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[thunder]
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♪
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♪ [thunder]
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I had no intention of being
in the field of addiction.
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I was in the field of
experimental psychology.
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♪
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In 1970, I was the
youngest member of the
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Faculty of Psychology at
Simon Fraser University.
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And the youngest guy gets
to teach the course that
10
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nobody else wants to teach,
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and that course was
called Social Issues.
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Vancouver was in the midst
of an addiction crisis and
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that meant I had to
teach about addiction.
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I mean, I knew
nothing about addiction.
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Well, my life changed
one day when
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a student in the back of the
class raised his hand...
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And said, "Haven't you
heard about the rats?"
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We based a whole
science on isolated rats,
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a prison cell of
isolation cages.
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They looked lethargic.
They're not doing anything.
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They're given spouts on the
wall where they can
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drink a presentation
of fluids: water
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or, morphine.
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They consume a
lot of morphine,
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so much that they die.
They actually starve to death.
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♪
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So, Rat Park was
an experiment.
28
00:02:02,622 --> 00:02:05,125
Maybe if we give the same
number of rats a place to
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live in that's comfortable,
maybe they wouldn't
30
00:02:07,760 --> 00:02:11,231
take as much of the dope.
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We built a big...
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place, with plywood walls.
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♪
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♪
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Which was basically designed
as a heaven for rats to live in,
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and we called it Rat Park.
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♪
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♪
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00:02:34,988 --> 00:02:38,424
♪
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And what they've
got there is lots of
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other rats to scamper
around with and
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they got lots of opportunity
for social activities,
43
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and the walls are painted
so that we have
44
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a beautiful
British Columbia forest,
45
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which we all love.
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♪
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♪
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♪
49
00:03:01,247 --> 00:03:03,383
And then,
we gave them the choice:
50
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they could have water or
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they could continue
to drink the morphine.
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We got these
results consistently,
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that the rats in Rat Park
didn't like the morphine.
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The finding is
absolutely clear
55
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that the rats in isolation
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drink a lot more morphine than
the rats in Rat Park.
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♪
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♪
59
00:03:29,175 --> 00:03:32,245
♪
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♪
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00:03:34,514 --> 00:03:39,752
♪
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00:03:39,786 --> 00:03:42,088
♪
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00:03:42,121 --> 00:03:44,924
I don't think we can
understand drug addiction
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by starting with drugs.
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00:03:46,793 --> 00:03:49,996
I mean, drugs, of course,
are essential to drug addiction,
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00:03:50,029 --> 00:03:52,832
but the larger picture
has to...
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00:03:52,865 --> 00:03:54,634
has to matter.
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00:03:54,667 --> 00:03:57,003
You know, when people
have a drug problem,
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00:03:57,036 --> 00:03:59,005
the easiest thing is
to blame the drug;
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00:03:59,038 --> 00:04:00,540
that must be the reason.
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00:04:00,573 --> 00:04:02,542
If they weren't using
that drug, you know,
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00:04:02,575 --> 00:04:04,244
their lives
would be all together.
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00:04:04,277 --> 00:04:06,379
And it's very hard for
people to kind of
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00:04:06,412 --> 00:04:07,880
go to that deeper level.
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00:04:07,914 --> 00:04:10,450
Sometimes, focusing on the
bigger social problems -
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00:04:10,483 --> 00:04:12,719
unemployment,
lack of opportunity,
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00:04:12,752 --> 00:04:16,422
poor education - well,
those are big problems.
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00:04:16,456 --> 00:04:18,124
When you take
the metaphor that,
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00:04:18,157 --> 00:04:21,728
that sort of emerges from
the Rat Park research and say,
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00:04:21,761 --> 00:04:24,397
well, now, how might that
be true among human beings
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00:04:24,430 --> 00:04:27,400
'cause rats are rats and
people are people?
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00:04:27,433 --> 00:04:29,602
Rat Park shows us that
we simply can't
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understand addiction
without understanding
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the environment that
a person is in.
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♪
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Even as we see progress
on harm reduction and
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00:04:41,814 --> 00:04:45,084
drug policy reform,
the majority of nations,
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00:04:45,118 --> 00:04:47,787
in Asia, and sprinkled
around the rest of the world,
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00:04:47,820 --> 00:04:50,256
they're still in
the dark ages.
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00:04:50,290 --> 00:05:00,366
♪
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00:05:00,400 --> 00:05:04,704
Philippines is a
contrast for me.
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00:05:04,737 --> 00:05:07,206
It's a contrast
between a rich,
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00:05:07,240 --> 00:05:10,209
beautiful country
with resilient people,
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00:05:10,243 --> 00:05:13,946
but at the same time,
a country so poor that
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00:05:13,980 --> 00:05:21,054
the people are left with
no sense of governance.
96
00:05:21,087 --> 00:05:23,456
But the Filipino people have
shown that there are
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00:05:23,489 --> 00:05:27,627
limits to the Filipino
people's patience.
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00:05:27,660 --> 00:05:32,465
[children's chatter]
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♪
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00:05:41,941 --> 00:05:45,978
I first heard about crystal meth
in the late 90s.
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00:05:46,012 --> 00:05:50,083
It was called the
poor man's cocaine.
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00:05:50,116 --> 00:05:53,653
This is one of the poorest
communities here in the country.
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♪
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This area was designed by
former Imelda Marcos
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00:06:00,393 --> 00:06:03,730
as a resettlement area, so
people from the provinces
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00:06:03,763 --> 00:06:06,366
come here and the
port is nearby,
107
00:06:06,399 --> 00:06:07,567
so when they get here,
108
00:06:07,600 --> 00:06:10,703
they don't have a
place to go to and...
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00:06:10,737 --> 00:06:14,374
This is so most--
where most of them stay.
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00:06:14,407 --> 00:06:18,378
The drug situation here in
the country is endemic and
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00:06:18,411 --> 00:06:20,046
mostly in the
poor communities,
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00:06:20,079 --> 00:06:24,384
especially with meth because
they are the target market.
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00:06:24,417 --> 00:06:36,062
♪
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00:06:36,095 --> 00:06:39,232
Who are these people?
Why are they using?
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00:06:39,265 --> 00:06:42,769
They are under educated
and many of them were
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00:06:42,802 --> 00:06:46,139
doing it not just for
recreation purposes,
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00:06:46,172 --> 00:06:49,242
some were doing it for
productivity purposes
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00:06:49,275 --> 00:06:53,079
because it would allow
them to wash clothes;
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00:06:53,112 --> 00:06:55,748
it would allow them
to take double jobs;
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00:06:55,782 --> 00:07:01,020
it would allow
them to stay awake.
121
00:07:01,053 --> 00:07:03,589
Right now, you wouldn't want
to be in the Philippines
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00:07:03,623 --> 00:07:05,425
if you're a drug user
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00:07:05,458 --> 00:07:07,593
because it's not about
treatment here,
124
00:07:07,627 --> 00:07:10,029
it's really
about punishment.
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00:07:10,062 --> 00:07:11,697
♪
126
00:07:11,731 --> 00:07:14,534
So we are a country
in search of itself.
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00:07:14,567 --> 00:07:17,703
It's a work in progress.
128
00:07:17,737 --> 00:07:20,373
So when Duterte came
into power in June 2016,
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00:07:20,406 --> 00:07:22,041
he declared the
war against drugs.
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00:07:22,074 --> 00:07:24,377
[indistinct speaking]
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Nobody actually knew
what that meant...
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00:07:27,613 --> 00:07:29,282
until the killings began.
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00:07:44,831 --> 00:07:50,236
Drugs and corruption,
maybe, and crime...
134
00:07:50,269 --> 00:07:52,905
have so devastated
the country that
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00:07:52,939 --> 00:07:57,076
a populist leader who promises
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00:07:57,109 --> 00:08:00,346
to eliminate drugs
in six months,
137
00:08:00,379 --> 00:08:03,015
is the hope of
the country.
138
00:08:03,049 --> 00:08:05,885
He rode on the
people's discontent.
139
00:08:05,918 --> 00:08:08,054
And from mayor,
somebody broached
140
00:08:08,087 --> 00:08:10,756
the idea of running
for president.
141
00:08:10,790 --> 00:08:13,860
Unfortunate because he
never learned that there are
142
00:08:13,893 --> 00:08:16,896
things that you do in a
certain city that
143
00:08:16,929 --> 00:08:20,867
you cannot do for the
entire country.
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00:08:20,900 --> 00:08:24,070
The drug war that we are
experiencing right now,
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00:08:24,103 --> 00:08:27,206
I think that's a
perfect example of
146
00:08:27,240 --> 00:08:29,909
a country that is
still maturing.
147
00:08:29,942 --> 00:08:33,045
The people are just fed up
with traditional politicians,
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00:08:33,079 --> 00:08:35,882
all promises of big politicians,
nothing happens.
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00:08:35,915 --> 00:08:39,418
Here comes a guy who
promised change and
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00:08:39,452 --> 00:08:42,154
his way of solving change is
different from the others.
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00:08:50,596 --> 00:08:52,932
There's a lot of...
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00:08:52,965 --> 00:08:56,569
"Anyone who uses
drugs is an addict."
153
00:08:56,602 --> 00:08:58,638
"All addicts are criminal."
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00:08:58,671 --> 00:09:03,409
He's the first politician to
offer in a presidential election
155
00:09:03,442 --> 00:09:05,545
that, "I will kill
drug addicts."
156
00:09:16,389 --> 00:09:18,558
♪
157
00:09:23,796 --> 00:09:26,098
It shocked us.
158
00:09:26,132 --> 00:09:29,702
And then we realized
it's war against people.
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00:09:29,735 --> 00:09:32,705
And that's when we
began scrambling.
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00:09:32,738 --> 00:09:53,259
♪
161
00:09:53,292 --> 00:09:56,829
[crowd chatter]
162
00:10:12,945 --> 00:10:26,292
♪
163
00:10:34,667 --> 00:10:53,653
♪
164
00:11:30,189 --> 00:11:51,177
♪
165
00:11:51,210 --> 00:11:54,246
Florida has always been,
like, con central.
166
00:11:54,280 --> 00:11:57,249
Like, if you want to fucking
start a con-ass business,
167
00:11:57,283 --> 00:11:59,685
you go to Florida.
Like, insurance fraud,
168
00:11:59,719 --> 00:12:01,954
you want to do
Medicaid fraud,
169
00:12:01,987 --> 00:12:05,658
or phone room scams,
time share scams,
170
00:12:05,691 --> 00:12:07,526
you come to Florida, right.
171
00:12:07,560 --> 00:12:09,628
It's just always
been that way.
172
00:12:09,662 --> 00:12:13,632
And, the nature of people,
the nature of capitalism,
173
00:12:13,666 --> 00:12:15,134
and the nature of...
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00:12:15,167 --> 00:12:18,137
I think that,
this hustler spirit that,
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00:12:18,170 --> 00:12:21,140
that a lot of folks
have in America,
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00:12:21,173 --> 00:12:23,809
is that if there's a way for
me to fucking make
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00:12:23,843 --> 00:12:25,811
a lot of money I'm gonna do it.
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00:12:25,845 --> 00:12:28,647
And, that's what happened.
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00:12:28,681 --> 00:12:30,649
It, it's just like,
it's a culmination of,
180
00:12:30,683 --> 00:12:32,318
I think, a lot of,
of things,
181
00:12:32,351 --> 00:12:33,886
and I think Florida,
at that time,
182
00:12:33,919 --> 00:12:36,355
was just a perfect storm.
183
00:12:36,388 --> 00:12:44,330
♪
184
00:12:44,363 --> 00:12:46,999
What you had in Florida
was this loose regulation,
185
00:12:47,032 --> 00:12:50,669
anybody could open a
clinic and treat pain.
186
00:12:50,703 --> 00:12:52,371
Anybody.
187
00:12:52,404 --> 00:12:55,341
What you had were these
unregulated pain clinics
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00:12:55,374 --> 00:12:57,343
opening up
nearly everywhere.
189
00:12:57,376 --> 00:13:00,346
You, essentially,
would go in and
190
00:13:00,379 --> 00:13:02,848
you would pay somebody
cash to get an MRI.
191
00:13:02,882 --> 00:13:04,984
They would do an MRI, and as
long as you went in with the
192
00:13:05,017 --> 00:13:08,120
MRI to the pain clinic,
the doctors there
193
00:13:08,154 --> 00:13:11,490
would prescribe you, um...
194
00:13:11,524 --> 00:13:13,025
pretty much
whatever you wanted.
195
00:13:13,058 --> 00:13:15,961
Back in 2010 and 2011,
we had more pain clinics
196
00:13:15,995 --> 00:13:19,365
in Florida than McDonald's
and Walmart's, combined.
197
00:13:19,398 --> 00:13:22,301
And then, all you needed for the
perfect storm was to have
198
00:13:22,334 --> 00:13:24,136
a ready supply
of retired doctors,
199
00:13:24,170 --> 00:13:27,640
looking to write scripts
to make some extra money.
200
00:13:27,673 --> 00:13:31,811
What state had more retired
doctors than Florida?
201
00:13:31,844 --> 00:13:34,480
While other states
developed tougher laws to
202
00:13:34,513 --> 00:13:38,818
restrict these pills, Florida,
it was open season.
203
00:13:38,851 --> 00:13:40,686
We didn't really
have any laws.
204
00:13:40,719 --> 00:13:42,988
It was really bad,
like, you could,
205
00:13:43,022 --> 00:13:48,327
you could drive down certain
streets and just see,
206
00:13:48,360 --> 00:13:51,330
like, lines out the door,
armed guards.
207
00:13:51,363 --> 00:13:53,232
They could walk out
with prescriptions,
208
00:13:53,265 --> 00:13:57,236
not for hundreds of pills,
but thousands of pills.
209
00:13:57,269 --> 00:13:59,505
Manufacturers got
big profits and
210
00:13:59,538 --> 00:14:00,973
distributors got big profits;
211
00:14:01,006 --> 00:14:02,441
the doctors were
making big money;
212
00:14:02,474 --> 00:14:04,276
the users were
getting their high.
213
00:14:04,310 --> 00:14:07,446
Until it all came
crashing down.
214
00:14:07,479 --> 00:14:09,281
♪
215
00:14:09,315 --> 00:14:10,649
We tightened the supply.
216
00:14:10,683 --> 00:14:13,786
We made it much harder to
get oxycodone and other pills.
217
00:14:13,819 --> 00:14:15,154
But what happened
to the demand;
218
00:14:15,187 --> 00:14:17,456
the demand didn't go away.
219
00:14:17,489 --> 00:14:18,858
The demand
moved to a cheaper,
220
00:14:18,891 --> 00:14:22,294
more accessible
alternative: heroin.
221
00:14:22,328 --> 00:14:25,297
And today's heroin is not
your father's heroin anymore.
222
00:14:25,331 --> 00:14:27,466
This is heroin,
too often spiked with
223
00:14:27,499 --> 00:14:30,135
cheap, potent
Chinese Fentanyl.
224
00:14:30,169 --> 00:14:34,139
The fact that the people in
government and
225
00:14:34,173 --> 00:14:36,809
law enforcement who
shut down these pill mills
226
00:14:36,842 --> 00:14:40,212
didn't have the foresight to
see the addiction crisis
227
00:14:40,246 --> 00:14:42,481
was gonna go to the street,
that addicts were gonna
228
00:14:42,514 --> 00:14:47,152
go to the street now;
that's the problem.
229
00:14:47,186 --> 00:14:49,321
Why does this continue?
230
00:14:49,355 --> 00:14:50,823
You know, we had
methamphetamine
231
00:14:50,856 --> 00:14:53,492
immediately before this,
crack before that.
232
00:14:53,525 --> 00:14:56,228
We need to keep this going
in order to justify the
233
00:14:56,262 --> 00:14:59,031
existence of this
drug war machine.
234
00:14:59,064 --> 00:15:00,833
And so,
after the opioid's over,
235
00:15:00,866 --> 00:15:02,334
there'll be something else.
236
00:15:02,368 --> 00:15:04,270
You can't solve this problem
by a bunch of suits
237
00:15:04,303 --> 00:15:05,671
in an ivory tower.
238
00:15:05,704 --> 00:15:07,106
You need to get on
the ground floor,
239
00:15:07,139 --> 00:15:08,307
you need to get
on the streets,
240
00:15:08,340 --> 00:15:11,010
you need to talk to people
who know what's really going on.
241
00:15:11,043 --> 00:15:19,018
♪
242
00:15:19,051 --> 00:15:20,619
[dog barks]
243
00:15:20,653 --> 00:15:23,188
Hey... hey!
244
00:15:23,222 --> 00:15:27,026
(whistles)
Go get it.
245
00:15:27,059 --> 00:15:28,861
Get!
246
00:15:28,894 --> 00:15:31,530
Worst fucking
fetch player on earth.
247
00:15:31,563 --> 00:15:33,966
He's got heart cancer now.
248
00:15:33,999 --> 00:15:36,035
Him going through it
was legit, like,
249
00:15:36,068 --> 00:15:37,803
one of the hardest things
I ever had to deal with
250
00:15:37,836 --> 00:15:40,205
in my fucking life.
I deal with, like,
251
00:15:40,239 --> 00:15:41,640
overdoses and
I deal with, like,
252
00:15:41,674 --> 00:15:44,009
hearing about people
in our community dying and...
253
00:15:44,043 --> 00:15:47,346
It's not very personal a lot
of times just because it,
254
00:15:47,379 --> 00:15:49,181
it's hard to...
255
00:15:49,214 --> 00:15:51,483
internalize that kind
of stuff when it's, like, a,
256
00:15:51,517 --> 00:15:54,019
a normalized part
of your job, um...
257
00:15:54,053 --> 00:15:55,654
[lighter sparks]
258
00:15:55,688 --> 00:15:57,022
So you almost have to, like,
259
00:15:57,056 --> 00:15:59,658
keep it kind of
compartmentalized.
260
00:15:59,692 --> 00:16:14,606
♪
261
00:16:14,640 --> 00:16:17,109
You know, I, I had my own
history with drug use and,
262
00:16:17,142 --> 00:16:18,811
and mental health, and...
263
00:16:18,844 --> 00:16:21,480
When I was homeless, I,
I went to The Lord's Place
264
00:16:21,513 --> 00:16:23,782
to get food vouchers.
265
00:16:23,816 --> 00:16:26,685
I went there to get clothes
to interview because
266
00:16:26,719 --> 00:16:28,020
I didn't have any.
267
00:16:28,053 --> 00:16:31,957
And what I found is that
there was always this stigma
268
00:16:31,991 --> 00:16:34,493
and this belief
held over me that, like,
269
00:16:34,526 --> 00:16:38,364
I had to prove
how much I wanted help.
270
00:16:38,397 --> 00:16:39,665
Yeah, we get
you're homeless,
271
00:16:39,698 --> 00:16:41,367
we get that, fucking,
you don't have any access
272
00:16:41,400 --> 00:16:44,003
to healthcare or
anything else, but really,
273
00:16:44,036 --> 00:16:46,305
we need to talk
about you smoking crack.
274
00:16:46,338 --> 00:16:48,007
You know what; fuck you.
275
00:16:48,040 --> 00:16:50,976
I don't think people quite
understand the shame and,
276
00:16:51,010 --> 00:16:53,979
and the guilt and all of
that stuff that folks have to
277
00:16:54,013 --> 00:16:58,817
fucking go through just
to be able to show up to say,
278
00:16:58,851 --> 00:17:01,920
"Hey, I need
help with that," right?
279
00:17:01,954 --> 00:17:07,826
And I think it's much easier
for me to help drug users
280
00:17:07,860 --> 00:17:11,330
when the very act of
existing is not illegal,
281
00:17:11,363 --> 00:17:13,265
and that's essentially
what drug laws are.
282
00:17:13,298 --> 00:17:15,434
They make the very
act of existing,
283
00:17:15,467 --> 00:17:17,803
for a drug user,
their day-to-day life,
284
00:17:17,836 --> 00:17:19,138
is illegal.
285
00:17:19,171 --> 00:17:23,175
They criminalize the
person and that's a,
286
00:17:23,208 --> 00:17:25,778
that's really
fucked up concept.
287
00:17:25,811 --> 00:17:30,015
The longer that the
sort of old thinking,
288
00:17:30,049 --> 00:17:31,784
the old way of
thinking about drugs,
289
00:17:31,817 --> 00:17:35,287
is perpetuated, it just
means the more we're gonna
290
00:17:35,320 --> 00:17:38,457
suffer higher levels of
addiction and that's why,
291
00:17:38,490 --> 00:17:40,859
you know, moving towards
drug policies grounded in
292
00:17:40,893 --> 00:17:44,363
science and compassion,
health, and human rights,
293
00:17:44,396 --> 00:17:46,698
is so pivotally important.
294
00:17:46,732 --> 00:17:58,477
♪
295
00:17:58,510 --> 00:18:02,748
I never liked the term
"War on Drugs".
296
00:18:02,781 --> 00:18:06,485
Because a war, it's supposed
to have a beginning and an end.
297
00:18:06,518 --> 00:18:08,754
In the end,
you either win it or lose it.
298
00:18:08,787 --> 00:18:10,289
The problem with
War on Drugs is that
299
00:18:10,322 --> 00:18:12,491
you will never get an end to it.
300
00:18:12,524 --> 00:18:15,461
There will be new substances
coming up every day,
301
00:18:15,494 --> 00:18:18,630
or every month,
or every year.
302
00:18:18,664 --> 00:18:21,133
So, we do not know
what's ahead of us.
303
00:18:21,166 --> 00:18:23,769
What we know is that
it's not going to end.
304
00:18:23,802 --> 00:18:26,271
We are not going to
solve this problem,
305
00:18:26,305 --> 00:18:29,641
but there's a lot of
ways we can manage it.
306
00:18:29,675 --> 00:18:37,182
♪
307
00:18:38,884 --> 00:18:41,153
♪
308
00:18:41,186 --> 00:18:43,455
The major problem we had
back in the 80s and 90s
309
00:18:43,489 --> 00:18:46,625
was heroin usage.
Mostly injected heroin usage
310
00:18:46,658 --> 00:18:49,795
with all the HIV infection
involved and hepatitis
311
00:18:49,828 --> 00:18:52,464
due to the lemon juice
used in shooting heroin,
312
00:18:52,498 --> 00:18:54,967
and that was the,
the main reason that
313
00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:57,002
led the government
to change the policy.
314
00:18:57,035 --> 00:19:00,739
We see people that use
drugs as victims of a crime.
315
00:19:00,772 --> 00:19:03,609
The crime being the
crime of the drug smugglers,
316
00:19:03,642 --> 00:19:05,477
the drug traffickers.
317
00:19:05,511 --> 00:19:08,747
They are the real criminals.
318
00:19:08,780 --> 00:19:12,317
We went for, we went
for the whole thing.
319
00:19:12,351 --> 00:19:14,119
We changed everything.
320
00:19:14,153 --> 00:19:18,924
I believe that these new laws
can provide a new solution.
321
00:19:18,957 --> 00:19:22,761
We are not creating any
better conditions for
322
00:19:22,794 --> 00:19:25,631
consumption in Portugal,
we are just creating
323
00:19:25,664 --> 00:19:30,269
better conditions for people who
are drug addicts and need help.
324
00:19:30,302 --> 00:19:32,938
We were lucky.
325
00:19:32,971 --> 00:19:56,228
[air pumping]
326
00:20:11,677 --> 00:20:14,379
(humming)
327
00:20:14,413 --> 00:20:19,718
♪
328
00:20:19,751 --> 00:20:24,156
(humming)
329
00:20:24,189 --> 00:20:26,225
Come on.
330
00:20:26,258 --> 00:20:55,587
♪
331
00:20:55,587 --> 00:20:58,957
I like the idea of art.
I like those things.
332
00:20:58,991 --> 00:21:01,393
I like materials.
I like colours.
333
00:21:01,426 --> 00:21:03,495
I like shapes.
I like techniques.
334
00:21:03,528 --> 00:21:06,365
But, in general,
classic art, I don't like.
335
00:21:06,398 --> 00:21:07,699
Modern art, I don't...
336
00:21:07,733 --> 00:21:09,735
I don't know if I like because
I don't know what it is.
337
00:21:09,768 --> 00:21:11,570
(laughs)
Eh...
338
00:21:11,603 --> 00:21:14,339
I like doing things.
339
00:21:14,373 --> 00:21:16,408
♪
340
00:21:16,441 --> 00:21:20,879
♪
341
00:21:20,912 --> 00:21:23,048
You can say ceramics,
it's an art.
342
00:21:23,081 --> 00:21:26,852
It's different, of all the
ceramics are made by artists.
343
00:21:26,885 --> 00:21:31,356
Sometimes people ask,
"Are you an artist? Oh!"
344
00:21:31,390 --> 00:21:32,691
Understand?
345
00:21:32,724 --> 00:21:35,694
Why don't they ask,
"Are a you very good...
346
00:21:35,727 --> 00:21:37,396
or very happy potter?"
347
00:21:37,429 --> 00:21:39,398
Yes, I am.
(laughs)
348
00:21:39,431 --> 00:21:43,201
[wheel whirring]
349
00:21:43,235 --> 00:21:44,736
You see,
sometimes I do the stuff,
350
00:21:44,770 --> 00:21:46,371
but then I need to
go out, wherever,
351
00:21:46,405 --> 00:21:50,542
and I leave it and
I don't finish them.
352
00:21:50,575 --> 00:21:57,382
[dog barking outside]
353
00:21:57,416 --> 00:22:05,057
♪
354
00:22:05,090 --> 00:22:07,993
21, I began my, my place,
working in ceramics.
355
00:22:08,026 --> 00:22:12,164
24, I was technician of
ceramics in the University of...
356
00:22:12,197 --> 00:22:15,500
Architecture, in the design,
industrial course,
357
00:22:15,534 --> 00:22:18,036
for years,
always using drugs.
358
00:22:18,070 --> 00:22:20,872
I teached in a school,
pottery,
359
00:22:20,906 --> 00:22:24,242
always having my
own potter business.
360
00:22:24,276 --> 00:22:26,878
This is 1995. There were
no half-pipe, nothing.
361
00:22:26,912 --> 00:22:29,514
There was no BMX
in Lisbon, and so,
362
00:22:29,548 --> 00:22:31,383
we made the first
half-pipe in Lisbon,
363
00:22:31,416 --> 00:22:32,384
I'm in the newspaper.
364
00:22:32,417 --> 00:22:35,554
So this photo is
from a professional.
365
00:22:35,587 --> 00:22:39,524
This is a Roland MC-303,
it's a sequencer.
366
00:22:39,558 --> 00:22:43,028
Synthesize sequencer, to make
"doo-doo-doo-doo-doo".
367
00:22:43,061 --> 00:22:44,863
I sell it for two grams
of crack.
368
00:22:44,896 --> 00:22:47,699
This were photos I took
for purpose, it was to,
369
00:22:47,733 --> 00:22:49,768
to give to an agent because
sometimes I wanted to
370
00:22:49,801 --> 00:22:53,372
do figuration, so
you need photos for them.
371
00:22:53,405 --> 00:22:57,275
And these, these I really
love it 'cause it's my daddy.
372
00:22:57,309 --> 00:22:59,745
I really like my expression.
I like all the things,
373
00:22:59,778 --> 00:23:03,648
and it's 19... 1977.
374
00:23:03,682 --> 00:23:07,652
♪
375
00:23:07,686 --> 00:23:10,522
There are guys, I think,
like me. I get addicted,
376
00:23:10,555 --> 00:23:15,861
and now it's difficult to go out
because I still want to use it.
377
00:23:15,894 --> 00:23:17,829
That's the question;
you're not even addicted
378
00:23:17,863 --> 00:23:21,733
to one drug, you're addicted
to alterated states.
379
00:23:21,767 --> 00:23:24,503
And that's the, the balance
and the fight between
380
00:23:24,536 --> 00:23:28,840
crack, heroin, methadone.
381
00:23:28,874 --> 00:23:31,676
Cannot feel like a criminal,
so I must show
382
00:23:31,710 --> 00:23:34,780
I don't feel like I'm
doing a crime.
383
00:23:36,548 --> 00:23:43,755
[thunder]
384
00:23:43,789 --> 00:23:45,857
When I think about addiction,
385
00:23:45,891 --> 00:23:48,393
I think about the work of
386
00:23:48,427 --> 00:23:52,364
one of my favourite Canadians,
of Bruce Alexander.
387
00:23:52,397 --> 00:23:55,734
He showed that rats raised
in an enriched environment
388
00:23:55,767 --> 00:23:59,938
are far less likely to take
drugs than rats raised in
389
00:23:59,971 --> 00:24:02,307
a barren or
desolate environment.
390
00:24:02,340 --> 00:24:07,045
We thought we'd bring that
idea to the human laboratory.
391
00:24:07,078 --> 00:24:12,150
We tested the impact of
having an alternative reinforcer
392
00:24:12,184 --> 00:24:15,821
or an attractive alternative
to cocaine, crack-cocaine,
393
00:24:15,854 --> 00:24:19,491
as a choice, so we allow
people to either take
394
00:24:19,524 --> 00:24:23,695
a certain amount of money or
take a hit of crack cocaine.
395
00:24:23,728 --> 00:24:27,833
And what you find is that
when your alternative is
396
00:24:27,866 --> 00:24:29,901
high enough or
attractive enough,
397
00:24:29,935 --> 00:24:32,037
like the amount of
money is large enough,
398
00:24:32,070 --> 00:24:34,673
you would get those folks
actually choosing money
399
00:24:34,706 --> 00:24:36,408
over their drug of choice.
400
00:24:36,441 --> 00:24:38,844
Just shows that
people behave rationally,
401
00:24:38,877 --> 00:24:40,745
even people who use drugs,
402
00:24:40,779 --> 00:24:43,381
even people who we
call drug addicts.
403
00:24:43,415 --> 00:24:46,418
This work grew out of the
work of Bruce Alexander
404
00:24:46,451 --> 00:24:50,355
who did this sort
of work in rats.
405
00:24:50,388 --> 00:24:52,757
♪
406
00:24:52,791 --> 00:24:55,427
You can only learn so
much by studying rats and
407
00:24:55,460 --> 00:24:59,364
we found something that
I think was important.
408
00:24:59,397 --> 00:25:02,534
I mean, what's surprising
is how active rats are in,
409
00:25:02,567 --> 00:25:05,303
in society.
They're always busy,
410
00:25:05,337 --> 00:25:08,507
except the occasional
moment for meditation.
411
00:25:08,540 --> 00:25:11,843
But, but, basically,
they're always busy and
412
00:25:11,877 --> 00:25:14,479
rats in cages are not busy,
they've got nothing to do.
413
00:25:14,513 --> 00:25:16,047
They got no life.
414
00:25:16,081 --> 00:25:18,884
Well, that seems like a
pretty good metaphor.
415
00:25:18,917 --> 00:25:21,987
I spent the rest of my
career trying to figure out
416
00:25:22,020 --> 00:25:24,723
where that metaphor goes.
417
00:25:24,756 --> 00:25:27,993
Under what conditions
would people adopt
418
00:25:28,026 --> 00:25:30,362
a self-destructive addiction?
419
00:25:30,395 --> 00:25:33,832
I think that the answer
lies along the lines that
420
00:25:33,865 --> 00:25:36,501
everybody would choose
to have a healthful,
421
00:25:36,535 --> 00:25:40,071
happy life, but what
if that's blocked?
422
00:25:40,105 --> 00:25:42,574
You know, most people who
are opioid addicts are not
423
00:25:42,607 --> 00:25:46,344
in cages, but maybe the
cages are a metaphor;
424
00:25:46,378 --> 00:25:48,880
maybe there are
cages we don't see.
425
00:25:48,914 --> 00:25:57,255
♪
426
00:25:57,289 --> 00:25:58,857
In understanding addiction,
427
00:25:58,890 --> 00:26:02,961
it's about the culture in
which we're living.
428
00:26:02,994 --> 00:26:06,865
The Philippines is a very
sad situation because
429
00:26:06,898 --> 00:26:10,802
here you have an
outrageous leader, Duterte,
430
00:26:10,835 --> 00:26:16,308
and he's engaging in an
extrajudicial war on drugs,
431
00:26:16,341 --> 00:26:20,211
basically telling security
forces and police that
432
00:26:20,245 --> 00:26:22,647
they should feel free
to kill anybody that they
433
00:26:22,681 --> 00:26:27,819
think's involved in drugs at all
and he'll have their back.
434
00:26:27,852 --> 00:26:30,221
The thing that's so
tragic about this,
435
00:26:30,255 --> 00:26:33,525
it's not just the loss of
life and a sense of terror,
436
00:26:33,558 --> 00:26:37,495
it's also that his policy is
supported by a
437
00:26:37,529 --> 00:26:40,899
majority of the population,
so far as we can tell.
438
00:26:40,932 --> 00:26:55,246
♪
439
00:27:27,612 --> 00:27:36,821
♪
440
00:27:36,855 --> 00:27:58,143
[crowd chatter]
441
00:28:28,006 --> 00:28:32,510
[scrubbing]
442
00:29:07,545 --> 00:29:16,855
♪
443
00:29:16,888 --> 00:29:21,259
People are afraid...
444
00:29:21,292 --> 00:29:24,095
But there, there is work
being done on the ground
445
00:29:24,129 --> 00:29:29,934
to document the killings
because the sentiment is,
446
00:29:29,968 --> 00:29:33,705
one day, when this
leader steps down,
447
00:29:33,738 --> 00:29:36,441
he will get his due.
448
00:29:36,474 --> 00:29:40,578
The battle for reforms in
this country cannot just be
449
00:29:40,612 --> 00:29:44,582
conducted in the courts,
not just in Congress,
450
00:29:44,616 --> 00:29:46,251
but also in the streets.
451
00:29:46,951 --> 00:29:48,419
[indistinct speaking]
452
00:30:16,815 --> 00:30:19,384
But, we already
know that, ah...
453
00:30:19,417 --> 00:30:21,452
the victim has been killed.
454
00:30:21,486 --> 00:30:23,121
Off-screen:
How do you know that?
455
00:30:23,154 --> 00:30:25,290
We-- I also cover that area.
456
00:30:25,323 --> 00:30:29,561
We are doing
investigative work there.
457
00:30:29,594 --> 00:30:33,064
[traffic & crowd chatter]
458
00:30:33,097 --> 00:30:35,133
It was the foreign media
who branded us as,
459
00:30:35,166 --> 00:30:36,634
"night crawlers".
460
00:30:36,668 --> 00:30:38,970
Actually, the group
doesn't really have a name.
461
00:30:39,003 --> 00:30:41,072
We're just a group of...
462
00:30:41,105 --> 00:30:42,740
journalists and
photojournalists
463
00:30:42,774 --> 00:30:47,412
who've tried to share our
information and to get leads.
464
00:30:47,445 --> 00:30:49,414
[dog barks]
465
00:30:49,447 --> 00:30:54,085
♪
466
00:30:54,118 --> 00:30:56,087
[dog barks]
467
00:30:56,120 --> 00:31:06,264
♪
468
00:31:06,297 --> 00:31:10,201
We didn't have much time to
gather a lot of information,
469
00:31:10,235 --> 00:31:14,372
but back in 2017,
we started to do more of
470
00:31:14,405 --> 00:31:19,210
an investigative way of
documenting things.
471
00:31:19,244 --> 00:31:23,081
And, that's where we found a
lot of inconsistencies with
472
00:31:23,114 --> 00:31:26,718
what they claim to
be police operations.
473
00:31:26,751 --> 00:31:31,623
♪
474
00:31:31,656 --> 00:31:35,593
Word on the street is that
there's this group called
475
00:31:35,627 --> 00:31:38,096
the Davao Death Squad,
476
00:31:38,129 --> 00:31:40,465
and these are, I guess,
477
00:31:40,498 --> 00:31:44,135
policemen who
are doing the killings.
478
00:31:44,168 --> 00:31:47,572
So, you have a rider,
you have a...
479
00:31:47,605 --> 00:31:50,742
the person with the gun,
they drive by,
480
00:31:50,775 --> 00:31:53,111
they shoot a
particular person
481
00:31:53,144 --> 00:31:56,581
who's reported to be a pusher.
482
00:31:56,614 --> 00:31:58,249
When somebody
kills somebody,
483
00:31:58,283 --> 00:32:01,786
it's just killing.
It's just murder, you know.
484
00:32:01,819 --> 00:32:04,055
But if government
conducts the killings
485
00:32:04,088 --> 00:32:05,857
that's extrajudicial killings.
486
00:32:05,890 --> 00:32:07,258
This, ah...
487
00:32:07,292 --> 00:32:10,762
that's how the police
operatives look like.
488
00:32:10,795 --> 00:32:14,032
They... you don't
see their faces.
489
00:32:14,065 --> 00:32:16,567
They wear shorts, t-shirt,
490
00:32:16,601 --> 00:32:18,770
and that's where they
keep their guns.
491
00:32:18,803 --> 00:32:20,571
They have these sling bags.
492
00:32:22,140 --> 00:32:25,410
Oh, I was there.
I took it from the hip.
493
00:32:29,414 --> 00:32:31,249
Yeah.
494
00:32:34,652 --> 00:32:39,958
It is very important that we
got to know Orly much better
495
00:32:39,991 --> 00:32:42,560
because through him,
we get a lot of access to
496
00:32:42,593 --> 00:32:44,595
the contact details
of the families,
497
00:32:44,629 --> 00:32:47,065
where to look for them,
where the wake is,
498
00:32:47,098 --> 00:32:50,401
where to search
for the families.
499
00:32:50,435 --> 00:32:56,674
♪
500
00:34:00,371 --> 00:34:04,876
♪
501
00:34:20,892 --> 00:34:27,298
♪
502
00:34:27,331 --> 00:34:30,301
According to the spot report,
the police claim that
503
00:34:30,334 --> 00:34:32,470
they found meth on he--
on this body,
504
00:34:32,503 --> 00:34:39,710
but the gunman was an
unidentified motorcycle gunman.
505
00:34:39,744 --> 00:34:43,481
There were no witnesses in
identifying the assailants.
506
00:34:43,514 --> 00:34:44,816
This is very hard.
507
00:34:44,849 --> 00:34:47,652
How do we start with
the investigation or...
508
00:34:47,685 --> 00:34:50,822
where do we start
with the investigation?
509
00:34:50,855 --> 00:34:53,524
The victim was already--
He surrendered.
510
00:34:53,558 --> 00:34:57,328
He surrendered in 2016,
under the drug watch list.
511
00:34:57,361 --> 00:34:59,163
That same day,
on November 1,
512
00:34:59,197 --> 00:35:03,101
they did a random
drug test on him.
513
00:35:03,134 --> 00:35:06,137
Well, we, we won't know
what the result was,
514
00:35:06,170 --> 00:35:09,974
but after, past midnight,
he was killed.
515
00:35:10,007 --> 00:35:12,844
♪
516
00:35:12,877 --> 00:35:15,113
[car honks]
517
00:35:15,146 --> 00:35:22,286
♪
518
00:35:22,320 --> 00:35:24,856
There is only Fentanyl
available in Florida.
519
00:35:24,889 --> 00:35:27,525
If you try to buy heroin,
it is only a Fentanyl
520
00:35:27,558 --> 00:35:31,629
or a Fentanyl analogue.
521
00:35:31,662 --> 00:35:33,498
This is Florida.
We've already established
522
00:35:33,531 --> 00:35:36,300
the canary in the coal mine
status, right?
523
00:35:36,334 --> 00:35:40,304
In all of Florida, there is only
one needle exchange program.
524
00:35:40,338 --> 00:35:44,008
It's a pilot program,
the state refuses to pay for it.
525
00:35:44,041 --> 00:35:46,144
We're not looking at
the science again.
526
00:35:46,177 --> 00:35:47,845
- Welcome.
- Thanks, dude.
527
00:35:47,879 --> 00:35:49,647
How you doing?
It's good to see you.
528
00:35:49,680 --> 00:35:52,817
You too.
You want to go upstairs?
529
00:35:52,850 --> 00:35:54,318
So, in the whole state
of Florida right now,
530
00:35:54,352 --> 00:35:58,356
it's you, Sun Coast Harm
Reduction Project, and us.
531
00:35:58,389 --> 00:35:59,991
- That's it?
- That's it.
532
00:36:00,024 --> 00:36:01,225
In this entire state,
I mean, that's--
533
00:36:01,259 --> 00:36:03,594
- Whole state.
- Unbelievable.
534
00:36:03,628 --> 00:36:09,500
♪
535
00:36:09,534 --> 00:36:11,969
This is the IDEA Exchange.
We're the first
536
00:36:12,003 --> 00:36:14,772
legal needle exchange program
in the state of Florida.
537
00:36:14,805 --> 00:36:16,807
What we try to do is bring
harm reduction services
538
00:36:16,841 --> 00:36:18,976
to the people of Miami.
539
00:36:19,010 --> 00:36:21,612
The whole ethos of
harm reduction is about
540
00:36:21,646 --> 00:36:24,448
meeting people where
they're at so they can
541
00:36:24,482 --> 00:36:29,120
take a step at a time
towards a better life,
542
00:36:29,153 --> 00:36:31,622
whether that better
life involves being
543
00:36:31,656 --> 00:36:34,292
abstinent from drugs or
whether it means
544
00:36:34,325 --> 00:36:36,494
still finding a
way to use drugs,
545
00:36:36,527 --> 00:36:38,863
but in a way that's less
destructive for them and
546
00:36:38,896 --> 00:36:40,464
the people around them.
547
00:36:40,498 --> 00:36:42,800
You're not hanging down
on 14th and 2nd, right?
548
00:36:42,833 --> 00:36:44,669
- I wasn't today.
- No, no, no.
549
00:36:44,702 --> 00:36:48,506
We have just completely
neglected to implement
550
00:36:48,539 --> 00:36:50,141
evidence-based strategies.
551
00:36:50,174 --> 00:36:52,677
I mean, this is
not a radical thing.
552
00:36:52,710 --> 00:36:55,046
It's literally that
people do not care.
553
00:36:55,079 --> 00:36:59,050
Like, they, they do not care
about the people that we serve.
554
00:36:59,083 --> 00:37:02,920
Just, and, I think would be
very upfront about that.
555
00:37:02,954 --> 00:37:06,924
We are decades behind,
but this isn't it.
556
00:37:06,958 --> 00:37:08,960
There were people doing
underground needle exchange
557
00:37:08,993 --> 00:37:12,597
before we got the
authorized program.
558
00:37:12,630 --> 00:37:14,932
"Outlaw".
559
00:37:14,966 --> 00:37:16,767
It's about syringe exchange,
just doing, like,
560
00:37:16,801 --> 00:37:20,104
illegal syringe exchange.
561
00:37:20,137 --> 00:37:22,673
Rebel Recovery is a harm
reduction organization at heart.
562
00:37:22,707 --> 00:37:25,309
And mainly,
it's just meant to...
563
00:37:25,343 --> 00:37:27,778
show compassion, love,
and understanding to
564
00:37:27,812 --> 00:37:30,147
a population of individuals that
565
00:37:30,181 --> 00:37:32,950
have been routinely
victimized and...
566
00:37:32,984 --> 00:37:37,855
outcast from normal society.
567
00:37:37,888 --> 00:37:39,624
So, it was really just like a...
568
00:37:39,657 --> 00:37:43,494
a movement for drug users
by drug users.
569
00:37:43,527 --> 00:37:47,698
It's not driven by
what public policy says.
570
00:37:47,732 --> 00:37:52,803
If the government won't,
we will.
571
00:37:52,837 --> 00:37:56,474
Interestingly, because of people
like Rebel Recovery and
572
00:37:56,507 --> 00:37:58,843
the IDEA Exchange who put
Naloxone into the hands
573
00:37:58,876 --> 00:38:01,145
of people who need it,
the overdose rates in
574
00:38:01,178 --> 00:38:03,481
south Florida are actually
coming down for the first time
575
00:38:03,514 --> 00:38:05,916
since the closure
of the pill mills.
576
00:38:05,950 --> 00:38:09,253
♪
577
00:38:09,287 --> 00:38:12,089
It's my first time being
invited to a meeting like this,
578
00:38:12,123 --> 00:38:15,092
not being arrested
previous to it.
579
00:38:15,126 --> 00:38:16,661
(laughs)
580
00:38:16,694 --> 00:38:20,464
Ah, I appear to be the
only one who's actually had
581
00:38:20,498 --> 00:38:24,101
experience using substances,
and common sense would
582
00:38:24,135 --> 00:38:27,605
usually dictate that if you want
to know how to solve an issue,
583
00:38:27,638 --> 00:38:29,807
talk to the people who have
struggled with the issue.
584
00:38:29,840 --> 00:38:31,609
(applause)
585
00:38:31,642 --> 00:38:34,612
Mr... Mr. Kunzelman.
586
00:38:34,645 --> 00:38:36,814
So, this is, this is
our Naloxone
587
00:38:36,847 --> 00:38:38,683
for community distribution.
588
00:38:38,716 --> 00:38:42,119
So, it's a nasal spray,
inserted into the nostril.
589
00:38:42,153 --> 00:38:44,689
[clicks & inhales]
590
00:38:44,722 --> 00:38:47,358
That's a live dose I just
put in my nose.
591
00:38:47,391 --> 00:38:50,027
So, when Naloxone's
introduced in a system,
592
00:38:50,061 --> 00:38:52,630
it rushes to the site
of opiate receptors,
593
00:38:52,663 --> 00:38:54,699
boots out whatever
opiate is in there,
594
00:38:54,732 --> 00:38:58,202
removes the effect of the
opiates on the person's body.
595
00:38:58,235 --> 00:39:01,872
Last month, we... reported--
596
00:39:01,906 --> 00:39:04,742
we had 51 reversals
reported to us
597
00:39:04,775 --> 00:39:08,412
directly from the Naloxone
that we distribute.
598
00:39:08,446 --> 00:39:10,981
There's just, there's no
greater act of compassion
599
00:39:11,015 --> 00:39:15,086
than telling somebody
that you accept them for,
600
00:39:15,119 --> 00:39:17,088
for exactly where they are
and that you see them
601
00:39:17,121 --> 00:39:19,490
as a human and that
you're willing to do
602
00:39:19,523 --> 00:39:21,592
whatever it takes to
keep them safe...
603
00:39:21,625 --> 00:39:26,764
until they're ready to make
positive changes in their life.
604
00:39:26,797 --> 00:39:30,468
Harm reduction, it's all
about trying to reduce the
605
00:39:30,501 --> 00:39:34,271
harms associated with drug use
by and among those people
606
00:39:34,305 --> 00:39:38,976
who are unable or unwilling
to stop using drugs today.
607
00:39:39,009 --> 00:39:41,278
If you ask heroin addicts,
608
00:39:41,312 --> 00:39:43,147
"What's the toughest
drug to quit?"
609
00:39:43,180 --> 00:39:44,849
What do the majority say...?
610
00:39:44,882 --> 00:39:46,450
Cigarettes.
611
00:39:46,484 --> 00:39:50,654
Yet, on the other hand,
cigarette smoking has been
612
00:39:50,688 --> 00:39:53,858
cut by at least a half,
maybe much more than that now,
613
00:39:53,891 --> 00:39:57,795
since its peak, without
anybody ever relying on
614
00:39:57,828 --> 00:39:59,530
a criminal law, or police,
615
00:39:59,563 --> 00:40:01,799
or prosecutors, or prisons.
616
00:40:01,832 --> 00:40:04,535
♪
617
00:40:04,568 --> 00:40:07,538
We need to assume that the
public health system and
618
00:40:07,571 --> 00:40:10,374
the health system, generally,
is the way to deal with
619
00:40:10,408 --> 00:40:12,877
drug use and drug addiction.
620
00:40:12,910 --> 00:40:17,715
♪
621
00:40:17,748 --> 00:40:21,318
There's a lot of people taking
pills for allergies, right.
622
00:40:21,352 --> 00:40:23,487
They have to take a pill
every day in the morning
623
00:40:23,521 --> 00:40:26,323
otherwise they will not be
able to function normally.
624
00:40:26,357 --> 00:40:29,360
That pill is a, is a
substitution drug, right,
625
00:40:29,393 --> 00:40:31,662
but people do not perceive it
as a problematic thing
626
00:40:31,695 --> 00:40:34,498
because it's done
under a medical environment.
627
00:40:34,532 --> 00:40:36,734
There's a medical doctor
that explains to the person
628
00:40:36,767 --> 00:40:39,670
that they are not
going to be cured,
629
00:40:39,703 --> 00:40:42,339
but nevertheless, there is a
treatment option that
630
00:40:42,373 --> 00:40:44,575
they can take for the
rest of their life.
631
00:41:07,898 --> 00:41:11,735
♪
632
00:41:25,149 --> 00:41:33,090
♪
633
00:41:33,123 --> 00:41:35,793
I don't trust in priests;
I don't trust in lawyers;
634
00:41:35,826 --> 00:41:38,229
I don't trust in police.
635
00:41:38,262 --> 00:41:40,397
Mostly, I don't
trust in dealers.
636
00:41:40,431 --> 00:41:43,234
But these guys, I trust them
for sure, you know,
637
00:41:43,267 --> 00:41:46,904
they are the best I have
at the moment.
638
00:41:46,937 --> 00:41:48,239
I really like
their attitude,
639
00:41:48,272 --> 00:41:51,909
their position of,
of the way they treat us.
640
00:41:51,942 --> 00:41:56,247
I was waiting for this a
long time ago and
641
00:41:56,280 --> 00:41:59,750
if this wasn't here, now,
I wouldn't be here.
642
00:41:59,783 --> 00:42:02,419
Probably I wouldn't--
I would have waken up
643
00:42:02,453 --> 00:42:05,356
two hours ago, very bad...
644
00:42:05,389 --> 00:42:07,191
on dependence of heroin.
645
00:42:07,224 --> 00:42:12,530
But now...
I can go work naturally.
646
00:42:12,563 --> 00:42:15,900
Rat Park is just a metaphor,
it's just rats.
647
00:42:15,933 --> 00:42:18,402
Human beings have,
have properties,
648
00:42:18,435 --> 00:42:21,372
which rats can't
possibly have,
649
00:42:21,405 --> 00:42:23,574
but it suggests something.
650
00:42:23,607 --> 00:42:26,377
Maybe it's the case that
651
00:42:26,410 --> 00:42:29,213
if rats are allowed
to develop their culture,
652
00:42:29,246 --> 00:42:32,416
then opioids cease
to be a problem
653
00:42:32,449 --> 00:42:36,053
for a normal society.
654
00:42:36,086 --> 00:42:39,256
Now, it doesn't mean that
the rats in Rat Park
655
00:42:39,290 --> 00:42:41,425
didn't drink any morphine
'cause they did,
656
00:42:41,458 --> 00:42:44,228
they drank a fair bit of it.
I mean, just a fraction of
657
00:42:44,261 --> 00:42:46,063
what they drank in the,
in the cages,
658
00:42:46,096 --> 00:42:47,631
but every
once in a while,
659
00:42:47,665 --> 00:42:51,302
there was a rat
who did a lot.
660
00:42:51,335 --> 00:42:54,939
I began using drugs,
age 16, smoking hash.
661
00:42:54,972 --> 00:42:57,141
17, LSD.
662
00:42:57,174 --> 00:42:59,476
At 18, heroin,
I just try it,
663
00:42:59,510 --> 00:43:01,478
not to get addicted
because heroin,
664
00:43:01,512 --> 00:43:04,582
you must learn
to get addicted.
665
00:43:04,615 --> 00:43:08,352
19, 20...
sniff cocaine.
666
00:43:08,385 --> 00:43:10,354
22, smoked cocaine.
667
00:43:10,387 --> 00:43:12,022
(snaps)
Oh! Things change.
668
00:43:12,056 --> 00:43:13,857
(laughs)
669
00:43:13,891 --> 00:43:16,594
After that, all together,
woohoo,
670
00:43:16,627 --> 00:43:19,096
and sleeping pills,
then depression.
671
00:43:19,129 --> 00:43:20,764
A high depression.
672
00:43:20,798 --> 00:43:23,567
All these mixed with
antipsychotic, hypnotic,
673
00:43:23,601 --> 00:43:25,536
anti-depressive,
sleeping pills,
674
00:43:25,569 --> 00:43:28,038
all that shit,
huh, for years.
675
00:43:28,072 --> 00:43:29,440
All that shit,
with all due respect,
676
00:43:29,473 --> 00:43:32,209
because they
help me treatment.
677
00:43:32,242 --> 00:43:34,612
Just have a little piece.
678
00:43:34,645 --> 00:43:39,116
♪
679
00:43:39,149 --> 00:43:42,086
This is already cooked.
680
00:43:42,119 --> 00:43:43,721
Because a few years ago,
681
00:43:43,754 --> 00:43:48,559
normally you don't buy it
prepared for smoke.
682
00:43:48,592 --> 00:43:50,728
I don't have too much.
683
00:43:50,761 --> 00:43:52,896
This little piece,
I already smoked.
684
00:43:52,930 --> 00:43:55,399
I buy it, 15 euros.
It depends on the place.
685
00:43:55,432 --> 00:43:57,901
Normally they sell it
at 10, already smoked.
686
00:43:57,935 --> 00:44:00,638
So, this small stuff,
it's more or less,
687
00:44:00,671 --> 00:44:03,173
it can be 10 euros,
ah, easy.
688
00:44:03,207 --> 00:44:04,742
This is crack-cocaine.
689
00:44:04,775 --> 00:44:07,678
It's... it goes very, very fast.
690
00:44:07,711 --> 00:44:11,915
♪
691
00:44:11,949 --> 00:44:13,851
I smoked already today.
I smoke it every day,
692
00:44:13,884 --> 00:44:15,686
so it's not so...
693
00:44:15,719 --> 00:44:18,188
You are always looking for
the first experience again,
694
00:44:18,222 --> 00:44:19,923
obviously,
with all the drugs.
695
00:44:19,957 --> 00:44:21,425
That's it, done.
696
00:44:21,458 --> 00:44:24,061
Even so, I don't know
if you notice, probably,
697
00:44:24,094 --> 00:44:25,596
I am changed, okay.
698
00:44:25,629 --> 00:44:27,698
And you become stupid,
and you become... you know.
699
00:44:27,731 --> 00:44:31,035
That's the problem of
cocaine and crack, mostly.
700
00:44:31,068 --> 00:44:33,370
Always the same problem.
701
00:44:33,404 --> 00:44:35,706
Are you getting high?
(laughs)
702
00:44:35,739 --> 00:44:38,208
It's not, you know,
10 years ago,
703
00:44:38,242 --> 00:44:40,044
if I was doing this,
I would have--
704
00:44:40,077 --> 00:44:41,545
Just a minute, sorry.
705
00:44:41,578 --> 00:44:43,213
I have to prepare everything.
706
00:44:43,247 --> 00:44:46,450
Somebody enters, blows
all this shit away.
707
00:44:46,483 --> 00:44:47,951
It's impossible.
708
00:44:47,985 --> 00:44:50,454
Imagine I couldn't get this.
The crack, it's the problem.
709
00:44:50,487 --> 00:44:52,089
There's no
medicine for crack.
710
00:44:52,122 --> 00:44:54,091
The guy who invents
something like methadone,
711
00:44:54,124 --> 00:44:56,794
but for crack... success.
712
00:44:56,827 --> 00:44:58,595
Perfect, huh.
713
00:44:58,629 --> 00:45:13,077
♪
714
00:45:13,110 --> 00:45:15,746
News: Of course we have some
concerns that people may see
715
00:45:15,779 --> 00:45:20,684
the law as a license
for a free drug holiday,
716
00:45:20,718 --> 00:45:22,519
but it's still
illegal to take drugs,
717
00:45:22,553 --> 00:45:24,354
buy drugs, and sell them.
718
00:45:24,388 --> 00:45:26,423
It isn't a get out
of jail free card,
719
00:45:26,457 --> 00:45:28,726
and it certainly isn't,
come to Portugal,
720
00:45:28,759 --> 00:45:31,095
we're drug free.
721
00:45:31,128 --> 00:45:33,363
♪
722
00:45:33,397 --> 00:45:35,365
We are a dissuasion
commission,
723
00:45:35,399 --> 00:45:38,936
so we are not here to try to
prevent people from using drugs.
724
00:45:38,969 --> 00:45:41,071
What we try to do is try to
prevent people from
725
00:45:41,105 --> 00:45:43,640
misusing or abusing an
illicit substance.
726
00:46:27,317 --> 00:46:30,220
Portugal is not particularly
liberal about drugs and
727
00:46:30,254 --> 00:46:32,456
they don't feel all
that kindly towards
728
00:46:32,489 --> 00:46:34,391
their junkies,
their addicts.
729
00:46:34,424 --> 00:46:36,727
What Portugal did,
when all is said and done,
730
00:46:36,760 --> 00:46:38,796
was they said, "We're
making a commitment.
731
00:46:38,829 --> 00:46:42,065
We are not going to put
people in jail for
732
00:46:42,099 --> 00:46:43,901
simple drug use or possession.
733
00:46:43,934 --> 00:46:45,402
If they're really a bad guy,
734
00:46:45,435 --> 00:46:47,404
we'll catch 'em for
something else."
735
00:46:47,437 --> 00:46:50,307
If the rest of the world could
make a commitment like this--
736
00:46:50,340 --> 00:46:51,909
'cause remember,
the large majority of
737
00:46:51,942 --> 00:46:53,310
all drug arrests in
the world are for
738
00:46:53,343 --> 00:46:55,078
simple drug use and possession -
739
00:46:55,112 --> 00:46:58,615
I think the War on Drugs would
essentially dissolve.
740
00:46:58,649 --> 00:47:01,485
♪
741
00:47:01,518 --> 00:47:03,253
If someone is caught in
the possession of
742
00:47:03,287 --> 00:47:04,421
an illicit substance,
743
00:47:04,454 --> 00:47:06,690
the police officer apprehends
the substance,
744
00:47:06,723 --> 00:47:08,926
but instead of being
referred to a court of law
745
00:47:08,959 --> 00:47:11,195
under the
Ministry of Justice,
746
00:47:11,228 --> 00:47:13,397
they are referred to the
Ministry of Health because
747
00:47:13,430 --> 00:47:16,066
90% of drug users do it
because they like it and
748
00:47:16,099 --> 00:47:18,569
10% do it because they
are addicted to it.
749
00:47:18,602 --> 00:47:22,272
So, none of those sort
of users will stop using
750
00:47:22,306 --> 00:47:24,374
because a judge tells them
that what they are doing
751
00:47:24,408 --> 00:47:27,945
is a very wrong thing.
752
00:47:27,978 --> 00:47:32,049
Rat Park helps us
to understand that
753
00:47:32,082 --> 00:47:35,118
we cannot understand
drugs simply as
754
00:47:35,152 --> 00:47:36,787
something which
affects the brain and
755
00:47:36,820 --> 00:47:38,422
changes a person
into an addict;
756
00:47:38,455 --> 00:47:42,726
that we must look at society
in a much broader way.
757
00:47:42,759 --> 00:47:45,095
I think it's very important
for people like me,
758
00:47:45,128 --> 00:47:48,732
psychologists, to realize
that we cannot treat our way
759
00:47:48,765 --> 00:47:50,300
out of the
addiction problem,
760
00:47:50,334 --> 00:47:52,903
and I also think that it
is important for
761
00:47:52,936 --> 00:47:54,738
doctors to realize that.
762
00:47:54,771 --> 00:47:56,974
You know, people are
struggling to
763
00:47:57,007 --> 00:47:59,243
try to give their life
some kind of meaning,
764
00:47:59,276 --> 00:48:01,144
some kind of center of gravity
765
00:48:01,178 --> 00:48:03,080
and they,
they latch onto addiction.
766
00:48:03,113 --> 00:48:05,849
But they're not sick:
they're desperate.
767
00:48:05,883 --> 00:48:13,423
♪
768
00:48:42,286 --> 00:48:48,492
♪
769
00:49:15,552 --> 00:49:22,559
♪
770
00:49:42,479 --> 00:49:45,082
These are the two that
were killed this morning.
771
00:50:15,946 --> 00:50:17,280
Yeah.
772
00:50:17,314 --> 00:50:21,952
On each body, they found
two sachets of shabu.
773
00:50:21,985 --> 00:50:25,088
It's kind of very ironic that
dead bodies are turning up
774
00:50:25,122 --> 00:50:29,259
with just 4 dollars'
worth of shabu on them,
775
00:50:29,292 --> 00:50:30,460
and they are dead.
776
00:50:30,494 --> 00:50:32,629
While, those people who
are engaging in
777
00:50:32,662 --> 00:50:37,768
importing billions'
worth of shabu...
778
00:50:37,801 --> 00:50:39,603
nowhere to be found.
779
00:50:39,636 --> 00:50:43,106
So, it's a pretty--
it's really unfair that
780
00:50:43,140 --> 00:50:45,308
these people who are
just mere users,
781
00:50:45,342 --> 00:50:50,781
are just...
are just getting killed.
782
00:50:50,814 --> 00:50:53,016
They have names
and faces and...
783
00:50:53,050 --> 00:50:55,285
they are
somebody's loved one.
784
00:50:55,318 --> 00:50:58,155
Hopefully, those photos,
when the time comes,
785
00:50:58,188 --> 00:51:00,123
somebody can
identify those photos,
786
00:51:00,157 --> 00:51:02,292
then give closure to
those families
787
00:51:02,325 --> 00:51:04,461
who are looking for them.
788
00:51:04,494 --> 00:51:08,899
♪
789
00:51:08,932 --> 00:51:11,968
They are usually
dropped off from a vehicle,
790
00:51:12,002 --> 00:51:13,770
brought down and shot.
791
00:51:13,804 --> 00:51:15,439
They wrap their
faces in plastic,
792
00:51:15,472 --> 00:51:17,908
in packaging tapes...
793
00:51:17,941 --> 00:51:20,243
And, ah...
leave cardboards on the,
794
00:51:20,277 --> 00:51:22,446
the dead bodies.
795
00:51:22,479 --> 00:51:24,414
It just states that,
"I'm a drug addict,
796
00:51:24,448 --> 00:51:27,484
I'm a drug pusher.
I'm a thief.
797
00:51:27,517 --> 00:51:30,587
Don't emulate me."
798
00:51:30,620 --> 00:51:34,491
♪
799
00:51:34,524 --> 00:51:36,793
We have a message that goes
against the message
800
00:51:36,827 --> 00:51:39,162
of the government,
so they don't like that.
801
00:51:39,196 --> 00:51:42,499
They don't like that
we are not saying
802
00:51:42,532 --> 00:51:44,634
what they want us to say.
803
00:51:44,668 --> 00:51:47,437
And, so what we get
are threats.
804
00:51:47,471 --> 00:51:49,773
Sometimes you see
people following you.
805
00:51:49,806 --> 00:51:54,611
Sometimes text messages
or threats.
806
00:51:54,644 --> 00:51:58,782
Does it make us fearful?
Of course, yes.
807
00:51:58,815 --> 00:52:02,953
And so, we've had to be
careful because I don't know...
808
00:52:02,986 --> 00:52:07,224
how it may affect
me or my family.
809
00:52:07,257 --> 00:52:11,728
You know, as they say,
so long as one is a monk,
810
00:52:11,761 --> 00:52:15,765
one has to go on
tolling the bell.
811
00:52:15,799 --> 00:52:19,769
There is almost 5,000 killed
in police operations and...
812
00:52:19,803 --> 00:52:23,640
maybe 25,000 killed that are
still under investigations;
813
00:52:23,673 --> 00:52:25,642
that's already 30,000.
814
00:52:25,675 --> 00:52:27,811
That number is
already very staggering.
815
00:52:27,844 --> 00:52:31,148
It could be
claimed as a genocide.
816
00:52:31,181 --> 00:52:33,917
Where have you seen that
somebody-- 30,000 people
817
00:52:33,950 --> 00:52:37,587
getting killed because of
this so-called propaganda?
818
00:52:37,621 --> 00:52:39,489
♪ [news theme music]
819
00:52:39,523 --> 00:52:41,091
During his visit to
the Philippines,
820
00:52:41,124 --> 00:52:42,926
President Donald Trump
sat down with
821
00:52:42,959 --> 00:52:45,295
President Rodrigo Duterte.
822
00:52:45,328 --> 00:52:48,098
Donald Trump has a friendlier
relationship with Duterte
823
00:52:48,131 --> 00:52:51,635
than his predecessor,
President Barack Obama.
824
00:52:51,668 --> 00:52:54,304
Obama condemned Duterte
for his violent response
825
00:52:54,337 --> 00:52:56,439
to the nation's drug problem.
826
00:52:56,473 --> 00:52:58,975
Human Rights Watch reports
that Duterte has authorized
827
00:52:59,009 --> 00:53:01,945
the killing of thousands of
suspected drug users and has
828
00:53:01,978 --> 00:53:06,082
vowed to protect police officers
from drug war prosecutions.
829
00:53:06,116 --> 00:53:13,490
[indistinct speaking]
830
00:53:18,128 --> 00:53:19,829
(laughs)
831
00:53:22,465 --> 00:53:24,568
(laughs)
832
00:53:24,601 --> 00:53:31,641
♪ (singing)
833
00:53:31,675 --> 00:53:34,277
Duterte told the audience
he sang upon the orders
834
00:53:34,311 --> 00:53:36,413
of President Trump.
835
00:53:36,446 --> 00:53:41,751
♪ (singing)
836
00:53:41,785 --> 00:53:44,421
I do it with
Ms. Pilita Corrales
837
00:53:44,454 --> 00:53:47,624
upon the orders of the
commander in chief
838
00:53:47,657 --> 00:53:48,992
of the United States.
839
00:53:49,025 --> 00:53:51,094
(laughs)
840
00:53:51,127 --> 00:53:54,497
(applause)
841
00:53:54,531 --> 00:53:59,603
Drug panics
blow on us like tsunamis.
842
00:53:59,636 --> 00:54:03,073
We distract ourselves by
paying too much attention
843
00:54:03,106 --> 00:54:04,874
to the panic of the moment
844
00:54:04,908 --> 00:54:08,712
and not enough attention
to the rising tide.
845
00:54:08,745 --> 00:54:10,614
We've got to look at it
in terms of
846
00:54:10,647 --> 00:54:13,550
a much broader view of society.
847
00:54:13,583 --> 00:54:16,219
♪
848
00:54:16,253 --> 00:54:17,454
We have a heroin epidemic;
849
00:54:17,487 --> 00:54:20,457
we've had people literally
dropping dead
850
00:54:20,490 --> 00:54:25,428
in Donald Trump's
figurative backyard.
851
00:54:25,462 --> 00:54:28,265
If you have a medical system
which is based on capitalism
852
00:54:28,298 --> 00:54:30,967
then, of course, there will be
predators involved.
853
00:54:31,001 --> 00:54:35,905
Florida is the recovery
capital of the world.
854
00:54:35,939 --> 00:54:38,908
The problem with treatment
in Florida is that
855
00:54:38,942 --> 00:54:41,945
it has been so
terribly regulated.
856
00:54:41,978 --> 00:54:45,248
♪
857
00:54:45,282 --> 00:54:46,983
I, I picked this, ah...
858
00:54:47,017 --> 00:54:50,987
sober magazine up
in a coffee shop.
859
00:54:51,021 --> 00:54:52,789
And this is the crazy part:
the ads have very little
860
00:54:52,822 --> 00:54:56,793
to do with the actual
interventions or
861
00:54:56,826 --> 00:54:58,928
the modalities that
are being used.
862
00:54:58,962 --> 00:55:01,498
That's the start of the scam,
that's the tip of the spear,
863
00:55:01,531 --> 00:55:03,600
is when you see a
deceptive ad telling you
864
00:55:03,633 --> 00:55:05,935
to come down to
Heavenly Valley Recovery
865
00:55:05,969 --> 00:55:07,537
in Delray Beach, Florida.
866
00:55:07,570 --> 00:55:09,939
When, in reality, there
are no valleys in Delray Beach,
867
00:55:09,973 --> 00:55:11,708
and I'm sure wherever
you're going may not be
868
00:55:11,741 --> 00:55:16,279
very heavenly if you're basing
it merely on an advertisement.
869
00:55:16,313 --> 00:55:19,716
All that's shown is
like luxury beds.
870
00:55:19,749 --> 00:55:21,384
Like, it looks
like a hotel ad.
871
00:55:21,418 --> 00:55:23,787
You see "hope"
a lot as a buzz word.
872
00:55:23,820 --> 00:55:26,289
This is not a 30 to 90-day
thing we're talking about.
873
00:55:26,323 --> 00:55:27,757
This is somebody's life.
874
00:55:27,791 --> 00:55:30,894
None of it is,
is centered in...
875
00:55:30,927 --> 00:55:34,397
in actual
evidence-based treatment.
876
00:55:34,431 --> 00:55:39,569
Paying to care for somebody
else's horses is accepted
877
00:55:39,602 --> 00:55:42,906
as a standard of care,
or as a selling point for
878
00:55:42,939 --> 00:55:46,776
a treatment facility, but the
idea that somebody could--
879
00:55:46,810 --> 00:55:49,412
should safe--
more safely use heroin,
880
00:55:49,446 --> 00:55:53,249
is bullshit in
this country, is...
881
00:55:53,283 --> 00:55:55,952
off, it's fucking maddening.
882
00:55:55,985 --> 00:56:00,423
♪
883
00:56:00,457 --> 00:56:03,059
This place laid the
foundation for me just as a,
884
00:56:03,093 --> 00:56:06,029
as a person, of like,
885
00:56:06,062 --> 00:56:09,366
the value of community
and hard work, and...
886
00:56:09,399 --> 00:56:12,702
you know, kindness.
887
00:56:12,736 --> 00:56:16,106
Everybody wants the visual
of a dude experiencing
888
00:56:16,139 --> 00:56:18,408
homelessness in a
fucking trench coat,
889
00:56:18,441 --> 00:56:21,378
who's living
under a bridge, like,
890
00:56:21,411 --> 00:56:23,747
jamming a spike
into his arm.
891
00:56:23,780 --> 00:56:28,451
In reality, drug use is a lot
more normalized than that,
892
00:56:28,485 --> 00:56:32,922
like, everybody gathers around
on a Friday afternoon
893
00:56:32,956 --> 00:56:38,395
after work to consume drugs
in large, large quantities.
894
00:56:38,428 --> 00:56:42,232
What is a bar but a safe
consumption site for alcohol?
895
00:56:42,265 --> 00:56:44,934
It's, it's a matter of...
896
00:56:44,968 --> 00:56:49,239
teaching people
that drug use is,
897
00:56:49,272 --> 00:56:52,075
is as American as...
898
00:56:52,108 --> 00:56:54,744
apple pie and baseball.
899
00:56:54,778 --> 00:57:06,423
♪
900
00:57:07,056 --> 00:57:09,793
Portugal was called the,
"Portuguese Experiment,"
901
00:57:09,826 --> 00:57:13,029
for the first 10 years after
the change in the law.
902
00:57:13,062 --> 00:57:14,697
And along the way,
we started being called
903
00:57:14,731 --> 00:57:16,833
the, "Portuguese Model."
904
00:57:16,866 --> 00:57:19,803
For me, I felt like the
little mice running in the maze
905
00:57:19,836 --> 00:57:21,471
when we were an
experiment.
906
00:57:21,504 --> 00:57:23,139
But now, I feel like the
little mice that
907
00:57:23,173 --> 00:57:24,974
actually got out of the maze.
908
00:57:25,008 --> 00:57:26,509
The problem is
that our maze,
909
00:57:26,543 --> 00:57:29,012
it's completely different
from all the other mazes.
910
00:57:29,045 --> 00:57:32,882
The only thing I think
people should copy from us
911
00:57:32,916 --> 00:57:34,684
was the way we did it.
912
00:57:34,717 --> 00:57:37,821
It's fairly easier for a
person to assume that
913
00:57:37,854 --> 00:57:40,557
they have an addiction problem
if along the way
914
00:57:40,590 --> 00:57:42,158
they do not have to assume that
915
00:57:42,192 --> 00:57:46,329
they also have a
criminal problem.
916
00:57:46,362 --> 00:57:49,666
For being in Portugal,
I think what makes my life
917
00:57:49,699 --> 00:57:53,503
as good as possible is
because I do what I want.
918
00:57:53,536 --> 00:57:56,506
If I do what I want in
a place where I like,
919
00:57:56,539 --> 00:57:58,708
that's the perfect storm.
920
00:57:58,741 --> 00:58:01,845
I can ride my bike;
I can do pottery...
921
00:58:01,878 --> 00:58:06,449
So, if the drugs
were not so expensive,
922
00:58:06,483 --> 00:58:08,318
that was only a
small problem.
923
00:58:14,557 --> 00:58:17,994
A lot of people that work
in the field of narcotics,
924
00:58:18,027 --> 00:58:20,530
they know that the substances
are not going away.
925
00:58:20,563 --> 00:58:22,966
They know that if
they apprehend more,
926
00:58:22,999 --> 00:58:25,301
they will just-- the drug
dealers will just
927
00:58:25,335 --> 00:58:27,804
bring more to the
market, so it's a...
928
00:58:27,837 --> 00:58:30,306
it's like a never-ending
race that they know
929
00:58:30,340 --> 00:58:31,875
they are not going to win.
930
00:58:31,908 --> 00:58:35,044
There is no place in Portugal
where you can just go in and
931
00:58:35,078 --> 00:58:38,014
buy an illicit substance and
get a receipt out of that
932
00:58:38,047 --> 00:58:39,983
because you'll still have
to go to the black market,
933
00:58:40,016 --> 00:58:42,151
there's no quality control,
there's no taxation,
934
00:58:42,185 --> 00:58:44,387
there's no nothing.
935
00:58:44,420 --> 00:58:47,390
♪
936
00:58:47,423 --> 00:58:51,661
Tiago has a lot of experience,
like, 30 years;
937
00:58:51,694 --> 00:58:54,831
that's why he still works.
938
00:58:54,864 --> 00:59:00,036
And I don't know somebody
using like him and
939
00:59:00,069 --> 00:59:05,275
how I can help him stop
cocaine or heroin,
940
00:59:05,308 --> 00:59:07,844
for me,
it's really difficult and,
941
00:59:07,877 --> 00:59:10,880
it's impossible,
almost impossible.
942
00:59:18,321 --> 00:59:27,063
[indistinct speaking]
943
00:59:31,367 --> 00:59:33,036
Normally,
this doesn't happen,
944
00:59:33,069 --> 00:59:35,638
but sometimes it's
possible to happen, okay.
945
00:59:35,672 --> 00:59:39,008
This is just because
of the fucking dealers.
946
00:59:39,042 --> 00:59:41,177
Just because, I...
947
00:59:41,210 --> 00:59:44,380
it's off, at 12:30,
they change.
948
00:59:44,414 --> 00:59:46,716
There's one guy selling,
then comes another one.
949
00:59:46,749 --> 00:59:49,385
And I respect that, but I
don't know who they are.
950
00:59:49,419 --> 00:59:51,521
But then comes,
"What are you doing?
951
00:59:51,554 --> 00:59:53,156
I didn't tell you wait!"
952
00:59:53,189 --> 00:59:55,224
Obviously, he--
the guy who sold me...
953
00:59:55,258 --> 00:59:57,827
keep the money,
and the guy who stole me,
954
00:59:57,860 --> 01:00:00,496
keep the, the drugs.
955
01:00:00,530 --> 01:00:03,333
And he went, changing
the problem to the other.
956
01:00:03,366 --> 01:00:04,400
Off-screen:
What happened to your lip?
957
01:00:04,434 --> 01:00:06,736
He, they kicked me.
There were five men.
958
01:00:06,769 --> 01:00:08,671
They kick me,
they give me a punch and
959
01:00:08,705 --> 01:00:11,174
I think my teeth is broken.
960
01:00:11,207 --> 01:00:13,176
Sorry.
961
01:00:13,209 --> 01:00:17,080
♪
962
01:00:17,113 --> 01:00:19,882
The dealer's, the problem
is they can't do nothing.
963
01:00:19,916 --> 01:00:22,218
What you tell me?
Talk to the police?
964
01:00:22,251 --> 01:00:25,188
What can I do? They can
do whatever they want.
965
01:00:25,221 --> 01:00:27,590
I have-- I need the drug!
966
01:00:27,624 --> 01:00:29,692
I'm gonna lose
this teeth, for sure,
967
01:00:29,726 --> 01:00:33,196
in several months or a year.
For sure.
968
01:00:33,229 --> 01:00:35,531
So, I'll look
like a real junkie.
969
01:00:35,565 --> 01:00:38,368
(chuckles)
I am a real junkie.
970
01:00:38,401 --> 01:00:43,773
I just want to be a human
and be treated like a human.
971
01:00:43,806 --> 01:00:49,445
What are the ways whereby
those people who love cocaine,
972
01:00:49,479 --> 01:00:52,248
who are addicted
to cocaine or whatever,
973
01:00:52,281 --> 01:00:55,284
what are the ways
in which those people
974
01:00:55,318 --> 01:00:57,553
who represent the large
share of the market,
975
01:00:57,587 --> 01:01:02,091
can get the drug they want
in such a way that
976
01:01:02,125 --> 01:01:05,328
it does not endanger the
broader public health?
977
01:01:05,361 --> 01:01:07,830
That's really the
$64,000 question.
978
01:01:07,864 --> 01:01:09,899
The Portuguese don't know
what the fuck they're doing.
979
01:01:09,932 --> 01:01:12,669
And I'll tell you why.
They just happen to have
980
01:01:12,702 --> 01:01:14,871
a policy that
decriminalized drugs.
981
01:01:14,904 --> 01:01:18,007
Drug sales are
still illegal.
982
01:01:18,041 --> 01:01:22,412
Legalization is treating
drugs like we treat alcohol.
983
01:01:22,445 --> 01:01:25,515
Why shouldn't people have
the right to use drugs;
984
01:01:25,548 --> 01:01:28,851
that's really basic.
Why?
985
01:01:28,885 --> 01:01:32,355
You got a responsible
person who pays their taxes,
986
01:01:32,388 --> 01:01:33,756
they contribute to
their community,
987
01:01:33,790 --> 01:01:35,858
they're doing all
of these things...
988
01:01:35,892 --> 01:01:41,431
Why would you want to tell those
people they can't use drugs?
989
01:01:41,464 --> 01:01:43,433
I mean, I think what we can
say about Portugal is that
990
01:01:43,466 --> 01:01:46,069
they have made it safe,
but of course,
991
01:01:46,102 --> 01:01:48,104
they haven't
solved the problem,
992
01:01:48,137 --> 01:01:51,207
nor has Canada,
nor has Sweden,
993
01:01:51,240 --> 01:01:52,709
nor has Norway...
994
01:01:52,742 --> 01:01:56,546
All these places
which are really ahead.
995
01:01:56,579 --> 01:01:58,715
I was thinking about the
paradigm shift that
996
01:01:58,748 --> 01:02:01,451
we need to make in the
field of addiction.
997
01:02:01,484 --> 01:02:04,554
And then, I saw a picture.
998
01:02:04,587 --> 01:02:07,390
So, imagine this:
it's a golf course,
999
01:02:07,423 --> 01:02:11,160
and these guys are very
intently playing golf
1000
01:02:11,194 --> 01:02:12,495
on a mountainside.
1001
01:02:12,528 --> 01:02:16,165
And across the valley,
on the facing mountain,
1002
01:02:16,199 --> 01:02:18,501
there's an inferno.
1003
01:02:18,534 --> 01:02:23,339
Now... that's a paradigm shift.
1004
01:02:23,372 --> 01:02:28,177
Those guys are
playing the wrong game.
1005
01:02:28,211 --> 01:02:32,181
They need to look up
and realize that
1006
01:02:32,215 --> 01:02:35,585
this new problem is
way more important,
1007
01:02:35,618 --> 01:02:37,520
and that's why I love
the picture, because
1008
01:02:37,553 --> 01:02:40,389
that's what we have to do in
the field of drug addiction.
1009
01:02:40,423 --> 01:02:44,694
We've got to stop playing these
drug games and look up.
1010
01:02:44,727 --> 01:02:50,032
On what basis does one
say to a parent who, God forbid,
1011
01:02:50,066 --> 01:02:53,603
has two kids addicted
to drugs - one, to heroin,
1012
01:02:53,636 --> 01:02:56,439
and the other one to alcohol -
on what basis
1013
01:02:56,472 --> 01:02:59,208
does the state say to
that mother or father,
1014
01:02:59,242 --> 01:03:02,545
"Well, that kid, the one
who's addicted to alcohol,
1015
01:03:02,578 --> 01:03:04,981
which is a deadly addiction,
dangerous to society,
1016
01:03:05,014 --> 01:03:07,316
as long as he doesn't get
behind the wheel of the car
1017
01:03:07,350 --> 01:03:08,651
or go out and
beat somebody up,
1018
01:03:08,684 --> 01:03:11,154
he's not a criminal.
1019
01:03:11,187 --> 01:03:14,390
That one, addicted
to heroin, that one,
1020
01:03:14,423 --> 01:03:16,659
I don't care if he gets behind
the wheel of a car or not,
1021
01:03:16,692 --> 01:03:18,327
I don't care if he
beats somebody up.
1022
01:03:18,361 --> 01:03:22,331
Simply possessing that
thing for his own use,
1023
01:03:22,365 --> 01:03:25,735
in the privacy of his
own room in your house;
1024
01:03:25,768 --> 01:03:27,870
that's a basis for
taking away his freedom and
1025
01:03:27,904 --> 01:03:29,338
throwing him in jail.
1026
01:03:29,372 --> 01:03:31,507
And if he is unable
or unwilling to stop,
1027
01:03:31,541 --> 01:03:33,576
we will keep putting him
in jail for the rest of his life
1028
01:03:33,609 --> 01:03:35,378
so long as he
defies that law."
1029
01:03:35,411 --> 01:03:37,513
There is not
legitimate basis,
1030
01:03:37,547 --> 01:03:40,349
in science, in medicine,
in ethics,
1031
01:03:40,383 --> 01:03:41,851
or for that matter,
the Bible,
1032
01:03:41,884 --> 01:03:45,054
for discriminating or
distinguishing among people
1033
01:03:45,087 --> 01:03:47,557
based upon the substance
they put in their body.
1034
01:03:47,590 --> 01:04:08,578
♪
1035
01:04:33,236 --> 01:04:37,240
♪
1036
01:05:49,578 --> 01:06:01,290
♪
1037
01:06:19,508 --> 01:06:28,517
♪
1038
01:06:28,551 --> 01:06:34,523
[camera clicks]
1039
01:06:34,557 --> 01:06:36,158
We have Jesus lizards, right,
1040
01:06:36,192 --> 01:06:37,994
we got big-ass lizards
out here, don't we?
1041
01:06:38,027 --> 01:06:38,861
Yeah.
1042
01:06:38,894 --> 01:06:41,664
Yeah, and we got
lots of pretty birds.
1043
01:06:41,697 --> 01:06:42,798
- Yeah.
- Yeah.
1044
01:06:42,832 --> 01:06:45,334
And we can see all the stars in
the sky at night, right?
1045
01:06:45,368 --> 01:06:48,170
There's no light
pollution at all, right?
1046
01:06:48,204 --> 01:06:50,840
We hear
chickens and roosters.
1047
01:06:50,873 --> 01:06:54,710
- Yeah.
- Yeah, we see goats and cows.
1048
01:06:54,744 --> 01:06:56,512
Your home should be
your sanctuary, you know.
1049
01:06:56,545 --> 01:06:58,080
And I just
found my sanctuary.
1050
01:06:58,114 --> 01:07:00,516
You know, we worked
our asses off to get it.
1051
01:07:00,549 --> 01:07:03,419
My family deserved all of
my fucking dedication and
1052
01:07:03,452 --> 01:07:06,288
all of my time and...
[boy laughs]
1053
01:07:06,322 --> 01:07:07,957
This is where my--
This is what I do
1054
01:07:07,990 --> 01:07:09,625
for my recovery,
you know what I mean?
1055
01:07:09,658 --> 01:07:11,627
Once I, once I got it, like,
1056
01:07:11,660 --> 01:07:14,463
there was no way anybody was
gonna take it from me...
1057
01:07:14,497 --> 01:07:17,133
'Cause I get to come home
to do this all day,
1058
01:07:17,166 --> 01:07:18,801
you know what I mean?
1059
01:07:18,834 --> 01:07:21,170
[boy laughs]
1060
01:07:21,203 --> 01:07:26,642
What are we gonna
do today?
1061
01:07:26,675 --> 01:07:30,312
Huh? Hey.
1062
01:07:30,346 --> 01:07:32,715
We're gonna
change the world.
1063
01:07:32,748 --> 01:07:34,650
We are gonna
change the world, right?
1064
01:07:34,683 --> 01:07:36,385
- Yeah.
- Yeah.
1065
01:07:49,565 --> 01:07:51,567
Huh?
1066
01:07:59,875 --> 01:08:25,134
♪
1067
01:08:25,167 --> 01:08:35,544
[crowd chatter]
1068
01:08:35,578 --> 01:08:37,146
As of now,
they covered the,
1069
01:08:37,179 --> 01:08:38,314
covered the body.
1070
01:08:38,347 --> 01:08:41,484
But later, when the crime
scene investigator comes,
1071
01:08:41,517 --> 01:08:43,219
they will open, open the...
1072
01:08:43,252 --> 01:08:46,555
remove the carton.
1073
01:08:46,589 --> 01:08:49,492
What the family
is saying is...
1074
01:08:49,525 --> 01:08:53,329
What the people are saying was
there were kids playing here,
1075
01:08:53,362 --> 01:08:54,897
playing here,
and all of a sudden,
1076
01:08:54,930 --> 01:08:58,501
these three guys who came
in just shooed them away.
1077
01:08:58,534 --> 01:09:01,170
After that,
they heard gun shots.
1078
01:09:01,203 --> 01:09:05,141
It has become
normal for, for...
1079
01:09:05,174 --> 01:09:07,443
the neighbourhood
to see dead bodies.
1080
01:09:07,476 --> 01:09:11,380
♪
1081
01:09:14,984 --> 01:09:20,456
♪
1082
01:09:20,489 --> 01:09:22,791
[whispers]
Sorry.
1083
01:09:22,825 --> 01:09:30,533
♪
1084
01:09:30,566 --> 01:09:32,034
It's nothing new here.
1085
01:09:32,067 --> 01:09:34,370
He was just sitting
outside along the street,
1086
01:09:34,403 --> 01:09:37,039
and he was shot by a
motorcycle gunman.
1087
01:09:37,072 --> 01:09:39,542
♪
1088
01:09:39,575 --> 01:09:45,548
[camera clicks]
1089
01:09:45,581 --> 01:09:51,520
[dog barks]
1090
01:09:57,026 --> 01:09:59,662
How can you not be angry?
1091
01:09:59,695 --> 01:10:08,571
[crowd chatter &
dog barking]
1092
01:10:08,604 --> 01:10:11,373
♪
1093
01:10:33,462 --> 01:11:22,845
♪
1094
01:11:22,878 --> 01:11:28,517
I was told just because I said
in a press conference
1095
01:11:28,550 --> 01:11:31,720
that not all
users are addicts,
1096
01:11:31,754 --> 01:11:36,058
and somebody messaged me
and said that
1097
01:11:36,091 --> 01:11:39,762
he hoped that my daughter
would get raped
1098
01:11:39,795 --> 01:11:45,367
by a drug, by a drug addict.
1099
01:11:45,401 --> 01:11:49,405
So that kind of violence,
so it's not just--
1100
01:11:49,438 --> 01:11:52,541
For me, it's, it's not just
about the violence
1101
01:11:52,574 --> 01:11:59,214
against users, but it's the
message that you can...
1102
01:11:59,248 --> 01:12:02,885
cure problems
by just killing.
1103
01:12:02,918 --> 01:12:07,323
[camera clicks]
1104
01:12:07,356 --> 01:12:10,826
They don't understand that
it's really just, they--
1105
01:12:10,859 --> 01:12:13,862
what they need to
focus on is poverty,
1106
01:12:13,896 --> 01:12:17,032
but they're choosing
to fight the wrong war.
1107
01:12:17,066 --> 01:12:38,854
♪
1108
01:12:38,887 --> 01:12:42,257
Most of these cases won't,
won't be resolved.
1109
01:12:42,291 --> 01:12:48,063
They will be just numbers
and statistics of the killings.
1110
01:12:48,097 --> 01:12:51,433
With this kind of impunity
that's happening right here
1111
01:12:51,467 --> 01:12:54,536
in the country,
I don't see justice.
1112
01:12:54,570 --> 01:12:56,739
I don't see anybody
getting justice
1113
01:12:56,772 --> 01:12:59,074
during his administration.
1114
01:12:59,108 --> 01:13:02,277
♪
1115
01:13:17,760 --> 01:13:22,798
♪
1116
01:13:25,934 --> 01:13:28,270
♪
1117
01:13:28,303 --> 01:13:29,972
Pender Island is the
right place for me
1118
01:13:30,005 --> 01:13:33,409
to finish up the story.
1119
01:13:33,442 --> 01:13:36,278
This whole
island was logged.
1120
01:13:36,311 --> 01:13:39,081
But, but now it's
in recovery and,
1121
01:13:39,114 --> 01:13:41,750
and we have this,
this second growth forest,
1122
01:13:41,784 --> 01:13:43,619
which is,
which is good to us.
1123
01:13:43,652 --> 01:13:46,255
This is all second growth.
And yet,
1124
01:13:46,288 --> 01:13:50,426
it makes, it makes a
beautiful forest.
1125
01:13:50,459 --> 01:13:56,265
You could say that, that I
have found Rat Park here.
1126
01:13:56,298 --> 01:13:58,967
We've got to do
something to make
1127
01:13:59,001 --> 01:14:02,938
the modern world more habitable.
How are we gonna do that?
1128
01:14:02,971 --> 01:14:05,040
Well, I think it might be
different in Portugal and
1129
01:14:05,073 --> 01:14:08,076
it might be different
in the Philippines,
1130
01:14:08,110 --> 01:14:11,580
but I think that where
we are right now is,
1131
01:14:11,613 --> 01:14:14,950
is in the stage
of awareness.
1132
01:14:14,983 --> 01:14:18,053
That's why, you know,
I do what I do.
1133
01:14:18,086 --> 01:14:20,556
We want to make sure people
are thinking because
1134
01:14:20,589 --> 01:14:25,394
once people start to think,
it decreases the likelihood
1135
01:14:25,427 --> 01:14:29,598
that you will implement
policies and practices
1136
01:14:29,631 --> 01:14:33,068
that result in the
disproportionate
1137
01:14:33,101 --> 01:14:35,771
poor treatment of any groups.
1138
01:14:35,804 --> 01:14:39,274
When people start to understand
how dirty the game is,
1139
01:14:39,308 --> 01:14:41,810
and how the game
is not based on science
1140
01:14:41,844 --> 01:14:46,081
or pharmacology,
then they're starting to think.
1141
01:14:46,114 --> 01:14:50,919
For me, my punch line
is a core principle,
1142
01:14:50,953 --> 01:14:56,592
and that core principle is
that nobody deserves to be
1143
01:14:56,625 --> 01:15:00,996
punished or discriminated
against or amongst
1144
01:15:01,029 --> 01:15:06,568
based solely upon the substance
they put into their body.
1145
01:15:06,602 --> 01:15:08,604
[phone rings]
1146
01:15:19,281 --> 01:15:22,551
[speaking Portuguese]
1147
01:15:22,584 --> 01:15:24,419
Toot-toot.
1148
01:15:24,453 --> 01:15:25,787
♪
1149
01:15:25,821 --> 01:15:28,590
Maybe sometimes I feel a
little bit guilty because
1150
01:15:28,624 --> 01:15:31,059
we are pressed to feel that.
1151
01:15:31,093 --> 01:15:33,795
We are pressed to feel we
are doing something very wrong,
1152
01:15:33,829 --> 01:15:36,265
very criminal, very bad.
1153
01:15:36,298 --> 01:15:38,233
♪
1154
01:15:38,267 --> 01:15:41,136
There will always be drugs,
so if you want to
1155
01:15:41,169 --> 01:15:43,572
solve as much as
possible the problem,
1156
01:15:43,605 --> 01:15:49,077
you just have to change the,
the attitude, period.
1157
01:15:49,111 --> 01:15:52,247
And then, we'll solve all
the other possible problems
1158
01:15:52,281 --> 01:15:54,283
that will appear as we
solved with cigarettes,
1159
01:15:54,316 --> 01:15:57,819
with alcohol, with...
with food.
1160
01:15:57,853 --> 01:16:01,256
And maybe for coincidence,
I live in a country
1161
01:16:01,290 --> 01:16:05,093
where things are changing
and it's incredible.
1162
01:16:05,127 --> 01:16:25,213
♪
1163
01:16:25,247 --> 01:16:30,552
During the earlier days
when the killings started,
1164
01:16:30,586 --> 01:16:34,222
it's more of a
photojournalistic work.
1165
01:16:34,256 --> 01:16:36,625
We look for the light;
we look for the composition;
1166
01:16:36,658 --> 01:16:38,794
we look for the angles.
1167
01:16:38,827 --> 01:16:43,899
But, right now, it really
has taken a toll on me.
1168
01:16:43,932 --> 01:16:46,969
A lot of my friends say
that I have to take a break
1169
01:16:47,002 --> 01:16:49,905
because I'm
already breaking down,
1170
01:16:49,938 --> 01:16:53,442
I'm on the verge
of breaking down.
1171
01:16:53,475 --> 01:16:57,412
But, the problem is,
there are less and less of us
1172
01:16:57,446 --> 01:17:01,083
documenting this and
how can we take a break?
1173
01:17:01,116 --> 01:17:03,452
♪
1174
01:17:03,485 --> 01:17:06,021
I've seen a lot of
horrific photos,
1175
01:17:06,054 --> 01:17:08,423
but I don't think that...
1176
01:17:08,457 --> 01:17:11,059
images of the
victims haunt me.
1177
01:17:11,093 --> 01:17:13,395
What haunts me more is...
1178
01:17:13,428 --> 01:17:16,398
the knowledge of the
killings are still continuing
1179
01:17:16,431 --> 01:17:18,200
and it will still continue
1180
01:17:18,233 --> 01:17:21,103
as long as Duterte
is still in office.
1181
01:17:21,136 --> 01:17:36,385
♪
1182
01:17:36,418 --> 01:17:38,787
Let's go put your
book in the car, okay.
1183
01:17:38,820 --> 01:17:41,590
I want to read it
in the car.
1184
01:17:41,623 --> 01:17:43,258
You can read it in the car.
1185
01:17:43,291 --> 01:17:45,127
[indistinct speaking]
1186
01:17:45,160 --> 01:17:47,429
Hold my hand.
1187
01:17:47,462 --> 01:17:50,465
You know, there has
been a dramatic change,
1188
01:17:50,499 --> 01:17:53,735
and I do credit
Justin with that.
1189
01:17:53,769 --> 01:17:56,138
And I have watched Justin
at many meetings
1190
01:17:56,171 --> 01:17:59,641
piss off people to no end.
1191
01:17:59,675 --> 01:18:02,110
I mean, God bless him
for doing it.
1192
01:18:02,144 --> 01:18:03,912
So many lives have been saved.
1193
01:18:03,945 --> 01:18:06,014
What's up, bro?
1194
01:18:06,048 --> 01:18:08,083
You doing alright?
1195
01:18:08,116 --> 01:18:10,218
Alright, bro...
1196
01:18:10,252 --> 01:18:11,586
No worries, dude.
1197
01:18:11,620 --> 01:18:13,722
If the people who
were in my situation,
1198
01:18:13,755 --> 01:18:17,259
if everybody is not
treated equally
1199
01:18:17,292 --> 01:18:19,695
under the eyes of the
whole community,
1200
01:18:19,728 --> 01:18:22,597
then we failed as a
fucking community.
1201
01:18:22,631 --> 01:18:24,766
I, I need help, man. I'm like
really having a hard time.
1202
01:18:24,800 --> 01:18:27,102
I got you, bro.
Don't worry about it; I got you.
1203
01:18:27,135 --> 01:18:28,203
- Alright, cool.
- You're good.
1204
01:18:28,236 --> 01:18:29,371
- Thank you, bro.
- You're good, yeah.
1205
01:18:29,404 --> 01:18:30,205
Alright, brother.
1206
01:18:30,238 --> 01:18:31,540
When I got put in
a position that
1207
01:18:31,573 --> 01:18:33,942
I could do something
about it, I did.
1208
01:18:33,975 --> 01:18:35,877
You know, I, I--
we can't sit around and
1209
01:18:35,911 --> 01:18:37,446
wait on the government.
1210
01:18:37,479 --> 01:18:39,381
Maybe for one person,
1211
01:18:39,414 --> 01:18:41,550
I know that somebody
doesn't have to go through
1212
01:18:41,583 --> 01:18:44,386
the same shit that I went
through in my community.
1213
01:18:44,419 --> 01:19:18,019
♪
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