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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:16,616 --> 00:00:32,332            [thunder]             2 00:00:32,365 --> 00:00:38,505                ♪                 3 00:00:38,538 --> 00:00:42,842          ♪ [thunder]             4 00:00:42,876 --> 00:00:46,112   I had no intention of being       in the field of addiction.    5 00:00:46,146 --> 00:00:49,516      I was in the field of           experimental psychology.     6 00:00:49,549 --> 00:00:52,786                ♪                 7 00:00:52,819 --> 00:00:55,955        In 1970, I was the             youngest member of the      8 00:00:55,989 --> 00:00:59,459     Faculty of Psychology at         Simon Fraser University.     9 00:00:59,492 --> 00:01:01,561    And the youngest guy gets         to teach the course that     10 00:01:01,594 --> 00:01:03,396   nobody else wants to teach,    11 00:01:03,430 --> 00:01:07,567       and that course was             called Social Issues.       12 00:01:07,600 --> 00:01:11,471    Vancouver was in the midst       of an addiction crisis and    13 00:01:11,504 --> 00:01:14,274       that meant I had to             teach about addiction.      14 00:01:14,307 --> 00:01:16,910          I mean, I knew              nothing about addiction.     15 00:01:16,943 --> 00:01:19,746      Well, my life changed                 one day when           16 00:01:19,779 --> 00:01:23,583   a student in the back of the       class raised his hand...     17 00:01:23,616 --> 00:01:28,922      And said, "Haven't you           heard about the rats?"      18 00:01:28,955 --> 00:01:33,293         We based a whole            science on isolated rats,     19 00:01:33,326 --> 00:01:36,629         a prison cell of                 isolation cages.         20 00:01:36,663 --> 00:01:40,767      They looked lethargic.        They're not doing anything.    21 00:01:40,800 --> 00:01:43,336   They're given spouts on the          wall where they can        22 00:01:43,369 --> 00:01:46,840       drink a presentation               of fluids: water         23 00:01:46,873 --> 00:01:49,275          or, morphine.           24 00:01:49,309 --> 00:01:51,644          They consume a                  lot of morphine,         25 00:01:51,678 --> 00:01:54,481      so much that they die.       They actually starve to death.  26 00:01:54,514 --> 00:01:59,185                ♪                 27 00:01:59,219 --> 00:02:02,589         So, Rat Park was                  an experiment.          28 00:02:02,622 --> 00:02:05,125    Maybe if we give the same        number of rats a place to     29 00:02:05,158 --> 00:02:07,727   live in that's comfortable,          maybe they wouldn't        30 00:02:07,760 --> 00:02:11,231    take as much of the dope.     31 00:02:11,264 --> 00:02:13,733        We built a big...         32 00:02:13,766 --> 00:02:17,070    place, with plywood walls.    33 00:02:17,103 --> 00:02:19,272                ♪                 34 00:02:19,305 --> 00:02:23,143                ♪                 35 00:02:23,176 --> 00:02:27,614   Which was basically designed   as a heaven for rats to live in, 36 00:02:27,647 --> 00:02:29,482    and we called it Rat Park.    37 00:02:29,516 --> 00:02:32,452                ♪                 38 00:02:32,485 --> 00:02:34,954                ♪                 39 00:02:34,988 --> 00:02:38,424                ♪                 40 00:02:38,458 --> 00:02:39,926         And what they've               got there is lots of       41 00:02:39,959 --> 00:02:41,961      other rats to scamper               around with and          42 00:02:41,995 --> 00:02:45,265   they got lots of opportunity        for social activities,      43 00:02:45,298 --> 00:02:47,333    and the walls are painted             so that we have          44 00:02:47,367 --> 00:02:49,802           a beautiful                British Columbia forest,     45 00:02:49,836 --> 00:02:51,437        which we all love.        46 00:02:51,471 --> 00:02:54,274                ♪                 47 00:02:54,307 --> 00:02:58,111                ♪                 48 00:02:58,144 --> 00:03:01,214                ♪                 49 00:03:01,247 --> 00:03:03,383            And then,                 we gave them the choice:     50 00:03:03,416 --> 00:03:04,384     they could have water or     51 00:03:04,417 --> 00:03:06,553       they could continue             to drink the morphine.      52 00:03:06,586 --> 00:03:08,621           We got these                results consistently,       53 00:03:08,655 --> 00:03:12,425    that the rats in Rat Park        didn't like the morphine.     54 00:03:12,458 --> 00:03:15,295          The finding is                  absolutely clear         55 00:03:15,328 --> 00:03:17,931    that the rats in isolation    56 00:03:17,964 --> 00:03:22,802  drink a lot more morphine than       the rats in Rat Park.       57 00:03:22,835 --> 00:03:25,271                ♪                 58 00:03:25,305 --> 00:03:29,142                ♪                 59 00:03:29,175 --> 00:03:32,245                ♪                 60 00:03:32,278 --> 00:03:34,480                ♪                 61 00:03:34,514 --> 00:03:39,752                ♪                 62 00:03:39,786 --> 00:03:42,088                ♪                 63 00:03:42,121 --> 00:03:44,924       I don't think we can          understand drug addiction     64 00:03:44,958 --> 00:03:46,759     by starting with drugs.      65 00:03:46,793 --> 00:03:49,996    I mean, drugs, of course,     are essential to drug addiction, 66 00:03:50,029 --> 00:03:52,832      but the larger picture                 has to...             67 00:03:52,865 --> 00:03:54,634          has to matter.          68 00:03:54,667 --> 00:03:57,003      You know, when people             have a drug problem,       69 00:03:57,036 --> 00:03:59,005       the easiest thing is              to blame the drug;        70 00:03:59,038 --> 00:04:00,540     that must be the reason.     71 00:04:00,573 --> 00:04:02,542      If they weren't using             that drug, you know,       72 00:04:02,575 --> 00:04:04,244           their lives                 would be all together.      73 00:04:04,277 --> 00:04:06,379      And it's very hard for             people to kind of         74 00:04:06,412 --> 00:04:07,880     go to that deeper level.     75 00:04:07,914 --> 00:04:10,450    Sometimes, focusing on the        bigger social problems -     76 00:04:10,483 --> 00:04:12,719          unemployment,                 lack of opportunity,       77 00:04:12,752 --> 00:04:16,422      poor education - well,          those are big problems.      78 00:04:16,456 --> 00:04:18,124          When you take                  the metaphor that,        79 00:04:18,157 --> 00:04:21,728    that sort of emerges from      the Rat Park research and say,  80 00:04:21,761 --> 00:04:24,397    well, now, how might that        be true among human beings    81 00:04:24,430 --> 00:04:27,400     'cause rats are rats and            people are people?        82 00:04:27,433 --> 00:04:29,602      Rat Park shows us that              we simply can't          83 00:04:29,636 --> 00:04:33,906       understand addiction            without understanding       84 00:04:33,940 --> 00:04:36,609       the environment that               a person is in.          85 00:04:36,643 --> 00:04:39,245                ♪                 86 00:04:39,279 --> 00:04:41,781     Even as we see progress           on harm reduction and       87 00:04:41,814 --> 00:04:45,084       drug policy reform,            the majority of nations,     88 00:04:45,118 --> 00:04:47,787      in Asia, and sprinkled       around the rest of the world,   89 00:04:47,820 --> 00:04:50,256         they're still in                  the dark ages.          90 00:04:50,290 --> 00:05:00,366                ♪                 91 00:05:00,400 --> 00:05:04,704         Philippines is a                 contrast for me.         92 00:05:04,737 --> 00:05:07,206         It's a contrast                  between a rich,          93 00:05:07,240 --> 00:05:10,209        beautiful country              with resilient people,      94 00:05:10,243 --> 00:05:13,946      but at the same time,            a country so poor that      95 00:05:13,980 --> 00:05:21,054     the people are left with         no sense of governance.      96 00:05:21,087 --> 00:05:23,456   But the Filipino people have         shown that there are       97 00:05:23,489 --> 00:05:27,627      limits to the Filipino             people's patience.        98 00:05:27,660 --> 00:05:32,465       [children's chatter]       99 00:05:32,498 --> 00:05:41,908                ♪                 100 00:05:41,941 --> 00:05:45,978 I first heard about crystal meth         in the late 90s.         101 00:05:46,012 --> 00:05:50,083        It was called the               poor man's cocaine.        102 00:05:50,116 --> 00:05:53,653    This is one of the poorest    communities here in the country. 103 00:05:53,686 --> 00:05:56,823                ♪                 104 00:05:56,856 --> 00:06:00,360    This area was designed by           former Imelda Marcos       105 00:06:00,393 --> 00:06:03,730    as a resettlement area, so       people from the provinces     106 00:06:03,763 --> 00:06:06,366        come here and the                 port is nearby,          107 00:06:06,399 --> 00:06:07,567      so when they get here,      108 00:06:07,600 --> 00:06:10,703        they don't have a              place to go to and...       109 00:06:10,737 --> 00:06:14,374        This is so most--             where most of them stay.     110 00:06:14,407 --> 00:06:18,378    The drug situation here in       the country is endemic and    111 00:06:18,411 --> 00:06:20,046          mostly in the                  poor communities,         112 00:06:20,079 --> 00:06:24,384   especially with meth because     they are the target market.    113 00:06:24,417 --> 00:06:36,062                ♪                 114 00:06:36,095 --> 00:06:39,232      Who are these people?             Why are they using?        115 00:06:39,265 --> 00:06:42,769     They are under educated           and many of them were       116 00:06:42,802 --> 00:06:46,139      doing it not just for             recreation purposes,       117 00:06:46,172 --> 00:06:49,242      some were doing it for           productivity purposes       118 00:06:49,275 --> 00:06:53,079      because it would allow           them to wash clothes;       119 00:06:53,112 --> 00:06:55,748       it would allow them              to take double jobs;       120 00:06:55,782 --> 00:07:01,020          it would allow                them to stay awake.        121 00:07:01,053 --> 00:07:03,589   Right now, you wouldn't want       to be in the Philippines     122 00:07:03,623 --> 00:07:05,425      if you're a drug user       123 00:07:05,458 --> 00:07:07,593      because it's not about              treatment here,          124 00:07:07,627 --> 00:07:10,029           it's really                   about punishment.         125 00:07:10,062 --> 00:07:11,697                ♪                 126 00:07:11,731 --> 00:07:14,534       So we are a country              in search of itself.       127 00:07:14,567 --> 00:07:17,703     It's a work in progress.     128 00:07:17,737 --> 00:07:20,373       So when Duterte came           into power in June 2016,     129 00:07:20,406 --> 00:07:22,041         he declared the                 war against drugs.        130 00:07:22,074 --> 00:07:24,377      [indistinct speaking]       131 00:07:24,410 --> 00:07:27,580       Nobody actually knew              what that meant...        132 00:07:27,613 --> 00:07:29,282    until the killings began.     133 00:07:44,831 --> 00:07:50,236      Drugs and corruption,             maybe, and crime...        134 00:07:50,269 --> 00:07:52,905        have so devastated                the country that         135 00:07:52,939 --> 00:07:57,076  a populist leader who promises  136 00:07:57,109 --> 00:08:00,346        to eliminate drugs                 in six months,          137 00:08:00,379 --> 00:08:03,015          is the hope of                    the country.           138 00:08:03,049 --> 00:08:05,885          He rode on the                people's discontent.       139 00:08:05,918 --> 00:08:08,054         And from mayor,                 somebody broached         140 00:08:08,087 --> 00:08:10,756       the idea of running                 for president.          141 00:08:10,790 --> 00:08:13,860      Unfortunate because he        never learned that there are   142 00:08:13,893 --> 00:08:16,896     things that you do in a             certain city that         143 00:08:16,929 --> 00:08:20,867      you cannot do for the               entire country.          144 00:08:20,900 --> 00:08:24,070     The drug war that we are         experiencing right now,      145 00:08:24,103 --> 00:08:27,206         I think that's a                perfect example of        146 00:08:27,240 --> 00:08:29,909        a country that is                 still maturing.          147 00:08:29,942 --> 00:08:33,045    The people are just fed up     with traditional politicians,   148 00:08:33,079 --> 00:08:35,882 all promises of big politicians,         nothing happens.         149 00:08:35,915 --> 00:08:39,418       Here comes a guy who             promised change and        150 00:08:39,452 --> 00:08:42,154   his way of solving change is      different from the others.    151 00:08:50,596 --> 00:08:52,932       There's a lot of...        152 00:08:52,965 --> 00:08:56,569         "Anyone who uses               drugs is an addict."       153 00:08:56,602 --> 00:08:58,638   "All addicts are criminal."    154 00:08:58,671 --> 00:09:03,409   He's the first politician to   offer in a presidential election 155 00:09:03,442 --> 00:09:05,545        that, "I will kill                 drug addicts."          156 00:09:16,389 --> 00:09:18,558                ♪                 157 00:09:23,796 --> 00:09:26,098          It shocked us.          158 00:09:26,132 --> 00:09:29,702       And then we realized           it's war against people.     159 00:09:29,735 --> 00:09:32,705        And that's when we               began scrambling.         160 00:09:32,738 --> 00:09:53,259                ♪                 161 00:09:53,292 --> 00:09:56,829         [crowd chatter]          162 00:10:12,945 --> 00:10:26,292                ♪                 163 00:10:34,667 --> 00:10:53,653                ♪                 164 00:11:30,189 --> 00:11:51,177                ♪                 165 00:11:51,210 --> 00:11:54,246     Florida has always been,            like, con central.        166 00:11:54,280 --> 00:11:57,249   Like, if you want to fucking      start a con-ass business,     167 00:11:57,283 --> 00:11:59,685        you go to Florida.             Like, insurance fraud,      168 00:11:59,719 --> 00:12:01,954          you want to do                  Medicaid fraud,          169 00:12:01,987 --> 00:12:05,658       or phone room scams,              time share scams,         170 00:12:05,691 --> 00:12:07,526   you come to Florida, right.    171 00:12:07,560 --> 00:12:09,628         It's just always                  been that way.          172 00:12:09,662 --> 00:12:13,632    And, the nature of people,       the nature of capitalism,     173 00:12:13,666 --> 00:12:15,134       and the nature of...       174 00:12:15,167 --> 00:12:18,137          I think that,              this hustler spirit that,     175 00:12:18,170 --> 00:12:21,140       that a lot of folks                have in America,         176 00:12:21,173 --> 00:12:23,809   is that if there's a way for          me to fucking make        177 00:12:23,843 --> 00:12:25,811 a lot of money I'm gonna do it.  178 00:12:25,845 --> 00:12:28,647    And, that's what happened.    179 00:12:28,681 --> 00:12:30,649       It, it's just like,             it's a culmination of,      180 00:12:30,683 --> 00:12:32,318        I think, a lot of,                   of things,            181 00:12:32,351 --> 00:12:33,886       and I think Florida,                at that time,           182 00:12:33,919 --> 00:12:36,355    was just a perfect storm.     183 00:12:36,388 --> 00:12:44,330                ♪                 184 00:12:44,363 --> 00:12:46,999     What you had in Florida         was this loose regulation,    185 00:12:47,032 --> 00:12:50,669       anybody could open a            clinic and treat pain.      186 00:12:50,703 --> 00:12:52,371             Anybody.             187 00:12:52,404 --> 00:12:55,341     What you had were these          unregulated pain clinics     188 00:12:55,374 --> 00:12:57,343            opening up                   nearly everywhere.        189 00:12:57,376 --> 00:13:00,346        You, essentially,                 would go in and          190 00:13:00,379 --> 00:13:02,848      you would pay somebody            cash to get an MRI.        191 00:13:02,882 --> 00:13:04,984   They would do an MRI, and as     long as you went in with the   192 00:13:05,017 --> 00:13:08,120     MRI to the pain clinic,             the doctors there         193 00:13:08,154 --> 00:13:11,490    would prescribe you, um...    194 00:13:11,524 --> 00:13:13,025           pretty much                  whatever you wanted.       195 00:13:13,058 --> 00:13:15,961      Back in 2010 and 2011,          we had more pain clinics     196 00:13:15,995 --> 00:13:19,365    in Florida than McDonald's        and Walmart's, combined.     197 00:13:19,398 --> 00:13:22,301 And then, all you needed for the    perfect storm was to have     198 00:13:22,334 --> 00:13:24,136          a ready supply                of retired doctors,        199 00:13:24,170 --> 00:13:27,640     looking to write scripts        to make some extra money.     200 00:13:27,673 --> 00:13:31,811   What state had more retired         doctors than Florida?       201 00:13:31,844 --> 00:13:34,480        While other states           developed tougher laws to     202 00:13:34,513 --> 00:13:38,818  restrict these pills, Florida,        it was open season.        203 00:13:38,851 --> 00:13:40,686         We didn't really                  have any laws.          204 00:13:40,719 --> 00:13:42,988        It was really bad,                like, you could,         205 00:13:43,022 --> 00:13:48,327   you could drive down certain        streets and just see,       206 00:13:48,360 --> 00:13:51,330    like, lines out the door,              armed guards.           207 00:13:51,363 --> 00:13:53,232       They could walk out              with prescriptions,        208 00:13:53,265 --> 00:13:57,236    not for hundreds of pills,        but thousands of pills.      209 00:13:57,269 --> 00:13:59,505        Manufacturers got                 big profits and          210 00:13:59,538 --> 00:14:00,973  distributors got big profits;   211 00:14:01,006 --> 00:14:02,441         the doctors were                making big money;         212 00:14:02,474 --> 00:14:04,276          the users were                getting their high.        213 00:14:04,310 --> 00:14:07,446        Until it all came                  crashing down.          214 00:14:07,479 --> 00:14:09,281                ♪                 215 00:14:09,315 --> 00:14:10,649     We tightened the supply.     216 00:14:10,683 --> 00:14:13,786    We made it much harder to      get oxycodone and other pills.  217 00:14:13,819 --> 00:14:15,154        But what happened                  to the demand;          218 00:14:15,187 --> 00:14:17,456    the demand didn't go away.    219 00:14:17,489 --> 00:14:18,858            The demand                  moved to a cheaper,        220 00:14:18,891 --> 00:14:22,294         more accessible                alternative: heroin.       221 00:14:22,328 --> 00:14:25,297    And today's heroin is not      your father's heroin anymore.   222 00:14:25,331 --> 00:14:27,466         This is heroin,               too often spiked with       223 00:14:27,499 --> 00:14:30,135          cheap, potent                  Chinese Fentanyl.         224 00:14:30,169 --> 00:14:34,139   The fact that the people in             government and          225 00:14:34,173 --> 00:14:36,809       law enforcement who           shut down these pill mills    226 00:14:36,842 --> 00:14:40,212   didn't have the foresight to       see the addiction crisis     227 00:14:40,246 --> 00:14:42,481   was gonna go to the street,        that addicts were gonna      228 00:14:42,514 --> 00:14:47,152      go to the street now;             that's the problem.        229 00:14:47,186 --> 00:14:49,321     Why does this continue?      230 00:14:49,355 --> 00:14:50,823         You know, we had                 methamphetamine          231 00:14:50,856 --> 00:14:53,492     immediately before this,            crack before that.        232 00:14:53,525 --> 00:14:56,228    We need to keep this going        in order to justify the      233 00:14:56,262 --> 00:14:59,031        existence of this                drug war machine.         234 00:14:59,064 --> 00:15:00,833             And so,                  after the opioid's over,     235 00:15:00,866 --> 00:15:02,334   there'll be something else.    236 00:15:02,368 --> 00:15:04,270   You can't solve this problem         by a bunch of suits        237 00:15:04,303 --> 00:15:05,671        in an ivory tower.        238 00:15:05,704 --> 00:15:07,106        You need to get on               the ground floor,         239 00:15:07,139 --> 00:15:08,307         you need to get                  on the streets,          240 00:15:08,340 --> 00:15:11,010    you need to talk to people    who know what's really going on. 241 00:15:11,043 --> 00:15:19,018                ♪                 242 00:15:19,051 --> 00:15:20,619           [dog barks]            243 00:15:20,653 --> 00:15:23,188           Hey... hey!            244 00:15:23,222 --> 00:15:27,026            (whistles)                       Go get it.            245 00:15:27,059 --> 00:15:28,861               Get!               246 00:15:28,894 --> 00:15:31,530          Worst fucking                fetch player on earth.      247 00:15:31,563 --> 00:15:33,966    He's got heart cancer now.    248 00:15:33,999 --> 00:15:36,035       Him going through it               was legit, like,         249 00:15:36,068 --> 00:15:37,803    one of the hardest things         I ever had to deal with      250 00:15:37,836 --> 00:15:40,205       in my fucking life.               I deal with, like,        251 00:15:40,239 --> 00:15:41,640          overdoses and                  I deal with, like,        252 00:15:41,674 --> 00:15:44,009       hearing about people        in our community dying and...   253 00:15:44,043 --> 00:15:47,346   It's not very personal a lot      of times just because it,     254 00:15:47,379 --> 00:15:49,181         it's hard to...          255 00:15:49,214 --> 00:15:51,483      internalize that kind         of stuff when it's, like, a,   256 00:15:51,517 --> 00:15:54,019        a normalized part                of your job, um...        257 00:15:54,053 --> 00:15:55,654         [lighter sparks]         258 00:15:55,688 --> 00:15:57,022   So you almost have to, like,   259 00:15:57,056 --> 00:15:59,658         keep it kind of                 compartmentalized.        260 00:15:59,692 --> 00:16:14,606                ♪                 261 00:16:14,640 --> 00:16:17,109    You know, I, I had my own        history with drug use and,    262 00:16:17,142 --> 00:16:18,811    and mental health, and...     263 00:16:18,844 --> 00:16:21,480     When I was homeless, I,         I went to The Lord's Place    264 00:16:21,513 --> 00:16:23,782      to get food vouchers.       265 00:16:23,816 --> 00:16:26,685   I went there to get clothes          to interview because       266 00:16:26,719 --> 00:16:28,020        I didn't have any.        267 00:16:28,053 --> 00:16:31,957     And what I found is that       there was always this stigma   268 00:16:31,991 --> 00:16:34,493         and this belief              held over me that, like,     269 00:16:34,526 --> 00:16:38,364          I had to prove              how much I wanted help.      270 00:16:38,397 --> 00:16:39,665           Yeah, we get                   you're homeless,         271 00:16:39,698 --> 00:16:41,367      we get that, fucking,          you don't have any access     272 00:16:41,400 --> 00:16:44,003         to healthcare or            anything else, but really,    273 00:16:44,036 --> 00:16:46,305         we need to talk              about you smoking crack.     274 00:16:46,338 --> 00:16:48,007     You know what; fuck you.     275 00:16:48,040 --> 00:16:50,976    I don't think people quite       understand the shame and,     276 00:16:51,010 --> 00:16:53,979     and the guilt and all of      that stuff that folks have to   277 00:16:54,013 --> 00:16:58,817     fucking go through just       to be able to show up to say,   278 00:16:58,851 --> 00:17:01,920           "Hey, I need               help with that," right?      279 00:17:01,954 --> 00:17:07,826   And I think it's much easier      for me to help drug users     280 00:17:07,860 --> 00:17:11,330       when the very act of           existing is not illegal,     281 00:17:11,363 --> 00:17:13,265      and that's essentially            what drug laws are.        282 00:17:13,298 --> 00:17:15,434        They make the very                act of existing,         283 00:17:15,467 --> 00:17:17,803         for a drug user,              their day-to-day life,      284 00:17:17,836 --> 00:17:19,138           is illegal.            285 00:17:19,171 --> 00:17:23,175       They criminalize the             person and that's a,       286 00:17:23,208 --> 00:17:25,778          that's really                  fucked up concept.        287 00:17:25,811 --> 00:17:30,015       The longer that the             sort of old thinking,       288 00:17:30,049 --> 00:17:31,784          the old way of               thinking about drugs,       289 00:17:31,817 --> 00:17:35,287     is perpetuated, it just         means the more we're gonna    290 00:17:35,320 --> 00:17:38,457     suffer higher levels of         addiction and that's why,     291 00:17:38,490 --> 00:17:40,859     you know, moving towards        drug policies grounded in     292 00:17:40,893 --> 00:17:44,363     science and compassion,         health, and human rights,     293 00:17:44,396 --> 00:17:46,698    is so pivotally important.    294 00:17:46,732 --> 00:17:58,477                ♪                 295 00:17:58,510 --> 00:18:02,748      I never liked the term              "War on Drugs".          296 00:18:02,781 --> 00:18:06,485   Because a war, it's supposed   to have a beginning and an end.  297 00:18:06,518 --> 00:18:08,754           In the end,             you either win it or lose it.   298 00:18:08,787 --> 00:18:10,289         The problem with               War on Drugs is that       299 00:18:10,322 --> 00:18:12,491 you will never get an end to it. 300 00:18:12,524 --> 00:18:15,461   There will be new substances         coming up every day,       301 00:18:15,494 --> 00:18:18,630         or every month,                   or every year.          302 00:18:18,664 --> 00:18:21,133        So, we do not know              what's ahead of us.        303 00:18:21,166 --> 00:18:23,769       What we know is that            it's not going to end.      304 00:18:23,802 --> 00:18:26,271       We are not going to              solve this problem,        305 00:18:26,305 --> 00:18:29,641       but there's a lot of            ways we can manage it.      306 00:18:29,675 --> 00:18:37,182                ♪                 307 00:18:38,884 --> 00:18:41,153                ♪                 308 00:18:41,186 --> 00:18:43,455     The major problem we had         back in the 80s and 90s      309 00:18:43,489 --> 00:18:46,625        was heroin usage.           Mostly injected heroin usage   310 00:18:46,658 --> 00:18:49,795    with all the HIV infection         involved and hepatitis      311 00:18:49,828 --> 00:18:52,464      due to the lemon juice          used in shooting heroin,     312 00:18:52,498 --> 00:18:54,967        and that was the,               the main reason that       313 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:57,002        led the government             to change the policy.       314 00:18:57,035 --> 00:19:00,739      We see people that use        drugs as victims of a crime.   315 00:19:00,772 --> 00:19:03,609       The crime being the          crime of the drug smugglers,   316 00:19:03,642 --> 00:19:05,477      the drug traffickers.       317 00:19:05,511 --> 00:19:08,747   They are the real criminals.   318 00:19:08,780 --> 00:19:12,317       We went for, we went             for the whole thing.       319 00:19:12,351 --> 00:19:14,119      We changed everything.      320 00:19:14,153 --> 00:19:18,924  I believe that these new laws     can provide a new solution.    321 00:19:18,957 --> 00:19:22,761     We are not creating any           better conditions for       322 00:19:22,794 --> 00:19:25,631     consumption in Portugal,           we are just creating       323 00:19:25,664 --> 00:19:30,269 better conditions for people who are drug addicts and need help.  324 00:19:30,302 --> 00:19:32,938          We were lucky.          325 00:19:32,971 --> 00:19:56,228          [air pumping]           326 00:20:11,677 --> 00:20:14,379            (humming)             327 00:20:14,413 --> 00:20:19,718                ♪                 328 00:20:19,751 --> 00:20:24,156            (humming)             329 00:20:24,189 --> 00:20:26,225             Come on.             330 00:20:26,258 --> 00:20:55,587                ♪                 331 00:20:55,587 --> 00:20:58,957     I like the idea of art.            I like those things.       332 00:20:58,991 --> 00:21:01,393        I like materials.                 I like colours.          333 00:21:01,426 --> 00:21:03,495          I like shapes.                 I like techniques.        334 00:21:03,528 --> 00:21:06,365         But, in general,            classic art, I don't like.    335 00:21:06,398 --> 00:21:07,699      Modern art, I don't...      336 00:21:07,733 --> 00:21:09,735  I don't know if I like because      I don't know what it is.     337 00:21:09,768 --> 00:21:11,570             (laughs)                          Eh...               338 00:21:11,603 --> 00:21:14,339       I like doing things.       339 00:21:14,373 --> 00:21:16,408                ♪                 340 00:21:16,441 --> 00:21:20,879                ♪                 341 00:21:20,912 --> 00:21:23,048      You can say ceramics,                 it's an art.           342 00:21:23,081 --> 00:21:26,852    It's different, of all the     ceramics are made by artists.   343 00:21:26,885 --> 00:21:31,356      Sometimes people ask,           "Are you an artist? Oh!"     344 00:21:31,390 --> 00:21:32,691           Understand?            345 00:21:32,724 --> 00:21:35,694       Why don't they ask,            "Are a you very good...      346 00:21:35,727 --> 00:21:37,396      or very happy potter?"      347 00:21:37,429 --> 00:21:39,398            Yes, I am.                        (laughs)             348 00:21:39,431 --> 00:21:43,201         [wheel whirring]         349 00:21:43,235 --> 00:21:44,736             You see,                sometimes I do the stuff,     350 00:21:44,770 --> 00:21:46,371        but then I need to               go out, wherever,         351 00:21:46,405 --> 00:21:50,542        and I leave it and              I don't finish them.       352 00:21:50,575 --> 00:21:57,382      [dog barking outside]       353 00:21:57,416 --> 00:22:05,057                ♪                 354 00:22:05,090 --> 00:22:07,993    21, I began my, my place,           working in ceramics.       355 00:22:08,026 --> 00:22:12,164     24, I was technician of      ceramics in the University of... 356 00:22:12,197 --> 00:22:15,500   Architecture, in the design,          industrial course,        357 00:22:15,534 --> 00:22:18,036            for years,                  always using drugs.        358 00:22:18,070 --> 00:22:20,872      I teached in a school,                  pottery,             359 00:22:20,906 --> 00:22:24,242         always having my               own potter business.       360 00:22:24,276 --> 00:22:26,878     This is 1995. There were          no half-pipe, nothing.      361 00:22:26,912 --> 00:22:29,514         There was no BMX                in Lisbon, and so,        362 00:22:29,548 --> 00:22:31,383        we made the first               half-pipe in Lisbon,       363 00:22:31,416 --> 00:22:32,384      I'm in the newspaper.       364 00:22:32,417 --> 00:22:35,554         So this photo is               from a professional.       365 00:22:35,587 --> 00:22:39,524     This is a Roland MC-303,            it's a sequencer.         366 00:22:39,558 --> 00:22:43,028  Synthesize sequencer, to make        "doo-doo-doo-doo-doo".      367 00:22:43,061 --> 00:22:44,863     I sell it for two grams                 of crack.             368 00:22:44,896 --> 00:22:47,699     This were photos I took          for purpose, it was to,      369 00:22:47,733 --> 00:22:49,768   to give to an agent because         sometimes I wanted to       370 00:22:49,801 --> 00:22:53,372        do figuration, so            you need photos for them.     371 00:22:53,405 --> 00:22:57,275    And these, these I really      love it 'cause it's my daddy.   372 00:22:57,309 --> 00:22:59,745   I really like my expression.        I like all the things,      373 00:22:59,778 --> 00:23:03,648       and it's 19... 1977.       374 00:23:03,682 --> 00:23:07,652                ♪                 375 00:23:07,686 --> 00:23:10,522     There are guys, I think,         like me. I get addicted,     376 00:23:10,555 --> 00:23:15,861 and now it's difficult to go out because I still want to use it.  377 00:23:15,894 --> 00:23:17,829       That's the question;           you're not even addicted     378 00:23:17,863 --> 00:23:21,733   to one drug, you're addicted         to alterated states.       379 00:23:21,767 --> 00:23:24,503   And that's the, the balance         and the fight between       380 00:23:24,536 --> 00:23:28,840    crack, heroin, methadone.     381 00:23:28,874 --> 00:23:31,676   Cannot feel like a criminal,            so I must show          382 00:23:31,710 --> 00:23:34,780      I don't feel like I'm                doing a crime.          383 00:23:36,548 --> 00:23:43,755            [thunder]             384 00:23:43,789 --> 00:23:45,857  When I think about addiction,   385 00:23:45,891 --> 00:23:48,393    I think about the work of     386 00:23:48,427 --> 00:23:52,364  one of my favourite Canadians,        of Bruce Alexander.        387 00:23:52,397 --> 00:23:55,734    He showed that rats raised       in an enriched environment    388 00:23:55,767 --> 00:23:59,938   are far less likely to take       drugs than rats raised in     389 00:23:59,971 --> 00:24:02,307           a barren or                 desolate environment.       390 00:24:02,340 --> 00:24:07,045    We thought we'd bring that     idea to the human laboratory.   391 00:24:07,078 --> 00:24:12,150     We tested the impact of      having an alternative reinforcer 392 00:24:12,184 --> 00:24:15,821   or an attractive alternative      to cocaine, crack-cocaine,    393 00:24:15,854 --> 00:24:19,491     as a choice, so we allow          people to either take       394 00:24:19,524 --> 00:24:23,695   a certain amount of money or     take a hit of crack cocaine.   395 00:24:23,728 --> 00:24:27,833    And what you find is that         when your alternative is     396 00:24:27,866 --> 00:24:29,901          high enough or                 attractive enough,        397 00:24:29,935 --> 00:24:32,037        like the amount of             money is large enough,      398 00:24:32,070 --> 00:24:34,673    you would get those folks         actually choosing money      399 00:24:34,706 --> 00:24:36,408    over their drug of choice.    400 00:24:36,441 --> 00:24:38,844         Just shows that             people behave rationally,     401 00:24:38,877 --> 00:24:40,745    even people who use drugs,    402 00:24:40,779 --> 00:24:43,381        even people who we               call drug addicts.        403 00:24:43,415 --> 00:24:46,418    This work grew out of the         work of Bruce Alexander      404 00:24:46,451 --> 00:24:50,355        who did this sort                 of work in rats.         405 00:24:50,388 --> 00:24:52,757                ♪                 406 00:24:52,791 --> 00:24:55,427      You can only learn so          much by studying rats and     407 00:24:55,460 --> 00:24:59,364     we found something that           I think was important.      408 00:24:59,397 --> 00:25:02,534    I mean, what's surprising        is how active rats are in,    409 00:25:02,567 --> 00:25:05,303           in society.                  They're always busy,       410 00:25:05,337 --> 00:25:08,507      except the occasional            moment for meditation.      411 00:25:08,540 --> 00:25:11,843       But, but, basically,           they're always busy and      412 00:25:11,877 --> 00:25:14,479   rats in cages are not busy,       they've got nothing to do.    413 00:25:14,513 --> 00:25:16,047        They got no life.         414 00:25:16,081 --> 00:25:18,884     Well, that seems like a           pretty good metaphor.       415 00:25:18,917 --> 00:25:21,987      I spent the rest of my        career trying to figure out    416 00:25:22,020 --> 00:25:24,723    where that metaphor goes.     417 00:25:24,756 --> 00:25:27,993      Under what conditions              would people adopt        418 00:25:28,026 --> 00:25:30,362  a self-destructive addiction?   419 00:25:30,395 --> 00:25:33,832     I think that the answer         lies along the lines that     420 00:25:33,865 --> 00:25:36,501      everybody would choose            to have a healthful,       421 00:25:36,535 --> 00:25:40,071       happy life, but what              if that's blocked?        422 00:25:40,105 --> 00:25:42,574    You know, most people who        are opioid addicts are not    423 00:25:42,607 --> 00:25:46,344     in cages, but maybe the           cages are a metaphor;       424 00:25:46,378 --> 00:25:48,880         maybe there are                cages we don't see.        425 00:25:48,914 --> 00:25:57,255                ♪                 426 00:25:57,289 --> 00:25:58,857   In understanding addiction,    427 00:25:58,890 --> 00:26:02,961    it's about the culture in           which we're living.        428 00:26:02,994 --> 00:26:06,865    The Philippines is a very          sad situation because       429 00:26:06,898 --> 00:26:10,802         here you have an           outrageous leader, Duterte,    430 00:26:10,835 --> 00:26:16,308     and he's engaging in an        extrajudicial war on drugs,    431 00:26:16,341 --> 00:26:20,211    basically telling security         forces and police that      432 00:26:20,245 --> 00:26:22,647      they should feel free          to kill anybody that they     433 00:26:22,681 --> 00:26:27,819 think's involved in drugs at all    and he'll have their back.    434 00:26:27,852 --> 00:26:30,221       The thing that's so               tragic about this,        435 00:26:30,255 --> 00:26:33,525    it's not just the loss of       life and a sense of terror,    436 00:26:33,558 --> 00:26:37,495   it's also that his policy is            supported by a          437 00:26:37,529 --> 00:26:40,899   majority of the population,         so far as we can tell.      438 00:26:40,932 --> 00:26:55,246                ♪                 439 00:27:27,612 --> 00:27:36,821                ♪                 440 00:27:36,855 --> 00:27:58,143         [crowd chatter]          441 00:28:28,006 --> 00:28:32,510           [scrubbing]            442 00:29:07,545 --> 00:29:16,855                ♪                 443 00:29:16,888 --> 00:29:21,259       People are afraid...       444 00:29:21,292 --> 00:29:24,095     But there, there is work         being done on the ground     445 00:29:24,129 --> 00:29:29,934     to document the killings        because the sentiment is,     446 00:29:29,968 --> 00:29:33,705        one day, when this               leader steps down,        447 00:29:33,738 --> 00:29:36,441       he will get his due.       448 00:29:36,474 --> 00:29:40,578    The battle for reforms in       this country cannot just be    449 00:29:40,612 --> 00:29:44,582     conducted in the courts,          not just in Congress,       450 00:29:44,616 --> 00:29:46,251     but also in the streets.     451 00:29:46,951 --> 00:29:48,419      [indistinct speaking]       452 00:30:16,815 --> 00:30:19,384         But, we already                  know that, ah...         453 00:30:19,417 --> 00:30:21,452   the victim has been killed.    454 00:30:21,486 --> 00:30:23,121            Off-screen:                 How do you know that?      455 00:30:23,154 --> 00:30:25,290   We-- I also cover that area.   456 00:30:25,323 --> 00:30:29,561           We are doing              investigative work there.     457 00:30:29,594 --> 00:30:33,064    [traffic & crowd chatter]     458 00:30:33,097 --> 00:30:35,133     It was the foreign media            who branded us as,        459 00:30:35,166 --> 00:30:36,634        "night crawlers".         460 00:30:36,668 --> 00:30:38,970       Actually, the group          doesn't really have a name.    461 00:30:39,003 --> 00:30:41,072     We're just a group of...     462 00:30:41,105 --> 00:30:42,740         journalists and                  photojournalists         463 00:30:42,774 --> 00:30:47,412    who've tried to share our      information and to get leads.   464 00:30:47,445 --> 00:30:49,414           [dog barks]            465 00:30:49,447 --> 00:30:54,085                ♪                 466 00:30:54,118 --> 00:30:56,087           [dog barks]            467 00:30:56,120 --> 00:31:06,264                ♪                 468 00:31:06,297 --> 00:31:10,201   We didn't have much time to      gather a lot of information,   469 00:31:10,235 --> 00:31:14,372        but back in 2017,             we started to do more of     470 00:31:14,405 --> 00:31:19,210     an investigative way of            documenting things.        471 00:31:19,244 --> 00:31:23,081   And, that's where we found a     lot of inconsistencies with    472 00:31:23,114 --> 00:31:26,718        what they claim to             be police operations.       473 00:31:26,751 --> 00:31:31,623                ♪                 474 00:31:31,656 --> 00:31:35,593    Word on the street is that       there's this group called     475 00:31:35,627 --> 00:31:38,096      the Davao Death Squad,      476 00:31:38,129 --> 00:31:40,465     and these are, I guess,      477 00:31:40,498 --> 00:31:44,135          policemen who               are doing the killings.      478 00:31:44,168 --> 00:31:47,572      So, you have a rider,                you have a...           479 00:31:47,605 --> 00:31:50,742     the person with the gun,              they drive by,          480 00:31:50,775 --> 00:31:53,111           they shoot a                  particular person         481 00:31:53,144 --> 00:31:56,581  who's reported to be a pusher.  482 00:31:56,614 --> 00:31:58,249          When somebody                   kills somebody,          483 00:31:58,283 --> 00:32:01,786        it's just killing.          It's just murder, you know.    484 00:32:01,819 --> 00:32:04,055        But if government              conducts the killings       485 00:32:04,088 --> 00:32:05,857  that's extrajudicial killings.  486 00:32:05,890 --> 00:32:07,258           This, ah...            487 00:32:07,292 --> 00:32:10,762      that's how the police            operatives look like.       488 00:32:10,795 --> 00:32:14,032        They... you don't                 see their faces.         489 00:32:14,065 --> 00:32:16,567    They wear shorts, t-shirt,    490 00:32:16,601 --> 00:32:18,770      and that's where they               keep their guns.         491 00:32:18,803 --> 00:32:20,571   They have these sling bags.    492 00:32:22,140 --> 00:32:25,410         Oh, I was there.             I took it from the hip.      493 00:32:29,414 --> 00:32:31,249              Yeah.               494 00:32:34,652 --> 00:32:39,958   It is very important that we     got to know Orly much better   495 00:32:39,991 --> 00:32:42,560       because through him,          we get a lot of access to     496 00:32:42,593 --> 00:32:44,595       the contact details                of the families,         497 00:32:44,629 --> 00:32:47,065     where to look for them,             where the wake is,        498 00:32:47,098 --> 00:32:50,401         where to search                 for the families.         499 00:32:50,435 --> 00:32:56,674                ♪                 500 00:34:00,371 --> 00:34:04,876                ♪                 501 00:34:20,892 --> 00:34:27,298                ♪                 502 00:34:27,331 --> 00:34:30,301  According to the spot report,        the police claim that       503 00:34:30,334 --> 00:34:32,470     they found meth on he--               on this body,           504 00:34:32,503 --> 00:34:39,710      but the gunman was an       unidentified motorcycle gunman.  505 00:34:39,744 --> 00:34:43,481    There were no witnesses in      identifying the assailants.    506 00:34:43,514 --> 00:34:44,816        This is very hard.        507 00:34:44,849 --> 00:34:47,652       How do we start with           the investigation or...      508 00:34:47,685 --> 00:34:50,822        where do we start             with the investigation?      509 00:34:50,855 --> 00:34:53,524     The victim was already--             He surrendered.          510 00:34:53,558 --> 00:34:57,328     He surrendered in 2016,         under the drug watch list.    511 00:34:57,361 --> 00:34:59,163          That same day,                   on November 1,          512 00:34:59,197 --> 00:35:03,101        they did a random                drug test on him.         513 00:35:03,134 --> 00:35:06,137     Well, we, we won't know            what the result was,       514 00:35:06,170 --> 00:35:09,974    but after, past midnight,              he was killed.          515 00:35:10,007 --> 00:35:12,844                ♪                 516 00:35:12,877 --> 00:35:15,113           [car honks]            517 00:35:15,146 --> 00:35:22,286                ♪                 518 00:35:22,320 --> 00:35:24,856      There is only Fentanyl           available in Florida.       519 00:35:24,889 --> 00:35:27,525    If you try to buy heroin,          it is only a Fentanyl       520 00:35:27,558 --> 00:35:31,629     or a Fentanyl analogue.      521 00:35:31,662 --> 00:35:33,498         This is Florida.            We've already established     522 00:35:33,531 --> 00:35:36,300   the canary in the coal mine             status, right?          523 00:35:36,334 --> 00:35:40,304 In all of Florida, there is only   one needle exchange program.   524 00:35:40,338 --> 00:35:44,008      It's a pilot program,       the state refuses to pay for it. 525 00:35:44,041 --> 00:35:46,144       We're not looking at              the science again.        526 00:35:46,177 --> 00:35:47,845            - Welcome.                    - Thanks, dude.          527 00:35:47,879 --> 00:35:49,647          How you doing?               It's good to see you.       528 00:35:49,680 --> 00:35:52,817             You too.                 You want to go upstairs?     529 00:35:52,850 --> 00:35:54,318      So, in the whole state           of Florida right now,       530 00:35:54,352 --> 00:35:58,356     it's you, Sun Coast Harm        Reduction Project, and us.    531 00:35:58,389 --> 00:35:59,991           - That's it?                     - That's it.           532 00:36:00,024 --> 00:36:01,225      In this entire state,               I mean, that's--         533 00:36:01,259 --> 00:36:03,594          - Whole state.                  - Unbelievable.          534 00:36:03,628 --> 00:36:09,500                ♪                 535 00:36:09,534 --> 00:36:11,969    This is the IDEA Exchange.            We're the first          536 00:36:12,003 --> 00:36:14,772  legal needle exchange program       in the state of Florida.     537 00:36:14,805 --> 00:36:16,807    What we try to do is bring        harm reduction services      538 00:36:16,841 --> 00:36:18,976     to the people of Miami.      539 00:36:19,010 --> 00:36:21,612        The whole ethos of            harm reduction is about      540 00:36:21,646 --> 00:36:24,448       meeting people where            they're at so they can      541 00:36:24,482 --> 00:36:29,120      take a step at a time            towards a better life,      542 00:36:29,153 --> 00:36:31,622       whether that better              life involves being        543 00:36:31,656 --> 00:36:34,292     abstinent from drugs or              whether it means         544 00:36:34,325 --> 00:36:36,494         still finding a                 way to use drugs,         545 00:36:36,527 --> 00:36:38,863     but in a way that's less         destructive for them and     546 00:36:38,896 --> 00:36:40,464     the people around them.      547 00:36:40,498 --> 00:36:42,800     You're not hanging down          on 14th and 2nd, right?      548 00:36:42,833 --> 00:36:44,669        - I wasn't today.                  - No, no, no.           549 00:36:44,702 --> 00:36:48,506     We have just completely           neglected to implement      550 00:36:48,539 --> 00:36:50,141    evidence-based strategies.    551 00:36:50,174 --> 00:36:52,677         I mean, this is                not a radical thing.       552 00:36:52,710 --> 00:36:55,046       It's literally that              people do not care.        553 00:36:55,079 --> 00:36:59,050   Like, they, they do not care   about the people that we serve.  554 00:36:59,083 --> 00:37:02,920   Just, and, I think would be        very upfront about that.     555 00:37:02,954 --> 00:37:06,924      We are decades behind,             but this isn't it.        556 00:37:06,958 --> 00:37:08,960     There were people doing        underground needle exchange    557 00:37:08,993 --> 00:37:12,597        before we got the               authorized program.        558 00:37:12,630 --> 00:37:14,932            "Outlaw".             559 00:37:14,966 --> 00:37:16,767   It's about syringe exchange,          just doing, like,         560 00:37:16,801 --> 00:37:20,104    illegal syringe exchange.     561 00:37:20,137 --> 00:37:22,673     Rebel Recovery is a harm     reduction organization at heart. 562 00:37:22,707 --> 00:37:25,309           And mainly,                 it's just meant to...       563 00:37:25,343 --> 00:37:27,778      show compassion, love,            and understanding to       564 00:37:27,812 --> 00:37:30,147 a population of individuals that 565 00:37:30,181 --> 00:37:32,950       have been routinely               victimized and...         566 00:37:32,984 --> 00:37:37,855   outcast from normal society.   567 00:37:37,888 --> 00:37:39,624 So, it was really just like a... 568 00:37:39,657 --> 00:37:43,494    a movement for drug users              by drug users.          569 00:37:43,527 --> 00:37:47,698        It's not driven by            what public policy says.     570 00:37:47,732 --> 00:37:52,803     If the government won't,                 we will.             571 00:37:52,837 --> 00:37:56,474 Interestingly, because of people     like Rebel Recovery and      572 00:37:56,507 --> 00:37:58,843    the IDEA Exchange who put         Naloxone into the hands      573 00:37:58,876 --> 00:38:01,145      of people who need it,           the overdose rates in       574 00:38:01,178 --> 00:38:03,481    south Florida are actually     coming down for the first time  575 00:38:03,514 --> 00:38:05,916        since the closure                of the pill mills.        576 00:38:05,950 --> 00:38:09,253                ♪                 577 00:38:09,287 --> 00:38:12,089     It's my first time being     invited to a meeting like this,  578 00:38:12,123 --> 00:38:15,092        not being arrested                previous to it.          579 00:38:15,126 --> 00:38:16,661             (laughs)             580 00:38:16,694 --> 00:38:20,464      Ah, I appear to be the        only one who's actually had    581 00:38:20,498 --> 00:38:24,101   experience using substances,        and common sense would      582 00:38:24,135 --> 00:38:27,605 usually dictate that if you want  to know how to solve an issue,  583 00:38:27,638 --> 00:38:29,807   talk to the people who have       struggled with the issue.     584 00:38:29,840 --> 00:38:31,609            (applause)            585 00:38:31,642 --> 00:38:34,612       Mr... Mr. Kunzelman.       586 00:38:34,645 --> 00:38:36,814       So, this is, this is                 our Naloxone           587 00:38:36,847 --> 00:38:38,683   for community distribution.    588 00:38:38,716 --> 00:38:42,119     So, it's a nasal spray,         inserted into the nostril.    589 00:38:42,153 --> 00:38:44,689        [clicks & inhales]        590 00:38:44,722 --> 00:38:47,358    That's a live dose I just             put in my nose.          591 00:38:47,391 --> 00:38:50,027       So, when Naloxone's            introduced in a system,      592 00:38:50,061 --> 00:38:52,630      it rushes to the site             of opiate receptors,       593 00:38:52,663 --> 00:38:54,699        boots out whatever              opiate is in there,        594 00:38:54,732 --> 00:38:58,202    removes the effect of the      opiates on the person's body.   595 00:38:58,235 --> 00:39:01,872   Last month, we... reported--   596 00:39:01,906 --> 00:39:04,742       we had 51 reversals                 reported to us          597 00:39:04,775 --> 00:39:08,412    directly from the Naloxone          that we distribute.        598 00:39:08,446 --> 00:39:10,981     There's just, there's no        greater act of compassion     599 00:39:11,015 --> 00:39:15,086      than telling somebody          that you accept them for,     600 00:39:15,119 --> 00:39:17,088    for exactly where they are         and that you see them       601 00:39:17,121 --> 00:39:19,490       as a human and that              you're willing to do       602 00:39:19,523 --> 00:39:21,592       whatever it takes to              keep them safe...         603 00:39:21,625 --> 00:39:26,764   until they're ready to make    positive changes in their life.  604 00:39:26,797 --> 00:39:30,468     Harm reduction, it's all        about trying to reduce the    605 00:39:30,501 --> 00:39:34,271  harms associated with drug use     by and among those people     606 00:39:34,305 --> 00:39:38,976   who are unable or unwilling       to stop using drugs today.    607 00:39:39,009 --> 00:39:41,278    If you ask heroin addicts,    608 00:39:41,312 --> 00:39:43,147       "What's the toughest                drug to quit?"          609 00:39:43,180 --> 00:39:44,849   What do the majority say...?   610 00:39:44,882 --> 00:39:46,450           Cigarettes.            611 00:39:46,484 --> 00:39:50,654     Yet, on the other hand,         cigarette smoking has been    612 00:39:50,688 --> 00:39:53,858     cut by at least a half,       maybe much more than that now,  613 00:39:53,891 --> 00:39:57,795     since its peak, without          anybody ever relying on      614 00:39:57,828 --> 00:39:59,530    a criminal law, or police,    615 00:39:59,563 --> 00:40:01,799   or prosecutors, or prisons.    616 00:40:01,832 --> 00:40:04,535                ♪                 617 00:40:04,568 --> 00:40:07,538    We need to assume that the        public health system and     618 00:40:07,571 --> 00:40:10,374  the health system, generally,       is the way to deal with      619 00:40:10,408 --> 00:40:12,877   drug use and drug addiction.   620 00:40:12,910 --> 00:40:17,715                ♪                 621 00:40:17,748 --> 00:40:21,318  There's a lot of people taking    pills for allergies, right.    622 00:40:21,352 --> 00:40:23,487     They have to take a pill         every day in the morning     623 00:40:23,521 --> 00:40:26,323    otherwise they will not be       able to function normally.    624 00:40:26,357 --> 00:40:29,360       That pill is a, is a          substitution drug, right,     625 00:40:29,393 --> 00:40:31,662  but people do not perceive it        as a problematic thing      626 00:40:31,695 --> 00:40:34,498        because it's done           under a medical environment.   627 00:40:34,532 --> 00:40:36,734     There's a medical doctor       that explains to the person    628 00:40:36,767 --> 00:40:39,670        that they are not                going to be cured,        629 00:40:39,703 --> 00:40:42,339   but nevertheless, there is a        treatment option that       630 00:40:42,373 --> 00:40:44,575      they can take for the             rest of their life.        631 00:41:07,898 --> 00:41:11,735                ♪                 632 00:41:25,149 --> 00:41:33,090                ♪                 633 00:41:33,123 --> 00:41:35,793    I don't trust in priests;        I don't trust in lawyers;     634 00:41:35,826 --> 00:41:38,229     I don't trust in police.     635 00:41:38,262 --> 00:41:40,397         Mostly, I don't                 trust in dealers.         636 00:41:40,431 --> 00:41:43,234   But these guys, I trust them         for sure, you know,        637 00:41:43,267 --> 00:41:46,904     they are the best I have              at the moment.          638 00:41:46,937 --> 00:41:48,239          I really like                   their attitude,          639 00:41:48,272 --> 00:41:51,909        their position of,           of the way they treat us.     640 00:41:51,942 --> 00:41:56,247     I was waiting for this a            long time ago and         641 00:41:56,280 --> 00:41:59,750    if this wasn't here, now,           I wouldn't be here.        642 00:41:59,783 --> 00:42:02,419      Probably I wouldn't--            I would have waken up       643 00:42:02,453 --> 00:42:05,356    two hours ago, very bad...    644 00:42:05,389 --> 00:42:07,191     on dependence of heroin.     645 00:42:07,224 --> 00:42:12,530            But now...                I can go work naturally.     646 00:42:12,563 --> 00:42:15,900   Rat Park is just a metaphor,           it's just rats.          647 00:42:15,933 --> 00:42:18,402        Human beings have,                have properties,         648 00:42:18,435 --> 00:42:21,372         which rats can't                  possibly have,          649 00:42:21,405 --> 00:42:23,574    but it suggests something.    650 00:42:23,607 --> 00:42:26,377     Maybe it's the case that     651 00:42:26,410 --> 00:42:29,213       if rats are allowed           to develop their culture,     652 00:42:29,246 --> 00:42:32,416        then opioids cease                to be a problem          653 00:42:32,449 --> 00:42:36,053      for a normal society.       654 00:42:36,086 --> 00:42:39,256    Now, it doesn't mean that           the rats in Rat Park       655 00:42:39,290 --> 00:42:41,425    didn't drink any morphine             'cause they did,         656 00:42:41,458 --> 00:42:44,228   they drank a fair bit of it.      I mean, just a fraction of    657 00:42:44,261 --> 00:42:46,063     what they drank in the,               in the cages,           658 00:42:46,096 --> 00:42:47,631            but every                     once in a while,         659 00:42:47,665 --> 00:42:51,302         there was a rat                   who did a lot.          660 00:42:51,335 --> 00:42:54,939       I began using drugs,            age 16, smoking hash.       661 00:42:54,972 --> 00:42:57,141             17, LSD.             662 00:42:57,174 --> 00:42:59,476          At 18, heroin,                   I just try it,          663 00:42:59,510 --> 00:43:01,478       not to get addicted                because heroin,          664 00:43:01,512 --> 00:43:04,582          you must learn                  to get addicted.         665 00:43:04,615 --> 00:43:08,352            19, 20...                      sniff cocaine.          666 00:43:08,385 --> 00:43:10,354       22, smoked cocaine.        667 00:43:10,387 --> 00:43:12,022             (snaps)                     Oh! Things change.        668 00:43:12,056 --> 00:43:13,857             (laughs)             669 00:43:13,891 --> 00:43:16,594    After that, all together,                 woohoo,              670 00:43:16,627 --> 00:43:19,096       and sleeping pills,                then depression.         671 00:43:19,129 --> 00:43:20,764        A high depression.        672 00:43:20,798 --> 00:43:23,567       All these mixed with           antipsychotic, hypnotic,     673 00:43:23,601 --> 00:43:25,536         anti-depressive,                 sleeping pills,          674 00:43:25,569 --> 00:43:28,038          all that shit,                  huh, for years.          675 00:43:28,072 --> 00:43:29,440          All that shit,               with all due respect,       676 00:43:29,473 --> 00:43:32,209           because they                  help me treatment.        677 00:43:32,242 --> 00:43:34,612    Just have a little piece.     678 00:43:34,645 --> 00:43:39,116                ♪                 679 00:43:39,149 --> 00:43:42,086     This is already cooked.      680 00:43:42,119 --> 00:43:43,721     Because a few years ago,     681 00:43:43,754 --> 00:43:48,559    normally you don't buy it           prepared for smoke.        682 00:43:48,592 --> 00:43:50,728      I don't have too much.      683 00:43:50,761 --> 00:43:52,896        This little piece,               I already smoked.         684 00:43:52,930 --> 00:43:55,399       I buy it, 15 euros.            It depends on the place.     685 00:43:55,432 --> 00:43:57,901      Normally they sell it            at 10, already smoked.      686 00:43:57,935 --> 00:44:00,638      So, this small stuff,              it's more or less,        687 00:44:00,671 --> 00:44:03,173       it can be 10 euros,                   ah, easy.             688 00:44:03,207 --> 00:44:04,742      This is crack-cocaine.      689 00:44:04,775 --> 00:44:07,678 It's... it goes very, very fast. 690 00:44:07,711 --> 00:44:11,915                ♪                 691 00:44:11,949 --> 00:44:13,851     I smoked already today.           I smoke it every day,       692 00:44:13,884 --> 00:44:15,686        so it's not so...         693 00:44:15,719 --> 00:44:18,188    You are always looking for      the first experience again,    694 00:44:18,222 --> 00:44:19,923            obviously,                  with all the drugs.        695 00:44:19,957 --> 00:44:21,425         That's it, done.         696 00:44:21,458 --> 00:44:24,061      Even so, I don't know           if you notice, probably,     697 00:44:24,094 --> 00:44:25,596       I am changed, okay.        698 00:44:25,629 --> 00:44:27,698      And you become stupid,        and you become... you know.    699 00:44:27,731 --> 00:44:31,035      That's the problem of          cocaine and crack, mostly.    700 00:44:31,068 --> 00:44:33,370     Always the same problem.     701 00:44:33,404 --> 00:44:35,706      Are you getting high?                   (laughs)             702 00:44:35,739 --> 00:44:38,208       It's not, you know,                 10 years ago,           703 00:44:38,242 --> 00:44:40,044       if I was doing this,                I would have--          704 00:44:40,077 --> 00:44:41,545      Just a minute, sorry.       705 00:44:41,578 --> 00:44:43,213  I have to prepare everything.   706 00:44:43,247 --> 00:44:46,450      Somebody enters, blows            all this shit away.        707 00:44:46,483 --> 00:44:47,951         It's impossible.         708 00:44:47,985 --> 00:44:50,454   Imagine I couldn't get this.     The crack, it's the problem.   709 00:44:50,487 --> 00:44:52,089            There's no                  medicine for crack.        710 00:44:52,122 --> 00:44:54,091       The guy who invents           something like methadone,     711 00:44:54,124 --> 00:44:56,794    but for crack... success.     712 00:44:56,827 --> 00:44:58,595          Perfect, huh.           713 00:44:58,629 --> 00:45:13,077                ♪                 714 00:45:13,110 --> 00:45:15,746    News: Of course we have some    concerns that people  may  see 715 00:45:15,779 --> 00:45:20,684        the law as a license           for a free drug holiday,    716 00:45:20,718 --> 00:45:22,519           but it's still               illegal to take drugs,     717 00:45:22,553 --> 00:45:24,354     buy drugs, and sell them.    718 00:45:24,388 --> 00:45:26,423         It isn't a get out               of jail free card,       719 00:45:26,457 --> 00:45:28,726      and it certainly isn't,             come to Portugal,        720 00:45:28,759 --> 00:45:31,095          we're drug free.        721 00:45:31,128 --> 00:45:33,363                ♪                 722 00:45:33,397 --> 00:45:35,365       We are a dissuasion                  commission,            723 00:45:35,399 --> 00:45:38,936   so we are not here to try to   prevent people from using drugs. 724 00:45:38,969 --> 00:45:41,071   What we try to do is try to          prevent people from        725 00:45:41,105 --> 00:45:43,640      misusing or abusing an             illicit substance.        726 00:46:27,317 --> 00:46:30,220   Portugal is not particularly       liberal about drugs and      727 00:46:30,254 --> 00:46:32,456       they don't feel all              that kindly towards        728 00:46:32,489 --> 00:46:34,391          their junkies,                   their addicts.          729 00:46:34,424 --> 00:46:36,727        What Portugal did,           when all is said and done,    730 00:46:36,760 --> 00:46:38,796      was they said, "We're             making a commitment.       731 00:46:38,829 --> 00:46:42,065     We are not going to put             people in jail for        732 00:46:42,099 --> 00:46:43,901  simple drug use or possession.  733 00:46:43,934 --> 00:46:45,402   If they're really a bad guy,   734 00:46:45,435 --> 00:46:47,404       we'll catch 'em for                something else."         735 00:46:47,437 --> 00:46:50,307  If the rest of the world could   make a commitment like this--   736 00:46:50,340 --> 00:46:51,909         'cause remember,              the large majority of       737 00:46:51,942 --> 00:46:53,310       all drug arrests in               the world are for         738 00:46:53,343 --> 00:46:55,078 simple drug use and possession - 739 00:46:55,112 --> 00:46:58,615  I think the War on Drugs would       essentially dissolve.       740 00:46:58,649 --> 00:47:01,485                ♪                 741 00:47:01,518 --> 00:47:03,253     If someone is caught in             the possession of         742 00:47:03,287 --> 00:47:04,421      an illicit substance,       743 00:47:04,454 --> 00:47:06,690  the police officer apprehends            the substance,          744 00:47:06,723 --> 00:47:08,926       but instead of being          referred to a court of law    745 00:47:08,959 --> 00:47:11,195            under the                   Ministry of Justice,       746 00:47:11,228 --> 00:47:13,397     they are referred to the        Ministry of Health because    747 00:47:13,430 --> 00:47:16,066     90% of drug users do it          because they like it and     748 00:47:16,099 --> 00:47:18,569      10% do it because they            are addicted to it.        749 00:47:18,602 --> 00:47:22,272      So, none of those sort          of users will stop using     750 00:47:22,306 --> 00:47:24,374    because a judge tells them        that what they are doing     751 00:47:24,408 --> 00:47:27,945      is a very wrong thing.      752 00:47:27,978 --> 00:47:32,049        Rat Park helps us                to understand that        753 00:47:32,082 --> 00:47:35,118       we cannot understand               drugs simply as          754 00:47:35,152 --> 00:47:36,787         something which               affects the brain and       755 00:47:36,820 --> 00:47:38,422         changes a person                 into an addict;          756 00:47:38,455 --> 00:47:42,726   that we must look at society        in a much broader way.      757 00:47:42,759 --> 00:47:45,095   I think it's very important          for people like me,        758 00:47:45,128 --> 00:47:48,732    psychologists, to realize       that we cannot treat our way   759 00:47:48,765 --> 00:47:50,300            out of the                   addiction problem,        760 00:47:50,334 --> 00:47:52,903     and I also think that it             is important for         761 00:47:52,936 --> 00:47:54,738     doctors to realize that.     762 00:47:54,771 --> 00:47:56,974       You know, people are                struggling to           763 00:47:57,007 --> 00:47:59,243      try to give their life           some kind of meaning,       764 00:47:59,276 --> 00:48:01,144  some kind of center of gravity  765 00:48:01,178 --> 00:48:03,080            and they,                they latch onto addiction.    766 00:48:03,113 --> 00:48:05,849      But they're not sick:              they're desperate.        767 00:48:05,883 --> 00:48:13,423                ♪                 768 00:48:42,286 --> 00:48:48,492                ♪                 769 00:49:15,552 --> 00:49:22,559                ♪                 770 00:49:42,479 --> 00:49:45,082      These are the two that         were killed this morning.     771 00:50:15,946 --> 00:50:17,280              Yeah.               772 00:50:17,314 --> 00:50:21,952     On each body, they found          two sachets of shabu.       773 00:50:21,985 --> 00:50:25,088  It's kind of very ironic that      dead bodies are turning up    774 00:50:25,122 --> 00:50:29,259       with just 4 dollars'           worth of shabu on them,      775 00:50:29,292 --> 00:50:30,460        and they are dead.        776 00:50:30,494 --> 00:50:32,629     While, those people who              are engaging in          777 00:50:32,662 --> 00:50:37,768       importing billions'               worth of shabu...         778 00:50:37,801 --> 00:50:39,603       nowhere to be found.       779 00:50:39,636 --> 00:50:43,106       So, it's a pretty--            it's really unfair that      780 00:50:43,140 --> 00:50:45,308       these people who are               just mere users,         781 00:50:45,342 --> 00:50:50,781           are just...                are just getting killed.     782 00:50:50,814 --> 00:50:53,016         They have names                  and faces and...         783 00:50:53,050 --> 00:50:55,285             they are                  somebody's loved one.       784 00:50:55,318 --> 00:50:58,155     Hopefully, those photos,           when the time comes,       785 00:50:58,188 --> 00:51:00,123           somebody can                identify those photos,      786 00:51:00,157 --> 00:51:02,292       then give closure to                those families          787 00:51:02,325 --> 00:51:04,461    who are looking for them.     788 00:51:04,494 --> 00:51:08,899                ♪                 789 00:51:08,932 --> 00:51:11,968         They are usually           dropped off from a vehicle,    790 00:51:12,002 --> 00:51:13,770      brought down and shot.      791 00:51:13,804 --> 00:51:15,439         They wrap their                 faces in plastic,         792 00:51:15,472 --> 00:51:17,908      in packaging tapes...       793 00:51:17,941 --> 00:51:20,243            And, ah...                leave cardboards on the,     794 00:51:20,277 --> 00:51:22,446         the dead bodies.         795 00:51:22,479 --> 00:51:24,414       It just states that,             "I'm a drug addict,        796 00:51:24,448 --> 00:51:27,484        I'm a drug pusher.                  I'm a thief.           797 00:51:27,517 --> 00:51:30,587        Don't emulate me."        798 00:51:30,620 --> 00:51:34,491                ♪                 799 00:51:34,524 --> 00:51:36,793   We have a message that goes          against the message        800 00:51:36,827 --> 00:51:39,162        of the government,            so they don't like that.     801 00:51:39,196 --> 00:51:42,499       They don't like that              we are not saying         802 00:51:42,532 --> 00:51:44,634    what they want us to say.     803 00:51:44,668 --> 00:51:47,437       And, so what we get                  are threats.           804 00:51:47,471 --> 00:51:49,773        Sometimes you see              people following you.       805 00:51:49,806 --> 00:51:54,611     Sometimes text messages                or threats.            806 00:51:54,644 --> 00:51:58,782     Does it make us fearful?             Of course, yes.          807 00:51:58,815 --> 00:52:02,953     And so, we've had to be      careful because I don't know...  808 00:52:02,986 --> 00:52:07,224        how it may affect                 me or my family.         809 00:52:07,257 --> 00:52:11,728      You know, as they say,         so long as one is a monk,     810 00:52:11,761 --> 00:52:15,765         one has to go on                tolling the bell.         811 00:52:15,799 --> 00:52:19,769   There is almost 5,000 killed     in police operations and...    812 00:52:19,803 --> 00:52:23,640   maybe 25,000 killed that are     still under investigations;    813 00:52:23,673 --> 00:52:25,642      that's already 30,000.      814 00:52:25,675 --> 00:52:27,811          That number is              already very staggering.     815 00:52:27,844 --> 00:52:31,148           It could be                 claimed as a genocide.      816 00:52:31,181 --> 00:52:33,917     Where have you seen that         somebody-- 30,000 people     817 00:52:33,950 --> 00:52:37,587    getting killed because of        this so-called propaganda?    818 00:52:37,621 --> 00:52:39,489      ♪ [news theme music]        819 00:52:39,523 --> 00:52:41,091        During his visit to                the Philippines,        820 00:52:41,124 --> 00:52:42,926       President Donald Trump               sat down with          821 00:52:42,959 --> 00:52:45,295     President Rodrigo Duterte.   822 00:52:45,328 --> 00:52:48,098 Donald  Trump  has  a friendlier     relationship with Duterte    823 00:52:48,131 --> 00:52:51,635       than  his predecessor,          President Barack Obama.     824 00:52:51,668 --> 00:52:54,304      Obama condemned Duterte          for his violent response    825 00:52:54,337 --> 00:52:56,439   to the nation's drug problem.  826 00:52:56,473 --> 00:52:58,975     Human Rights Watch reports      that Duterte has authorized   827 00:52:59,009 --> 00:53:01,945    the killing of thousands of      suspected drug users and has  828 00:53:01,978 --> 00:53:06,082 vowed to protect police officers    from drug war prosecutions.   829 00:53:06,116 --> 00:53:13,490      [indistinct speaking]       830 00:53:18,128 --> 00:53:19,829             (laughs)             831 00:53:22,465 --> 00:53:24,568             (laughs)             832 00:53:24,601 --> 00:53:31,641          ♪ (singing)             833 00:53:31,675 --> 00:53:34,277     Duterte told the audience         he sang upon the orders     834 00:53:34,311 --> 00:53:36,413        of President Trump.       835 00:53:36,446 --> 00:53:41,751          ♪ (singing)             836 00:53:41,785 --> 00:53:44,421           I do it with                 Ms. Pilita Corrales        837 00:53:44,454 --> 00:53:47,624      upon the orders of the             commander in chief        838 00:53:47,657 --> 00:53:48,992      of the United States.       839 00:53:49,025 --> 00:53:51,094             (laughs)             840 00:53:51,127 --> 00:53:54,497            (applause)            841 00:53:54,531 --> 00:53:59,603           Drug panics               blow on us like tsunamis.     842 00:53:59,636 --> 00:54:03,073     We distract ourselves by        paying too much attention     843 00:54:03,106 --> 00:54:04,874    to the panic of the moment    844 00:54:04,908 --> 00:54:08,712     and not enough attention           to the rising tide.        845 00:54:08,745 --> 00:54:10,614     We've got to look at it                in terms of            846 00:54:10,647 --> 00:54:13,550 a much broader view of society.  847 00:54:13,583 --> 00:54:16,219                ♪                 848 00:54:16,253 --> 00:54:17,454    We have a heroin epidemic;    849 00:54:17,487 --> 00:54:20,457    we've had people literally             dropping dead           850 00:54:20,490 --> 00:54:25,428        in Donald Trump's               figurative backyard.       851 00:54:25,462 --> 00:54:28,265   If you have a medical system     which is based on capitalism   852 00:54:28,298 --> 00:54:30,967  then, of course, there will be        predators involved.        853 00:54:31,001 --> 00:54:35,905     Florida is the recovery           capital of the world.       854 00:54:35,939 --> 00:54:38,908    The problem with treatment           in Florida is that        855 00:54:38,942 --> 00:54:41,945          it has been so                terribly regulated.        856 00:54:41,978 --> 00:54:45,248                ♪                 857 00:54:45,282 --> 00:54:46,983     I, I picked this, ah...      858 00:54:47,017 --> 00:54:50,987        sober magazine up                in a coffee shop.         859 00:54:51,021 --> 00:54:52,789   And this is the crazy part:        the ads have very little     860 00:54:52,822 --> 00:54:56,793      to do with the actual               interventions or         861 00:54:56,826 --> 00:54:58,928       the modalities that                are being used.          862 00:54:58,962 --> 00:55:01,498  That's the start of the scam,     that's the tip of the spear,   863 00:55:01,531 --> 00:55:03,600        is when you see a             deceptive ad telling you     864 00:55:03,633 --> 00:55:05,935         to come down to              Heavenly Valley Recovery     865 00:55:05,969 --> 00:55:07,537    in Delray Beach, Florida.     866 00:55:07,570 --> 00:55:09,939     When, in reality, there      are no valleys in Delray Beach,  867 00:55:09,973 --> 00:55:11,708      and I'm sure wherever           you're going may not be      868 00:55:11,741 --> 00:55:16,279  very heavenly if you're basing   it merely on an advertisement.  869 00:55:16,313 --> 00:55:19,716       All that's shown is               like luxury beds.         870 00:55:19,749 --> 00:55:21,384          Like, it looks                  like a hotel ad.         871 00:55:21,418 --> 00:55:23,787          You see "hope"               a lot as a buzz word.       872 00:55:23,820 --> 00:55:26,289    This is not a 30 to 90-day       thing we're talking about.    873 00:55:26,323 --> 00:55:27,757     This is somebody's life.     874 00:55:27,791 --> 00:55:30,894          None of it is,                 is centered in...         875 00:55:30,927 --> 00:55:34,397            in actual                evidence-based treatment.     876 00:55:34,431 --> 00:55:39,569   Paying to care for somebody       else's horses is accepted     877 00:55:39,602 --> 00:55:42,906      as a standard of care,         or as a selling point for     878 00:55:42,939 --> 00:55:46,776  a treatment facility, but the      idea that somebody could--    879 00:55:46,810 --> 00:55:49,412          should safe--               more safely use heroin,      880 00:55:49,446 --> 00:55:53,249          is bullshit in                this country, is...        881 00:55:53,283 --> 00:55:55,952   off, it's fucking maddening.   882 00:55:55,985 --> 00:56:00,423                ♪                 883 00:56:00,457 --> 00:56:03,059       This place laid the          foundation for me just as a,   884 00:56:03,093 --> 00:56:06,029      as a person, of like,       885 00:56:06,062 --> 00:56:09,366      the value of community           and hard work, and...       886 00:56:09,399 --> 00:56:12,702       you know, kindness.        887 00:56:12,736 --> 00:56:16,106    Everybody wants the visual         of a dude experiencing      888 00:56:16,139 --> 00:56:18,408        homelessness in a               fucking trench coat,       889 00:56:18,441 --> 00:56:21,378           who's living                under a bridge, like,       890 00:56:21,411 --> 00:56:23,747         jamming a spike                   into his arm.           891 00:56:23,780 --> 00:56:28,451  In reality, drug use is a lot      more normalized than that,    892 00:56:28,485 --> 00:56:32,922  like, everybody gathers around       on a Friday afternoon       893 00:56:32,956 --> 00:56:38,395   after work to consume drugs      in large, large quantities.    894 00:56:38,428 --> 00:56:42,232     What is a bar but a safe      consumption site for alcohol?   895 00:56:42,265 --> 00:56:44,934    It's, it's a matter of...     896 00:56:44,968 --> 00:56:49,239         teaching people                 that drug use is,         897 00:56:49,272 --> 00:56:52,075       is as American as...       898 00:56:52,108 --> 00:56:54,744     apple pie and baseball.      899 00:56:54,778 --> 00:57:06,423                ♪                 900 00:57:07,056 --> 00:57:09,793     Portugal was called the,         "Portuguese Experiment,"     901 00:57:09,826 --> 00:57:13,029   for the first 10 years after        the change in the law.      902 00:57:13,062 --> 00:57:14,697        And along the way,            we started being called      903 00:57:14,731 --> 00:57:16,833     the, "Portuguese Model."     904 00:57:16,866 --> 00:57:19,803     For me, I felt like the      little mice running in the maze  905 00:57:19,836 --> 00:57:21,471         when we were an                    experiment.            906 00:57:21,504 --> 00:57:23,139     But now, I feel like the             little mice that         907 00:57:23,173 --> 00:57:24,974  actually got out of the maze.   908 00:57:25,008 --> 00:57:26,509          The problem is                   that our maze,          909 00:57:26,543 --> 00:57:29,012    it's completely different        from all the other mazes.     910 00:57:29,045 --> 00:57:32,882      The only thing I think         people should copy from us    911 00:57:32,916 --> 00:57:34,684      was the way we did it.      912 00:57:34,717 --> 00:57:37,821     It's fairly easier for a          person to assume that       913 00:57:37,854 --> 00:57:40,557  they have an addiction problem          if along the way         914 00:57:40,590 --> 00:57:42,158 they do not have to assume that  915 00:57:42,192 --> 00:57:46,329         they also have a                criminal problem.         916 00:57:46,362 --> 00:57:49,666      For being in Portugal,         I think what makes my life    917 00:57:49,699 --> 00:57:53,503      as good as possible is         because I do what I want.     918 00:57:53,536 --> 00:57:56,506      If I do what I want in           a place where I like,       919 00:57:56,539 --> 00:57:58,708    that's the perfect storm.     920 00:57:58,741 --> 00:58:01,845       I can ride my bike;              I can do pottery...        921 00:58:01,878 --> 00:58:06,449         So, if the drugs              were not so expensive,      922 00:58:06,483 --> 00:58:08,318         that was only a                   small problem.          923 00:58:14,557 --> 00:58:17,994    A lot of people that work        in the field of narcotics,    924 00:58:18,027 --> 00:58:20,530  they know that the substances         are not going away.        925 00:58:20,563 --> 00:58:22,966        They know that if               they apprehend more,       926 00:58:22,999 --> 00:58:25,301    they will just-- the drug            dealers will just         927 00:58:25,335 --> 00:58:27,804        bring more to the               market, so it's a...       928 00:58:27,837 --> 00:58:30,306     it's like a never-ending           race that they know        929 00:58:30,340 --> 00:58:31,875    they are not going to win.    930 00:58:31,908 --> 00:58:35,044  There is no place in Portugal     where you can just go in and   931 00:58:35,078 --> 00:58:38,014   buy an illicit substance and      get a receipt out of that     932 00:58:38,047 --> 00:58:39,983    because you'll still have        to go to the black market,    933 00:58:40,016 --> 00:58:42,151   there's no quality control,          there's no taxation,       934 00:58:42,185 --> 00:58:44,387       there's no nothing.        935 00:58:44,420 --> 00:58:47,390                ♪                 936 00:58:47,423 --> 00:58:51,661  Tiago has a lot of experience,          like, 30 years;          937 00:58:51,694 --> 00:58:54,831    that's why he still works.    938 00:58:54,864 --> 00:59:00,036    And I don't know somebody            using like him and        939 00:59:00,069 --> 00:59:05,275     how I can help him stop             cocaine or heroin,        940 00:59:05,308 --> 00:59:07,844             for me,                 it's really difficult and,    941 00:59:07,877 --> 00:59:10,880         it's impossible,                almost impossible.        942 00:59:18,321 --> 00:59:27,063      [indistinct speaking]       943 00:59:31,367 --> 00:59:33,036            Normally,                   this doesn't happen,       944 00:59:33,069 --> 00:59:35,638        but sometimes it's           possible to happen, okay.     945 00:59:35,672 --> 00:59:39,008       This is just because           of the fucking dealers.      946 00:59:39,042 --> 00:59:41,177        Just because, I...        947 00:59:41,210 --> 00:59:44,380       it's off, at 12:30,                  they change.           948 00:59:44,414 --> 00:59:46,716     There's one guy selling,         then comes another one.      949 00:59:46,749 --> 00:59:49,385    And I respect that, but I         don't know who they are.     950 00:59:49,419 --> 00:59:51,521         But then comes,                "What are you doing?       951 00:59:51,554 --> 00:59:53,156     I didn't tell you wait!"     952 00:59:53,189 --> 00:59:55,224         Obviously, he--               the guy who sold me...      953 00:59:55,258 --> 00:59:57,827         keep the money,             and the guy who stole me,     954 00:59:57,860 --> 01:00:00,496       keep the, the drugs.       955 01:00:00,530 --> 01:00:03,333      And he went, changing          the problem to the other.     956 01:00:03,366 --> 01:00:04,400           Off-screen:               What happened to your lip?    957 01:00:04,434 --> 01:00:06,736       He, they kicked me.              There were five men.       958 01:00:06,769 --> 01:00:08,671          They kick me,               they give me a punch and     959 01:00:08,705 --> 01:00:11,174   I think my teeth is broken.    960 01:00:11,207 --> 01:00:13,176              Sorry.              961 01:00:13,209 --> 01:00:17,080                ♪                 962 01:00:17,113 --> 01:00:19,882    The dealer's, the problem        is they can't do nothing.     963 01:00:19,916 --> 01:00:22,218        What you tell me?               Talk to the police?        964 01:00:22,251 --> 01:00:25,188     What can I do? They can           do whatever they want.      965 01:00:25,221 --> 01:00:27,590    I have-- I need the drug!     966 01:00:27,624 --> 01:00:29,692          I'm gonna lose               this teeth, for sure,       967 01:00:29,726 --> 01:00:33,196   in several months or a year.              For sure.             968 01:00:33,229 --> 01:00:35,531          So, I'll look                 like a real junkie.        969 01:00:35,565 --> 01:00:38,368            (chuckles)                  I am a real junkie.        970 01:00:38,401 --> 01:00:43,773    I just want to be a human       and be treated like a human.   971 01:00:43,806 --> 01:00:49,445    What are the ways whereby      those people who love cocaine,  972 01:00:49,479 --> 01:00:52,248         who are addicted             to cocaine or whatever,      973 01:00:52,281 --> 01:00:55,284        what are the ways              in which those people       974 01:00:55,318 --> 01:00:57,553     who represent the large            share of the market,       975 01:00:57,587 --> 01:01:02,091    can get the drug they want           in such a way that        976 01:01:02,125 --> 01:01:05,328     it does not endanger the          broader public health?      977 01:01:05,361 --> 01:01:07,830        That's really the                $64,000 question.         978 01:01:07,864 --> 01:01:09,899    The Portuguese don't know       what the fuck they're doing.   979 01:01:09,932 --> 01:01:12,669      And I'll tell you why.          They just happen to have     980 01:01:12,702 --> 01:01:14,871          a policy that                decriminalized drugs.       981 01:01:14,904 --> 01:01:18,007          Drug sales are                   still illegal.          982 01:01:18,041 --> 01:01:22,412     Legalization is treating       drugs like we treat alcohol.   983 01:01:22,445 --> 01:01:25,515    Why shouldn't people have         the right to use drugs;      984 01:01:25,548 --> 01:01:28,851       that's really basic.                     Why?               985 01:01:28,885 --> 01:01:32,355      You got a responsible         person who pays their taxes,   986 01:01:32,388 --> 01:01:33,756        they contribute to                their community,         987 01:01:33,790 --> 01:01:35,858        they're doing all                of these things...        988 01:01:35,892 --> 01:01:41,431 Why would you want to tell those   people they can't use drugs?   989 01:01:41,464 --> 01:01:43,433   I mean, I think what we can       say about Portugal is that    990 01:01:43,466 --> 01:01:46,069     they have made it safe,               but of course,          991 01:01:46,102 --> 01:01:48,104           they haven't                 solved the problem,        992 01:01:48,137 --> 01:01:51,207         nor has Canada,                  nor has Sweden,          993 01:01:51,240 --> 01:01:52,709        nor has Norway...         994 01:01:52,742 --> 01:01:56,546         All these places             which are really ahead.      995 01:01:56,579 --> 01:01:58,715     I was thinking about the           paradigm shift that        996 01:01:58,748 --> 01:02:01,451      we need to make in the            field of addiction.        997 01:02:01,484 --> 01:02:04,554    And then, I saw a picture.    998 01:02:04,587 --> 01:02:07,390        So, imagine this:               it's a golf course,        999 01:02:07,423 --> 01:02:11,160     and these guys are very           intently playing golf       1000 01:02:11,194 --> 01:02:12,495        on a mountainside.        1001 01:02:12,528 --> 01:02:16,165      And across the valley,          on the facing mountain,      1002 01:02:16,199 --> 01:02:18,501       there's an inferno.        1003 01:02:18,534 --> 01:02:23,339 Now... that's a paradigm shift.  1004 01:02:23,372 --> 01:02:28,177          Those guys are              playing the wrong game.      1005 01:02:28,211 --> 01:02:32,181       They need to look up               and realize that         1006 01:02:32,215 --> 01:02:35,585       this new problem is              way more important,        1007 01:02:35,618 --> 01:02:37,520      and that's why I love             the picture, because       1008 01:02:37,553 --> 01:02:40,389   that's what we have to do in     the field of drug addiction.   1009 01:02:40,423 --> 01:02:44,694 We've got to stop playing these      drug games and look up.      1010 01:02:44,727 --> 01:02:50,032      On what basis does one      say to a parent who, God forbid, 1011 01:02:50,066 --> 01:02:53,603      has two kids addicted          to drugs - one, to heroin,    1012 01:02:53,636 --> 01:02:56,439  and the other one to alcohol -           on what basis           1013 01:02:56,472 --> 01:02:59,208      does the state say to            that mother or father,      1014 01:02:59,242 --> 01:03:02,545     "Well, that kid, the one        who's addicted to alcohol,    1015 01:03:02,578 --> 01:03:04,981   which is a deadly addiction,        dangerous to society,       1016 01:03:05,014 --> 01:03:07,316    as long as he doesn't get       behind the wheel of the car    1017 01:03:07,350 --> 01:03:08,651          or go out and                  beat somebody up,         1018 01:03:08,684 --> 01:03:11,154       he's not a criminal.       1019 01:03:11,187 --> 01:03:14,390        That one, addicted              to heroin, that one,       1020 01:03:14,423 --> 01:03:16,659  I don't care if he gets behind     the wheel of a car or not,    1021 01:03:16,692 --> 01:03:18,327        I don't care if he               beats somebody up.        1022 01:03:18,361 --> 01:03:22,331      Simply possessing that           thing for his own use,      1023 01:03:22,365 --> 01:03:25,735      in the privacy of his           own room in your house;      1024 01:03:25,768 --> 01:03:27,870        that's a basis for          taking away his freedom and    1025 01:03:27,904 --> 01:03:29,338      throwing him in jail.       1026 01:03:29,372 --> 01:03:31,507       And if he is unable             or unwilling to stop,       1027 01:03:31,541 --> 01:03:33,576     we will keep putting him     in jail for the rest of his life 1028 01:03:33,609 --> 01:03:35,378          so long as he                  defies that law."         1029 01:03:35,411 --> 01:03:37,513           There is not                  legitimate basis,         1030 01:03:37,547 --> 01:03:40,349     in science, in medicine,                in ethics,            1031 01:03:40,383 --> 01:03:41,851       or for that matter,                   the Bible,            1032 01:03:41,884 --> 01:03:45,054      for discriminating or         distinguishing among people    1033 01:03:45,087 --> 01:03:47,557     based upon the substance         they put in their body.      1034 01:03:47,590 --> 01:04:08,578                ♪                 1035 01:04:33,236 --> 01:04:37,240                ♪                 1036 01:05:49,578 --> 01:06:01,290                ♪                 1037 01:06:19,508 --> 01:06:28,517                ♪                 1038 01:06:28,551 --> 01:06:34,523         [camera clicks]          1039 01:06:34,557 --> 01:06:36,158  We have Jesus lizards, right,   1040 01:06:36,192 --> 01:06:37,994      we got big-ass lizards            out here, don't we?        1041 01:06:38,027 --> 01:06:38,861              Yeah.               1042 01:06:38,894 --> 01:06:41,664         Yeah, and we got              lots of pretty birds.       1043 01:06:41,697 --> 01:06:42,798             - Yeah.                          - Yeah.              1044 01:06:42,832 --> 01:06:45,334 And we can see all the stars in      the sky at night, right?     1045 01:06:45,368 --> 01:06:48,170         There's no light             pollution at all, right?     1046 01:06:48,204 --> 01:06:50,840             We hear                   chickens and roosters.      1047 01:06:50,873 --> 01:06:54,710             - Yeah.               - Yeah, we see goats and cows.  1048 01:06:54,744 --> 01:06:56,512       Your home should be           your sanctuary, you know.     1049 01:06:56,545 --> 01:06:58,080            And I just                  found my sanctuary.        1050 01:06:58,114 --> 01:07:00,516       You know, we worked            our asses off to get it.     1051 01:07:00,549 --> 01:07:03,419    My family deserved all of        my fucking dedication and     1052 01:07:03,452 --> 01:07:06,288      all of my time and...                 [boy laughs]           1053 01:07:06,322 --> 01:07:07,957        This is where my--               This is what I do         1054 01:07:07,990 --> 01:07:09,625         for my recovery,              you know what I mean?       1055 01:07:09,658 --> 01:07:11,627   Once I, once I got it, like,   1056 01:07:11,660 --> 01:07:14,463   there was no way anybody was       gonna take it from me...     1057 01:07:14,497 --> 01:07:17,133    'Cause I get to come home           to do this all day,        1058 01:07:17,166 --> 01:07:18,801      you know what I mean?       1059 01:07:18,834 --> 01:07:21,170           [boy laughs]           1060 01:07:21,203 --> 01:07:26,642        What are we gonna                    do today?             1061 01:07:26,675 --> 01:07:30,312            Huh? Hey.             1062 01:07:30,346 --> 01:07:32,715           We're gonna                   change the world.         1063 01:07:32,748 --> 01:07:34,650           We are gonna               change the world, right?     1064 01:07:34,683 --> 01:07:36,385             - Yeah.                          - Yeah.              1065 01:07:49,565 --> 01:07:51,567               Huh?               1066 01:07:59,875 --> 01:08:25,134                ♪                 1067 01:08:25,167 --> 01:08:35,544         [crowd chatter]          1068 01:08:35,578 --> 01:08:37,146            As of now,                   they covered the,         1069 01:08:37,179 --> 01:08:38,314        covered the body.         1070 01:08:38,347 --> 01:08:41,484    But later, when the crime        scene investigator comes,     1071 01:08:41,517 --> 01:08:43,219   they will open, open the...    1072 01:08:43,252 --> 01:08:46,555        remove the carton.        1073 01:08:46,589 --> 01:08:49,492         What the family                  is saying is...          1074 01:08:49,525 --> 01:08:53,329  What the people are saying was   there were kids playing here,   1075 01:08:53,362 --> 01:08:54,897          playing here,                 and all of a sudden,       1076 01:08:54,930 --> 01:08:58,501    these three guys who came        in just shooed them away.     1077 01:08:58,534 --> 01:09:01,170           After that,                 they heard gun shots.       1078 01:09:01,203 --> 01:09:05,141          It has become                  normal for, for...        1079 01:09:05,174 --> 01:09:07,443        the neighbourhood               to see dead bodies.        1080 01:09:07,476 --> 01:09:11,380                ♪                 1081 01:09:14,984 --> 01:09:20,456                ♪                 1082 01:09:20,489 --> 01:09:22,791            [whispers]                         Sorry.              1083 01:09:22,825 --> 01:09:30,533                ♪                 1084 01:09:30,566 --> 01:09:32,034      It's nothing new here.      1085 01:09:32,067 --> 01:09:34,370       He was just sitting           outside along the street,     1086 01:09:34,403 --> 01:09:37,039       and he was shot by a              motorcycle gunman.        1087 01:09:37,072 --> 01:09:39,542                ♪                 1088 01:09:39,575 --> 01:09:45,548         [camera clicks]          1089 01:09:45,581 --> 01:09:51,520           [dog barks]            1090 01:09:57,026 --> 01:09:59,662    How can you not be angry?     1091 01:09:59,695 --> 01:10:08,571         [crowd chatter &                   dog barking]           1092 01:10:08,604 --> 01:10:11,373                ♪                 1093 01:10:33,462 --> 01:11:22,845                ♪                 1094 01:11:22,878 --> 01:11:28,517  I was told just because I said       in a press conference       1095 01:11:28,550 --> 01:11:31,720           that not all                  users are addicts,        1096 01:11:31,754 --> 01:11:36,058     and somebody messaged me              and said that           1097 01:11:36,091 --> 01:11:39,762    he hoped that my daughter             would get raped          1098 01:11:39,795 --> 01:11:45,367   by a drug, by a drug addict.   1099 01:11:45,401 --> 01:11:49,405    So that kind of violence,            so it's not just--        1100 01:11:49,438 --> 01:11:52,541   For me, it's, it's not just           about the violence        1101 01:11:52,574 --> 01:11:59,214   against users, but it's the        message that you can...      1102 01:11:59,248 --> 01:12:02,885          cure problems                   by just killing.         1103 01:12:02,918 --> 01:12:07,323         [camera clicks]          1104 01:12:07,356 --> 01:12:10,826    They don't understand that        it's really just, they--     1105 01:12:10,859 --> 01:12:13,862        what they need to               focus on is poverty,       1106 01:12:13,896 --> 01:12:17,032       but they're choosing           to fight the wrong war.      1107 01:12:17,066 --> 01:12:38,854                ♪                 1108 01:12:38,887 --> 01:12:42,257    Most of these cases won't,           won't be resolved.        1109 01:12:42,291 --> 01:12:48,063    They will be just numbers     and statistics of the killings.  1110 01:12:48,097 --> 01:12:51,433    With this kind of impunity      that's happening right here    1111 01:12:51,467 --> 01:12:54,536         in the country,                I don't see justice.       1112 01:12:54,570 --> 01:12:56,739       I don't see anybody                getting justice          1113 01:12:56,772 --> 01:12:59,074    during his administration.    1114 01:12:59,108 --> 01:13:02,277                ♪                 1115 01:13:17,760 --> 01:13:22,798                ♪                 1116 01:13:25,934 --> 01:13:28,270                ♪                 1117 01:13:28,303 --> 01:13:29,972       Pender Island is the              right place for me        1118 01:13:30,005 --> 01:13:33,409     to finish up the story.      1119 01:13:33,442 --> 01:13:36,278            This whole                   island was logged.        1120 01:13:36,311 --> 01:13:39,081        But, but now it's                 in recovery and,         1121 01:13:39,114 --> 01:13:41,750        and we have this,            this second growth forest,    1122 01:13:41,784 --> 01:13:43,619            which is,                   which is good to us.       1123 01:13:43,652 --> 01:13:46,255    This is all second growth.                And yet,             1124 01:13:46,288 --> 01:13:50,426       it makes, it makes a              beautiful forest.         1125 01:13:50,459 --> 01:13:56,265    You could say that, that I       have found Rat Park here.     1126 01:13:56,298 --> 01:13:58,967         We've got to do                 something to make         1127 01:13:59,001 --> 01:14:02,938 the modern world more habitable.    How are we gonna do that?     1128 01:14:02,971 --> 01:14:05,040    Well, I think it might be        different in Portugal and     1129 01:14:05,073 --> 01:14:08,076      it might be different             in the Philippines,        1130 01:14:08,110 --> 01:14:11,580      but I think that where            we are right now is,       1131 01:14:11,613 --> 01:14:14,950         is in the stage                   of awareness.           1132 01:14:14,983 --> 01:14:18,053      That's why, you know,               I do what I do.          1133 01:14:18,086 --> 01:14:20,556   We want to make sure people          are thinking because       1134 01:14:20,589 --> 01:14:25,394   once people start to think,      it decreases the likelihood    1135 01:14:25,427 --> 01:14:29,598     that you will implement           policies and practices      1136 01:14:29,631 --> 01:14:33,068        that result in the                disproportionate         1137 01:14:33,101 --> 01:14:35,771  poor treatment of any groups.   1138 01:14:35,804 --> 01:14:39,274 When people start to understand       how dirty the game is,      1139 01:14:39,308 --> 01:14:41,810         and how the game             is not based on science      1140 01:14:41,844 --> 01:14:46,081         or pharmacology,         then they're starting to think.  1141 01:14:46,114 --> 01:14:50,919      For me, my punch line             is a core principle,       1142 01:14:50,953 --> 01:14:56,592    and that core principle is       that nobody deserves to be    1143 01:14:56,625 --> 01:15:00,996    punished or discriminated            against or amongst        1144 01:15:01,029 --> 01:15:06,568 based solely upon the substance     they put into their body.     1145 01:15:06,602 --> 01:15:08,604          [phone rings]           1146 01:15:19,281 --> 01:15:22,551      [speaking Portuguese]       1147 01:15:22,584 --> 01:15:24,419            Toot-toot.            1148 01:15:24,453 --> 01:15:25,787                ♪                 1149 01:15:25,821 --> 01:15:28,590     Maybe sometimes I feel a        little bit guilty because     1150 01:15:28,624 --> 01:15:31,059   we are pressed to feel that.   1151 01:15:31,093 --> 01:15:33,795    We are pressed to feel we     are doing something very wrong,  1152 01:15:33,829 --> 01:15:36,265     very criminal, very bad.     1153 01:15:36,298 --> 01:15:38,233                ♪                 1154 01:15:38,267 --> 01:15:41,136   There will always be drugs,           so if you want to         1155 01:15:41,169 --> 01:15:43,572         solve as much as              possible the problem,       1156 01:15:43,605 --> 01:15:49,077   you just have to change the,        the attitude, period.       1157 01:15:49,111 --> 01:15:52,247    And then, we'll solve all       the other possible problems    1158 01:15:52,281 --> 01:15:54,283      that will appear as we          solved with cigarettes,      1159 01:15:54,316 --> 01:15:57,819      with alcohol, with...                  with food.            1160 01:15:57,853 --> 01:16:01,256    And maybe for coincidence,          I live in a country        1161 01:16:01,290 --> 01:16:05,093    where things are changing           and it's incredible.       1162 01:16:05,127 --> 01:16:25,213                ♪                 1163 01:16:25,247 --> 01:16:30,552     During the earlier days         when the killings started,    1164 01:16:30,586 --> 01:16:34,222          it's more of a              photojournalistic work.      1165 01:16:34,256 --> 01:16:36,625      We look for the light;        we look for the composition;   1166 01:16:36,658 --> 01:16:38,794     we look for the angles.      1167 01:16:38,827 --> 01:16:43,899    But, right now, it really         has taken a toll on me.      1168 01:16:43,932 --> 01:16:46,969     A lot of my friends say        that I have to take a break    1169 01:16:47,002 --> 01:16:49,905           because I'm                 already breaking down,      1170 01:16:49,938 --> 01:16:53,442         I'm on the verge                of breaking down.         1171 01:16:53,475 --> 01:16:57,412       But, the problem is,        there are less and less of us   1172 01:16:57,446 --> 01:17:01,083       documenting this and           how can we take a break?     1173 01:17:01,116 --> 01:17:03,452                ♪                 1174 01:17:03,485 --> 01:17:06,021        I've seen a lot of                horrific photos,         1175 01:17:06,054 --> 01:17:08,423    but I don't think that...     1176 01:17:08,457 --> 01:17:11,059          images of the                  victims haunt me.         1177 01:17:11,093 --> 01:17:13,395    What haunts me more is...     1178 01:17:13,428 --> 01:17:16,398       the knowledge of the        killings are still continuing   1179 01:17:16,431 --> 01:17:18,200    and it will still continue    1180 01:17:18,233 --> 01:17:21,103        as long as Duterte              is still in office.        1181 01:17:21,136 --> 01:17:36,385                ♪                 1182 01:17:36,418 --> 01:17:38,787        Let's go put your              book in the car, okay.      1183 01:17:38,820 --> 01:17:41,590        I want to read it                   in the car.            1184 01:17:41,623 --> 01:17:43,258   You can read it in the car.    1185 01:17:43,291 --> 01:17:45,127      [indistinct speaking]       1186 01:17:45,160 --> 01:17:47,429          Hold my hand.           1187 01:17:47,462 --> 01:17:50,465       You know, there has            been a dramatic change,      1188 01:17:50,499 --> 01:17:53,735         and I do credit                 Justin with that.         1189 01:17:53,769 --> 01:17:56,138    And I have watched Justin             at many meetings         1190 01:17:56,171 --> 01:17:59,641    piss off people to no end.    1191 01:17:59,675 --> 01:18:02,110      I mean, God bless him                for doing it.           1192 01:18:02,144 --> 01:18:03,912  So many lives have been saved.  1193 01:18:03,945 --> 01:18:06,014         What's up, bro?          1194 01:18:06,048 --> 01:18:08,083        You doing alright?        1195 01:18:08,116 --> 01:18:10,218         Alright, bro...          1196 01:18:10,252 --> 01:18:11,586        No worries, dude.         1197 01:18:11,620 --> 01:18:13,722        If the people who              were in my situation,       1198 01:18:13,755 --> 01:18:17,259       if everybody is not                treated equally          1199 01:18:17,292 --> 01:18:19,695      under the eyes of the               whole community,         1200 01:18:19,728 --> 01:18:22,597       then we failed as a               fucking community.        1201 01:18:22,631 --> 01:18:24,766  I, I need help, man. I'm like      really having a hard time.    1202 01:18:24,800 --> 01:18:27,102         I got you, bro.          Don't worry about it; I got you. 1203 01:18:27,135 --> 01:18:28,203         - Alright, cool.                  - You're good.          1204 01:18:28,236 --> 01:18:29,371        - Thank you, bro.               - You're good, yeah.       1205 01:18:29,404 --> 01:18:30,205        Alright, brother.         1206 01:18:30,238 --> 01:18:31,540        When I got put in                 a position that          1207 01:18:31,573 --> 01:18:33,942       I could do something               about it, I did.         1208 01:18:33,975 --> 01:18:35,877         You know, I, I--             we can't sit around and      1209 01:18:35,911 --> 01:18:37,446     wait on the government.      1210 01:18:37,479 --> 01:18:39,381      Maybe for one person,       1211 01:18:39,414 --> 01:18:41,550       I know that somebody          doesn't have to go through    1212 01:18:41,583 --> 01:18:44,386    the same shit that I went         through in my community.     1213 01:18:44,419 --> 01:19:18,019                ♪                 147908

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