All language subtitles for 2. Navigating the File System

So now our first lesson in Linux terminology is going to be navigating the file system so if you're

a Windows user you're used to navigating your file system probably through folders through a gooey.

So a graphical user interface.

Well in Linux we can do that but the majority time we're going to live in this terminal here.

So we really need to know how to get around so the first thing we can do here is we can say hey where

are we at.

And that's P.W. D.

So that stands for present working directory.

So you type that in.

You hit enter and it says OK we're in the root folder so we know that we're in the root folder but how

do we get out the root folder.

We can use a command called C D.

And that stands for change directory.

So if we want to change directory backwards we just type in two dots here and now we can say OK where

are we at.

So we're in a slash.

So we're just in a home folder here or just there are generic slash folder right.

So what we can do is well how do we know.

Can we go backwards from here.

Let's keep trying.

So we do P.W. again.

No we can.

This is our base folder right.

So you have to think of this as though the lowest you can go.

So now how do we move around how do we know how to go forwards again.

Well we don't know what's in our Directories right.

So we're sitting in this the slash folder.

And how do we look around.

So there's a command called l s that lists everything that's in the folder so if we say l s we kind

of see this color coordinated here and the color coordination.

It just depends on if it's a folder if the folders read right.

You know there's permission settings which are going gonna get into later but the majority of these

here are folders.

OK.

Well we know we just came out of route so we can go back into route.

Now how do we do that so we can say change directory route and we can actually hit tab to auto complete.

I don't know if you caught that but there No are any folder besides root so at all right I can hit TAB

and it should type it out for me.

Oh I lied.

There is a run in here somewhere but it's hidden.

We're going to cover that soon as well.

So our Oh hit tab autocomplete can change directory in the root so it's less and root and see what's

in here.

OK.

This is more like our home folder right.

So you've got desktop documents downloads.

This is kind of what applies to the user.

So what if we're sitting in this root folder here and we wanted to access instead this Etsy folder.

Well could we do the same at C command here.

Well I'm hitting tab and nothing's happening.

Well because Etsy doesn't belong in this area.

Right.

But if we put a forward slash in front of it because this is the base and then we hit Etsy there now

we can navigate to the Etsy folder and we can actually double tab and see what's all in the Etsy folder

like an L S say no.

Another way to do that is if we wanted to tell us what's in the Etsy folder without navigating to it

we get this type Ellis Etsy and you can see everything that's in here so there's some some tricks that

we can do right.

So we don't have to actually navigate to the folder you know it's in there again if we add less and

we want to know what's sitting in videos or even let's say what's sitting in desktop for our folder.

Well if we start typing desktop and hit tab we can't do that either because everything in Linux is case

sensitive.

So if we start typing desktop and then hit tab now we can LSI and see what's in there.

So our VM where came with a couple of shell scripts here that are automatically placed in our desktop.

We wanted to confirm that you could see that they're both right here.

So as of right now we are just sitting in our home folder and we know how to navigate around.

So if we wanted to go to desktop we could we could hit Alaska now and see what's in there.

We wanted to go backwards.

We could.

OK now we're back in our our route folder and you can also tell where you're at your present working

directory sits right here right.

So this little tilde is actually your home folder and you can see that we're in desktop.

So if we wanted to go back into our desktop instead of typing see you wanted to go to music from your

desktop instead of going root music which will work.

You could also just say I want to go music and that'll put you there as well and notice you don't need

the leading forward slash when you use the tilde so just some couple interesting tricks that you kind

of pick up along the way.

Tab is definite going to be your best friend if you run into something with multiple options say you're

trying to C and you say I want to go to my desktop and you're tapping it's not working you can hit double

tab and then it will show you OK well there's desktop documents downloads those are your three options

that start with a D.

So now you can have an idea as to how to kind of move around but let's do a little bit more.

So what if we want to make our own folder.

Well there's something called Make directory M K DVR so if we say make directory and we'll say I'm just

gonna use my name Heath it's now fully L S we can see that this Heath folder is now here we can go into

the heath folder and there should be nothing in it right.

So we can go back and we can also get rid of the heath folder remove directory Heath.

Alice again it's gone.

So now what else can we do.

Well we can also look for hidden folders so we can say LSA dash L.A. and we can look for hidden files

and folders here.

Remember the color coordination.

So this dot cash right.

That in theory is a hidden folder.

So if we say C.D. Doc cash we can go into there.

We.

Alas.

And there's actually some some information in there.

But when you saw it originally you didn't see that.

We're going to cover more on this.

I just kind of want to show you that trick as you see over on the left side.

There's file permissions and properties.

So be aware that just because it looks like something's not there doesn't mean it's not there.

It might just actually be hidden.

Similar to windows where you have hidden files and folders.

So just a quick trick to show you that so.

Another thing we can do.

So let's go back

and don't worry about what I'm doing here.

You're gonna cover these commands in a little bit.

I'm just going to go high and we're gonna put that in a test text folder.

So now we l s you could see that test out Texas here so if we want to actually copy this file we can

copy just files to another location so we can say hey I've got this test that text but I actually want

to move it to downloads and if we go else to downloads you could see that test site text is actually

sitting in their and if we wanted to remove it we can say remove from downloads or test that text.

Actually sorry.

Remove downloads test text.

We don't have to transition into that directory if we don't want to.

So another trick.

Say we want to see now that it's gone and we want to tell Alas what we want to keep typing this out.

If you hit the up arrow now you can just see your old command.

So if you keep typing your command over and over you can see what's going on.

So that shows that there's nothing in downloads now we were able to successfully remove that file so.

Another thing that we can do is we can actually move.

So say we wanted to move test out text and we wanted to put that into downloads OK.

Now if we less test that text is now gone from this folder because we've moved it we haven't made a

copy we've actually physically moved it away.

So now if we LSI actually let's just tab up you can see that test that text is now in there and I'm

going to remove that here OK and now the last thing I want to show you is the locate feature.

So if we wanted to locate a file say I wanted to locate Bash let's see so we're looking for a file and

we're gonna get more specific along the way.

But if you type in locate you can kind of look through a system to see if you can find it.

Now I'm looking for.

Say any type of bin bash or bin our Bash.

That's fine.

That's really what I want.

But it shows you everything with bash in it.

Now this might not work right away.

Well you might need to do is update the database so you type and update DV it updates everything for

you and then you can use locate again.

So it has to build that database of the information that it's finding in order to locate what you're

searching for.

So make sure that you use update DV sort of frequently OK.

So two more things I want to show you and then we'll close out this video and move on to the next one.

So an important thing you want to do with your new account is we're using a default password and that's

not very secure.

So to change a password for our user we can just type in P.A. SS WD and now it's going to ask us for

a password.

So instead of using Tor we can use something else.

I'm going to type in the very secure password as my password for an example here.

But if you plan on using this machine for future reference you can type in a secure password and kind

of keep it.

So lastly I want to show you is something called man.

So man pages man pages are your instructions for any command that you're running.

Most commands come with a man page.

So let's say we want to look at L S we can say man l s and then it's going to give us all this information

here about L S.

So if you see it says l us as list directory contents.

Awesome.

And then it gives you will options we can do well we can do a dash a for all what you saw earlier and

you can kind of scroll through here and just see exactly what it has to offer.

And that's kind of it.

So when you go through here you can kind of you know if you're struggling to you know there's a command

in there but you're not sure exactly what the command is.

You can type in Man and search it and sometimes you can do.

Alas I don't know if this is going to work but dash dash help and you get some information as well.

It doesn't provide you the full man pages but it provides you something pretty close.

So that's kind of just your way around if you ever get stuck something to look for.

OK.

So that's it for this lesson.

Next we're going to move on to users and privileges how to add users and how to how to change some pseudocode

and some modifications to our file permissions.