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hey there i'm mike ragnetta this is
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crash course mythology and today we're
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going to talk about symbols dreams and a
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couple of very busty figurines it's the
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great mother goddess you excited tote
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yeah i know you don't have a mother you
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created yourself but come on she's the
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best unless of course she doesn't exist
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and if that's the case what do i do with
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all of these great goddess mother's day
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cards
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[Music]
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the mother goddess is an archetype
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psychology fans will know about
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archetypes from the work of carl jung
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who saw the repeated patterns in myths
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as emanations of what he dubbed
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humanity's collective unconscious
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meaning the symbols and ideas that all
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humans share simply as a result of being
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human archetypes can be used to explain
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why the same patterns emerge in
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different myths from different places
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throughout the world some of the
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archetypes that repeat all willy-nilly
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are the dying god the destroyer god the
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trickster and the primordial pairing of
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the sky and the earth hey sky dad hey
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earth mom the archetypes we'll be
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examining in the next few episodes are
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just those the father creator and the
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great mother ugh cosmic parents i mean i
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guess the upside is that if you have to
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move back in with them after graduation
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their basement is literally infinite
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downside being of course that it is also
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literally hades we're doing an episode
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on female divinity before archetypal
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male divinity because there are some
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theories that earth mom actually did
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come first as i've pointed out most
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human societies are patriarchal and have
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been for a long long time but certain
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historians sociologists archaeologists
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literary critics and mythologists have
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argued that in prehistoric times human
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societies were more matrifocal less
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violent and more cooperative the idea
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that human societies began as matrifocal
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and goddess-oriented goes back a long
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long way with scholars asserting that
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many if not most primitive societies
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featured a religion that was based
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around ideas of fertility and motherhood
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according to mythologists scott leonard
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and michael mcclure throughout the 19th
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and 20th centuries the literature of
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several disciplines took for granted the
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existence of primal mother or great
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goddess and further assumed that her
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religion and the societies based upon it
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were part of the primitive past from
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which man happily escaped through the
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logocentric power of intellect yeah
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that's right we reasoned ourselves right
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out of peace fertility and harmony good
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go in human mind a leading proponent of
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the great goddess theory was maria
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gimboutus who connected archaeology to
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the women's movement and who probably
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would have liked it a lot if you put the
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venus of villendorf on your sign at the
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women's march those involved with the
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goddess movement of which kimbutus was a
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leader saw in this mother-centric
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religion an appealing alternative to the
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brutality materialism spiritual
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bankruptcy and ecological
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short-sightedness of modern patriarchal
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social systems tell us what you really
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think the goddess movement is a very
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cool idea but it does have a couple
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problems for one it's based a lot on
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images like this one hey there she is
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again the venus of villendorf sort of
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makes you feel more fertile already but
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here's the thing the discovery of female
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figures like the venus of willendorf was
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taken as evidence of religious practices
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that focused on the fertility aspects of
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the female but there's no real proof
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that figurines like these were part of
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any worship or ritual at all maybe they
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were just sexy lawn ornaments there are
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problems with creating a picture of
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female-centric social organizations
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based on figures like this that
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signified fertility and magical desires
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for successful births also we've
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discovered lots of female figurines and
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not all of them have the
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attributes associated with fertility and
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not all of the figurines are female many
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of them are male a lot of them are even
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androgynous this lack of gender
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specificity points to what might be the
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biggest challenge to the goddess school
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it relies on modern gender binaries and
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stereotyping supporters of the goddess
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movement reversed the values of
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male-dominated victorian era science
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which saw women as primitive natural
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beings separate from and inferior to
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rational men
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never questioning whether our
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prehistoric forebears imposed the same
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male female polarities upon their world
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or held the same assumptions about the
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erotic and the symbolic as we do this is
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a good reminder that we always need to
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be aware of how we are imposing our own
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beliefs and values on history and
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pre-history and if i can impose my own
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values for a second yes victorian
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science is the worst so maybe you
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believe in a fertile peaceful
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paleolithic matriarchal world order that
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spawned great goddess myths around the
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world maybe you don't but there are
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stories of goddesses from everywhere at
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all times and they share some
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similarities one of the most common
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literary ideas is that of the triple
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goddess which robert graves wrote about
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in his book the white goddess an
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influential typology the triple goddess
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sorts goddesses into one of three types
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virgin mother and crone if you find this
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virgin mother crown thing troubling you
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are not alone it's a system that sees
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women through the eyes of men and
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basically categorizes them on whether
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they're sexy and since that is
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uncomfortable making we're going to look
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at the basic roles of goddesses in myths
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in the terms used by maria gambutas life
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death and regeneration goddesses of life
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are maternal often associated with the
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life-giving earth the greek gaia is a
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prime example although there aren't a
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lot of myths about her specifically
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she's often supplanted by demeter
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sometimes these life-giving goddesses
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are associated with primeval creation
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like tiamat in the sumerian creation
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stories or si pactly the great goddess
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of mexico who swam through the
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primordial waters of chaos in the form
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of an enormous crocodile which seems
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like a pretty sweet way to travel
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life-giving goddesses are occasionally
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seen as protectors as well as nurturers
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an example is the persian goddess
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anahita who was sometimes depicted in
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armor sometimes as a nurturing mother
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and who was said to have power over the
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water in dry as heck with two hockey
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sticks persia water mom brings forth and
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preserves life and as moms often do also
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probably reminds you to shower goddesses
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of death are often seen as queens of the
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underworld like persephone whom we've
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met and isis who was able to resurrect
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her husband osiris in these roles great
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goddesses control the cycles of growth
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decay and rebirth
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the seasons one of the goddesses we met
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in an earlier episode itsunami died and
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went to the underworld after giving
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birth to fire her husband isanagi went
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to look for her but finding her as a
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rotting corpse was terrified so he ran
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away i mean can you blame him izanami
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considered this a divorce which also
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seems reasonable and so she returned to
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the underworld on occasion goddesses
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associated with death are portrayed as
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witches or seers often appearing as wise
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old women like the greek witch hecate
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who is sometimes said to have three
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heads a snakes a horses and a dogs
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making her a one goddess petting zoo
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death goddesses are also often
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associated with fate apportioning a
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person's life ordaining health disease
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prosperity and suffering the greek
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moirai and the norse norns were
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goddesses of this type and finally
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goddesses of regeneration often relate
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to sexuality in myths appearing as
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virgins or nymphs sometimes they're also
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responsible for creativity according to
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leonard and mcclure their pulsing sexual
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energies impel mortal creation to renew
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itself and thus their influence redeems
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individual mortality through beauty
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passion and offspring pulsing sexual
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energy
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is it getting hot in here is it just
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these mother goddesses one other
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interesting thing about goddesses of
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regeneration they seem to have a
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tendency to bestow their favors on
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mortal men and that just does not seem
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to work out for example we're going to
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go somewhere we haven't visited yet
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ireland take us there thoughtbubble one
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irish regeneration goddess is neve of
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the golden hair whose name means beauty
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neve was the daughter of the sea and tyr
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nanoog the land of the blessed one day
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neve stole the poet ashen away from his
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people and brought him to tiranganog
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where they lived together as lovers for
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what turned out to be a very long time
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while he was with her ashin remained
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young and virile and chanted as he was
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ashan forgot about his people who
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continued to age and to die as mortals
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tend to do he stayed at tiernanog for
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centuries and really it's tough to blame
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him but ashin became homesick eventually
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neve grew tired of his complaining so
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she sent him home on a magical horse
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with a warning not to dismount but as
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soon as the magical steed touched human
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soil the saddle buckle broke and ocean
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fell to the ground in an instant all of
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the centuries that ocean had spent on
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the isle of the blessed caught up with
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him and he grew old
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and died strangely there's an almost
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identical story from japan in this one
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the sea goddess atohime falls in love
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with a mortal fisherman and takes him to
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her palace under the sea after a few
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days of romance the fisherman starts to
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worry about the people he left at home
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he begs atohime to let him return and
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she agrees but only if he promises to
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carry a tiny box to the surface
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and never open it so you see where this
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is going hundreds of years had passed
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not just a few days and guess what
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he opens the box all of the years that
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had passed surround him like a mist and
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his body withers into dust thanks for
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that thought bubble that was uplifting
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so great mother goddesses can create the
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world and grant you fertility and peace
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and equality and all that other good
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stuff
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or they can steal you away from your
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home ravish you for a couple centuries
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and then turn your body into dust that's
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part of what makes great goddesses so
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powerful no matter what form they take
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they're usually multifaceted unlike some
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gods i could name zeus great goddesses
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are almost always complex and
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contradictory which is the way we like
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it here at crash course i'm definitely
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sending that mother's day card now
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thanks for watching we'll see you next
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time
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check out our crash course mythology
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tote tote bag and poster available now
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at dftba.com crash course mythology is
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filmed in the chad and stacy emigos
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studio in indianapolis indiana and is
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produced with the help of all of these
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very nice people our animation team is
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thought cafe crash course exists thanks
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to the generous support of our patrons
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at patreon patreon is a voluntary
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subscription service where you can
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support the content you love through a
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monthly donation and help keep crash
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course free for everyone
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forever crash course is made with adobe
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creative cloud check the description for
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a link to a free trial thanks for
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watching and if we've learned anything
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today it's that those old mythic words
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ring true don't look in the box chicago
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