Original subtitles

And at

$5 a barrel, last water was $10 an hour, first of all.

But if we take away

the process.

And look at it, when we left the.

Caribbean jetliner,

a gay man

it for.

The over 72 seconds following the liftoff, the tragic explosion

when Challenger was engulfed in flames.

In Iran, the.

War is a holy crusade, promoted on television with martial music

and told us, you know, people.

Always ask. Why?

Why did she do it?

And to understand that, you really need to know who my mother was

and the life she lived.

I know her life is strange and questionable by many, but.

But I know she was here for a purpose.

For a lot of craziness, produces a lot of brilliance.

And I think there's something

kind of brilliant

about what Marion Stokes did,

whatever motivated her.

And this material.

Needed to wind up in a situation where it could be shared.

You expect expected to tighten as more and more Dole supporters

try to come out of the closet.

Taping these programs for my mother was a form of activism.

She wanted people to be able to seek the truth

and check facts.

She thought that everybody needs

to have access to knowledge, to make good decisions,

to have the real truth.

How useful is it and making life better, making my life better, and making

other people better.

Now, if it is useful, if it's a useful correlation, a way of looking at things,

if it if it enhances my freedom because I can make choices

rather than

be buffeted like a leaf in the wind, but I can make choices

if it enhances my freedom, then I don't have to see the physical cause.

Why it works.

I'm sure she came to value what was coming through the screens

more than the kind of very problematic, messy stuff that was happening,

you know, in her real life.

I was Mrs.

Stokes, the sheriff in Philadelphia.

She lived in the richest part of the city.

The square itself was surrounded by expensive apartment buildings.

It was the number one address

to have in Philadelphia.

My dad had a construction company and we did a lot of work in Berkeley,

and that's how we ran into the Stokes and they had us do

their renovations, very mysterious and very private.

Her husband, John, would come out and talk to me

and I would speak to Marion through the door.

She would open the door, maybe an inch, and talk to me.

I would say it was three or four months

before I actually met her.

We were getting close to finishing their place and they said

they would like me to start working for them, helping them do things.

Around the. Crown.

I was kind of shocked because, you know, I never,

I guess been with someone that had so much stuff.

They had enormous amount of furniture

and archives, magazines, books.

She read about 11 newspapers

a day, and I don't think she ever threw one out.

When I first got there, Ms..

Oaks didn't really talk to me.

She introduced herself.

She laid down what she wanted, what she expected of me.

But it was no conversation.

She would have the tapes going on different TVs throughout the apartment.

So every TV she couldn't get to so certain TV's.

I would change the tapes.

And Frank also had a TV's in the back that he was taping from,

so it was a project for everybody to be doing.

Now, there were some codes of conduct that were made very clear to me early on,

no talking.

It was like driving Miss Daisy in reverse.

Everything was absolutely ritualized.

We had to make sure there was no one in the vicinity.

When we went out the front doors, I wasn't allowed to touch the car.

As far as open any doors.

That was Richard's job.

You know, she was sweet, shiny black car

like film star.

Marion was extraordinarily he described the play

loyal to her own

preferences and tendencies

and beliefs.

When I met Marion in 1959, she was a librarian

and I was involved in the Socialist Party.

She seemed

she was quite fast

in political happenings.

The Socialist Party was very unsatisfied.

It was not attractive and doing things.

And we met with communists

and we were considered prized

potential recruits, particularly Marion,

as a black woman, I don't remember

either of us wanting a kid.

It seemed to just happen.

I do have a memory of demonstrations,

one which garnered quite a kind of hostile response.

There were there were some postcards sent to my mother saying,

you know, if you don't like it here, go, go to Cuba.

She was the Philadelphia chairman for the Fair Play for Cuba Committee,

an organization started by the Communist Party to raise awareness

about the Cuban Revolution.

At her core, she was motivated by a belief in human freedom.

She was extremely fearful that America

might replicate a Nazi Germany.

She felt that it was in the best interests

of the survival of our family

to keep that check, you.

What we decided to do was

to take a vacation

in Mexico

and wait there for

Cuban police.

They spent some time in Mexico trying to get in, didn't get in.

I found a journal entry from my mother from around that time where she

she was fed up with something and she said, I'm

going back to the United States and taking the baby.

So I think there was a lot of tension.

I was somewhat envious that she was being groomed

as a communist leader.

My mother was fired from her job as a librarian, and I'm pretty sure

it had to do with her being a communist.

You know, she was definitely spied on by the FBI.

And we know that she had a file.

And, you know, there are pictures of her and reports from networks of informants

in that kind of stuff.

She was justified in feeling being watched

for personality reasons.

I think my mother kind of overdid it

and continued to overdo it until the day of her death.

She had a vision of.

What my role was to be

and when that didn't meet

with her expectations, I was subject

to withering criticism

and one day I said to myself

that I've had

Michael worse for when we separate.

She was she was enormously controlling.

She made it very difficult on my father when he would come to visit.

So I saw him less and less.

Torn my heart.

Torn my heart.

Was long starved.

857 84.2 We are responding to desperate distress calls from.

An unknown man.

Mother was a huge fan of the original Star Trek series to.

Account for this as he reported, no signs of.

Life on the themes that she really liked were that the Earth

had actually sort of its problems out there was the United Federation of Planets

that there was this kind of multiracial, multinational crew

that worked very well together, that the mission of this incredibly

well-armed ship was exploration, not warfare.

You know, it was basically kind of televised socialism.

And she loved that whole thing.

The first Betamax recorder I remember was in late 75, and that was the first one.

It was used sparingly.

She didn't start recording the news immediately.

She like situation comedies.

Where are. You going?

Well, my goal was, can I go going over here and sit down.

But do what I usually do.

Look at TV.

Why would you look at TV Wednesday?

Why can.

Science documentaries.

Lizards have.

These kind of high impact events?

First, it gathers information, intelligence.

There's a second kind of thing that the CIA does, and that's to take secret

action to change what goes on in another country.

This could involve giving money to help a candidate win an election,

might involve aiding

in the overthrow of a government, which we think is a threat to us.

It could even mean arranging or trying to arrange

an assassination, as in the case of Fidel Castro.

Your newspapers, radio, television, motion pictures are under state control.

No dissent or opposition is allowed in the public media.

One of Lenin's principles was that the method and the tenor

through which you take your daily news colors your view of the world.

Material things

do influence our emotions, that we do react

in an emotional way to various symbols, colors and so on.

And some of these things are chosen.

They've decided by somebody.

Now, it seems to me that.

You have became aware of the power of television to inform or misinform people.

When she started working on a television program in the late 1960s,

it was called Input.

It was a current affairs discussion program

by the local CBS affiliate in Philadelphia.

They would assemble experts on a topic

eugenics, Native American rights,

race relations, prisoners rights

with perspectives all around the situations

and have it very publicly available

so that people would be able to form their own opinions and.

Be completely erotic.

Walking down death row,

I sang for three men destined for the chair.

Marian How do you view this?

The last nine programs, as we've sought to make this an open

community type of TV presentation?

Well, I find some people are certainly grappling with

and not quite understanding how it is that we managed to get these people

together in the first place to talk

and not understanding the concept of an open community of trust,

which is big enough and open enough to include

all the points of view expressed within a context of respect.

I've been invited to openness by those who really are saying by that

I want to open you so that you'll be able to see that I'm right and you're wrong.

And most people feel that their viewpoint is being heard,

but they find themselves unable to accept the open expression

of the other viewpoint.

The power of mass media to affect public opinion

was something that she became very conscious of,

and she was aware of how the raw story gets filtered by the predilections

of the people who are producing it.

I think there should definitely be controls of other kinds

as well, of material means of manipulating mind and emotion.

And I think

there's so many examples in daily life that people simply don't recognize.

From ABC in New York.

This is World News Tonight.

Some days when Sam Donaldson.

Good evening.

The U.S.

embassy in Tehran has been invaded and occupied by Iranian students.

The Americans inside have been taken prisoner

and according to a student spokesman, will be held as hostages

until the deposed shah has returned from the United States,

where he's receiving medical treatment for cancer.

While the Iranians burned an American flag in front of the embassy,

they said the takeover had the express blessing of the Ayatollah Khomeini.

My mother was very suspicious of the official stories

about the Iranian hostage crisis,

and she became obsessed with the media coverage.

She felt that important information was being lost

as the story evolved.

So she kept taping.

Some 60 Americans,

including our fellow citizens whom you just saw bound and blindfolded.

Are now beginning their sixth day of captivity inside the US embassy in Tehran.

Officials will continue their search for some way to negotiate

the hostages freedom.

The story changed

a lot of the the early reports indicated that there were, for example,

CIA personnel among the hostages and then suddenly there weren't.

All of them.

I think that all of them are.

But all of the hostages.

You know, obviously,

if you were running an intelligence agency,

you would be perfectly reasonable for them to suppress that information.

But my mother was very conscious of that.

Series of attempts to negotiate the release.

She was saying, well, we've got to get this.

Nobody else is going to keep this.

This to restore military balance with the Soviet Union.

And her goal.

Was trying to reveal a set of agendas on the part of governments.

Soviet troops have swept into Afghanistan, dramatically changing

the power game in the Persian Gulf as much as it would like to.

The United States can no longer encourage disintegration

of authority in Iran in order to free the hostages.

Day 59 January 1st, an angry mob of Afghan

and Iranian demonstrators stormed the Soviet embassy in Tehran.

But this time, Khomeini's Revolutionary Guards evict the protesters.

That same day, U.N.

Secretary General

Paul Time arrives in Tehran to negotiate the release of the hostages.

She was kind of watching these positions.

And you've rings public opinion being molded kind of uniformly anti-Iran.

Before calling for war, people were calling for all kinds of things.

She felt that there was a lack of sympathy for the goals of the Iranian revolution.

One analyst says Khomeini so strongly detests the U.S.

for its support of the Shah, who was his lifetime enemy, but also

because he considers Americans Satan's people and leaders of the decadent West.

Outside the United States embassy in Tehran this morning,

the crowds once again took off their daily chanting and sign waving,

especially for the television cameras.

And during that crisis,

she hit record and she never stopped.

The Iran crisis.

America held hostage.

America held hostage.

Baird First 15 minutes.

Then for a half hour.

It's actually a kind of successful show

to the point that Nightline was born

before.

Nightline was actually a very.

Transformative program in the history of American.

Television. Iranian Health Representatives.

The idea of. A news show at 1130 at night.

Aired essentially in competition with the evening

talk shows like The Tonight Show.

And then something kind of amazing happens.

It actually is watched by a lot of people.

Good evening.

Some of the rhetoric coming out of Iran

today was reminiscent of the early weeks of this crisis.

There was a long running drama

which had the capacity to change every day, unpredictably.

So it had a beautiful, dramatic structure.

It had lots of unpredictable characters.

Many sub events.

There has been this startling new development in the Iran hostage crisis.

But U.S.

attempt to launch a military rescue of the American hostages

in Tehran has been, as you have now heard, several times aborted.

Eight U.S. servicemen killed in the process.

And it had this kind of agonizing

pathos of being taken hostage.

Not only were the Americans held in the embassy in Tehran hostage,

but everybody else was a hostage to captivity.

The TV was part of what was taking this hostage.

We have a report from Barbara excuse me.

And I am just told that the Associated Press reports

that the hostages are leaving the airport.

Now, we can't go

any further than that on that report, but it comes to us from Associated Press.

I don't know whether it's file.

It must be filed from Tehran.

And they say that the hostages are leaving the airport.

Imagine that we are within a half an hour of the transition of power.

I'd like to hear from Ted Koppel before the president elect comes out.

Ted, can you come in and give us any late information on the hostages?

Yes, I can.

UPI has just gone with a flash, which is in effect, the highest,

the most important notification of news that they can give.

The last time they did it was with the Kennedy assassination.

It's two words.

It says Hostages freed. They're free.

They're free. Mr.

President, they're free. Mr. President.

We've had press reports that they're free.

We've had press reports.

What do you have to say about that?

What do you have to say?

What they say, I think one of the most

dramatic freedom pictures that we've all ever seen.

Those are the 52 American hostages now officially designated

the returning is out of the way.

The Iranian hostage crisis happened in 1979

and CNN launched in 1980.

So my mother started taping really at the birth of the 24 hour news cycle.

The news 24 hours every day.

Then she she really surely went into high gear.

I recall there were times when there were there were eight recorders going at once.

Those were special occasions.

Normally, there were 3 to 5 tapes recording.

People would say things like, well, of course, the station is

going to keep everything.

And of course, we

know now that the stations don't keep everything.

She understood that this was changing,

the speed of news was increasing, and that you find news in places

that you wouldn't have found it in order to fill that space

with new capabilities

for recording and for tracking that process.

She was watching public opinion being molded

in this new medium.

I mean,

I don't think it was joyful to her this taping.

And if the tape wasn't going, she was not happy.

She couldn't leave the apartment without having a tape in.

And if we came in and the tape stopped, she was upset, too, because she didn't

get it all.

The tape is indeed what happened, you know.

So it was a disaster for the day.

We had to go back to the back in between things to change the tapes.

She always knew exactly when one of the tape machines would stop.

That tape to take.

Control.

There's a system with your TV

where you can record stuff, but she didn't want that.

What she wants.

She was concerned someone else would know what she was taping.

And she said, I can tape what I want.

And people don't really know what I'm actually taping.

The pre-dawn retrieval of Elian Gonzalez came as many had begun

thinking that a voluntary handover was in the offing.

A moment by moment account on how things changed from NBC's Pete Williams.

She would often ask the people,

Rittenhouse camera, to send the tapes and black

trash bags.

I guess she felt insecure in a way

that people were talking about her behind her back or something.

You know, she would always tell me, Frank, I don't look like you and you don't

understand what I've been through and how people judge her.

When she moved into the Berkeley.

She said she had gotten comments from different residents saying

she didn't belong there.

She was secretive about the process of recording.

Partly because she was secretive about everything, but partly

because people kind of viewed it as nutty.

Lucy Coleman and Wish are identical twins and they're celebrating Wednesday.

They'll be 100 years old.

The odds of twins living a century are said to be one in 700 million.

This is the greatest thing this town has ever had.

And it's nine. Ronald Reagan.

But you're very welcome.

That's from the president.

And he told her husband ten years ago that she wanted to be buried in her

beloved Cadillac.

So after the 62 year old woman died of cancer on Thursday, she got her wish

after the car was lowered into the vault by the crane.

The woman's casket was placed on top of the car.

And they are still trying to reach little Jessica McClure.

She's 18 months old.

She's been trapped in a narrow pipe

20 feet below ground in Midland, Texas, for nearly 24 hours now.

The child fell while playing with other toddlers yesterday morning.

Rescuers are now trying to tunnel through rock to reach Jessica.

Buford, South Carolina, is a tranquil sort of place.

How can you be when you love God?

Placid and tranquil until the preacher's hit the streets?

If you are found without the blood.

Of Jesus Christ, you will be kept alive.

If you are alive, go from here.

She did remark periodically on. How.

Small events from small town America, but occasionally

make it onto CNN, which would never have made the national news.

She was

concerned with how that 24 hour news cycle was being filled.

And what effect that would have.

They send us their cars, their VCR, and just about everything else.

Their success makes them money, not necessarily friends.

The Japanese have a big public relations problem in America

and big problems require big solutions.

Some big.

How's this for big?

Japan's newest export, sumo wrestlers.

The Japanese have just in America several tons of Sumo's

a goodwill tour to improve Japan's image in this country

and just possibly to take our minds off the trade deficit.

Since the first of the year, a new law allows German citizens free access

to secret files kept on them by the former East German secret police.

For decades, the police, known as Stasi, spied on thousands of Germans.

The East German secret police had an extraordinarily efficient spy

apparatus collecting information on an estimated 6 million people.

The law not only gives victims access to their files,

but lets them see the names of those who fight against them.

Truthfulness will not cushion the pain as East Germans discover

just who spied on who, including friends, neighbors and even family.

She was obsessed with the mediation of media.

You know how media reflects a society back to itself?

Television exploitation of tearful widows.

Cases of blatant sensationalism in the manipulation of the press by politicians.

And although accusing the press of looking bad may seem to be fashionable,

Charles Law says it doesn't square with the facts.

The polling data that I have seen and the people I've talked

to around the country show that those of us who are in it

are far more worried about its credibility than those who see it or read it.

The public is fairly content with the journalism it's getting in America today.

I was thinking, what's the purpose of continually taping?

But I didn't ask her about it.

I think it was for the

betterment of mankind.

They are coming essentially out of the same background

and have pretty much the same biases and stereotypes and approaches

to life that you have.

You talk among yourselves in a technical language,

which is to exclude the rest of us from being able

to evaluate in terms of reality, our lives.

You need to

you need to deal with people who are living a different reality than yours.

And it seemed like she was always interested in

getting different people together and having them live together peaceably.

Object John Imagining we're working on this input TV series together.

And I guess they just bonded.

To have a confrontation, let's say Jewish, Christian or black, white

or youth adult.

Whichever the cause is, they to come together as communities

prepared to share honestly what they don't normally hear.

So that this concept of really opening yourself

as what I attempting to help develop her.

My father and Marian were producers on the shows.

I completely believe they

were really fighting for justice and and freedom

and that they each in their own way were really committed to that.

Any conceptual prejudice or any misinformation

which may exist can be gotten out on the table.

And when it's examined in this spirit of affirmation,

even an affirmation is only coming, let's say one way.

The belief is that somehow this can be deflated and looked at

so that the goodness begins to bubble through.

That was kind of intrigued by him.

The Little East, you know, I was this guy from the street corner,

and this is this rich guy in Chestnut Hill.

I knew they didn't work because he was always around in the daytime.

So I said, This guy is too rich to work.

John wanted something organized.

It was a real sixties type of thing, and we would hang out together.

He would pick a topic and then we would discuss it is

Quest was always, how are we going to change the structure

to this phoniness, this this role playing, this not getting through each other's,

creating images for each other and all this type of thing has got to go.

I was the rabble rouser.

I realized he was trying to do the same things I was trying to do.

Marion had that same goal.

I respect a person who will deal

with, with, with my ideas or with the situation.

The reality of the situation.

Not not my credentials that I use of feminine wiles

or that I say it the right way.

You see, that's what's wrong with black folks.

We don't say it the right way.

If we just did, everything would be all right.

And if women would just, you know, say it politely and make them think

it's their idea and so on, then there wouldn't be all this trouble.

And why are we now rocking the boat?

I think I think we can't deal with it.

I don't accept that totally in that.

They were talking about process and my mother said, if I'm in charge,

everybody can be equal,

which is the kind of

thing that you might expect from someone transitioning out of the Communist Party.

You talked about about faith in the democratic process.

You know, when people are killed on the courthouse steps,

you know, for going up to register to vote.

Now, how can you expect black people to have faith in the democratic process?

If you want us to have faith in the democratic process, make it work.

And you. Want to make it. Work.

I'm with you all over the whole yeah.

I make it work.

But when you. Do, you make it work.

You judge. Me out of your. Instinct.

I should keep you out.

Now you have kept me out of your institutions.

Your institutions.

We are opening the door and.

Saying, Come, let's sit down and talk.

Make the other Johnson want to say, I don't want to come in and reason together.

You don't want me in there.

See, all the talking is you.

Marion was a very intelligent, very sharp, very determined person

to get her points across.

And I think John was attracted to that.

I think a lot of it

had to do with them having very similar ideals.

And my mother really wasn't into social issues.

She was an artist.

She cared about how things looked,

and she was not a deeply spiritual person at all.

Unfortunately, I think my mother felt very accused by him,

and I think that really distressed my mom a lot.

I'm trying to make a positive input in society

instead of hanging on to some set of norms that are prevailing.

What what is the key

to building a type of way of communicating and working together?

So I think he knew he thought very differently

about things and wasn't interested in

his social class.

Particularly,

he had strong philosophical convictions.

The awakening of individuals as to who they are,

what their identity is, how they define themselves,

whether as a member of a white group or black

Jewish question, everyone is saying, I'm trying to find out who I am.

On in.

The working relationship and eventually the romance between

these people from different backgrounds really puzzled people.

My impression is that the two of them never really felt understood

by other people until they really met each other.

I knew that he had a family.

I remember, you know, seeing him at our house.

I think I understood something's going on.

You know, as a ten, 11 year old, I kind of wasn't

welcome.

I'd been through college and was living back at home.

And I have I remember coming into the kitchen

and he was almost at the door

with a suitcase.

And I said, How long is this for?

I mean, at this point, I was 17.

How long is this for?

And he said, Well, I'm not really sure.

I was able to get

horoscopes of two people who I knew who,

let's say, were very much in love over collaborating together very closely.

And I was astounded when these two charts were superimposed that here were these

very about eight planets were in close

correlation or conjunction.

There's a certain point

where even even I'm going to get it

and I think I got it.

I guess you could call

the pre-marriage honeymoon.

We spent quite a bit of time in London and then we spent at least a few days

in Paris

as a librarian.

She'd kind of see pictures of all this stuff and kind of knew a lot about it.

It was just an amazing thing. Oh,

it was a shift.

I understood that we probably weren't going to have to heat the house with

gas from the stove anymore.

I certainly looked on him,

you know, as a bit of a role model.

They married in New Hope, Pennsylvania.

Two days after I turned 13.

A lot of John's family was there.

That was the first time I met his children.

I could see how happy my father was with Marion.

It was pretty overwhelming.

Each of them accepted their personality

quirks, their intensity and intellect at a level

that neither them, I think, had really felt before.

Her relationship to

John was one of the most deeply satisfying things.

In her life.

Over and over

on the machine, pouring

almost all the water and then go, Oh, go.

Look, now is a tape of the yesterday afternoon shooting

myself to the ground, the president who was immediately pushed into the car.

I knew that they recorded things sometimes.

24 hours a day.

But I didn't have any sense of it being a specific.

Experience you can trust.

This is CBS each evening, Monday through Friday on CBS.

24 hour feeds where CNN and FOX MSNBC that I would put in an eight hour tape

to check in.

Marian controlled certain of the VCRs selectively changing station to station.

She was creating the library at home,

and she often talked about buying another property

that she could put her whole library in.

Imagine being able to go to a reference source where you can actually see and hear.

The excitement

of what we're while also responding to.

That sense of kind of stewarding a whole lot of knowledge

and actually being able to give it to people.

Struck her sort of democratic sensibility this.

In Afghanistan, increasing

numbers of refugees continue crossing the border into Pakistan.

The flow of refugees arrive at the rate of about 400 a day

in camps set up by the Pakistan government some distance from the border.

The New York City transit workers strike is into its fourth day.

Yes, despite all kinds of traffic jams, but it is something

New Yorkers have not allowed the strike to change their usual

disposition stinks.

Thanks.

Don't bother me.

You want to do something constructive?

Work, work, work.

It's been two years since the Soviets invaded Afghanistan.

And today a State Department report said the

Soviets seemed bogged down in a Vietnam like no win situation.

Terrorist in Lebanon and in this country.

And what, if anything, can be done about it?

It's an embassy in Kuwait, a department store in London.

And overall, the fear that maybe it could happen here.

Ted Turner has announced that his company, Turner Broadcasting System,

is putting up a half million dollars to help finance television programs

without regard to national origins or politics.

Turner's political beliefs were questioned.

First of all, I don't think these issues in my opinion,

these are not right or left or conservative or liberal issues.

These are issues that affect everyone. We

civil rights and women's groups rallied over the weekend in Pickens

County, Alabama, on behalf of two local black activists who are likely to be sent

to prison today for voting from 69 year old Julia Wilder, president of the Pickens

Voters League, and 51 year old Maggie Bozeman, president of the local ACP.

I would not have been trying to help people

had they been able to do it for them.

But we have a lot of illiterate people here that don't understand.

And I had been doing absentee for them for years

and still go and plan to do it, you know?

What's wrong with the journey from Log Cabin?

Cabin the White House?

What's wrong with the journey

from peanut clerk to the president if it is within the law?

The Constitution provides for 35 years of age, older

and an American citizen, and you can convince the American

electorate to vote for you.

That is the constitutional provision.

Computer technology has expanded at an astonishing rate.

It check out your food and processor and come taxes

like computer music.

Computer art is just beginning to be explored.

But there are limits.

A computer not have a mind of its own.

A computer does not have a mind of its own

or does not have a right to.

The fact that some very good hands indeed.

For the day

the Macintosh computer was announced was a really big deal for my mother.

I remember her like calling me around to the house

to watch the commercial as it was aired.

I went to see it and I want you to see it.

That day.

We celebrate the first glorious one of the information

before the nation

secure.

From the tests of a few moments in the.

Condition of the world.

This is more powerful than any speech or

his show and sounds.

Like we've been, you know, really powerful.

We shall.

On January 24th,

Apple Computer will introduce Macintosh and you'll see why 1984

won't be like 1984.

My mother was a huge fan of technology

as a way of unlocking people's potential.

Now, Wang's new integrated information system 1/1 is very simple.

It can perform data processing, word processing.

Since the mid 1970s, she started collecting Vic 20 years and Commodore 64.

Who knows what the future holds?

And she was looking for a type of computer that would be easy to use.

And Macintosh is saying, here is a way to make personal computers

available to the rest of us.

Apple enhanced freedom.

Apple Enhanced People's Creativity.

Apple was her baby.

She had an incredible ability to recognize shifts

in media and technology, and she reacted to them.

She became an evangelist for Apple.

She bought enormous amounts of their technology.

The first thing she did give me was an Apple computer.

She was very interested in us using it and then coming back

and telling her what we learned or what she could learn from it.

She had multiple versions of every Apple product ever released.

All told, Apple Computer says it expects profit margins of 20%

or better in the coming quarters.

She really urged the family trust to invest in Apple early on.

I think her first purchases were

at about $7 a share

and she says they hold Apple stock in an unwieldy,

large, discrete holding and it went up significantly.

And. It definitely increased with the family

wealth and her personal wealth.

Here's to the crazy ones.

The misfits.

The rebels,

troublemakers.

The round pegs in the square holes.

The ones who see things different.

She is very much into Steve Jobs.

Michael often jokes that Steve was one of our other sons

that she had other than just Michael.

I remember when Steve Jobs died.

The next time I talked to her,

she said, I'm surprised you didn't call when Steve died.

And I was like, she really, really identified

with Steve Jobs

at a very early age, realizing that he was a lot more intelligent

than a lot of the people around him and being incredibly hard on people.

And Steve Jobs story of being adopted,

those things really resonated

with my mother.

The route we took every day was identical.

But on that particular day, she decided to come home via

Germantown Avenue, and she wanted to go and see her old home.

We talked about

an extraordinary subject,

and that was her youth.

I discovered her early

life had been very similar to mine.

We both adopted.

And my mother was born in Philadelphia in 1929.

So just after the

she was informally adopted,

her mother gave her up, ostensibly for economic reasons.

But I think my mother tracked her down

and found out that she had raised subsequent children.

So she felt very betrayed by that.

She had a very turbulent childhood.

You know, this being passed from family to family,

I think that that early sense of abandonment and betrayal really

kind of set a lot of my mother's attitudes toward other people.

Me being a foster child,

we had that in common to

me and Richard.

We were able to accept it and be more positive about it.

But she still held

those, you know, heart to her heart as far as her mother.

And I feel that that hindered her life.

It really did.

She had, I think, heightened and unrealistic standards

for how families should behave

with each other.

One thing,

and it is clear, I.

Think maybe initially she made efforts.

I mean, I would visit some and she was friendly,

but it definitely felt like a barrier to my father.

I believe she was seeing it

as competing with her.

They wanted to do everything together.

Everything had to be together.

I remember her saying, oh, you know,

we probably think of her as the evil stepmother.

Well, we didn't.

But in some ways we did.

There was no sense of sort of being a family

with them because we weren't allowed to talk about other family members.

That was considered gossip.

Gossip usually affirmed some sort of a norm that is a complicity

between the two people or gossiping as to the way people should be.

And this other person somehow is different.

And who decides what's normal?

And I think maybe a reexamination of what is normal

is in order at this point, because what's normal is simply what we've

been taught or accepted.

The word dogmatic comes to mind.

If I would disagree with her, I give blasted.

And Michael said basically she was like that. Do

and my mother

was as someone who take things and kept things.

She was absolutely concerned that everyone agreed on the accurate

details of what had happened.

We would have a six hour argument with her.

I mean, literally 6 hours.

Obviously, I found it difficult.

It was a long point of contention between her and me

about my boringly conventional intellect.

Compared to her, I think is probably accurate.

What she wanted was bold, thinking, autodidact,

and really outside the mainstream.

You know, I just got completely fed up with

being controls, being in a lot of ways talked down to, you know, my mother

really could quite be very cruel if she thought you weren't

kind of intellectually up to the up to her standard.

It was kind of like a two day argument going on.

I mean, I just remember storming out of a couple of rooms

and my mother said, well, nice to have known you.

And we just didn't talk a whole lot

for a long, long, long time.

One of Mr.

Reagan's nominees is in trouble in Washington and trouble for saying

that the ICP is a pinko organization and that a white civil rights attorney

from his home state of Alabama is a disgrace to his race.

Jim Inconceivable to me that a person of this attitude is qualified to be a U.S.

attorney, let alone the United States.

A Federal Judge.

Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, the third.

He was brought face to face with things he personally had said, for example,

that the NAACP and the Civil Liberties Union are un-American organizations.

These comments that you could say are about

a commie organization is something that may have said something like that.

Let's stop the Family

Feud winner.

Two or three years after that rather intense argument.

I moved out of the country without telling her.

I was really running.

So, you know, between the two of us, we just kept it going.

A few months ago, I told the American people I did not trade arms for hostages.

My heart and my best intentions still tell me that's true.

But the facts and the evidence tell me it is not the devastation.

It's hopeless.

The despair.

I've never seen men cry like they have.

To share this is CNN breaking news.

Because of the

HIV virus that I have attained,

I will have to retire from the Lakers.

That your proposal was unfairly denied or ignored because you are a woman

or a member of a minority group.

If so, the state wants information.

I run around discussing the 76635.

We are owned by larger and larger companies.

It doesn't make me a radical to be somewhat concerned about.

White male boardroom view will be even more a feature

of the news gathering and report.

What story isn't being pursued?

What story isn't being covered.

Under your party?

It is now 1992.

Happy New Year to you.

Is in the back of Los Angeles.

Continues to reel from violence.

And the aftermath of the Rodney King verdict.

South central part of the city looks like the burning Kuwaiti oil field.

One footnote to all of this,

the final episode of The Cosby Show aired tonight in Los Angeles.

For eight years, the program

held up an ideal of a happy, successful black American family.

The victory of good food.

Over ever.

White, the real enemy.

In all of this, William Jefferson

Clinton, has undermined the integrity of his office

and has acted in a manner subversive of the leaving this program.

To bring you live

coverage of President Clinton's comments on military strikes in Iraq.

I ordered our armed forces to strike.

Military and strategic targets.

In Iraq.

When we did talk, it was very, very strained.

Could have an hour long phone conversation with my mother,

during which there might be 15 minutes of actual talking.

And the rest of it was just silence.

That is the lunar eclipse from last night.

Of the century.

And we have seen our last lunar eclipse of the 1900s.

In Times Square.

Our eyes are up there on the ball here

in. I don't remember how long it had been since I had contact,

but it was a long time because they would not answer the phone or Marian wouldn't

or couldn't.

Maybe

when point I asked her, okay, if you don't answer the phone,

how are we supposed to get in touch?

She said, Well, you could FedEx us.

I just decided, Well,

why don't I just wait and see if I can make contact?

I just sat in Rittenhouse Square and waited to see if he would come out,

and he did.

He would use a little grocery shop cart, almost like a walker.

He was very stooped over.

He's making his way up on 18th Street.

And I mean, here I am stopping my dad.

So I thought, well, I guess I'd better of just go up.

And I

did and

said, Oh, here I am, I just happened to see you here.

And he seemed very glad to see me.

He sat down and said, Let's talk.

The burning question

that I had that really all of us siblings had was,

did he not communicate with us because he didn't want to?

Or was it because of Marian?

And he said that his relationship with Marian

was the most important thing in his life and that he didn't

want to rock the boat.

I think he actually used that term and he said, Don't ever

tell Marian that we spoke here.

I've considered him something of a wimp.

I mean, I have a clear visual memory of

him walking and crossing the street and going back into the

Berkeley apartment building

and not turning around.

There's perhaps 20 years

that they were isolated in the house.

Sometimes I get down there in the morning, they were there themselves, sitting

in their chairs and amidst all these books and magazine things and stuff.

And if I would come in or whatever, you know,

their chairs were side by side and they'd be holding the hands

the way they treated each other

was just amazing.

They told me they were soulmates.

I think at that point in their life, she had out everyone.

She was content with just her and John,

and he sacrificed himself for her.

You know, I believe that he didn't agree with everything,

but he humbled himself to allow her to be herself.

John was taken in by mystics knowledge.

She said People can't take knowledge from you.

So she pretty much found the fact that she was

knowledgeable is what kept her in the family.

In John's heart.

Would you like

to lower your monthly mortgage payments or use the equity

in your home to consolidate your credit card or other debts?

Just log on. To. Yeah,

this just in.

You are looking at obviously a very disturbing live shot there.

That is the World Trade Center.

And we have unconfirmed reports this morning that a plane has crashed

into one of the towers of the World Trade Center.

CNN Center right now is just beginning to work on this story,

obviously calling our sources and trying to figure out exactly what happened.

But clearly something relatively devastating happening this morning

there at the south end of the island of Manhattan.

That is once again a picture of one of the towers of the World Trade Center.

Where you could see these pictures.

It's obviously something devastating has happened and again,

unconfirmed reports that a plane has crashed into one of the towers there.

We are efforting more information on this subject as it becomes available to you.

Right now, we've got Sean Murtaugh.

He is a CNN producer on the telephone right now.

Sean, how can you tell us about what this is put on air?

But thanks very. Out.

If a football hero accused of murder is news for months

or if every Capitol Hill scandal merits weeks of coverage.

How much attention do two and a half million dead marry?

It's a story we should have brought you long ago.

The plane.

This week on Nightline.

We'd like to make up for that

by finally telling you about the beauty and the tragedy of Congo.

Three years, two and a half million dead.

We thought you should know.

One of the World Trade Center towers.

And so, Sean, what kind of plane was it?

A small plane.

It was a jet.

Now we want to tell you.

What we know as we know it.

We just got a report.

Adding

that there's been some sort of explosion at the World Trade Center in New York.

City. Where were you when you saw one report?

Because we can't confirm any of this, but a plane may have hit one of the.

Twin towers of the World Trade Center.

But again, just in the live pictures here, we have no further details

that we don't know anything about what they concluded happened

there. This morning,

we're going to find. Out and of course, make sure that everybody goes.

On the air.

Of course, the two twin Trade Center buildings that are down

at the foot of Manhattan, they really are a beacon of the New York.

It was there that there was the explosion a couple of years ago,

brought about by terrorists.

That's all gone.

So the records for this, we don't know anything about.

We don't know about anything that has happened here

other than the fact that this obviously they're an agency that they're going to

to a special report now from ABC News that has hit down there.

And my main point is too far

from the World Trade Center to make any determination on it.

And it's like a plane coming out of here.

I mean, this is an ABC News special report.

Who is coming in?

And by the entire ABC package, Good Morning America is a Congress

of the West and West.

And we're joined by the entire effort just to show you some of the pictures

that it's 52 here in New York online.

Understand that there has been a plane crash over the southern tip of Manhattan

in New York from. New York City.

That.

Apparently a plane has crashed into the World Trade Center in New York, 82.

Very good information at this point.

We don't know about injuries in the building or people on the ground.

But obviously this has.

There will it it does appear that there's any kind of an effort up there yet.

Now, remember. Oh, my God. Oh, my God.

Oh, my.

I can hear you.

The rest of the world will hear you.

And the people.

We didn't have contact for many years, but

a month after 911 happened, I had written a note saying, you know,

if there's anything you need any help with, I'd be happy to help you.

Marianne said there are some things we could use some help with.

And what it was they needed help with. Was.

Labeling videotapes.

There was a wall of tapes and there were little stickies on them.

CNN A certain date and time, and they wanted actual labels put on.

Them up in blocks.

We're doing.

It just seems that she was more concerned about not losing

any information about what was happening in the world,

but that seemed to get in the way

of having real contact information about

her family.

She collected between 40 and 50,000 books.

She would buy them at every opportunity.

She voraciously read them.

I think she said she had nine apartments or homes.

We were like packed to the gills.

She was a hoarder, you know, she hoarded everything.

You know, she got obsessed with the sirup containers that you get in diners.

So we found like 50 of them or something.

We weren't allowed to throw anything out.

We kept them in bags.

We called them burned bags, and we would stick them throughout the apartments.

She got different books that said, My life is a mess and different ones

about how intelligent people are hoarders, you know, live in disarray.

You might say.

Everybody.

What do you think we would find if we went to your house

with our television cameras and looked into your closet a mess?

Probably she would buy stuff

and I would say, Marian, where do you want me to put it?

And she would say, Make room.

And it was almost like Marion's brain, these apartment rooms.

And she knew where she would store stuff. She was

having all

these magazines and books piled up around her and tapes,

and just walking through these little pathways was who she was.

If you took away everything,

you would take away Marion.

We're taking video tours

through shopaholics, closets, just to see what exactly they had hidden away.

Here's one of our viewers, this one and

as soon as I get someplace where.

This makes a statement.

The difference between a hoarder and a collector

is what value someone else finds in what they've got.

So if people come to on a house and they think it's a pile of junk,

then this person's a hoarder.

If they think, Oh my God, no one's ever kept this before,

then suddenly they're a collector.

Well, you rarely see them in this good of shape.

For example, the fingers are perfect.

The bird is a mint condition.

And I'd say if this were to go to auction today, conservatively, it would be worth

two in the bush.

Really?

It's just beautiful.

Thank you so much for bringing it out.

When you have an institution like a museum or a university

and they begin to collect, you don't tend to question why they're doing it.

There must be a rational reason.

But when you are one long person and especially a woman,

then you're considered to be an outlier.

We shouldn't ascribe rationale lightly to those in power and irrationality

to those without it.

In her mind, there was a purpose to it.

She was always looking into the future.

All news had to be kept.

And for history.

Prosperity.

We know who shot Trayvon.

When something was important, she would want me to sit

and watch it with her. Like Trayvon Martin.

A neighborhood watch

volunteer told Sanford, Florida, police that he was acting in self-defense.

Where his viewers are, you know,

we don't need.

It. She wanted

to like, compare the way the news is put out there

and how we as a community takes it in.

The mind, equal.

Justice under the law.

We're going to require people's independence in this country.

That's all right.

That's the one friend.

But it'll be Sally Ride.

In the black insurance market slaying while in the hands of police.

Gave you proof to the outcries against police brutality.

We're going to keep saying it.

If we keep saying it, they might do some aboutwhat don't happen again.

WASHINGTON Ted Koppel.

The group calls itself Moore's movie O.

Its membership is predominantly black, and while it describes itself

as a back to nature movement, that may be an overly benign description of a group

that has terrorized its neighbors and has a history of violence.

I presume

somewhere in that archive you could pull out a sub

archive of racially motivated police brutality.

Of a radical.

Group going back and watching in detail how those stories get told.

What sort of justifications are offered?

What sort of unanswered questions remain?

Police dropped a bomb on this house trying to flush out members

of a radical Back to the Earth group known as movie.

Last night, inside the headquarters of the radical group known as MOVE.

Heavily armed members of a radical group known as MOVE.

Martin Luther King said that because of television,

it was going to be hard to maintain racism because television would show all.

If you had things like Rodney King, then

how could you not reform racism in the country?

They can get it on videotape and we still can't get a conviction.

Well, what happens to the police when they break the law?

That question's back again because of Monday's beating of two people

by sheriff's deputies from Riverside County, California.

Granted, the video doesn't tell you everything, but it sure

looks like the deputies were using excessive force

and it sure looks like the Rodney King beating all over again.

But isn't it a stretch to try to use this horrible incident

as part of your your attempt to justify illegal immigration?

We are more apt to be the victims of police brutality than any other group.

Police use of deadly force against Hispanics

has been a very significant problem.

A few weeks ago in South Carolina, where a state trooper in an unmarked car

took a woman who was speeding,

manhandled her, threw her on her back, gave her bodily injury,

and she was as white as a driven snow.

I made an embarrassing mistake.

The woman who was man held on South Carolina was not white.

She was black.

I saw the thing about a half a dozen times.

It just shows how colorblind I am not.

Guilty.

That was the headline.

Across the country today, three New York police detectives, 50 bullets

and an unarmed 23 year old shot to death just hours

before the man was to be married.

Time and time again, these cases are cases of black, blue and white.

Black is the race of the people who are dead.

Blue is the uniform who kill them.

And white is the race of the people that let those killers go.

But see, but that is the sort of race baiting.

This is there are two police.

There were two crew.

There were five people here, five police officers.

Two of them were African-American.

We went into a little bit histories, web of violence.

And I just wondered if this is related in any way

to the whole acceptance of violence and killing is an everyday thing.

Those in

power are able to write their own history

from their own bias.

And I think an extension of that certainly would be

our discussion today of violence, which we may not call violence,

but which is a large scale violation of the human being's

potential and total humanity and dignity.

She felt until the end that her work

was supremely important already,

and she shared that commitment with John Hope.

How can those who are committed to human potential

for a cooperative and constructive society?

How can such persons make a breakthrough?

How can we get out of the web of violence and break through and help

others break through to a more peaceful

and cooperative type of society?

I remember Marianne calling me like three or 4:00 in the morning

and saying, Frank, we have to go to the hospital right away.

There's a problem with John.

And when we got up there, he was gone.

It was very clear that

she fundamentally changed as a person afterwards.

John was her friend, as well as her husband.

She became much quieter, more passive in many ways.

A lot of the energy drained after his death.

She just

would cry sometimes.

During the period after his death.

She decided to go to Channel ten

to look at some of own TV show.

But we don't get into the situation where a majority of white people across our.

Industry had passed her by,

and the tapes were no longer viewable

because they no longer had the kind of equipment. So.

You know, we're not going to take these arbitrary norms of and if.

You get took away part of her life, she wanted to relive.

Recognize this diversity of persons features legitimately human

and should in the total dialog of society for the enrichment of all.

Should they recognize this.

Because a snowflake on top of some of the hill

more than three this morning drugs, sex and rock and roll.

They're the terms that define the sixties.

Problem is,

some say our memories of that time often preserve the pleasure and forget the pain

that or the sixties a special time?

Or are they merely the obsession of the baby boom generation, a generation

that can't put their youth behind them?

Bruce Ellis

is president of the Anti Nostalgia Association for the Advancement of Time,

a group that believes America is too preoccupied with the past.

And what sense to preoccupy with the past?

Well, in the sense that so much of contemporary

culture is really devoted to regurgitating the past,

so it starts to obscure a vision of the future.

What do you think of what Bruce just said?

That if we're preoccupied with that decade, can't look ahead to the next one?

Well, you know, it's on a continuum.

You can understand the racism today when you see understand

what happened with the civil rights demonstration in the sixties.

It's on a continuum.

Ahead will be long.

Our climb will be steep.

We may not get there in one year or even in one term.

But America, I have never been more hopeful

than I am tonight that we will get there.

I promise you, we as a people

will get there.

Nothing ever in our lifetimes.

If we expect. This to happen.

Something big just happened.

It feels like, um.

It feels like anything is now possible.

Minnesota is always a futuristic person.

She was always amazed that a future.

She was absolutely determined that the next generation

would be better.

Richards Say, where would you like to go?

And she would look over at me, say, Frank, where do you think we should go today?

Sometimes you just want to go out and ride.

And then she might just look out the window.

And once she got her iPhone, she liked to take pictures.

When we first got into the

restaurant, she would always say, Don't just order what you like orders.

And I'm not into, you know, ordering something I don't think I'm going to like.

And she's like, Didn't you eat that already?

So she would want me to try something I didn't have?

She told me, Frank, I'm like your mother.

Your mother yells at you, right?

So don't take it in the wrong way.

It's just that I'm upset with you.

She had a martini every day.

Tanqueray martini, very dry, straight up with a twist.

And she didn't want to drink at all.

We used to bring it home in a paper cup.

I don't think a lot of people realize the real Marion,

how she cared about people, was interested in everybody

in wheelchairs.

And so the programs, I don't want to go.

You had to be sitting right next to her holding her hand.

And that's what made me know that she was a person, a giving and loving person.

I sure do say that the answer.

Came from me and Frank and Richard opening her up to that

because it was like part of life, never saw.

Bitterness.

Try to have that connection with somebody and just hold your hand and,

you know, be there for you every day.

Richard, the driver and the aide and myself,

we were part of her family, I guess you would call it.

I was quite pleased with that surrogate family.

I've got a deep level of affection for those people,

and that facilitated more opening

and much

more communication between, you know, my kids and their grandmother.

And they developed a really, really sweet relationship.

I remember my daughter saying to me, I just can't imagine Gran getting angry.

I'm like, You just think it still makes me laugh.

It's just.

It's hilarious.

I told her, I love that you've got that kind of relationship with her

because no one else on earth does.

It's really difficult to get resolution

when somebody is turning a lot of emotions into anger.

Do you know what?

I'm not sure what I did wrong, but I need you to forgive me and I forgive you.

And we only got there within the last two months of her

death.

You know, we need to share the same sense of it as a result and say

that just isn't doing enough

to secure our borders and fight the illegal immigration problem.

I saw the most diverse book in social movements.

It was like almost 20 tapes a day we were taping.

It was becoming harder and harder to find VHS tapes,

and I used to go around the city scouring the stores.

Well, who doesn't want to be able to predict the future?

30 years ago, who knew we'd the internet.

One man did know his name was Andy Gaspar.

It just seemed to us that there. Was something new being born, something.

That was dramatically different that would change the way we communicate.

It was newspapers back then that you thought sort of might be in danger.

What do you think is sort of the next wave?

Well, there are a few of them, and that is the role of a local TV station.

We now have a Fox News Channel that's available on the Internet

any time we want it.

You wonder, what is the role of Channel five News?

Any local TV in that country?

AIDS would call me through the night sometimes and say

Marin's not doing very well.

When I came in, she was in her chair,

but her head was almost on the ground like she was bent in half.

When I sat up and I remember her eyes were open and she looked at me

and she just patted my arms and said, Frank, everything's going to be all right.

So I sort of felt that,

as she would say, the Guardian Angels were

taking her.

And so I got over there relatively quickly.

There she was sitting up.

They propped her up and she just looking very, very peaceful.

But on the news and, you know, we kind of left the news running because

we didn't know what she'd wake up and so, like blow up that we turned it off.

So we just kind of left it on and it was this horrific unfolding.

We are now multiple hours into this horrific, horrific crime

that has happened in this small, sleepy New England

town of Newtown in Connecticut at this elementary school.

The call came in to 911 right around 930 this morning.

A gunman walked in this school.

The latest number we have have.

That would have been a rough day anyway.

That would have been a rough day anyway.

Again, we're hearing closer to 30 killed at the school.

As far as children, little children.

Keep in mind, the school is kindergarten through fourth grade.

Somewhere between.

And my mom's breathing was getting shallower and shallower

and her hands were getting colder.

I said, you know, it looks like your ride's here.

You know?

And she went

and then we turned off

the VCR's, turned off the TV.

It's kind of scary in the apartment without all that noise.

It's like you only knew she was dead when you turned the VCR off.

When I discovered that I was a co-executor of the will,

and then realizing

that she had basically trusted me with finding the right home for it,

that she really did value my capabilities and value my perspective.

It's changed my view of our relationship.

Michael said that this is my mother's whole life.

It would be like throwing her life away if I didn't do something with them.

It was really a full time job for a year

and a half.

Donated a lot of books to a charity that uses secondhand books to teach at risk.

Youth

got rid of the Apple

computers, but no one would take the tapes.

No one.

So we decided to take all the tapes and put them in a pod.

They were like 16 foot long, eight foot high and eight foot wide

and put them in storage until

something could be worked out.

We weren't very afraid.

Nobody wants these and they'll just be thrown in the trash.

Let me just put this out there.

This story just hits home with us, Newsies, as news junkies.

Every news broadcast for 30 years is about to be preserved for posterity.

35 years.

And for that, we have this woman to thank the late Marian Stokes.

Marian Stokes record.

Way back. In 1977.

She didn't stop until December of 2012.

All of that history arriving today by truck at an archive in San Francisco

from Stokes home.

With me now from Philadelphia is Marian Stokes son Mike Medalists.

And we are also joined by Roger McDonald, the Internet Archive in San Francisco.

But first, Roger, to you.

Tell me, how rare is this, this collection from Marian Stokes to an.

Exceptional collection, really an unprecedented collection.

And I first heard of Marian Stokes from an email from Michael,

and I was just amazed

that somebody had actually done this at this size, the magnitude of it.

And they took the stuff.

We we shipped it across the country, a couple a couple of trucks

and a huge load was lifted from my shoulders.

And it's just been staggering, staggering a relief.

That we just felt like, you know a miracle had happened, that

someone was willing to take them and to,

you know, make them accessible to the public.

They arrived in our warehouse in Richmond and truck after truck.

I think the scale of Marian Stokes is collections

absolutely impressive. It

nobody in

this field has ever heard or seen the like

what she recorded is inaccessible to us

all the long form programing

that she got, all the CNN and all the fox.

And then there's the local news.

That's a rare collection there are probably elements that she has

that nobody has.

She understood the power of media to shape public opinion.

And when one of my mother's dreams was that that would be available to people

as an only

child, you know, just to be able to take my mother's life's work

and to be able to participate in someone making it available

to people, that's

that's just enormously gratifying.

Our intention and goal is to digitize it,

put everything that she has on our servers, to hold on to it

for future generations and make it available.

What we're offering is to search

television by keyword.

When we sent them the test box, they immediately began to realize that

the early days of my mother's taping were also the early days of closed captioning.

They can use the closed captioning

as a tag that lets people know and search

what's happening in the actual videotape.

The Internet Archive is able to make these tapes accessible

in a much more technology savvy way.

Now there's so much media more than ever.

People need access to reliable information to make their decisions.

And that was very much what my mother would have wanted to do.

Decades worth of television broadcasts is irretrievably lost,

and archive redeems the.

Object of its collecting.

The trashcan of history.

Effectively.

You will only know afterwards what is important to have collected.

So the more you have, the more you can then go back and say, Hmm,

this is actually important to me, that

all archives create futures.

When looking at the underlying instincts that drive collection and preservation,

there is this human drive to transcend time,

not willing to let go of any moment and the realization

that the past is never let go.

The fact that she kept all this stuff

when other people caught up that they wanted to save it.

20 years after she started.

That's smart.

She had an incredible ability to see trends and to act on.

It's difficult not to call her a visionary, really difficult

to pull that tag away from.

She was very, very much ahead of her time.

She did give up a lot

in terms of what, you know, people think of as kind of normal human life.

But she funneled all that energy into doing things that she felt important

to her that were going to be important in the long run.

It was hard for me and the family,

but I

loved her.