Original subtitles

BBC NARRATOR: He is a famous photographer,

the only Negro cameraman on LIFE magazine.

He's a composer, an author, and a film director.

Among his friends in the world of liberal arts,

he's a success in his own right, accepted on that basis.

But he is still a Negro living in America.

Not every White American has heard

of the famous Gordon Parks.

When I walked into LIFE magazine, that uh,

18 years ago...

You see, a Negro-- Put it like this.

A Negro builds up a double defense.

When you are a kid, you have to prepare

to be able to do much more than a White boy,

so that if the time comes

where your talent is pitted against a White man,

you will get the nod because they can't afford to lose you.

The term, "living in a White man's world"

is one I don't particularly like.

A lot of Negroes use it, a lot of Whites use it.

But I consider this my world.

♪ ("THIS WORLD" BY CHARLES BRADLEY PLAYING) ♪

♪ This world Is going up in flames ♪

♪ And nobody Wanna take the blame ♪

BLM PROTESTERS: Hands up! Don't shoot! Hands up! Don't shoot!

♪ Don't tell me How to live my life ♪

♪ When you Never felt the pain ♪

♪ Oh, oh, oh ♪

♪ Ooh! They don't hear me cry ♪

♪ Ooh! Oh, it's killing me ♪

♪ A better world, oh baby! ♪

♪ Gotta make it baby Gotta make it right ♪

♪ Baby! Oh! ♪

♪ (MUSIC FADES) ♪

(POLICE SIREN WAILING)

COACH: Let's go, let's go, let's go, let's go, let's go.

DEVIN ALLEN: I only can imagine if Gordon Parks was alive now.

What he would be able to do.

You know, to talk about these serious issues.

Always something going on around here. (CHUCKLES)

There you go, shorty.

I had to make a lot of mistakes, you know,

to get to where I am now.

♪ (DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYS) ♪

ALLEN: I was hustling, and I was in the streets.

I lost like my first friend at like 16, 17,

due to gun violence, and that kind of, like, changed my world.

I wanted to really pursue art.

So I would go to Barnes & Noble,

and just, like, have all these photography books out.

And I just would, like, sit and look at Gordon's work,

if it was him shooting his stuff in Harlem.

The story, the gang--

that's still going on to this day.

I was like, "So I can shoot all these things too.

I'ma get me a camera."

So it started off as just a personal journey...

(PROTESTORS CHANTING)

...but as I got deep into my career,

that's when I really started realizing

how powerful an image can be.

'Cause my career is literally built on

the broken back of Freddie Gray.

REPORTER: The 25-year-old falls into a coma

at shock trauma and dies seven days later.

PROTESTERS: Freddie! Freddie! Freddie!

ALLEN: I knew how my city was,

and the energy that was, like, kinda vibrating.

So I just took to the streets.

PROTESTERS: No justice, no peace! No racist police!

ALLEN: When everything really hit the fan

is when we were down in Camden Yards,

and all the police were worried about the fact

that we had an Orioles game.

Some fans at the bars were actually calling us the N-word,

they were calling us monkeys.

And that's what actually started everything.

(CROWD SCREAMING)

(GLASS SMASHING)

ALLEN: And this guy runs past, and he throws something,

and I just snapped the picture. I don't think nothing of it.

I remember just uploading the image

while all of this was going on, saying, "We're sick and tired."

And around that time, I get like

a blocked call come through, and he is like,

"This is Olivier from TIME magazine.

I wanted to talk to Devin Allen about his work in Baltimore.

What publication are you with?"

I'm like, "I'm not with no publication."

And I told them my story, and we did a blog from it.

I go to sleep. I wake up,

and I just see all these, like, tweets. And it says,

"Amateur photographer from West Baltimore

snags the cover of TIME magazine."

And I just burst out in tears, and I call my mother,

and she burst out in tears,

and my whole family is just crying.

For the first time, I understood what Gordon was talking about,

that the camera is a real weapon,

and I realized how powerful I am with a camera in my hand.

♪ (SOFT JAZZ MUSIC PLAYING) ♪

GORDON PARKS: I might have turned eventually

to the gun or the knife as a weapon to survive,

but by then I had chosen the camera.

Photography was the way in which I could express my own feelings

about racism in America,

about the downtrodden.

And somehow or another, I might

transcend my own experience.

I live off of my emotions, perhaps, you know.

And so I had turned those emotions

into some mercenary thing, by which I could survive.

♪ (MUSIC CONTINUES) ♪

BRYAN STEVENSON: What distinguishes Gordon Parks

from a lot of other artists is that he had

a quintessentially authentic Black experience.

I mean, he was the child of Black people

who had fled enslavement.

Growing up in Kansas,

to be proximate to lynching and racial terrorism,

to understand the weight

that people of color felt in these spaces

where you had to basically be two people.

One person around White people

that would keep you safe,

and another person with your family.

I think just gave him an insight to the Black narrative.

(INDISTINCT CHATTER)

Boy, they sure are having a good ol' time

over there at that crap game.

PARKS: Kansas itself offered you freedom on one hand,

and on the other hand, it was trying to take it away from you.

Tuck! Tuck! Kirky's coming!

♪ (TENSE MUSIC PLAYING) ♪

Run, Tuck, run!

KIRKY: Stop damn it, I'll shoot!

(GUNSHOT)

♪ (TENSE MUSIC CONTINUES) ♪

PARKS: Four or five of my closest friends

had died through violence.

About four people were shot to death.

My mother wanted me out of there.

She knew it was a dangerous place for me to live.

PHILIP BROOKMAN: Gordon lived a wandering life as a young person.

He gets a job as a waiter

on the dining car of the Northern Pacific.

PARKS: I had great expectations, you know.

I thought I was going to conquer a new world.

He had to go through getting kicked off of the trains.

He had to go through hanging out with the bums.

He had to go through all these different forms of life,

but when you're traveling around the world

and you're in a place where you've never been before,

the first thing that you have to do is observe.

And the more you observe,

the more you understand what's going on around you.

JAMEL SHABAZZ: He would ride the trains and pick up the magazines,

and look at imagery and be informed behind that.

Having an opportunity to go to different cities,

under some really harsh conditions,

just to survive and being amongst the filth

and the drunkenness and addiction.

Luckily for him, he was able to get that camera.

BROOKMAN: He's teaching himself photography

by reading, uh, training manuals.

His studio was the kitchen of his home,

and his lights were made from tin cans.

That's how Gordon Parks started out, you know,

making pictures and then selling them to the newspaper.

♪ (JAZZ MUSIC PLAYING) ♪

STEVENSON: When Black photographers began

capturing African American life,

it created a new relationship

for Black people to their own identity.

When Gordon Parks came along, he found value and interest

and art in the lives of ordinary people.

AVA DUVERNAY: At a time and in a society

where Black people were told far too often

that we're criminals, that we're ugly,

that we're less worthy

to have the spotlight on us for any reason,

Gordon put a lens and a light on us for ourselves.

And allowed us to see the elegance of the lives

that we live and the places where we are.

♪ (JAZZ MUSIC CONTINUES) ♪

BROOKMAN: In January 1942, Parks receives word

that he's been awarded a fellowship

to work for a year at

the Farm Security Administration in Washington.

The purpose of the FSA was to resettle American farmers

who had lost their land during the Dust Bowl.

♪ (SOMBER MUSIC PLAYING) ♪

BROOKMAN: It set up a unit of photographers and filmmakers

who could help to document what they were doing.

It was run by a man by the name of Roy Stryker.

MICHAL RAZ-RUSSO: Many of the photographers who shot for

the Farm Security Administration become heroes for Gordon Parks,

and he's really interested in the process and their approach.

And so his idea is, "Let me go out there,

and let me mentor under Roy Stryker."

PARKS: He was the one who taught me

that when you are doing a story,

it's not for you to accept the people,

but the people to accept you.

Because you are going into their presence,

asking them to help you.

BROOKMAN: Roy Stryker actually introduces Gordon Parks

to the cleaning woman,

who cleans the offices in the Agriculture Department.

A woman by the name of Ella Watson.

He photographs her at work,

sweeping floors, cleaning the offices.

In one office, there's an American flag

hanging on the wall.

LONNIE BUNCH: Here is a woman

who in some ways is the backbone of America...

yet she is standing in front of a flag,

in front of an America that didn't believe in her.

SPIKE LEE: Gordon Parks is one of my heroes.

Ella Watson.

This photograph, to me, talks about

how our ancestors,

from 1619,

when that first slave ship hit Jamestown, Virginia.

We have fought and died for this country.

We have loved this country, but the love has not been returned.

That's what this photograph says to me.

Then I thought of Grant Wood and American Gothic.

I said, "Take this broom in one hand,

take this mop in the other,

and stand before that American flag."

I blew it up the next morning,

put it on Stryker's desk, and he nearly fainted.

He said, "Oh my God, you're going to get us all fired."

LATOYA RUBY FRAZIER: She's standing in front of the American flag...

in a society, a nation, and a government

that doesn't recognize her as a full human being.

PARKS: I made a very innocent, bold, outrageous statement.

FRAZIER: You know, it reminds me of the Malcolm X quote,

"The most hated, the most mistreated,

and the most abused person in America is the Black woman."

There it is right there, written on her face.

♪ (SOMBER MUSIC FADES) ♪

BROOKMAN: Parks continues to photograph Ella Watson.

♪ (WHIMSICAL MUSIC PLAYS) ♪

BROOKMAN: He worked with her for a period of weeks.

He photographs her at church, he photographs her neighborhood.

There is one amazing photograph

that he makes of Ella Watson at home.

The photograph is divided right down the middle,

and you see Ella Watson on the left side,

helping to feed one of the young kids.

On the right side of the picture there is a mirror,

and her adopted daughter is reflected in the mirror.

You can see, also a photograph,

it's a photograph of Ella Watson's parents.

So you're actually seeing four generations of this family,

all in one photograph

that's composed in a very sophisticated way.

RAZ-RUSSO: That's the turning point for him.

It's there, through this project,

that he understands how important it is

to get to know his subject.

To really try and depict the humanity

of the subjects that he is photographing.

♪ (MUSIC CONTINUES) ♪

-(CAMERA SHUTTER CLICKS) -(BIRDS CHIRPING)

MR. SMILEY: This is his way of holding on to me,

and I don't spend enough time with him. (CHUCKLES)

He says, "I got you now, can't go nowhere." (CHUCKLES)

-FRAZIER: "What do you mean?" -MR. SMILEY: Yeah, what you been doing?

Leave me out here all by myself.

FRAZIER: Look this way, Mr. Smiley.

When I read Gordon's autobiography, A Choice of Weapons,

I mean, everything that he went through

to define himself on his own terms

and to say with the camera,

"This is how I am going to make my mark and change

all the things that I don't like about America, right."

It stays with me because I grew up

living in a dilapidated house next to the railroad

in an industrial small town,

watching everyone kind of disappear and the city shrink

and have all our basic human rights stripped from us.

♪ (SOMBER MUSIC PLAYING) ♪

FRAZIER: I found the ability to cope and move forward through art.

Right, it started out being drawings and paintings

and then eventually moving into photography.

Those photographs are what enabled me

to save my own life.

In 2016, I was commissioned by ELLE magazine

and Hearst Corporation to produce a photo essay

about the Flint water crisis.

REPORTER 1: It's not safe to drink the water in Flint, Michigan.

REPORTER 2: Flint disconnected its water supply through Detroit

and began drawing water from the Flint River instead.

REPORTER 3: Highly corrosive river water flowed through the city's lead pipes,

leaching lead into the water supply.

FRAZIER: That's how Shea Cobb and I met

and how I've built this very robust friendship.

It was for several months that I was photographing Shea

and her eight-year-old daughter, Zion.

And Shea was faced with having to decide

to protect her daughter's health,

and the issue with lead is, in an eight-year-old child,

it's going to leach into their brain.

It couldn't have been more than a week

that I was photographing Shea in Flint.

She said her father sent her something.

And it's a picture of her at the age of 12,

taking her first sip of water from a freshwater spring

on the land where her father lives in Mississippi,

with a message that said,

"This water won't kill you. Come home."

And so she makes the decision to leave her mother

and make the reverse migration back to the South,

where her father lives,

on land that his family has always owned.

Oh wow! He's gotten so much bigger.

This is the one that I was seeing that was a baby?

When I started doing karate moves, like to practice, he thinks he can do it,

so he holds onto stuff and then fell flat on his butt.

FRAZIER: So I returned to Mississippi

to continue a body of work

that I'm committed to with Shea Cobb,

her daughter Zion, who's now 12,

and Shea's father, Mr. Doug Smiley.

MR. SMILEY: Thank you, Lord, for this food and all of our many blessings.

-Thank you. -ALL: Amen.

FRAZIER: And so it was a tumultuous time to enter into Shea's life,

and she didn't have to trust me,

but I think it goes back to Gordon.

You need to be present

and talk to people for as long as it takes.

I get to know the person that is the main subject of the work,

and I learn to empathize...

and also allow their feelings to guide me through

the landscape that they inhabit.

This was, you know, a real lesson

about not only empathizing

but listening and taking the instructions and allowing the images

to be authored by someone else.

Like, that's a real collaboration.

And I also knew to take those cues

because I had been closely looking at Ralph Ellison

and Gordon Parks's collaboration in the late '40s.

♪ (UPBEAT JAZZ MUSIC PLAYING) ♪

PARKS: Ralph Ellison wrote Invisible Man.

I did a story on the need of psychiatric treatment in Harlem.

Ellison actually writes a manifesto

for Gordon Parks titled the "Pictorial Problem."

He wants the photographs to function

as both document and symbol.

And this phrase becomes a kind of guiding principle

for Gordon Parks's entire career.

This idea that photographs can transcend what is just being depicted.

FRAZIER: Ellison details a list of certain kinds of images

that he would like Parks to make.

Images that psychologically impact the viewer.

The feeling of a place

and the feeling of being robbed and dehumanized...

in an undulating poetic visual way.

RAZ-RUSSO: Later in 1952, Parks approaches Ralph Ellison.

Ellison had just published Invisible Man,

and he says, "Let's create another collaboration

to celebrate the publication."

They go out on the streets once again and they create photographs

that represent nearly every single scene in the book.

LEE: This picture could have been taken during slavery.

We're all tryna watch out

for the motherfuckin' slave catchers.

And my brother here ran off the plantation.

And he's running for his life.

♪ (UPBEAT JAZZ MUSIC FADES) ♪

Parks takes the portfolio of images that he shot

for his collaboration with Ralph Ellison in 1948

to LIFE magazine,

to pitch them a story about a Harlem gang leader.

BUNCH: LIFE magazine was the Bible.

People read the newspapers, listened to the radio.

But for many people, it really was LIFE magazine that helped them understand

what was going on in America.

PARKS: I met the picture editor,

who offered me the great sum of 500 dollars

to do the Harlem gang story.

When I walked out of there, I was frightened.

How do you walk in and ask the gang leader to let me photograph your life

when he's hiding from the police?

I used the broad approach

when I first went up to the police precinct

and asked one of the detectives if they knew such a gang leader.

And they said, "Yeah, we know plenty of them,

but none of them gonna let you photograph them."

While I was in the precinct, a young man walked in,

and he literally cursed the desk sergeant out about something.

And so I said to my detective friend, "Who is that guy?"

He said, "That is the most notorious gang leader in all of Harlem."

His name was Red Jackson.

I told him I was from LIFE magazine.

I want to do a story on him, very bluntly, you know.

That's the way I got into that story.

I didn't take pictures in the beginning.

I just sort of sat with them on the stoop in Harlem

in the hot summer days and listened to their talk.

♪ (SOFT JAZZ MUSIC PLAYING) ♪

PARKS: So one day he just said,

"When are you going to use your camera?"

I said, "Oh, you know, anytime something happens."

This is like what he learned from the Farm Security Administration project

he does with Ella Watson.

He knows that he has to get to know somebody really well

and spend time with them.

Red was a little apprehensive,

but they built this great bond with each other,

and Gordon recognized his leadership ability,

and they developed a really unique relationship.

PARKS: I stayed with his gang about three months.

MAURICE BERGER: He photographed Red in his everyday life.

Being with his mother in the kitchen cooking,

washing the dishes,

sitting with his brother while his brother was reading.

RAZ-RUSSO: His goal was to create a story

from an insider point of view.

BUNCH: He added levels of complexity

and levels of understanding, that you might not have gotten in other photography.

No one's a gangster 24 hours a day.

Everyone who is a gangster has a family.

BROOKMAN: He also photographs him out on the streets...

with members of his gang.

He photographs fights and violence.

So it's a really interesting look at the life of a young,

you know, gang leader.

PARKS: Two boys were killed while I was with him.

There's one picture in the LIFE story of Herbie lying in his coffin.

He'd been stabbed in the neck and parts of his head.

And Red picked Herbie's head up and felt the wounds,

and said, "We're going to do the same thing to them."

SHABAZZ: I think that Gordon saw himself in Red Jackson.

Because if Gordon didn't pick up the camera,

he could have easily been Red Jackson.

He just saw a young man that had a lot of potential.

He was a leader. He saw he didn't have a father.

At the same time, trying to show him in a light

that will illuminate some of the problems that existed in Harlem

in regards to poverty and gang warfare and injustice.

SHABAZZ: How y'all feeling today?

I like that outfit there, young man.

Can I borrow that jacket? Wow, I like that haircut too, troop.

Who hooked you up? All right, here we go.

I'm gonna say showtime, and let's do it.

You guys are ready?

'Cause I think you guys are gonna be famous.

All right, here we go. Ready?

-All right, look at me. I think you guys got it. -(CAMERA CLICKING)

Gordon spoke about the power of photography and imagery

and how you could use the camera as a weapon.

It's through the photography that I want to really express myself.

That gave me a voice 'cause prior to that I was lost.

I fell victim to the streets, but once I picked up the camera,

it became my compass.

I have a tool that I can use,

not only to document the community

but to save lives at the same time.

Gordon spoke about the 35 millimeter

and how it could be a more effective weapon.

And that really resonated with me

because I grew up in a gun culture,

you know with the nine millimeters.

It was the empathy that he had for his subjects

that I thought was really powerful.

You had Red Jackson, his difficult life coming up.

Gordon just wanted to be like a mentor and a guide.

I spent 20 years in the Department of Corrections.

When the opportunity came to work on Rikers Island,

I accepted it as my new assignment.

NEWS REPORTER: Crack is causing an increase in murder and other violent crime.

SHABAZZ: This is right around the same time

that the crack epidemic hit.

So now I'm in this space,

and I'm seeing the impact of drugs

and the lack of rehabilitation.

I'm taking my camera to the job every day.

I'm documenting the world inside.

I'm witnessing brutality and hatred.

I felt it was my responsibility to talk to young people

about what was going on

because a lot of young men were dying

at the hands of other young men.

And I was very troubled by what I was seeing.

So I would place myself in different positions

where young people would be at, and I would approach them.

If I saw a group, I would look at the leader and say,

"You know, with all due respect, I'm a photographer,

when I look at you, I see greatness.

If you don't mind, I'd like to take a photograph

of you and your crew."

And then I would start posing them.

And then they would create poses.

and the poses gave it life.

♪ (JOYFUL MUSIC PLAYING) ♪

SHABAZZ: Once the film roll was completed, I would put the film in the shop,

I would come back in an hour, and I would go back to the location,

I would give out prints.

It let them know that they weren't invisible.

As kids, we could just tear each other down.

I use the camera to build people up

and let people feel special.

A lot of them were really receptive

to hearing what I was saying 'cause I'm speaking in real time.

Just a few hours ago, I was on Rikers Island,

and I witnessed, you know, people getting stabbed

and individuals that thought that they can handle it,

and they couldn't. And they would listen.

So I was trying to encourage them to be better. You know, I didn't want to see

no more of these young men incarcerated.

♪ (JOYFUL MUSIC FADES) ♪

I owe a lot of where I'm at right now to Gordon

because we didn't have a lot of Black photographers to mirror,

you know, when I was coming up. Gordon was that pathfinder.

NARRATOR: LIFE magazine is the headquarters

for photographer Gordon Parks

on the staff of the popular

pictorial news magazine since 1949.

And a man who stands at the top of his profession.

BROOKMAN: Because of the success of

"Harlem Gang Leader", Parks was hired onto the staff

as the first African American photographer at LIFE,

which was a really big deal.

This was entry into the media that was seen internationally.

NARRATOR: Parks's work is amongst the finest in a magazine,

noted for photographic excellence.

BERGER: By the mid-1950s, Parks had already become,

for want of a better word, very established.

JELANI COBB: He really does have that internally solid

perseverance kind of quality to him.

PARKS: I've tried to use the camera

to sort of correct the things that

I experienced as a young Black man coming up in America.

COBB: And then with all that

Black people were confronting at that point,

it requires a great deal of temerity

to say that you're going to change that with your camera.

BERGER: In 1956, LIFE sent Gordon to Alabama

to do a story about segregation in the Jim Crow South.

KHALIL MUHAMMAD: Dispatches coming out of the south

are the usual reporting on racial violence.

COBB: In 1955, just months before

Gordon Parks traveled to Alabama,

Emmett Till was brutally tortured and killed

in Money, Mississippi.

If the death of my son can mean something

to the other unfortunate people all over the world,

then for him to have died a hero

would mean more to me than for him just to have died.

COBB: His mother Mamie allowed Jet magazine to publish

the images of his defiled, desecrated body.

I saw Emmett Till's photograph in Jet magazine.

I'll never forget it.

I still get very emotional.

I was eight years old when Emmett Till was murdered

and I didn't... I-- Wh-- What--

What was that all about? I couldn't understand it.

COBB: That photograph was really evidence

of what could happen to you

as a Black person in the deep South,

and that was the world that Gordon Parks

was stepping into in 1956.

Gordon liked to embody whatever subject

he had been asked by his editors

to represent in a family.

Because he knew that the readers of LIFE magazine

would be innately sympathetic to the circumstances of a child,

of a family, and of a community.

Those photographs had tremendous impact

partly because of the color.

At that time, a searing photo essay in the pages of LIFE

was practically expected to be in black and white.

STEVENSON: He wanted that color to implicate people seeing this,

so that they would understand this is your America right now.

People were told that segregation was benign.

It's okay, Black people want it.

That's not what you see

when you see his images and the hurt and the exclusion

that these families present.

These children are literally excluded by this fence

that they cannot pass.

STEVENSON: Even from behind,

he's able to convey their sense of longing

to be able to go into that space.

ALLEN: He can take something that's so negative,

but when you first digest it and look at it,

before you start to unpack everything,

it's like super warm, and it just like blows you away.

I think he was really good at even things

that might have been

uncomfortable for, as a Black person to capture

but he has this thing where the way he frames stuff,

it draws you in, and it makes you wanna have a conversation.

There's an elegance. Even, there's an elegance,

even to his depictions of evil, basically.

DUVERNAY: It's her dress that does it for me

and the earring, and the purse, and the perfectly matched shoes.

She's a queen,

and yet she has to have a separate entrance

from the White woman in the red dress

that's further down the street.

BERGER: Mrs. Joanne Wilson was walking with her young niece

by a segregated movie theatre,

and the little girl smelled popcorn.

I interviewed Mrs. Wilson 60 years after that photograph was taken.

And she said, "I was feeling a sense of almost panic of what to do.

I wasn't going to take my niece

into a segregated back entrance. I wouldn't do it."

So I asked Mrs. Wilson

about the experience of the shoot,

and I said, "Was there anything about it that upset you

or bothered you?" and she said,

and she loved Gordon,

and she said, "Yes.

When I looked at the photograph, I realized that

the strap of my slip had fallen.

I was a proud Black woman in Alabama,

and I never left my house not being dressed perfectly."

I understand how she felt,

but I don't think that Gordon would have told her

to adjust the strap because for him

it represented something remarkable.

She was distracted.

You cannot be a mother or even human

and not see that little moment of drama in a photograph

and not feel a sense of affiliation with Mrs. Wilson.

DARREN WALKER: Gordon Parks's photography demanded

that America look at itself.

His work did what art does at its very best.

It makes the viewer engage deeply in the subject.

And to see narratives about life,

about our history.

So when you look at those beautiful photographs,

what you saw was dignity

in the face of remarkable discrimination and bigotry.

♪ (MELANCHOLIC MUSIC PLAYING) ♪

And rising...

You got to wait for him to rise, folks.

Okay, now rise behind him. You got to look for him.

One of the things about Mr. Parks

that had been really inspiring and informative

is the idea that if I pick up my camera,

I can say something and show something,

and that I will be heard,

and that it will be seen, and a story will be told.

Action!

And that my camera gives me the power to do that.

To think of the camera as a weapon is a strong way

to think about it and something that I have come to embrace.

Some of my favorite work of his is in color.

There's something about the color that feels very painterly

in a way that's different from the black and white.

I remember looking at those photos, and I look at them often.

They inform, even choices that I make in cinematography

for my films.

There's a photo that I love.

It's a little boy sitting in a field,

and he has an "X" on his head

that's like a target.

That image just says so much.

The rest, the relaxation, the intimacy,

juxtaposed against the poverty.

We think of photography, I think,

as like a solitary art practice.

It's the photographer and their camera,

but really, they're in relationship with their subject.

When I look at his work, I think, "God! How'd he get that?"

The ease and the intimacy

that comes through in so much of his work.

The process with actors is you're trying to achieve

the same ends of intimacy, of a connection...

Action!

...of an understanding of the material and each other,

so that you can get to those true places.

Pent up emotions and inattention

would have led to an uncontrollable,

retaliatory situation.

Well done. We're good. Looking good. Thank you.

DUVERNAY: The thing for Black filmmakers is

for far too long we've been relegated to

one set of tools, if any.

One of the things about Mr. Parks is the ability

to work within many boxes and to use many tools.

♪ (CALM MUSIC PLAYING) ♪

RAZ-RUSSO: If one were to look at the entirety

of Gordon Parks's career,

you would be struck by the range of work that he did.

It's absolutely fascinating how he's able to bounce around

from photojournalism to fashion photography,

to portraiture, to abstraction, and everything in between.

And yet somehow, it's all tied together by his approach,

the idea that he's fully invested

in every single one of his subjects.

NELSON GEORGE: His whole thing was to be there

and have a point of view. Definitely had a point of view

about Black liberation, Black freedom,

White oppression, uh, fashion.

But not to impose that in the environment,

to be able to be there

and find those moments where, "Boom, boom, boom."

My mom and Gordon Parks met

on a photo shoot for LIFE magazine.

She was gonna be in a play called The Swan

and Gordon was the photographer assigned to it.

They just instantly sort of clicked.

My mom, I mean, you couldn't have more different circumstances,

she grew up obviously surrounded by great wealth.

She said that this was the first African American person

she really became friends with.

I think they did connect as artists.

That was the beginning of what would become

this extraordinary lifelong friendship.

I always knew there was more to their relationship

than he was just a family friend

who would spend weekends out in Long Island with us.

But I knew Gordon's work

from the time I was a kid. I followed it.

He had the ability to tell other people's stories

and the ability to enmesh yourself in somebody else's life

and to document it.

I just found that amazing.

GEORGE: Gordon was this guy who could connect with all of these people,

and not necessarily be everyone's best friend,

but gain respect enough to move in their spaces.

As a photographer, and I learned myself as a journalist,

the ability to be there and be present

but not to interfere.

To be able to sit back,

let it happen, observe closely what's going on,

and find out what's interesting about it.

He had that ability, and it comes through

in all of his photography.

♪ (MELLOW JAZZ MUSIC PLAYING) ♪

BERGER: In 1957, LIFE sent Gordon

to photograph the American crime crisis.

♪ (JAZZ MUSIC CONTINUES) ♪

He represented crime as an ambiguity.

It deracialized the story of crime.

There were White criminals. There were Black criminals.

He also showed the humanity around crime.

STEVENSON: It challenges this notion

that a criminal is someone who is

entirely loathsome, entirely evil.

There's an incredible photograph of a prison cell.

You see a hand leaning over one of the bars with a cigarette,

but on the bottom, you see the hand grabbing the bar.

What you see is the anxiety

of the person behind bars.

ALLEN: Gordon was able to tell both sides of the story.

Being able to go into a police station

and shooting from that perspective.

As an artist, we are the medium between opposing sides,

and we are the only ones that can actually

create that narrative to even start a conversation.

♪ (MUSIC FADES) ♪

STEVENSON: You cannot be a person of color

growing up in the urban north

and not be mindful of the way in which

police officers were symbols.

They represented threat and menace.

My cousins lived in North Philadelphia,

and when we would go spend time with them,

there was a completely foreign environment.

And my cousin would say,

"If you see a gang coming down one street

and you see the police coming down another street,

both of them are dangerous,

but run toward the gang, not toward the police."

And it wasn't because people didn't want law and order.

They did. They just didn't want it imposed through abuse.

♪ (SOMBER MUSIC PLAYING) ♪

STEVENSON: And Parks got it, you know, in the images presented.

That image where he shows those police officers

crashing down a door, gun in hand.

There's a kind of violence.

Can you imagine being on the other side of this door?

So it's a really powerful image to contradict this idea

that these are the people who make us safe.

You know, I see this and I think,

"Keep me as far away from these guys as possible."

♪ (SOMBER MUSIC FADES) ♪

STEVENSON: Using the rule of law is certainly a way

to fight against inequality and injustice.

But I have recognized that that's not enough.

Now I see myself very much engaged in...

in narrative work and using narrative tools

to fight against inequality and injustice,

and that's the reason why it makes perfect sense to us

to build a museum.

The primary goal is to tell a story about our history

that shakes people sufficiently.

You're motivated to say, "Never again"

to racial bigotry and bias.

Gordon Parks became central

to the way we wanted to talk about our imagery

and storytelling through photography.

Narrative work is how Parks changed hearts and minds.

You can change laws,

but if you don't, kind of, work on people

and the psychology behind bigotry and exclusion,

then you're not gonna make any progress.

And Parks understood early that he had a role to play

if we were gonna kind of shape the things

that people believe about equality.

You know, as a photographer for LIFE,

you look at publications like that.

And in this very subtle way, this notion of

who is an American was being reinforced.

Week after week, month after month.

♪ (MELANCHOLIC MUSIC PLAYING) ♪

STEVENSON: And so Parks's images really disrupted that.

If you had to see this Black family

in one of his photos

juxtaposed with these White families

in these ads,

it caused you to kind of think just a little differently.

It raised questions about who is an American.

Gordon Parks was often criticized

as much as he was applauded

for his position at LIFE magazine,

and he was very aware of being in a conflicted position.

He talks about how he was seen as often going in

as LIFE's, quote, "Black photographer,"

and creating stories that were meant to appeal

to a White audience.

At the same time, he understood that

when he was covering stories that had to do with race,

that he was in a unique position

to tell those stories from his point of view.

And a great example of that was in 1963, when he was sent

to do a story about the Nation of Islam.

MALCOLM X: America is a White man's country.

A country that was stolen by the White man

from the dark-skinned Indians,

who then kidnapped our people and brought us here in chains.

PARKS: I saw Malcolm for the very first time in person

on the corner of 125th Street and 7th Avenue.

MALCOLM: There's no such thing as justice in this country

for a Black man.

And there's no such thing as equality in this country

for a Black man.

This is a White man's country!

PARKS: The first thing I asked him was about the possibility

of my covering the Black Muslims.

And he said, "Well, the honorable Elijah Muhammad

would have to decide that."

Malcolm and I flew to Phoenix, Arizona.

The first thing Elijah Muhammad said to me was,

"Why are you working for the White devils?"

I said, "Well, you know, you've heard of

getting behind the iron horse

and finding out what's going on?"

He said, "I don't buy that."

(LAUGHS)

Well, in any case, he said, "We'll give you a try.

Brother Malcolm is gonna escort you through

the world of Islam, and if I like what you do,

I'll send you a big box of cigars.

If I don't like what you do, we'll be out to visit you."

(LAUGHS)

And that's the way Malcolm and I got started.

MALCOLM: In the name of Allah, the beneficent, the merciful,

to whom all praise is due.

Whom we forever thank for giving us

the honorable Elijah Muhammad

as our leader, teacher, and guide.

PARKS: I found in the mosques such order,

uniformity in just about everything.

Malcolm would walk with a long stick

and point to a blackboard and explain what Elijah Muhammad

expected of Muslims.

I was surprised to see them training German Shepherd dogs.

Malcolm would look at me and smile.

He says, "If they can face that dog

with its vicious fangs,

they can face a lot of other things."

I went into some of the Muslim families.

I asked one father in Brooklyn,

I said, "Suppose your son came home one day

and told you that he was renouncing the Muslim religion."

He said, "I would turn him from my door

and would never allow him in again."

It was amazing, the faith that they had

in Elijah Muhammad and in Malcolm.

RAZ-RUSSO: Gordon Parks spends several months

with members of the Nation of Islam.

It becomes a true collaboration

where Gordon Parks is allowed unprecedented access.

I was in New York when I got a call from Malcolm.

He had just reached the Los Angeles Airport.

He said, "Can you get out here?"

MALCOLM: The person, whom you have come

to know as Ronald Stokes, we know him as brother Ronald.

And an innocent man when he was murdered.

PARKS: That's when Ronald Stokes was shot.

Police had gone to the mosque,

and there'd been some confrontation

with the young Muslims out in front of the mosque.

MALCOLM: These are the victims of police bullets.

And it is the police who should be on trial here in Los Angeles.

PARKS: Malcolm wanted to show the rest of the world

that these guys were using brutality,

especially against Muslims.

MALCOLM: They can go in and murder unarmed,

innocent Negroes,

and the White public is gullible enough to back them up.

PARKS: Malcolm was terribly angry,

as were a lot of Black people who were not Muslims.

I was angry myself, terribly angry.

It was very tense out there.

Cops were patrolling the streets.

I knew if something happened, I would be in the firing line.

I never separated myself from them

in terms of being a reporter.

I felt, frankly, like a Muslim.

Malcolm and I really felt like brothers.

(CHUCKLES) He was not the fiery monster

that he was on the street corner.

He was a gentle, sweet guy.

Coming between Los Angeles and New York,

we took a night plane.

And he leaned over on my shoulder and said to me,

"Brother, you know I have a lot of respect for you."

Things of that sort.

And I said, "Well, I have a lot of respect for you."

He dropped his head on my shoulder and went to sleep.

When we reached New York, I said, "You called me 'brother'

for the first time." He said,

"Well, for the first time, you deserved it."

(LAUGHS)

♪ (EMOTIONAL MUSIC PLAYS) ♪

When the story came out in LIFE,

the headline and the disposition of the text to photographs

turned it into something very inflammatory.

The text is quite critical.

It presents this, you know, what was the popular view

of the Nation of Islam at the time.

As an outsider group, as a somewhat violent group.

What's fascinating is that Gordon Parks

actually contributes his own separate text

saying, "These are systemic problems

across the United States.

These are problems that are relevant to everyone's life.

These are problems that you should see from this point of view."

And that's where he becomes an activist.

-ASSISTANT CAMERAMAN: B-mark. -Backward action!

LAURA HARRIER: Are you down for the liberation of Black people?

JOHN DAVID WASHINGTON: Do we always have to talk politics?

What's more important?

LEE: Cut! Check the gate.

I love Gordon.

We just have great respect for each other.

Action!

He's one of the guys, without them,

I would not be the filmmaker I am.

OSSIE DAVIS: Harlem has come to bid farewell

to one of its brightest hopes.

LEE: At the end of Malcolm X, we had my brother, Ossie Davis,

re-record the eulogy

which he gave at Malcolm's Muslim funeral.

And there's a montage.

Many of the pictures were taken by my brother, Gordon Parks.

We were very happy that

Gordon gave us the permission to use those

historic photographs of Malcolm X.

That camera in his hands was a weapon.

That was a motherfuckin' bazooka!

(LAUGHS)

That wasn't no six shooter or rifle.

When Mr. Gordon Parks had that camera in his hand,

that was a bazooka.

But you're not gonna get the great photographs

if you don't establish trust.

Gordon come in, light up a room,

gave everybody respect. No matter if you were

Gloria Vanderbilt or some bum on the street.

It's only when people feel safe that they open themselves up.

And then, the camera will capture the essence.

At least with the films I'm doing,

especially more for documentaries I think,

you gotta ask people personal questions

about very painful moments in their life.

For example, 4 Little Girls was about the bombing

of the 16th Street Birmingham Baptist Church.

And when you're talking to someone

whose kid was--

dynamite blew their body apart.

That's not easy.

When did you find out that Carole had been in the blast?

When- when my husband and my mother-in-law came back-

came in to tell me.

Oh, boy.

It was just-- It was awful.

It's the job of the artist

to have your subject comfortable.

And Gordon had that gift.

Freedom, freedom.

KAREEM ABDUL-JABBAR: Gordon's photography forms a foundation

for a visual narrative of Black Americans

seen through Black eyes.

If you look at it and date it,

you see the evolution of the Civil Rights Movement.

ANNOUNCER: I have the pleasure to present to you

-Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. -(CROWD CHEERS)

ABDUL-JABBAR: If you look at his photographs, it's a great chronological record

of what the 20th century was about for Black Americans.

Gordon made us visible to people in a way that

no other photographer could have done it.

He came from the community, and that was always obvious.

WALKER: The hold of White supremacy

on the Black psyche was profound.

And it was when we started

to see the images that lifted us up,

that made us feel that we were worthy,

that we began to really demand justice.

And so Gordon Parks was a warrior for justice.

♪ (TRIUMPHANT MUSIC PLAYING) ♪

Cassius Clay is your name no more, is that right?

Yes, sir, it's Muhammad Ali.

Muhammad means worthy of all praises,

and Ali means most high in the Asian-African language.

How long have you had the name?

Well, for about um- two weeks now.

Is there anybody special who gave you the name?

Yes, sir, my leader and teacher, the most honorable Elijah Muhammad.

BERGER: Muhammad Ali began as a reluctant assignment.

I mean, Parks wasn't quite sure who Muhammad Ali was,

his conversion to Islam.

The fact that he sort of transformed from

Cassius Clay into a much more radical political figure.

I just don't understand yet how I can be reclassified as 1-A

without testing me in no way,

just calling me like this, and I just don't understand it.

In other words, you think they called you

only because you're the heavyweight champion of--

And a Muslim too!

Ever since I've joined the Muslim religion,

I've been catching hell from here,

they've been trying to ail me, and trick me into this...

At the time that Muhammad Ali was opposing the Vietnamese War,

he was very controversial.

He really surprised people when he said that

he was taking a stand for himself and for all Americans

who did not support the war,

and that blew a lot of people's minds.

"Ain't no Vietcong ever called me nigger."

Wow.

That crystalized it for all Black Americans.

REPORTER 1: Are you gonna resume your boxing career?

REPORTER 2: Are you talking to us, champ?

No, I will not say nothing. It is all in here.

PARKS: When I met Muhammad Ali,

he was getting in trouble a lot with the press.

I then took it upon myself

to say, "Hey don't let the reporters rile you,

you know, be cooler about it."

(INDISTINCT CLAMOR)

When Parks began to speak with Ali

and follow him around,

the two of them realized they had a tremendous amount in common.

MUHAMMAD: In Gordon Parks's understanding

of Muhammad Ali, was the continuation

of being in the presence of a genius

whose art was just his hands and his attitude,

as compared to Langston Hughes,

or Richard Wright,

or Ralph Ellison.