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hey there I'm Mike Rugnetta this is
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crash course mythology and today we're
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gonna put on our mythical coats grab our
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mythical hats hop on a mythical mode of
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public transportation and get ourselves
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into the hustle and bustle of mythical
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cities some of these cities are real
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some are fictional and some are even
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metaphorical but all of them are
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Metropolitan come on tote the Bifrost
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bus only runs once an hour
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[Music]
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city myths can be tricky they're not
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like other mythical places we've looked
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at like Gardens caves or mountains
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because they don't belong to the natural
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world they're man-made or sometimes God
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made and this means that the stories we
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tell about them can be a little
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different a lot of the stories we have
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about cities are closer to tall tales
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which are fun but they don't really meet
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our criteria for myth mostly because
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they're well a little unserious a good
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example of a tall tale city is El Dorado
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the City of Gold said to exist somewhere
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in South America that really tended to
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be more of a metaphor for some ultimate
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prize that one may search for endlessly
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but likely never actually attain and
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some urban tales are almost too serious
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there are places that really existed
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with archaeological evidence and
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complicated histories that transcend the
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stories we tell about them probably the
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best known of these is Troy whose siege
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is described in the Iliad the
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archaeological history of Troy is
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fascinating but I want to leave that for
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crash course archaeology just kidding
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there's no crash course archaeology or
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maybe we just haven't discovered it yet
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another significant archaeological city
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that has a mythical story attached to it
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is Jericho Jericho is one of the oldest
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cities in human history but is probably
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best known for the story of its
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destruction at the hands of Joshua in
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the Old Testament according to the story
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the Lord tells Joshua to march around
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the city walls for six days with seven
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priests blowing ram's horns as they
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carry the Ark of the Covenant chest that
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contains the Ten Commandments on the
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seventh day following the Lord's
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instructions Joshua has the army march
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around the city seven times and on the
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Seventh Circuit he has the trumpets
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sound and the army shout it's war cry
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according to the Book of Joshua chapter
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6 verse 20 when the trumpets sounded the
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army shouted and at the sound of the
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trumpet when the men gave a loud shout
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the wall collapsed so everyone charged
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straight in and they took the city it's
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a great story but archeologists are
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still arguing over whether or not a
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walled city even existed at the time of
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Joshua
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even if it did exist trumpets probably
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didn't bring it down looking at things
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at tea illogically as we sometimes do is
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fun but it isn't always possible to
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reconcile myths and historical remains
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this is especially true of living cities
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which have to go about their business
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while also existing as a repository of
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stories about them let's start with a
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holy site mentioned in the Bible but
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still standing today a holy site common
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to all three Abrahamic religions
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Jerusalem it might be an understatement
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to say that Jerusalem has been the
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subject of many stories and the imagery
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used to describe at Jerusalem it changes
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dramatically depending upon who's doing
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the describing and when sometimes the
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city is beautiful sometimes ugly
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sometimes Jerusalem is personified as a
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not especially reputable mythic woman
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this is particularly true during the
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Babylonian captivity a time in the sixth
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century BCE when the babylonian emperor
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nebuchadnezzar kept sacking jerusalem
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and sending Jews into exile this all led
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to some complicated feelings about
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Jerusalem the lamentations of Jeremiah
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begin how doth the city sit solitary
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that was full of people
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she is become as a widow that was great
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among the nations she that was a
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princess among the provinces is become
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tributary okay a tributary not so bad
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but then it starts to get unpleasant
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Jeremiah continues Jerusalem hath
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grievously sinned therefore she is
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become as an unclean thing all that
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honored her despised her because they
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have seen her nakedness yay
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she saya 'the and turneth backwards her
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filthiness was in her skirts she
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remembered not her letter end therefore
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is she come down wonderfully she hath no
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comforter yeah I mean Jeremiah's
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ambivalences maybe understandable it's
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hard to see your sacred city conquered
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and destroyed though as for Jeremiah
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comparing the city to allude an unclean
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woman it's not the only time the Bible
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deploys the female image unfairly but
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maybe
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we can read it as a lamentation for a
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city that was supposed to nurture him
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but is now taunting him and other Jews
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by harboring their conquerors the Jews
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eventually go back and rebuild Jerusalem
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so hopefully some of these feelings
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abate in the New Testament Jerusalem is
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described as a woman again but this
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woman is more well clean in the book of
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Revelation John invents an idealized
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Jerusalem a New Jerusalem intended as a
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new spiritual home in chapter 12 he says
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and I saw the holy city the New
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Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from
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God prepared as a bride adorned for her
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husband so which is it bride or harlot
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covered in filth both some cities in the
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Bible are often classed as places of sin
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Sodom and Gomorrah being the most
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obvious example but let's not forget
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cities also provide opportunities for
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humankind to unite for the early
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Christians the ideal city wasn't
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Jerusalem but Rome we haven't talked a
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great deal about Roman mythology in this
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series largely because it draws heavily
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on Greek sources but Romans did create
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their own mythological history
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particularly for their city we're gonna
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look at two important myths surrounding
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the founding of Rome involving you might
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be shocked to learn families and
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violence one story of the foundation of
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Rome comes from Virgil's epic poem the
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Aeneid this is the story of the Trojan
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hero Aeneas who escapes the sack of Troy
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with his aged father his young son and
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statues of his household gods eventually
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he makes his way to Italy where he and
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his group of Trojans settle there Aeneas
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marries Lavinia the daughter of the king
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of Latium and Kai sees Aeneas his dad
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dies during the journey but in book six
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of the Aeneid Aeneas goes to the
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underworld and his father explains to
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him the future history of Rome and Kai
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sees mentions a future descendant called
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Romulus of him my son great
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Rome shall rise and favored of his star
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have power worldwide and men of godlike
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mind she clasps her seven hills in
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single-wall proud
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mother of the brave that's right it's
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not Aeneas who founds Rome it's his son
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who settles at Alba longa and a later
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descendant Romulus who builds the city
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of Seven Hills but hold the mythical
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phone for just a moment who is this
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Romulus the story of Romulus and his
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twin brother Remus begins in Alba longa
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where a woman named Rhea Silvia lives
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unfortunately for Rhea Mars the God of
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War is obsessed with her and after
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cornering her in a sacred grove he
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seduces her which I mean let's be real
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probably he rapes her now pregnant Rhea
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goes to her uncle King Amulius for help
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but emelius is furious instead of
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helping his niece he imprisons her when
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she finally gives birth he orders her
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twin sons to be left to die on the bank
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of the Tiber River abandoned the twins
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are suckled by a gentle she-wolf until
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they're found by a shepherd named Faust
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ulis who raises them probably because of
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their early troubled life but also
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because they were sort of raised by a
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wolf the boys turn to crime eventually
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stealing some of Amelia's sheep
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Remus is captured and taken before
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Amulius for trial at this point Faust
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ulis reveals to Romulus the brothers
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true identities Romulus in good criminal
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hero fashion sets off for alba longa to
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get revenge on his great-uncle the king
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Romulus kills Amulius and rescues Remus
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he gives the vacant throne to Amulius
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his grandfather Numa tor and then the
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twins go off to found their own City
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brings us to the thought-bubble Romulus
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and Remus decide where they were
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abandoned on the banks of the Tiber
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would be a great place for a new city
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but they can't agree on the exact
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location
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Romulus receives a sign from the gods
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telling him to choose the palantine hill
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as the
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site so he sets out to mark the
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boundaries by digging a ditch Remus
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sets up camp opposite him on the
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Aventine hill
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Remus the more headstrong of the two
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brothers jumps over the ditch to show
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Romulus it's not exactly invasion proof
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Romulus seeing this as sacrilege kills
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his brother and becomes the sole ruler
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of the new city that's why it's called
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Rome and not Reid I think we're all
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thankful for that imagine being a
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riemann instead of a Roman bull so
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Romulus has a spot for his city and no
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rival twin but he still has one big
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problem not enough people so he puts out
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the word that the hill will be a refuge
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for the criminals and Runaways of Italy
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and that's exactly who shows up Roman
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historian Livy calls them a
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miscellaneous rabble without distinction
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of bond or free but that rabble is
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almost entirely male and in order to
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populate the city Romulus and the city
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leaders invite visitors from neighboring
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cities to celebrate a harvest festival
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with them after the visitors arrive at a
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pre-arranged signal the Romans seize all
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the young women and to grow the Roman
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population through mass rape thanks
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thought-bubble these stories like the
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ones in the Bible remind us how easily
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myths can gloss over sometimes even
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glamorize terribly violent actions the
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founding and conquering and defending of
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cities can get really ugly some myths
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reflect this other choose to pretty up
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their origin stories with magic and
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stuff the story of Rome's founding
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highlights some of the complexity to be
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found in mythical cities many cities
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have origin stories some more
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historically grounded than others when
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we're dealing with actual cities that
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have archaeological and written
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histories we often find that the myths
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surrounding the city jibe with that
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history Jericho was besieged and
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conquered at some point though it's
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unlikely trumpet blasts were responsible
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Rome was built on the Palantine and
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became the seat of one of the most
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expansive empires in the world one
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empire that relied on
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and violence characteristics that we
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might easily ascribe to its Pro Wolf Pro
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rape Pro conquest brother murderer of a
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founder cities are ambivalent morally
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ambiguous places kind of like everywhere
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else people live and with that we've
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reached the border of our final mythical
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place next episode we move on to the
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first examination of mythical beasts
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thanks for watching and I'll see you
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next time check out our crash course
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mythology tote tote bag and poster
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available now at dftba.com crash course
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mythology is filmed in the chad and
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stacey emigholz studio in indianapolis
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is produced with help of all of these
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very nice people our animation team is
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Kappa crash course exists thanks
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to the generous support file patrons at
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patreon patreon is a voluntary
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subscription service where you can
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support the content love through a
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00:12:04,750 --> 00:12:09,880
monthly donation and help keep crash
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course free for everyone forever crash
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course is made with Adobe Creative Cloud
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check the description for a link to a
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free trial thanks for watching and
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typical cities are built on mythical
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rock and roll or still just regular rock
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and roll
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