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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:28,200 --> 00:00:33,450 This film contains some scenes which some viewers may find upsetting 2 00:00:40,240 --> 00:00:44,450 I gave every part of my youth to do a job 3 00:00:44,450 --> 00:00:48,070 and to go through a savage war. 4 00:00:48,070 --> 00:00:51,410 It was a different war from year to year, and one's reactions 5 00:00:51,410 --> 00:00:53,370 were completely different. 6 00:00:53,370 --> 00:00:57,910 The intensity changed so much that anybody who'd been out in 1914 7 00:00:57,910 --> 00:00:59,950 and went home and came back in 1917, 8 00:00:59,950 --> 00:01:03,320 wouldn't recognise it as the same war. 9 00:01:03,320 --> 00:01:06,070 I can only say one thing, I wouldn't have missed it. 10 00:01:06,070 --> 00:01:09,070 It was terrible at times, but I wouldn't have missed it. 11 00:01:09,070 --> 00:01:12,870 Oh, yes, if I could have my time again, I'd go through it 12 00:01:12,870 --> 00:01:15,570 all over again because I enjoyed the service life. 13 00:01:15,570 --> 00:01:19,570 I could only say that I have never been so excited in my life, 14 00:01:19,570 --> 00:01:23,120 this was like a boy going to the play the first time. 15 00:01:23,120 --> 00:01:26,370 I never realised there was anything unusual about it. 16 00:01:26,370 --> 00:01:29,780 There was a job to be done and you just go on and did it. 17 00:01:29,780 --> 00:01:32,950 We were all instilled with the idea that this was war 18 00:01:32,950 --> 00:01:36,740 and that we've got to kill the Germans, and this is how we looked 19 00:01:36,740 --> 00:01:38,240 at the thing. 20 00:01:38,240 --> 00:01:40,910 I don't regret having experienced it. 21 00:01:40,910 --> 00:01:44,410 I wish I hadn't, but I don't regret it because I'm safe. 22 00:01:44,410 --> 00:01:45,990 HE LAUGHS 23 00:01:45,990 --> 00:01:48,240 There were good times and bad times in France. 24 00:01:48,240 --> 00:01:50,410 But you took the rough with the smooth. 25 00:01:50,410 --> 00:01:54,370 I was twice wounded and gassed, but it was just war and you made 26 00:01:54,370 --> 00:01:56,200 the best of it. 27 00:01:56,200 --> 00:01:58,570 Just took it in its stride, like everybody else. 28 00:01:58,570 --> 00:02:01,490 We were glad to be in it and we expected it to be rough, 29 00:02:01,490 --> 00:02:04,910 and it WAS rough, but we didn't complain. 30 00:02:04,910 --> 00:02:07,200 There was no real excitement about it. 31 00:02:07,200 --> 00:02:10,780 You'd seen death so many times, you'd seen wounded so many times, 32 00:02:10,780 --> 00:02:12,530 blood didn't excite you. 33 00:02:12,530 --> 00:02:16,620 We were professionals and to us it was just a job of work. 34 00:02:16,620 --> 00:02:21,200 It would be a fallacy to say that one enjoyed it, 35 00:02:21,200 --> 00:02:24,320 but one got afterwards a nice, warm inner feeling that 36 00:02:24,320 --> 00:02:25,870 one had been some use. 37 00:02:25,870 --> 00:02:28,370 It didn't affect me very much because I wasn't 38 00:02:28,370 --> 00:02:31,120 sufficiently open in the ways of the world, I was only a kid, 39 00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:33,030 like other blokes there. 40 00:02:33,030 --> 00:02:36,200 It was more like a great big game to be enjoyed, 41 00:02:36,200 --> 00:02:39,870 apart from the actual killing and all that sort of thing. 42 00:02:39,870 --> 00:02:41,410 It made me a man. 43 00:02:41,410 --> 00:02:42,870 Yes, it did. 44 00:02:42,870 --> 00:02:45,280 I don't think I should have ever been the man I am if it 45 00:02:45,280 --> 00:02:47,200 hadn't been for having to serve. 46 00:02:47,200 --> 00:02:50,490 You'd learn to look after yourself. 47 00:02:50,490 --> 00:02:54,620 Whereas in your civilian life, your mother did all the chores. 48 00:02:54,620 --> 00:02:56,990 You've got to learn how to cook for yourself, 49 00:02:56,990 --> 00:02:59,660 darn your own socks, sew on your own buttons 50 00:02:59,660 --> 00:03:01,410 and all the things like that. 51 00:03:01,410 --> 00:03:03,240 It was just a day's work. 52 00:03:03,240 --> 00:03:06,870 I knew that I was not alone, I knew I wasn't fighting the war 53 00:03:06,870 --> 00:03:10,370 by myself and that what happened to other people might happen to me. 54 00:03:10,370 --> 00:03:12,410 I had no regrets at all. 55 00:03:12,410 --> 00:03:15,030 But, you see, I had no wife, no girl, no nothing. 56 00:03:15,030 --> 00:03:17,280 No regrets, no horrors... 57 00:03:19,160 --> 00:03:22,280 ..because if you survive that, you can survive anything. 58 00:03:33,320 --> 00:03:35,530 We was aware that there was sort of a nasty feeling 59 00:03:35,530 --> 00:03:37,570 between England and Germany. 60 00:03:37,570 --> 00:03:40,490 We knew of the Kaiser's ambition to expand his empire 61 00:03:40,490 --> 00:03:42,870 and all that sort of thing. 62 00:03:42,870 --> 00:03:46,870 During that summer, there was a lot of talk about trouble 63 00:03:46,870 --> 00:03:49,240 going on in the Balkans, but we were a long way 64 00:03:49,240 --> 00:03:52,820 from the Balkans and it didn't worry us at all. 65 00:03:52,820 --> 00:03:55,120 It was that Serbia business, wasn't it? 66 00:03:55,120 --> 00:03:57,570 Serbia, when that chap was shot. 67 00:03:57,570 --> 00:04:00,570 I was paying attention to politics and I realised 68 00:04:00,570 --> 00:04:04,240 that there was going to be trouble between England and Germany. 69 00:04:04,240 --> 00:04:07,620 It was a lovely August the 4th morning. 70 00:04:07,620 --> 00:04:10,780 We were all seated around the table and we were starting 71 00:04:10,780 --> 00:04:12,990 the Rugby football dinner with the German team. 72 00:04:12,990 --> 00:04:15,660 There was a German here, next to him was an Englishman, 73 00:04:15,660 --> 00:04:17,990 and next to him was a German, and so on and so on. 74 00:04:17,990 --> 00:04:21,370 And a runner arrived into the middle of this dinner 75 00:04:21,370 --> 00:04:24,990 with extraordinary news of outbreak of war. 76 00:04:24,990 --> 00:04:27,910 There was a big placard - "War declared on Germany." 77 00:04:27,910 --> 00:04:30,240 We didn't know what we ought to do. 78 00:04:30,240 --> 00:04:32,280 Whether we got to seize a knife off the table 79 00:04:32,280 --> 00:04:35,120 and plunge it into the German or what! 80 00:04:35,120 --> 00:04:38,320 But, after a little bit of discussion, we decided 81 00:04:38,320 --> 00:04:42,280 that as far as we were concerned, the war was going to start tomorrow, 82 00:04:42,280 --> 00:04:44,530 and the party proceeded. 83 00:04:47,780 --> 00:04:50,530 I'm proud of being a British hero. I mean, I think we're as good 84 00:04:50,530 --> 00:04:52,070 a country as any in the world 85 00:04:52,070 --> 00:04:54,620 and you've got to be prepared to fight for that. 86 00:04:54,620 --> 00:04:56,450 There's no doubt about it - 87 00:04:56,450 --> 00:05:00,320 in the First World War, we prepared for war. 88 00:05:00,320 --> 00:05:04,120 The empire was strong, we weren't afraid of anyone. 89 00:05:04,120 --> 00:05:07,320 Everybody bought little buttons and white flags and sang songs, 90 00:05:07,320 --> 00:05:10,450 there was no feeling of despair about it at all. 91 00:05:10,450 --> 00:05:14,070 England couldn't possibly lose, no matter how many Germans pushed 92 00:05:14,070 --> 00:05:16,870 how many Englishmen into the Channel, that they'd get no further. 93 00:05:16,870 --> 00:05:19,160 We couldn't possibly lose. 94 00:05:19,160 --> 00:05:23,370 We were brought up to think that one Englishman was worth ten Germans. 95 00:05:23,370 --> 00:05:27,120 I thought that any enemy of England was an enemy of mine 96 00:05:27,120 --> 00:05:28,870 and I wanted to be in it. 97 00:05:28,870 --> 00:05:31,370 Oh, 6 months or 12 months, it would be all over 98 00:05:31,370 --> 00:05:33,450 and Bob's your uncle. 99 00:05:33,450 --> 00:05:35,950 I went with a friend of mine to Shepherd's Bush Empire 100 00:05:35,950 --> 00:05:38,950 to see the picture show there and they showed the fleet 101 00:05:38,950 --> 00:05:43,030 saving the high seas and played "Britons never shall be slaves", 102 00:05:43,030 --> 00:05:45,530 and one feels that little shiver run up their back and you know 103 00:05:45,530 --> 00:05:47,320 you've got to do something. 104 00:05:47,320 --> 00:05:50,030 A friend of mine said to me, "We're going to join up." 105 00:05:50,030 --> 00:05:52,570 It was from the patriotic point of view, 106 00:05:52,570 --> 00:05:57,660 and from the general excitement of the whole affair, I suppose. 107 00:05:57,660 --> 00:06:00,870 I didn't believe in war to that extent, but I was prepared 108 00:06:00,870 --> 00:06:03,070 to do my part. 109 00:06:03,070 --> 00:06:06,370 You see, in those days, men weren't to think for themselves, 110 00:06:06,370 --> 00:06:10,160 they just had to do what they were told and that's all there was to it. 111 00:06:10,160 --> 00:06:13,490 Oh, my mother was very aggrieved about it. 112 00:06:13,490 --> 00:06:16,870 But, you know, a young man, you decide you're going to go. 113 00:06:16,870 --> 00:06:20,660 At lunchtime, I left the office, went along to Armoury House 114 00:06:20,660 --> 00:06:23,990 and there was a queue of about 1,000 people trying to enlist. 115 00:06:23,990 --> 00:06:26,160 Everybody thought it would be a civilised war 116 00:06:26,160 --> 00:06:28,530 and wanted to be fit enough to go. 117 00:06:28,530 --> 00:06:31,240 Two of us decided to join up together, and when we told 118 00:06:31,240 --> 00:06:33,530 the boss we were going to start training on Monday, 119 00:06:33,530 --> 00:06:34,950 he was very annoyed. 120 00:06:34,950 --> 00:06:37,490 He didn't make any promise at all that our jobs would be there 121 00:06:37,490 --> 00:06:39,030 when we got back. 122 00:06:39,030 --> 00:06:42,490 My mother, she said, "You wait until you're 19." 123 00:06:42,490 --> 00:06:45,950 See, that was the age in those days, 19 to 35. 124 00:06:45,950 --> 00:06:48,280 Well, it was supposed to be. 125 00:06:48,280 --> 00:06:50,160 We were all lads together, you know, 126 00:06:50,160 --> 00:06:51,700 full of excitement 127 00:06:51,700 --> 00:06:53,240 and all this kind of thing. 128 00:06:53,240 --> 00:06:54,740 I mean, I just wanted 129 00:06:54,740 --> 00:06:56,240 to have a go at Jerry. 130 00:06:56,240 --> 00:06:58,990 I just thought that I'd like to go and fight for the country. 131 00:06:58,990 --> 00:07:01,990 This was the thing, you were proud of your country 132 00:07:01,990 --> 00:07:03,660 and you'd do the best you could for it. 133 00:07:03,660 --> 00:07:06,370 And this was what most of the young people thought of doing 134 00:07:06,370 --> 00:07:08,120 in those days. 135 00:07:08,120 --> 00:07:11,370 My mother, she said to me, "Look, we could stop you doing this 136 00:07:11,370 --> 00:07:12,990 "because of your age." 137 00:07:12,990 --> 00:07:16,740 I said, "Yes, I know you could, Mother, but I'm sure you won't." 138 00:07:16,740 --> 00:07:18,490 Which they never did. 139 00:07:18,490 --> 00:07:21,820 I just felt that all the young fellows of that age 140 00:07:21,820 --> 00:07:23,320 were volunteering 141 00:07:23,320 --> 00:07:25,450 and I thought it was my job to do the same. 142 00:07:25,450 --> 00:07:28,160 I was desperately keen and a whole heap of us were. 143 00:07:28,160 --> 00:07:30,120 I said, "Direct enlistment, please." 144 00:07:30,120 --> 00:07:31,740 They were highly delighted 145 00:07:31,740 --> 00:07:34,120 and pushed me in as quick as lightning. 146 00:07:34,120 --> 00:07:36,870 Lots of the lads were joining the local regiments, 147 00:07:36,870 --> 00:07:38,910 like the Bucks and the Middlesex. 148 00:07:38,910 --> 00:07:41,070 Lads that I knew and had been to school with, 149 00:07:41,070 --> 00:07:42,950 played football and cricket with, 150 00:07:42,950 --> 00:07:45,530 we joined up, hoping for the best. 151 00:07:45,530 --> 00:07:48,160 We were good friends, comrades 152 00:07:48,160 --> 00:07:52,320 and it was a relief from rather boring jobs at home, you see. 153 00:07:52,320 --> 00:07:55,490 I was walking down the Camden Town high street, 154 00:07:55,490 --> 00:07:59,700 when two young ladies approached me, "Why aren't you in the Army?" 155 00:07:59,700 --> 00:08:01,570 I said, "I'm only 17." 156 00:08:01,570 --> 00:08:03,530 "Oh, they all say that here." 157 00:08:03,530 --> 00:08:07,160 And to my amazement, she put her hand in her bag 158 00:08:07,160 --> 00:08:10,320 and I put my hand up to sort of safeguard myself, 159 00:08:10,320 --> 00:08:14,120 and this white feather finished up my nose. 160 00:08:14,120 --> 00:08:18,370 As we marched to the station, some of the chaps had bowler hats, 161 00:08:18,370 --> 00:08:22,820 some had straw hats, some had the regulation peaked Army cap. 162 00:08:22,820 --> 00:08:25,240 Some would have tunics, some would be dressed 163 00:08:25,240 --> 00:08:28,700 with their ordinary jackets with a pair of Army trousers. 164 00:08:28,700 --> 00:08:31,240 Some had Army boots, some didn't. 165 00:08:31,240 --> 00:08:33,870 And we really were a motley throng. 166 00:08:33,870 --> 00:08:36,320 Some of them were obviously chaps who had hoped to live 167 00:08:36,320 --> 00:08:39,280 in some comfort and brought suitcases with clothes with them, 168 00:08:39,280 --> 00:08:40,570 which they never saw again. 169 00:08:40,570 --> 00:08:42,620 We had to all get our hair cut. 170 00:08:42,620 --> 00:08:43,950 "How would you like it, sir?" 171 00:08:43,950 --> 00:08:46,240 And you'd say, "Short back and sides." 172 00:08:46,240 --> 00:08:48,530 But the answer was, straight over the top 173 00:08:48,530 --> 00:08:52,410 with horse clippers, and we looked more like convicts than soldiers. 174 00:08:52,410 --> 00:08:54,700 As soon as war broke out, there was a call made 175 00:08:54,700 --> 00:08:56,870 for all ex-soldiers to rejoin, 176 00:08:56,870 --> 00:08:59,620 and they made them sergeants straight away. 177 00:08:59,620 --> 00:09:02,780 So you got a lot of instructors that way. 178 00:09:02,780 --> 00:09:05,870 The people who really carried us through was the old sweats 179 00:09:05,870 --> 00:09:10,200 who'd had previous war experience and gave us a lot of wise advice 180 00:09:10,200 --> 00:09:13,570 as to what to look for and what to dodge. 181 00:09:13,570 --> 00:09:17,990 We were ordered down onto the parade ground and then we were allotted 182 00:09:17,990 --> 00:09:20,570 to different platoons. 183 00:09:20,570 --> 00:09:24,200 When they came to us, they were weedy, sallow, 184 00:09:24,200 --> 00:09:27,490 skinny, frightened children. 185 00:09:27,490 --> 00:09:31,620 The refuse of our industrial system and they were in very poor condition 186 00:09:31,620 --> 00:09:33,910 and had to be made into soldiers. 187 00:09:33,910 --> 00:09:37,910 Many of us had given our wrong ages to join the Army. 188 00:09:37,910 --> 00:09:40,450 The agent walked down the lines and gave an order, 189 00:09:40,450 --> 00:09:45,740 "Every man under the age of 19 should take two paces forward." 190 00:09:45,950 --> 00:09:48,490 Nobody moved. 191 00:09:48,490 --> 00:09:52,490 I was a lad of 17 and they'd probably say I wasn't 19, 192 00:09:52,490 --> 00:09:55,070 which you had to be to join up. 193 00:09:55,070 --> 00:09:58,450 But he says, "How long do you want to sign on for?" 194 00:09:58,450 --> 00:10:01,660 Everyone else was joining up so I called into the recruitment office 195 00:10:01,660 --> 00:10:04,620 and he said to me, "How old are you?" I said, "17, sir." 196 00:10:04,620 --> 00:10:08,030 Well, he said, "Go outside and come back and say you are 18." 197 00:10:08,030 --> 00:10:11,120 So of course, I went outside and said we were 18. 198 00:10:11,120 --> 00:10:12,950 I was straight up there. 199 00:10:12,950 --> 00:10:15,530 The Sergeant said, "How old are you?" 200 00:10:15,530 --> 00:10:17,030 I said, "I'm 18 and one month." 201 00:10:17,030 --> 00:10:19,320 He said, "Do you mean 19 and one month? 202 00:10:19,320 --> 00:10:21,240 So I thought for a moment, I said, "Yes, sir." 203 00:10:21,240 --> 00:10:23,200 He said, "Right, sign here, please." 204 00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:26,820 He asked me how old I was and I said I was 16 in March. 205 00:10:26,820 --> 00:10:28,530 He said, "You're too young, 206 00:10:28,530 --> 00:10:31,160 "you better go outside and have a birthday." 207 00:10:31,160 --> 00:10:34,530 I was 16 years old in 1917 208 00:10:34,530 --> 00:10:39,450 and I was six foot two tall and my father allowed me to go. 209 00:10:39,450 --> 00:10:42,660 So I entered my age as 19 years old, 210 00:10:42,660 --> 00:10:46,160 three years older than what I really was. 211 00:10:46,160 --> 00:10:50,700 I was 15 years, just 2½ years short of 18, 212 00:10:50,700 --> 00:10:54,280 and I got before this medical officer, who said, 213 00:10:54,280 --> 00:10:56,950 "All right, you pass." 214 00:10:56,950 --> 00:11:00,820 I had just turned 17 at the time and I went up to Whitehall 215 00:11:00,820 --> 00:11:03,820 and enlisted in the 16th Lancers. 216 00:11:03,820 --> 00:11:07,120 I was 15 and I thought I'd have a better chance 217 00:11:07,120 --> 00:11:08,950 than when I were 14. 218 00:11:08,950 --> 00:11:12,780 So I walked into the barracks and just said, "I'm 18," 219 00:11:12,780 --> 00:11:14,370 and that was it. 220 00:11:14,370 --> 00:11:17,740 My parents wrote to the commanding officer and asked for me, 221 00:11:17,740 --> 00:11:19,530 as I was underage, to be released. 222 00:11:19,530 --> 00:11:23,450 And he said, "Your parents want you back - do you want to go?" 223 00:11:23,450 --> 00:11:24,950 I said no. 224 00:11:26,450 --> 00:11:29,620 The chaplain asked me my age, and I said I was 16. 225 00:11:29,620 --> 00:11:34,370 He said, "Much too young. Would you like me to pray for you?" 226 00:11:39,660 --> 00:11:43,370 The clothing came piecemeal into the quartermaster stores. 227 00:11:45,530 --> 00:11:48,700 One lad said, "These boots don't fit me." 228 00:11:48,700 --> 00:11:51,490 And the quartermaster said, "There isn't such a thing as boots 229 00:11:51,490 --> 00:11:53,740 "that don't fit in the Army, it's your feet that don't 230 00:11:53,740 --> 00:11:55,200 "fit the boots." 231 00:11:55,200 --> 00:11:59,030 Some men would find a tunic to fit them or perhaps 232 00:11:59,030 --> 00:12:00,660 a pair of trousers. 233 00:12:00,660 --> 00:12:03,820 And so it went on for nearly a fortnight. 234 00:12:03,820 --> 00:12:05,410 Just one uniform. 235 00:12:05,410 --> 00:12:09,620 I was in the Army nearly four years, I only had one uniform. 236 00:12:09,620 --> 00:12:12,530 We were all issued with these famous puttees, 237 00:12:12,530 --> 00:12:15,740 which were news to all of us, and I personally could never quite 238 00:12:15,740 --> 00:12:18,410 master the putting on of puttees. 239 00:12:18,410 --> 00:12:22,620 The main reason for puttees were to support the legs in marching. 240 00:12:22,620 --> 00:12:26,320 I was issued with a kilt but nothing to wear underneath it, 241 00:12:26,320 --> 00:12:28,870 and I was given a slip of paper to say, 242 00:12:28,870 --> 00:12:32,070 "This man has not been issued with underpants." 243 00:12:32,070 --> 00:12:34,620 I was given strict instructions that I couldn't ride on top 244 00:12:34,620 --> 00:12:37,740 of the tram car, had to ride downstairs. 245 00:12:39,700 --> 00:12:43,280 Now, the pack was for everything that you own. 246 00:12:43,280 --> 00:12:47,700 The overcoat had to be folded very, very neatly and tightly. 247 00:12:47,700 --> 00:12:51,120 There was a needle, thread, spare buttons, knife, 248 00:12:51,120 --> 00:12:56,370 fork, spoon, razor, shaving brush, toothbrush and also a half-pint mug. 249 00:12:58,490 --> 00:13:03,700 One spare shirt and one spare pair of socks, and that was your kit. 250 00:13:03,950 --> 00:13:07,410 The Army razor with which we were issued was absolutely useless, 251 00:13:07,410 --> 00:13:10,660 but it came in handy for cutting up meat and so forth. 252 00:13:10,660 --> 00:13:13,740 The toothbrush, that came in handy for cleaning buttons. 253 00:13:13,740 --> 00:13:16,530 But one of the peculiarities about the Army was that, 254 00:13:16,530 --> 00:13:19,280 though it was a crime to have dirty buttons, 255 00:13:19,280 --> 00:13:21,490 you were never issued with the materials to clean 256 00:13:21,490 --> 00:13:24,120 the buttons, you had to buy them yourself. 257 00:13:24,120 --> 00:13:28,120 We were awakened by the bugle, which sounded Reveille. 258 00:13:28,120 --> 00:13:31,070 Wash, shave, pack your bed up and pack your kit. 259 00:13:31,070 --> 00:13:35,530 About half past six, and you would have an hour, PT before breakfast. 260 00:13:35,530 --> 00:13:39,950 Press-ups and physical exercises, arms upward stretch. 261 00:13:39,950 --> 00:13:43,570 They knew you were fresh and they tried to take it by stages, 262 00:13:43,570 --> 00:13:46,490 there wasn't any bullying or anything like that. 263 00:13:46,490 --> 00:13:50,370 Breakfast consisted of bread, butter, 264 00:13:50,370 --> 00:13:53,530 one rasher of Lance Corporal Bacon. 265 00:13:53,530 --> 00:13:56,370 It was streaky bacon, it had one stripe in it. 266 00:13:56,370 --> 00:13:59,030 Well, there was jam and they seemed to make nothing 267 00:13:59,030 --> 00:14:01,120 but plum and apple, you know? 268 00:14:01,120 --> 00:14:04,410 If you got any other kind, it was a celebration event. 269 00:14:06,120 --> 00:14:09,160 There were the Bruce Bairnsfather cartoons depicting that, 270 00:14:09,160 --> 00:14:11,490 handing him a tin of plum and apple jam. 271 00:14:11,490 --> 00:14:13,530 "When the 'ell is it going to be strawberry?" 272 00:14:13,530 --> 00:14:15,490 It was wonderful, that jam. 273 00:14:15,490 --> 00:14:19,030 Tickler's, the jam manufacturers, 274 00:14:19,030 --> 00:14:23,320 they must have made millions of tins of P&A, plum and apple. 275 00:14:23,320 --> 00:14:27,120 # Oh, oh, oh, it's a lovely war 276 00:14:27,120 --> 00:14:29,910 # What do we want with eggs and ham 277 00:14:29,910 --> 00:14:33,490 # When we've got bags of Tickler's Jam? # 278 00:14:33,490 --> 00:14:37,280 And then it would be parade time and the Sergeant would take over 279 00:14:37,280 --> 00:14:40,370 and you'd have a whole morning of marching 280 00:14:40,370 --> 00:14:42,870 and you would learn all commands, 281 00:14:42,870 --> 00:14:46,070 such as "about turn" and all that sort of thing. 282 00:14:46,070 --> 00:14:49,820 Having been in the Boy Scouts, it was dead easy to me. 283 00:14:49,820 --> 00:14:52,120 When you get the order "right dress", 284 00:14:52,120 --> 00:14:54,950 you turn your head only, to the right. 285 00:14:54,950 --> 00:14:57,200 Some of them managed to turn left, 286 00:14:57,200 --> 00:15:00,370 which didn't exactly please the drill Sergeant. 287 00:15:00,370 --> 00:15:02,490 We were all youngsters, we'd come from 288 00:15:02,490 --> 00:15:05,120 fairly sheltered lives and so forth. 289 00:15:05,120 --> 00:15:09,490 This Sergeant of ours was the loudmouth shouting type. 290 00:15:09,490 --> 00:15:14,450 Coming up against military discipline was a shock, 291 00:15:14,450 --> 00:15:18,780 being chased around from pillar to post by disciplinarian NCOs. 292 00:15:18,780 --> 00:15:21,030 Some of the sergeants were shockers. 293 00:15:21,030 --> 00:15:24,280 They would cause a lot of trouble if you were out of step 294 00:15:24,280 --> 00:15:27,200 or if you didn't keep time, or if you didn't handle 295 00:15:27,200 --> 00:15:29,070 your rifle properly. 296 00:15:29,070 --> 00:15:31,490 They were always having a go at you. 297 00:15:31,490 --> 00:15:33,780 Most of them were all right, the shouting meant nothing, 298 00:15:33,780 --> 00:15:35,820 but some of them never lost it. 299 00:15:35,820 --> 00:15:40,780 One night I'd gone to bed and this pot was brought round to my bed 300 00:15:40,780 --> 00:15:43,950 and they said, "Oh, you want to do a piss?" 301 00:15:43,950 --> 00:15:46,160 So I did the business in the pot. 302 00:15:46,160 --> 00:15:48,820 They'd rested this big, huge pot 303 00:15:48,820 --> 00:15:51,910 which contained gallons, on the door. 304 00:15:51,910 --> 00:15:56,240 And when this Sergeant came along to see that everybody 305 00:15:56,240 --> 00:15:58,620 was in bed, this thing turned up and he was drenched 306 00:15:58,620 --> 00:16:00,870 from top to bottom in fluid! 307 00:16:00,870 --> 00:16:03,160 HE LAUGHS 308 00:16:03,160 --> 00:16:06,240 First of all, I was full of enthusiasm. 309 00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:09,370 But after about the first week, I wished I hadn't done it. 310 00:16:09,370 --> 00:16:12,950 Because the discipline was so strict that I was beginning to get 311 00:16:12,950 --> 00:16:15,950 a little bit nervous as to what was in store. 312 00:16:15,950 --> 00:16:18,410 We weren't out dancing, anything like that. 313 00:16:18,410 --> 00:16:20,200 We were getting ready for a war. 314 00:16:20,200 --> 00:16:24,990 The thing was, you were in the Army, you had to do as you were told. 315 00:16:24,990 --> 00:16:28,990 You had one master, or dozens, but you just had to get on with it 316 00:16:28,990 --> 00:16:30,530 and that was it. 317 00:16:30,530 --> 00:16:32,620 I did find that right through the Army, 318 00:16:32,620 --> 00:16:35,450 if you behaved yourself, you'd nothing much to fear. 319 00:16:35,450 --> 00:16:37,490 This was quite a new world to us. 320 00:16:37,490 --> 00:16:40,030 I mean, you can imagine. I came out of civilian life, 321 00:16:40,030 --> 00:16:42,160 like all the others did, and we weren't in a position 322 00:16:42,160 --> 00:16:44,410 to argue or object. 323 00:16:44,410 --> 00:16:46,990 It was just a matter of doing what we were told. 324 00:16:46,990 --> 00:16:48,320 I liked it. 325 00:16:48,320 --> 00:16:52,160 I liked to be told what I had to do because there was a reason 326 00:16:52,160 --> 00:16:56,280 for doing it, and later on I realised that was the best training 327 00:16:56,280 --> 00:16:58,030 you could have. 328 00:16:58,030 --> 00:17:01,410 The first week, our route march would be ten miles, 329 00:17:01,410 --> 00:17:04,450 the second week it would be 12, and so on and so on. 330 00:17:04,450 --> 00:17:08,910 It intensified, because it's of the utmost importance 331 00:17:08,910 --> 00:17:12,660 that the infantry soldiers could march with a full kit. 332 00:17:12,660 --> 00:17:15,620 What you had to carry was 109 lbs. 333 00:17:15,620 --> 00:17:19,280 The marching was easy for me, but quite a lot of chaps 334 00:17:19,280 --> 00:17:22,950 who were in sedentary jobs found it pretty hard. 335 00:17:22,950 --> 00:17:28,200 It numbed and cramped my muscles on my thighs and calves 336 00:17:31,240 --> 00:17:33,320 Oh, those Army boots. 337 00:17:33,320 --> 00:17:34,910 I could have cried. 338 00:17:34,910 --> 00:17:40,200 My feet and ankles with those heavy Army boots after civilian shoes. 339 00:17:40,570 --> 00:17:44,320 So to get your boots made pliable, you used to urinate in them 340 00:17:44,320 --> 00:17:46,490 and leave it overnight. 341 00:17:46,490 --> 00:17:51,320 Quite a lot of men were clerks or they worked in shops, 342 00:17:51,320 --> 00:17:55,570 and the very nature of their calling didn't make for fitness. 343 00:17:55,570 --> 00:17:58,990 Well, they sent me to hospital and they gave me the cure 344 00:17:58,990 --> 00:18:04,240 for hookworm and I found that I could stand the drill after that. 345 00:18:04,240 --> 00:18:06,990 They used to march us all round the West End. 346 00:18:06,990 --> 00:18:11,240 Crowds used to foregather, and some of the poor, deluded ones 347 00:18:11,240 --> 00:18:14,620 fell for the con trick and lined up behind us 348 00:18:14,620 --> 00:18:17,120 and we used to march them all down to Chelsea barracks, 349 00:18:17,120 --> 00:18:18,620 where they got signed up. 350 00:18:21,410 --> 00:18:24,570 Lunch would consist of inedible stew. 351 00:18:24,570 --> 00:18:28,620 Now, you must remember the chaps in the cookhouse were by no means 352 00:18:28,620 --> 00:18:31,120 experienced cooks, but anybody can make a stew, 353 00:18:31,120 --> 00:18:33,030 and that's what they did. 354 00:18:33,030 --> 00:18:38,120 Sometimes we got a bit of plum duff and milk puddings and tapioca rice. 355 00:18:38,120 --> 00:18:40,820 It was the good old-fashioned, plain stuff 356 00:18:40,820 --> 00:18:42,410 that I was brought up on. 357 00:18:42,410 --> 00:18:44,870 I had no complaint about it. 358 00:18:44,870 --> 00:18:49,950 In the afternoon, it could be a lecture on Vickers machine guns. 359 00:18:49,950 --> 00:18:53,530 We used to strip the machinegun right down 360 00:18:53,530 --> 00:18:55,450 and put it together again. 361 00:18:55,450 --> 00:18:59,160 And, luckily, I seemed to cotton on to that quite quickly. 362 00:18:59,160 --> 00:19:02,200 We were always told the man's best friend is his rifle, 363 00:19:02,200 --> 00:19:03,910 and it was. 364 00:19:03,910 --> 00:19:08,320 Our rifle was a short Lee-Enfield, a very good rifle indeed. 365 00:19:08,320 --> 00:19:10,280 A real sturdy rifle. 366 00:19:10,280 --> 00:19:14,530 You had your ammunition pouches on both sides of the chest, 367 00:19:14,530 --> 00:19:16,780 to counterbalance the weight of the pack, 368 00:19:16,780 --> 00:19:21,740 and those pouches carried 150 rounds of .303 ammunition. 369 00:19:21,740 --> 00:19:24,450 We were supposed to hold the rifle up in one hand, 370 00:19:24,450 --> 00:19:26,910 but I could never hold a rifle properly. 371 00:19:26,910 --> 00:19:29,740 My right wrist wouldn't hold it up. 372 00:19:29,740 --> 00:19:32,660 I'd never fired a rifle in my life, but on the first day we went 373 00:19:32,660 --> 00:19:34,160 onto the rifle range, 374 00:19:34,160 --> 00:19:36,740 and it was amazing the bull's-eyes I was getting. 375 00:19:36,740 --> 00:19:40,370 So, the next thing, I was made a first-class rifleman. 376 00:19:40,370 --> 00:19:42,910 Above all, we learned rapid-fire. 377 00:19:42,910 --> 00:19:46,450 Ten rounds, get those ten rounds onto the target in one minute. 378 00:19:46,450 --> 00:19:48,740 It was known as "the mad minute". 379 00:19:48,740 --> 00:19:52,160 I'd never seen a dead man or anything of that kind, 380 00:19:52,160 --> 00:19:54,870 and I wondered, if it came to my shooting a man, 381 00:19:54,870 --> 00:19:56,950 whether I would be able to do this. 382 00:19:56,950 --> 00:19:59,990 Plunge the bayonet into the sack, shout like hell. 383 00:19:59,990 --> 00:20:02,320 And they would tell you where to put your bayonet. 384 00:20:02,320 --> 00:20:04,700 Either into his left shoulder, his right shoulder, 385 00:20:04,700 --> 00:20:06,990 in the chest or in the body. 386 00:20:06,990 --> 00:20:09,200 We was told to make as much noise as we could. 387 00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:11,280 I think that was to frighten the enemy. 388 00:20:11,280 --> 00:20:15,030 It didn't seem to me to be a likely thing to do, but we used to shout. 389 00:20:15,030 --> 00:20:18,160 When you train as a division, there's 12 battalions, 390 00:20:18,160 --> 00:20:21,240 there's roughly 12,000 men who are on the move, 391 00:20:21,240 --> 00:20:25,200 and you're a very small cog in a big wheel. 392 00:20:25,200 --> 00:20:28,200 Saturday mornings we were let off, but we had to do 393 00:20:28,200 --> 00:20:29,910 sometimes barrack duties. 394 00:20:29,910 --> 00:20:33,410 And then, on Sundays, we were all marched down to church. 395 00:20:33,410 --> 00:20:35,950 It didn't matter what religion you were, you all had to go, 396 00:20:35,950 --> 00:20:37,660 and that was it. 397 00:20:37,660 --> 00:20:40,160 Hardly a day passed without the shout 398 00:20:40,160 --> 00:20:41,530 around the barrack-room, 399 00:20:41,530 --> 00:20:43,910 "Has anybody here had any experience with horses? 400 00:20:43,910 --> 00:20:46,530 "Can anybody here play any musical instruments? 401 00:20:46,530 --> 00:20:49,070 "Anybody had an experience at so and so?" 402 00:20:49,070 --> 00:20:52,780 So gradually, the thousand men who were joined up 403 00:20:52,780 --> 00:20:57,280 as a motley throng, now became a transport man, a bandsman, 404 00:20:57,280 --> 00:20:59,240 signalman and so on. 405 00:20:59,240 --> 00:21:01,450 You didn't want to mess about on the parade ground 406 00:21:01,450 --> 00:21:03,780 with heavy packs on the route marches. 407 00:21:03,780 --> 00:21:07,620 Most of us wanted to go across and do some scrapping. 408 00:21:07,620 --> 00:21:11,120 After good food, fresh air and physical exercise, 409 00:21:11,120 --> 00:21:14,070 they changed so that their mothers wouldn't have recognised them. 410 00:21:14,070 --> 00:21:18,280 They put on an average of one stone in weight and one inch in height. 411 00:21:18,280 --> 00:21:21,700 Although we hated the sight and sound of our disciplinary sergeants, 412 00:21:21,700 --> 00:21:25,490 this reflects greatly to their credit because they knocked us 413 00:21:25,490 --> 00:21:28,240 into shape as regards to marching and foot drills. 414 00:21:28,240 --> 00:21:31,780 But far more than that, they were handsome, 415 00:21:31,780 --> 00:21:35,200 ruddy, upstanding, square-shouldered young men 416 00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:37,780 who were afraid of nobody, not even the Sergeant Major. 417 00:21:37,780 --> 00:21:40,450 After the six weeks, we were informed we were going 418 00:21:40,450 --> 00:21:42,910 to be posted overseas. 419 00:21:42,910 --> 00:21:47,070 They said, "You're leaving tomorrow morning for an unknown destination." 420 00:21:47,070 --> 00:21:49,570 You were never told where you were heading for. 421 00:21:49,570 --> 00:21:52,780 I just wanted to fight the Germans, and as far as that was concerned, 422 00:21:52,780 --> 00:21:55,530 it didn't matter tuppence to me where we went. 423 00:21:55,530 --> 00:21:58,570 And when we pushed them through this crash programme 424 00:21:58,570 --> 00:22:00,410 of military training, 425 00:22:00,410 --> 00:22:02,490 they were pushed off to France in batches. 426 00:22:02,490 --> 00:22:05,620 Before we left, the officer said, "well, you haven't had time 427 00:22:05,620 --> 00:22:09,070 "to be made sergeants, so we'll give you a couple of stripes." 428 00:22:09,070 --> 00:22:12,780 So they made us corporals, and in less than no time 429 00:22:12,780 --> 00:22:15,820 we were marched down to the station. 430 00:22:15,820 --> 00:22:18,950 In my mind I wondered, "Shall I ever come back?" 431 00:22:18,950 --> 00:22:21,070 I didn't think I would at the time. 432 00:22:21,070 --> 00:22:23,410 I didn't worry about it. 433 00:22:23,410 --> 00:22:26,990 Oh, they were all full of euphoria, they were all glad they were going. 434 00:22:26,990 --> 00:22:28,950 Nobody was crying. 435 00:22:28,950 --> 00:22:31,070 I wrote a postcard when I was in the train 436 00:22:31,070 --> 00:22:33,990 and chucked it out of the window, hoping that it would be delivered 437 00:22:33,990 --> 00:22:35,530 to my family. 438 00:22:35,530 --> 00:22:38,280 We arrived at Folkestone in the evening. 439 00:22:38,280 --> 00:22:41,950 We embarked on one of the old Thames pleasure boats. 440 00:22:41,950 --> 00:22:46,030 Well, pretty crowded, but of course there's only 21 mile 441 00:22:46,030 --> 00:22:48,780 from Dover to Calais on the boat. 442 00:22:48,780 --> 00:22:51,820 There were talks by officers to us as to how to behave ourselves 443 00:22:51,820 --> 00:22:54,950 on foreign soil, and that we've got to respect other people's 444 00:22:54,950 --> 00:22:57,070 modes of conduct. 445 00:22:57,070 --> 00:23:00,910 The biggest number of casualties were NCOs, 446 00:23:00,910 --> 00:23:03,370 and we weren't all too keen about this. 447 00:23:03,370 --> 00:23:07,030 So I went into the lavatory and my stripes came off 448 00:23:07,030 --> 00:23:09,570 and they disappeared through the porthole. 449 00:23:09,570 --> 00:23:12,570 And with that, I went back on deck as a private. 450 00:23:16,570 --> 00:23:18,700 As our horses were brought down the gangways, 451 00:23:18,700 --> 00:23:21,660 I noticed the expression on the men's faces. 452 00:23:21,660 --> 00:23:24,370 There were no cheerful, smiling faces coming down 453 00:23:24,370 --> 00:23:25,910 that gangway at all. 454 00:23:28,240 --> 00:23:30,660 It was beautiful weather, very warm, 455 00:23:30,660 --> 00:23:34,410 and every village and town we went through, people rushed out, 456 00:23:34,410 --> 00:23:37,740 bottles of wine, yards of French bread, flowers. 457 00:23:37,740 --> 00:23:40,200 The land flowed in every single aspect. 458 00:23:40,200 --> 00:23:42,320 There were farmers going about their business, 459 00:23:42,320 --> 00:23:44,240 the most lovely country. 460 00:23:46,450 --> 00:23:49,240 If we passed a field of carrots, we used to raid the field 461 00:23:49,240 --> 00:23:52,740 and walk along munching the carrots and turnips. 462 00:23:56,870 --> 00:23:59,070 I was dead scared that the war would be over 463 00:23:59,070 --> 00:24:00,370 before I got out to it. 464 00:24:00,370 --> 00:24:02,030 When I got out to France, 465 00:24:02,030 --> 00:24:04,660 I was terribly pleased, really keen. 466 00:24:07,370 --> 00:24:10,280 You just marched and marched until roughly 20 miles 467 00:24:10,280 --> 00:24:12,030 from the trenches. 468 00:24:12,030 --> 00:24:14,700 We knew we were getting close to the line because the gunfire 469 00:24:14,700 --> 00:24:16,950 was becoming more noisy. 470 00:24:16,950 --> 00:24:19,570 I remember the first shell, I was delighted. 471 00:24:22,370 --> 00:24:26,070 We went through towns, villages that were absolutely derelict. 472 00:24:26,070 --> 00:24:29,530 So we never knew where we were, except that we were in Belgium. 473 00:24:32,320 --> 00:24:35,530 The devastation was something I never could have imagined. 474 00:24:35,530 --> 00:24:38,410 The whole place gave one the most eerie sensation. 475 00:24:42,280 --> 00:24:46,070 There was stunted trees, torn to shreds with shellfire 476 00:24:46,070 --> 00:24:49,950 and there was shell holes all over the place. 477 00:24:49,950 --> 00:24:52,820 We were relieving men of the 28th division, 478 00:24:52,820 --> 00:24:56,200 and as they passed us, we would say, "What's it like up there?" 479 00:24:56,200 --> 00:24:59,620 The reply invariably came back, "Bloody awful, mate." 480 00:24:59,620 --> 00:25:03,200 The old sweats coming back got their tails up all right, 481 00:25:03,200 --> 00:25:06,990 but I didn't know what to expect, just hadn't a clue. 482 00:25:06,990 --> 00:25:10,370 It was deadly warfare, you were facing the Germans. 483 00:25:14,620 --> 00:25:16,070 Follow me. 484 00:25:18,820 --> 00:25:20,410 You got the order, "load". 485 00:25:20,410 --> 00:25:24,320 You put nine in your magazine and one up the spout 486 00:25:24,320 --> 00:25:26,070 and you put the safety catch on, 487 00:25:26,070 --> 00:25:28,780 and you always went into the line prepared to use 488 00:25:28,780 --> 00:25:30,450 your rifle immediately. 489 00:25:32,410 --> 00:25:35,070 That's when you got rigid orders, no talking whatsoever, 490 00:25:35,070 --> 00:25:36,620 keep your head down. 491 00:25:36,620 --> 00:25:38,740 Single file, no smoking. 492 00:25:38,740 --> 00:25:41,910 The captain would then direct you right to the front trenches. 493 00:25:45,530 --> 00:25:48,120 Before a man goes into the trenches, he usually carries 494 00:25:48,120 --> 00:25:52,910 a roll of barbed wire or a bag of bombs, besides his own equipment. 495 00:25:52,910 --> 00:25:55,570 That's the way to get the stuff up to the front line. 496 00:25:55,570 --> 00:25:58,370 Now, a guide would always be sent out. 497 00:25:58,370 --> 00:26:00,990 Extend this part of the trench over there. 498 00:26:00,990 --> 00:26:02,410 What, that way? That's it. 499 00:26:02,410 --> 00:26:04,320 The trenches in France were a maze. 500 00:26:04,320 --> 00:26:07,070 If you didn't have a guide, you could very soon get lost. 501 00:26:07,070 --> 00:26:09,660 Smile, so your mother thinks I'm looking after you. 502 00:26:12,320 --> 00:26:14,070 Coming up, coming up! 503 00:26:18,530 --> 00:26:20,620 The trenches weren't in one straight line. 504 00:26:20,620 --> 00:26:24,030 They were built on what they call a Travis System. 505 00:26:24,030 --> 00:26:26,990 The Travis would break up the shellfire 506 00:26:26,990 --> 00:26:30,280 and stop it spreading right along the trench. 507 00:26:30,280 --> 00:26:32,070 There was a front line of trenches 508 00:26:32,070 --> 00:26:34,410 and then there was a second line of trenches. 509 00:26:34,410 --> 00:26:38,820 The support line would be about 50 yards or more behind the front line. 510 00:26:38,820 --> 00:26:41,370 In between, there would be communication trenches 511 00:26:41,370 --> 00:26:43,910 so that they could move through if the front line 512 00:26:43,910 --> 00:26:45,620 was under jeopardy. 513 00:26:45,620 --> 00:26:48,990 First impression I got of the trenches was they were 514 00:26:48,990 --> 00:26:51,120 very much lived in. 515 00:26:51,120 --> 00:26:53,030 We had to take them as we found them. 516 00:26:53,030 --> 00:26:56,660 You would see an overcoat hanging from a wooden peg. 517 00:26:56,660 --> 00:27:00,450 You would see a mess tin with some tea in it. 518 00:27:00,450 --> 00:27:03,570 A dugout, which had a piece of blanket in it, 519 00:27:03,570 --> 00:27:05,740 a bed made of sandbags. 520 00:27:05,740 --> 00:27:08,740 Our world was divided by no-man's-land, 521 00:27:08,740 --> 00:27:10,570 a sort of Iron Curtain, 522 00:27:10,570 --> 00:27:14,490 beyond which were bogey men who would kill you if they ever saw you. 523 00:27:14,490 --> 00:27:17,660 As you look through your periscope, all you could see were hundreds 524 00:27:17,660 --> 00:27:22,660 of shell holes, your barbed wire and the German barbed wire. 525 00:27:22,660 --> 00:27:25,620 You could see dead bodies hanging on the barbed wire 526 00:27:25,620 --> 00:27:28,570 and they may have been there for a long, long time. 527 00:27:28,570 --> 00:27:31,620 It was one of the most desolate looking places in the world. 528 00:27:31,620 --> 00:27:36,070 You never saw a sign of life, and yet you knew very well that, 529 00:27:36,070 --> 00:27:40,490 within shouting range, there were hundreds and hundreds of men. 530 00:27:40,490 --> 00:27:43,240 A platoon of about 50 men would have about 100 yards 531 00:27:43,240 --> 00:27:46,780 of front line trenches as their responsibility. 532 00:27:46,780 --> 00:27:48,950 There were signs all over the trenches, 533 00:27:48,950 --> 00:27:52,450 Piccadilly Circus and Regent Street and all that sort of thing, 534 00:27:52,450 --> 00:27:54,240 telling you where water points were 535 00:27:54,240 --> 00:27:56,740 and which was the most dangerous part of the land 536 00:27:56,740 --> 00:27:59,030 with regard to snipers. 537 00:27:59,030 --> 00:28:01,700 You had to be extremely careful because a bullet could go 538 00:28:01,700 --> 00:28:04,450 through one layer of sandbags quite easily. 539 00:28:04,450 --> 00:28:07,030 I was talking to a bloke one day and, pop, 540 00:28:07,030 --> 00:28:09,410 his head was bashed in like an egg. 541 00:28:09,410 --> 00:28:12,570 He just happened to be in a place where a sniper could get an aim. 542 00:28:14,070 --> 00:28:16,780 We used to do a four-day stint in a line. 543 00:28:16,780 --> 00:28:21,200 We took with us sufficient food to last the four days. 544 00:28:22,700 --> 00:28:24,620 Go on, lads, give our love to Jerry. 545 00:28:24,620 --> 00:28:26,120 Mind yourselves out there. 546 00:28:26,120 --> 00:28:30,160 Your day would start before dawn when NCOs would go round 547 00:28:30,160 --> 00:28:33,160 this 100 yards and make sure everybody was alive. 548 00:28:33,160 --> 00:28:36,870 Of a day in the trenches, you had two hours on, four off. 549 00:28:36,870 --> 00:28:39,030 A third of the people were on sentry duty, 550 00:28:39,030 --> 00:28:41,740 a third working and a third sleeping. 551 00:28:41,740 --> 00:28:43,700 We just slept where we were. 552 00:28:43,700 --> 00:28:46,200 No beds, just flopped down on the ground. 553 00:28:46,200 --> 00:28:48,780 Been to the pictures, mate! 554 00:28:48,780 --> 00:28:51,910 The trench was very wet and, wherever possible, we would try 555 00:28:51,910 --> 00:28:53,620 and get above the water. 556 00:28:53,620 --> 00:28:56,240 We were able to dig out the side of the trench 557 00:28:56,240 --> 00:28:58,700 and that was when we used to steal our sleep 558 00:28:58,700 --> 00:29:01,240 on the two-on and four-off stretch. 559 00:29:01,240 --> 00:29:04,160 And then you'd have your couple of hours on the parapet 560 00:29:04,160 --> 00:29:06,070 and then rest again. 561 00:29:06,070 --> 00:29:09,160 If nothing untoward happened, there would be perhaps 562 00:29:09,160 --> 00:29:12,820 two or three sentry groups in the whole company's front. 563 00:29:12,820 --> 00:29:14,950 EXPLOSIONS BOOM IN DISTANCE 564 00:29:24,490 --> 00:29:26,240 It was a job to keep awake. 565 00:29:26,240 --> 00:29:29,200 Woe betide you if you were caught asleep. 566 00:29:29,200 --> 00:29:32,280 If you are so tired, you can sleep standing up, 567 00:29:32,280 --> 00:29:33,990 which I've done many times. 568 00:29:35,530 --> 00:29:40,780 The first thing you did when you got into the line was to have a brew-up. 569 00:29:40,780 --> 00:29:43,120 There was one thing about the Vickers gun, 570 00:29:43,120 --> 00:29:44,910 it being a water-cooled weapon, 571 00:29:44,910 --> 00:29:47,370 if you were continuously firing, you'd find that the water 572 00:29:47,370 --> 00:29:50,160 would be boiling. You could disconnect the tube 573 00:29:50,160 --> 00:29:51,780 and make a cup of tea. 574 00:29:51,780 --> 00:29:54,660 The water came up in two-gallon petrol cans. 575 00:29:54,660 --> 00:29:57,070 And we could taste the petrol in it because they couldn't 576 00:29:57,070 --> 00:29:58,950 wash it completely out. 577 00:30:01,950 --> 00:30:04,240 In every bay was a little fireplace. 578 00:30:04,240 --> 00:30:08,700 You used tiny slivers of wood because if you made smoke 579 00:30:08,700 --> 00:30:10,740 in the front line, over would come a shell. 580 00:30:10,740 --> 00:30:12,070 I fancy a brew. 581 00:30:12,070 --> 00:30:14,450 But save a drop of that tea to shave with. 582 00:30:14,450 --> 00:30:16,990 Because we had to shave in the front line. 583 00:30:16,990 --> 00:30:19,740 We used to put a lot of tins out on the parapet 584 00:30:19,740 --> 00:30:23,120 if it rained. You daren't touch any of the other water. 585 00:30:23,120 --> 00:30:25,910 We were scooping water out of shell holes, 586 00:30:25,910 --> 00:30:27,990 there might have been dead bodies underneath. 587 00:30:27,990 --> 00:30:30,120 We thought as long as we boiled it for a long time, 588 00:30:30,120 --> 00:30:32,240 all the green stuff would come off the top. 589 00:30:32,240 --> 00:30:34,990 Nice and gentle. Anyway, we'd made tea with it. 590 00:30:34,990 --> 00:30:37,320 That's how I got my dose of dysentery. 591 00:30:37,320 --> 00:30:39,950 Of course, there was no sanitary arrangements. 592 00:30:39,950 --> 00:30:42,160 They'd dig a trench and stick a pole across, 593 00:30:42,160 --> 00:30:45,910 and you'd get about seven or eight chaps on the pole. 594 00:30:45,910 --> 00:30:48,070 God, to have a clear-out was terrible. 595 00:30:48,070 --> 00:30:49,780 FLIES BUZZ 596 00:30:49,780 --> 00:30:52,280 People used to go to the toilet with no privacy. 597 00:30:52,280 --> 00:30:55,530 Being rather a shy nature, if I had pissed with somebody, 598 00:30:55,530 --> 00:30:57,070 I felt a bit nervous. 599 00:30:57,070 --> 00:31:00,030 But when you were in the Army, you got quite used to it. 600 00:31:00,030 --> 00:31:02,660 Of course, it didn't matter a damn because there was no women 601 00:31:02,660 --> 00:31:04,200 or anything like that. 602 00:31:04,200 --> 00:31:06,700 The flies used to crawl over your bottom. 603 00:31:06,700 --> 00:31:07,990 Most unpleasant. 604 00:31:07,990 --> 00:31:09,990 And no such thing as toilet rolls. 605 00:31:09,990 --> 00:31:12,120 You had to wipe your behind with your hand. 606 00:31:12,120 --> 00:31:14,570 Your hands might have been in all sorts of things, 607 00:31:14,570 --> 00:31:16,200 but you never washed. 608 00:31:16,200 --> 00:31:17,910 Well, you heard a terrific shout... 609 00:31:17,910 --> 00:31:19,660 MEN SHOUT AND YELL, LOUD THUD 610 00:31:19,660 --> 00:31:22,570 ..and the pole had snapped and the poor men 611 00:31:22,570 --> 00:31:24,870 who were sitting on the bar fell down in the muck! 612 00:31:24,870 --> 00:31:26,820 MEN LAUGH 613 00:31:26,820 --> 00:31:29,780 There was always the humorous side of the war. 614 00:31:29,780 --> 00:31:32,950 We had to put rifles down for them to hang onto, 615 00:31:32,950 --> 00:31:37,780 and they came out like slimy rabbits and nobody wanted to go near them. 616 00:31:40,280 --> 00:31:43,160 We had no spare clothes at all and you were living for weeks 617 00:31:43,160 --> 00:31:46,240 without washing or getting a bath. 618 00:31:46,240 --> 00:31:50,240 I personally became really badly infested and chatty, 619 00:31:50,240 --> 00:31:52,780 as we used to call it, with these lice. 620 00:31:52,780 --> 00:31:55,320 Oh, lice was a dreadful problem. 621 00:31:55,320 --> 00:31:58,910 They were funny little things, like little monster sort of things, 622 00:31:58,910 --> 00:32:01,910 with six legs, and they used to feed ten times a day. 623 00:32:01,910 --> 00:32:03,620 You had to kill the bloody things. 624 00:32:03,620 --> 00:32:05,950 My favourite way was burning them. 625 00:32:05,950 --> 00:32:08,910 You would run the seams over the lighted candle 626 00:32:08,910 --> 00:32:11,530 and you could hear the eggs going pop, pop, pop, pop. 627 00:32:11,530 --> 00:32:13,370 POPPING 628 00:32:13,370 --> 00:32:15,870 The sooner you got the shirt back again, the heat of the body 629 00:32:15,870 --> 00:32:17,780 hatched the eggs that you'd missed. 630 00:32:19,280 --> 00:32:21,780 And we was just as lousy the next day. 631 00:32:24,530 --> 00:32:27,990 Each man prepared his own breakfast. 632 00:32:27,990 --> 00:32:31,740 Bread and jam was about 16 men to a loaf of bread. 633 00:32:33,490 --> 00:32:35,780 There'd be a little bit of bacon which would suffice 634 00:32:35,780 --> 00:32:37,910 for half a dozen men. 635 00:32:37,910 --> 00:32:41,320 You'd put your rasher of bacon in your mess tin lid, 636 00:32:41,320 --> 00:32:45,910 put a few more sticks on your fire and you would fry your bacon. 637 00:32:45,910 --> 00:32:48,910 And then soak up the fat with a piece of biscuit 638 00:32:48,910 --> 00:32:51,030 and then there you are with the breakfast. 639 00:32:51,030 --> 00:32:53,700 Dinner time was mostly bully beef cut up and stewed, 640 00:32:53,700 --> 00:32:56,740 along with all sorts of vegetables from tins. 641 00:32:56,740 --> 00:33:00,070 Magonoghie's tinned stew was mixed up with the bully beef. 642 00:33:00,070 --> 00:33:03,490 I've gone into French dugouts and eaten biscuits 643 00:33:03,490 --> 00:33:06,070 which had been left by the troops two years previously, 644 00:33:06,070 --> 00:33:10,490 and tasted the green mould in them, but it didn't do me any harm. 645 00:33:10,490 --> 00:33:13,910 This was how it was. Anything's good, you know, when you're hungry. 646 00:33:13,910 --> 00:33:16,240 And you were always hungry. HE LAUGHS 647 00:33:17,660 --> 00:33:20,370 But any given moment, we could expect to be shelled. 648 00:33:20,370 --> 00:33:22,490 SHELL WHIZZES AND BANGS 649 00:33:22,490 --> 00:33:24,910 You had very little protection against that. 650 00:33:24,910 --> 00:33:28,660 One would hear a mild pop as the gun fired five miles away. 651 00:33:30,990 --> 00:33:33,740 And in the five or six seconds it took to come, 652 00:33:33,740 --> 00:33:36,910 you can pass through quite a number of psychological changes. 653 00:33:42,950 --> 00:33:45,620 I can't remember anything more nerve-racking 654 00:33:45,620 --> 00:33:49,620 than the continuous shelling, without stop, went on day and night. 655 00:33:49,620 --> 00:33:53,030 But we were always told that you never heard the shell that hit you 656 00:33:53,030 --> 00:33:55,990 because most of them travelled faster than sound. 657 00:33:55,990 --> 00:34:00,240 But you could literally feel your heart pounding against the ground. 658 00:34:00,240 --> 00:34:02,780 The emotional strain was absolutely terrific. 659 00:34:02,780 --> 00:34:05,070 Although a shell might burst 50 yards away, 660 00:34:05,070 --> 00:34:07,820 you might find a fragment of jagged iron, 661 00:34:07,820 --> 00:34:09,910 really red hot and weighing half a pound, 662 00:34:09,910 --> 00:34:12,120 arriving in your trench. 663 00:34:12,120 --> 00:34:14,780 You see people blown to little bits. 664 00:34:14,780 --> 00:34:17,070 I've actually had to put a man in a sandbag. 665 00:34:17,070 --> 00:34:19,280 Every now and again, there would be a great roar 666 00:34:19,280 --> 00:34:21,320 like an aeroplane coming in to land... 667 00:34:21,320 --> 00:34:22,660 LOUD BANG 668 00:34:22,660 --> 00:34:25,160 ..and in a fifth of a second, your resolution would break 669 00:34:25,160 --> 00:34:27,120 and you'd throw yourself down into the mud 670 00:34:27,120 --> 00:34:29,240 and the other ones would laugh at you. 671 00:34:29,240 --> 00:34:32,160 The shrapnel shell would burst in the air and spray bullets 672 00:34:32,160 --> 00:34:33,660 on the troops below. 673 00:34:35,530 --> 00:34:36,990 As if they were from a shotgun. 674 00:34:38,950 --> 00:34:42,490 The bullets came down, whistling like all the hobs of hell. 675 00:34:46,370 --> 00:34:49,240 Another one of the annoyances we had was the Germans 676 00:34:49,240 --> 00:34:50,740 were very active with mining. 677 00:34:52,870 --> 00:34:54,820 We crouched down underneath the front parapet 678 00:34:54,820 --> 00:34:56,410 to dodge the debris falling, 679 00:34:56,410 --> 00:35:00,200 and I got the men to open up rapid fire to prevent the Germans 680 00:35:00,200 --> 00:35:03,700 from getting into that crater where they could bomb us. 681 00:35:03,700 --> 00:35:06,700 If the front line gets damaged, it's got to be repaired. 682 00:35:06,700 --> 00:35:08,320 Well, the people who are in the line, 683 00:35:08,320 --> 00:35:10,070 they've got to get on with it. 684 00:35:10,070 --> 00:35:14,530 I had in my mind that we expected big gunfire to light amongst 685 00:35:14,530 --> 00:35:17,870 all us cavalry and absolutely swipe us off the face of the Earth. 686 00:35:21,700 --> 00:35:23,780 I shouted, "Gallop!" like that. 687 00:35:23,780 --> 00:35:25,990 They dropped 'em all at once, the horses. 688 00:35:27,320 --> 00:35:29,620 Oh, a heck of a mess. 689 00:35:29,620 --> 00:35:32,620 The horses were laying down, with their intestines hanging out, 690 00:35:32,620 --> 00:35:35,660 and men with matter hanging out of theirs. 691 00:35:35,660 --> 00:35:38,200 "And that, boys," they said, "the bloody Germans!" 692 00:35:38,200 --> 00:35:41,160 To lose a horse was like losing a friend. 693 00:35:41,160 --> 00:35:43,910 The Brigadier turned to our captain and he says, 694 00:35:43,910 --> 00:35:45,910 "See that the boy has two or three days' rest. 695 00:35:45,910 --> 00:35:47,490 "When a boy likes an animal like that, 696 00:35:47,490 --> 00:35:50,030 "there's not a lot wrong with him." 697 00:35:50,030 --> 00:35:52,530 Over the whole of the front line, there was a smell. 698 00:35:52,530 --> 00:35:54,910 It wasn't a complicated smell, 699 00:35:54,910 --> 00:35:57,820 it was the smell of decaying corpses. 700 00:35:57,820 --> 00:36:00,030 Nasty, sickly smell. 701 00:36:00,030 --> 00:36:01,660 You never forgot that smell. 702 00:36:01,660 --> 00:36:04,280 FLIES BUZZ 703 00:36:04,280 --> 00:36:05,910 It was the smell of death. 704 00:36:05,910 --> 00:36:10,120 If you've ever smelt a dead mouse, it was like that, but hundreds 705 00:36:10,120 --> 00:36:12,030 and hundreds of times worse. 706 00:36:13,910 --> 00:36:15,450 It seemed to cling to everything. 707 00:36:15,450 --> 00:36:19,160 When you was having your food, you could taste it. 708 00:36:19,160 --> 00:36:24,070 The awful stench and bits of human bodies laying about, 709 00:36:24,070 --> 00:36:26,820 it became an everyday thing. 710 00:36:26,820 --> 00:36:29,910 We thought, well, it'll be you too next, what does it matter? 711 00:36:32,160 --> 00:36:36,240 Wherever there was a grave or a body, there were rats. 712 00:36:36,240 --> 00:36:37,490 They were all big fat ones 713 00:36:37,490 --> 00:36:40,200 and we knew where they got the fat from. 714 00:36:40,200 --> 00:36:45,450 Unpleasant animals, because of the filtration into the graves. 715 00:36:45,620 --> 00:36:48,820 They used to feed on the dead and come in the dugouts, 716 00:36:48,820 --> 00:36:50,530 pick up scraps in there. 717 00:36:50,530 --> 00:36:52,450 I woke up in the bottom of the trench 718 00:36:52,450 --> 00:36:54,990 and felt something warm on my face. 719 00:36:54,990 --> 00:36:57,950 And a little heart going bang, bang, bang. 720 00:36:57,950 --> 00:37:00,450 The devil scratched my face with the claws of his hind feet 721 00:37:00,450 --> 00:37:01,780 as he took off. 722 00:37:01,780 --> 00:37:04,070 We used to try and shoot them, hit them, kill them, 723 00:37:04,070 --> 00:37:05,530 chase them, do anything. 724 00:37:05,530 --> 00:37:07,160 GUNSHOTS AND BANGING, RATS SQUEAK 725 00:37:07,160 --> 00:37:09,200 Then you've got gas. 726 00:37:09,200 --> 00:37:12,370 We saw this green cloud coming towards us. 727 00:37:12,370 --> 00:37:14,450 Just rolling slowly along the ground. 728 00:37:14,450 --> 00:37:16,030 They'd shout "gas"... MEN SHOUT 729 00:37:16,030 --> 00:37:18,240 ..and you had to take your mask out and stick it on 730 00:37:18,240 --> 00:37:19,740 in two, three seconds. 731 00:37:19,740 --> 00:37:24,070 Yes, it was phosgene gas, later on there was mustard gas. 732 00:37:24,070 --> 00:37:25,950 That was very effective. 733 00:37:25,950 --> 00:37:29,160 I never saw a slightly gassed man. 734 00:37:29,160 --> 00:37:32,240 If you couldn't get your gas mask, you were to pee on your handkerchief 735 00:37:32,240 --> 00:37:34,570 and stuff this round your nose and mouth. 736 00:37:34,570 --> 00:37:37,070 I don't mind admitting that I didn't think much of the 737 00:37:37,070 --> 00:37:40,070 urinating on the handkerchief, so I went into one of 738 00:37:40,070 --> 00:37:43,660 the trench's latrines and I stuck my head in a bucket. 739 00:37:43,660 --> 00:37:45,820 But I'll tell you, I couldn't hold my breath any more, 740 00:37:45,820 --> 00:37:48,910 came up, took a good breath of air, down again. 741 00:37:48,910 --> 00:37:51,030 We were very soon enveloped in this thick, 742 00:37:51,030 --> 00:37:52,780 yellow, filthy cloud. 743 00:37:52,780 --> 00:37:56,070 The more we tried to get rid of the sting in our eyes, 744 00:37:56,070 --> 00:37:57,780 the worse it got. 745 00:37:59,870 --> 00:38:02,030 And I thought deeply of what the effect of blindness 746 00:38:02,030 --> 00:38:03,740 was going to be. 747 00:38:03,740 --> 00:38:07,780 The extraction of clotted blood and the injection of saline 748 00:38:07,780 --> 00:38:09,870 could alleviate a lot of the trouble. 749 00:38:09,870 --> 00:38:12,910 And as I was gassed myself, I can speak from experience. 750 00:38:15,200 --> 00:38:17,950 In the winter time, as the weather deteriorated, 751 00:38:17,950 --> 00:38:21,070 so the trenches got more and more sodden with water 752 00:38:21,070 --> 00:38:23,450 until they just became ditches. 753 00:38:23,450 --> 00:38:26,120 The water was swirling about our feet and rising higher 754 00:38:26,120 --> 00:38:29,570 and higher until it reached our chests. 755 00:38:29,570 --> 00:38:32,530 Our difficulty was frostbite. 756 00:38:32,530 --> 00:38:36,280 Our gumboots filled with water, and in the mornings we could not 757 00:38:36,280 --> 00:38:40,030 split them off because they were frozen to our feet. 758 00:38:40,030 --> 00:38:42,200 When you're talking about trench feet, 759 00:38:42,200 --> 00:38:43,740 you're talking about gangrene. 760 00:38:43,740 --> 00:38:48,160 Send him straight down the line, hack the legs off. 761 00:38:48,160 --> 00:38:50,070 Give us a hand with that, will you? 762 00:38:50,070 --> 00:38:54,160 When the water had soaked into the earth, the floors of the trenches 763 00:38:54,160 --> 00:38:59,200 were just paved with liquid mud, and that became like glue. 764 00:38:59,200 --> 00:39:03,240 It was a curious sucking kind of mud. 765 00:39:03,240 --> 00:39:05,740 Very disgusting indeed, very tenacious. 766 00:39:05,740 --> 00:39:07,450 It stuck to you. 767 00:39:07,450 --> 00:39:11,070 If one had to go to the rear for rations, 768 00:39:11,070 --> 00:39:13,450 well, that was just a nightmare journey. 769 00:39:13,450 --> 00:39:15,280 Slithering about. 770 00:39:15,280 --> 00:39:18,570 When it was pouring with rain and on slippery duck boards, 771 00:39:18,570 --> 00:39:20,990 the language was really edifying. 772 00:39:20,990 --> 00:39:23,870 You heard words that you never dream existed. 773 00:39:23,870 --> 00:39:27,070 And if you slipped off the duck boards, you just sank into the mud 774 00:39:27,070 --> 00:39:30,240 of decomposed bodies of humans and mules, 775 00:39:30,240 --> 00:39:32,660 and that was the end of you. 776 00:39:32,660 --> 00:39:35,910 The boy, he was in the middle of this huge sea of mud, struggling, 777 00:39:35,910 --> 00:39:37,490 and we couldn't do a thing. 778 00:39:37,490 --> 00:39:39,120 There was no hope of getting to him. 779 00:39:39,120 --> 00:39:41,910 The look on the lad's face, and he was a mere boy, 780 00:39:41,910 --> 00:39:43,910 was really pathetic. COUGHING AND SPLUTTERING 781 00:39:43,910 --> 00:39:47,570 I've seen men sinking into the mud and dying in the slime. 782 00:39:47,570 --> 00:39:50,160 I think it absolutely finished me off. 783 00:39:51,740 --> 00:39:54,280 It was supposed to be quiet and then you might get 784 00:39:54,280 --> 00:39:57,160 some drunken German saying, "I'm going to give them hell today," 785 00:39:57,160 --> 00:39:58,870 and opened up with all his batteries 786 00:39:58,870 --> 00:40:00,950 and catch hundreds of people in the line-up. 787 00:40:00,950 --> 00:40:04,370 And that was what they called holding the line. 788 00:40:04,370 --> 00:40:08,240 We were in conditions that isolated us completely from civilisation. 789 00:40:08,240 --> 00:40:12,620 We got so generate, so isolated living in this mud. 790 00:40:12,620 --> 00:40:16,320 And you could sympathise with how a rabbit must feel 791 00:40:16,320 --> 00:40:19,620 because we were hunted by mankind, just the same as a rabbit. 792 00:40:19,620 --> 00:40:22,160 You knew your lives were in one another's hands 793 00:40:22,160 --> 00:40:24,660 and it united you very closely and you didn't let anything 794 00:40:24,660 --> 00:40:26,780 interfere with that. 795 00:40:26,780 --> 00:40:29,120 You knew what was going on within your vision. 796 00:40:29,120 --> 00:40:32,070 Beyond that, you hadn't got a clue. HARMONICA PLAYS 797 00:40:32,070 --> 00:40:35,820 You didn't care how the war was going, whether we were winning. 798 00:40:35,820 --> 00:40:37,780 You weren't bothered with that at all. 799 00:40:37,780 --> 00:40:40,910 You lived like tramps, you didn't polish any buttons, 800 00:40:40,910 --> 00:40:44,570 you wore any uniformed bits that you liked and nobody worried. 801 00:40:44,570 --> 00:40:47,740 All they were concerned with was that you were fit to fight. 802 00:40:47,740 --> 00:40:49,870 If nothing's happening, you chat about life, 803 00:40:49,870 --> 00:40:52,030 where he came from and you came from. 804 00:40:52,030 --> 00:40:53,410 Everything was friendly. 805 00:40:53,410 --> 00:40:55,530 There was a terrific lot of kindness in a way, 806 00:40:55,530 --> 00:40:57,070 to each person. 807 00:40:57,070 --> 00:40:59,990 When the war was not very active, it was really rather fun 808 00:40:59,990 --> 00:41:01,570 to be in the front line. 809 00:41:01,570 --> 00:41:05,120 It was not very dangerous, the sort of outdoor camping holiday 810 00:41:05,120 --> 00:41:09,950 with the boys, with a slight spice of danger to make it interesting. 811 00:41:09,950 --> 00:41:13,570 We used to raid the trenches and get a prisoner if possible. 812 00:41:13,570 --> 00:41:17,320 And a typical trench raid would be perhaps eight in passing. 813 00:41:18,870 --> 00:41:21,070 If you was going to make a raid, somebody would cut 814 00:41:21,070 --> 00:41:23,280 a passage through the wire at night-time. 815 00:41:26,030 --> 00:41:28,160 The only way to do it was silently... 816 00:41:30,490 --> 00:41:32,740 ..to rush it, and that was the arrangement. 817 00:41:32,740 --> 00:41:35,070 We would bomb and bayonet the Germans coming out 818 00:41:35,070 --> 00:41:37,660 on their hands and knees out the dugout, we'd smack them 819 00:41:37,660 --> 00:41:40,200 over the head and throw in a couple of bombs. 820 00:41:44,700 --> 00:41:47,200 And there were three ways of getting rid of him. 821 00:41:47,200 --> 00:41:50,370 One was to knife him, garrotte him or to bayonet him. 822 00:41:50,370 --> 00:41:53,530 Quietest was the quick wrap around the throat 823 00:41:53,530 --> 00:41:54,990 and knife into the back. 824 00:41:59,070 --> 00:42:01,320 I threw a revolver at poor little Rudolph, 825 00:42:01,320 --> 00:42:02,620 he was only about 18. 826 00:42:02,620 --> 00:42:04,370 I hit him in the face with it. 827 00:42:04,370 --> 00:42:06,820 He screamed and came back at me, and that's when I got him. 828 00:42:06,820 --> 00:42:09,410 Got him with a Very pistol. 829 00:42:09,410 --> 00:42:11,200 Well done, chaps! Good raid! 830 00:42:11,200 --> 00:42:13,820 I always had a full flask and I gave him a drink. 831 00:42:13,820 --> 00:42:15,780 I felt very sorry for him. 832 00:42:15,780 --> 00:42:18,910 He said, "Danke schoen, das ist gut," and died. 833 00:42:26,570 --> 00:42:29,910 And it was a very successful raid, they got two prisoners, I think, 834 00:42:29,910 --> 00:42:32,200 which was all they all wanted. 835 00:42:32,200 --> 00:42:35,030 By the way, the men who were captured on the trench raid 836 00:42:35,030 --> 00:42:40,120 were the first Germans I saw on the Western Front. 837 00:42:40,120 --> 00:42:43,280 A lot of the German troops, they were very good, very friendly. 838 00:42:43,280 --> 00:42:47,160 In fact, some of those Bavarians were dammed good, decent people. 839 00:42:47,160 --> 00:42:49,410 The snipers would fire but not hit anybody, 840 00:42:49,410 --> 00:42:50,660 know what I mean? 841 00:42:52,490 --> 00:42:54,870 They put up a sign - "Gott mit uns." 842 00:42:54,870 --> 00:42:56,620 God is with us. 843 00:42:56,620 --> 00:42:59,700 And we put a sign up in English - "We've got mittens too!" 844 00:42:59,700 --> 00:43:02,280 We don't know if the Germans enjoyed that joke or not. 845 00:43:02,280 --> 00:43:05,450 There was a wounded German, he was a Wartenberger, I think. 846 00:43:05,450 --> 00:43:07,700 We did what we could for him, we gave him a bit of food 847 00:43:07,700 --> 00:43:11,410 and that sort of thing, and he was cursing the Prussians. 848 00:43:11,410 --> 00:43:15,660 The Saxons were in front of us and they gave us the warning 849 00:43:15,660 --> 00:43:19,240 that there were going to be relieved by the Prussians. 850 00:43:19,240 --> 00:43:22,160 And they said to us, "Give them hell." 851 00:43:22,160 --> 00:43:24,450 They hated the Prussians. 852 00:43:24,450 --> 00:43:26,370 The Prussians were cruel bastards. 853 00:43:28,780 --> 00:43:30,620 Hurry up! This way. Schnell, schnell! 854 00:43:30,620 --> 00:43:32,990 Watch yourself. Come along! 855 00:43:32,990 --> 00:43:35,070 The Bavarians or the Saxonians, 856 00:43:35,070 --> 00:43:37,370 they were the more civilised of the Germans. 857 00:43:37,370 --> 00:43:39,120 Part English, if anything. 858 00:43:42,280 --> 00:43:45,280 After a four-day spell in the front line, 859 00:43:45,280 --> 00:43:49,070 we were relieved and we had to march back to the billets 860 00:43:49,070 --> 00:43:51,410 a few miles behind the lines. 861 00:43:51,410 --> 00:43:54,870 We were going for a supposed one-week's rest. 862 00:43:54,870 --> 00:43:56,910 Everybody was dead whacked. 863 00:43:56,910 --> 00:43:58,780 We were all pretty knocked up. 864 00:43:58,780 --> 00:44:01,070 We extricated ourselves from the mud 865 00:44:01,070 --> 00:44:04,120 to what was, somewhat ironically, called rest. 866 00:44:04,120 --> 00:44:07,700 In the front line itself, you didn't criticise people 867 00:44:07,700 --> 00:44:10,450 and if you had a chap who was a bit dicky, 868 00:44:10,450 --> 00:44:12,820 you would keep an eye on him, just like in a family. 869 00:44:12,820 --> 00:44:15,410 But when you got out of the line, you'd want nothing to do 870 00:44:15,410 --> 00:44:16,950 with those people at all. 871 00:44:16,950 --> 00:44:19,070 I mean, you can't call it comradeship exactly, 872 00:44:19,070 --> 00:44:20,620 it was the way you did it. 873 00:44:20,620 --> 00:44:23,370 Come and get your mail! Welcome back! 874 00:44:23,370 --> 00:44:27,160 The thing which always struck me as being absolutely stupid 875 00:44:27,160 --> 00:44:31,620 was the next morning, every man had to be spick and span, 876 00:44:31,620 --> 00:44:33,280 not a trace of mud on him. 877 00:44:35,200 --> 00:44:38,780 You'd brush off clothes or dry them off the best way you could 878 00:44:38,780 --> 00:44:40,280 and clean your boots. 879 00:44:40,280 --> 00:44:43,030 In other words, smarten yourself up. 880 00:44:43,030 --> 00:44:45,950 THEY PLAY It's A Long Way To Tipperary 881 00:44:55,820 --> 00:44:58,280 The men would always appear the same - 882 00:44:58,280 --> 00:45:02,030 cheerful and, in the circumstances, happy as they could be, 883 00:45:02,030 --> 00:45:04,030 making the best of everything. 884 00:45:04,030 --> 00:45:06,620 You know, in true British fashion. 885 00:45:07,780 --> 00:45:11,990 What? The Cockney wit was prevalent and we were all lads together, 886 00:45:11,990 --> 00:45:15,200 you know, we didn't care about it. 887 00:45:15,200 --> 00:45:19,370 We'd make a fuss about nothing, the little things that didn't matter 888 00:45:19,370 --> 00:45:22,620 really, because it was something to fill the time in. 889 00:45:22,620 --> 00:45:25,280 We used to have to make our own amusements. 890 00:45:25,280 --> 00:45:26,490 Bloody bastard! 891 00:45:26,490 --> 00:45:28,320 You laughed at the slightest things. 892 00:45:28,320 --> 00:45:31,490 I think probably it was the general tension of the atmosphere 893 00:45:31,490 --> 00:45:33,570 that used to make us like that, you know? 894 00:45:35,740 --> 00:45:39,320 My mother sent me a parcel with a plum pudding, of all things, 895 00:45:39,320 --> 00:45:41,870 and had no thought of not being able to cook it, 896 00:45:41,870 --> 00:45:43,530 so we used it as a rugby ball. 897 00:45:45,240 --> 00:45:48,200 We had this regimental sports day. 898 00:45:48,200 --> 00:45:50,740 And I won't say I was the only sober one, 899 00:45:50,740 --> 00:45:53,870 but most of them were merry about it. 900 00:45:58,410 --> 00:46:00,410 MEN LAUGH AND SHOUT 901 00:46:02,160 --> 00:46:04,700 I mean, you took part in everything because you had to fill 902 00:46:04,700 --> 00:46:07,160 your time in, you know. 903 00:46:07,160 --> 00:46:09,120 Otherwise all you did was sit about and smoke. 904 00:46:09,120 --> 00:46:11,070 CHILDREN LAUGH 905 00:46:13,280 --> 00:46:16,820 The only time we saw the artillery was when we was out of rest. 906 00:46:16,820 --> 00:46:18,570 Fire! 907 00:46:21,200 --> 00:46:23,660 They would be, say, two miles behind the line. 908 00:46:25,410 --> 00:46:27,660 Fire! 909 00:46:27,660 --> 00:46:30,530 We wanted to neutralise enemy batteries, so we were registering 910 00:46:30,530 --> 00:46:32,240 our batteries on his. Fire! 911 00:46:34,740 --> 00:46:36,660 We used to know the line and elevation 912 00:46:36,660 --> 00:46:38,530 because it was done by aircraft. 913 00:46:40,870 --> 00:46:44,030 It was pretty ghastly, but the idea was to kill as many German gunners 914 00:46:44,030 --> 00:46:45,240 as you could. 915 00:46:45,240 --> 00:46:46,450 Ready! 916 00:46:48,490 --> 00:46:50,030 Fire! 917 00:46:56,660 --> 00:46:59,740 There was no motorised transport for guns. 918 00:46:59,740 --> 00:47:02,320 The guns used to be brought up by horses. 919 00:47:02,320 --> 00:47:03,950 Eight horses to each gun team. 920 00:47:03,950 --> 00:47:05,620 Four horses to each wagon team. 921 00:47:05,620 --> 00:47:07,240 About 60 horses. 922 00:47:08,820 --> 00:47:11,780 The gunners made a filthy noise, jingling and jingling 923 00:47:11,780 --> 00:47:13,700 and the horses making noises both ends. 924 00:47:13,700 --> 00:47:15,780 And it was always of great concern for those of us 925 00:47:15,780 --> 00:47:17,490 who were going into battle. 926 00:47:17,490 --> 00:47:20,120 Heave! MEN GRUNT, HORSES BRAY 927 00:47:21,700 --> 00:47:23,200 Heave! 928 00:47:28,280 --> 00:47:30,530 Each company officer paid his own company. 929 00:47:30,530 --> 00:47:34,070 Now, it was generally the first morning after we were out 930 00:47:34,070 --> 00:47:36,870 of the line, you got five francs. 931 00:47:36,870 --> 00:47:39,660 A franc was worth 10p, so 50p was your pay 932 00:47:39,660 --> 00:47:41,990 for a fortnight, 50p. 933 00:47:41,990 --> 00:47:44,910 Now, that's a week of riotous living. 934 00:47:44,910 --> 00:47:48,370 Every town of any size at all had a brothel 935 00:47:48,370 --> 00:47:51,990 and that was where most of these boys learned a little bit 936 00:47:51,990 --> 00:47:55,410 more about life than they would ever have done in normal civil life. 937 00:47:55,410 --> 00:47:58,280 So although they were young in years, it wasn't long 938 00:47:58,280 --> 00:48:00,990 before they were quite worldly men. 939 00:48:00,990 --> 00:48:03,410 One of the lads said, "Let's go and have a look 940 00:48:03,410 --> 00:48:05,990 "in the White Star. It's like a pub." 941 00:48:05,990 --> 00:48:08,700 I'd led a very sheltered life. 942 00:48:08,700 --> 00:48:12,530 And they were beautiful girls with just a piece of lace on, 943 00:48:12,530 --> 00:48:16,820 and, oh, my word, I'd never seen anything like it before! 944 00:48:16,820 --> 00:48:20,120 There was I, a young lad, knowing nothing about this, and off we go, 945 00:48:20,120 --> 00:48:23,370 and these men were going up to see the girls. 946 00:48:23,370 --> 00:48:25,660 I was very keen. I said to one of these fellas, 947 00:48:25,660 --> 00:48:27,320 "I've only got a sixpence." 948 00:48:27,320 --> 00:48:29,990 He said, "That's no good, it's a shilling." 949 00:48:29,990 --> 00:48:32,820 That was my first experience of a brothel. 950 00:48:32,820 --> 00:48:35,910 Anyway, we looked in there for a couple of minutes, 951 00:48:35,910 --> 00:48:38,870 when four or five naked girls came running down the corridor. 952 00:48:38,870 --> 00:48:41,030 We turned tail and ran! 953 00:48:41,030 --> 00:48:43,160 It was an eye-opener to me. 954 00:48:43,160 --> 00:48:45,740 There she stood, great, big woman, 955 00:48:45,740 --> 00:48:48,240 with this little cane in her hand and she belted my backside 956 00:48:48,240 --> 00:48:49,740 as if I was a little schoolboy. 957 00:48:49,740 --> 00:48:51,990 Pelted Sergeant this and pelted Sergeant the other, 958 00:48:51,990 --> 00:48:53,740 thump, thump, thump, thump, thump! 959 00:48:53,740 --> 00:48:56,070 HE LAUGHS 960 00:48:56,070 --> 00:48:57,530 Oh, gambling? 961 00:48:57,530 --> 00:48:59,280 People were gambling all day long. 962 00:48:59,280 --> 00:49:01,910 The Canadians and the Australians used a gamble terrific 963 00:49:01,910 --> 00:49:03,280 amounts of money. 964 00:49:03,280 --> 00:49:04,950 More money than any of us seen. 965 00:49:08,370 --> 00:49:10,570 The beer was very thin indeed. 966 00:49:10,570 --> 00:49:15,160 It was one and nine stuff - one pint, nine piddles. 967 00:49:15,160 --> 00:49:18,320 Friday was always the issue day for cigarettes 968 00:49:18,320 --> 00:49:21,240 and the cigarettes were Three Witches, 969 00:49:21,240 --> 00:49:24,870 which soon became Three Bitches or Red Hue Tsars. 970 00:49:24,870 --> 00:49:29,120 I think they were made from stable returns. 971 00:49:29,120 --> 00:49:32,910 But generally, in good-sized villages, you could get Woodbines 972 00:49:32,910 --> 00:49:38,160 and Player's, and they were far preferable to the issue cigarettes. 973 00:49:39,240 --> 00:49:42,030 Of course, we were always bartering with the Frenchmen. 974 00:49:42,030 --> 00:49:43,910 We used to barter some of our under-clothing 975 00:49:43,910 --> 00:49:46,030 and get a loaf of bread with it. 976 00:49:46,030 --> 00:49:49,780 We used to swap our British cigarettes for their French wine. 977 00:49:49,780 --> 00:49:53,200 It could be just as tiring out of the line as in the line 978 00:49:53,200 --> 00:49:54,910 and it was sometimes worse. 979 00:49:54,910 --> 00:49:56,950 If you were chosen for fatigue, 980 00:49:56,950 --> 00:49:59,990 you'd have to go on the working party. 981 00:49:59,990 --> 00:50:04,200 You collected stores from a big dump three or four miles back. 982 00:50:04,200 --> 00:50:06,780 Enormous bundles of sandbags, 983 00:50:06,780 --> 00:50:10,370 many made-up duck boards and, worst of all, barbed wire. 984 00:50:11,700 --> 00:50:13,320 It was always hard work. 985 00:50:13,320 --> 00:50:16,950 You were a bonny labouring boy more than you were a fighter. 986 00:50:16,950 --> 00:50:19,910 All the chaps were very tired, but it made no difference. 987 00:50:19,910 --> 00:50:21,910 And they were mentally tired out. 988 00:50:21,910 --> 00:50:24,030 They'd just come out of a trench tour for a rest 989 00:50:24,030 --> 00:50:26,450 and this was the kind of rest they were getting. 990 00:50:27,950 --> 00:50:32,160 You would be carrying stuff up on a light railway. 991 00:50:32,160 --> 00:50:36,200 Yes, they laid a narrow gauge, light railway track. 992 00:50:36,200 --> 00:50:39,950 It was the simplest of things, just platforms on wheels, 993 00:50:39,950 --> 00:50:42,200 driven by light locomotives. 994 00:50:50,370 --> 00:50:52,490 Light railways were always a blooming nuisance 995 00:50:52,490 --> 00:50:55,450 because they were always coming off the track. 996 00:50:55,450 --> 00:50:59,320 And they lost control of this truck going down a slight incline 997 00:50:59,320 --> 00:51:01,570 and it would barge into the one in front, 998 00:51:01,570 --> 00:51:05,910 which scattered the duck boards all over the place. 999 00:51:05,910 --> 00:51:09,410 We used to take our mess tins up to the engine driver 1000 00:51:09,410 --> 00:51:12,620 and get some boiling water for our brew-up of tea. 1001 00:51:15,700 --> 00:51:17,200 And another. 1002 00:51:19,570 --> 00:51:23,990 The Germans could see the steam and smoke from the steam engine. 1003 00:51:23,990 --> 00:51:26,740 So then it was mostly petrol engines 1004 00:51:26,740 --> 00:51:29,200 which used to run up to the trenches. 1005 00:51:32,030 --> 00:51:35,030 The light railway only went as far as the communication trench, 1006 00:51:35,030 --> 00:51:37,740 and then we had to push the thing along by hand. 1007 00:51:41,780 --> 00:51:43,910 Somebody came along and said, "This is it, we're going 1008 00:51:43,910 --> 00:51:45,530 "to be home by Christmas! 1009 00:51:45,530 --> 00:51:47,280 "We'll just go down the road 1010 00:51:47,280 --> 00:51:49,620 "and look in a field there, you'll see." 1011 00:51:49,620 --> 00:51:51,950 Wouldn't tell us why. Anyway, we went down. 1012 00:51:51,950 --> 00:51:55,320 They were on the roadside covered with tarpaulin sheets. 1013 00:51:55,320 --> 00:51:59,120 You could see nothing except a square outline. 1014 00:51:59,120 --> 00:52:02,070 And then the officer said, "These are supposed to be hush-hush." 1015 00:52:02,070 --> 00:52:05,070 When we asked what it was, the simple reply was "tanks". 1016 00:52:05,070 --> 00:52:09,030 Knowing the shortage of water, we naturally assumed water tanks 1017 00:52:09,030 --> 00:52:11,240 and thought that we were getting reserve supplies. 1018 00:52:11,240 --> 00:52:13,740 It was one of the best-kept secrets. 1019 00:52:13,740 --> 00:52:16,030 We were delighted because these wonderful machines 1020 00:52:16,030 --> 00:52:17,410 were going to win the war. 1021 00:52:18,950 --> 00:52:20,990 Soon everybody would be home again. 1022 00:52:20,990 --> 00:52:23,030 Of course, it didn't happen like that. 1023 00:52:25,780 --> 00:52:30,030 We were taken out of the line and had intensive training. 1024 00:52:30,030 --> 00:52:34,320 Plunge the bayonet into the sack, shout like hell. 1025 00:52:34,320 --> 00:52:37,910 It was to get used to plunging them into somebody's body. 1026 00:52:37,910 --> 00:52:40,570 Then we fired our rifles on the rifle range. 1027 00:52:48,030 --> 00:52:50,410 Firing rifle grenades is a specialist job. 1028 00:52:52,570 --> 00:52:54,160 But they were clumsy. 1029 00:52:55,410 --> 00:52:57,160 I didn't like them much. 1030 00:52:58,820 --> 00:53:03,030 Forced marching, marching without a rest and also a frontal attack, 1031 00:53:03,030 --> 00:53:05,370 right flank attack, left flank attack, 1032 00:53:05,370 --> 00:53:07,700 both flanks attack, night attack, 1033 00:53:07,700 --> 00:53:10,160 and we wondered what the devil all this training was for. 1034 00:53:10,160 --> 00:53:13,160 BAGPIPES PLAY 1035 00:53:13,160 --> 00:53:16,370 The corps commander said that he had just received instructions 1036 00:53:16,370 --> 00:53:20,410 to go ahead with an operation to break through the German lines. 1037 00:53:22,490 --> 00:53:25,240 Suddenly we were called to parade with full marching order, 1038 00:53:25,240 --> 00:53:28,030 and we had to go back up the front, and we'd only been out of the line 1039 00:53:28,030 --> 00:53:29,530 a couple of days. 1040 00:53:29,530 --> 00:53:33,320 We could see streams of supplies, mostly ammunition columns, 1041 00:53:33,320 --> 00:53:35,700 going up toward the front. 1042 00:53:35,700 --> 00:53:38,120 We didn't have a lot of notice, but we knew it was going 1043 00:53:38,120 --> 00:53:39,490 to be a big advance. 1044 00:53:53,870 --> 00:53:55,490 So batteries pushed forward, 1045 00:53:55,490 --> 00:53:57,620 forward positions filled up with ammunition. 1046 00:53:57,620 --> 00:54:00,280 Let's get these ladders up. 1047 00:54:00,280 --> 00:54:04,280 As the great push drew nearer, the line livened up. It began to get 1048 00:54:04,280 --> 00:54:06,950 much more dangerous and not nearly so much fun. 1049 00:54:06,950 --> 00:54:09,700 And we learnt that a bayonet charge was to be made 1050 00:54:09,700 --> 00:54:12,950 on German machine gunners. 1051 00:54:12,950 --> 00:54:15,870 "I wish it to be impressed on all ranks, the importance 1052 00:54:15,870 --> 00:54:18,570 "of the operations about to commence. 1053 00:54:18,570 --> 00:54:21,320 "The Germans are now outnumbered and outgunned 1054 00:54:21,320 --> 00:54:23,660 "and will soon go to pieces if every man goes 1055 00:54:23,660 --> 00:54:25,740 "into the fight determined to get through 1056 00:54:25,740 --> 00:54:27,740 "whatever the local difficulties may be. 1057 00:54:27,740 --> 00:54:30,780 "I am confident that the brigade will distinguish itself in this, 1058 00:54:30,780 --> 00:54:32,320 "its first battle. 1059 00:54:32,320 --> 00:54:35,910 "Let every man remember that all England is watching him." 1060 00:54:35,910 --> 00:54:39,620 We marched all through the night, and it got so bad that officers 1061 00:54:39,620 --> 00:54:43,370 at the side were pushing men back into line who were straggling out, 1062 00:54:43,370 --> 00:54:46,950 and your legs just seemed to go automatically forward. 1063 00:54:46,950 --> 00:54:49,410 I had a feeling that we were walking in our sleep. 1064 00:54:49,410 --> 00:54:51,240 More men were brought into the line, 1065 00:54:51,240 --> 00:54:54,240 regiments were crowded up closer together. 1066 00:54:54,240 --> 00:54:58,320 We were filling up the trenches, packed in like sardines. 1067 00:54:58,320 --> 00:55:02,370 Our captain was a splendid man. He would never bark an order at you, 1068 00:55:02,370 --> 00:55:04,910 he would give an order in a conversational way. 1069 00:55:04,910 --> 00:55:06,990 "We don't know exactly how far this trench is, 1070 00:55:06,990 --> 00:55:09,990 "but between 200 and 300 yards. 1071 00:55:09,990 --> 00:55:13,160 "I will go over with the first wave and you will be in the second wave. 1072 00:55:13,160 --> 00:55:16,530 "And as soon as the curtain fire starts, we'll move. 1073 00:55:16,530 --> 00:55:19,070 "Now, go along and tell your men to be ready." 1074 00:55:19,070 --> 00:55:21,820 And this is the sort of order we got. 1075 00:55:21,820 --> 00:55:24,870 I had two assorted companies, both ignorant of what their conduct 1076 00:55:24,870 --> 00:55:26,700 would be when they got into action. 1077 00:55:26,700 --> 00:55:29,620 So Captain Neville thought it might be helpful if he could furnish 1078 00:55:29,620 --> 00:55:32,200 each platoon with a football and allow them to kick it forward 1079 00:55:32,200 --> 00:55:33,660 and follow it. 1080 00:55:33,660 --> 00:55:35,990 I think myself that it did help them enormously, 1081 00:55:35,990 --> 00:55:37,910 it took their minds off it. 1082 00:55:37,910 --> 00:55:41,280 We had an extra bandolier of ammunition around our necks, 1083 00:55:41,280 --> 00:55:43,820 and if you didn't have a shovel, you had a pick. 1084 00:55:43,820 --> 00:55:46,910 We got in the trenches and we waited for zero hour. 1085 00:55:46,910 --> 00:55:49,780 All the watches were synchronised. 1086 00:55:49,780 --> 00:55:52,070 I was what's called a first bayonet man, 1087 00:55:52,070 --> 00:55:54,370 which meant that I carried the rifle with the bayonet 1088 00:55:54,370 --> 00:55:55,950 in the attacking position, 1089 00:55:55,950 --> 00:55:58,200 and the rest of the men carried bags of bombs. 1090 00:56:00,740 --> 00:56:03,450 And we were warned to be ready to advance at any moment. 1091 00:56:03,450 --> 00:56:06,530 "Any moment" was quite a long time coming and, of course, that added 1092 00:56:06,530 --> 00:56:08,570 to the tension that we were feeling. 1093 00:56:10,740 --> 00:56:14,160 My platoon had been told to go out and test the fire. 1094 00:56:14,160 --> 00:56:17,070 We had to get out and walk towards the enemy. 1095 00:56:17,070 --> 00:56:21,700 We went about 200 yards and then they called us back again. 1096 00:56:21,700 --> 00:56:25,620 There was to be no preliminary bombardment the days beforehand, 1097 00:56:25,620 --> 00:56:29,530 there was only one short, sharp barrage just before the battle. 1098 00:56:31,660 --> 00:56:34,370 You've got to have the artillery preparation 1099 00:56:34,370 --> 00:56:36,070 to smash their wire down. 1100 00:56:36,070 --> 00:56:37,370 Fire! 1101 00:56:37,370 --> 00:56:41,620 I ordered fire on possible enemy assembly and forming-up positions. 1102 00:56:41,620 --> 00:56:46,030 The bombardment started and the ground shook. 1103 00:56:47,910 --> 00:56:52,370 And we could see the hundreds and hundreds of gun flashes. 1104 00:56:53,450 --> 00:56:55,120 Ready, fire! 1105 00:57:04,450 --> 00:57:08,370 As soon as the bombardment started, the German retaliation came. 1106 00:57:12,240 --> 00:57:14,530 For four hours, we had to sit there and take everything 1107 00:57:14,530 --> 00:57:16,240 they slung at us. 1108 00:57:17,660 --> 00:57:20,530 And first of all, a large number of tanks went in. 1109 00:57:20,530 --> 00:57:23,700 We could hear them rumbling and rattling. 1110 00:57:23,700 --> 00:57:26,450 320 tanks crawling along. 1111 00:57:26,450 --> 00:57:29,410 We waited for the signal to move off. 1112 00:57:29,410 --> 00:57:34,120 Already, everybody was anxious to go, but we waited and waited. 1113 00:57:36,240 --> 00:57:38,530 We got no sleep at all that night, owing to the noise 1114 00:57:38,530 --> 00:57:43,200 of our artillery barrage, which was continuous, the whole time. 1115 00:57:43,200 --> 00:57:45,780 We was asked to hand over any personal belongings 1116 00:57:45,780 --> 00:57:49,070 to our company officer, such as photographs and letters 1117 00:57:49,070 --> 00:57:51,870 that we valued. 1118 00:57:51,870 --> 00:57:55,030 I heard soft voices talking to one another quietly, 1119 00:57:55,030 --> 00:57:57,990 and I wondered - how many are going to live to see the sun rise? 1120 00:57:57,990 --> 00:58:00,870 In a man's pay book, there was provision for making a valid will 1121 00:58:00,870 --> 00:58:03,490 if they were going into action for the first time. 1122 00:58:03,490 --> 00:58:05,740 I didn't bother with it, I had nothing to leave anybody. 1123 00:58:05,740 --> 00:58:07,530 HE LAUGHS 1124 00:58:07,530 --> 00:58:10,490 The fellow next to you, he was your best friend. 1125 00:58:10,490 --> 00:58:13,030 You perhaps didn't know him the day before. 1126 00:58:13,030 --> 00:58:15,120 And then an hour to go, they were the longest 1127 00:58:15,120 --> 00:58:17,820 and the shortest hours in life. 1128 00:58:17,820 --> 00:58:20,240 We had unlimited time for thinking, 1129 00:58:20,240 --> 00:58:23,450 and I know I found myself thinking much more deeply 1130 00:58:23,450 --> 00:58:26,200 than I had ever thought before. 1131 00:58:26,200 --> 00:58:28,240 Some people might be incapable of thinking, 1132 00:58:28,240 --> 00:58:30,570 they might have regarded the situation as being such 1133 00:58:30,570 --> 00:58:32,280 that they were incapable of thought. 1134 00:58:32,280 --> 00:58:34,240 I don't think there was any feeling of fear, 1135 00:58:34,240 --> 00:58:36,570 it was just that we were doing a job 1136 00:58:36,570 --> 00:58:38,820 and if it came, it came. 1137 00:58:38,820 --> 00:58:43,450 We realised that, sooner or later, we were going to get the chop. 1138 00:58:43,450 --> 00:58:45,820 You were either going to be killed or wounded. 1139 00:58:45,820 --> 00:58:48,990 I was not in the least frightened being killed, 1140 00:58:48,990 --> 00:58:52,780 but I was terrified lest I should lose an arm or a leg. 1141 00:58:52,780 --> 00:58:55,950 Waiting for an hour for an attack is not a very pleasant thing. 1142 00:58:55,950 --> 00:59:00,200 We sort of chatted away, trying to keep the spirits up, you see. 1143 00:59:00,200 --> 00:59:03,950 We told dirty stories and made crude remarks. 1144 00:59:03,950 --> 00:59:06,820 We had 1,000 guns massed on a mile front behind us. 1145 00:59:06,820 --> 00:59:09,070 Well, you can imagine all this stuff coming over you, 1146 00:59:09,070 --> 00:59:11,200 we had the German stuff coming the other way. 1147 00:59:11,200 --> 00:59:14,950 The noise rose to a crescendo such as I'd never heard before. 1148 00:59:14,950 --> 00:59:17,120 You wouldn't hear a word. 1149 00:59:17,120 --> 00:59:21,370 The shells were passing over you probably three foot, four foot. 1150 00:59:21,370 --> 00:59:25,160 And the air, it was an inferno, and your line was another inferno. 1151 00:59:25,160 --> 00:59:27,490 Reason was completely blasted out of it. 1152 00:59:27,490 --> 00:59:30,870 The bombardment created a sort of hysterical feeling. 1153 00:59:30,870 --> 00:59:33,200 All of a sudden, one of our fellas started crying, 1154 00:59:33,200 --> 00:59:36,160 really screaming and crying. The officer in charge telling 1155 00:59:36,160 --> 00:59:39,950 the Sergeant, "Find that man and shoot him, shoot him!" 1156 00:59:39,950 --> 00:59:42,410 It's difficult to explain the reaction of a man 1157 00:59:42,410 --> 00:59:45,030 when he is in a big bombardment. 1158 00:59:45,030 --> 00:59:48,620 He thought that this man's screaming and crying would be a danger 1159 00:59:48,620 --> 00:59:50,530 to the rest of the men. 1160 00:59:50,530 --> 00:59:52,910 As soon as it was light, we were given a ration of rum, 1161 00:59:52,910 --> 00:59:55,280 any amount of it, as much as you can drink. 1162 00:59:55,280 --> 00:59:57,570 And we got the order to fix bayonets. 1163 00:59:57,570 --> 00:59:59,490 Fix bayonets! Fix bayonets! 1164 00:59:59,490 --> 01:00:01,280 Bayonets fixed! 1165 01:00:01,280 --> 01:00:05,320 It was a beautiful day, the way it dawned after a rainy night. 1166 01:00:05,320 --> 01:00:06,820 A beautiful day. 1167 01:00:06,820 --> 01:00:10,910 Five minutes to go, I remember those lads standing there, dead silent, 1168 01:00:10,910 --> 01:00:12,490 couldn't make a noise. 1169 01:00:12,490 --> 01:00:15,280 I was more frightened sitting, waiting to start. 1170 01:00:15,280 --> 01:00:18,070 I was very frightened then, very frightened indeed. 1171 01:00:18,070 --> 01:00:21,660 And an officer shouted along the line, "Is everybody ready?" 1172 01:00:21,660 --> 01:00:24,620 And I called out, "I can't get my bayonet on my rifle, sir." 1173 01:00:24,620 --> 01:00:27,030 And he said, "Damn you, mate, hurry up." 1174 01:00:27,030 --> 01:00:29,200 I sent back a message to brigade headquarters 1175 01:00:29,200 --> 01:00:30,780 to say we were all ready. 1176 01:00:30,780 --> 01:00:33,070 But unfortunately a slight mistake occurred. 1177 01:00:33,070 --> 01:00:36,120 The first thing they knew was a terrific tremor on the ground. 1178 01:00:36,120 --> 01:00:39,120 We blew a mine, which should have been under the German trenches 1179 01:00:39,120 --> 01:00:40,660 but it wasn't. 1180 01:00:44,280 --> 01:00:46,820 It was in no-man's-land, and that gave the Germans five minutes 1181 01:00:46,820 --> 01:00:48,990 to occupy the crater, which they did. 1182 01:00:51,910 --> 01:00:55,530 Sergeant Moore, he was standing behind the trench with a revolver 1183 01:00:55,530 --> 01:00:58,700 in his hand and he said, "Any boy goes back, I shoot them." 1184 01:00:58,700 --> 01:01:02,070 So that if we didn't go one way, we wouldn't go the other. 1185 01:01:02,070 --> 01:01:04,570 There wasn't a reluctance to go over the top, 1186 01:01:04,570 --> 01:01:06,120 not with people I were with. 1187 01:01:06,120 --> 01:01:07,740 Fire! 1188 01:01:09,530 --> 01:01:10,950 Fire! 1189 01:01:10,950 --> 01:01:14,070 They put a curtain of shells over you and you advanced. 1190 01:01:15,370 --> 01:01:17,280 That was the theory, I think. 1191 01:01:17,280 --> 01:01:19,160 Fire! Fire! 1192 01:01:19,160 --> 01:01:21,910 I realised this was the moment of the assault. 1193 01:01:21,910 --> 01:01:23,740 And then zero hour. 1194 01:01:23,740 --> 01:01:26,780 Somebody shouted, "There they go!" BAGPIPES PLAY 1195 01:01:26,780 --> 01:01:29,450 To the left were the London Scottish, running forward. 1196 01:01:29,450 --> 01:01:31,870 I gave the order of "up the ladders, over the top". 1197 01:01:31,870 --> 01:01:34,200 WHISTLE BLOWS 1198 01:01:35,370 --> 01:01:38,280 And after this, you lived in a world of noise, 1199 01:01:38,280 --> 01:01:40,200 simply noise for hours. 1200 01:01:43,780 --> 01:01:46,490 As soon as you get over the top, fear has left you. 1201 01:01:46,490 --> 01:01:49,450 You didn't run, there was no shouting nor cheering, 1202 01:01:49,450 --> 01:01:51,490 everybody was deadly quiet. 1203 01:01:51,490 --> 01:01:54,660 Just as I stepped into no-man's-land, somebody was shot 1204 01:01:54,660 --> 01:01:57,870 through the head and his skull was splintered. 1205 01:01:57,870 --> 01:02:00,570 It wasn't a good send-off, I can assure you. 1206 01:02:00,570 --> 01:02:05,780 The barrage proceeded into the enemy lines in steps of 100 yards 1207 01:02:06,490 --> 01:02:07,870 at a time. 1208 01:02:07,870 --> 01:02:10,410 Fire! 1209 01:02:10,410 --> 01:02:13,320 The line of British troops, fixed bayonets, walking quite steadily 1210 01:02:13,320 --> 01:02:15,160 behind the barrage. 1211 01:02:15,160 --> 01:02:16,990 It is a sight I shall never forget. 1212 01:02:16,990 --> 01:02:20,120 To start with, we'd had the odd machinegun firing, 1213 01:02:20,120 --> 01:02:23,740 but remarkably little, and it seemed almost too good to be true. 1214 01:02:23,740 --> 01:02:27,820 We then realised the Germans had been containing their fire 1215 01:02:27,820 --> 01:02:30,780 until they saw how far the attack was developing. 1216 01:02:30,780 --> 01:02:34,490 Unknown to us, there was 10 to 20 German machine guns. 1217 01:02:34,490 --> 01:02:36,870 Then all hell broke loose. 1218 01:02:36,870 --> 01:02:39,990 And, my God, he really opened up and he let us have it. 1219 01:02:39,990 --> 01:02:41,700 It just swept us. 1220 01:02:41,700 --> 01:02:43,660 MACHINE-GUNFIRE 1221 01:02:43,660 --> 01:02:45,740 MEN SHOUT 1222 01:02:47,660 --> 01:02:49,490 Keep moving, laddie! 1223 01:02:54,410 --> 01:02:57,240 MEN SCREAM AND SHOUT 1224 01:02:59,200 --> 01:03:02,530 Machinegun bullets came at us like hailstones. 1225 01:03:02,530 --> 01:03:05,620 I didn't realise that it was swish, swish with bullets. 1226 01:03:05,620 --> 01:03:08,490 I looked round and people were dropping all round you. 1227 01:03:08,490 --> 01:03:11,780 I mean, they just faded away on either side of you. 1228 01:03:11,780 --> 01:03:15,410 And I thought, what are they shooting at me for? 1229 01:03:15,410 --> 01:03:19,200 I hadn't gone more than a few yards before I was shot in the thigh. 1230 01:03:19,200 --> 01:03:21,700 There was a captain alongside me with his revolver out 1231 01:03:21,700 --> 01:03:23,490 and, all of a sudden, he dropped. 1232 01:03:23,490 --> 01:03:25,740 And then another chap, he was hit in the leg, 1233 01:03:25,740 --> 01:03:30,620 but he continued with great bounds, hopping on one leg. 1234 01:03:30,620 --> 01:03:33,780 When the bullets hit the tank, the metal flakes were whirling 1235 01:03:33,780 --> 01:03:36,120 around like razor blades inside the tank. 1236 01:03:36,120 --> 01:03:38,780 You could see men dropping, but you didn't take any notice. 1237 01:03:38,780 --> 01:03:40,990 If you didn't get hit, you just carried on. 1238 01:03:40,990 --> 01:03:43,570 I suddenly found myself with a terrible pain in my left hand 1239 01:03:43,570 --> 01:03:46,700 as if someone had caned me, and I found a big hole in it. 1240 01:03:46,700 --> 01:03:50,200 A man was running across the front of me and he was shot to the body 1241 01:03:50,200 --> 01:03:54,870 because the contents of his wallet were flung out forward of me. 1242 01:03:54,870 --> 01:03:57,280 I felt a terrific bang on my right arm 1243 01:03:57,280 --> 01:04:00,240 and the blood started running off the end of my hand. 1244 01:04:00,240 --> 01:04:02,780 I just didn't think that this German machinegun would 1245 01:04:02,780 --> 01:04:05,070 trouble to even fire at me, but the next thing I felt 1246 01:04:05,070 --> 01:04:08,910 a shock of quite a number of bullets hitting the right side of my body. 1247 01:04:08,910 --> 01:04:12,740 A hare crossed my path with eyes bulging in fear, 1248 01:04:12,740 --> 01:04:16,200 but I felt that it couldn't have been half as frightened as I was. 1249 01:04:16,200 --> 01:04:18,740 You could see your mates going down right and left, 1250 01:04:18,740 --> 01:04:21,450 and you were face-to-face with the stark realisation 1251 01:04:21,450 --> 01:04:23,070 that this was the end of it. 1252 01:04:23,070 --> 01:04:26,280 The two in front of me went down wounded in the head and chest. 1253 01:04:26,280 --> 01:04:28,990 Those bloody bullets got me in the leg and blew a great big hole 1254 01:04:28,990 --> 01:04:32,070 in the back. It didn't hurt. 1255 01:04:32,070 --> 01:04:34,370 Life was very, very hazardous indeed 1256 01:04:34,370 --> 01:04:36,620 and we proceeded in this fashion, some getting hit 1257 01:04:36,620 --> 01:04:38,120 and others carrying along. 1258 01:04:38,120 --> 01:04:40,280 You hadn't got time to deliberate upon things. 1259 01:04:40,280 --> 01:04:42,950 Machinegun bullets might be coming over, but they weren't 1260 01:04:42,950 --> 01:04:45,740 hitting you and you just go on. 1261 01:04:45,740 --> 01:04:48,910 They say your past comes up when you think you're going to die, 1262 01:04:48,910 --> 01:04:51,660 but I hadn't got very much past at 19. 1263 01:04:51,660 --> 01:04:53,990 And when I saw these bullets coming along, 1264 01:04:53,990 --> 01:04:56,490 all I thought was - am I going to live? 1265 01:04:56,490 --> 01:04:58,620 Of course, if the thing hits you fair and square 1266 01:04:58,620 --> 01:05:01,240 and you die immediately, you don't feel anything at all, 1267 01:05:01,240 --> 01:05:03,200 nothing to it. 1268 01:05:03,200 --> 01:05:05,990 First wave were all absolutely wiped out. 1269 01:05:05,990 --> 01:05:07,950 Everybody was either killed or wounded. 1270 01:05:07,950 --> 01:05:10,450 There were so many dead laying about, it was hard to avoid 1271 01:05:10,450 --> 01:05:11,950 treading on them. 1272 01:05:11,950 --> 01:05:14,620 I was trying to step over them and the sergeant behind me said, 1273 01:05:14,620 --> 01:05:16,570 "Go on, you mustn't take any notice of that, 1274 01:05:16,570 --> 01:05:18,320 "you keep going." 1275 01:05:18,320 --> 01:05:21,030 And we were literally walking over the dead bodies 1276 01:05:21,030 --> 01:05:22,490 of our comrades. 1277 01:05:22,490 --> 01:05:25,820 The carnage is just indescribable. 1278 01:05:25,820 --> 01:05:28,990 I had in my path about 2,000 dead, British and German. 1279 01:05:28,990 --> 01:05:32,700 An attempt to clear any dead man from our path was impossible 1280 01:05:32,700 --> 01:05:36,530 because of the shelling and we ploughed over the lot. 1281 01:05:36,530 --> 01:05:39,700 Any shell bursting within a few yards of the tank 1282 01:05:39,700 --> 01:05:42,120 seemed to lift it up in the air 1283 01:05:42,120 --> 01:05:45,910 and you felt a tremendous back pressure. 1284 01:05:45,910 --> 01:05:48,570 The noise of battle when you're out in the middle of it 1285 01:05:48,570 --> 01:05:52,160 is so terrific that you don't hear any individual shots even. 1286 01:05:52,160 --> 01:05:55,120 And we had to stop in front of the German wire. 1287 01:05:55,120 --> 01:05:57,950 It was quite impossible to advance any further because of the 1288 01:05:57,950 --> 01:06:00,620 barbed wire and the machinegun posts, which were about 1289 01:06:00,620 --> 01:06:02,120 50 yards further on. 1290 01:06:02,120 --> 01:06:04,370 The wire in front of us was quite uncut, 1291 01:06:04,370 --> 01:06:06,370 despite the intense bombardment. 1292 01:06:06,370 --> 01:06:08,370 You couldn't see anything but this wire, 1293 01:06:08,370 --> 01:06:10,660 it seemed to be acres and acres of it. 1294 01:06:10,660 --> 01:06:13,320 It was just black with rust. 1295 01:06:13,320 --> 01:06:15,870 I don't think a rabbit could have got through it. 1296 01:06:15,870 --> 01:06:18,990 Then our own artillery started dropping shells amongst us. 1297 01:06:22,370 --> 01:06:24,240 SCREAMING 1298 01:06:25,370 --> 01:06:27,740 Obviously they hadn't got their range or they didn't know 1299 01:06:27,740 --> 01:06:29,820 where we were. 1300 01:06:29,820 --> 01:06:33,240 I heard the first shrapnel shell burst above my head. 1301 01:06:33,240 --> 01:06:35,870 There was a terrific whiz, that was the disappearance 1302 01:06:35,870 --> 01:06:37,780 of my steel helmet. 1303 01:06:37,780 --> 01:06:39,700 I never found it again. 1304 01:06:39,700 --> 01:06:42,990 I got a bit off the cheek of my backside, a piece in my hip, 1305 01:06:42,990 --> 01:06:46,320 a piece in my leg, then a piece right through my leg. 1306 01:06:46,320 --> 01:06:48,950 The fellow to my left took the full blast of the shell 1307 01:06:48,950 --> 01:06:51,410 and had half his head blown away. 1308 01:06:51,410 --> 01:06:54,570 Bullets were catching us and shrapnel was coming down overhead 1309 01:06:54,570 --> 01:06:57,780 and we had all the German artillery banging away at us 1310 01:06:57,780 --> 01:06:59,700 and our own artillery going over. 1311 01:06:59,700 --> 01:07:01,620 The shells were exploding all round you 1312 01:07:01,620 --> 01:07:04,280 and it was a real good old battle and it got hold of you, sort of. 1313 01:07:04,280 --> 01:07:07,030 BAGPIPES PLAY 1314 01:07:07,030 --> 01:07:11,120 One had no sanity at all because the inferno was so blasting 1315 01:07:11,120 --> 01:07:13,410 that you had no time to think. 1316 01:07:13,410 --> 01:07:18,660 That din, that numbing din seemed to stop one doing the things 1317 01:07:18,660 --> 01:07:22,160 that one would normally do, no matter how well-intentioned one was. 1318 01:07:23,740 --> 01:07:25,370 You don't look, you see. 1319 01:07:25,370 --> 01:07:27,030 You don't hear, you listen. 1320 01:07:27,030 --> 01:07:29,240 You taste the top of your mouth, your nose is filled 1321 01:07:29,240 --> 01:07:31,200 with fumes and death. 1322 01:07:31,200 --> 01:07:34,530 The veneer of civilisation has dropped away. 1323 01:07:34,530 --> 01:07:37,990 I was literally blown about 12 or 14 yards and all that I could hear 1324 01:07:37,990 --> 01:07:40,740 was the cries and screams from the survivors, 1325 01:07:40,740 --> 01:07:43,410 sometimes in two, sometimes in three parts. 1326 01:07:43,410 --> 01:07:45,990 Legs, arms all strewn all over the place 1327 01:07:45,990 --> 01:07:48,740 and that arid smell of explosion. 1328 01:07:48,740 --> 01:07:53,570 Well, all my romantic ideas of war completely vanished. 1329 01:07:53,570 --> 01:07:56,740 A shell had hit this man, it knocked off his left arm, 1330 01:07:56,740 --> 01:07:58,490 knocked off his left leg, 1331 01:07:58,490 --> 01:08:00,870 his left eye was hanging on his cheek 1332 01:08:00,870 --> 01:08:03,370 and he's calling out for Nanny. 1333 01:08:03,370 --> 01:08:05,490 His bleeding eye was hanging on, pulsing. 1334 01:08:06,990 --> 01:08:08,820 So I shot him. 1335 01:08:08,820 --> 01:08:11,570 I had to, I had to shoot him. 1336 01:08:11,570 --> 01:08:15,780 He'd have died in any case and it put him out of his misery. 1337 01:08:15,780 --> 01:08:17,410 HE SOBS: It hurt me. 1338 01:08:19,820 --> 01:08:21,740 I knew there was no hope of getting any orders 1339 01:08:21,740 --> 01:08:23,870 because there was nobody to give any. 1340 01:08:23,870 --> 01:08:27,450 All officers was killed and wounded, and most of the NCOs. 1341 01:08:27,450 --> 01:08:29,240 I jumped into this big shell hole. 1342 01:08:29,240 --> 01:08:32,160 You dropped down anywhere, shell holes, anywhere at all 1343 01:08:32,160 --> 01:08:35,450 just to take cover until the barrage lifted. 1344 01:08:35,450 --> 01:08:38,490 I'm not one of those heroes who want to take the German army on my own, 1345 01:08:38,490 --> 01:08:40,990 so I went to work and I got down behind the lip 1346 01:08:40,990 --> 01:08:43,120 of a big shell hole. 1347 01:08:43,120 --> 01:08:46,160 Fortunately, I was able to drop into a shell hole. 1348 01:08:46,160 --> 01:08:48,870 Used to call them shell hole droppers, they would drop down 1349 01:08:48,870 --> 01:08:50,530 into a shell hole 1350 01:08:50,530 --> 01:08:53,530 because of the barrage and seeing a few men killed. 1351 01:08:53,530 --> 01:08:55,820 It's a pity they didn't all drop into shell holes. 1352 01:08:55,820 --> 01:08:58,120 Before the barrage lifted, they were dead. 1353 01:08:58,120 --> 01:08:59,660 SCREAMING 1354 01:08:59,660 --> 01:09:02,780 And the bullets were hitting the back of the shell hole where I was. 1355 01:09:02,780 --> 01:09:04,240 It was raining bullets. 1356 01:09:04,240 --> 01:09:05,990 I don't know how I got missed. 1357 01:09:05,990 --> 01:09:09,530 From behind the lip of this shell hole, the dirt was spraying down 1358 01:09:09,530 --> 01:09:11,280 the back of my neck. 1359 01:09:11,280 --> 01:09:13,990 There were three chaps in the shell hole and one of them said, 1360 01:09:13,990 --> 01:09:15,950 "They're firing into a bloody shell hole." 1361 01:09:15,950 --> 01:09:18,870 We looked round to see the bullets go right through his head. 1362 01:09:18,870 --> 01:09:20,370 So that was the end of that. 1363 01:09:20,370 --> 01:09:23,910 A sergeant came down into the shell hole on top of us 1364 01:09:23,910 --> 01:09:25,820 and he was dead, he got it through the neck. 1365 01:09:25,820 --> 01:09:28,660 Anyway, he had a lovely pair of field glasses round his neck 1366 01:09:28,660 --> 01:09:31,370 and I nabbed them. Because things were so scarce, 1367 01:09:31,370 --> 01:09:34,320 if there was anything like that, you'd collar it. 1368 01:09:34,320 --> 01:09:38,530 Jerry slapped shell after shell into us until one shell penetrated 1369 01:09:38,530 --> 01:09:40,450 the forward part of the tank. 1370 01:09:40,450 --> 01:09:42,820 What happened then, I cannot tell you but I believe 1371 01:09:42,820 --> 01:09:44,700 there was an explosion. 1372 01:09:44,700 --> 01:09:47,740 These were fully trained soldiers, we always had the rifles loaded, 1373 01:09:47,740 --> 01:09:50,240 but we stuck in the extra five rounds to make it 1374 01:09:50,240 --> 01:09:52,120 a ten for rapid-fire. 1375 01:09:52,120 --> 01:09:55,370 The Germans got up in their own trenches and fired at us. 1376 01:09:55,370 --> 01:09:59,240 In my opinion, they were very brave, very brave men indeed. 1377 01:09:59,240 --> 01:10:02,870 There was a German standing up on his parapet and flinging bombs. 1378 01:10:02,870 --> 01:10:04,820 So I shot him. 1379 01:10:04,820 --> 01:10:07,870 They officer gave us orders, "Open immediate rapid-fire." 1380 01:10:07,870 --> 01:10:11,780 We all opened up as fast as we could go and continually fired. 1381 01:10:11,780 --> 01:10:14,120 It was a real mad minute, I'll tell you. 1382 01:10:14,120 --> 01:10:16,410 They stood up and I was picking the Germans off 1383 01:10:16,410 --> 01:10:18,660 because I was a sniper. 1384 01:10:18,660 --> 01:10:21,530 I was trying to pick a shot and something hit me 1385 01:10:21,530 --> 01:10:24,120 between the eyes like a sledgehammer. 1386 01:10:24,120 --> 01:10:25,910 I dissolved into unconsciousness 1387 01:10:25,910 --> 01:10:28,700 with no pain, but with millions of golden stars 1388 01:10:28,700 --> 01:10:30,820 in a dark blue heaven. 1389 01:10:30,820 --> 01:10:32,950 After I'd used up a whole lot of bullets, 1390 01:10:32,950 --> 01:10:35,490 I got down, I says, "You have a go, Bill." 1391 01:10:35,490 --> 01:10:39,070 He didn't even fire a shot, he was killed immediately. 1392 01:10:39,070 --> 01:10:40,780 That's how things were. 1393 01:10:40,780 --> 01:10:43,410 You felt aggrieved, it was a pal of yours. 1394 01:10:43,410 --> 01:10:48,160 But you took it casually because I suppose you become battle hardened. 1395 01:10:48,160 --> 01:10:51,320 We kept up rapid-fire there as long as our rifles would work. 1396 01:10:51,320 --> 01:10:53,120 They got too hot to fire any more. 1397 01:10:53,120 --> 01:10:55,570 Fat was pouring out the woodwork of the rifles, 1398 01:10:55,570 --> 01:10:57,740 the muzzles were beginning to extend. 1399 01:10:57,740 --> 01:11:00,450 Then we got an order from the captain, we must make 1400 01:11:00,450 --> 01:11:04,780 a barricade of the dead, the German dead and our own dead. 1401 01:11:04,780 --> 01:11:08,160 My captain, at that time, was anxious to go on and keep it up, 1402 01:11:08,160 --> 01:11:10,570 but I'm afraid he died. 1403 01:11:10,570 --> 01:11:12,700 I had three men loading up these rifles with me 1404 01:11:12,700 --> 01:11:14,320 and I peppered the whole line. 1405 01:11:14,320 --> 01:11:18,450 And judging by the shouts and screams, I took a very good toll. 1406 01:11:18,450 --> 01:11:21,990 There was machinegun spraying on the lip of our shell hole. 1407 01:11:21,990 --> 01:11:24,240 I waited until the belt of that gun had fired 1408 01:11:24,240 --> 01:11:26,660 and immediately carried on the advance. 1409 01:11:26,660 --> 01:11:30,030 The sergeant said, "Follow me." 1410 01:11:30,030 --> 01:11:31,990 I managed to crawl under the wire - 1411 01:11:31,990 --> 01:11:34,740 a lot of us got through in that way - and gathered together 1412 01:11:34,740 --> 01:11:37,070 on the German side of the wire. 1413 01:11:37,070 --> 01:11:39,990 All the shells screamed over our heads onto the German posts 1414 01:11:39,990 --> 01:11:41,490 and then suddenly stopped. 1415 01:11:41,490 --> 01:11:43,780 "Come on, lads, give them hell," and we just got up 1416 01:11:43,780 --> 01:11:45,740 and rushed forward. 1417 01:11:45,740 --> 01:11:48,490 In the bayonet charge, the majority of us always 1418 01:11:48,490 --> 01:11:51,660 had a round up the spout, besides the magazine. 1419 01:11:51,660 --> 01:11:54,410 There was a feeling of exultation that with a rifle, bayonet 1420 01:11:54,410 --> 01:11:57,160 and a couple of Mills bombs in your pocket, we were going to be able 1421 01:11:57,160 --> 01:11:59,910 to get stuck into the bastards that had been killing our mates. 1422 01:11:59,910 --> 01:12:02,410 And we went like hell, straight into the Germans. 1423 01:12:03,490 --> 01:12:06,370 SCREAMING AND RAPID GUNFIRE 1424 01:12:10,870 --> 01:12:13,660 And we fired at anything that moved. 1425 01:12:13,660 --> 01:12:15,780 I dropped down on my knees and the sergeant fired 1426 01:12:15,780 --> 01:12:18,820 over my shoulder and hit the German. 1427 01:12:18,820 --> 01:12:20,950 He was on the ground but still firing, so he went up 1428 01:12:20,950 --> 01:12:22,200 and killed him. 1429 01:12:22,200 --> 01:12:24,660 There was only one method of bayonet fighting, that is to 1430 01:12:24,660 --> 01:12:26,950 shove your bayonet in as hard as you could. 1431 01:12:26,950 --> 01:12:29,490 There was this German on the floor of the trench, 1432 01:12:29,490 --> 01:12:31,030 and the poor bugger was dead scared. 1433 01:12:31,030 --> 01:12:33,570 So one of them wondered whether to stick him or shoot him, 1434 01:12:33,570 --> 01:12:35,910 the German jumped out away to my left, another one 1435 01:12:35,910 --> 01:12:38,570 on the right, so I pinned this German down, then shot 1436 01:12:38,570 --> 01:12:41,990 the German on the left, worked my bolt, put another one 1437 01:12:41,990 --> 01:12:44,990 up the spout, and shot the German who was running away on the right. 1438 01:12:44,990 --> 01:12:47,700 Quite a number of Germans came in a rush and we shot them, 1439 01:12:47,700 --> 01:12:49,280 one by one. 1440 01:12:49,280 --> 01:12:50,910 We probably killed the lot. 1441 01:12:50,910 --> 01:12:55,320 Some chap said, "Poor old Dick got it," and I looked around and saw him 1442 01:12:55,320 --> 01:12:57,660 lying with the top of his head off. 1443 01:12:57,660 --> 01:13:00,950 On their right flank came a German with a canister on his back, 1444 01:13:00,950 --> 01:13:03,530 squirting this liquid fire out of the hose. 1445 01:13:03,530 --> 01:13:06,490 I looked towards jets of flame coming across the trench. 1446 01:13:06,490 --> 01:13:08,200 We'd never heard of flame-throwers. 1447 01:13:08,200 --> 01:13:09,990 Burnt 23 of our chaps to death. 1448 01:13:09,990 --> 01:13:12,530 I plonked one into his chest, but it didn't stop him, 1449 01:13:12,530 --> 01:13:15,240 he must have had an armour-plated waistcoat on. 1450 01:13:15,240 --> 01:13:18,200 I got a bang in the arm and found I was bleeding. 1451 01:13:18,200 --> 01:13:20,410 But I could bomb pretty well with my left arm 1452 01:13:20,410 --> 01:13:22,410 as I could with my right. 1453 01:13:22,410 --> 01:13:24,990 Somebody threw a Mills bomb, and it burst behind him, 1454 01:13:24,990 --> 01:13:27,320 and he wasn't armour-plated behind him, he went down. 1455 01:13:27,320 --> 01:13:29,780 One German came running out of this trench, 1456 01:13:29,780 --> 01:13:32,620 screaming his head off, he nearly knocked me over. 1457 01:13:32,620 --> 01:13:35,240 Three Germans came out with their hands up, 1458 01:13:35,240 --> 01:13:37,490 and they were young chaps about our own age, 1459 01:13:37,490 --> 01:13:39,570 about 19 or 20. 1460 01:13:39,570 --> 01:13:42,820 If Jerries came up with their hands up, we just waved them on, 1461 01:13:42,820 --> 01:13:45,620 we didn't fire at them, obviously. 1462 01:13:45,620 --> 01:13:48,240 Prisoners were a nuisance! 1463 01:13:48,240 --> 01:13:50,410 We were shooing them back, you know, get rid of them. 1464 01:13:50,410 --> 01:13:54,320 The only Germans we were really fighting were the machine gunners. 1465 01:13:54,320 --> 01:13:56,570 They were firing belt after belt after us, 1466 01:13:56,570 --> 01:13:58,200 and they never stopped firing. 1467 01:13:58,200 --> 01:14:01,160 The bloody cartridge cases were piled up in a heap. 1468 01:14:01,160 --> 01:14:03,660 They'd got all their best men on machine guns, 1469 01:14:03,660 --> 01:14:05,160 and they fought to the death. 1470 01:14:05,160 --> 01:14:08,120 The cog opened, and there was three Jerries there in front 1471 01:14:08,120 --> 01:14:10,240 of the machinegun, and of course the bloody gun 1472 01:14:10,240 --> 01:14:14,570 was pointing at me, and I just swung the Lewis gun, I opened fire first. 1473 01:14:15,740 --> 01:14:17,450 It was split-second stuff. 1474 01:14:17,450 --> 01:14:19,990 Thankfully, I moved on. 1475 01:14:19,990 --> 01:14:22,820 As the war progressed, it was inevitable that we developed 1476 01:14:22,820 --> 01:14:25,700 the animal characteristic of killing. 1477 01:14:25,700 --> 01:14:27,780 Well, we've got some young Lincolnshire lads, 1478 01:14:27,780 --> 01:14:29,160 you know, the 18-year-olds. 1479 01:14:29,160 --> 01:14:31,370 The machine gunners were putting their hands up - 1480 01:14:31,370 --> 01:14:33,280 it didn't make any difference. 1481 01:14:33,280 --> 01:14:34,530 They were killed. 1482 01:14:36,280 --> 01:14:38,780 And I'm afraid there was a little bit of slaughter going on, 1483 01:14:38,780 --> 01:14:41,320 until we got in some sort of order. 1484 01:14:41,320 --> 01:14:45,320 Everybody was screaming, laying down, moaning and groaning, 1485 01:14:45,320 --> 01:14:48,570 and eventually there was silence. 1486 01:14:48,570 --> 01:14:51,070 I found a German officer with his lung hanging out. 1487 01:14:51,070 --> 01:14:53,410 He was still alive, but he wasn't conscious. 1488 01:14:53,410 --> 01:14:57,660 You could see his lung was expanding and contracting as he was breathing. 1489 01:14:57,660 --> 01:15:00,570 It was the nearest I ever came to shooting a man point-blank, 1490 01:15:00,570 --> 01:15:02,950 but we had to go on. 1491 01:15:02,950 --> 01:15:05,490 One dead German leaning against a shell wall, 1492 01:15:05,490 --> 01:15:08,450 he was a handsome bloke, he reminded me of my father. 1493 01:15:08,450 --> 01:15:13,160 A shell had dissected him nicely, it had taken the whole of the front 1494 01:15:13,160 --> 01:15:17,160 of his chest down to his stomach, neatly cut aside. 1495 01:15:17,160 --> 01:15:20,200 What a fantastic exhibition of anatomy. 1496 01:15:22,410 --> 01:15:25,370 The real shooting was over in about ten minutes. 1497 01:15:25,370 --> 01:15:29,320 There was about 100 of us coming out, instead of 600 who'd gone over, 1498 01:15:29,320 --> 01:15:31,280 and a band came to meet us. 1499 01:15:31,280 --> 01:15:33,160 It was a wonderful feeling. 1500 01:15:33,160 --> 01:15:34,660 "I've been in a battle! 1501 01:15:34,660 --> 01:15:37,990 "And I'm so very proud about it." 1502 01:15:37,990 --> 01:15:39,490 Hang on. 1503 01:15:41,740 --> 01:15:43,370 You got it? Yeah. 1504 01:15:43,370 --> 01:15:45,660 And if you'd anybody wounded or killed... 1505 01:15:45,660 --> 01:15:47,410 FLIES BUZZ 1506 01:15:47,410 --> 01:15:51,280 ..if you didn't get them out straight away, they went down 1507 01:15:51,280 --> 01:15:54,530 in the soil and disappeared, it was so bad. 1508 01:15:54,530 --> 01:15:56,030 That's it. 1509 01:15:57,620 --> 01:16:02,200 Well, you had to ascertain whether a man was alive or not. 1510 01:16:02,200 --> 01:16:07,450 If he was dead, then he was no trouble - medically. 1511 01:16:10,620 --> 01:16:12,320 Keep him level. 1512 01:16:13,570 --> 01:16:15,280 Give me some room! 1513 01:16:15,280 --> 01:16:18,280 I felt some pain, I suppose about an hour later. 1514 01:16:18,280 --> 01:16:22,200 I'd got these thigh boots on, and the bullet had gone in sideways, 1515 01:16:22,200 --> 01:16:25,780 all the way down the leg, in, out, in, out, and hit the ankle bone 1516 01:16:25,780 --> 01:16:27,280 and turned upside down. 1517 01:16:29,240 --> 01:16:31,740 Oh, God! 1518 01:16:31,740 --> 01:16:33,030 Jesus! 1519 01:16:34,780 --> 01:16:38,160 The Sergeant Major brought me a dixie of hot tea, 1520 01:16:38,160 --> 01:16:41,870 which was just what I needed, it went down beautifully. 1521 01:16:41,870 --> 01:16:44,990 And casualties started coming back, walking casualties, 1522 01:16:44,990 --> 01:16:48,530 men with their arms smashed up, legs trawling, and they got back 1523 01:16:48,530 --> 01:16:51,160 to different dressing stations the best way they could. 1524 01:16:51,160 --> 01:16:53,870 The walking wounded, they were coming down in droves. 1525 01:16:53,870 --> 01:16:56,870 Some were holding one another, and some were walking on their own, 1526 01:16:56,870 --> 01:16:59,530 a light wound in the hand or arm, but some were hobbling along, 1527 01:16:59,530 --> 01:17:01,410 and some were looking quite cheerful as 1528 01:17:01,410 --> 01:17:03,530 they'd been free of something. 1529 01:17:03,530 --> 01:17:04,780 Hello, Mum! 1530 01:17:06,280 --> 01:17:08,660 My officer had said, "Are you all right, Kane?" 1531 01:17:08,660 --> 01:17:11,120 And I said, "Oh, yes, sir, I can still walk." 1532 01:17:11,120 --> 01:17:14,530 And he said, "But you've been hit in the back of the head." 1533 01:17:14,530 --> 01:17:17,490 And he handed me quite a dose of rum. 1534 01:17:19,660 --> 01:17:24,700 The worst cases were those who were shot through the chest. 1535 01:17:24,700 --> 01:17:27,990 Well, the difficulty of breathing, you see, you only had 1536 01:17:27,990 --> 01:17:31,490 field dressings, which every man carried. 1537 01:17:31,490 --> 01:17:33,370 Yeah, we'll have a better look at it. 1538 01:17:33,370 --> 01:17:34,950 Who's waiting, boys? 1539 01:17:34,950 --> 01:17:37,570 You got a bottle of iodine and they'd tip it in the hole. 1540 01:17:37,570 --> 01:17:40,320 Oh, the pain was terrific. 1541 01:17:40,320 --> 01:17:41,820 Well done. 1542 01:17:44,620 --> 01:17:47,530 How about that for luck, chum? Shot right through it. 1543 01:17:50,740 --> 01:17:54,950 I was not in very good shape at all, and I was getting somewhere near 1544 01:17:54,950 --> 01:17:58,240 the end of my tether, I don't think I could go on much longer. 1545 01:17:58,240 --> 01:18:02,660 Every soldier, I suppose, had this breaking strain. 1546 01:18:05,950 --> 01:18:08,280 The medics will be waiting for you. 1547 01:18:08,280 --> 01:18:10,780 Well done, lads, well done. 1548 01:18:10,780 --> 01:18:12,620 That's it. 1549 01:18:12,620 --> 01:18:17,410 We had some remarkable doctors who worked day and night 1550 01:18:17,410 --> 01:18:22,200 in various stations on the British front, looking after the wounded. 1551 01:18:23,740 --> 01:18:25,200 Nice cup of Rosie Lee. 1552 01:18:25,200 --> 01:18:26,910 You all right, Jack? 1553 01:18:26,910 --> 01:18:30,740 They seemed never to need any sleep, so what they hadn't got in numbers 1554 01:18:30,740 --> 01:18:32,780 they made up in effort. 1555 01:18:32,780 --> 01:18:34,620 We need a shell dressing. 1556 01:18:36,820 --> 01:18:40,660 Both my officers, all my sergeants and three quarters of my men 1557 01:18:40,660 --> 01:18:43,030 were killed or wounded. 1558 01:18:43,030 --> 01:18:46,910 Their ranks were made up with lads of 18 from England 1559 01:18:46,910 --> 01:18:49,070 who'd been pushed out of factories. 1560 01:18:49,070 --> 01:18:50,780 Easy, that's it. 1561 01:18:51,990 --> 01:18:53,530 BIRDS SQUAWK 1562 01:18:53,530 --> 01:18:55,660 Bloody birds! Get out of it! 1563 01:18:55,660 --> 01:18:57,070 Go on! 1564 01:18:58,240 --> 01:19:02,370 My mob were helping the battalion to bury these... 1565 01:19:02,370 --> 01:19:06,280 ..only little kids, they were, 17 or 18 years of age. 1566 01:19:06,280 --> 01:19:09,200 In sure and certain hope of the resurrection to eternal life 1567 01:19:09,200 --> 01:19:10,990 through our Lord Jesus Christ. 1568 01:19:16,030 --> 01:19:18,620 A lot of those kids, it was their first action, 1569 01:19:18,620 --> 01:19:20,950 and they never knew any more. 1570 01:19:20,950 --> 01:19:23,990 So we'd wrapped them up in blankets, dug a little shallow grave 1571 01:19:23,990 --> 01:19:25,280 and put them in there. 1572 01:19:28,490 --> 01:19:31,660 I was putting a dressing on a German, and he was very shaky 1573 01:19:31,660 --> 01:19:34,410 and fearful of what we were going to do to him. 1574 01:19:34,410 --> 01:19:36,530 But they were more frightened than we were. 1575 01:19:36,530 --> 01:19:38,870 And we were frightened, I don't mind telling you! 1576 01:19:38,870 --> 01:19:41,950 Mostly, they were just boys, as we were. 1577 01:19:41,950 --> 01:19:44,950 They seemed glad to be captured, they were out of it. 1578 01:19:44,950 --> 01:19:46,280 Is this yours? 1579 01:19:46,280 --> 01:19:48,370 Mein. This is his. Ah, it's yours. 1580 01:19:48,370 --> 01:19:50,490 Put it in your pocket. 1581 01:19:50,490 --> 01:19:52,950 There was a little German fella, I gave him a cigarette, 1582 01:19:52,950 --> 01:19:56,200 and he was terrified, and I was very, very sorry for him, 1583 01:19:56,200 --> 01:19:58,570 really, you know. He was only about 16. 1584 01:19:58,570 --> 01:20:01,240 And we had a chinwag, and I just took his pocket watch, 1585 01:20:01,240 --> 01:20:02,910 you know, it was a normal thing. 1586 01:20:02,910 --> 01:20:04,530 We used to rob them, you see? 1587 01:20:04,530 --> 01:20:05,870 Right, let's go. 1588 01:20:06,990 --> 01:20:10,780 Yes, they were underfed, and they were in very poor shape. 1589 01:20:10,780 --> 01:20:12,240 Come on, come on now, lads. 1590 01:20:12,240 --> 01:20:13,620 Pick him up. Come on! 1591 01:20:13,620 --> 01:20:16,530 And funnily enough, five or six German prisoners came along, 1592 01:20:16,530 --> 01:20:19,700 and they helped carry me, and I got another six watches, 1593 01:20:19,700 --> 01:20:22,660 because I robbed these fellas who helped me down. 1594 01:20:22,660 --> 01:20:26,910 Every time we captured prisoners, a number of German prisoners 1595 01:20:26,910 --> 01:20:29,450 would immediately take up stretcher duty. 1596 01:20:29,450 --> 01:20:32,570 Now, I'm sure the Geneva Convention never required them to do that. 1597 01:20:32,570 --> 01:20:34,030 There you go, lads. 1598 01:20:34,030 --> 01:20:35,740 I've got him. Steady. 1599 01:20:37,120 --> 01:20:38,490 You're all right, chum. 1600 01:20:38,490 --> 01:20:40,120 That's it. Keep going. 1601 01:20:40,120 --> 01:20:43,160 I took about a dozen prisoners back with me, 1602 01:20:43,160 --> 01:20:45,740 they were all unarmed and I just had my old gun. 1603 01:20:45,740 --> 01:20:48,950 In some cases, there were a whole lot of Germans without even 1604 01:20:48,950 --> 01:20:51,240 a Tommy with them. 1605 01:20:51,240 --> 01:20:56,530 Oh, they were really cowed, they were, yes, very subdued. 1606 01:20:59,200 --> 01:21:04,160 I slept next to a German man who'd been wounded in the arm, 1607 01:21:04,160 --> 01:21:08,950 and to my amazement he started talking to me in English. 1608 01:21:08,950 --> 01:21:11,200 And he said he'd been a waiter at the Savoy. 1609 01:21:14,990 --> 01:21:18,820 I mean, I don't think the average British soldier ever had 1610 01:21:18,820 --> 01:21:22,070 any deep feelings regarding revenge against the German. 1611 01:21:22,070 --> 01:21:23,950 He admired him and respected him. 1612 01:21:25,030 --> 01:21:26,570 Go on, show him. 1613 01:21:26,570 --> 01:21:29,120 As the war went on, I felt as much sympathy for them 1614 01:21:29,120 --> 01:21:31,160 as I did for myself. 1615 01:21:31,160 --> 01:21:33,740 The German I always thought was a good fighter. 1616 01:21:33,740 --> 01:21:36,700 I'd sooner have him on my side than on the opposite side. 1617 01:21:36,700 --> 01:21:39,660 I think some of the Germans thought we ought to have been fighting 1618 01:21:39,660 --> 01:21:43,490 with them against the French and the Russians, but none of them 1619 01:21:43,490 --> 01:21:45,370 thought we ought to be fighting each other. 1620 01:21:45,370 --> 01:21:46,740 Keep on moving forward! 1621 01:21:46,740 --> 01:21:51,120 You see, the German had been an unknown horde 1622 01:21:51,120 --> 01:21:53,740 with their coal-scuttle helmets, and then we met them. 1623 01:21:53,740 --> 01:21:56,570 Well, the German soldier, he was a very nice fellow as a rule. 1624 01:21:56,570 --> 01:21:58,950 You know, I think he was really a barber or a shopkeeper 1625 01:21:58,950 --> 01:22:02,240 or something, and, the same as us, he was stuck in uniform. 1626 01:22:02,240 --> 01:22:05,490 You're too tall. Get you next time, Jerry! 1627 01:22:05,490 --> 01:22:08,200 We got on very well together, actually, and they used to 1628 01:22:08,200 --> 01:22:09,450 mix in with us. 1629 01:22:09,450 --> 01:22:11,370 Want your hat back? 1630 01:22:11,370 --> 01:22:13,240 Here, give it him back! 1631 01:22:13,240 --> 01:22:16,120 They were decent, sort of family people 1632 01:22:16,120 --> 01:22:19,200 and thought a great deal of their children. 1633 01:22:20,950 --> 01:22:24,320 They didn't seem to bear any malice against us. 1634 01:22:24,320 --> 01:22:26,820 They'd had to do what they were told, like us. 1635 01:22:28,530 --> 01:22:30,820 Go on, go on tracking... 1636 01:22:30,820 --> 01:22:33,700 I couldn't speak German, but some could, and the Germans, 1637 01:22:33,700 --> 01:22:35,450 some of them could speak English. 1638 01:22:35,450 --> 01:22:37,490 Anyhow, we could understand each other. 1639 01:22:37,490 --> 01:22:40,410 The general agreement when we were talking to Germans 1640 01:22:40,410 --> 01:22:44,820 was how useless war was and why did it have to happen. 1641 01:22:47,780 --> 01:22:50,160 When you're passing bodies all day long, 1642 01:22:50,160 --> 01:22:53,570 it's bound to have an effect on whoever it is, isn't it? 1643 01:22:53,570 --> 01:22:55,620 This big fat German was lying in a street... 1644 01:22:55,620 --> 01:22:56,910 FLIES BUZZ 1645 01:22:56,910 --> 01:22:59,320 ..you know, his stomach was all gassed up, 1646 01:22:59,320 --> 01:23:02,160 his intestines lying out on his belly. 1647 01:23:02,160 --> 01:23:04,990 And somebody had stuck a pipe in his mouth! 1648 01:23:04,990 --> 01:23:08,070 Yeah, we all told him to get up! HE CHUCKLES 1649 01:23:09,620 --> 01:23:13,620 German troops were very brave and very stubborn. 1650 01:23:13,620 --> 01:23:16,990 The Germans fought rearguard actions almost back to the Rhine, 1651 01:23:16,990 --> 01:23:21,030 and regiment after regiment was smashed up and cut about. 1652 01:23:21,030 --> 01:23:24,570 We had an idea that they were beginning to crack. 1653 01:23:26,700 --> 01:23:29,450 I would say that they were, if anything, rather despondent. 1654 01:23:29,450 --> 01:23:31,280 They knew they had lost the war. 1655 01:23:31,280 --> 01:23:35,200 We, as front-line soldiers, knew they were giving up. 1656 01:23:35,200 --> 01:23:39,700 Quite frankly, the Germans were fed up with the whole thing. 1657 01:23:39,700 --> 01:23:43,660 And, gradually, that is how the war itself came to an end. 1658 01:23:43,660 --> 01:23:46,820 I got the impression that most of the German soldiers 1659 01:23:46,820 --> 01:23:50,950 couldn't care less who won as long as the war finished. 1660 01:23:50,950 --> 01:23:53,370 Of course, that's what everybody was thinking about then - 1661 01:23:53,370 --> 01:23:55,320 we'd had enough. 1662 01:23:55,320 --> 01:23:58,870 And after a time, perhaps nobody cared. 1663 01:23:58,870 --> 01:24:00,780 All right, boys, here it comes. 1664 01:24:00,780 --> 01:24:02,240 We're in the pictures! 1665 01:24:03,570 --> 01:24:06,160 There was a fella in the war called Rumour, 1666 01:24:06,160 --> 01:24:09,280 he knows everything, you see, and Mr Rumour told us 1667 01:24:09,280 --> 01:24:12,620 that the Germans were also negotiating for an Armistice. 1668 01:24:12,620 --> 01:24:14,780 There was a huge poster, 1669 01:24:14,780 --> 01:24:19,620 "All hostilities will cease on the Western Front at 11 o'clock 1670 01:24:19,620 --> 01:24:22,820 "on the 11th of November 1918." 1671 01:24:22,820 --> 01:24:25,200 So we said to each other, "What day is it?" 1672 01:24:25,200 --> 01:24:29,570 And somebody discovered it was November the 11th! 1673 01:24:29,570 --> 01:24:32,990 And then we had to shine our boots, clean our buttons, 1674 01:24:32,990 --> 01:24:35,570 we knew the war was over then, and we were quite confident 1675 01:24:35,570 --> 01:24:38,030 that we would be there when it ended. 1676 01:24:38,030 --> 01:24:42,450 This proclamation was read out, stating that the hostilities 1677 01:24:42,450 --> 01:24:46,070 would cease from 11 that morning, and actually there wasn't 1678 01:24:46,070 --> 01:24:49,410 a cheer of any kind raised when that was read out. 1679 01:24:49,410 --> 01:24:53,700 At 11 o'clock, the noise of the gunfire just rolled away, 1680 01:24:53,700 --> 01:24:55,990 like a peal of thunder, in the distance. 1681 01:24:55,990 --> 01:24:59,370 SHELLFIRE AND GUNFIRE FADES OUT 1682 01:25:04,070 --> 01:25:07,200 BIRDSONG, SOLDIERS CHATTER 1683 01:25:08,280 --> 01:25:09,990 Never heard it being quiet. 1684 01:25:09,990 --> 01:25:12,950 Now it was dead silent. 1685 01:25:12,950 --> 01:25:15,870 You were so dazed that you could stand up straight and not be shot. 1686 01:25:15,870 --> 01:25:17,570 It was eerie. 1687 01:25:19,450 --> 01:25:22,070 There was a feeling of relief and gladness, 1688 01:25:22,070 --> 01:25:24,820 I suppose, but no celebration. 1689 01:25:24,820 --> 01:25:27,740 The staff officer shut his watch up and said, 1690 01:25:27,740 --> 01:25:30,530 "I wonder what we're all going to do next." 1691 01:25:30,530 --> 01:25:34,070 There was no demonstration of any kind, nobody said a word, 1692 01:25:34,070 --> 01:25:36,740 everybody just slumped away. 1693 01:25:36,740 --> 01:25:39,370 The only way we could have celebrated as regards 1694 01:25:39,370 --> 01:25:42,780 to a liquid would have been tea, that's all. 1695 01:25:42,780 --> 01:25:45,320 It was one of the flattest moments of our lives. 1696 01:25:45,320 --> 01:25:47,820 We just couldn't comprehend it. 1697 01:25:49,530 --> 01:25:51,780 We had that sort of feeling as though we'd been kicked 1698 01:25:51,780 --> 01:25:53,160 out of a job. 1699 01:25:53,160 --> 01:25:56,530 For some of us, it was practically the only life we'd known. 1700 01:25:56,530 --> 01:25:58,870 What was one going to do next? 1701 01:25:58,870 --> 01:26:01,030 It was just like being made redundant. 1702 01:26:01,030 --> 01:26:04,120 That was very much the feeling of everyone. 1703 01:26:04,120 --> 01:26:07,280 We were thoroughly upset, we'd all got no work to go to. 1704 01:26:07,280 --> 01:26:09,410 "I don't want to go back." 1705 01:26:09,410 --> 01:26:14,660 There was no cheering, no singing - we were drained of all emotion. 1706 01:26:14,660 --> 01:26:19,320 We were too far gone, too exhausted to enjoy it. 1707 01:26:19,320 --> 01:26:23,490 All things come to an end, and even a drama can go on too long. 1708 01:26:23,490 --> 01:26:26,780 It didn't end with a whimper, but something very much like one. 1709 01:26:43,120 --> 01:26:46,660 I was very happy to leave. I'd had enough, you know? 1710 01:26:46,660 --> 01:26:50,280 After a time, it begins to wear on one, you know? 1711 01:26:50,280 --> 01:26:53,200 "Thank goodness the bloody thing is over," that was all. 1712 01:26:53,200 --> 01:26:55,370 But so far as I was concerned, I was out of it, 1713 01:26:55,370 --> 01:26:57,490 and now the next step in life. 1714 01:26:57,490 --> 01:27:00,620 The first thing we did was write home, say we were all right, 1715 01:27:00,620 --> 01:27:02,990 making sure we got the date on the envelope right. 1716 01:27:02,990 --> 01:27:05,740 To someone like myself, who was interested in nature, 1717 01:27:05,740 --> 01:27:08,570 after the horrors that man had made of the battlefront, 1718 01:27:08,570 --> 01:27:12,620 I was immensely delighted to find shell holes in which I picked 1719 01:27:12,620 --> 01:27:16,700 lilies of the valley and larkspur, and I pursued Camberwell Beauties 1720 01:27:16,700 --> 01:27:20,410 and swallowtail butterflies along the banks of the Aisne river. 1721 01:27:20,410 --> 01:27:22,370 We went to Boulogne. 1722 01:27:22,370 --> 01:27:24,410 By the way, we came home with full pack, 1723 01:27:24,410 --> 01:27:27,120 the only thing we left behind was the bullets, 1724 01:27:27,120 --> 01:27:28,990 we had to discard those. 1725 01:27:28,990 --> 01:27:30,870 But we still kept our rifle. 1726 01:27:30,870 --> 01:27:35,820 We went over to Folkestone, and there were long trestle tables 1727 01:27:35,820 --> 01:27:39,370 with very kind ladies, and they gave you a sausage roll 1728 01:27:39,370 --> 01:27:44,030 or a bun and a cup of tea, and that was very welcome. 1729 01:27:44,030 --> 01:27:48,160 We entrained to Victoria, and there we broke up. 1730 01:27:48,160 --> 01:27:51,240 We went to the barracks, and we just dumped rifles, 1731 01:27:51,240 --> 01:27:53,950 bayonets and everything, and there were a lot of suits 1732 01:27:53,950 --> 01:27:56,450 on display, hats, shoes. 1733 01:27:56,450 --> 01:27:59,030 You could tell her which one you wanted, style and colour, 1734 01:27:59,030 --> 01:28:00,450 and they measured you. 1735 01:28:01,990 --> 01:28:05,240 I was horrified by what I saw when I came back here 1736 01:28:05,240 --> 01:28:07,320 and when one tried to get a job. 1737 01:28:07,320 --> 01:28:09,490 There was mass unemployment, and I thought, 1738 01:28:09,490 --> 01:28:11,240 "This isn't much of a life." 1739 01:28:11,240 --> 01:28:13,370 It was a most difficult thing to realise you're of 1740 01:28:13,370 --> 01:28:14,780 no commercial value. 1741 01:28:14,780 --> 01:28:17,240 It was a shame, the way ex-servicemen were treated. 1742 01:28:17,240 --> 01:28:18,620 You weren't wanted. 1743 01:28:18,620 --> 01:28:22,030 Some places said, "No ex-servicemen need apply," 1744 01:28:22,030 --> 01:28:24,740 and that was the sort of attitude you were up against. 1745 01:28:24,740 --> 01:28:29,160 One of my pals was killed, and when I went home, the very first thing 1746 01:28:29,160 --> 01:28:31,570 that I did was go to his mother, who, 1747 01:28:31,570 --> 01:28:33,910 if she'd had a frying pan, she'd have hit me. 1748 01:28:33,910 --> 01:28:36,280 Her son had been killed and I'd come back alive. 1749 01:28:36,280 --> 01:28:38,200 She was very bitter. 1750 01:28:38,200 --> 01:28:41,370 The first night I came home, I got into my old bed, 1751 01:28:41,370 --> 01:28:44,780 the first bed I'd laid in since I joined the Army. 1752 01:28:44,780 --> 01:28:47,120 When mother brought my cup of tea up in the morning, 1753 01:28:47,120 --> 01:28:49,200 she found me fast asleep on the floor. 1754 01:28:49,200 --> 01:28:51,160 People never talked about the war. 1755 01:28:51,160 --> 01:28:54,240 It was a thing that had no conversational value at all. 1756 01:28:54,240 --> 01:28:57,030 Most people were absolutely disinterested. 1757 01:28:57,030 --> 01:28:59,370 When I got home, my father and my mother 1758 01:28:59,370 --> 01:29:01,950 didn't seem in the least interested in what had happened, 1759 01:29:01,950 --> 01:29:03,990 they hadn't any conception of what it was like. 1760 01:29:03,990 --> 01:29:05,280 SOLDIER WHISTLES TUNE 1761 01:29:05,280 --> 01:29:07,620 And there was no reason why any one of us millions 1762 01:29:07,620 --> 01:29:09,740 should have been favoured with a thank you very much 1763 01:29:09,740 --> 01:29:13,990 for having got a little bit muddy and out of touch with good manners. 1764 01:29:13,990 --> 01:29:16,320 And on occasions when I did talk about it, 1765 01:29:16,320 --> 01:29:20,070 my father would argue points of fact that he couldn't possibly have known 1766 01:29:20,070 --> 01:29:22,070 about because he wasn't there. 1767 01:29:22,070 --> 01:29:24,950 Every soldier I've spoken to experienced the same thing. 1768 01:29:24,950 --> 01:29:27,910 We were a race apart from the civilians, 1769 01:29:27,910 --> 01:29:29,910 and you could speak to your comrades, 1770 01:29:29,910 --> 01:29:32,660 and they understood, but the civilians, 1771 01:29:32,660 --> 01:29:34,700 it was just a waste of time. 1772 01:29:34,700 --> 01:29:38,490 However nice and sympathetic they were, attempts of 1773 01:29:38,490 --> 01:29:42,910 well-meaning people to sympathise reflected the fact that they 1774 01:29:42,910 --> 01:29:45,070 didn't really understand at all. 1775 01:29:45,070 --> 01:29:48,990 I think the magnitude was just beyond their comprehension, 1776 01:29:48,990 --> 01:29:53,200 they didn't understand that people that you'd known and played football 1777 01:29:53,200 --> 01:29:55,870 with were just killed beside you. 1778 01:29:55,870 --> 01:29:59,450 My friend who enlisted with me, and he just lay there like a sack 1779 01:29:59,450 --> 01:30:04,120 of rags until he went black, before anybody troubled to bury him. 1780 01:30:04,120 --> 01:30:06,990 They knew that people came back covered with mud and lice, 1781 01:30:06,990 --> 01:30:10,240 but they'd no idea of the strain of sitting in a trench 1782 01:30:10,240 --> 01:30:13,620 and waiting for something to drop on one's head. 1783 01:30:13,620 --> 01:30:16,280 You couldn't convey the awful state of things, 1784 01:30:16,280 --> 01:30:19,780 the way you lived like animals and behaved like animals. 1785 01:30:19,780 --> 01:30:24,910 People didn't seem to realise what a terrible thing war was. 1786 01:30:24,910 --> 01:30:29,410 I think they felt that the war was one continual cavalry charge. 1787 01:30:29,410 --> 01:30:32,320 They hadn't any conception - how could they? 1788 01:30:32,320 --> 01:30:34,570 Well, it started off in a reasonable manner, 1789 01:30:34,570 --> 01:30:37,320 it was people fighting on horseback with swords, 1790 01:30:37,320 --> 01:30:39,660 but it developed into something ghastly. 1791 01:30:39,660 --> 01:30:43,030 People don't realise the potential of military equipment. 1792 01:30:43,030 --> 01:30:45,780 A man's life wasn't worth anything at the end of the war. 1793 01:30:45,780 --> 01:30:48,120 We were none of us heroes, you know - we didn't 1794 01:30:48,120 --> 01:30:51,160 like this business of being killed at all. 1795 01:30:51,160 --> 01:30:53,070 When we were talking amongst ourselves, 1796 01:30:53,070 --> 01:30:56,320 we used to say, "Christ, they won't have any more wars like this." 1797 01:30:56,320 --> 01:30:58,030 How did we endure it? 1798 01:30:58,030 --> 01:31:00,990 The answer must be partly the fear of fear, 1799 01:31:00,990 --> 01:31:03,280 the fear of being found afraid. 1800 01:31:03,280 --> 01:31:05,990 Another is belief in human beings, your colleague, 1801 01:31:05,990 --> 01:31:08,660 and there's no letting people down. 1802 01:31:08,660 --> 01:31:12,870 There may be right on both sides, but I think war is horrible. 1803 01:31:12,870 --> 01:31:15,820 Everything should be done to avoid war. 1804 01:31:15,820 --> 01:31:18,780 I still can't see the justification for it. 1805 01:31:18,780 --> 01:31:21,160 It was all really rather horrible. 1806 01:31:21,160 --> 01:31:23,780 I think history will decide, in the end, 1807 01:31:23,780 --> 01:31:25,950 that it was not worthwhile. 1808 01:31:28,450 --> 01:31:32,320 The only thing that really did annoy me was when I went back to work, 1809 01:31:32,320 --> 01:31:35,530 after I'd got demobilised, I went down the stores, 1810 01:31:35,530 --> 01:31:38,660 and the bloke behind the counter was a bloke who I knew. 1811 01:31:38,660 --> 01:31:40,780 He said, "Where have you been? 1812 01:31:40,780 --> 01:31:42,490 "On nights?" 1813 01:32:42,370 --> 01:32:46,490 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres Parlez vous 1814 01:32:46,490 --> 01:32:50,740 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres Parlez vous? 1815 01:32:50,740 --> 01:32:54,570 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres She hasn't been kissed in 40 years 1816 01:32:54,570 --> 01:32:58,870 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1817 01:32:58,870 --> 01:33:07,320 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres Parlez vous 1818 01:33:07,320 --> 01:33:11,320 # Our top kick in Armentieres broke the spell of 40 years 1819 01:33:11,320 --> 01:33:14,280 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1820 01:33:15,870 --> 01:33:23,950 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres Parlez vous 1821 01:33:23,950 --> 01:33:28,120 # You didn't have to know her long to know the reason men go wrong 1822 01:33:28,120 --> 01:33:31,030 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1823 01:33:32,740 --> 01:33:40,370 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres Parlez vous 1824 01:33:40,370 --> 01:33:42,450 # She's the hardest working girl in town 1825 01:33:42,450 --> 01:33:44,620 # She makes her living upside down 1826 01:33:44,620 --> 01:33:46,820 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1827 01:33:53,120 --> 01:33:55,030 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1828 01:33:55,030 --> 01:33:56,870 # Parlez vous 1829 01:33:56,870 --> 01:33:59,370 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1830 01:33:59,370 --> 01:34:00,990 # Parlez vous 1831 01:34:00,990 --> 01:34:02,240 # She sold her kisses 1832 01:34:02,240 --> 01:34:03,370 # For ten francs each 1833 01:34:03,370 --> 01:34:04,450 # Soft and juicy 1834 01:34:04,450 --> 01:34:05,740 # As sweet as a peach 1835 01:34:05,740 --> 01:34:08,160 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1836 01:34:09,700 --> 01:34:11,910 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1837 01:34:11,910 --> 01:34:13,530 # Parlez vous 1838 01:34:13,530 --> 01:34:15,870 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1839 01:34:15,870 --> 01:34:17,530 # Parlez vous 1840 01:34:17,530 --> 01:34:19,570 # Madame, you've got a daughter fair 1841 01:34:19,570 --> 01:34:21,530 # To wash the soldiers' underwear 1842 01:34:21,530 --> 01:34:24,490 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1843 01:34:26,450 --> 01:34:28,780 # I didn't care what came of me 1844 01:34:28,780 --> 01:34:29,870 # Parlez vous 1845 01:34:29,870 --> 01:34:32,370 # I didn't care what came of me 1846 01:34:32,370 --> 01:34:33,870 # Parlez vous 1847 01:34:33,870 --> 01:34:35,990 # I didn't care what came of me 1848 01:34:35,990 --> 01:34:38,280 # So I went and joined the infantry 1849 01:34:38,280 --> 01:34:40,950 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1850 01:35:15,570 --> 01:35:17,870 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1851 01:35:17,870 --> 01:35:19,240 # Parlez vous 1852 01:35:19,240 --> 01:35:21,740 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1853 01:35:21,740 --> 01:35:23,490 # Parlez vous 1854 01:35:23,490 --> 01:35:25,280 # Went in her bed, she sure was fun 1855 01:35:25,280 --> 01:35:26,530 # Working her arse 1856 01:35:26,530 --> 01:35:27,820 # Like a Maxim gun 1857 01:35:27,820 --> 01:35:31,120 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1858 01:35:32,160 --> 01:35:34,320 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1859 01:35:34,320 --> 01:35:35,870 # Parlez vous 1860 01:35:35,870 --> 01:35:38,370 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1861 01:35:38,370 --> 01:35:39,780 # Parlez vous 1862 01:35:39,780 --> 01:35:41,620 # I had more fun than I could tell 1863 01:35:41,620 --> 01:35:43,660 # Beneath the sheets with Mademoiselle 1864 01:35:43,660 --> 01:35:46,620 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1865 01:35:48,570 --> 01:35:56,410 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres, parlez vous 1866 01:35:56,410 --> 01:35:58,530 # She did a wink and cried, "Oui, oui! 1867 01:35:58,530 --> 01:36:00,780 # "Let's see what you can do with me" 1868 01:36:00,780 --> 01:36:03,660 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1869 01:36:04,870 --> 01:36:07,160 # They say they mechanised the war 1870 01:36:07,160 --> 01:36:08,780 # Parlez vous 1871 01:36:08,780 --> 01:36:11,200 # They say they mechanised the war 1872 01:36:11,200 --> 01:36:12,740 # Parlez vous 1873 01:36:12,740 --> 01:36:15,030 # They say they mechanised the war 1874 01:36:15,030 --> 01:36:17,200 # So what the hell are we marching for? 1875 01:36:17,200 --> 01:36:20,200 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1876 01:36:37,740 --> 01:36:40,780 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1877 01:36:40,780 --> 01:36:41,870 # Parlez vous 1878 01:36:41,870 --> 01:36:44,620 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1879 01:36:44,620 --> 01:36:46,070 # Parlez vous 1880 01:36:46,070 --> 01:36:48,160 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1881 01:36:48,160 --> 01:36:50,120 # She hasn't been kissed for 40 years 1882 01:36:50,120 --> 01:36:52,700 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1883 01:36:54,160 --> 01:36:56,910 # The officers get all the steak 1884 01:36:56,910 --> 01:36:58,030 # Parlez vous 1885 01:36:58,030 --> 01:37:01,120 # The officers get all the steak 1886 01:37:01,120 --> 01:37:02,370 # Parlez vous 1887 01:37:02,370 --> 01:37:04,490 # The officers get all the steak 1888 01:37:04,490 --> 01:37:06,410 # And all we get is a belly ache 1889 01:37:06,410 --> 01:37:09,450 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1890 01:37:10,620 --> 01:37:11,990 # You might forget 1891 01:37:11,990 --> 01:37:14,240 # The gas and shells, parlez vous 1892 01:37:14,240 --> 01:37:15,870 # You might forget 1893 01:37:15,870 --> 01:37:18,450 # The gas and shells, parlez vous 1894 01:37:18,450 --> 01:37:19,570 # You might forget 1895 01:37:19,570 --> 01:37:20,780 # The groans and yells 1896 01:37:20,780 --> 01:37:21,910 # But you never forget 1897 01:37:21,910 --> 01:37:23,280 # The mademoiselles 1898 01:37:23,280 --> 01:37:25,740 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1899 01:37:43,950 --> 01:37:46,620 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1900 01:37:46,620 --> 01:37:47,660 # Parlez vous 1901 01:37:47,660 --> 01:37:50,410 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1902 01:37:50,410 --> 01:37:51,530 # Parlez vous 1903 01:37:51,530 --> 01:37:53,370 # Many and many a married man 1904 01:37:53,370 --> 01:37:55,660 # Wants to go back to France again 1905 01:37:55,660 --> 01:37:58,820 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1906 01:38:00,160 --> 01:38:03,120 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1907 01:38:03,120 --> 01:38:04,160 # Parlez vous 1908 01:38:04,160 --> 01:38:06,950 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1909 01:38:06,950 --> 01:38:08,120 # Parlez vous 1910 01:38:08,120 --> 01:38:10,530 # Just blow your nose and dry your tears 1911 01:38:10,530 --> 01:38:12,530 # We'll all be back in a few short years 1912 01:38:12,530 --> 01:38:15,410 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1913 01:38:16,870 --> 01:38:19,410 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1914 01:38:19,410 --> 01:38:20,530 # Parlez vous 1915 01:38:20,530 --> 01:38:23,120 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1916 01:38:23,120 --> 01:38:24,280 # Parlez vous 1917 01:38:24,280 --> 01:38:26,700 # I fell in love with her at sight 1918 01:38:26,700 --> 01:38:28,740 # Wet myself for half the night 1919 01:38:28,740 --> 01:38:31,490 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1920 01:38:33,200 --> 01:38:41,030 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres, parlez vous 1921 01:38:41,030 --> 01:38:43,120 # You might forget the gas and shell 1922 01:38:43,120 --> 01:38:45,030 # You never forget the mademoiselles 1923 01:38:45,030 --> 01:38:47,990 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1924 01:38:49,450 --> 01:38:51,200 # You might forget the gas and shell 1925 01:38:51,200 --> 01:38:53,490 # But you'll never forget the mademoiselles 1926 01:38:53,490 --> 01:38:55,070 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous. # 162034

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