
♪
1054
00:54:10,873 --> 00:54:12,667
The burning questionthat I had,
1055
00:54:12,750 --> 00:54:14,418
that really all of us
siblings had,
1056
00:54:14,502 --> 00:54:18,005
was did he not
communicate with us
1057
00:54:18,089 --> 00:54:21,592
because he didn't want to,
or was it because of Marion?
1058
00:54:21,676 --> 00:54:23,552
♪
1059
00:54:23,636 --> 00:54:26,472
And he said that hisrelationship with Marion
1060
00:54:26,555 --> 00:54:29,100
was the most important thingin his life
1061
00:54:29,183 --> 00:54:33,437
and that he didn't
want to rock the boat.
1062
00:54:33,521 --> 00:54:35,356
I think he actually
used that term.
1063
00:54:35,439 --> 00:54:38,776
And he said, "Don't ever tell
Marion that we spoke here."
1064
00:54:38,859 --> 00:54:41,862
♪
1065
00:54:41,946 --> 00:54:44,073
I've considered himsomething of a wimp.
1066
00:54:44,156 --> 00:54:46,867
♪
1067
00:54:46,951 --> 00:54:48,869
I mean, I havea clear visual memory
1068
00:54:48,953 --> 00:54:51,914
of him walking,
1069
00:54:51,998 --> 00:54:54,292
crossing the street,and going back into
1070
00:54:54,375 --> 00:54:57,545
the Barclay apartment building
1071
00:54:57,628 --> 00:54:59,171
and not turning around.
1072
00:54:59,255 --> 00:55:04,552
♪
1073
00:55:04,635 --> 00:55:05,928
There's, perhaps, 20 years
1074
00:55:06,012 --> 00:55:08,264
that they were isolatedin that house.
1075
00:55:08,347 --> 00:55:11,767
♪
1076
00:55:11,851 --> 00:55:14,353
Sometimes I'd get down therein the morning.
1077
00:55:14,437 --> 00:55:16,940
They were there theirselves,
sitting in their chairs
1078
00:55:17,023 --> 00:55:21,068
amidst all these books
and magazines and stuff.
1079
00:55:21,152 --> 00:55:23,154
And if I would come in
or whatever, you know,
1080
00:55:23,237 --> 00:55:26,907
their chairs were side by side
and they'd be holding hands.
1081
00:55:26,991 --> 00:55:30,536
The way they treated each other
was just amazing.
1082
00:55:30,619 --> 00:55:33,706
♪
1083
00:55:33,789 --> 00:55:37,876
They told me
they were soulmates.
1084
00:55:37,960 --> 00:55:41,547
I think at that point in herlife she had ousted everyone.
1085
00:55:41,630 --> 00:55:44,884
She was contentwith just her and John.
1086
00:55:44,967 --> 00:55:49,055
And he sacrificed himself
for her.
1087
00:55:49,138 --> 00:55:50,973
You know, I believe that
1088
00:55:51,057 --> 00:55:52,767
he didn't agreewith everything,
1089
00:55:52,850 --> 00:55:56,854
but he humbled himselfto allow her to be herself.
1090
00:55:56,937 --> 00:55:58,647
♪
1091
00:55:58,731 --> 00:56:03,235
John was taken inby Ms. Stokes' knowledge.
1092
00:56:03,319 --> 00:56:06,405
She said, "People can't take
knowledge from you."
1093
00:56:06,489 --> 00:56:08,866
So she pretty much
felt that though--
1094
00:56:08,949 --> 00:56:12,411
the fact that she was
knowledgeable is what kept her
1095
00:56:12,495 --> 00:56:15,164
in the family, in John's heart.
1096
00:56:15,247 --> 00:56:19,794
♪
1097
00:56:24,548 --> 00:56:27,343
Would you like to loweryour monthly mortgage payments
1098
00:56:27,426 --> 00:56:30,304
or use the equity in your hometo consolidate your credit card
1099
00:56:30,388 --> 00:56:32,098
or other debts, just log on--
1100
00:56:32,181 --> 00:56:34,517
- Number two?- Yeah.
1101
00:56:34,600 --> 00:56:36,227
This just in,you are looking at,
1102
00:56:36,310 --> 00:56:38,562
obviously a very disturbinglive shot there.
1103
00:56:38,646 --> 00:56:41,482
That is the World Trade Centerand we have unconfirmed reports
1104
00:56:41,565 --> 00:56:44,026
this morning thata plane has crashed
1105
00:56:44,110 --> 00:56:47,363
into one of the towersof the World Trade Center.
1106
00:56:47,446 --> 00:56:50,574
CNN Center right now is justbeginning to work on thisstory,
1107
00:56:50,658 --> 00:56:52,618
obviously calling our sourcesand trying to figure out
1108
00:56:52,701 --> 00:56:55,663
exactly what happened,but clearly something
1109
00:56:55,746 --> 00:56:58,374
relatively devastatinghappening this morning there
1110
00:56:58,457 --> 00:57:01,252
on the south endof the island of Manhattan.
1111
00:57:01,335 --> 00:57:04,547
That is, once again,a picture of one of the towers
1112
00:57:04,630 --> 00:57:07,049
of the World Trade Center.
1113
00:57:07,133 --> 00:57:09,885
We can see these pictures,it's obviously, uh,
1114
00:57:09,969 --> 00:57:12,096
something devastatinghas happened, and, again,
1115
00:57:12,179 --> 00:57:15,057
unconfirmed report thata plane has crashed into one
1116
00:57:15,141 --> 00:57:17,644
of the towers there, we areefforting more information
1117
00:57:17,726 --> 00:57:21,522
on this subject as itbecomes available to you.
1118
00:57:21,605 --> 00:57:23,273
Right now we'vegot Sean Murtagh.
1119
00:57:23,357 --> 00:57:25,484
He is a CNN produceron the telephone right now.
1120
00:57:25,568 --> 00:57:27,278
Sean, what can you tell usabout what you know?
1121
00:57:27,361 --> 00:57:29,238
This is, uh, Sean Murtagh,I just was, uh, standing
1122
00:57:29,321 --> 00:57:33,492
on the, uh, vice presidentof finance,
1123
00:57:33,576 --> 00:57:35,995
the vice presidentof finance for CNN--
1124
00:57:36,078 --> 00:57:40,124
If every Capitol Hill scandal
merits weeks of coverage,
1125
00:57:40,207 --> 00:57:41,459
how much attention do
1126
00:57:41,542 --> 00:57:44,044
two-and-a-half million
dead merit?
1127
00:57:44,128 --> 00:57:46,797
It's a story we should
have brought you long ago.
1128
00:57:46,881 --> 00:57:49,425
This week, on Nightline
we'd like to make up for that
1129
00:57:49,508 --> 00:57:51,844
by finally telling you
about the beauty
1130
00:57:51,927 --> 00:57:54,221
and the tragedy of Congo.
1131
00:57:54,305 --> 00:57:58,058
Three years,
two-and-a-half million dead.
1132
00:57:58,142 --> 00:57:59,560
We thought you should know.
1133
00:57:59,643 --> 00:58:01,437
One of the WorldTrade Center towers.
1134
00:58:01,520 --> 00:58:03,981
Sean, what kind of plane,was it a small plane, a jet?
1135
00:58:04,064 --> 00:58:06,317
It was, uh, it was a jet,uh, it looked like--
1136
00:58:06,400 --> 00:58:07,943
We want to tell youwhat we know,
1137
00:58:08,027 --> 00:58:10,154
as we know it,but we just got a report in
1138
00:58:10,237 --> 00:58:12,156
that there's beensome sort of explosion
1139
00:58:12,239 --> 00:58:16,744
at the World Trade Centerin New York City.
1140
00:58:16,827 --> 00:58:19,497
One report said, and we can'tconfirm any of this,
1141
00:58:19,580 --> 00:58:22,458
that a plane may havehit one of the two towers
1142
00:58:22,541 --> 00:58:24,418
of the World Trade Center,but again,
1143
00:58:24,502 --> 00:58:26,712
you're seeingthe live pictures here.
1144
00:58:26,795 --> 00:58:28,589
We have no furtherdetails than that.
1145
00:58:28,672 --> 00:58:32,009
We don't know anythingabout what they have concluded
1146
00:58:32,092 --> 00:58:35,304
happened there this morning,but we're going to find out
1147
00:58:35,387 --> 00:58:38,098
and, of course, make surethat everybody knows on the--
1148
00:58:38,182 --> 00:58:40,809
These are of course, the twotwin Trade Center buildings
1149
00:58:40,893 --> 00:58:42,478
that are downat the foot of Manhattan.
1150
00:58:42,561 --> 00:58:45,564
That they really arethe beacons of New York.
1151
00:58:45,648 --> 00:58:47,399
It was there thatthere was the explosion
1152
00:58:47,483 --> 00:58:50,361
a couple of years agobrought about by terrorists.
1153
00:58:50,444 --> 00:58:52,446
That's all gone throughthe courts, but this,
1154
00:58:52,530 --> 00:58:54,281
we don't know anything about.
1155
00:58:54,365 --> 00:58:56,033
We don't know about anythingthat has happened here
1156
00:58:56,116 --> 00:58:57,576
other than the factthat there's obviously been
1157
00:58:57,660 --> 00:58:59,119
a major incident there,we're going to go to
1158
00:58:59,203 --> 00:59:01,038
a Special Reportnow from ABC News.
1159
00:59:01,121 --> 00:59:02,957
Any debris that has hit downthere, or can you see any--
1160
00:59:03,040 --> 00:59:04,875
My vantage point is too farfrom the World Trade Center
1161
00:59:04,959 --> 00:59:07,503
to make any, uh,determination of that.
1162
00:59:07,586 --> 00:59:09,880
Do you see any smoke,any flames coming out
1163
00:59:09,964 --> 00:59:12,007
of the engines of that plane?
1164
00:59:12,091 --> 00:59:15,177
This is an ABC NewsSpecial Report.
1165
00:59:15,261 --> 00:59:18,430
Was, uh, coming in lowand the--
1166
00:59:18,514 --> 00:59:20,724
The entire ABC Network,
Good Morning America
1167
00:59:20,808 --> 00:59:22,309
was in progress,
East Coast and the Midwest,
1168
00:59:22,393 --> 00:59:24,061
we will be joined
by the entire network
1169
00:59:24,144 --> 00:59:26,605
just to show you some
pictures of the--
1170
00:59:26,689 --> 00:59:29,858
I can see flames now coming outthe side of the building and--
1171
00:59:32,194 --> 00:59:34,780
It's 8:52 here in New York,
I'm Bryant Gumbel.
1172
00:59:34,863 --> 00:59:36,991
We understand that there has
been a plane crash on the,
1173
00:59:37,074 --> 00:59:39,451
uh, southern tip of Manhattan.
1174
00:59:39,535 --> 00:59:43,205
Live from New York City,apparently a plane
1175
00:59:43,289 --> 00:59:46,125
has crashed into the WorldTrade Center in New York.
1176
00:59:46,208 --> 00:59:49,086
8:52, we have limitedinformation at this point.
1177
00:59:49,169 --> 00:59:51,005
We don't know about injuries,
1178
00:59:51,088 --> 00:59:53,465
uh, in the buildingor people on the ground,
1179
00:59:53,549 --> 00:59:55,593
- but obviously, this has...- There.
1180
00:59:55,676 --> 00:59:58,512
It does not appear thatthere's any kind of a--
1181
00:59:58,596 --> 01:00:00,180
an effort up there yet,now remember--
1182
01:00:00,264 --> 01:00:01,849
- Oh, my God!- Oh God!
1183
01:00:01,932 --> 01:00:03,475
Oh my God.
1184
01:00:09,982 --> 01:00:11,358
I can hear you.
1185
01:00:11,442 --> 01:00:14,570
The rest of the world hears you,
and the people--
1186
01:00:18,949 --> 01:00:21,493
We didn't have contactfor many years.
1187
01:00:21,577 --> 01:00:25,039
But a month after 9/11happened,
1188
01:00:25,122 --> 01:00:26,540
I had written a note saying,you know,
1189
01:00:26,624 --> 01:00:28,208
"If there's anythingyou need any help with,
1190
01:00:28,292 --> 01:00:31,337
I'd be happy to help you."
1191
01:00:31,420 --> 01:00:32,588
Marion said,"There are some things
1192
01:00:32,671 --> 01:00:34,673
we could use some help with."
1193
01:00:34,757 --> 01:00:39,136
And what it was they needed help
with was labeling videotapes.
1194
01:00:39,219 --> 01:00:40,763
There was a wall of tapes
1195
01:00:40,846 --> 01:00:43,140
and there were little stickieson them.
1196
01:00:43,223 --> 01:00:46,018
CNN, a certain date and time,
1197
01:00:46,101 --> 01:00:49,229
and they wanted actual
labels put on them.
1198
01:00:51,565 --> 01:00:54,568
It just seems that she was moreconcerned about not losing
1199
01:00:54,652 --> 01:00:58,739
any information about whatwas happening in the world.
1200
01:00:58,822 --> 01:01:03,410
But that seemed to get in
the way of having real contact
1201
01:01:03,494 --> 01:01:07,122
or information about,
um, her family.
1202
01:01:10,084 --> 01:01:13,921
She collected between fortyand fifty thousand books.
1203
01:01:14,004 --> 01:01:15,381
She would buy them
at every opportunity.
1204
01:01:15,464 --> 01:01:19,426
She voraciously read them.
1205
01:01:19,510 --> 01:01:24,640
I think she said she hadnine apartments or homes.
1206
01:01:24,723 --> 01:01:26,684
We were like packed
to the gills.
1207
01:01:29,895 --> 01:01:31,438
She was a hoarder.
1208
01:01:31,522 --> 01:01:33,273
You know,
she hoarded everything.
1209
01:01:33,357 --> 01:01:36,110
You know, she got obsessedwith the syrup containers
1210
01:01:36,193 --> 01:01:37,778
that you get in diners,
1211
01:01:37,861 --> 01:01:41,740
so we found like 50of them or something.
1212
01:01:41,824 --> 01:01:43,992
We weren't allowedto throw anything out.
1213
01:01:44,076 --> 01:01:47,121
We kept them in bags,we called them burn bags
1214
01:01:47,204 --> 01:01:49,665
and we would stick 'emthroughout the apartments.
1215
01:01:49,748 --> 01:01:53,210
She got different books
that said, "My life is a mess"
1216
01:01:53,293 --> 01:01:56,547
and different ones about
how intelligent people
1217
01:01:56,630 --> 01:01:59,550
are hoarders and, you know,
1218
01:01:59,633 --> 01:02:02,386
live in disarray, you might say.
1219
01:02:04,596 --> 01:02:06,265
Hi, everybody.
1220
01:02:06,348 --> 01:02:10,185
What do you think we would findif we went to your house
1221
01:02:10,269 --> 01:02:13,480
with our television camerasand looked into your closet?
1222
01:02:13,564 --> 01:02:16,316
- A mess, probably.- And she would buy stuff.
1223
01:02:16,400 --> 01:02:18,610
And I would say, "Marion, wheredo you want me to put it?"
1224
01:02:18,694 --> 01:02:22,281
And she would say, "Make room."
1225
01:02:22,364 --> 01:02:24,825
It was almost like Marion'sbrain, these apartment rooms,
1226
01:02:24,908 --> 01:02:28,495
and she knew whereshe would store stuff.
1227
01:02:28,579 --> 01:02:31,707
Having all these magazinesand books piled up around her,
1228
01:02:31,790 --> 01:02:36,420
and tapes, and just walkingthrough these little pathways
1229
01:02:36,503 --> 01:02:38,589
was who she was.
1230
01:02:38,672 --> 01:02:42,342
If you took away everything,
1231
01:02:42,426 --> 01:02:44,720
you would take away Marion.
1232
01:02:47,097 --> 01:02:50,267
We're taking video toursthrough shopaholics' closets
1233
01:02:50,350 --> 01:02:52,978
just to see what exactlythey had hidden away.
1234
01:02:53,061 --> 01:02:54,062
Here's one of our viewers.
1235
01:02:54,146 --> 01:02:56,857
This one I love,
1236
01:02:56,940 --> 01:03:00,152
and as soon as I get
some place to wear it.
1237
01:03:00,235 --> 01:03:02,446
This makes a statement.
1238
01:03:02,529 --> 01:03:04,364
The difference betweena hoarder and a collector
1239
01:03:04,448 --> 01:03:06,533
is what value someone else
1240
01:03:06,617 --> 01:03:09,077
finds in what they've got.
1241
01:03:09,161 --> 01:03:11,455
So if people come
to a house and it--
1242
01:03:11,538 --> 01:03:15,083
they think it's a pile of junk,
then this person's a hoarder.
1243
01:03:15,167 --> 01:03:16,835
If they think, "Oh my God,
no one's ever kept this before?"
1244
01:03:16,919 --> 01:03:18,420
Then suddenly,
they're a collector.
1245
01:03:18,504 --> 01:03:20,672
Well, you rarely see them
in this good a shape.
1246
01:03:20,756 --> 01:03:22,633
For example,
the fingers are perfect.
1247
01:03:22,716 --> 01:03:24,885
The bird is in mint condition.
1248
01:03:24,968 --> 01:03:28,263
I'd say, if this were to go to
auction today, conservatively,
1249
01:03:28,347 --> 01:03:31,600
it would be worth
two in the bush.
1250
01:03:31,683 --> 01:03:34,269
- Really?
- It's just beautiful.
1251
01:03:34,353 --> 01:03:37,856
Thank you so much
for bringing it in.
1252
01:03:37,940 --> 01:03:41,527
When you have a institutionlike a museum or a university
1253
01:03:41,610 --> 01:03:44,112
and they begin to collect,you don't tend to question
1254
01:03:44,196 --> 01:03:45,823
why they're doing it.
1255
01:03:45,906 --> 01:03:48,575
There must bea rational reason.
1256
01:03:48,659 --> 01:03:52,079
But when you're one loneperson, and especially a woman,
1257
01:03:52,162 --> 01:03:56,208
then you're consideredto be an outlier.
1258
01:03:56,291 --> 01:03:59,002
We shouldn't ascriberationality to those in power
1259
01:03:59,086 --> 01:04:01,797
and irrationalityto those without it.
1260
01:04:01,880 --> 01:04:05,342
♪
1261
01:04:07,261 --> 01:04:09,930
In her mind,there was a purpose to it all.
1262
01:04:10,013 --> 01:04:12,516
She was alwayslooking into the future.
1263
01:04:12,599 --> 01:04:14,977
All news had to be kept
1264
01:04:15,060 --> 01:04:17,813
and for history, for prosperity.
1265
01:04:17,896 --> 01:04:20,190
We know who shot Trayvon.
1266
01:04:20,274 --> 01:04:22,985
When something was important,she would want me to sit
1267
01:04:23,068 --> 01:04:26,321
and watch it with her,like Trayvon Martin.
1268
01:04:26,405 --> 01:04:29,157
A neighborhood watch volunteer
told Sanford, Florida police
1269
01:04:29,241 --> 01:04:30,909
that he was acting
in self-defense.
1270
01:04:30,993 --> 01:04:32,119
I don't know what his deal is.
1271
01:04:32,202 --> 01:04:33,996
- Are you following him?- Yeah.
1272
01:04:34,079 --> 01:04:37,583
Okay, we don't need youto do that.
1273
01:04:37,666 --> 01:04:39,501
She wanted to, like, compare
1274
01:04:39,585 --> 01:04:42,170
the way the newsis put out there
1275
01:04:42,254 --> 01:04:45,966
and how we,
as a community takes it in.
1276
01:04:46,049 --> 01:04:49,553
We are going to demandequal justice under the law.
1277
01:04:49,636 --> 01:04:53,015
We are going to declare
poor people's independence
1278
01:04:53,098 --> 01:04:55,559
- in this country.
- That's all right.
1279
01:04:55,642 --> 01:05:00,188
Let the world pray,
but it'll be sorry.
1280
01:05:00,272 --> 01:05:02,608
A black insurance manwhose slaying
1281
01:05:02,691 --> 01:05:04,902
fell in the hands of policemen
1282
01:05:04,985 --> 01:05:07,779
gave new fervorto their outcries
1283
01:05:07,863 --> 01:05:10,073
against police brutality.
1284
01:05:10,157 --> 01:05:11,783
We want them to keep seeing it,
if they keep seeing it,
1285
01:05:11,867 --> 01:05:14,077
they might do something about it
so it don't happen again.
1286
01:05:14,161 --> 01:05:16,914
From Washington, Ted Koppel.
1287
01:05:16,997 --> 01:05:20,417
The group calls itself MOVE,
M-O-V-E.
1288
01:05:20,500 --> 01:05:22,502
Its membership
is predominantly black,
1289
01:05:22,586 --> 01:05:25,422
and while it describes itself
as a back-to-nature movement,
1290
01:05:25,505 --> 01:05:28,508
that may be an overly benign
description of a group
1291
01:05:28,592 --> 01:05:30,218
that has terrorized
its neighbors
1292
01:05:30,302 --> 01:05:33,096
and has a history of violence.
1293
01:05:33,180 --> 01:05:34,973
I presume somewherein that archive
1294
01:05:35,057 --> 01:05:37,559
you could pull outa sub-archive
1295
01:05:37,643 --> 01:05:40,479
of racially motivatedpolice brutality.
1296
01:05:40,562 --> 01:05:42,105
Members of a radical group--
1297
01:05:42,189 --> 01:05:45,400
Going back and watchingin detail
1298
01:05:45,484 --> 01:05:47,069
how those stories get told,
1299
01:05:47,152 --> 01:05:49,696
what sort of justificationsare offered,
1300
01:05:49,780 --> 01:05:53,283
what sort of unansweredquestions remain.
1301
01:05:53,367 --> 01:05:55,702
Police dropped a percussionbomb onto this house
1302
01:05:55,786 --> 01:05:57,579
trying to flush out membersof a radical
1303
01:05:57,663 --> 01:05:59,414
back-to-the-earth groupknown as MOVE.
1304
01:05:59,498 --> 01:06:01,583
Last night,
inside the headquarters
1305
01:06:01,667 --> 01:06:03,543
of the radical group known
as MOVE--
1306
01:06:03,627 --> 01:06:06,630
Heavily armed members of
a radical group known as MOVE.
1307
01:06:06,713 --> 01:06:10,217
Martin Luther King saidthat because of television,
1308
01:06:10,300 --> 01:06:13,553
it was going to be hardto maintain racism
1309
01:06:13,637 --> 01:06:16,181
because televisionwould show all.
1310
01:06:16,264 --> 01:06:18,141
If you had thingslike Rodney King,
1311
01:06:18,225 --> 01:06:22,771
then how could you notreform racism in the country?
1312
01:06:22,854 --> 01:06:24,106
They can get it on videotape
1313
01:06:24,189 --> 01:06:26,608
and we still can't get
a conviction.
1314
01:06:26,692 --> 01:06:30,028
Well, what happens to the police
when they break the law?
1315
01:06:30,112 --> 01:06:32,864
That question's back again
because of Monday's beating
1316
01:06:32,948 --> 01:06:34,741
of two peopleby sheriff's deputies
1317
01:06:34,825 --> 01:06:37,160
from Riverside County,California.
1318
01:06:37,244 --> 01:06:39,287
Granted the videodoesn't tell you everything,
1319
01:06:39,371 --> 01:06:41,206
but it sure looks likethe deputies
1320
01:06:41,289 --> 01:06:44,584
were using excessive force,and it sure looks like
1321
01:06:44,668 --> 01:06:47,129
the Rodney King beatingall over again.
1322
01:06:47,212 --> 01:06:49,548
But isn't it a stretch
to try to use
1323
01:06:49,631 --> 01:06:53,010
this horrible incident
as part of your, uh,
1324
01:06:53,093 --> 01:06:56,263
your, uh, attempt
to justify illegal immigration?
1325
01:06:56,346 --> 01:06:57,973
We are more apt
to be the victims
1326
01:06:58,056 --> 01:07:00,600
of police brutality
than any other group.
1327
01:07:00,684 --> 01:07:03,937
Police use of deadly force
against Hispanics
1328
01:07:04,021 --> 01:07:05,814
has been
a very significant problem.
1329
01:07:05,897 --> 01:07:07,983
A few weeks ago
in South Carolina,
1330
01:07:08,108 --> 01:07:11,236
where a state trooper
in an unmarked car
1331
01:07:11,319 --> 01:07:15,032
took a woman who was speeding,
manhandled her,
1332
01:07:15,115 --> 01:07:18,035
threw her on her back,
uh, gave her bodily injury,
1333
01:07:18,118 --> 01:07:21,496
and she was as white
as the driven snow.
1334
01:07:21,580 --> 01:07:23,707
♪
1335
01:07:23,790 --> 01:07:25,375
Bill, I made
an embarrassing mistake.
1336
01:07:25,459 --> 01:07:27,711
The woman who was manhandled
in South Carolina was not white.
1337
01:07:27,794 --> 01:07:30,047
She was black, I saw the things
about a half a dozen times.
1338
01:07:30,130 --> 01:07:32,382
It just shows
how colorblind I am.
1339
01:07:32,466 --> 01:07:33,967
"Not Guilty,"
that was the headline
1340
01:07:34,051 --> 01:07:35,218
across the country today.
1341
01:07:35,302 --> 01:07:36,928
Three New York
police detectives,
1342
01:07:37,012 --> 01:07:40,307
50 bullets, and an unarmed
23-year-old shot to death
1343
01:07:40,390 --> 01:07:42,642
just hours before
the man was to be married.
1344
01:07:42,726 --> 01:07:44,144
Time and time again,
1345
01:07:44,227 --> 01:07:47,689
these cases are cases of black,
blue, and white.
1346
01:07:47,773 --> 01:07:50,233
Black is the race
of the people who are dead.
1347
01:07:50,317 --> 01:07:53,361
Blue is the uniform who kill
them, and white is the race
1348
01:07:53,445 --> 01:07:56,114
of the people
that let those killers go.
1349
01:07:56,198 --> 01:07:58,992
But see, but that
is the sort of race baiting.
1350
01:07:59,076 --> 01:08:00,744
This is--
there are two police officers--
1351
01:08:00,827 --> 01:08:02,829
- That happens to be true.
- There were five people here.
1352
01:08:02,913 --> 01:08:05,165
Five police officers, two
of them were African American.
1353
01:08:05,248 --> 01:08:08,960
We went into a little bitof history's web of violence.
1354
01:08:09,044 --> 01:08:11,379
And I just wonder and ifthis is related in any way
1355
01:08:11,463 --> 01:08:13,924
to the whole acceptanceof violence
1356
01:08:14,007 --> 01:08:17,886
and killingas an everyday thing.
1357
01:08:17,969 --> 01:08:21,848
Those in power are able
to write their own history,
1358
01:08:21,932 --> 01:08:24,226
uh, from their own bias.
1359
01:08:24,309 --> 01:08:27,312
And, I think an extension
of that certainly would be
1360
01:08:27,395 --> 01:08:29,856
our discussion today
of violence, which we may
1361
01:08:29,940 --> 01:08:33,693
not call violence, but which
is a large-scale violation
1362
01:08:33,777 --> 01:08:36,113
of the human being potential
1363
01:08:36,196 --> 01:08:39,699
and uh, total humanity
and dignity.
1364
01:08:39,783 --> 01:08:41,409
She felt, until the end,
1365
01:08:41,493 --> 01:08:45,038
that her workwas supremely important,
1366
01:08:45,122 --> 01:08:48,041
and she sharedthat commitment with John.
1367
01:08:48,125 --> 01:08:50,919
How can those who
are committed to human potential
1368
01:08:51,002 --> 01:08:54,297
for a cooperative
and constructive society,
1369
01:08:54,381 --> 01:08:57,425
how can such persons
make a breakthrough?
1370
01:08:57,509 --> 01:08:59,719
How can we get out
of the web of violence
1371
01:08:59,803 --> 01:09:03,765
and break through and help
others break through to a, uh,
1372
01:09:03,849 --> 01:09:07,060
more peaceful and cooperative
type of society?
1373
01:09:07,144 --> 01:09:15,193
♪
1374
01:09:15,277 --> 01:09:17,737
I remember Marion calling melike three
1375
01:09:17,821 --> 01:09:19,948
or four o'clockin the morning and saying,
1376
01:09:20,031 --> 01:09:22,701
"Frank, we have to go tothe hospital right away,
1377
01:09:22,784 --> 01:09:25,287
there's a problem with John."
1378
01:09:25,370 --> 01:09:27,581
And when we got up there,he was gone.
1379
01:09:27,664 --> 01:09:32,919
♪
1380
01:09:33,003 --> 01:09:35,881
It was very clear that
she fundamentally changed
1381
01:09:35,964 --> 01:09:39,217
as a person though afterwards.
1382
01:09:39,301 --> 01:09:42,637
John was her friend,as well as her husband.
1383
01:09:42,721 --> 01:09:47,225
♪
1384
01:09:47,309 --> 01:09:51,229
She became much quieter,more passive in many ways.
1385
01:09:51,313 --> 01:09:55,734
A lot of her energy drainedafter his death.
1386
01:09:55,817 --> 01:10:00,447
She just would cry sometimes.
1387
01:10:00,530 --> 01:10:04,451
♪
1388
01:10:04,534 --> 01:10:07,078
During the periodafter his death,
1389
01:10:07,162 --> 01:10:09,998
she decidedto go to Channel Ten
1390
01:10:10,081 --> 01:10:13,043
to look at someof her old TV show.
1391
01:10:13,126 --> 01:10:14,502
If we don't get
into the situation
1392
01:10:14,586 --> 01:10:16,004
where a majority
of white people...
1393
01:10:16,087 --> 01:10:20,634
Of course,industry had passed her by
1394
01:10:20,717 --> 01:10:23,553
and the tapes were
no longer viewable
1395
01:10:23,637 --> 01:10:26,056
because they no longer had the
kind of equipment to show them.
1396
01:10:26,139 --> 01:10:28,308
You know, we're not gonna take
these arbitrary norms--
1397
01:10:28,391 --> 01:10:30,560
I think it took awaya part of her life
1398
01:10:30,644 --> 01:10:32,145
that she wanted to relive.
1399
01:10:32,229 --> 01:10:35,106
We're gonna recognize
this diversity of persons.
1400
01:10:35,190 --> 01:10:37,192
Each is legitimately human
1401
01:10:37,275 --> 01:10:39,945
and should in the total dialogue
of society
1402
01:10:40,028 --> 01:10:42,489
for the enrichment of all,
should be recognized...
1403
01:10:42,572 --> 01:10:44,616
I see a snowflakeon top of Seven Hills.
1404
01:10:44,699 --> 01:10:47,327
♪
1405
01:10:47,410 --> 01:10:50,330
One after eight this morning,drugs, sex, and rock 'n roll.
1406
01:10:50,413 --> 01:10:52,624
They're the terms
that define the '60s.
1407
01:10:52,707 --> 01:10:54,626
The problem is some say
our memories of that time
1408
01:10:54,709 --> 01:10:57,754
often preserve the pleasure
and forget the pain.
1409
01:10:57,837 --> 01:11:02,259
♪ Everything, turn, turn, turn ♪
1410
01:11:02,342 --> 01:11:04,386
Were the '60s a special timeor are they merely
1411
01:11:04,469 --> 01:11:06,471
the obsession ofthe Baby Boom generation,
1412
01:11:06,554 --> 01:11:08,598
the generation that can'tput their youth behind them?
1413
01:11:08,682 --> 01:11:11,726
Bruce Elliott is president of
the Anti-Nostalgia Association
1414
01:11:11,810 --> 01:11:14,479
for the Advancement of Time,
a group that believes
1415
01:11:14,562 --> 01:11:16,731
America is too preoccupied
with the past.
1416
01:11:16,815 --> 01:11:18,942
In what sense,
too preoccupied with the past?
1417
01:11:19,025 --> 01:11:21,653
Well, in the sense that
so much of contemporary culture
1418
01:11:21,736 --> 01:11:24,906
is really devoted to
regurgitating the past.
1419
01:11:24,990 --> 01:11:27,867
So it starts to obscure
our vision of the future.
1420
01:11:27,951 --> 01:11:29,369
What do you think
of what Bruce just said?
1421
01:11:29,452 --> 01:11:31,371
That if we're preoccupied
with that decade,
1422
01:11:31,454 --> 01:11:33,665
we can't look ahead
to the next one?
1423
01:11:33,748 --> 01:11:35,458
Well, you know,
it's on a continuum.
1424
01:11:35,542 --> 01:11:38,211
You can understand
the racism today when you see--
1425
01:11:38,295 --> 01:11:40,463
understand what happened with
the civil rights demonstration
1426
01:11:40,547 --> 01:11:43,508
in the '60s, uh,
it's on a continuum.
1427
01:11:43,591 --> 01:11:46,803
♪
1428
01:11:46,886 --> 01:11:50,223
The road ahead will be long.
1429
01:11:50,307 --> 01:11:52,726
Our climb will be steep.
1430
01:11:52,809 --> 01:11:56,646
We may not get there in one year
or even in one term.
1431
01:11:56,730 --> 01:11:59,607
But America,
I have never been more hopeful
1432
01:11:59,691 --> 01:12:02,444
than I am tonight
that we will get there.
1433
01:12:02,527 --> 01:12:06,072
I promise you,
we as a people will get there.
1434
01:12:08,074 --> 01:12:12,287
Nothing ever in our lifetimes
did we expect this to happen.
1435
01:12:12,370 --> 01:12:14,414
I--something big just happened.
1436
01:12:14,497 --> 01:12:19,711
It feels like, um, it feels
like anything is now possible.
1437
01:12:19,794 --> 01:12:24,007
Yes we can, yes we can,
yes we can, yes we can!
1438
01:12:27,177 --> 01:12:29,512
Mrs. Stokes was alwaysa futuristic person.
1439
01:12:29,596 --> 01:12:32,515
She was alwayslooking into the future.
1440
01:12:32,599 --> 01:12:34,642
She was absolutely determined
1441
01:12:34,726 --> 01:12:38,146
that the next generationwould be better.
1442
01:12:38,229 --> 01:12:41,441
♪
1443
01:12:46,029 --> 01:12:49,949
♪
1444
01:12:50,033 --> 01:12:52,285
Richard would say,"Where would you like to go?"
1445
01:12:52,369 --> 01:12:53,912
And she would look over
at me, say,
1446
01:12:53,995 --> 01:12:56,206
"Frank, where do you think
we should go today?"
1447
01:12:56,289 --> 01:12:58,458
Sometimes she would just want
to go out and ride.
1448
01:12:58,541 --> 01:13:00,543
♪
1449
01:13:00,627 --> 01:13:02,962
And then she mightjust look out the window
1450
01:13:03,046 --> 01:13:06,216
and once she got her iPhone,she liked to take pictures.
1451
01:13:06,299 --> 01:13:09,928
♪
1452
01:13:10,011 --> 01:13:11,930
When we first gotinto the restaurant,
1453
01:13:12,013 --> 01:13:14,933
she would always say,
"Don't just order what you like,
1454
01:13:15,016 --> 01:13:16,851
order--"
and I'm not into, you know,
1455
01:13:16,935 --> 01:13:19,479
ordering something
I don't think I'm gonna like.
1456
01:13:19,562 --> 01:13:21,481
And she's like,"Did you eat that already?"
1457
01:13:21,564 --> 01:13:25,777
So she would want me to trysomething I didn't have.
1458
01:13:25,860 --> 01:13:28,446
She told me,
"Frank, if I'm like your mother,
1459
01:13:28,530 --> 01:13:29,989
your mother yells at you, right?
1460
01:13:30,073 --> 01:13:31,533
So don't take it in a wrong way.
1461
01:13:31,616 --> 01:13:35,203
It's just that
I'm upset with you."
1462
01:13:35,286 --> 01:13:37,288
She had a martini every day.
1463
01:13:37,372 --> 01:13:41,209
Tanqueray martini, very dry,straight up with a twist.
1464
01:13:41,292 --> 01:13:42,544
If she didn't wantto drink it all,
1465
01:13:42,627 --> 01:13:44,546
we used to bring it home
in a paper cup.
1466
01:13:44,629 --> 01:13:47,006
♪
1467
01:13:47,090 --> 01:13:50,427
I don't think a lot of peoplerealize the real Marion,
1468
01:13:50,510 --> 01:13:52,762
how she cared about people,
1469
01:13:52,846 --> 01:13:55,390
was interested in everybody.
1470
01:14:01,938 --> 01:14:07,193
You had to be sitting rightnext to her holding her hand.
1471
01:14:07,277 --> 01:14:11,489
And that's what made menotice she was a person,
1472
01:14:11,573 --> 01:14:13,992
a giving and loving person.
1473
01:14:14,075 --> 01:14:15,910
♪
1474
01:14:15,994 --> 01:14:18,913
It came from meand Frank and Richard
1475
01:14:18,997 --> 01:14:21,374
opening her up to that,
1476
01:14:21,458 --> 01:14:25,962
because it was like a partof life she never saw.
1477
01:14:26,045 --> 01:14:29,007
To have that connection with
somebody to just hold your hand
1478
01:14:29,090 --> 01:14:33,386
and, you know,
be there for you every day.
1479
01:14:33,470 --> 01:14:36,347
Richard, the driver,Anna the aide, and myself,
1480
01:14:36,431 --> 01:14:40,643
we were part of her family,
I guess, you would call it.
1481
01:14:40,727 --> 01:14:44,898
I was quite pleasedwith that surrogate family.
1482
01:14:44,981 --> 01:14:48,151
I've got a deep levelof affection for those people
1483
01:14:48,234 --> 01:14:51,988
and that facilitated
much more opening
1484
01:14:52,071 --> 01:14:55,033
and much more communicationbetween,
1485
01:14:55,116 --> 01:14:56,910
you know,my kids and their grandmother
1486
01:14:56,993 --> 01:15:00,288
and they developed a really,really sweet relationship.
1487
01:15:00,371 --> 01:15:02,123
I remember my daughtersaying to me,
1488
01:15:02,207 --> 01:15:05,460
"I just can't imagine
Gran getting angry."
1489
01:15:05,543 --> 01:15:09,672
I'm like, you know, just--
it still makes me laugh.
1490
01:15:09,756 --> 01:15:12,425
It's just, it's hilar--
I told her,
1491
01:15:12,509 --> 01:15:14,427
"I love that you've got
that kind of relationship
1492
01:15:14,511 --> 01:15:18,473
with her, because no one
else on Earth does."
1493
01:15:18,556 --> 01:15:21,184
It's really difficultto get resolution
1494
01:15:21,267 --> 01:15:25,021
when somebody's turninga lot of emotions into anger.
1495
01:15:25,104 --> 01:15:26,898
Do you know what?
1496
01:15:26,981 --> 01:15:29,234
"I'm not sure what I did wrong,
but I need you to forgive me
1497
01:15:29,317 --> 01:15:31,653
and I forgive you,"
and we only got there
1498
01:15:31,736 --> 01:15:34,572
within the lasttwo months of her death.
1499
01:15:36,658 --> 01:15:38,117
You know,we need a system that--
1500
01:15:38,201 --> 01:15:39,994
The same sentimentas Arizona saying
1501
01:15:40,078 --> 01:15:42,330
the federal governmentjust isn't doing enough
1502
01:15:42,413 --> 01:15:45,625
to secure our borders and fightthe illegal immigration
1503
01:15:45,708 --> 01:15:49,170
- problem here in America.- I saw the most diverse looking
1504
01:15:49,254 --> 01:15:51,589
- social movement--- It was like almost 20 tapes
1505
01:15:51,673 --> 01:15:53,424
a day we were taping.
1506
01:15:53,508 --> 01:15:56,803
It was becoming harderand harder to find VHS tapes,
1507
01:15:56,886 --> 01:16:00,848
and I used to go around
the city scouring the stores.
1508
01:16:00,932 --> 01:16:02,809
Well, who doesn't want to be
able to predict the future?
1509
01:16:02,892 --> 01:16:05,353
Thirty years ago,
who knew we'd have the internet.
1510
01:16:05,436 --> 01:16:07,813
One man did know,
his name's Andy Gaspar.
1511
01:16:07,897 --> 01:16:10,191
It just seemed to us that there
was something new being born,
1512
01:16:10,275 --> 01:16:11,901
something that was
dramatically different
1513
01:16:11,985 --> 01:16:14,153
that would change the way
we communicate.
1514
01:16:14,237 --> 01:16:15,697
It was newspapers back then
1515
01:16:15,780 --> 01:16:18,366
that you thought sort
of might be in danger.
1516
01:16:18,449 --> 01:16:20,827
What do you think
is sort of the next wave?
1517
01:16:20,910 --> 01:16:22,662
Well, there are a few of them
and that is the role
1518
01:16:22,745 --> 01:16:24,706
of a local TV station.
1519
01:16:24,789 --> 01:16:27,542
We now have FOX News Channelthat's available
1520
01:16:27,625 --> 01:16:30,003
on the internetany time you want it.
1521
01:16:30,086 --> 01:16:32,463
You wonder, what is the roleof Channel Five News,
1522
01:16:32,547 --> 01:16:35,592
any local TV stationin that kind of environment.
1523
01:16:35,675 --> 01:16:39,012
♪
1524
01:16:39,095 --> 01:16:41,431
The aides would call me throughthe night sometimes and say,
1525
01:16:41,514 --> 01:16:43,474
"Marion's not doing very well."
1526
01:16:43,558 --> 01:16:45,935
♪
1527
01:16:46,019 --> 01:16:48,229
When I came in
she was in her chair,
1528
01:16:48,313 --> 01:16:51,190
but her head
was almost on the ground,
1529
01:16:51,274 --> 01:16:54,068
like she was bent in half.
1530
01:16:54,152 --> 01:16:56,529
When I sat her up and
I remember her eyes were open
1531
01:16:56,613 --> 01:16:58,698
and she looked at me and she
just patted my arm and she said,
1532
01:16:58,781 --> 01:17:02,076
"Frank, everything's
gonna be all right."
1533
01:17:02,160 --> 01:17:07,081
So I sort of felt that,
as she would say,
1534
01:17:07,165 --> 01:17:11,461
"The guardian angels were...
1535
01:17:11,544 --> 01:17:14,756
taking her home."
1536
01:17:14,839 --> 01:17:18,051
And so I got over thererelatively quickly.
1537
01:17:18,134 --> 01:17:19,802
You know, she was sitting up,
they'd propped her up
1538
01:17:19,886 --> 01:17:21,804
and she was just looking
very, very peaceful.
1539
01:17:21,888 --> 01:17:24,849
But on the news, and you know,
we kind of left the news running
1540
01:17:24,932 --> 01:17:26,434
because we didn't know
if she'd wake up
1541
01:17:26,517 --> 01:17:29,729
and just like blow up
that we'd turned it off,
1542
01:17:29,812 --> 01:17:32,148
so we just kind of left it on.
1543
01:17:32,231 --> 01:17:35,401
And there was this
horrific story unfolding.
1544
01:17:35,485 --> 01:17:38,446
We are now, uh, multiple hoursinto this horrific,
1545
01:17:38,529 --> 01:17:41,074
horrific crime that hashappened in this small,
1546
01:17:41,157 --> 01:17:44,619
sleepy New England townof Newtown, Connecticut
1547
01:17:44,702 --> 01:17:46,412
at this elementary school,the call came in
1548
01:17:46,496 --> 01:17:49,582
to 911 right around 9:30this morning.
1549
01:17:49,666 --> 01:17:51,626
A gunman walked in this school.
1550
01:17:51,709 --> 01:17:53,961
The latest number we have...
1551
01:17:54,045 --> 01:18:02,095
♪
1552
01:18:02,178 --> 01:18:04,389
That would have been
a rough day anyway.
1553
01:18:04,472 --> 01:18:09,394
♪
1554
01:18:09,477 --> 01:18:12,855
That would have been
a rough day anyway.
1555
01:18:12,939 --> 01:18:15,942
Again, we're hearing closerto 30 killed at the school
1556
01:18:16,025 --> 01:18:17,819
as far as children,little children.
1557
01:18:17,902 --> 01:18:19,654
Keep in mind,this school is kindergarten
1558
01:18:19,737 --> 01:18:22,365
through fourth grade,somewhere in-between 18--
1559
01:18:22,448 --> 01:18:24,909
And my mom's breathing wasgetting shallower and shallower
1560
01:18:24,992 --> 01:18:27,578
and her handswere getting colder.
1561
01:18:27,662 --> 01:18:31,249
I said, "You know, it looks like
your ride's here, you know?"
1562
01:18:31,332 --> 01:18:37,004
♪
1563
01:18:39,590 --> 01:18:41,509
♪
1564
01:18:41,592 --> 01:18:44,721
And she went.
1565
01:18:44,804 --> 01:18:51,394
♪
1566
01:18:51,477 --> 01:18:53,271
And then we turned offthe VCRs,
1567
01:18:53,354 --> 01:18:56,107
turned off the TV.
1568
01:18:56,190 --> 01:18:57,358
It was kind of scaryin the apartment
1569
01:18:57,442 --> 01:19:00,403
without all that noise.
1570
01:19:00,486 --> 01:19:04,949
♪
1571
01:19:05,032 --> 01:19:06,284
It was kind of likeyou only knew she was dead
1572
01:19:06,367 --> 01:19:08,578
when you turned the VCRs off.
1573
01:19:08,661 --> 01:19:29,807
♪
1574
01:19:29,891 --> 01:19:31,517
When I discovered that I wasa co-executor of the will,
1575
01:19:31,601 --> 01:19:34,020
and then realizing that she had
basically trusted me with
1576
01:19:34,103 --> 01:19:36,355
finding the right home for it.
1577
01:19:36,439 --> 01:19:38,733
She really didvalue my capabilities
1578
01:19:38,816 --> 01:19:40,359
and valued my perspective.
1579
01:19:40,443 --> 01:19:44,781
It's changed my viewof our relationship.
1580
01:19:44,864 --> 01:19:48,326
Michael said that, "This ismy mother's whole life.
1581
01:19:48,409 --> 01:19:49,994
It would be like throwingher whole life away
1582
01:19:50,077 --> 01:19:53,456
if I didn't do somethingwith them."
1583
01:19:53,539 --> 01:19:57,960
It was really a full-time jobfor a year and a half.
1584
01:19:58,044 --> 01:20:01,005
I donated a lot of booksto a charity that uses
1585
01:20:01,088 --> 01:20:04,967
second-hand booksto teach at-risk youths.
1586
01:20:05,051 --> 01:20:07,637
Got rid of the Apple computers,
1587
01:20:07,720 --> 01:20:10,765
but no one wouldtake the tapes,
1588
01:20:10,848 --> 01:20:13,267
no one.
1589
01:20:13,351 --> 01:20:17,188
So we decided to take all
the tapes and put 'em in a pod.
1590
01:20:17,271 --> 01:20:19,190
They were like 16 foot long,
1591
01:20:19,273 --> 01:20:22,026
8 foot high, and 8 foot wide,
1592
01:20:22,109 --> 01:20:24,111
and put 'em in storage until
1593
01:20:24,195 --> 01:20:27,114
something could be worked out.
1594
01:20:27,198 --> 01:20:31,035
We were very afraidnobody wants these
1595
01:20:31,118 --> 01:20:33,788
and they'll all just bethrown in the trash.
1596
01:20:33,871 --> 01:20:39,043
♪
1597
01:20:49,095 --> 01:20:50,805
Well, let me justput this out there.
1598
01:20:50,888 --> 01:20:54,016
This story just hits home withus newsies, us news junkies.
1599
01:20:54,100 --> 01:20:57,395
Every news broadcastfor 35 years
1600
01:20:57,478 --> 01:20:59,897
is about to be preservedfor posterity.
1601
01:20:59,981 --> 01:21:03,568
Thirty-five years, and for that
we have this woman to thank,
1602
01:21:03,651 --> 01:21:05,486
the late Marion Stokes.
1603
01:21:05,570 --> 01:21:09,991
Marion Stokes hit record
way back in 1977.
1604
01:21:10,074 --> 01:21:13,744
She didn't stop
until December of 2012.
1605
01:21:13,828 --> 01:21:17,540
All of that history arriving
today by truck at an archive
1606
01:21:17,623 --> 01:21:20,042
in San Francisco
from Stokes' home.
1607
01:21:20,126 --> 01:21:22,753
With me now from Philadelphia
is Marion Stokes' son,
1608
01:21:22,837 --> 01:21:26,549
Mike Metelits, and we are also
joined by Roger Macdonald
1609
01:21:26,632 --> 01:21:29,385
of the Internet Archive
in San Francisco.
1610
01:21:29,468 --> 01:21:31,679
But first, Roger,
to you, tell me
1611
01:21:31,762 --> 01:21:35,182
how rare is this collection
from Marion Stokes?
1612
01:21:35,266 --> 01:21:36,642
It's an exceptional collection,
1613
01:21:36,726 --> 01:21:40,104
really an unprecedentedcollection.
1614
01:21:40,187 --> 01:21:41,939
I first heard of Marion Stokes
1615
01:21:42,023 --> 01:21:45,192
from an email from Michael.
1616
01:21:45,276 --> 01:21:47,695
I was just amazed that somebody
1617
01:21:47,778 --> 01:21:49,906
had actually done this
at this size,
1618
01:21:49,989 --> 01:21:52,241
the magnitude of it.
1619
01:21:52,325 --> 01:21:53,951
And he took the stuff.
1620
01:21:54,035 --> 01:21:55,536
We shipped it
across the country,
1621
01:21:55,620 --> 01:21:57,872
a couple, a couple of trucks,
and a huge load
1622
01:21:57,955 --> 01:21:59,999
was lifted from my shoulders,
1623
01:22:00,082 --> 01:22:04,670
and it's just been a staggering,
staggering, uh, relief.
1624
01:22:04,754 --> 01:22:06,422
That we just felt like,
you know,
1625
01:22:06,505 --> 01:22:09,759
a miracle had happened
that someone was willing
1626
01:22:09,842 --> 01:22:12,178
to take them in to, you know,
1627
01:22:12,261 --> 01:22:14,889
make them accessible
to the public.
1628
01:22:14,972 --> 01:22:18,225
♪
1629
01:22:18,309 --> 01:22:20,645
They arrived in our warehousein Richmond
1630
01:22:20,728 --> 01:22:23,856
in truck after truck.
1631
01:22:23,940 --> 01:22:26,442
I think the scaleof Marion Stokes' collection
1632
01:22:26,525 --> 01:22:30,029
is absolutely unprecedented.
1633
01:22:30,112 --> 01:22:35,451
Nobody in this field hasever heard or seen the like.
1634
01:22:35,534 --> 01:22:39,914
What she recordedis inaccessible to us.
1635
01:22:39,997 --> 01:22:42,208
All the long formprogramming that she got,
1636
01:22:42,291 --> 01:22:45,294
all the CNN, all the FOX.
1637
01:22:45,378 --> 01:22:47,088
And then there's the local news.
1638
01:22:47,171 --> 01:22:49,048
That's a rare collection.
1639
01:22:49,131 --> 01:22:52,301
There are probably elementsthat she has that nobody has.
1640
01:22:52,385 --> 01:22:54,262
She understood
the power of media
1641
01:22:54,345 --> 01:22:56,389
to shape public opinion
and when--
1642
01:22:56,472 --> 01:22:57,682
One of my mother'sdreams was that
1643
01:22:57,765 --> 01:23:00,267
that would be availableto people.
1644
01:23:00,351 --> 01:23:02,311
As an only child, you know,
1645
01:23:02,395 --> 01:23:04,855
just to be able to takemy mother's life's work
1646
01:23:04,939 --> 01:23:06,983
and to be ableto participate in someone
1647
01:23:07,066 --> 01:23:09,402
making it available to people,
1648
01:23:09,485 --> 01:23:13,823
that's, that's just
enormously gratifying.
1649
01:23:13,906 --> 01:23:16,826
♪
1650
01:23:16,909 --> 01:23:20,705
Our intention and goalis to digitize them,
1651
01:23:20,788 --> 01:23:23,624
put everything thatshe has on our servers
1652
01:23:23,708 --> 01:23:26,460
to hold onto itfor future generations
1653
01:23:26,544 --> 01:23:28,963
and make it available.
1654
01:23:29,046 --> 01:23:32,174
What we're offering is tosearch television by keyword.
1655
01:23:32,258 --> 01:23:34,218
♪
1656
01:23:34,301 --> 01:23:35,928
When we sent them the test box,
1657
01:23:36,012 --> 01:23:37,722
they immediatelybegan to realize
1658
01:23:37,805 --> 01:23:39,557
that the early days
of my mother's taping
1659
01:23:39,640 --> 01:23:41,767
were also the early days
of closed captioning.
1660
01:23:41,851 --> 01:23:45,896
They can use
the closed captioning as a tag
1661
01:23:45,980 --> 01:23:48,983
that lets people know
and search what's happening
1662
01:23:49,066 --> 01:23:50,818
in the actual videotape.
1663
01:23:50,901 --> 01:23:53,320
♪
1664
01:23:53,404 --> 01:23:56,157
The Internet Archive is ableto make these tapes accessible
1665
01:23:56,240 --> 01:24:00,244
in a much moretechnology savvy way.
1666
01:24:00,327 --> 01:24:02,288
Now there's so much media.
1667
01:24:02,371 --> 01:24:05,833
More than ever people needaccess to reliable information
1668
01:24:05,916 --> 01:24:07,710
to make their decisions,
1669
01:24:07,793 --> 01:24:09,503
and that was very muchwhat my mother
1670
01:24:09,587 --> 01:24:12,506
would have wanted to do.
1671
01:24:12,590 --> 01:24:15,009
Decades worthof television broadcasts
1672
01:24:15,092 --> 01:24:17,887
is irretrievably lost.
1673
01:24:17,970 --> 01:24:22,099
An archive redeems the objectof its collecting
1674
01:24:22,183 --> 01:24:25,144
from the trash can of history.
1675
01:24:25,227 --> 01:24:28,314
Effectively you willonly know afterwards
1676
01:24:28,397 --> 01:24:30,399
what is importantto have collected,
1677
01:24:30,483 --> 01:24:33,944
so the more you have,the more you can then go back
1678
01:24:34,028 --> 01:24:36,906
and say, "Hm,this is actually important."
1679
01:24:36,989 --> 01:24:40,409
♪
1680
01:24:40,493 --> 01:24:45,247
All archives create futures.
1681
01:24:45,331 --> 01:24:47,750
When looking
at the underlying instincts
1682
01:24:47,833 --> 01:24:51,087
that drives collection
and preservation,
1683
01:24:51,170 --> 01:24:55,508
there is this human driveto transcend time,
1684
01:24:55,591 --> 01:24:58,469
not willing to let goof any moment,
1685
01:24:58,552 --> 01:25:00,888
and the realization that
1686
01:25:00,971 --> 01:25:02,681
the past is never let go.
1687
01:25:02,765 --> 01:25:07,228
♪
1688
01:25:07,311 --> 01:25:09,438
The fact that she keptall this stuff,
1689
01:25:09,522 --> 01:25:11,774
when other people call upthat they wanted to save it
1690
01:25:11,857 --> 01:25:14,693
20 years after she started,that's smart.
1691
01:25:14,777 --> 01:25:16,904
♪
1692
01:25:16,987 --> 01:25:18,447
She had an incredible ability
1693
01:25:18,531 --> 01:25:20,991
to see trendsand to act on them.
1694
01:25:21,075 --> 01:25:23,828
♪
1695
01:25:23,911 --> 01:25:26,038
It's difficult notto call her a visionary,
1696
01:25:26,122 --> 01:25:28,124
really difficult to pullthat tag away from her.
1697
01:25:28,207 --> 01:25:30,584
♪
1698
01:25:30,668 --> 01:25:33,295
She was very,very much ahead of her time.
1699
01:25:33,379 --> 01:25:41,095
♪
1700
01:25:41,178 --> 01:25:43,973
She did give up a lotin terms of what, you know,
1701
01:25:44,056 --> 01:25:46,100
people think of askind of a normal human life,
1702
01:25:46,183 --> 01:25:49,353
but she funneled allthat energy into doing things
1703
01:25:49,436 --> 01:25:51,188
that she feltwere important to her,
1704
01:25:51,272 --> 01:25:55,025
that were gonna be importantin the long run.
1705
01:25:55,109 --> 01:25:58,779
It was hard for meand the family,
1706
01:25:58,863 --> 01:26:02,158
but I loved her.
1707
01:26:02,241 --> 01:26:05,995
♪
1708
01:26:10,416 --> 01:28:08,284
♪
140230
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