All language subtitles for Adolf Hitler - The Greatest Story Never Told (2013) Documentary

The story began here in the
Austrian town of Braunau,

with a child born in
this house, Adolf Hitler.

At his peak, the most
popular ruler in Europe.

The child born here in Braunau,
belonged to that handful of human beings,

who have clearly and decisively
changed the history of the 20th century.

Linz, Austria, the site of the
only memorial to the Hitler family.

The grave of
Hitler's parents.

Nothing about his
parents or Adolf's early life,

gave any hint of the extra
ordinary career that was to come.

His father Alois was a stern short tempered
custom's official who beat his son.

His mother Klara
tried to protect him.

When she died young
Adolf was broken by grief.

He kept her portrait with
him for the rest of his life.

The infant Adolf was baptized
and brought up as a Catholic.

At the age of 6 he entered the
monastery school at Lambach.

Soon he was
top of his class.

Hitler was a chorister at the
Great Abby Church of Lumbach.

I used he said, "to intoxicate myself
with the solemn splendor of the services."

Every day when he sang in the choir,
he saw the memorial to an earlier abbot.

Above it was an emblem,
which a quarter of a century later,

Hitler was to adopt for the
Nazi Party, the Swastika.

In his teens Hitler became
a moody adolescent.

At secondary school in Linz, he
lost interest in most of his work.

His ambition was to go to Vienna
and become an Artist or Architect.

Once there he produced architectural
drawings and water colors like these.

Competent, but not good enough
to win the place he longed for

at the Viennese
Academy Of Fine Arts.

Little by little all Hitlers early
ambitions in Vienna turned sour.

After the shock of
being turned down twice

by the Academy of Fine
Arts, he became a drifter.

Hitler later called his period in Vienna
the most miserable time of my life.

Three of those
miserable years,

were spent here in a Viennese back
street at this hostile for homeless men.

In this depressing hostile, the future
Fuhrer passed much of the day

sitting with other inmates churning
out drawings of water colors

which earned him
a modest income.

When he drifted from
Vienna to Germany in 1913,

he was still dreaming of becoming
a great Artist or famous Architect.

Munich, the first
of August 1914.

A cheering crowd welcomes the
outbreak of the First World War.

On the right is a photographer and
among the crowd he's photographing,

is the 25 year
old Adolf Hitler.

If you look at the tenacity of his
service, I mean he's a fanatic.

And he petitioned King
Ludwig III of Bavaria,

to enlist in what is referred to
as the King's own regiment.

That's an elite
Bavarian unit.

He was accepted, but put in the
16th Bavarian reserve infantry.

And World War One is a
major influence on Hitler's life.

Now he served his basic
training without complaining.

But he was always willing to
offer his fellow comrades help.

He spoke about the evil of tobacco
and alcohol to his fellow soldiers,

and they liked him because of
his drawings that he did for them.

He would do
sketches for them.

Remember he sketched and did a
variety of things you know in his youth,

as he was trying to
get into Art school.

So he really got along
with his fellow soldiers.

At one point during the trench
duties, in between 1914 - 1918,

he will have a dog, somebody
going to steal from him.

During World War
One Adolf Hitler

repeatedly, repeatedly
volunteered for hazardous duty.

His first combat was
October the 29th, 1914.

Hitler's unit lost 3,000 of its 3,600 men,
after making 5 assaults on the enemy position.

Now Hitler had one
of his sleeves shot off.

He walked out of a tent where
he'd been talking with some men,

and a couple of seconds later a shell
hits and blows it to kingdom come.

And for his
fighting in this unit,

he was awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd
Class for Bravery, Bravery Under Fire.

And he was
promoted to Corporal.

So this is a well
deserved award.

Later, he became a runner, which meant he
moved messages from the rear to the front,

and it's a very
high mortality job.

And he liked it, he
always liked that job.

Then in December, of 1914, when
you have the famous Christmas truce,

on December the 25th, Hitler
wouldn't leave his trench.

And his comment was, "such a
thing should not happen in War time".

Then he told his buddies that participated,
that they were wrong to get involved.

So no fun, while the war goes
on, those are your enemies.

Now between 1914 - 1916, in the final
stages of the Battle Of The Somme,

Adolf Hitler was wounded in
the leg by a shell fragment.

This sent him back to
Germany to recover.

And he's there for
about 5 months.

Hitler could have stayed back in Germany,
on light duty because of his wound,

but demanded to be
sent back to the front.

So this...
he's no shirker.

You've got to give the guy some
due here for not being a chicken.

A lot of people, you know, look
for a way to get out of there.

Then you have Hitler
back again on trench duty,

and then he shows up again during
the of course German offensives.

Now, during the
Ludendorff offensives,

he was armed with a pistol and
he captured five French soldiers.

And for that he received
the Iron Cross 1st Class.

You didn't get those at any
time in the war for free.

You can't dismiss
his decorations.

He wins the Iron Cross 2nd
Class in 1914, 1st Class in 1918,

and then in mid October he got
another battle field decoration.

But he's never promoted because he
had a Captain, Captain Fritz Wiedemann,

said he lacked the
capacity for leadership.

You just can't make
these statements.

As the war turned against Germany,
he believed that the pacifists

and the shirkers, which were people trying
to get out of duty, were losing the war.

And the thing that enraged
him even worse is what is

referred to as
"defeatism" in the ranks.

They're actually non-commissioned officers,
who said it was stupid to keep fighting.

He beat one up.

So we have a Corporal beating
up a non-commissioned officer,

and he doesn't get into
trouble for it. He's a fanatic.

The end of the war Hitler was gassed by
the British forces advancing their Ypres

in mid October 1918.

It bloated his face up,
in particular his eyelids.

Constantly watering eyes,
had a hoarse voice.

He then had this terrible pain, he referred
to it "piercing pain in my eye socket".

He hated leaving the
front to go to the hospital.

He considered it the
happiest chapter in his life.

Being there, being something,
being with people,

you know he had friends, and he had
comrades while he was in the war.

He was
not a loner.

He had the respect of
his fellow soldiers.

He had purpose.

By early November Hitler's spirits
had come back, and it's very common

for people who had been
gassed to plunge into depression,

because they're concerned about
being blind the rest of their lives.

On November the 9th, this is
two days before the Armistice,

a local Pastor came to the hospital and
told the patients that on November the 8th,

that the Kaiser had abdicated,
and Germany was now a Republic.

And he told them
that the war was lost.

Defeat was followed by a
humiliating peace at Versailles.

The injustice of Versailles rankled with
most Germans for the next 20 years.

Unable to accept that the
German army had lost the war,

Hitler convinced himself that the
soldiers had been stabbed in the back

by Communist revolutionaries
and parliamentary Politicians.

The stab in the back he believed was
part of a great Jewish conspiracy.

Suddenly Hitler discovered the greatest talent
he possessed, the gift of public speaking.

He joined the small group of
fanatical Nationalists in Munich.

They became the National Socialist
German Workers Party, or Nazis.

In 1921, Hitler
became their leader.

The first film of the
apprentice Fuhrer campaigning

shows him as still a
rather awkward figure.

Not yet certain of his roll
as Germany's Messiah.

In 1923, Hitler felt strong enough
to try and seize power in Munich.

Emil Klein, the only stormtrooper
still alive who marched with Hitler,

now retraces their steps.

Everything went well

until the marchers found armed Police
blocking their exit from a narrow street.

"We were still singing as
we marched down the street.

Suddenly, we heard shots
being fired all around us.

Procession started.

We were speechless, we
couldn't explain what had happened,

until word came from the front of
the march saying Hitler was dead.

I saw men with
tears in their eyes,

and I myself was very moved to, and had
great difficulty keeping myself under control

Though Hitler in fact
survived the hail of bullets,

he was arrested and locked
in a cell in Landsberg prison.

At first he was so depressed,
he refused to eat.

Then his
confidence returned,

as he discovered that the failed
uprising had made him a local hero.

At the trial Hitler
rounded on his accusers.

He told the Judges, who
gave him a prison sentence,

"history will tear to tatters
the verdict of this court!"

You have been accused of 'High Treason'
and called 'An Enemy Of The State'!

"If I am guilty
of anything,

then I am guilty of fighting to defend
the rights to the German people."

Herr Hitler, the court
finds you Guilty of Treason.

You are hereby sentenced
to a fine of 200 Gold Marks,

and 5 years in
Landsberg prison.

You will...you will be eligible
for parole in 9 months.

After the propaganda
triumph at his trial,

Hitler set out to write the
Bible of National Socialism.

He dictated much of the text here in his
cell to his faithful follower, Rudolph Hoess.

On Saturday evenings, the
other prisoners sat around

as Hitler read out the
completed chapters to them.

The book as a whole, dwells on the great
obsessions which had come to dominate

Hitler's political thought; the Jews, racism,
living space for the German people,

the evils of communism and
parliamentary democracy.

But it also includes
Hitler's views on a variety

of other topics ranging
from boxing to syphilis.

The amazing appeal Hitler was later to exer-
cise, but on his mastery of the spoken word.

After prison, the Leader, or Fuhrer as he now
called himself, had a new political strategy.

Instead of planning another coup,
he aimed to win power at the polls.

What was to win him millions of votes, was
instead, his vision of a great national revival.

Hitler's election opportunity came
with the onset of the depression.

In a few years, 1 in 3 of the
labor force was out of work.

Ilsa Vemple, was a church social
worker during the depression

among the unemployed
in the Berlin slums.

"The despair was so
terrible as I can't describe it.

You had everywhere beggars, wherever
you went in Berlin, you had beggars."

The democratic political
parties offered no solution.

To millions of Germans, the
only hope was Adolf Hitler.

Have you been to
the marketplace?

Do you know how much it costs
for a loaf of bread these days?

$500,000 marks.

$500,000 marks!

The wheelbarrows aren't big
enough to carry the money in!!

He's afraid I'll
stir things up.

You tell Commissar Kahr,
this is not a time for silence.

"I supported Hitler because he, after having
seen all that depravity, all that poverty here,

was the only one who could do
social justice to the people here."

"He had that ability,

the ability derived from his
readiness to throw himself totally open

to...to appear as it were,
bare & naked before his audience,

to tear open his heart

and display it, to throw
on a few extra generators

and suddenly become
absolutely charged with energy."

It wasn't as though
he was using words,

it's as though the emotions
came direct without words almost.

There was a rawness
about Hitler's power.

Six and a half Million
votes. 107 seats.

The biggest party
in the Reichstag.

Get me Hitler.

Nobody has ever had this
power to move audiences so easily.

What he says...
it's the way he says it!

Hitler comes to power, not as he had
hoped through outright victory at the polls,

but as head of a
coalition government.

As this withering glance suggests,
Hitler despises his coalition partners.

He quickly out maneuvers them,
and establishes his own dictatorship.

A month after he
comes to power,

the Reichstag building, the parliament
building, in Berlin is set on fire.

This happens to come at the time when
he is constantly insisting that there is a

communist plot to overthrow the new
government, and to scary out a revolution.

And the Reichstag fire goes up
in flames which everybody can see.

Before that night was over, he
had got a set of decrees drawn up,

which transformed
the situation politically.

All the guarantees, in which
people in any democratic state,

the freedom of speech and so on, freedom
from arrest, all of this is swept away.

A majority of Germans tolerate the burning of
books, the banning of other political parties,

and the setting up of a police state, because
Hitler offers a way out of the depression.

If he's doing things which are
not so good, which happened,

then we said, "well, you have to
take the rough with the smooth."

Dictatorship seemed to be the
only way to get out of the mess,

and so, I thought that was a good thing that
they cut away all this nonsense and rather

did something, really did
something, and that's what Hitler did.

He eliminated the crushing
unemployment that Germany suffered.

And he gave millions of people
new confidence, and indeed, welfare.

They were doing
better; much better.

They came in the tens of thousands, full
of youthful idealism to worship the Fuhrer,

the awesome surroundings
of the Nuremberg stadium.

Among the worshipers in the Hitler Youth was
Alfons Heck, now a writer of the Nazi period.

The decisive turning point in my
life occurred at the age of ten.

From that moment on, I would
remain beholden to Adolf Hitler,

long until after
our defeat.

I was one of 82,000 members of the
Hitler Youth lined up in Zeppelin's Field.

I stood in
the first row.

And when Hitler
began to speak,

we were just tingling with
nervousness, filing to see our god.

Then he appeared
on the podium.

I was afraid to
look at my neighbor,

because I didn't want him
to see the tears in my eyes,

my knees
were shaking.

Then Hitler beamed down on us, he
calmed us down by lifting his hands,

both hands
several times.

When he began to speak it was
in a very conversational tone,

man to boy,
father to son.

Then he said how fortunate
we were to live in this new age.

And he said from now on, you no longer have
to fear any class distinction, you're all one.

But the essence, and the emphasis
occurred in the final sentences.

He leaned over the podium, and I
know he looked straight into my eyes.

And he said, "You, my boys, the
young of Germany, live in a fortunate time,

because you are the standard
bearers of the movement.

You will inherit what we
have so far created."

And from that moment on, without
any doubt, I was bound to Adolf Hitler.

Long until
after our defeat.

The mid 1930s were the
halcyon years of Hitler's Germany.

Germany was at peace, her prosperity
restored, her national pride recovered.

To those prepared to ignore or justify, the
police state, it seemed a beautiful Germany.

A host of distinguished foreign visitors, many
with impeccable democratic credentials,

came to call on the Fuhrer at
his mountain retreat, the Berghof.

Among them, was the former British
Prime Minister, David Lloyd George.

With LG, was his
secretary Albert Sylvester.

Hitler run down
the flight of stairs

to welcome LG as
he got out of his car.

Shook hands with him most warmly, and
conducted us into the inside of the Berghof.

This massive room, the
only light of which came

from a massive window, which was
terrific, I'd never seen such a window.

Lloyd George said, "You have
done great things for Germany.

You have restored her honor,
and you have gained for her equal rights."

I've met a few.
Arm chair Politicians.

Care more about their money,
than they do their own country.

Yes, but surely as your
Parties propaganda leader,

you must know, that in
order to defend their money

they'll spend it.
A good deal of it.

That is if someone they trust
tells them that it is a safe bet.

That's where
I come in.

Herr Hitler, I can make you very popular.
Far more popular than him.

But you have to admit,
the color catches the eye.

On the morning of the
12th of March 1938,

German soldiers crossed the
border into neighboring Austria.

They were greeted not with bullets and
guns, but with roses and carnations.

So much so, that the action became known
as the "Blumenkrieg", the "War of Flowers".

Most of the
Austrian people,

envying what they saw as the
economic success and prestige,

that Hitler had brought to Germany,
now welcomed their German neighbors.

One People, One
Reich, One Leader.

In a demonstration of how central he
was personally to this whole system,

Hitler traveled across
Austria on a campaign tour.

I think the thing...
some period

around the end of '37 - '38,
Hitler feels well this is fine,

but I didn't
come to power

just to restore German self
confidence and solve this more,

he changed
his gear I think.

And then getting rid of a number
of the old guard, and the army,

and the foreign office, and so on.
And he becomes more aggressive.

It was the 12th of March 1938.
Austria was showered with Swastika's.

He crossed the border near
his birth place at Braunau.

People rejoiced
him, the "Anschluss",

which they saw as the fulfillment of
an old dream of the German nation.

An emphatic display
of self determination.

A right denied to the German
people of the Versailles Treaty,

whose terms were
generally considered unjust.

Visibly moved
he entered Vienna.

The city that had seen his early
failures, now gave him a hero's reception.

Homage was being
paid to the man

who had achieved the
unification of the German people.

The welcome here was
the most tumultuous yet.

It was here, far from the millions of his
followers, that Hitler felt most able to relax.

The inner circle
at the "Berghof",

saw a quite different man from the
charismatic Fuhrer of the party rallies.

Life at Hitler's retreat, was
both reassuring and agreeable.

And their was an entertaining
side to the off duty Fuhrer

as Ribbentrop's private
secretary discovered.

"I was overwhelmed by the possibility
to meet the Fuhrer personally.

And for instance, for the beginning,
he was a sort of a Messiah for me.

He was a man
who liked to joke.

He could laugh a lot. He
didn't accept two sort of jokes.

Dirty jokes and political
jokes, they were bad.

But all the other jokes
he enjoyed terribly."

Hitler had no close friends in whom
to confide his inner most feelings.

He could never admit
human weakness to anyone.

But the inner circle discovered
one secret of his private life,

which was unknown
to ordinary Germans.

"When Hitler was talking for hours and
I was standing near to the wall, waiting,

until they want some
papers or something?

And the
curtain opened,

Eva Braun appeared and says,
'Adolf, we must to have lunch now.'

And she didn't bother him
with political questions.

And he didn't want
to give her influence.

And he thought that as
long as he is a bachelor,

he has the love of
the German women.

Because if
he's married,

the impression is not the
same on the other women.

And she gave
him a little bit...

a home of bourgeois, a quality with
tea, with cake, and I think with sex."

You think it was a
sexual relationship?

"Certainly."

A wave of relief and gratitude
for the Fuhrer swept Germany.

His iron nerve had freed the Germans
in Czechoslovakia, and yet averted war.

The US state
department

in its 3-volume report on the origins of
Communism in Russia, published in 1931,

reveals how Jewish controlled German
banks under the leadership of Max Warburg

conspired as early as 1914 to send
large payments to Lenin, Trotsky,

and others in their attempts
to bring down the Tsar.

When the White
Russian patriots

heroically attempted to regain
their freedom from the Jews,

the Judaica says compact Jewish
masses were utilized by the Bolsheviks

to suppress such
counter revolution.

Clearly Jews & native Russians
were engaged in a death struggle

over the destiny
of Russia.

Unfortunately, the Jewish masses won...
the Jewish masses won...the Jewish...

'We will survive',
that's what they tell us.

What they mean is,
'THEY will survive!'

We surrendered in November, at a time
when we were perched on the edge of victory,

betrayed by the cowards
and the traitors within our ranks.

[Man in crowd shouts...]
"Lousy Communist pigs!"

How do we
fight them?

We unite! We must join
together, for a greater Germany!

We will hang the profiteers,
crush the Communists,

we will disinfect our country
of the Jewish vermin!

We will sacrifice,
we will struggle yes,

but only then will we triumph.
And we will triumph!

We will triumph! We will triumph!
We will triumph! We will triumph!

We will triumph!
We will triumph...

1914 was the year in which
World War I broke out.

Within two years,
Germany had won that war.

The German submarines,
which were a surprise to the world,

had swept all the convoys
from the Atlantic Ocean,

and Great Britain stood there
without ammunition for her soldiers,

stood there with one week's food
supply and after that, starvation.

At that time the French
army had mutinied;

they lost 600,000 of the
flower of the French youth.

The Russian army was defecting;
they didn't like the Tsar,

and the Italian
Army had collapsed.

Not a shot had been fired on the German soil.
Not an enemy solider had crossed the border

into Germany and yet, here was
Germany offering England peace terms.

Well, England in the summer of
1916 was considering that, seriously,

they had no choice.
While that was going on,

the Zionists in Germany
went to the British war cabinet,

"Look here, you can win this war, if
the United States will come in as your ally.

The price you must pay us is
Palestine after you have won the war

and defeated Germany,
Austria-Hungary, and Turkey."

They made that
promise in October of 1916.

Now, that is something that the people in
the United States have never been told.

They never knew why
we went into World War I.

After we got into the war, the Zionists
went to Great Britain and they said,

'Let's have
something in writing

that shows that you are
going to keep your bargain

and give us Palestine
after you win the war.'

And that was called
"The Balfour Declaration".

The Balfour Declaration was merely
Great Britain's promise to pay the Zionists

what they had agreed upon as a considera-
tion for getting the United States into the war.

That is where all
the trouble started."

Down with
the Kaiser!

Death to
the Kaiser!

Above all,

we must remove
the Jews.

They run our banks,
they lost us the war.

They alone are responsible for
the economic disaster we're in.

(A wise German senior citizen
summarizes the Jewish problem.)

"When you ask, what have
the Germans done to the Jews,

you must always ask, what have
done the Jews to the Germans.

Since 1850, when the Jews became;
got all the political rights in Germany,

the German Reich; they have done
3 things which are really dramatic.

Number 1: They were a small
minority of 2% of the population.

At the time when Hitler came to power,
500,000 within 60 million German people.

500,000 among 60 million.
They were a small minority.

This small minority managed to
control of about 50% of the media;

to give about
70% of all judges;

to have a tremendous
influence in movie, and in theater,

and in literature, they
were over-represented.

This is one thing, they were
absolutely overrepresented

as today in England, in
France, and in United States.

Second, Jews were
at the origin of a lot of

catastrophic financial bank crashes
in Germany between 1870 and 1920.

In that time, they made a
lot of crashes, which have...

This is all documented, it's not Nazi propa-
ganda, or anti-Semitic, or Arab propaganda.

It's a lot of books have been published, even
by Jewish-Germans, about this problem.

They have millions of
German fathers [who] have lost

their uh, their uh, their incomes
their uh their fortune, their savings,

because of these Jewish gangsters,
bank gangsters and speculation people.

Then the third point which was
psychologically the most dangerous of all,

they have introduced into German
art and culture and theater and movie:

decadence - immorality.

The first homosexual theaters, plays
were made in Berlin in the 1920s.

The first adultery theater plays were made in
the 1880s & the 1890s, a hundred years ago,

by Jewish authors, adultery,
then sexual perversions of all sorts:

sadism, masochism, lot of
homosexuality all these things and

then the decadent art you know,
an art which is absolutely ridiculous,

so called modern art, it was
all pushed by Jewish intellectuals

and this created among the
German people, a big, uh, a big revolt.

And they also, they wrote books,
ridiculing Christianity, ridiculing Jesus.

And there were furious reactions in Germany.
And this is why Adolf Hitler came to power.

And you see then Hitler in
two years, from '33 to '35,

he brought six million unemployed
Germans back into their jobs.

He created 6 million
jobs. It's incredible."

Secret negotiations between the
Nazis and the Zionists in 1933,

which allowed German Jews and
their assets to go to Palestine.

A group of Zionists,
at the same time,

was quietly negotiating an
agreement with the Nazis,

to allow the immigration of German Jews
and the transfer of their assets to Palestine.

That deal, reported in August 1933,
was the Transfer Agreement.

Palestine, sparsely
settled by Jews at the time,

was radically
changed as a result.

I lived in Palestine
from 1933 to 1936.

And uh, we saw, every week, passports of
German Jews, coming to settle in Palestine.

German-Jewish settlement of Palestine
was, for a time, official Nazi policy.

These photos, of Jewish life in Palestine,
along with a lengthy text, appeared in 1934,

in the Berlin paper,
Der Angriff, the publisher,

Hitler's propaganda
minister Joseph Goebbels.

"A Nazi Visits Palestine", was
the title of the multi-part series.

A medal was struck by
Goebbels in commemoration.

On one side the Swastika,
on the other, The Star Of David.

Hitler demanded one concession
for the transfer agreement.

That the call for a Boycott of the Reich,
raised by Jews here and elsewhere,

be rejected
by the Zionists.

The Zionists made
that concession.

Come closer!

Let me speak!

England, France and Russia are
joining forces against our ally Austria.

We must stand with her,
united, ready to sacrifice.

The allied leaders were arguing their way
over the whole future of the German people.

Under their hands the map of
Europe was drawn, and re-drawn again.

At last, after more than
three months of discussion,

they presented the terms of
their treaty to the Germans.

Germany lost land in the
East, the West, and the North.

In the East, the most important of those
losses was the wide strip of territory

given to the newly
independent Poland,

separating East Prussia
from the rest of Germany.

While on the West, France took back
the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine.

And was also given the
right to mine coal in the Saar,

an area placed under League
of Nations control for 15 years.

To protect France, Germany was forbidden
to station soldiers in the Rhineland,

an area which was to be
occupied by Allied troops until 1935.

It was not only the loss of
territory which Germany resented,

but also the fact that
Czechoslovakia & Poland,

now contained large
numbers of Germans.

And as if to
add insult to injury,

the treaty forbade German
speaking Austria to unite with Germany.

Her fortifications
were to be destroyed.

Her army was to be
reduced to a 100,000 men.

No Air Force.
No submarines.

And to accept blame for starting
the War and pay reparations.

So, in the high summer of 1919, the
German delegates were brought to the great

Hall of Mirrors of Versailles
to sign the peace treaty.

It was a compromised peace that
satisfied not even one single Allied leader

and predictably the
Germans loathed it.

The Germans argued that the Germany to which
they were returning had suffered poverty

and unemployment in
the years since the war,

and couldn't afford the vast
sums demanded by the Allies.

But these arguments
didn't impress the Allies,

who fixed the sum of 6,600,000,000
pounds for the Germans to pay.

That sum would have to be
paid in goods as well as money.

Most would come from here in the
Ruhr, the industrial heart of Germany.

But at the end of 1922, the Germans
fell behind with their payments,

and Raymond Poincare,

the new French Prime
Minister, decided to act.

If Germany wouldn't pay in full and on
the nail, then France would help herself.

So, on the 11th
of January, 1923,

French and Belgian troops entered
the Ruhr to force the Germans to pay up.

There was of course, after Versailles,
no German army big enough to stop them.

At first, the French believed that they
could make the Germans work for them.

But suddenly, German politicians and
people were united in a common cause;

hatred of the French.

And huge protest meetings
were held all over Germany.

Their attitude towards the
Germans in the Ruhr began to harden.

They tried to cut off the Ruhr
off from the rest of the country.

German visitors were searched as
if they were entering a foreign land.

1923 was
disastrous for Germany.

In that year, the great
German inflation reached its peak.

For some time the value of
the Mark had been dropping.

As the value of the notes decreased, so the
amounts of notes needed to buy things grew.

Banks became more
and more hard pressed,

to meet the ever-increasing
demand for paper money.

For their customers,
suitcases replaced wallets.

As Germany slipped towards disaster,
Gustav Stresemann was appointed Chancellor.

The loss of production in the
Ruhr was making inflation even worse,

and Stresemann realized that the only
way to help the economy back to normal,

was to call off resistance there,
and get production going again.

The government also announced that
Germany would resume the payment of reparations;

it was the only possible
way of getting the French out.

But to the nationalists, it looked like again
another pathetic surrender to Germany's enemies.

General Ludendorff, who had never
accepted that Germany had ever been defeated,

gave his support to Adolf Hitler, the
leader of the new National Socialist party.

Until 1934, conflicts between
Germany and Poland smoldered.

Danzig, next to East Prussia, had
been completely cut off from the Reich.

Warsaw continued to try to rest total control
over this strategically important harbor city.

In West Prussia, the
situation was similar.

East Prussia was now completely
cut off from the German Reich.

Bolstered by English and
French guarantees of war support,

Poland has no further incentive to
negotiate in good faith with Germany,

and in the meantime in Warsaw,
maps are suddenly starting to circulate

which contain a new Western-Polish
border, extending to just West of Berlin.

All across Poland, the so-called
pogroms against the minorities begin.

Night after night, polish border
officials shot at the fleeing Germans.

Shortly before the
official outbreak of war,

there were already 80,000
ethnic Germans in refugee camps

in both Danzig and
the German Reich.

The misery of the
minority Germans in Poland

had now developed the third & most pressing
reason that would lead to the outbreak of war.

Hitler now has a problem that Britain
and France will declare war on them.

At this point, Poland is actually committing,
pretty bad atrocities against the

German minority in West Prussia, in the
German part of Poland at that time.

And so given that Poles
are committing atrocities

against the German
minority in Poland,

Hitler is now at a
very tough situation.

Basically it's like, alright
if I don't declare war on

Poland, if I don't go in and
help these Germans out,

well then, the German minorities are
just going to keep getting slaughtered.

And it's not an insignificant amount of
Germans in that area who are being killed,

it was pretty bad what was going on,
what the Poles were doing in that area.

And so, he was basically
saying well, if we don't go in,

then those Germans are just
going to keep getting slaughtered.

If we go in, we're going to find
ourselves at war with Poland,

France, and Britain, and
possibly the Soviet Union.

But in a move of
brilliant cunning,

he astonished the world in the summer
of 1939, by doing a deal with Stalin.

With Stalin on his side,

Hitler was sure nobody else would
interfere, when he attacked the Poles.

Whilst the military commissions of the
Western powers are still negotiating in Moscow

with a view of enlisting Russia
in their front against Germany,

Reich Foreign
Minister Von Ribbentrop

flies to the Soviet capital to
sign a pact of non-aggression

and consultation with Mr. Stalin
and Foreign Commissar Molatov.

Applause greets the Fuhrer
who has just arrived

at the Kroll Opera House
to address the Reichstag,

which has been called
in an extraordinary session.

[Hitler states via a translator...]

"Danzig was and
is a German city.

to have only Germany to
thank for their cultural development.

I told the Polish ambassador three weeks
ago, that if the situation continued as it was,

if Danzig was persecuted, and if it were
attempted by Poland to ruin Danzig economically,

the situation could
not be tolerated."

[Radio announcer states]

"We interrupt this broadcast of Adolf
Hitler's speech just moments early,

to report a dispatch from Paris, which
says that Premier Daladier of France,

has now called the French Council of
Ministers for an emergency meeting."

[Hitler states via a translator...]

"I, therefore, resolve
to speak to Poland

in the same language in which Poland
has addressed us for such a long time."

[Radio commentator]
"Once again we interrupt very briefly.

This talk by Chancellor Hitler,
to announce that, in London,

Parliament has been
summoned to meet at 6 pm in London."

[Hitler states
via a translator...]

"Poland, for the first time, this evening,
has shot at regular soldiers upon our territory.

From now on, bomb
will be met by bomb."

"I am speaking to you, from the
Cabinet Room, at 10 Downing Street.

This morning, the British ambassador in Berlin,
handed the German government, a final note,

stating that unless we heard from them by
11 o'clock, that they were prepared at once,

to withdraw their troops from Poland,
a state of war would exist between us.

I have to tell you now, that no
such undertaking has been received,

and that, consequently, this
country is at war with Germany."

Hitler didn't want a
general war, what he wanted,

and I have no doubt about this,
he wanted a war to destroy Poland.

That he was
prepared for.

For a moment, he was disconcerted
to find that he might be involved in war

with Britain and France, because,
this had never been his plan.

He had always regarded
Britain as his natural ally.

But, in the
end, he accepted.

'Look, I have a
Nazi-Soviet pact,

which guarantees that this will
not develop into a general war.

I shall be able to knock Poland out in
three weeks, which he more or less did.

After that, the West isn't
going to start up a war again.

Six weeks of German
Blitzkrieg defeats France.

Paris is Hitler's.

France asked
Hitler for an armistice.

Shortly before 3 o'clock, on
the afternoon of June 21st, 1940,

he arrived in the
forest of Compiegne.

Hitler himself took the seat
where Marshall Foch had sat.

The French delegation led by General
Huntziger followed closely behind.

When the French
delegation entered the carriage,

Hitler could fully relish
the peak of his career.

Long ago on
entering politics,

he had sworn never to rest until the shame
of November 1918 had been wiped out.

Now, he had done it.

But the dream of his lifetime,
he said, had been fulfilled.

Berlin greeted him
with flowers of jubilation.

Hitler's triumphal return to Berlin,
sent a flood of respect and adulation.

[A German man states...]

"The church
bells rang all day,

and the mood of elation really
penetrated throughout the country."

[Another German man states...]

"My feelings towards Hitler were such
as if he were some super human being

between man and a
God, sent by Providence."

This was the man who had obliterated
the humiliation of The First World War.

Germany was absolutely in a
position to direct the course of the war.

All we had to defeat now,
we believed, was Britain.

The German fighter
ace, Adolf Galland,

also thinks the next
priority is the Battle of Britain,

but when he meets Hitler, he discovers
that the Fuhrer's priorities are different.

Galland: "I told him that our good time
would come, and we could bomb London

and the fighters could...the
English fighters couldn't take off.

He said "No, no,
no, no...stop this.

I don't like this.

I really don't like the
fight against England.

The English people are so
similar people to the Germans,

and I have the highest respect for
the English building up an empire.

So, you must understand,

I'm forced to fight this fight
against England, but I don't like it."

I think that he himself had not
got any great wish to engage

on an invasion of Britain, because
all the time by now we know,

he was already beginning to get
itchy, and wanting to turn eastwards,

after defeating France.

But Goering insisted

that with the Luftwaffe, with the Air
Force alone, he could knock Britain out.

So he gave
him his head to try.

Hello America, this is Edward
Murrow speaking from London.

There were more German planes
over the coast of Britain today

than at any time
since the war begun.

By an overwhelming majority congress
passed Lend-Lease -- bill number 1776.

I've asked this congress
for authority and for funds,

sufficient to manufacture additional
munitions and war supplies of many kinds,

to be turned over to those
nations which are now in actual war,

with aggressor nations.

Our most useful
and immediate roll,

is to act as an arsenal for
them as well as for ourselves.

We shall send in ever increasing
numbers: ships, planes, tanks, guns.

That is our purpose
and our pledge.

Stalin came to power
on the death of Lenin,

and ruled the Soviet
Union by fear and torture

for nearly the
next 30 years.

During that time he was
responsible for some 40 million deaths.

Stalin spent his first years in
power consolidating his position.

He managed to sideline Trotsky,
whom he perceived as his major rival.

In 1929 Stalin implemented a
policy known as collectivization.

Lenin's experiment in nationalizing
the land had remained half finished,

and Russian peasants were
still working their own land

and selling their own
produce in the markets.

By means of collectivization, Stalin
meant to complete Lenin's initiative,

and to take away all of the peasants
lands & produce in the name of the state.

In 1930, peasant's produce
began to be collected up.

The Red Army one-by-one seized
the produce from every single field.

Some peasants managed to hide
their goods rather than give them up,

but communist party officials
searched every nook and cranny

eventually discovering
the hiding places.

The officials also seized the
peasant's agricultural equipment.

The peasants were left with nothing to
eat, and nothing to work the soil with.

Eventually, that catastrophe that Lenin had
described as the most useful for communism

raised its head again -- famine.

In Ukraine alone, 6 million people
starved over the next few years.

2 million died in Kazakhstan and
1 million in northern Caucasus.

Children reduced to skin
and bone died in agony.

There was another ghastly result of the
famine inspired by Stalin -- cannibalism.

Peasants maddened by
hunger began to eat corpses.

Then an even
worse horror emerged,

some peasants had kidnapped
children and eaten them.

In front of these two Russian
peasants caught eating human flesh,

lay the remains of the
children they had snatched.

Stalin's regime had turned
human beings into savage animals

just as communism
had intended.

Everyone who opposed Stalin's
collectivization policy paid with his life.

Tens of thousands of Kulaks
were detained and shot.

In actual fact,

the regime branded everyone it saw
as opposed to its ideology as Kulaks.

Large numbers of priests and even
members of their congregations,

who attended church
frequently were arrested as Kulaks.

Some were executed.

Others were sent to the labor camps
where a slow lingering death awaited them.

These camps were
set up all over Russia

and were simply another
of Stalin's killing machines.

Millions of people regarded as enemies
of the state were worked to death in them

under the most
terrible conditions.

Some were put to work laboring
on canals in the blazing heat,

others were sent off to break
rocks in the freezing cold of Siberia.

These people, forced to perform hard
labor under the worst possible conditions,

soon turned
into living skeletons.

The great majority
never left the camps alive.

The Soviet Union, like every communist
country, was an economic basket case.

It could not produce
enough to survive.

And so, every communist / socialist
state has been dependent upon aid from

the capitalist
producing states.

So, Russia was desperate for our aid,
both in terms of direct government aid,

but also in terms of opening up the
spigots for private capital markets,

particularly New York bankers and corpor-
ations to move into Russia in a big way.

In 1933 the Roosevelt administration invited
a Soviet representative to Washington

to negotiate terms of
diplomatic recognition.

Hans Frank is appointed
governor-general of Poland

and the country disappears from
the headlines of the world press.

Jews must wear the Star of David on
their arm, not carry it in their pocket.

In Warsaw there is a
streetcar exclusively for Jews.

A district a mile and a half
square is transformed into a ghetto.

From the Baltic
to the Black Sea,

three million German soldiers,
are moving into position

to launch Operation
Barbarossa.

It's the most brutal conflict
between two nations in recorded history,

is about to begin.

On the first day of Barbarossa
alone, 1,200 Soviet aircraft

are destroyed
in a single strike.

Panzer units sweeping East, are
already deep inside Soviet territory.

Chaos multiplies
the catastrophe.

Without orders from the Kremlin, Red Army
field Commanders lose control of their units.

Dazed, cut off, surrounded,
thousands of Soviet soldiers surrender.

And at the height of the
Wehrmacht's furious onslaught,

Stalin disappears completely.

He has every reason
to hide from his people.

Captured German
news real footage,

shows Soviet frontier troops overwhelmed.
A retreat under fire in total confusion.

Whole formations surrendering.

Hundreds of thousands of men
entangled with fleeing civilians

in scenes of
Biblical disorder.

Yet, there are some Soviet
citizens who welcome the invader.

To many in the Ukraine,
the arrival of the Germans

is a heaven sent opportunity
to throw off Stalin's yoke.

Local women bless the
Germans as they pass.

Their men folk destroy reminders of
a man who has terrorized them for years.

Stalin is above all stunned by the
shear speed of the German advance.

Still the Germans drive East. They're at the
outskirts of Kiev, Smolensk, and Leningrad.

Yet fierce pockets of Red Army
resistance fight on behind enemy lines.

The fortress
city of Brisk.

The besieged Red Army
garrison fights on and on,

for more than a month until they
are finally compelled to surrender.

Hitler is so impressed by the
tenacity of the Russian troops,

that he exercises rare clemency.
Only one survivor is shot.

The Political Officer at
the fortress Mikhail Fomin.

The Fuhrer sights the defense
of Brest as an heroic effort.

An example to
his own soldiers.

And he visits the fortress with Mussolini,
to acknowledge a hard earned victory.

But for Stalin, the defenders
of Brest are not heroes.

Years later, after they're
released from German capture,

he will send
survivors to the Gulag.

The Wehrmacht's rapid relentless
advance seems unstoppable.

Traveling at up
to 50 miles a day,

Panzer divisions are already
approaching the heart of Stalin's empire.

And in the
middle of July,

Stalin is forced to consider offering
the Germans a negotiated peace.

While Stalin contemplates
a way out of the war,

he is drawing up plans to punish
his own troops if they surrender.

In a desperate attempt to halt
the route, he issues order # 270.

All officers and Political Officials
taken prisoner at the front,

are to be
considered traitors.

If ever they return to the Soviet
Union, they will be arrested and executed.

But the barbarity of order
270 does not stop there.

The wives of captured troops also
face imprisonment in the Gulag.

Now with Moscow in
range of the Luftwaffe,

Stalin's own citadel of power
comes directly under attack.

German Armies
race for the Capital.

Elsewhere, army group
North heads for Leningrad.

Army group Center makes a
pincer movement towards Smolensk.

Army group South strikes
towards Kiev and the Ukraine.

The suburbs of Kiev,
the beginning of August.

In a fast pincer movement, German army
group South, threatens to encircle the city.

During August and the first
two weeks of September,

the Wehrmacht encircles a vast
area crammed with Red Army troops.

Four Soviet
Armies parish.

On the 18th of
September the city falls.

The Fuhrer is now
lord of all he surveys.

It seems as if he is on
course to meet his objective.

To crush Stalin's Russia
before winter sets in.

Leningrad lies ahead of the
Wehrmacht, defenseless.

As September
draws to a close,

Leningrad is totally cut off with no
land link left to the Soviet Union.

At the end
of September,

the Fuhrer launches Operation Typhoon,
the final drive alone the road to Moscow.

14 German tank and 74 infantry divisions,
a total of 1.8 million officers and men,

take part in the offensive.
Stalin has good cause for panic now.

Facing a disaster that might
sweep away the whole Soviet Union,

they have one last hope, that
the weather will save them.

Sleet is
turning to snow.

The ground frozen at night is
now a quagmire during the day,

paralyzing Hitler's
overstretched war machine.

On the 2nd of December, German
units reach Krasnaya Polyana,

17 miles from the
center of Moscow.

As the weather intensifies
and temperatures plummet,

the bleak truth is time
turns decisively against them.

Two Army Privates running
the Opana radar station,

are suddenly startled
by blips on the screen.

Fifty planes
headed for Owahu.

Immediately they report the sightings
to the Army Operations Center.

They're dismissed as US planes
coming from the mainland.

Aircraft designated for the
second wave of the attack take off.

Messenger boy
Tadao Fuchikami,

picks up General Marshall's urgent
cable for delivery to General Short.

Commander Fuchida's first
wave armada is on course.

Sleepy-eyed sailors and Marines,
their breakfast getting cold,

mistake the attack for some
crazy kind of air raid drill.

They think the
planes are American.

At 7:55 AM, dive bombers
hit Hickam and near airfields.

Two minutes later, torpedo planes
start their bomb on battleship row.

Three minutes later,
Zero's strafe other airbases.

It's Fuchida's first wave of aircraft that
hits the Arizona; she erupts like a volcano.

Flames burst
500 feet in the air.

Fuchida's deadly first waves
sinks the West Virginia.

Now, the Oklahoma,

a battle wagon moored outboard of the
US Maryland shutters with torpedo hits.

She begins listing...

and capsizes.

More torpedo's rip into the
battleships California and Nevada.

After the last
bomb is dropped

the United States of America
virtually has a Pacific Fleet...

no longer.

Yesterday,

December 7th, 1941,

A date which
will live in infamy,

the United States
of America

was suddenly and
deliberately attacked

by Naval and Air Forces
of the Empire of Japan.

Voice of Dr. Ingrid Rimland Zundel

We knew there
was a war on.

By that time,

what was left of us was herded into
the cattle trains and shipped to Siberia.

That was literally a matter of
hours if not minutes until our turn.

And we were already sitting at the
railroad station -- this was September 1941

when the German Army
overran the Ukraine,

and stopped the exiling; stopped
the trains. They stopped the trains.

And it was to us as if the
Lord had sent us the angels.

Here were people who stopped the
terror that had been upon us for 25 years.

Who came and opened
the churches for us

and said: "You can have
all the services you want".

It was
like heaven.

My mother, to the day she
died, never stopped talking

about the wonderful 2 years that she
had when the German Army came.

They took over the
houses - we gave them gladly!

It was magnificent!

And we were
absolutely convinced

that the Germans had come
to save us from Communism.

And never was there any reason for us
to change our minds -- why should we?

The Germans were
heroes in our eyes.

We absolutely
believed in Adolf Hitler,

we believed in the, in the nature of his
struggle, in the merits of his struggle.

We had these magnificent
German soldiers protecting us,

so the beginning was
not at all unpleasant.

But then it became grim,
then the winter came.

In the dark days
of Autumn 1941,

the Summers' defeats have
decimated the Red Army,

and Hitler's artillery could
strike Moscow itself.

Soviet Union seems on
the brink of total defeat.

But Stalin has his
back to the wall

and he will stop at nothing
to protect his power base.

Hitler and the Allies, expect the
fall of Moscow at any moment.

In the capital, an agitated Stalin
entrusts the defense to general Zhukov.

And it is his suggestion
at the end of November,

of a counter-attack against
the German pincers

that triggers hurried planning for a
massive Soviet counter-offensive.

It is a plan made possible by the seemingly
limitless depth of Red Army reserves.

His agent in Tokyo, Richard Sorge, has
sent word that Japan will not as feared,

attack the USSR
from Manchuria.

And for once, crucially, Stalin
trusts the advice of a minion.

He authorizes the transfer West of more
than half the Soviet strength in the Far East.

17 fresh divisions, trained regulars
with full armored and artillery support,

that will form the heart
of the counter-attack.

The first days of December
are an agony of anticipation,

but on the 5th Zhukov
unleashes his armies.

Within 48 hours the Soviet
thrusts are fully underway.

Hitler's furious order to hold
advanced positions is meaningless.

The Red Army's new T-34 tanks are
rugged, powerful fighting machines

designed to perform unfailingly in
the bitter cold of deepest Winter.

And swarms of specialist ski troops
are too fast for the ill-clad Wehrmacht.

German troops can only fall
back in astonished disarray.

As army groups enter, the juggernaut that
was to crush Moscow, is smashed apart.

After 6 months of catastrophic defeats, the
Red Army's hard-fought victory is undeniable.

And as the year closes, Soviet
towns and villages west of the capital

are being freed from
their brief Nazi occupation.

There will be more sweeping Soviet
victories, but none will burn more brightly

than this first astounding
recovery from the brink of defeat.

Convinced now that Germany
is on the brink of collapse,

Stalin demands
attack after attack.

Every remaining reserve
is thrown into the fray

as he seeks to drive the
invader from Soviet territory.

But it is impossible.

Their superhuman effort has taken
its toll, and the armies are exhausted.

Dissipated by Stalin's
overreaching ambition,

the offensives make only trivial
gains and at a dreadful cost.

And by the time its attacks
peter out in February,

the Red Army has lost almost a
million troops in the battle for Moscow.

That grim statistic will be hidden from
the Soviet people for half a century.

The majority of Wehrmacht units
may have escaped encirclement,

but they could not
save their equipment.

Now it lies abandoned everywhere;
a gigantic German scrapyard.

It is a fitting sight to show
British foreign minister Eden

when he arrives to
survey the battlefields.

For neither Britain nor Stalin's
new ally the United States

believed that Moscow could
survive the German onslaught.

But if the Western Allies are amazed,
this one victory has revealed to Stalin

a mirage of complete triumph and he
is totally committed to further attack.

But he has
miscalculated.

The Wehrmacht
is not yet beaten

and a furious Hitler is planning
massive new offensives.

His folly will again compel the Red
Army to fight in desperate defense.

And so the Soviet
people must struggle on.

It will be a long, painful journey and
many will not survive to its conclusion.

As the spring
campaigning season opens,

the Red Army's victories of late
1941 seem suddenly meaningless.

A hasty Soviet attack in
the south against Kharkov

is swallowed up by a
German counteroffensive.

For Soviet soldiers, this
could so easily be the end.

Even Stalin's son
has been captured.

And his image on
propaganda leaflets

adds credence to German
claims of imminent victory.

And on the brink of catastrophe,
he resorts as always, to terror.

Stalin's secret order number 227,
issued under his signature in late July 1942.

This notorious document makes any
unauthorized retreat punishable by death.

Not one step back.
Stalin means it literally.

And this unique footage shows NKVD
troops putting his edict into practice.

They're known
as blocking units.

Deployed just
behind the troops,

they pass instant sentence
on any who disobey order 227.

Enforcing the supreme commander's
will without hesitation or mercy.

The Fuhrer is
confident now,

certain that the Wehrmacht can seize
the vital oil centers of Grozny and Baku.

Two smaller German armies
have been advancing slowly east

towards the industrial
city of Stalingrad.

He sees a chance to cut all links
between Moscow and the Caucasus.

The city on the Volga
becomes his new prime target.

Stalingrad seems
there for the taking.

But this is Stalin's city, the very
symbol of his personal prestige.

And that is something even women
and children are expected to defend.

But when the thunder finally
abates, 50,000 lay dead.

Now, the Wehrmacht is moving
in to claim the rubble for its own.

As they inch
through the suburbs,

German troops surely
expect a rapid conquest.

Instead, they are entering a savage
killing ground, for a duel to the death

that will rank among the most
terrible in human experience.

For at their approach the
ruins spring to furious life.

Soviet soldiers and citizens do
not even contemplate surrender.

A thousand desperate
battles erupt on the streets.

And a wild labyrinth of constantly
shifting front lines swamps the city.

The front line might be a house,
an alley, a tram line or a wall.

And every street is a minefield,
virtually impassible for tanks or big guns,

so that soldiers, denied air and artillery
support, must fight eyeball to eyeball,

lives hanging on their wits, their
battle skills and their cunning.

General Chuikov, in command of the
62nd Army, mounts a skillful campaign,

but his outnumbered troops
cannot hope to stop the Wehrmacht.

And by early November it has
cut a swath across Stalingrad,

splitting the
62nd Army in two.

In a last desperate gesture, Chuikov mounts
assault after assault on the Mamayev ground,

a vital patch of high ground,
the very hub of the battle zone.

The hill changes hands
no less than eight times,

as Chuikov throws
everything into the fray.

And from the USA's Alaskan airfields,
fighter aircraft fly into Siberia

to aid a Red Army almost
ready to launch its counterstrike.

And on the
19th of November,

a huge artillery barrage by the
southwest front pierces the front.

And Yeryomenko's southern wing
surges forward on the next day.

The Wehrmacht, taken utterly
by surprise, cannot stop them.

And as its allies
collapse on the flanks,

there are no reserves to
stem the resurgent Red tide.

Within 3 days the Southwest
Front has taken Kalach,

some 80 kilometers
West of Stalingrad.

And on the 23rd of November,
a few miles southwest of Kalach,

its advanced units meet up
with Yeryomenko's forces.

Suddenly the German's Sixth
Army and the Fourth Panzer Army,

perhaps 300,000 of Hitler's finest
troops, are surrounded inside Stalingrad.

The hunter has been
captured by his prey.

An astonished Hitler summons
Manstein, his troubleshooter, to Stalingrad.

Two Soviet armies, the
51st and Second guards,

are rushed to meet Manstein's relief
force and stop it dead in its tracks.

The guards pay a high
price for stopping Manstein.

Almost two-thirds of the
army is killed or wounded.

There will be no relief now
for German troops in Stalingrad.

The Luftwaffe tries, but the Red
Army brings up extra AA batteries.

And the lumbering German transports
are blown out of the sky in their hundreds.

Yet, like Soviet troops before them,
they entertain no thought of surrender.

For ordinary
soldiers on both sides,

this is the ghastly climax
to a long, dark journey.

In the heart of the cauldron, Hitler's
gladiators know now that they are doomed.

They evacuate a few casualties
on the last plane out of Stalingrad.

And with it go their last words
to families, lovers, friends.

But though
they fight on,

the bullets are running out, and
the Red Army is still coming at them.

Finally, after five long months, a battle
that began almost by accident is over.

From early February, Stalin orders new
offensives all along the southern fronts.

Though they have fought and
survived the Battle of Stalingrad,

their commanders can
permit them no rest.

Instead they must struggle on
through the late winter blizzards,

instruments of their supreme
commander's lust for glory.

The Red Army drives deep into Nazi
held territories fighting exhaustion,

cold, mud. Inch by inch
the infantry advances.

The Fuhrer knows that if his stretched
forces are to defeat the Red Army in 1943,

they must attack quickly before it can
recover from the losses of the winter.

Hitler's strategy is
simple and optimistic.

In a two-pronged attack, he plans to
destroy the Soviet position around Kursk.

On the map, a great bulge 130
miles long and 100 miles deep

at the center of
the eastern front.

And so now, two gigantic
armies are converging.

The greatest tank battle
of all time is about to begin.

The great barrage of Katyusha rockets
and artillery announces counteroffensives

by 4 more Soviet armies sweeping around
the rear of the battered German divisions.

German offensive
operations are halted.

The Wehrmacht
can only retreat.

It leaves behind the
mangled debris of war.

Battle zones littered with
charred and broken tanks,

and the bodies of hundreds
of thousands of men.

For survivors of this savage
inferno, shattered, shell-shocked,

stunned by the horrors they have
witnessed, there can be no joy.

[Voice of Dr. Ingrid Rimland Zundel]

"1943 the story changed and
the Germans were pushed back.

And in the pushback they moved
us with them, and we went willingly.

There was no
moving at gunpoint.

Had we stayed back

the Communists would have taken us
and executed us or shipped us to Siberia.

So we very willingly
retreated with the Germans.

Food was
getting short.

The horses
were getting sick.

The road was
getting narrow.

It was
extremely cold.

When I think of the war, I do not
think of hunger so much as of cold.

It was always,
always cold.

And then of course once the winter
came, it became harder and harder.

We had to often stay
overnight in strange houses.

The army would confiscate houses,
[they] would put the refugees there.

The army protected
us to the end.

The army never, ever let us down.
NEVER let us down, to the very end."

“And the snow fell,
covering the dreams and ideals.

And the snow fell,
freezing the blood and the wheels.

And the snow fell,
they had to keep warm for survival.

And the snow fell,
and defeated the beast's only rival.

They took the old roads that
Napoleon had taken before.

They fought as the forces of light
against the darkness in a holy war.

One day they were looking around
at the sun shining on the cold flowers.

The next day they were freezing to death
in the snow and the ice cold showers.

And the snow fell,
covering the dreams and ideals.

And the snow fell,
freezing the blood and the wheels.

And the snow fell,
they had to keep warm for survival.

And the snow fell,
and defeated the beast's only rival."

This secret partisan report
declassified for this program

complains that amongst
one large partisan division,

drunkenness, robbery, beatings
and rape are universal occurrences.

The widespread terror
wrought by the partisans

was not a story the Communists
wished to tell after the war.

This rare archive shows a
woman hanged by the partisans

and displayed to the rest of
the population as a warning.

These film rushes, never shown
to the German public during the war,

reveal Soviet mutilation
of German prisoners.

Actions like these only served to
escalate the level of the German reprisal.

[A German soldier
describes what he witnessed...]

The partisans became a growing
problem for the German occupiers.

If the Germans suspected a village
had been used as a partisan base,

then it was common practice
to burn it to the ground.

[A German soldier states...]
"And we burned the houses.

On the one hand I
didn't regret it too much

because I knew what was
is worth a Russian house?

They are so
primitive anyhow.

Not comparable to a German house or an
English house or French house, or so on.

Not at all. But all in all, there's not
much value in it, in such a house.

They would survive.
That was my feeling."

In Britain, they have forged a sword, a gift
to the victor of Stalingrad from King George.

Earlier, in 1943, at Katyn forest near
Smolensk, German occupying authorities

had unearthed the mass
graves of 20,000 Polish officers.

International observers were
invited to support Berlin's claim

that the murders were
carried out by the NKVD.

But Stalin had reacted furiously,
denying any link with the massacres.

But when Allied leaders meet in Tehran,
Churchill and Roosevelt back their

most important ally in the face of
outraged protest from exiled Poles.

His sword is presented, and Stalin
stands as an undisputed world leader.

In March 1940, in a forest near
Katyn village, eight huge pits were dug.

Heavy trucks
brought in people.

They were Polish Army
Reservists, Doctors, Engineers.

The Soviets carried out
massacres on a regular basis.

Riga, Tartu,
Lviv, Minsk.

Relatives could not
identify many of the corpses.

Horrific torture had
made them unrecognizable.

The Soviet Union meanwhile
had become an Allied power.

The Soviet officers who pulled
out fingernails, cut tongues,

and perforated the skulls
of their victims with nails...

WERE PAID WITH
WESTERN AID!!

The British War Crimes Act gives them
immunity from prosecution in Britain,

because war crimes by definition
were committed only by the Germans.

The 12th of September
1943, central Italy.

High above
Mount Gran Sasso.

On Saturday, July 24th, 792 RAF bombers
readied for a night attack on Hamburg.

Each loaded with tons of high
explosives and incendiary bombs.

It was the first of a series of attacks
that would continue for an entire week,

codenamed
Operation Gomorrah.

"People were sitting there in the cellar
trembling, and we saw the walls shivering.

As it was, but trembling, and those
nights we can never forget in our lives.

I cannot
forget it ever.

We asked ourselves, why are
they doing this to our Fuhrer?

And we were
told by everyone,

because they
hated the Fuhrer.

Because the Fuhrer wanted
to create a better world.

Maybe Churchill
and Roosevelt

thought they could demoralize
the German people with bombing?

and make them surrender?
But he reached the opposite of it."

In the aftermath of the firestorm,
almost a million refugees fled Hamburg

and took with them stories of the most
terrible horror that they'd witnessed.

This caused a
panic across Germany,

which was unlike anything that
they'd ever experienced before.

In the aftermath of the Hamburg attacks,
the American and British commanders

remained committed to their
sharply divergent strategies.

Eaker continued to press precision
attacks on industrial targets.

Harris championed
the bombing of cities.

And the city he was
focused on -- Berlin.

Stalin's military troikas come in
the wake of the resurgent Red Army.

They tour a land scorched
by the departing Germans,

convening kangaroo courts to purge partisan
units of nationalists, anti-Communists.

There is no hiding
place for Nazi collaborators.

The white card of betrayal hangs round their
necks as they pay the price of treason.

There is no pity for the young boys who
flocked in innocence to join the Hitler Youth.

His desperate plea for
clemency will be in vain.

[Voice of Dr. Ingrid Rimland Zundel]

"Germany at that time already
was besieged by 51 countries.

They were
struggling for their lives.

And they
took us in.

We were all put into what
looked like a great big bathroom.

And what happened eventually is
that they rained soap and water on us.

And the reason for that was
that we had to be deloused.

We were
so full of lice.

So, when I hear about the shower heads
in the Holocaust, and all of that,

I know exactly
what it was.

That was soap and water
raining down on us to delouse us.

To wash us
down like dogs.

The same for
the cutting of hair.

I mean we were all shorn
bald in order to stop the lice.

Everybody had lice in the war, and
this was just common knowledge.

We considered ourselves lucky
if we could ride those cattle cars.

And yes, they were crammed full of
people, and yes it was very difficult,

you know, to
travel like that.

You couldn't...
often you could not sit,

you had to stand because
they were crammed full.

This is how it was
in those years.

People were hanging
on those cattle cars.

When you see those pictures,
that could have been us.

We were
like that.

The same when you
see the bunk beds.

My goodness, we were lucky if we had
bunk beds where you could sleep at night.

It meant we did not have to
sleep outside in the snow."

On June 5th, 1944, as the greatest armada
ever assembled left southern England,

bound for the coast of France,
history remembers it as D-Day.

As the ships head towards France,
the men, many of whom will die,

take care of some
last-minute chores.

This Hitler impersonator took the
men's mind off the task at hand,

at least for a
few moments.

The time for fun ends as the
coast of France comes into view.

The next day on the
morning of June 6th,

a tremendous barrage strikes
Hitler's fortifications at Normandy

softening it up for the men
who will soon be in the beaches.

The night before,
23,000 airborne troops

parachuted behind enemy lines to
secure the flanks of the landing.

At Gold, Juno, Sword, Utah and
Omaha beaches, 130,000 Allied troops

would now attack five heavily
defended areas of Hitler's Atlantic wall.

The first overt signal that Stalin comes
not as liberator but as conqueror

is seen in late July, as General Rokossovsky
takes the eastern Polish city of Lublin.

Within hours of the red flag's
appearance over the city,

Stalin has installed a puppet Communist
government: The Lublin Committee.

Loud denunciations by
nationalist Poles in London

bring little response from
the Allied corridors of power.

And the London Polish government is power-
less to prevent this theft of its constituency.

But its cries will not
long go unheeded.

"Uncle" Joe Stalin is about to drop his
mask and show his true face to the world.

On the 29th of July,

Soviet Radio issues a general plea to the
Polish resistance movement, "The Home Army".

The carefully worded broadcast calls for
active resistance to the occupying forces.

It gives the impression
without ever directly saying so

that the Red Army is
about to storm the city.

But the Red Army does not move
from its positions just east of the city.

And Stalin, oblivious to mounting pressure
from Western leaders, grimly rejects

Churchill's request for the use of Soviet
airfields for RAF planes dropping supplies.

Without help,
the Poles are doomed.

The battle for the city rages all
through August and into September.

But gradually, inevitably, the Polish
resistance movement is decimated.

Stalin bows to international
criticism only in September,

when an increase in
Soviet aid comes too late.

Last Home Army survivors
surrender in early October.

British Prime Minister
Churchill visits Moscow,

and he has come to discuss
the fate of Eastern Europe.

And he knows that there is little that
Britain or even the United States can do

to stop a man whose ambitions are
backed by Red Army occupation.

And so, the two leaders
reach a pragmatic agreement.

Jotted down on a piece of scrap paper, he
concedes Soviet control over Bulgaria,

Hungary and Romania, in return for Stalin's
guarantee of nonintervention in Greek politics.

The future of
Yugoslavia is left open.

And Stalin refuses
even to discuss Poland.

Only assassination could snap the bonds
of loyalty which still bound millions to Hitler.

The only plotters with access to
the Fuhrer were army officers.

The officer who came closest to killing
Hitler was Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg.

He had his opportunity at a
briefing on the 20th of July, 1944.

[Voice of
German man...]

"This was the time precisely when we
were at a very precarious military situation.

And the only man who could possibly
stave off disaster was Adolf Hitler.

That opinion was shared by many Germans,
Germans who did not belong to the Party."

Young men who joined the SS were
trained like no other army in the world.

Military and academic
instructions were intensive.

But it was the physical
training that was most rigorous.

They practiced sports
with excellence.

Each of them could have performed
with distinction at the Olympic Games.

The extraordinary physical endurance
of the SS on the Russian front,

which so amazed the world, was
due to their intensive training.

The most striking
feature of the Waffen SS

was that it was composed of volunteers
from some 30 different countries.

What cause gathered them, and
why did they volunteer their lives?

Was it a German
phenomenon?

At the
beginning, yes.

In addition to Germans
from Germany,

northwestern Europeans, descendants of
Germans from all across Europe, enlisted.

Then in 1941, during the great clash with the
Soviet Union, rose the European Waffen SS.

It was on the front lines that the
results of the SS physical training

could really
be noticed.

An SS officer had the same
rigorous training as the soldiers.

A relationship of the equality and mutual
respect between soldiers and officers

was always present.

Half of all division commanders
were killed in action -- half!

There is not an army in the
world where this happened.

The SS officer always
led his troops into battle.

To them, Hitler was the most
exceptional man ever seen.

Hitler understood them, and had the remark-
able idea to open the doors to the SS.

The response to Hitler's
offer was overwhelming.

Legions from Norway, Denmark,
Holland and Flanders were formed.

Hitler welcomed
them home.

German racialism has been
deliberately distorted.

It was concerned with making the German
race strong and healthy in every way.

Hitler was not interested in
having millions of degenerates.

Today one finds rampant alcohol
and drug addiction everywhere.

Hitler cared that German
families be healthy,

cared that they raised healthy children
for the renewal of a healthy nation.

German racialism meant rediscovering
the creative values of their own race,

rediscovering their culture.

It was a search for
excellence, a noble idea.

National Socialist racialism
was not against the other races.

It aimed at defending
and improving its race,

and wished that all other races
did the same for themselves.

That was demonstrated
when the Waffen SS

enlarged its rank to
include 60,000 Islamic SS.

The Waffen SS respected their way of life,
their customs and their religious beliefs.

Each Islamic SS
battalion had an imam.

Each company
had a mullah.

It was our common wish that their
qualities found their highest expression.

This was
our racialism.

I was present when each
of my Islamic comrades

received a personal gift from
Hitler during the new year.

It was a pendant
with a small Koran.

Hitler was honoring them
with this small symbolic gift.

He was honoring
them with what was

the most important aspect
of their lives and their history.

National Socialist racialism
was loyal to the German race

and totally respected
all other races.

The young European volunteers
had observed two things.

First, that Hitler was the only leader
who was capable of building Europe,

and secondly that Hitler, and Hitler alone,
could defeat the world threat of Communism.

The Communists never aimed at
serving the interests of Russia.

Communism does not limit itself
to acquire chunks of territories,

but aims at total
world domination.

Alone among all the
leaders of the world,

Hitler saw this concept as
an equal threat to all nations.

Right through the war the
Waffen SS never retreated.

They would rather
die than retreat.

One cannot
forget the figures.

During the 1941 winter the Waffen SS
lost 43,000 men in front of Moscow.

The regiment 'Der Fuhrer' fought
almost literally to the last man.

Only 35 men survived
out of the entire regiment.

The Der Fuhrer men stood fast,
and no Soviet troops got through.

And that is what Hitler
admired most of all: guts.

For him it was not enough to have
intelligent or clever associates.

These people can
often fall to pieces,

as we will see during the following winter at
the Battle of Stalingrad, with General Paulus.

The defeat there was decided
by a man without courage.

He was not capable to face
danger with determination.

To say, "I will
not surrender.

I will stand
fast until I win."

But he was morally and
physically gutless, and he lost.

Without their heroism, Germany would
have been annihilated by December 1941.

The Roosevelts and the Churchills sold
out Europe in Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam.

Not since the great religious
orders of the middle ages

had there been such
selfless idealism and heroism.

In this century of materialism, the SS
stand out as shining light of spirituality.

'Greatness in adversity' is
the distinction of the SS.

With the return of the Soviet forces
in 1944, the mountain peoples,

Ingushe, Balkars, and above all, Chechens,
are rounded up in dawn raids of new horror.

Mobile NKVD units
are sent into the hills.

Whole peoples,
uncomprehending of their guilt,

are marked down for
punitive deportation.

It is the tragedy of a small nation in
the hands of a vast and ruthless state.

They're dragged
from their homes,

their lifestyle destroyed, leaving
whole areas empty of any inhabitants.

And when German troops are
driven from the Crimea in May,

Stalin is convinced the Tartar people had
been guilty of collaboration with the enemy.

He immediately dissolves the Muslim
autonomous republic of the Crimean Tartars,

and punitively deports 400,000
people, men, women and children.

And beyond the misery of
shocked and frightened people,

the disregard
for military needs.

This is a time when the Soviet forces
need all the transport they can get.

East Prussia, with
its forests and lakes,

was the first part of prewar German
territory the Red Army entered.

It is estimated that as many as 2
million German women were raped

by Red Army
soldiers.

"From 1944 to 1947 what occurred
to Germany, in the last year of the war

and the immediate postwar
years was a crime so terrible;

and the world has never
experienced such a crime like this.

And the fact that it remains a secret
doesn't mean it is any less of a crime,

but it probably was the largest, the darkest
and the bloodiest secret in world history.

The massacres, the
rapes, the starvation,

the deliberate attempt to
destroy a nation entirely. Entirely!

Now I'm not talking about
leaving something left.

Basically, that was the uh...uh that's what
they were, the Allies were traveling under

in the last year of the war and
the immediate postwar years.

This nightmarish attempt
to destroy Germany.

A terror bombing toward
the late stages of the war.

A terror bombing:
there's no other...

There's no other phrase that says
it quite as well as "terror bombing".

Long after all military objects
had been blown to bits / splinters,

the American and British Air Forces
continued to blast German cities,

blasting the rubble
to even more rubble.

A lot of folks are still, to this very
day, their bones are still buried

underneath the rubble in Germany; that
was built over of course, after the war.

What it was like
for...a woman?

Let us say a...let's say a 45
year old something woman,

a German who was in a village
when the Russians finally came,

when they finally burst through
and the fighting had past.

And then comes the second
echelon of Russian troops,

for the most part Asiatics and Mongolians
from the Rusk Russian eastern republics.

And the rapes began...and
what does a woman do?

How do you
deal with rape?

And I'm not talking
about just one soldier

perhaps dragging you
into a room and raping you.

I'm talking about 5 maybe 10 at a
time; for days, for weeks, this goes on.

Some women, I mean again we're talking
in the words of the people themselves

talking to them.

They did all sorts of
things to avoid rapes.

They become almost indifferent to it...
indifferent to it after a while; almost.

Some of them
lost their minds.

But some women, who were
actually good looking prior to the rapes,

actually started trying to
make themselves look uglier.

They would feign illnesses
and act like they were cripples.

And it still
didn't work.

The madness for the uh...among the
Russian soldiers for rape was incredible,

and sometimes women were raped 10,
20 times a night, a 100 times a week.

Sometimes they were raped to death;
and then they were raped some more.

And of course mothers with children were
frantic to try to protect their little ones.

They'd do anything
they could.

Of course they would give their bodies
gladly; if they could protect their children.

Mostly it didn't
work though.

There was an old
saying, "from 8 to 88".

That was the time...that was the age
frame for rapes, if you can believe that.

Even grandmothers were
taken and raped repeatedly.

Even people that were sick and women who
were on their periods; nothing was sacred.

And just very nearly extinguished
the German people altogether."

But there were those who had
been glad to see the Red Army.

First, the population of the
occupied parts of the Soviet Union,

and now the Soviet
prisoners of war.

Tatyana Naneva, who had served
in the Red Army as a nurse,

was one of more than a
million Soviet prisoners of war,

who had been transported to camps
within the greater German reich.

She was overjoyed when the Red Army
arrived, a feeling that was not reciprocated.

Nearly 2 million Soviet prisoners of
war were liberated by the Red Army.

All were to suffer at
the hands of Stalin.

For many, like
Tatyana Naneva,

their suffering began here in a
filtration camp run by the secret police.

Their problem was that Stalin
maintained that the Soviet Union

had no prisoners
of war, only traitors.

For the crime of being
captured by the Germans,

volunteer nurse Tatyana Naneva was
sentenced to six years in the gulag

and lifetime
exile in Siberia.

In December 1944,

American forces were pummeled by German
Panzer divisions in the Ardennes forest.

It was a decisive
moment in World War Two.

Hitler would either succeed in pushing
back the approaching Allied Armies,

if he can drive the American's and the
British all the way back to the coast line,

he may be able to force
them into a negotiated peace?

Late in October, the Germans
begin secretly moving their units

to points East of the Ardennes,
without arousing Allied suspicions.

A quarter million Germans roll
towards the Western Front.

But officers in Allied
intelligence refuse to believe it.

They all agree the Germans don't have
the military strength for such an attack.

Early morning on
December 16th,

a shattering barrage of German
artillery and rocket fire, lights the skies.

Gloomy weather for
the next several days,

provides effective cover for the German
might, that churns over the roads.

Panzer units
slash through.

In the center, the Germans gouge a 12 mile
corridor to the approaches of Bastogne.

They are ordered to surround and bypass
this town, then drive for the Meuse river.

There is all out confusion.
Communications are sketchy.

American troops discover
Germans in front and behind them.

Panzers under
cover of fog and rain,

slip into American armored columns,
then blast the Americans off the road.

More than 7,000 soldiers of the 106th
destroy their weapons and give up.

Next to Bataan, this is the largest
mass surrender in military history.

Elsewhere, with
communications shattered,

other Americans fight
isolated holding actions.

Gradually, small scattered units
slow the German advance.

Especially
around St. Vith.

The 5th Panzer Army, had good success,
in the Southern part of the invasion.

However, the effects were not
what the Germans had wanted.

They were trying to race to
the Meuse river in two days.

On the third day, General
Dwight Eisenhower,

orders General Patton's third Army to attack
the German flank and relieve Bastogne.

December 20th, the Battle
of the Bulge, is in its fifth day.

American forces are reeling under the
impact of the mighty German offensive.

General Patton & his third Army, are driving
North toward Bastogne, to counter attack.

December 21st, a wintery snow
falls throughout the Ardennes.

St. Vith is taken
by the Germans.

Now the center route across
the Ardennes is wide open.

The Germans flow around Bastogne on all
sides, encircling the American forces there.

They thought the Germans were
beaten, after the race across France.

The Germans
were not beaten.

December 22nd: the situation in Bastogne,
grows desperate; ammunition is short.

McAuliffe's artillery battalions are down
to 10 rounds per gun; and it's still snowing.

The cold causes
more casualties.

Frostbite is rampant
among the troops.

The Germans send an emissary
to Bastogne, with an ultimatum.

Since the Americans
are surrounded

and there is only one possibility to save
them from death: an honorable surrender.

General McAuliffe's reply
is short and to the point.

McAuliffe's bravado is based on
the expectation of the third Army.

General Patton's time
table is a critical factor.

If the German's move on Bastogne,
they could easily take it at this point.

The surrounded and
undermanned US Army watches

and waits anxiously
for reinforcements.

The freezing cold conditions
don't make it easier for either side.

The next day, December 23rd, dawns
bright and sunny; perfect flying weather.

American's in
Bastogne cheer

as Allied planes fly overhead
to bomb and strafe the enemy.

To drop supplies, not all that's needed, but
enough to enable the American's to hang on.

On Christmas day, news reaches
Bastogne that the Western spearhead

of the German 2nd Panzer division has
been stopped, just short of the Meuse.

When Hitler is told by his Generals,
he orders the expected all out attack.

The Wehrmacht advances on Bastogne
with 9 divisions, 4 of them armored.

A great part of this effort is aimed at
closing the American corridor to the South.

On January 3rd, the Allies
launch a 3 pronged counter attack.

By January 16th, patrols from the 1st
and 3rd Armies meet North of Bastogne.

By early February, the German's have
been pushed back to where they started.

By the end of the Battle of the
Bulge, they knew they couldn't win.

And from that time on, the
remains of the Panzer Wehr division,

are sent to the Eastern front,
where it was eventually destroyed.

It became clear the German Army no
longer could fight on the Western Front.

While the Western Allies were held up in the
Ardennes, fighting the Battle of the Bulge,

on the Eastern Front, the Red
Army was making good progress.

They entered Warsaw on
the 17th of January, 1945.

The locals cheered as the Polish
units in the Red Army passed by.

They did not know that some of the Officers
they applauded were from the Soviet Union,

and were only
pretending to be Poles.

Stalin hadn't just created
new Polish Officers,

he'd created an entire
new Polish government.

Unlike the Polish
government in exile,

this group of tame Poles would
do just what Stalin told them to.

The Red Army continued to push
forward further into Eastern Europe.

Capturing Budapest, the Capital
of Hungary, in February, 1945.

The Hungarians had
been Allies of the Nazi's.

Together with the German's they had
fought fiercely against the Red Army.

Now they
would pay for it.

They opened every
safe and strong box.

They took away 113
Million Pengoe in cash.

As well as about 800 suitcases and
other containers deposited by clients.

And emptied 1,400
safety deposit boxes.

Nearby, other Soviets took paintings and
other works of Art worth Millions of Pounds.

Including works by
Renoir, El Greco, and Goya.

An estimated 99% of these
artworks have never been recovered.

As well as the
wealth of the city,

the population was also at the
mercy of the Soviet occupiers.

But what happened to them in the
aftermath of the Soviet victory in Budapest,

was to become infamous.

So bad was the situation in Hungary, that
a group of Hungarian Communists in Kobanya,

sent a letter of complaint
to the Soviet authorities.

In January, when the
Red Army arrived,

they committed a series of sexual
crimes in an outbreak of savage hatred.

Drunken soldiers raped mothers in
front of their children and husbands.

Girls as young as 12, were dragged
from their fathers and mothers

and raped in succession
by 10 to 15 soldiers.

From whom many of them
caught venereal diseases.

In February 1945,
Stalin traveled here

to Yalta, on the Black Sea, in
the South of the Soviet Union,

to attend what would become
the most famous meeting of the war.

But the pressures of the war
had clearly taken their toll

on one of the leaders
of the Alliance.

Churchill looked at
Roosevelt so very solicitously.

Churchill, I suppose,
had no surprise,

as I had, and anyone else who
had seen Roosevelt previously,

to see this corked
very thin figure.

His face was waxened, to sort of yellow
and waxened, and very drawn, very thin.

And a lot of the time
he was sort of sitting

sitting there with his mouth
open, sort of staring ahead.

So that was quite a shock
to see him in that state.

The Allies also decided on the formation
of the United Nations after the war.

The news reel coverage
was decidedly optimistic.

This meeting crystallizes the alive resolve
that Germany shall be beaten unconditionally,

and that lasting peace shall
prevail throughout the world.

The optimism
didn't last long.

Here in Poland, on
the 28th of March, 1945,

just a few weeks after
signing the Yalta Agreement,

the Soviets showed how sincere they really
were about Polish political independence.

Sixteen leading independent political
and military figures in Poland,

arrived for what they had been told was
to be a lunch, with senior Soviet officials.

They weren't just going on a short journey,
and they weren't just going for lunch.

In fact they were all transported over 700
miles to here, the Butyrka prison in Moscow.

The Polish leaders
had made a big mistake.

They'd trusted the
Soviet authorities.

Each of them was
imprisoned and interrogated.

And then they waited to see the
final fate Stalin had in store for them.

Roosevelt was more relaxed
about the whole dispute with Stalin.

Just before Yalta, he'd even remarked that
apart from matters concerning Germany,

he wanted to stay out disputes
in Europe, as far as possible.

He wrote to Churchill
in early April, that...

"I would minimize the general Soviet problem
as much as possible, because these problems,

in one form or another, seem to arise
every day, and most of them straighten out."

Roosevelt was still keen
to get on with Stalin.

Partly because the Soviet leader had offered
to help with what was happening here,

in the far East, in the
war against Japan.

American's made up the
bulk of the Allied forces

who were engaged in the Pacific in
what was known as "Island Hopping",

the struggle to wrest each
island from the Japanese.

It was a brutal
and bloody war.

Just 8 days after
the Yalta Agreement,

the Americans had launched
one of their fiercest assaults here,

on the Island of Iwo Jima,
750 miles South of Tokyo.

Just after 9 o'clock in the morning,
on the 19th of February, 1945,

the first wave of US
Marines landed on the island.

But the battle for this piece of volcanic rock,
less than 8 miles square, would be horrific

for both sides.

Of the 21,000 Japanese defenders,
20,000 would die in the struggle.

The total American causalities on Iwo Jima,
including wounded, were over 25,000,

more than the Allies
suffered on D-day.

"The injured are
carried to the rear."

So Roosevelt was
intensely grateful

that Stalin had promised the Soviet
Union would help the Western Allies,

and lend to the war against
Japan, once Germany was defeated.

"The wreckage along the beach was only a
small part of the cost of 26 days of fighting."

As for the 16 independent Poles tricked
into meeting the Soviet authorities

by an offer
of lunch,

they were all
put on trial.

Of the 16, 13 were sentenced
to various terms in Soviet prisons.

Reversing years of
American strategic policy,

would be a massive
air assault on Berlin.

Over 6 months,

the head of Bomber Command, sent his
planes on 19 mass attacks on the Nazi capital.

As many as 800 bombers
on a single mission.

Nearly 11,000
bombing sorties.

This attack on Berlin would have
significance far beyond causality numbers.

With this raid, the 8th Air
Force crosses a moral threshold.

And that moral threshold is, we
will not deliberately bomb civilians.

Usually the moral divide for historians is the
Tokyo raid, which took place the next month,

where we incinerate the city
and kill almost 100,000 people.

And, but I think, once we crossed the moral
divide in Berlin, it made everything else,

including the Atomic
Bomb, a little bit easier.

By spring 1945, the situation had
become all but hopeless for the Germans.

The Red Army had reached the river Oder,
the last great natural obstacle before Berlin.

Crowds are lining Constitution
Avenue, from here to the White House.

All the soldiers and service men in
the crowd, stand firmly at attention.

And now the caisson will start its solemn
sorrowful procession through Washington.

The sky is literally falling in
on the people of Germany.

Massive fleets of British and
American heavy bombers,

pound cities to rubble;
Germany is surrounded.

From every frontier enemies are
marching on the heart of the Fatherland.

They are twice as many men as the
Wehrmacht, four times as many tanks.

Hitler knows he
is surrounded.

Old men, women and children prepare for
a desperate fight against hopeless odds.

Yet, at the
same time,

a people who remain astonishingly
loyal in the face of certain defeat.

Boys of the Hitler youth
ready themselves for battle.

Ordinary people still
cheer Hitler's armies.

These troops are all that stand
between Germany and Armageddon.

Stalin claims he
has 6 Million men,

against less than a million armed remnants
of every unit the Reich can muster.

On the 19th of April, Soviet
troops reach the Berlin suburbs.

Now it is street fighting,
house by house.

Everyone a natural redoubt
for desperate defenders.

Casualties mount.

Resistance stiffens, but the Soviet
Armies cannot be halted now.

Hitler's Reich has been
pierced to the heart.

On the 25th of April,
southern units of Konev's front

make contact with the United
States forces at the Elbe.

No hint of future
tensions here.

Now as Soviet forces
converge on the center of Berlin,

the fighting embraces everything
and everyone in the battle field.

But even now, Hitler
has one guardian angel.

Fighter Pilot
Hanna Reitsch.

The only woman to receive an Iron
Cross in the Second World War,

she is utterly
devoted to the Fuhrer.

On the 29th of April, she pilots her
light aircraft into the heart of Berlin.

Touching down on the
Unter den Linden,

she makes the perilous journey through
the mayhem of battle, to Hitler's bunker,

where he
waits the end;

accompanied by a few
treasured possessions.

Hanna Reitsch is Hitler's last chance
to escape, but he will not leave.

He chooses to meet
his destiny in Berlin.

His grand chancellery
now severely damaged,

he admitted for the
first time that all was lost.

He then stepped into the passage where
Eva and the secretaries were waiting.

"All of a sudden the door
was opened, Hitler came out.

He said
everything is lost.

Pack your
things and go,

you have to leave, and within an hour
the last plane will bring you out.

After a moment of silence, Eva
Braun stepped forward, went to him,

took his hand and said,
'but you know I stay with you'.

He smiled, I mean he tried to
smile, and he kissed her on the lips.

At this moment we all said,
'we're staying too'.

She came towards me, embraced me, and
said, 'try to go home, try to get out of here.

And if you are successful, if
you come to Bavaria back

give my regards
to everybody.'

And she was very sad and I think she
tried to be very brave in this moment.

He knew what happened to
Mussolini, he saw the pictures.

And he was very very frightened to have
the same fate, if he would be captured."

After 6 years of struggle, which in spite
of all reversals will go down in history

as the most glorious and most courageous
manifestation of a people's will to live.

I cannot separate myself from the
city, which is the capital of this Reich.

Because our forces are too few
to permit any further resistance

against the
enemies assaults,

I desire to share the fate that millions
of others have taken upon themselves.

Except I shall
remain in this city.

Furthermore, I do not want to fall into the
hands of enemies who for the delectation

of the hate-riddled masses require a
new spectacle promoted by the Jews.

I have therefore resolved
to remain in Berlin

and there to choose death of my own will
at the very moment when, as I believe,

the seat of the Fuhrer / Chancellor
can no longer be defended.

I die with a
joyful heart

in the awareness the immeasurable deeds
and achievements of our soldiers at the front,

of our women at home, the
achievements of our workers,

of the contribution, unique in history,
of our youth, which bears my name.

It goes without saying, that I thank
them all from the bottom of my heart.

On April the 29th, Hitler decided
to marry his mistress Eva Braun.

After the bridal couple had confirmed
they were of true Aryan decent,

the ceremony was concluded with
Goebbels and Bormann as the witnesses.

Hitler signed the wedding certificate,
but when it came to Eva's turn,

she began to write her
surname as "Braun"

before crossing out the letter
"B", and writing Eva Hitler.

Arm in arm, Adolf Hitler led his bride
to the study for the wedding reception.

Traudl Junge:

"As a gesture of gratitude for her
love, for her royalty, for her fidelity,

and I think he wanted to compensate her
for to get the figure of history as his wife."

Less than 2 days after the
wedding on April the 30th,

Hitler and his bride
retired to his study. Traudl Junge:

"And there he stood, very quite,
very tired, and then he turned and I,

I felt somehow's like
frozen, because I knew now

that this decisive moment where we
were going to see soon he'd end his life."

They sat on
the couch.

Opposite them was a
portrait of Hitler's mother.

Eva now took a cyanide capsule and
popped it into her mouth. She died instantly.

Then Hitler picked up his gun,
put it to his right temple and fired.

Acting in accordance with Hitler's
instructions, members of his staff

wrapped both the bodies in blankets,
and carried them up to the surface.

During a pause in
the Russian shelling,

they doused the bodies with what petrol they
had managed to collect, and set them alight.

Berlin has Fallen.

Marshall Stalin has just announced the
complete capture of the capital of Germany.

There are some reports that Hitler died;
result of a stroke suffered several days ago.

There are other reports that
Hitler was not in Berlin at all.

That he's been hiding out,
and that he may still be alive.

That the German story of his death is
only a rouse to permit him to escape.

If people are told the truth,
about where they're going,

and they refuse to go,
because they will be killed,

the only way to get them onto the trains,
is to lie to them about their destination.

And of course if
they'd learned the truth,

that they were going back to Yugoslavia
where they didn't expect to survive,

none of them would have
consented to mount the railway tracks.

Now, I remember asking for
advice from the division.

Are we to send
the civilians as well?

And the answer
came back...

Yes.

There were women and children,
and old men, and sometimes babies,

who were in these convoys,
which we organized.

But did you hear
the machine guns?

Yes.

On the Yugoslav
side of the border?

Oh for Christ sake!

Do you think I like to talk about
fu_king kids being shot down?!

"And then for the next 5 days, we organized
trainloads of Croats to go to Yugoslavia.

But ah, as they trusted us, when
we were [not] telling them the truth,

there wasn't much trouble
about loading them on."

(Radio host)
"This is Deanna Spingola.

Today I'm going to share some
details about World War 2,

that many of you might
not have heard before.

I base this information on the hundreds
of hours of research that I have done.

Eisenhower's Death Camps.

In a letter to his wife Eisenhower said, and
this is the quote, "God I hate the Germans!

Why? Because the
German is a beast", unquote.

He suggested a new class of
prisoner, Disarmed Enemy Forces,

prisoners the
army would not feed.

Get that? They would not feed!
after Germany's surrender.

Food, water and shelter - basic human
necessities, were unavailable in the camps;

per Eisenhower's orders!!

(Deanna is now
tearing up) Excuse me.

On April 22nd, 1945,
the US had in Europe,

50 days worth of 4,000 calorie
rations to feed 5 million people

for an additional 50 days!

They had the food,

they just chose
not to give it!!

On April 26th, 1945, the combined
Chiefs Of Staff in Washington,

cabled Eisenhower their approval of
the Disarmed Enemy Forces status,

for ALL German citizens!

Everybody was
considered an enemy!

By April 30th 1945, there was an additional
2,062,865 of these CIVILIAN prisoners.

Author Giles Macdonogh wrote,
that at least 1.5 million Germans

died in those camps due to
their ill-treatment and starvation.

In contrast in 1945 the American Red
Cross said that "99% of the US POWs

held in German camps had survived
and were soon returning home."

I was a US Army Guard at a
German Prison Camp in Andernach.

And I was uh silent
for 45 years because uh

I was warned

it would be futile
to say anything,

and that I would be in
serious trouble if I did.

Victory in Europe.

V-E Day.

We may allow ourselves
a brief period of rejoice.

But let us not forget for a moment
the toils and efforts that lie ahead.

Japan with all her treachery
and greed remains unsubdued.

In Asia and the Pacific
the war still raged.

In the wake of its unconditional surrender on
the 7th of May, 1945, Germany lay vanquished.

Millions had died.

Those that survived had
suffered terribly during the conflict,

both in combat and
on the home front.

Intensive Allied bombing raids
and the ground battle for Germany,

had forced millions of
Germans from their homes.

On the 5th
of June, 1945,

the Allies announced they would govern
Germany through 4 occupation zones.

One for each
of the 4 powers.

The Soviet Union, Britain, the
United States, and France.

Following the war, hundreds of
thousands of former soldiers,

Nazi party members,
were held in POW camps.

Thousands of officers and members
of the Nazi party remained imprisoned.

Their fate a trial
for war crimes.

You can light a
fag on any of those.

Bombs doors open.

Bombs doors open.
Bombs away.

There goes
the cookie.

There go the
incendiaries.

What struck you when you
first met him, was his bearing.

He was a commanding
personality; you were impressed.

You knew that somebody
important was there.

Whenever the prisoners
where in their cells

they were constantly under
observation; every minute of it.

Pierrepiont, good
to see you again.

We've had the gallows constructed to home
office specifications, as you've requested.

And here's the list of
tomorrow's condemned prisoners.

13 in one day.

No Sir. I'm not
with you Sir.

I thought we had a
week to do this job?

Well yes, but there are
different batches each day.

Well, how many
others are there, Sir?

47 in total.

47?

That's just
this week.

I'm afraid you'll find
them coming thicker fast,

now that the courts have
delivered their verdicts.

Jolly good.

196 pounds.

Irma Grese.

Keiner unterhaltung.

Uh...5' 3"

You do the Jews
work for them.

Stehen bleiben.

113 pounds

That's the
last of them.

Time for
a break?

No, we don't want
to fall behind.

Zyklon B dropped into the death
chamber from a small opening.

It took from
3 to 15 minutes.

We knew when the people were
dead because their screaming stopped.

After the bodies were removed our
special commandos took off the rings

and extracted the gold
from the teeth of the corpses.

Jesus

Children of tender years
were invariably exterminated

since by reason of their
youth they were unable to work.

Is that all true
and correct witness?

Yes.

It was the British who obtained by
torture the confession of Rudolf Hoess,

Commandant of Auschwitz, before
turning him over to Soviets and Poles.

This has been confirmed in a book
published in 1983 titled "Legions of Death",

which contains the recollections
of British sergeant Bernard Clark,

who brags about having tortured
Hoess, to get a confession out of him,

and of threatening
his family.

It was here that
Hoess was hanged.

I rather wished that the Fuhrer
hadn't stood by his followers,

and taken the responsibility
for his command.

Think of his position.

Oh sure. His position as
Chief war criminal, right?

He was our
sovereign.

It would be intolerable for me to
have him standing before a foreign court.

You men knew
the Fuhrer.

He would be the first
one to stand up and say,

"I gave the orders and I
shall take full responsibility!"

And I would rather
die 10 deaths

than have the sovereign
subjected to such humiliation.

We also had an orchestra where
some of the musicians stands us together

and one musician
was so good

that he had the instruments
playing and he wrote the notes,

and later on we had a band
show who played over the weekend.

And that was of course helping us,
you know we also did plays and stuff.

Were there any cultural
activities happening in Auschwitz?

Yes. I told you we
had a piano, put into,

[and] not just a piano, [but] a grand
piano, was brought into block one.

Once that was built, that new block, the
downstairs room was assigned for theater.

They said they're going
to build a movie in the camp.

The prisoners sat down and
[said], "you must be crazy,

you cannot make a movie
for us in the camp?"

But really it happened.
They made a movie in the camp.

(They did) Yeah, and we...
we went in barracks

after work we...we could
go to see a movie sometimes,

they brought movies in see.
...in the evenings, and...

What kind of movies
would they show?

German movies.

Once I came to
the main camp,

we were allowed twice
a month to write home.

Once a postcard
and once a letter.

They gave you
the materials?

Yeah, they gave us the letter
and the materials...the cost.

You had money?

Yeah, we got my ways??...still
got my way??...money we got through the

Jewish community from
they know who send us...

everybody some money.

And in the camp
you could have currency?

Yeah, we could have money,
because there was in camp loads

of what they
called a "Cantina",

and not many times, but once in
a while they sold a few cigarettes,

or they sold something...
whatever they had.

So if you had money you
could buy, at the Cantina there.

Redeemable in...in that
Cantina if they had something.

So, that was their...their
way of distributing money.

To everybody,
everyone got this money.

Soccer teams...
were organized very well.

And one of these uh
enlisted, top enlisted SS men,

decided he wants to
play for the Polish team.

So...we say okay,
you can play.

And then the Commandant...
Commandant..SS Commandant,

he was uh like...
like a Captain,

he decided he wanted to
play for the German team.

So he went in the field. But that's
happened, so...but it was 1944, see?

Is what you're
saying then that um...

the closer the end
of the war came, uh...

pressure was let up rather than ah...
- Definitely.

becoming more cruel or...?

Freddie Hirsch called me...to the
children's barracks, he was heading then,

and uh...he asked me if I could paint
something on the wall for the children?

And I said, "well, if you
can get the materials?"

He said,
"I'll get the materials."

And I said, "Okay".

And then a very
handsome young blonde man

from the man's camp
came over one day,

and Freddie Hirsch called
me to come and meet him.

And he asked
me what I need?

So, I said, "well, if I
can get any wall paints,

so I mean tempera paints,
I would like those,

if you get me some?"
And he said, "Yes, anything you want."

So I made a painting of Dopey
standing on another dwarfs head,

with a cloak around him
so he looked like a tall guy.

So he would be as
tall as Snow White.

I now understand that
there was another painter,

who continued something
painting on the walls after I'd left.

What did it do,
not only for...for you,

but for the...
for the children?

On, on an emotional level?

Well it did several
things, not just emotional,

but the children
then wrote a play,

which was a satire of Snow
White and the Seven Dwarfs.

The play was
very successful.

Because the little girl,
who was playing Snow White,

had an incredible voice.

A gorgeous soprano, just like
the one that you hear in the movie.

[A song is played for a little
over a minute. The lyrics state...]

Look down, look down,
you'll always be a slave

Look down, look down,
You're standing in your grave

Look down, look down,
you'll always be a slave

Look down, look down,
You're standing in your grave

I know from years of my own
research and the research of others

that proofs of the
Holocaust are few.

Literally, all there is are the "eyewitness"
testimonies and postwar confessions.

There's no picture, plan
or wartime document

dealing with homicidal gas chambers
or a plan to exterminate the Jews.

And we can't use the excuse that
the Nazis destroyed all the evidence

because after we had
broken the German code,

we were able to intercept
their secret transmissions

including those that
came from Auschwitz.

The key to understanding the Holocaust story
is understanding the true nature of the things

passed off
as "proofs".

Everything that is used as
evidence of the Holocaust

also can be said to have a
perfectly normal explanation.

For example, these exhibits are said to
be the material "proofs" of exterminations.

There's the piles of human hair.
But what does that prove?

It's acknowledged that each inmate had his or
her head shaved because of the lice problem.

That's not denied, so why wouldn't
there be piles of human hair?

What about the piles of shoes
and clothing; is that a proof?

It's a fact that the prisoners were issued
a uniform upon arrival, including shoes.

So why wouldn't there be piles
of inmates' shoes and clothing?

It doesn't prove
anybody was killed.

What about the
canisters of gas?

No one denies that Zyklon B was used
to disinfect clothes and also buildings.

Zyklon B was one of the premier pest
control agents in Europe at that time.

It was present in most of the
concentration camps including those

that are not said to have had
homicidal gas chambers in them.

The typhus epidemic that spread
throughout Europe during the war

and also spread through the camps
called for stringent lice control procedures.

So what other
proofs are offered?

Well, there's the usual
pictures of sick inmates

which proves the ground-breaking
thesis that people got sick in the camp.

Once again I'll add that nobody denies the
typhus epidemic which resulted in many deaths.

Then there's
the artwork

and the pictures
of children.

But at this point it's looking pretty bad
for somebody looking for objective proofs

of the gas
chamber.

And some of the proofs they present
actually work against the concept.

For example, they have one
of several aerial photographs

taken at Auschwitz by
the Allies during the war.

They don't mention,
however, that when blown up,

these photos don't show people
being gassed or bodies being burned,

even though they were taken during the
time killings were said to be going on

almost non-stop.

Once inside, we can see why revisionists
have had such a field day with this building:

Obvious marks on the walls and floors, where
apparently walls had been knocked down.

Equally obvious holes in the floor
where bathroom facilities had been.

We maintain that, unlike the
large hollow chamber we now see,

this room had once been 5
rooms including a bathroom.

Yet the building does have what appears
to be evidence of criminal usage;

4 holes in the ceiling, which lead to
the roof where 4 little chimneys stand.

It is said that through these 4 holes,
Zyklon B crystals were dropped.

And indeed, there seems to be
no other explanation for them.

Do these holes prove
homicidal gassings?

Revisionists have claimed in the past that these
holes were added after the camp's liberation,

and that the inside walls were knocked
down and the bathroom facilities removed

to make the room look
like a big gas chamber.

Let's start again talking about
this building here. Um this...

This is a crematorium
/ gas chamber.

But this is a
reconstruction?

It is in [its] original state.
- Original? - Original state.

The ceiling?...

It is an original
part. Original.

Oh, it is original?

Original, in through this
chimney was thrown Zyklon B.

Are those the original
holes in the ceiling?

No.

They've been rebuilt?

Yes.

Okay. After the war?

After the war, yes.

This is Auschwitz-Birkenau in an Allied
aerial photo from September 1944.

The train that would come up,
carrying the doomed inmates,

you would have thousands of
inmates being marched off the trains

into one of these two gas chambers
in full view of the entire camp.

This was a spectacle that nobody in the camp
could miss; they would see thousands of people

marching into those buildings
and nobody coming out.

These were "gas chambers" that
were not isolated from anyone

and indeed, when these aerial photo-
graphs were released in the late 70's,

they contradicted many
supposed eyewitness claims

about how the Nazis had tried to
camouflage the gas chambers at Birkenau.

Another question
that should be asked:

Is there any Zyklon B [gas]
residue in the gas chamber,

knowing that cyanide gas
would, in fact, leave a residue?

In 1988, execution equipment
expert Fred Leuchter

conducted forensic examinations on the gas
chambers at Auschwitz to answer that question.

He took samples from the 4 gas chambers
at Birkenau, the one at the main camp

and the control sample from one of the disinfes-
tation chambers that we know did use Zyklon B.

Now, the gas chamber samples
showed almost no appreciable traces

whereas the dis-infestation sample
literally went right off the scale.

In 1990, the Institute of
Forensic Research in Krakow

decided to conduct
their own forensic tests

to see if they could refute
Fred Leuchter's findings,

and their own tests got
back the same results.

I told Mr. Zundel and his
defense team prior to my going,

that if I did in fact find facilities
that could have supported executions,

not only whether they did,
did support the executions,

but only whether or not they could
have sustained gas executions,

I would make that
very clear in my report.

And that is what I would testify
to, when I testified in court.

What aside from the samples convinced you
that these facilities could not have been used

then or now as
execution facilities?

You must have gasketed
doors, no windows.

Means of getting the gas in,
means of getting the gas out.

If those persons operating the
facilities didn't gas themselves to death

at the same time that the executies died,
they certainly would have been blown to bits,

when the gas exploded from a
switch, the heat of a light bulb,

or the gas approaching and
getting in to the crematory furnace.

We're talking about brick and
mortar buildings, without heat,

with non explosion proof
lighting, without gasketed doors.

In some cases
without doors at all.

And with crematories that opened
very close or adjacent to the facility.

I mean it's just
ludicrous to consider

that these facilities could have
been used as gas chambers.

There's no such a thing
as an "eye witness".

I have never seen a report that was written
by anyone, who had a valid description

of what could of
happened at a gassing.

So, the long and the short of it
is, there are no eye witnesses,

because there
were no gassings.

I think it's necessary to put this matter
in its proper historical perspective.

You see, we live in a time now when
the old Soviet Union has fallen apart

and it's now okay for both liberals and
conservatives, as well as everybody else,

to speak ill of the
departed communist state.

But it was not
always that way.

During World War 2, the Soviets
were more than just a military ally;

their anti-Nazi propaganda was
readily accepted by the other Allies

because it served
all of their purposes.

The point is, that,
as the victors,

the Soviets got to commit their
propaganda to the history books as fact.

With the 20-20 hindsight we now have,
the knowledge of Stalin's despotism,

and the KGB's history of
misinformation and deception,

as well as the other camps in Poland; Majdanek.
Belzec, Chelmno,Treblinka and Sobibor,

we've had to rely on the Soviets
for most of our information.

I believe in the
inarguable fact,

that 6 million Jews were killed
in the war by Adolf Hitler Nazis.

I'm merely asking you, as a
President of Iran, and as a scholar,

do you believe 6 million Jews were killed
by the Nazis, or do you think that is not true?

But I don't think 6 million
Jews were gassed.

Now be...be careful,
I beg of you.

This is against the
law in Germany.

If there was a German, or
somebody with the German state,

you could have me thrown in
prison, before I leave Germany.

I hope that's not
your intention.

From the Mediterranean to the Baltic, the
victors were shaping Europe in their own image.

Poland, the invader's route
to Russia, obsessed Stalin.

Eastern Poland had been
annexed by the Soviet Union.

As compensation the Allies
shifted the whole country westward,

giving Poland the eastern
territories of Germany.

The Germans
were expelled.

From all over Europe
some 12 million Germans

were expelled from lands
they had lived in for centuries.

Today it's called
ethnic cleansing.

Then, the Allies called
it population transfer.

And the British helped to
move the Germans out.

The Allies had decided that Germany
should compensate them for war damage.

The German population was forced to help
the Russians seize industrial resources.

Not just machines, thousands of
craftsmen and scientists were kidnapped

and taken to
the Soviet Union.

This part of the story
is an amazing one.

And few people even
today know about it.

Watch it Chuck,
keep your eyes open.

There's a break
at 11, break at 11.

Planes 9 o'clock
coming around.

Fire at 10:30.
Coming around.

10:30 upper
or lower?

B-17 out of control
at 3 o'clock.

Come on you guys, get
out of that plane. Bail out.

There's one, he come
out of the bomb bay.

What was that?
What the hell was that?

It went by like we
were standing still.

Blue leader to grouping.
Get on the air.

Going by at 2 o'clock.
What the hell is it?

It was the Messerschmidt 262, the
world's first operational jet fighter.

It flies a 150 miles an hour
faster than our fastest fighter.

On becoming airborne, the
undercarriage was jettisoned,

and the aircraft demonstrated
an amazing rate of climb.

Later, Dittmar was towed to altitude to conserve
fuel when he achieved 623 miles per hour,

easily breaking the
existing world speed record.

Hanna Reitsch also test
flew one of the early models,

from the Messerschmidt
airfield in Lechfeld.

And she later flew a
more powerful version,

now named Komet, which
made a great impression on her.

"And I can only tell you, it was like thundering
through the skies sitting on a cannonball."

By mid-June 1945, 1000 ex-Nazi scientists
from various German weapons programs

had been hastily moved to the
safety of the American zone.

There they could be kept away from
anyone who might prosecute them.

Russia's leader Joseph
Stalin was outraged.

"We defeated the Nazis.
We occupied Berlin and Peenemunde.

But the Americans got
the rocket engineers.

How could
this happen?"

What's more, over a 100 V-2's
were making their way to America

under Special
Mission V-2.

The Americans had
stolen the V-2 team

and much of its equipment
from under the Russians' noses.

Central Europe was
reverting to the Dark Ages.

This was a space without
law, shelter or mercy.

Astonishing news from East Germany,
where the East German authorities have said

in essence that the Berlin Wall
doesn't mean anything anymore.

The wall that the East Germans
put up in 1961 to keep its people in

will now be breached by
anybody who wants to leave.

It is perhaps the most
important announcement made in

Central Europe since the end
of World War 2 certainly...

"Seventy years
ago today,

with Germany's attack on Poland, began the
most tragic chapter in the history of Europe.

This war instigated by Germany brought
immeasurable suffering on many peoples,

years of disenfranchisement,
humiliation, and destruction.

I commemorate the many millions of
people who lost their lives in that war,

and in resistance
to Germany.

I commemorate those 60 million who
died in this war, instigated by Germany."

So, what is a
central bank?

A central bank is an institution that
produces the currency of an entire nation.

Based on historical precedent, two specific
powers are inherent in central banking practice.

The control of interest rates, and the
control of the money supply or inflation.

The central bank does not simply supply
a government's economy with money,

it loans it to
them at interest!

Then through the use of increasing
and decreasing the supply of money,

the central bank regulates the
value of the currency being issued.

It is critical to understand
the entire structure

of this system can only produce
one thing in the long run: debt.

It doesn't take a lot of
ingenuity to figure this scam out.

For every single dollar produced by
the central bank is loaned at interest.

That means every single dollar
produced is actually the dollar plus

a certain percent of
debt based on that dollar.

And since the central
bank has a monopoly

of the production of the
currency for the entire country,

and they loan each dollar out
with immediate debt attached to it,

where does the money to
pay for the debt come from?

It can only come from
the central bank again.

Which means the central bank has to
perpetually increase its money supply

to temporarily cover the outstanding
debt created, which in turn,

since that new money is loaned out at
interest as well, creates even more debt.

The end result of this
system without fail is slavery.

For it is impossible for the
government, and thus the public,

to ever come out of the
self-generating debt.

Now, the control of the economy
and the perpetual robbery of wealth

is only one side of the Rubik's
cube the bankers hold in their hands.

The next tool for profit
and control is war.

It's important to understand
that the most lucrative thing

that could happen with
international bankers is war,

for it forces the country to
borrow even more money

from the Federal Reserve Bank
at interest...at interest...at interest...

[Voice of Ernst Zundel...]

"If Hitler had not come
to Germany in 1933?

Germany had 270,000
suicides the year before.

Germany was, in Berlin, the sin capital of the
world, thanks to largely Jewish entrepreneurs,

who ran the smut films
and the cabarets and so on.

Germany was [the]
dope capital for Europe.

German industry
was virtually dead.

Without Adolf Hitler, Germany would
have died with a whimper in 1934 or 1935.

Adolf Hitler
saved Germany.

At least he gave the Germans 12
years of liberation and freedom...

liberation and freedom...liberation
and freedom...liberation and freedom..."

You made a
fool out of me!

Tried to
humiliate me!

You must learn
to sit down!

Learn to...
- That's enough.

First of all, the film is
based upon this book,

Schindler's List, which won the
L.A. Times book award for FICTION.

Here we have a film that's being
shown to our schoolchildren as truth,

when it's based on the book
that says this is a work of fiction.

In other words,
it's not true.

"It has gotten so bad in this sick world we
live in, that now some leaders of nations are

openly promoting genocide
of the European people.

Sarkozy went
on to say that...

"I think there's a resurgence of anti-
Semitism because at this point in time

Europe has not yet learned
how to be multicultural.

And I think we are going to
be part of the throes of that...

of that transformation
which must take place.

Europe is not going to be the monolithic so-
cieties that they once were in the last century.

Jews are going to be
at the center of that.

It's a huge transformation
for Europe to make.

They are now going
into a multicultural mode.

And Jews will be resented
because of our leading role.

But without that leading role, and without
that transformation, Europe will not survive.

And I'm sure no intelligent
white person watching this show,

or no intelligent white man
in his or her right white mind,

want black boys and black girls
marrying their white sons and daughters,

and in return introducing their grandchildren
as half brown kinky haired black people.

- I wouldn't ...
- And I am sure...

I wouldn't
object to that.

Well you wouldn't but
a lot of them would.

Well, I will tell you you're
sad...that it's...it is sad

It ain't sad cause I want
my child to look like me.

Every intelligent person
wants his child to look like him.

I'm sad because I want to blot out my
race and lose my beautiful identity?

You can do
what you want!

But it's nature to want
to be with your own.

I want to be
with my own...

No one knows what it's like

To be the bad man

To be the sad man

Behind blue eyes

No one knows

What it's like to be hated

To be faded to telling only lies

But my dreams they aren't as empty

As my conscious seems to be

I have hours, only lonely

My love is vengeance

That's never free

No one knows what it's like

To feel these feelings

Like I do, and I blame you!

No one bites back as hard

On their anger

None of my pain woe

Can show through

But my dreams they aren't as empty

As my conscious seems to be

I have hours, only lonely

My love is vengeance

That's never free

No one knows what it's like

To be the bad man

To be the sad man

Behind blue eyes

No one knows

What it's like to feel these feelings

Like I do, and I blame you!

But my dreams

They aren't as empty

As my conscience seems to be

I have hours, only lonely

My love is vengeance

That's never free

After the armistice, the guns
went silent across Europe,

but not in Berlin, where
Germans were fighting Germans.

News of the loss by the Fatherland,
had come as a shock to Berliners,

and now the old
order was gone.

In its place
came chaos.

The streets of what was once a quiet
conservative town, became free fire zones.

The Nationalists in the extreme right, battling
it out with the Communists of the extreme left.

And out of this struggle, emerged a new
democratic state, the Weimar Republic.

In the 20th century, after the First World War,
the world's great metropolis of vice was Berlin.

Berlin in the 1920s was
the sex capital of Europe.

[A song plays: Falling in Love Again...]

If you knew what to look for you could
find anything, anything known to man

in the sexual world was
available on the streets of Berlin.

On any given night, as many as a
100,000 prostitutes walked the streets,

or worked the sex
clubs across the city.

There were all different whores with
different kinds of make-up on the street.

For instance, one
was called "Munzi".

Munzis, who were prostitutes who hung
out on just one street, munzstrasse,

and these were
pregnant prostitutes.

There were prostitutes who looked horrible, who
had massive scared faces or hunched backs or

were lame or crippled, these
were called "grasshoppers".

You had mother and daughter teams
on one street, that dressed exactly alike.

Here in Berlin, sex for sale offered every
sort of perversion or fetishism imaginable.

There was not a sexual appetite
that could not be satisfied; in the city.

There were clubs where lesbians
liked to whip school boys

and you'd find military officers sitting
there with children sitting on their laps.

So a lot of it was play acting. But there were
quite a lot of people who also indulged in it.

Berlin in the 1920s was
the sex capital of Europe.

Its very name became synonymous with
perversion, debauchery, and creativity.

Places that you hadn't noticed
would turn into outrageous strip clubs.

The basements
of the restaurants

would be homosexual or lesbian
romper rooms and sex clubs.

Every intellectual
was Leftish.

The whole political right wing,
which basically came from Munich,

did not play any
roll in the beginning.

The whole town was in
the hands of Leftist ideas.

But outside Berlin,

the right wing Nationalist movement was
attracting scores of disillusioned Germans,

including one obscure Austrian
Corporal by the name of Adolf Hitler.

Hitler, like many of the right
wingers, hated this new Berlin.

A city bursting with Bolsheviks,
socialists, revolutionaries, and Jews.

But in the early 1920s, Berliners
had more immediate concerns.

By 1922, inflation was
spiraling wildly out of control.

People would be paid in the morning,
and have suitcase fulls of bank notes.

And they would have to then run to the shops,
because in the time between being paid,

and the time when they bought their goods,
their food, the prices would have risen.

Berlin was in a state
of total total chaos.

Hundreds of thousands of
dispossessed starving in the streets

and at the same time,
you had very rich people.

You got on the one hand,
the poor eating turnip soup,

the Butchers selling
crows, squirrels, even rats.

And on the other side,
people who could afford it,

eating the most sumptuous meals,
like they never paused for thought.

With virtually every currency in the world
more valuable than the German mark,

foreign tourists flocked into the city to take
advance of the cheapest sex on the continent.

$10 dollars in American money,
could buy you anything you wanted.

Every possible sexual
taste was catered for.

House Fraus became harlots, teenagers
turned tricks, and Papa became a pimp.

When you have unemployed, you
also have an increase in sex workers.

But it wasn't
just Berliners.

It was tens and maybe hundreds of
thousands of young boys and young girls,

who were coming to Berlin to participate
in this hard currency sex traffic.

It was a city that was
filled with lesbian life.

There was the idea that every where you
went, you didn't have to hide what you were.

When it came to sex Marlene
Dietrich could be omnivorous.

As long as she
found them attractive,

she couldn't care less if her
lover was a man or a women.

Dietrich was an
omnipotent sexual figure.

She was an icon for gay women around the
world at a time when there was no one else.

With this new anything goes attitude, Berlin over
night replaced Paris as the center of Hedonism.

That's why people saw Berlin
as the Babylon of the 20s.

Things that had been considered
to be immoral amoral whatever,

were became irrelevant
and anything went.

Drugs were readily
available in Berlin.

Every variety of drug.
Morphine, cocaine, opium.

The morphine & cocaine you could probably get
prescribed by your local doctor or pharmacist.

Opium was widely available, and also
drugs were used in sexual science.

Sexual scientists were very
interested in the effects of for instance

morphine would have on the
orgasmic rate of a lesbian.

So there was a
complete scientific culture.

Berlin had become the center
of sexual experimentation.

It also became the center of scientific
research into sex, led by a pioneering doctor.

And this was a very funny character
called Papa or the Einstein of sex.

In Berlin, it was
Magnus Hirshfeld.

Hirshfeld was queer Jewish Social democrat,
who really defined the Liberal spirit of Berlin.

The crusading doctor for sexual freedom was
also the founder of the world's first institute

devoted to the
scientific study of sex.

You could go and look at various fetish
items, for example he had these trousers.

Now if you wore a trench coat
you could walk around Berlin,

and look like you had pants on, because
the lower parts of the trousers were there.

But then you had nothing on above
them, and you could flash this way.

This was thought to be
very tidily very amusing.

So it was this sort of thing, you could
see in the institute for sexual research.

Unlike his fellow [Jewish] doctor
in Vienna, Sigmund Freud,

Hirshfeld advocated the radical notion
that human sexuality could be studied,

without imposing
moral judgements.

Hirshfeld's also credited with operations and
surgeries of sex change & sexual rejuvenation.

He had a clinic for people to be
consoled about sexual problems.

But Berlin's reputation as a
hotbed for the new and risque,

was not just limited to
its bars and bedrooms.

They also streamed into the
city streets and clubs of Berlin.

From all across Europe, artists, writers,
and intellectuals with homosexual leanings

were drawn to
this metropolis.

Berlin was unquestioningly the
most open gay city in the world.

It attracted first W. H. Auden, the great British
poet, & then his friend, Christopher Isherwood.

Auden came first,

was interested in the gay scene there, and
talked about Berlin being a bugger's paradise.

Christopher Isherwood,
fed up with Cambridge,

and an England openly hostile to
homosexuals, chose to move to Berlin.

His novels about the wild side of
life in the city and its cabarets,

were eventually turned into a hugely
successful stage play and movie.

There were about a 160 completely different
lesbian and gay male night clubs and lounges.

Unlike most cities, with
their one red light district,

Berlin's erotic clubs were scattered
throughout the vast metropolis.

Bizarre sexual fantasies of domination,
were turned into works of art.

While they would indulge in a wide
variety of strange sexual experiments

involving violence and
death; all in the name of art.

In 1928, a Nazi
propaganda sheet,

denounced Berlin as a melting
pot of everything that is evil.

When Goebbels got off the
train in 1926, to take over the city,

he found the Nazis could scrape
together maybe 200 members.

And the Communists at
that point had about 250,000.

And they didn't particularly take to a
group of people who came in from outside

and said that everything
that the city had stood for

was all of a sudden to be abandoned or to be
considered decadent or to be pushed aside.

Hitler had personally
appointed him to go to Berlin.

It looked at the time like
an impossible mission.

He was a good choice for the Nazis
because he understood the city.

It was he who was designated to turn
the city from a bastion of Communism,

a red city, into a brown
one, a bastion of the Nazi's.

This was a
difficult proposition.

Berlin to them was
foreign territory.

They shared the
typical provincial,

conservative German's notion
about Berlin as a decadent place.

It was too avant-garde,
they hated the place.

Berlin was in
an upheaval.

Street fights
were common.

Unemployment
was worsening.

And then on January 30th, 1933, Hitler
was appointed Chancellor of Germany.

He made it clear what
his plans for the city were.

"What is ugly in Berlin,
we shall remove."

What happened in '33, especially, was that
the gay Berlin dime bars started to be raided.

Those things were allowed to kind of exist
under the radar, for, up until 1933 really.

The Nazi police started paying
attention to the dime bars.

They were harassing the customers, they were
closing them down; you might get arrested.

The Eldorado, home for some of the
most famous transvestites in the city,

was taken over and turned
into Nazi headquarters.

Goebbels sang out the name of every book as
it was consigned to the flames, legend has it.

The exodus was
almost immediate.

Bertolt Brecht, Kurt Weill, George Grosz,
Albert Einstein, Marlene Dietrich,

just a small number of the
thousands who were driven into exile.

Berlin for a short 14 years,
had been a crucible of history.

Brimming with a volatile mix
of sex, arts, and politics,

laced with disillusionment,
and spiked with decadence.

The Babylon of the river
supreme was no more.