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I thought I was making
a documentary
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00:01:20,038 --> 00:01:23,250
on a tiger in the wild.
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But on May 8th, 2015,
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the tiger I was following
killed a man.
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And my documentary became
about something bigger.
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He's India's best known,
most famous,
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or should I say infamous, tiger.
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His name is Ustad, T-24.
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The man that was killed
was Rampal Saini,
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a forest guard.
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00:01:53,780 --> 00:01:57,492
He is survived by his wife,
Dholi Bai,
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00:01:57,492 --> 00:02:01,079
and his son, Mohan,
who was 17 years old
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00:02:01,079 --> 00:02:03,081
on the date of the attack.
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00:02:14,217 --> 00:02:15,594
The definition of
a man eater
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00:02:15,594 --> 00:02:17,888
is a tiger that kills
and eats people.
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00:02:17,888 --> 00:02:21,099
T-24 killed and ate two people.
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00:02:21,099 --> 00:02:24,728
The forest guards were scared
of doing any patrolling anymore,
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00:02:24,728 --> 00:02:27,481
and specially in T-- T-24,
Ustad's territory
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they absolutely refused to do
any foot patrolling.
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This animal must be picked up
and taken out,
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00:02:32,652 --> 00:02:34,237
and he will always
be a problem
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because he now has
a memory implant
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that this is food.
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He was the pride
of Ranthambore,
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00:02:45,540 --> 00:02:48,543
but now is the biggest villain
of the national park.
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We're talking about Ustad,
or T-24,
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who was abruptly relocated
a few days ago
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00:02:54,257 --> 00:02:56,343
to a biological park
in Udaipur,
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00:02:56,343 --> 00:02:59,471
allegedly because he had turned
into a man killer.
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Accused of killing four humans
in the last five years,
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00:03:02,224 --> 00:03:03,934
Ustad is now forced to live
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00:03:03,934 --> 00:03:07,312
in a small enclosure,
miles away from home.
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00:03:44,766 --> 00:03:46,560
When this
thing started,
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00:03:46,560 --> 00:03:48,520
I had no idea what I was doing.
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00:03:48,520 --> 00:03:50,897
So we're in Ranthambore,
Rajasthan.
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00:03:50,897 --> 00:03:52,607
It's May, um...
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00:03:52,607 --> 00:03:55,026
What is it? May 23rd, 2012?
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It's, um, it's hot.
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00:03:57,195 --> 00:03:59,990
It's about 45 degree Celsius,
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00:03:59,990 --> 00:04:03,368
which I-- I think
is 110 Fahrenheit, I'm sure.
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00:04:04,828 --> 00:04:08,206
I was told to follow
a tigress with cubs
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00:04:08,206 --> 00:04:11,418
because those make for
the best tiger documentaries.
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00:04:12,878 --> 00:04:17,716
But then I saw
this young male, T-24.
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Locally, he was known as Ustad,
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which means... the Master.
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How was I not gonna follow him?
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He turned out to be the
dominant male of Ranthambore,
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00:04:37,611 --> 00:04:42,616
a 109-square-mile national park
in northwest India.
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00:04:45,118 --> 00:04:49,789
For the most part,
Ranthambore is Tiger paradise,
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00:04:49,789 --> 00:04:53,627
with its large water bodies,
ample prey,
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00:04:53,627 --> 00:04:58,632
and plenty of camouflage
in dry deciduous forest.
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00:05:02,928 --> 00:05:07,057
A former hunting ground
for the Maharajas of Jaipur,
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today, wild tigers
are protected here.
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00:05:10,727 --> 00:05:14,064
In fact, you can see them
walking amongst the very relics
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from which
they were once hunted.
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Twenty percent of the habitat
is open for tourism.
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Here, tigers are maniacally
pursued and celebrated.
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Tiger tourism is big business
in Ranthambore,
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earning millions
for hotel owners
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and the Forest Department,
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income which is put back
into conservation.
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T-24's territory
was nearly 20 square miles.
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It stretched all the way
towards the main road
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from where pilgrims
and tourists enter the park
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00:05:56,356 --> 00:06:00,026
and towards a village
called the Old City.
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00:06:01,778 --> 00:06:05,657
I'd heard
that he'd killed people.
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00:06:05,657 --> 00:06:09,369
But at the time,
I chose to ignore the attacks.
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I just wanted to follow him
in the wild.
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He was kind of a super tiger,
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handsome, powerful...
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and he had a cool beard.
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He weighed nearly 600 pounds,
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huge, even for a Bengal tiger.
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He also had a family.
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This is Noor,
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T-24's one and only
mating partner.
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And you can see why.
She's pretty hot.
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This is Sultan,
Noor's son through T-24.
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He's pretty big, too,
for a one-year-old.
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December 2013
was my first winter with T-24.
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He seemed relaxed.
Only the flies bothered him.
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But later he became annoyed
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by the presence
of another tiger
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who turned out to be Sultan,
now almost fully grown.
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While Sultan is still allowed
in his father's territory,
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coming close could be
interpreted as a challenge.
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I think it was about the time
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Sultan urinated himself
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that he realized
he was in over his head
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and his only choice
was to submit to his father.
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T-24 was entirely capable
of killing his son,
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but chose to spare him.
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Pilgrims are allowed to walk
through T-24's territory
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on certain days
to visit the Ganesh Temple.
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Forest guards are on
full alert on these days.
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This is not one of those days.
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Basically, we've got,
we've got kids
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walk-- walking literally
into the reserve
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because it, there's a back road
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that connects
to the-- the temple.
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There's a big bunch
of commotion right now. Um...
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You know, this is,
this is T-24's territory,
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00:11:05,123 --> 00:11:07,125
and he's gonna end up
killing someone
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00:11:07,125 --> 00:11:09,794
and, you know,
the tiger will be blamed.
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In June 2014,
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Noor was spotted
with her second litter.
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T-24 was a father again.
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Locals named the two male cubs
Gora and Kalua.
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The cubs are now a year old.
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They've grown rapidly
now that they're off milk
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and eating meat, which both
parents provided plenty of.
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Noor would acquire prey
traditionally,
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patiently stalking,
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00:13:00,488 --> 00:13:04,909
ready to explode into
the immense effort required
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00:13:04,909 --> 00:13:08,913
in taking down
family-sized prey.
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00:13:17,130 --> 00:13:19,841
While T-24 would just show up
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00:13:19,841 --> 00:13:21,634
like an undefeated brawler,
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00:13:21,634 --> 00:13:24,804
usurping kills
from other predators.
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T-24 is right behind me.
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00:13:29,267 --> 00:13:33,104
Behind him is a somber kill,
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00:13:33,104 --> 00:13:35,314
which is a-- a large deer,
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and, um, it wasn't his kill.
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00:13:37,817 --> 00:13:40,028
He stole it from a-- a leopard.
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The leopard killed it ahead.
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00:13:41,571 --> 00:13:43,990
He's dragged the kill
behind to this tree,
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00:13:43,990 --> 00:13:45,742
which is more secure for him.
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Although the leopard
retreated and stayed retreated,
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00:13:54,667 --> 00:13:58,379
T-24 kept watch
over the kill all day
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and into the night
without eating it.
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It was only in the morning
that I realized
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00:14:08,306 --> 00:14:10,975
he was saving meat
for his family.
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00:14:38,544 --> 00:14:43,841
In spite of his generosity,
when T-24 wanted to eat,
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00:14:43,841 --> 00:14:46,552
he wanted his space.
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00:14:46,552 --> 00:14:52,350
If he seems like an abusive
father right now, think again.
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00:14:52,350 --> 00:14:56,562
However vicious he appears,
it was not a real threat
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00:14:56,562 --> 00:14:59,899
because he tolerated
all kinds of mischief,
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00:14:59,899 --> 00:15:02,193
like being swiped
in the face...
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00:15:03,236 --> 00:15:06,197
being forced to play...
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00:15:06,197 --> 00:15:09,992
and being woken
from an afternoon snooze.
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The Shiva Temple is located
within T-24's territory.
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00:15:38,229 --> 00:15:41,774
Today is Lord Shiva's birthday.
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Hundreds of pilgrims will walk
through T-24's territory
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to visit the temple.
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00:16:00,918 --> 00:16:02,712
Just one mile away,
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00:16:02,712 --> 00:16:06,716
Noor has killed a bull
on the path to the Shiva Temple
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and is sharing it
with her son Kalua.
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00:16:09,135 --> 00:16:13,306
This bull must have crossed
over from the grazing area.
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00:16:13,306 --> 00:16:15,725
The Forest Department
anticipates
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00:16:15,725 --> 00:16:20,188
that T-24 will join in
the feasting soon.
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This is problematic
given T-24's history
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and the incoming pilgrims.
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00:16:26,277 --> 00:16:27,945
To protect the pilgrims,
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00:16:27,945 --> 00:16:31,616
the Forest Department
decides to intervene.
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00:16:31,616 --> 00:16:34,327
When Noor and the cub
step away,
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00:16:34,327 --> 00:16:37,496
the forest guards
seize their opportunity.
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00:16:50,551 --> 00:16:54,847
The kill is moved
deeper into the core.
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00:16:54,847 --> 00:16:56,682
As invasive as this is,
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00:16:56,682 --> 00:16:59,185
the Forest Department
made a call
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00:16:59,185 --> 00:17:00,811
in the interest of preventing
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00:17:00,811 --> 00:17:04,190
potentially fatal
man-animal conflict.
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00:17:08,819 --> 00:17:11,530
Pilgrims were able to visit
the Shiva Temple
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without incident
throughout the day.
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[chanting in
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00:17:44,730 --> 00:17:48,234
Later in the afternoon,
Noor comes searching
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00:17:48,234 --> 00:17:52,196
for her bull kill
with her hungry cubs.
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00:17:52,196 --> 00:17:53,739
Losing a large kill
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00:17:53,739 --> 00:17:56,742
is a serious problem
for a tiger family.
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00:18:27,398 --> 00:18:30,484
When she locates the bull,
she's suspicious.
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00:18:30,484 --> 00:18:34,196
It's obvious, her kill has been
tampered with.
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00:18:37,033 --> 00:18:41,412
There will be no eating until
she assesses the situation
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00:18:41,412 --> 00:18:44,707
and hides her kill
from further interference.
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00:18:50,629 --> 00:18:54,842
The next morning,
T-24 locates the bull kill.
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00:18:56,302 --> 00:18:59,805
It was February 18th, 2015,
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00:18:59,805 --> 00:19:04,143
the last day I would see
T-24 in the wild.
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00:19:06,645 --> 00:19:09,440
Three months later,
he was removed
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00:19:09,440 --> 00:19:11,901
for the killing
of Rampal Saini,
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00:19:11,901 --> 00:19:14,320
which, according to
the Forest Department,
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00:19:14,320 --> 00:19:17,782
was T-24's fourth human kill.
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00:19:18,908 --> 00:19:22,453
My documentary
had become bigger
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00:19:22,453 --> 00:19:25,289
than just me and T-24.
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00:19:25,289 --> 00:19:29,418
Now the whole country
was involved.
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00:20:02,034 --> 00:20:05,871
This protest is to get T-24,
the tiger from Ranthambore,
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00:20:05,871 --> 00:20:08,582
popularly called Ustad, to get
him released from the zoo.
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00:20:08,582 --> 00:20:10,501
He has been taken out
of his natural habitat
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00:20:10,501 --> 00:20:12,670
and put in a zoo,
so we're talking about a tiger
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00:20:12,670 --> 00:20:15,673
who is used to 30, 40
square kilometers of area
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00:20:15,673 --> 00:20:18,134
now living in half-hectare
enclosure.
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00:20:18,134 --> 00:20:20,511
So you can imagine the life
that he's living today.
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00:20:20,511 --> 00:20:23,013
What would you do
if you were in your home
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00:20:23,013 --> 00:20:26,809
and somebody enters your home
and catches you by surprise?
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00:20:26,809 --> 00:20:29,103
If somebody comes to my house
and I kill him,
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00:20:29,103 --> 00:20:30,563
it's self-defense.
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00:20:30,563 --> 00:20:32,440
Our voice is falling
on deaf ears.
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00:20:32,440 --> 00:20:35,234
I'm sorry the forest officials
are thick-skinned,
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00:20:35,234 --> 00:20:37,153
corrupt, and inept.
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00:20:37,153 --> 00:20:39,530
The tiger is
our national animal.
199
00:20:39,530 --> 00:20:41,407
We should be protecting it,
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00:20:41,407 --> 00:20:44,785
not threatening it,
not endangering it.
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00:20:44,785 --> 00:20:49,248
Please stop making man eaters
of our tigers.
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00:20:58,924 --> 00:21:03,179
In the early 1900s,
over 40,000 tigers
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00:21:03,179 --> 00:21:07,558
thrived in India's diverse
and pervasive forests.
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00:21:07,558 --> 00:21:11,645
By the late 1960s,
habitat destruction
205
00:21:11,645 --> 00:21:15,649
and the so-called
royal sport of hunting
206
00:21:15,649 --> 00:21:19,403
reduced tigers
to less than 2000
207
00:21:19,403 --> 00:21:21,697
hiding in fragmented remnants
208
00:21:21,697 --> 00:21:25,451
of a once sweeping
tiger habitat.
209
00:22:01,237 --> 00:22:02,988
A record kill.
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00:22:02,988 --> 00:22:05,991
Ten feet, two inches
of stilled fury
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00:22:05,991 --> 00:22:08,327
and now a great trophy.
212
00:22:08,327 --> 00:22:09,703
Nowhere else in the world
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00:22:09,703 --> 00:22:11,455
could this hunt
have taken place
214
00:22:11,455 --> 00:22:13,999
and at so small a cost.
215
00:22:13,999 --> 00:22:16,710
Yes, nowhere but India
can the big-game hunter
216
00:22:16,710 --> 00:22:18,921
get so much for his money.
217
00:22:32,268 --> 00:22:37,147
In 1972, the government
of India outlawed hunting.
218
00:22:37,147 --> 00:22:40,109
A year later,
India's prime minister,
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00:22:40,109 --> 00:22:44,738
Indira Gandhi,
launched Project Tiger,
220
00:22:44,738 --> 00:22:48,867
legally protecting the little
remaining tiger habitat
221
00:22:48,867 --> 00:22:53,122
through the creation
of tiger reserves.
222
00:22:53,122 --> 00:22:56,875
Forest guards were hired
to patrol these tiger reserves,
223
00:22:56,875 --> 00:23:01,005
and whole villages were moved
outside the reserve perimeter.
224
00:23:02,298 --> 00:23:05,593
The National Tiger
Conservation Authority,
225
00:23:05,593 --> 00:23:09,722
or NTCA,
is a central government body
226
00:23:09,722 --> 00:23:13,559
that supports Project Tiger
with legal backing.
227
00:23:15,060 --> 00:23:19,064
Ranthambore is one
of fifty tiger reserves.
228
00:23:19,064 --> 00:23:22,026
All these
tiger reserves combined
229
00:23:22,026 --> 00:23:27,239
represent less than 2%
of the landmass of India.
230
00:23:27,239 --> 00:23:30,993
According to the NTCA,
the tiger reserves
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00:23:30,993 --> 00:23:34,413
are to be made up
of a core and a buffer.
232
00:23:35,956 --> 00:23:40,169
The core is supposed to be
exclusively for tigers,
233
00:23:40,169 --> 00:23:43,672
where their well-being
is the priority.
234
00:23:45,758 --> 00:23:50,012
It gives tigers a place
in the world,
235
00:23:50,012 --> 00:23:54,224
a sacred place
that they can call their own.
236
00:23:59,271 --> 00:24:02,858
The buffer is supposed
to separate the core
237
00:24:02,858 --> 00:24:04,485
from the village.
238
00:24:04,485 --> 00:24:08,238
Here, villagers are allowed
to bring in cattle for grazing
239
00:24:08,238 --> 00:24:10,240
and pick firewood.
240
00:24:10,240 --> 00:24:11,867
With Ranthambore--
Ranthambore Tiger Reserve,
241
00:24:11,867 --> 00:24:14,119
when it was selected in 1974,
242
00:24:14,119 --> 00:24:17,498
it was the smallest of all
the tiger reserves selected,
243
00:24:17,498 --> 00:24:18,749
and it has no buffer.
244
00:24:18,749 --> 00:24:20,292
It's like a little island
245
00:24:20,292 --> 00:24:24,546
in the middle of a very busy
human population.
246
00:24:27,091 --> 00:24:29,802
No buffer means
human activity
247
00:24:29,802 --> 00:24:32,805
borders the tigers' home.
248
00:24:32,805 --> 00:24:35,974
If you look at this
grazing area, for example,
249
00:24:35,974 --> 00:24:38,811
it's only separated
by the main road.
250
00:24:38,811 --> 00:24:41,814
And this is the road
where all the tourists go in,
251
00:24:41,814 --> 00:24:44,817
where filmmakers like myself
go in to film tigers
252
00:24:44,817 --> 00:24:47,236
inside the national park.
253
00:24:47,236 --> 00:24:48,821
Here's some more cattle
254
00:24:48,821 --> 00:24:51,657
walking to
another grazing area.
255
00:24:51,657 --> 00:24:53,951
And then, there's this wall.
256
00:24:53,951 --> 00:24:57,871
And behind this wall
is core area.
257
00:24:57,871 --> 00:25:00,791
And this is the reality
of Ranthambore.
258
00:25:00,791 --> 00:25:03,335
There is no buffer.
259
00:25:03,335 --> 00:25:05,963
And when cattle stray in
from the gate,
260
00:25:05,963 --> 00:25:08,298
they do get killed by tigers,
261
00:25:08,298 --> 00:25:10,342
which is upsetting
to the villagers
262
00:25:10,342 --> 00:25:13,679
who generate their livelihood
from cattle.
263
00:25:16,348 --> 00:25:20,352
The core itself is compromised
in certain areas.
264
00:25:20,352 --> 00:25:24,022
As we have seen,
Ranthambore allows villagers
265
00:25:24,022 --> 00:25:27,526
to enter the core
for religious purposes.
266
00:25:31,405 --> 00:25:34,032
T-24's particular territory
267
00:25:34,032 --> 00:25:38,203
had the highest visitation
of pilgrims.
268
00:25:38,203 --> 00:25:41,707
Rampal Saini was killed
in the core area.
269
00:25:41,707 --> 00:25:45,836
But he had a right to be there
because he was a forest guard.
270
00:25:45,836 --> 00:25:48,213
You don't wanna be
off-roading in the forest
271
00:25:48,213 --> 00:25:50,591
because you will
either damage the forest,
272
00:25:50,591 --> 00:25:52,760
or your jeep, or both.
273
00:25:52,760 --> 00:25:54,386
So jeeps stay on the road
274
00:25:54,386 --> 00:25:57,389
while forest guards
have to do their job on foot
275
00:25:57,389 --> 00:26:01,518
in order to find poachers
and to properly ID tigers
276
00:26:01,518 --> 00:26:06,732
as T-24, T-39,
T-72, etcetera.
277
00:26:08,233 --> 00:26:11,570
We don't want a man eater
out there on the loose, right?
278
00:26:11,570 --> 00:26:14,364
So it was very important
to ID the tiger,
279
00:26:14,364 --> 00:26:16,575
which has not been done.
280
00:26:16,575 --> 00:26:21,538
Nobody saw him clearly
when the incident happened,
281
00:26:21,538 --> 00:26:25,125
and in the melee, all they
could say was it was a tiger.
282
00:26:25,125 --> 00:26:27,753
Whether it was Sultan,
whether it was Ustad,
283
00:26:27,753 --> 00:26:29,963
or Star Male,
who used to frequent
284
00:26:29,963 --> 00:26:33,342
that area occasionally,
there was no positive ID made.
285
00:26:33,342 --> 00:26:35,552
The area where Rampal Saini
was killed
286
00:26:35,552 --> 00:26:38,096
was definitely
in T-24's territory.
287
00:26:38,096 --> 00:26:39,765
Star Male never came there.
288
00:26:39,765 --> 00:26:41,391
Star Male used to come
to another place,
289
00:26:41,391 --> 00:26:43,727
but a kilometer away
from where Rampal was killed.
290
00:26:43,727 --> 00:26:45,813
There probably 5% chance
whether it could be Star Male,
291
00:26:45,813 --> 00:26:48,941
95% chance
that it had to be T-24.
292
00:26:53,445 --> 00:26:58,367
T-24's oldest son
Sultan, was the prime suspect
293
00:26:58,367 --> 00:27:01,745
in the immediate confusion
after the attack
294
00:27:01,745 --> 00:27:04,581
and was labeled as
the killer tiger
295
00:27:04,581 --> 00:27:06,625
in the first news reports.
296
00:27:06,625 --> 00:27:08,293
I also heard
that it wasn't T-24.
297
00:27:08,293 --> 00:27:10,921
Sultan was spotted
by a few tourist vehicles
298
00:27:10,921 --> 00:27:13,423
who have seen and identified
Sultan there before.
299
00:27:13,423 --> 00:27:16,552
And since Ustad and Sultan
were seen together,
300
00:27:16,552 --> 00:27:18,470
they were, they were in
the same territory that time,
301
00:27:18,470 --> 00:27:21,306
I have... The week before that
when I was in Ranthambore,
302
00:27:21,306 --> 00:27:23,475
I've shot
both of them together.
303
00:27:23,475 --> 00:27:26,228
Since Sultan and Ustad
were both seen together,
304
00:27:26,228 --> 00:27:29,064
and if Sultan actually did
the killing and not Ustad,
305
00:27:29,064 --> 00:27:30,566
and Ustad, since he was nearby,
306
00:27:30,566 --> 00:27:32,818
he came, he's an animal,
he sniffed blood.
307
00:27:32,818 --> 00:27:34,486
And he just happened to be
308
00:27:34,486 --> 00:27:36,822
at the wrong place
at the wrong time.
309
00:28:12,357 --> 00:28:14,860
If we get attacked,
just keep rolling, okay?
310
00:28:18,864 --> 00:28:20,866
This is the exact spot
where Rampal was killed.
311
00:28:20,866 --> 00:28:22,534
And that's the--
that's the road to the fort.
312
00:28:22,534 --> 00:28:24,369
That's the road? Okay.
313
00:28:24,369 --> 00:28:26,997
Whenever a tiger
comes along this main road
314
00:28:26,997 --> 00:28:29,333
the guards
are deployed right away
315
00:28:29,333 --> 00:28:31,793
because a lot of people
walk on this road.
316
00:31:27,219 --> 00:31:29,054
We got one forest canter to park
317
00:31:29,054 --> 00:31:31,848
about 100, 200 meters
down the road here.
318
00:31:31,848 --> 00:31:33,725
Another forest jeep
to park about
319
00:31:33,725 --> 00:31:35,352
200 meters down the road here.
320
00:31:35,352 --> 00:31:37,020
- The other side, okay. Okay.
- Yeah, the other side.
321
00:31:37,020 --> 00:31:40,107
They were parked in such a way
that they could see each other.
322
00:31:40,107 --> 00:31:42,192
And then, the fourth forest jeep
parked there.
323
00:31:42,192 --> 00:31:44,361
The idea was that we park these
four jeeps in such a way
324
00:31:44,361 --> 00:31:47,072
that if a tiger
is still within this area
325
00:31:47,072 --> 00:31:48,490
and he moves,
we'll surely see him.
326
00:31:48,490 --> 00:31:51,827
We reached here, uh,
very close to, uh,
327
00:31:51,827 --> 00:31:54,079
very close to the spot,
the moment we reached here
328
00:31:54,079 --> 00:31:56,414
we saw the tiger come out
of behind this bush.
329
00:31:56,414 --> 00:31:58,125
At that time,
there was some blood lying here
330
00:31:58,125 --> 00:32:00,293
and a small part
of Rampal's skull.
331
00:32:00,293 --> 00:32:02,295
He came, started sniffing
at the blood, licked it.
332
00:32:02,295 --> 00:32:05,549
He looked up and we identified
him as T-24 right away.
333
00:32:05,549 --> 00:32:08,260
There was a spot of blood
just here.
334
00:32:08,260 --> 00:32:09,928
We actually, we drove the car
right up till here,
335
00:32:09,928 --> 00:32:13,223
and we saw the T-24 come out,
when we first identified him.
336
00:32:13,223 --> 00:32:14,975
- Yeah.
- He started snarling at us.
337
00:32:14,975 --> 00:32:16,351
- So we drove back.
- Okay.
338
00:32:16,351 --> 00:32:17,936
And then he
came up here,
339
00:32:17,936 --> 00:32:19,688
licked this blood,
started looking around here,
340
00:32:19,688 --> 00:32:22,232
all around, uh,
for good about 20 minutes
341
00:32:22,232 --> 00:32:23,900
till it became pretty dark.
342
00:32:26,278 --> 00:32:29,114
He's smelling for the...
343
00:33:56,493 --> 00:33:59,371
This was a clear
stalk and hit.
344
00:33:59,371 --> 00:34:01,539
Yeah, but tell me how
it's a clear stalk and hit.
345
00:34:01,539 --> 00:34:05,001
Because a stalk and hit
is always from the back.
346
00:34:05,001 --> 00:34:07,170
- Okay.
- An attack is from the front.
347
00:34:07,170 --> 00:34:08,546
- Okay.
- Attack is from the front.
348
00:34:08,546 --> 00:34:10,257
You mean
a chance-encounter attack.
349
00:34:10,257 --> 00:34:12,175
Yeah, a chance-encounter
attack.
350
00:34:12,175 --> 00:34:13,843
Defense attack will always be
from the front.
351
00:34:13,843 --> 00:34:16,012
And an attack is noisy.
352
00:34:16,012 --> 00:34:17,806
- Yeah.
- The tiger roars, screams.
353
00:34:17,806 --> 00:34:20,100
- Yeah. Yeah.
- You know, it gets very loud.
354
00:34:20,100 --> 00:34:21,851
Because
a chance-encounter attack
355
00:34:21,851 --> 00:34:24,104
is basically the tiger's way
of telling you to get lost.
356
00:34:24,104 --> 00:34:25,438
- Yeah.
- Or pushing you away from them.
357
00:34:25,438 --> 00:34:26,564
- He's warning you.
- He's warning you.
358
00:34:26,564 --> 00:34:27,899
- Yeah.
- This was silent.
359
00:34:27,899 --> 00:34:29,150
Nobody heard it.
360
00:34:33,238 --> 00:34:34,823
So here's what we know
361
00:34:34,823 --> 00:34:38,410
about the May 8th, 2015,
attack.
362
00:34:38,410 --> 00:34:42,372
At 6:00 p.m.,
forest guard Rampal Saini
363
00:34:42,372 --> 00:34:44,416
goes into the forest alone
364
00:34:44,416 --> 00:34:47,669
to verify a tiger
that was reported in the area.
365
00:34:49,462 --> 00:34:54,843
He's 20 feet off the main road
into core tiger territory.
366
00:34:54,843 --> 00:34:57,387
A tiger attacks Rampal.
367
00:34:57,387 --> 00:35:00,849
This attack is either
a chance encounter
368
00:35:00,849 --> 00:35:03,560
where the animal acted
in self-defense
369
00:35:03,560 --> 00:35:05,562
or a stalk and hit
370
00:35:05,562 --> 00:35:09,149
with the intention to kill
and eat Rampal.
371
00:35:09,149 --> 00:35:10,775
Rampal falls to the ground,
372
00:35:10,775 --> 00:35:14,029
and the tiger proceeds
to grab him by the neck.
373
00:35:14,029 --> 00:35:18,199
Shankar Lal drives up
and slams his brakes
374
00:35:18,199 --> 00:35:19,784
upon seeing the tiger.
375
00:35:19,784 --> 00:35:23,955
The skidding of his car
causes the tiger to flee.
376
00:35:23,955 --> 00:35:26,791
Forest guard Mundher rushes in
377
00:35:26,791 --> 00:35:29,961
and drags bleeding Rampal
towards the road.
378
00:35:29,961 --> 00:35:34,257
Forester Hukam Chand Meena
flags down a jeep.
379
00:35:34,257 --> 00:35:37,927
They load Rampal into the jeep,
which speeds to the hospital
380
00:35:37,927 --> 00:35:40,638
where Rampal
is pronounced dead.
381
00:35:42,140 --> 00:35:44,893
The Forest Department,
along with Aditya Singh,
382
00:35:44,893 --> 00:35:46,770
return to the scene
of the attack
383
00:35:46,770 --> 00:35:51,274
at approximately 7 p.m.
to find a large male tiger
384
00:35:51,274 --> 00:35:53,443
smelling and licking
385
00:35:53,443 --> 00:35:57,113
the still-wet blood
of Rampal Saini.
386
00:35:57,113 --> 00:36:02,160
They positively identify
this tiger as Tiger Number 24
387
00:36:02,160 --> 00:36:07,165
and take photographic evidence
to confirm their findings.
388
00:36:07,165 --> 00:36:09,334
They use this evidence
to conclude
389
00:36:09,334 --> 00:36:12,796
that T-24 was the killer tiger.
390
00:36:12,796 --> 00:36:15,673
See, a tiger sniffing blood
on the road
391
00:36:15,673 --> 00:36:18,968
does not implicate him
as the murderer.
392
00:36:34,401 --> 00:36:36,361
You remember
this bull kill
393
00:36:36,361 --> 00:36:38,029
from the opening of the film
394
00:36:38,029 --> 00:36:42,659
and how this was actually
Noor's kill, not T-24's?
395
00:36:44,035 --> 00:36:47,997
Here's T-24 looking
for that same bull kill
396
00:36:47,997 --> 00:36:50,625
the next morning.
397
00:36:50,625 --> 00:36:53,420
This is the same behavior
that the Forest Department
398
00:36:53,420 --> 00:36:56,381
used to implicate T-24
399
00:36:56,381 --> 00:36:59,509
as the tiger that killed
Rampal Saini.
400
00:37:06,891 --> 00:37:09,894
Look at T-24
devouring this kill.
401
00:37:14,524 --> 00:37:17,527
See how he drags it
like it is his kill,
402
00:37:17,527 --> 00:37:20,697
how he wants to pull it
deeper into the bush,
403
00:37:20,697 --> 00:37:24,367
further punctuating
that this must be his kill.
404
00:37:25,994 --> 00:37:29,330
But we know
that it was not his kill.
405
00:37:32,542 --> 00:37:37,755
To definitively ID T-24
as Rampal's killer
406
00:37:37,755 --> 00:37:41,885
would require identification
at the moment of the attack.
407
00:37:43,052 --> 00:37:44,721
Virtually impossible,
408
00:37:44,721 --> 00:37:47,432
given that
it was a hit and run.
409
00:37:47,432 --> 00:37:49,392
Or resort to technology.
410
00:37:49,392 --> 00:37:51,060
We have technology
which can help.
411
00:37:51,060 --> 00:37:54,856
Why wasn't it established
through forensic means?
412
00:37:54,856 --> 00:37:59,027
Forensics are part of
the NTCA guidelines
413
00:37:59,027 --> 00:38:02,363
for identifying
man-eating tigers.
414
00:38:02,363 --> 00:38:04,324
I support forensics,
but we are living
415
00:38:04,324 --> 00:38:06,409
in a country called India.
416
00:38:06,409 --> 00:38:07,785
We are living
in a forest department
417
00:38:07,785 --> 00:38:09,496
where you haven't given
even a uniform
418
00:38:09,496 --> 00:38:11,039
to the forest guard properly.
419
00:38:11,039 --> 00:38:13,416
Where every little thing,
including their ration,
420
00:38:13,416 --> 00:38:14,876
what they do in the day
or the night,
421
00:38:14,876 --> 00:38:16,628
has a big problem
attached to it.
422
00:38:16,628 --> 00:38:18,838
Where people like myself
have worked 40 years
423
00:38:18,838 --> 00:38:20,965
on government committees
to solve these problems
424
00:38:20,965 --> 00:38:23,301
and have been unsuccessful
because we live in a world
425
00:38:23,301 --> 00:38:24,636
of babus and bureaucrats
426
00:38:24,636 --> 00:38:26,971
who don't know
how to govern, okay?
427
00:38:26,971 --> 00:38:29,766
They take a hundred years
to solve little problems.
428
00:38:29,766 --> 00:38:31,226
They don't solve them
in the same day.
429
00:38:31,226 --> 00:38:33,645
Do you think that we haven't
fought for forensics
430
00:38:33,645 --> 00:38:36,439
in every region, so you have
a hundred forensic labs
431
00:38:36,439 --> 00:38:37,857
that you can deal with,
or you have
432
00:38:37,857 --> 00:38:40,485
little areas
within the park itself?
433
00:38:40,485 --> 00:38:43,071
But these are,
this is like, you know, saying,
434
00:38:43,071 --> 00:38:45,114
"Oh, this is gonna be a miracle
if it happens."
435
00:38:45,114 --> 00:38:48,326
We can't get the first A-B-C-D
of the alphabet to happen.
436
00:38:48,326 --> 00:38:51,829
So should the public think
that forensics can happen?
437
00:38:51,829 --> 00:38:54,123
In a country like India have you
driven in traffic in Delhi?
438
00:38:54,123 --> 00:38:56,000
- Yeah, it's crazy, yeah.
- You know what a rule is?
439
00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:57,544
What
is a traffic light?
440
00:38:57,544 --> 00:38:59,087
Where is
the pedestrian crossing?
441
00:38:59,087 --> 00:39:00,964
I mean, we give more and more
driving licenses.
442
00:39:00,964 --> 00:39:03,383
Do you know that nobody takes
a test for a driving license?
443
00:39:03,383 --> 00:39:06,219
Do you know that everybody out
there on the road is a killer?
444
00:39:06,219 --> 00:39:07,679
Why don't the public at large
445
00:39:07,679 --> 00:39:09,639
go and stop
the traffic regulations?
446
00:39:09,639 --> 00:39:11,683
Why don't they say that
there should be safe traffic?
447
00:39:11,683 --> 00:39:13,726
Do we do anything
in this country correctly?
448
00:39:13,726 --> 00:39:15,937
And you want forensics
in a tiger forest?
449
00:39:15,937 --> 00:39:19,065
Out there in boondocks?
Who's gonna bring it to you?
450
00:39:19,065 --> 00:39:20,525
God?
451
00:39:20,525 --> 00:39:22,735
So what you're saying is
ideally, yes--
452
00:39:22,735 --> 00:39:24,654
Of course ideally yes.
Of course we...
453
00:39:24,654 --> 00:39:28,324
I-- I've put it down
in recommendations 20 years ago,
454
00:39:28,324 --> 00:39:30,034
but they don't come through.
455
00:39:36,666 --> 00:39:40,169
This tiger, T-24, he did not
kill Rampal Saini.
456
00:39:40,169 --> 00:39:42,547
It's not the tiger
which killed Rampal Saini.
457
00:39:42,547 --> 00:39:44,173
It's the defunct system.
458
00:39:44,173 --> 00:39:48,720
The law says that if you have
to translocate any animal,
459
00:39:48,720 --> 00:39:50,972
specially if
it is a Schedule 1 animal
460
00:39:50,972 --> 00:39:52,724
under the Wildlife
Protection Act,
461
00:39:52,724 --> 00:39:55,685
Please seek the permission
of the Central Government,
462
00:39:55,685 --> 00:39:57,103
which in this case would be
463
00:39:57,103 --> 00:39:58,771
the National Tiger
Conservation Authority.
464
00:39:58,771 --> 00:40:00,231
There was
no communication between
465
00:40:00,231 --> 00:40:01,941
the chief wildlife warden
and the NTCA,
466
00:40:01,941 --> 00:40:03,568
and I've confirmed that
personally.
467
00:40:03,568 --> 00:40:05,612
If you were
the chief wildlife warden,
468
00:40:05,612 --> 00:40:07,697
your field director, Sahu,
whoever it is,
469
00:40:07,697 --> 00:40:11,409
says, "T-24 has killed
this guard.
470
00:40:11,409 --> 00:40:13,202
We have determined this,"
you know,
471
00:40:13,202 --> 00:40:15,997
"We want to move him,"
or whatever, you...
472
00:40:15,997 --> 00:40:18,750
What is your move from there?
Do you call the NTCA?
473
00:40:18,750 --> 00:40:20,209
- Do you write them a note?
- Yes.
474
00:40:20,209 --> 00:40:22,587
You cannot
shift an animal,
475
00:40:22,587 --> 00:40:25,089
as per the NTCA guidelines,
476
00:40:25,089 --> 00:40:28,843
without the abject approval
of the NTCA.
477
00:40:28,843 --> 00:40:31,220
- You have to have it on paper.
Yeah.
478
00:40:31,220 --> 00:40:32,597
In this particular case,
479
00:40:32,597 --> 00:40:36,768
I'm told that the approval
was taken later on
480
00:40:36,768 --> 00:40:40,772
after the tiger
was moved to, uh, the zoo.
481
00:40:43,775 --> 00:40:49,656
NTCA has the mandate
to provide guidelines,
482
00:40:49,656 --> 00:40:51,532
norms for tiger conservation.
483
00:40:51,532 --> 00:40:54,619
So if you've created a certain
guideline for translocation,
484
00:40:54,619 --> 00:40:57,622
for example, or to declare
a big cat as a man-eater,
485
00:40:57,622 --> 00:40:59,082
then you're supposed to ensure
486
00:40:59,082 --> 00:41:01,793
that the state governments
follow those guidelines,
487
00:41:01,793 --> 00:41:04,420
follow those norms,
follow those protocols.
488
00:41:04,420 --> 00:41:06,464
Unfortunately,
in this particular case,
489
00:41:06,464 --> 00:41:07,965
none of that happened.
490
00:41:10,259 --> 00:41:14,430
On May 28th, 2015,
Chandrabhal Singh
491
00:41:14,430 --> 00:41:20,019
was set to present his case
to return T-24 to the wild.
492
00:41:29,821 --> 00:41:33,116
The High Court
dismissed Chandrabhal's case.
493
00:41:36,160 --> 00:41:39,080
They stated that
the removal of T-24
494
00:41:39,080 --> 00:41:41,999
was "A decision
taken by Forest Officials
495
00:41:41,999 --> 00:41:46,796
who are experts in wild life
and tiger management."
496
00:41:46,796 --> 00:41:50,049
And was based on T-24's
successive killings,
497
00:41:50,049 --> 00:41:53,594
Rampal Saini
being the fourth victim.
498
00:41:57,765 --> 00:42:01,477
The High Court's dismissal
implied that T-24
499
00:42:01,477 --> 00:42:03,187
was a man-eating tiger.
500
00:42:05,189 --> 00:42:08,860
All the four incidents happened
in the core area of the forest,
501
00:42:08,860 --> 00:42:10,528
and not a single incident
502
00:42:10,528 --> 00:42:12,572
it happened
in the human settlement.
503
00:42:12,572 --> 00:42:14,949
So how can we call
this tiger a man eater?
504
00:42:17,285 --> 00:42:20,163
Him being taken out
of his territory
505
00:42:20,163 --> 00:42:24,959
by wrongful and inconclusive
evidence is not correct.
506
00:42:28,045 --> 00:42:30,840
Without him, his two cubs
507
00:42:30,840 --> 00:42:34,552
are vulnerable to another
male tiger attack.
508
00:42:39,557 --> 00:42:41,100
If T-24 is not there,
509
00:42:41,100 --> 00:42:43,352
that puts Noor, T-39,
at a bigger risk.
510
00:42:43,352 --> 00:42:46,105
I'm not worried about,
uh, you know, the cubs.
511
00:42:46,105 --> 00:42:48,316
The first in the line of fire
is the T-39.
512
00:42:48,316 --> 00:42:52,445
To defend her cub, she's gonna
be at the greater risk.
513
00:42:59,869 --> 00:43:02,413
Okay, it's June 10th,
6:00 p.m.
514
00:43:02,413 --> 00:43:04,916
Um, and it's raining, obviously.
515
00:43:04,916 --> 00:43:08,753
Um, it's my first time
in Ranthambore
516
00:43:08,753 --> 00:43:11,130
uh, without T-24 in the reserve,
517
00:43:11,130 --> 00:43:14,550
and I'm a little concerned
that it's raining.
518
00:43:14,550 --> 00:43:16,427
T-24's scent markings,
519
00:43:16,427 --> 00:43:19,514
um, from his scent glands
and his urine sprays,
520
00:43:19,514 --> 00:43:24,769
all those kinds of markings
are now going to lose any value
521
00:43:24,769 --> 00:43:26,103
because of the rain.
522
00:43:26,103 --> 00:43:28,231
They're gonna be
literally washed away.
523
00:43:28,231 --> 00:43:31,359
And this is problematic
for T-39,
524
00:43:31,359 --> 00:43:34,070
also known as Noor,
who is his mating partner,
525
00:43:34,070 --> 00:43:37,156
um, and the two, the cubs
who are just over a year old,
526
00:43:37,156 --> 00:43:39,784
because other males
are much more likely
527
00:43:39,784 --> 00:43:41,285
to come into his territory now,
528
00:43:41,285 --> 00:43:45,122
given that, um, his scent
has gone away.
529
00:44:06,602 --> 00:44:10,439
The rain cleared,
and I located Gora,
530
00:44:10,439 --> 00:44:14,652
now nearly his mother's size,
but clearly in distress
531
00:44:14,652 --> 00:44:16,821
because he could not find her.
532
00:44:24,996 --> 00:44:26,581
Gora's brother, Kalua,
533
00:44:26,581 --> 00:44:28,583
was dealing
with the stress of tourists
534
00:44:28,583 --> 00:44:32,503
blocking his path
and flashing their cameras
535
00:44:32,503 --> 00:44:34,547
as he tried to cross the road
536
00:44:34,547 --> 00:44:38,301
to return
to his parents' territory,
537
00:44:38,301 --> 00:44:41,804
presumably also looking
for his mother, Noor,
538
00:44:41,804 --> 00:44:44,265
and his father, T-24.
539
00:44:46,642 --> 00:44:48,519
When I finally found Noor,
540
00:44:48,519 --> 00:44:51,689
she seemed to be
intensively disturbed.
541
00:44:51,689 --> 00:44:57,987
She appeared to be looking for
and calling for T-24,
542
00:44:57,987 --> 00:45:00,197
but did not get a call back.
543
00:45:51,040 --> 00:45:53,209
After weeks of looking,
544
00:45:53,209 --> 00:45:58,047
she encounters a male
inside T-24's territory.
545
00:46:00,049 --> 00:46:02,468
But it is not her king.
546
00:46:02,468 --> 00:46:05,262
It is a new male, T-57.
547
00:46:07,640 --> 00:46:09,809
And once he locked in on her,
548
00:46:09,809 --> 00:46:13,896
he stayed on her relentlessly.
549
00:46:16,357 --> 00:46:20,027
Eventually, Noor submits
to the new male.
550
00:46:38,337 --> 00:46:43,050
The cubs flee up north,
never to be seen again.
551
00:46:51,934 --> 00:46:57,106
T-57 has now taken over
T-24's territory
552
00:46:57,106 --> 00:46:59,108
and his mating partner.
553
00:48:13,724 --> 00:48:15,684
Her name...
554
00:48:15,684 --> 00:48:19,396
- Her name is Dholi Bai.
Dholi Bai.
555
00:48:19,396 --> 00:48:20,523
Dholi means...
556
00:48:20,523 --> 00:48:21,607
Dholi means white.
557
00:49:10,823 --> 00:49:14,076
On June 16th, 2015,
558
00:49:14,076 --> 00:49:16,912
the National Tiger
Conservation Authority
559
00:49:16,912 --> 00:49:21,292
issues an appraisal report
on the removal of T-24
560
00:49:21,292 --> 00:49:23,711
from Ranthambore Tiger Reserve.
561
00:49:23,711 --> 00:49:26,130
"There were
considerable time periods
562
00:49:26,130 --> 00:49:28,966
between the attacks
involving T-24
563
00:49:28,966 --> 00:49:30,968
on human beings
in its territory.
564
00:49:30,968 --> 00:49:33,470
However, for the rest
of the period over the year,
565
00:49:33,470 --> 00:49:35,139
the said tiger was living
566
00:49:35,139 --> 00:49:37,725
on a natural-prey base
in the territory.
567
00:49:37,725 --> 00:49:40,895
It may also be observed
that in all the incidences,
568
00:49:40,895 --> 00:49:45,149
the human being
went very close to the tiger
569
00:49:45,149 --> 00:49:47,568
in-- in-- in its territory,
570
00:49:47,568 --> 00:49:49,904
paving way
for chance encounters
571
00:49:49,904 --> 00:49:54,116
within the fight-or-flight
distance of the animal."
572
00:49:54,116 --> 00:49:57,328
So this report categorically
and clearly says
573
00:49:57,328 --> 00:50:00,497
that this tiger
was not a man eater.
574
00:50:00,497 --> 00:50:03,459
In Ranthambore,
T-24 was a man eater.
575
00:50:03,459 --> 00:50:07,588
Just the fact that he had eaten
one body nearly completely,
576
00:50:07,588 --> 00:50:09,215
he is a man eater.
577
00:50:09,215 --> 00:50:13,385
And anyone from NTCA
or NTCA's parent organization,
578
00:50:13,385 --> 00:50:16,138
or the ministry, or anyone
in the Forest Department,
579
00:50:16,138 --> 00:50:19,183
or anyone from anywhere
who says different,
580
00:50:19,183 --> 00:50:20,809
has no knowledge about tigers.
581
00:50:20,809 --> 00:50:23,646
I'm not prepared to discuss it
further in terms of the fact
582
00:50:23,646 --> 00:50:26,857
that I don't waste my time on
people who don't have knowledge,
583
00:50:26,857 --> 00:50:28,859
whether they are in government
or out of government.
584
00:50:28,859 --> 00:50:31,946
It would be ridiculous for
anyone to come to Ranthambore
585
00:50:31,946 --> 00:50:35,324
from any part and say
that T-24 was not a man eater,
586
00:50:35,324 --> 00:50:37,701
because that person
has not done his homework
587
00:50:37,701 --> 00:50:40,120
and shouldn't be in the job
that they are in.
588
00:50:45,542 --> 00:50:47,753
These are advisories,
they wake up in the morning
589
00:50:47,753 --> 00:50:49,296
and write advisories.
590
00:50:49,296 --> 00:50:52,007
No state government will allow
the federal government
591
00:50:52,007 --> 00:50:53,550
to rule them on this.
592
00:50:53,550 --> 00:50:56,220
Looking after tigers
is a state subject.
593
00:50:56,220 --> 00:50:57,972
They transfer
the forest officers,
594
00:50:57,972 --> 00:51:00,975
they manage the parks,
they take on all the problems.
595
00:51:00,975 --> 00:51:04,395
They're not going to listen
to little paper tigers
596
00:51:04,395 --> 00:51:06,063
that are sent by the NTCA.
597
00:51:06,063 --> 00:51:08,357
See, I-- I don't know
enough science about tigers,
598
00:51:08,357 --> 00:51:11,527
but I think if science
still allows the ti-- tiger
599
00:51:11,527 --> 00:51:14,446
to be rehabilitated
in an alternative habitat
600
00:51:14,446 --> 00:51:17,533
because the law says
alternative suitable habitat,
601
00:51:17,533 --> 00:51:19,410
which is definitely not a zoo.
602
00:51:19,410 --> 00:51:22,288
If-- if science can still permit
the tiger
603
00:51:22,288 --> 00:51:24,540
to roam around freely
in a suitable habitat,
604
00:51:24,540 --> 00:51:27,835
whether it is back to
Ranthambore or portions of it,
605
00:51:27,835 --> 00:51:31,380
or adjoining it,
I think it should go... still.
606
00:51:31,380 --> 00:51:33,424
And I think the NTCA
is well within their right
607
00:51:33,424 --> 00:51:35,759
to convince them
that that's a better option
608
00:51:35,759 --> 00:51:38,762
for the life of the tiger,
rather than keeping them in zoo.
609
00:51:38,762 --> 00:51:43,309
And I have full faith in the
judiciary that sooner or later,
610
00:51:43,309 --> 00:51:46,603
the voice of this animal
will be heard.
611
00:51:46,603 --> 00:51:48,439
Armed
with the new information
612
00:51:48,439 --> 00:51:50,858
from the NTCA report,
613
00:51:50,858 --> 00:51:54,278
Chandrabhal Singh
refiled his case
614
00:51:54,278 --> 00:51:58,574
to return T-24 to the wild.
615
00:51:58,574 --> 00:52:02,077
To make your own judgment
on T-24,
616
00:52:02,077 --> 00:52:05,664
you have to go back
to his previous attacks
617
00:52:05,664 --> 00:52:10,377
and to the 2009 treatment
of his paw injury.
618
00:52:22,639 --> 00:52:27,478
In April 2009,
T-24 was seen limping
619
00:52:27,478 --> 00:52:31,774
due to a festering
puncture wound from a thorn.
620
00:52:31,774 --> 00:52:35,110
He was tranquilized
for treatment in the wild.
621
00:52:35,110 --> 00:52:37,196
The injured paw was cleaned
622
00:52:37,196 --> 00:52:40,157
and antibiotics
were administered.
623
00:52:40,157 --> 00:52:43,160
Ice blocks were used to manage
the inflammation.
624
00:52:45,079 --> 00:52:48,540
While unconscious,
a radio collar was attached
625
00:52:48,540 --> 00:52:52,002
so that T-24
could be monitored.
626
00:53:21,407 --> 00:53:25,786
I'm convinced that T-24's
dangerous attitude
627
00:53:25,786 --> 00:53:29,331
towards human beings
started with that first incident
628
00:53:29,331 --> 00:53:32,543
of a badly managed
radio-collaring operation.
629
00:53:32,543 --> 00:53:34,753
I've watched radio collaring
in my life.
630
00:53:34,753 --> 00:53:36,547
I've seen tigers
being radio collared,
631
00:53:36,547 --> 00:53:39,216
but in half an hour
they're up and gone.
632
00:53:39,216 --> 00:53:40,551
This was ridiculous.
633
00:53:40,551 --> 00:53:42,845
- And therefore...
- It was two days.
634
00:53:42,845 --> 00:53:44,721
The two days
somebody should have been
635
00:53:44,721 --> 00:53:46,515
held accountable and answerable.
636
00:53:46,515 --> 00:53:47,891
- Well, he had the paw thing.
- Why?
637
00:53:47,891 --> 00:53:49,601
They argue that
he would have died.
638
00:53:49,601 --> 00:53:50,978
Would've been... Would it have
been better for the--
639
00:53:50,978 --> 00:53:53,397
Let him-- let him die.
It's not your business.
640
00:53:53,397 --> 00:53:54,982
You're not playing God
to the tiger.
641
00:53:54,982 --> 00:53:58,360
We are not God to the tiger.
We are just human beings.
642
00:53:58,360 --> 00:54:01,196
We are observers
of a natural world
643
00:54:01,196 --> 00:54:02,406
which we know so much about.
644
00:54:02,406 --> 00:54:04,199
I've spent 40 years
watching tigers,
645
00:54:04,199 --> 00:54:06,869
I've probably seen more tigers
and spent more time with tigers
646
00:54:06,869 --> 00:54:10,998
than anyone today in the world,
but I'm still learning.
647
00:54:10,998 --> 00:54:13,584
Whereas all these new young
scientists and forest officers
648
00:54:13,584 --> 00:54:16,378
who are posted
think that they know the answer.
649
00:54:16,378 --> 00:54:17,921
You never know the answer.
650
00:54:17,921 --> 00:54:20,757
You have to have the humility
to understand an animal
651
00:54:20,757 --> 00:54:24,052
and the humility not to
interfere in it and let it be.
652
00:54:24,052 --> 00:54:26,597
- Yeah. Right.
- If it has to die, it will die.
653
00:54:26,597 --> 00:54:28,056
And another will come
in its place.
654
00:54:28,056 --> 00:54:29,766
That's what the natural world
is about.
655
00:54:29,766 --> 00:54:31,310
- Okay.
- Let's not interfere with it.
656
00:54:31,310 --> 00:54:33,937
So they interfered
with the natural world.
657
00:54:33,937 --> 00:54:36,064
Dr. Rajeev Garg
believes
658
00:54:36,064 --> 00:54:40,277
that his 48-hour treatment
of T-24's paw injury
659
00:54:40,277 --> 00:54:44,781
had nothing to do
with T-24's attacks on humans.
660
00:54:46,742 --> 00:54:50,662
Instead, Garg insists that T-24
661
00:54:50,662 --> 00:54:52,956
had lost his fear of humans
662
00:54:52,956 --> 00:54:56,460
due to their invasion
into his territory.
663
00:55:01,423 --> 00:55:05,344
Would you call him
a man eater or a--
664
00:55:05,344 --> 00:55:06,720
Okay.
665
00:55:08,805 --> 00:55:09,890
Okay.
666
00:55:14,019 --> 00:55:15,729
Ghamandi? Yes.
667
00:55:19,816 --> 00:55:20,817
Yes.
668
00:55:26,657 --> 00:55:28,825
Yeah.
The animal attacked Ghamandi.
669
00:55:52,057 --> 00:55:53,016
Okay.
670
00:56:30,304 --> 00:56:31,388
Right.
671
00:56:34,391 --> 00:56:35,559
Okay.
672
00:56:38,478 --> 00:56:39,646
Right.
673
00:56:48,071 --> 00:56:49,990
Yeah. Yeah.
674
00:56:54,077 --> 00:56:58,415
Okay. So you saw T-24
on Ghamandi's body?
675
00:56:58,415 --> 00:56:59,583
Yeah.
676
00:57:03,420 --> 00:57:04,630
-Grandmother.
-Yes.
677
00:57:04,630 --> 00:57:06,548
Grandmother.
678
00:57:06,548 --> 00:57:08,550
- Your mother? Okay.
- Ah, yeah, mother.
679
00:57:08,550 --> 00:57:10,552
Hello. Hello.
Hello, how are you?
680
00:57:11,970 --> 00:57:13,472
Okay, okay, okay.
681
00:57:16,266 --> 00:57:18,977
Ghamandi's brother.
Hi, nice to meet you.
682
00:57:18,977 --> 00:57:20,103
Nice to meet you.
683
00:57:35,619 --> 00:57:37,037
How are you? Mm.
684
00:58:32,175 --> 00:58:35,011
This is the main road
at 6:00 a.m.
685
00:58:36,638 --> 00:58:38,974
Behind the wall
you see on the left
686
00:58:38,974 --> 00:58:41,810
is the edge of T-24's
territory.
687
00:58:44,813 --> 00:58:48,191
Just inside
and outside the wall,
688
00:58:48,191 --> 00:58:52,696
villagers wash
and relieve themselves.
689
00:58:52,696 --> 00:58:56,450
To defecate, they go in deeper
into the core
690
00:58:56,450 --> 00:58:59,953
with bottles of water
to clean themselves after.
691
00:59:01,371 --> 00:59:04,082
This is illegal and dangerous,
692
00:59:04,082 --> 00:59:07,377
but most days
they will not see a tiger,
693
00:59:07,377 --> 00:59:10,046
let alone
have a deadly encounter.
694
00:59:11,423 --> 00:59:13,675
According to Ghamandi's father,
695
00:59:13,675 --> 00:59:16,219
this is exactly
what his son was doing
696
00:59:16,219 --> 00:59:19,556
the morning he was killed
by T-24.
697
01:00:41,471 --> 01:00:44,599
Legally, the Forest Department
was not obligated
698
01:00:44,599 --> 01:00:48,478
to provide any compensation
to Ghamandi's family
699
01:00:48,478 --> 01:00:52,190
because he invaded
core tiger territory.
700
01:00:52,190 --> 01:00:57,571
The $2000 compensation
was likely a goodwill gesture
701
01:00:57,571 --> 01:01:01,950
because following the attack,
Ghamandi's family and friends
702
01:01:01,950 --> 01:01:04,411
came close to mob violence.
703
01:01:10,208 --> 01:01:11,167
Surprise...
704
01:01:15,839 --> 01:01:17,007
Okay.
705
01:02:19,694 --> 01:02:22,197
So what probably happened
is he came down here,
706
01:02:22,197 --> 01:02:25,533
the tiger was here,
and then the argument is,
707
01:02:25,533 --> 01:02:27,410
why did the tiger attack, right?
708
01:02:27,410 --> 01:02:30,705
So it could be, yes,
this is a man-eating tiger.
709
01:02:30,705 --> 01:02:32,248
This was a great opportunity.
710
01:02:32,248 --> 01:02:35,418
Or, two, that the tiger
was surprised
711
01:02:35,418 --> 01:02:37,796
and this was
like a chance encounter
712
01:02:37,796 --> 01:02:39,589
and that's why he was killed.
713
01:02:39,589 --> 01:02:41,257
Ashfaq was supposedly down here
714
01:02:41,257 --> 01:02:44,052
because the wood that's down
here is better wood for cutting,
715
01:02:44,052 --> 01:02:46,930
and because there's, like,
you know, Ficus leaves.
716
01:02:46,930 --> 01:02:49,099
That's-- that's
the official report.
717
01:02:50,767 --> 01:02:52,435
Okay, now if you look
over there,
718
01:02:52,435 --> 01:02:55,730
there's actually--
there's actually some locals.
719
01:03:20,296 --> 01:03:23,133
Okay, the-- the guard is getting
really frustrated with me,
720
01:03:23,133 --> 01:03:26,970
but I just want to, like,
see what these guys did.
721
01:04:29,115 --> 01:04:32,952
So-- so this is-- this is,
um, the leaves
722
01:04:32,952 --> 01:04:39,417
that-- that Ashfaq was, was
going to get for these goats.
723
01:05:29,551 --> 01:05:32,971
I just came from the village
down over here.
724
01:05:32,971 --> 01:05:34,264
Uh, this is where Ashfaq
used to live
725
01:05:34,264 --> 01:05:36,266
and now right behind me,
there's-- there's
726
01:05:36,266 --> 01:05:39,853
grazing cattle coming down
along with the cattle herders.
727
01:05:39,853 --> 01:05:41,938
They're right up over there,
the guy's wearing a red shirt
728
01:05:41,938 --> 01:05:44,232
and the yellow shirt,
they're-- they're coming down.
729
01:05:44,232 --> 01:05:45,942
And you can see that
this invasion
730
01:05:45,942 --> 01:05:48,319
into the core
is still happening.
731
01:05:48,319 --> 01:05:50,905
This is the sort of the,
the edge of the core,
732
01:05:50,905 --> 01:05:53,867
because from here, it's this
village right after that.
733
01:05:53,867 --> 01:05:56,911
And this is just the reality
right now of Ranthambore.
734
01:05:56,911 --> 01:05:59,539
There isn't this sort of
ideal situation
735
01:05:59,539 --> 01:06:03,251
where there's this core,
then there's this buffer,
736
01:06:03,251 --> 01:06:04,794
and then, after that,
there's the village.
737
01:06:04,794 --> 01:06:08,631
In many areas, there's core,
and then there's village.
738
01:06:26,816 --> 01:06:30,320
Beyond all the need
for livelihood, beyond all,
739
01:06:30,320 --> 01:06:33,740
you know, "I gotta collect wood
for, you know, my family
740
01:06:33,740 --> 01:06:36,659
and leaves for my goats and all
that," it's-- it's kind of fun.
741
01:06:36,659 --> 01:06:39,996
I mean, it's actually kind of
fun to-- to... It's freedom.
742
01:06:39,996 --> 01:06:42,832
You know, I mean, it's-- it's
just was fun for me
743
01:06:42,832 --> 01:06:44,500
to go up this hill
and sit over here.
744
01:06:44,500 --> 01:06:46,336
It's just kind of a cool place
to hang out.
745
01:06:46,336 --> 01:06:48,588
That's probably
how this happened, you know?
746
01:06:48,588 --> 01:06:50,840
Um, you know, if I'm Ashfaq,
I'm-- I'm do...
747
01:06:50,840 --> 01:06:54,677
Every day, I'm going here for
a walk, I'm enjoying myself,
748
01:06:54,677 --> 01:06:56,804
I'm-- I'm picking up leaves
for my goats,
749
01:06:56,804 --> 01:06:59,641
I'm-- I'm cutting wood,
and this is what I do.
750
01:06:59,641 --> 01:07:01,976
I see a tiger or a leopard
every once in a while
751
01:07:01,976 --> 01:07:03,603
really far away,
and then, one day,
752
01:07:03,603 --> 01:07:08,983
I run right into one,
and I get killed.
753
01:14:07,360 --> 01:14:09,695
If a pilgrim
was killed, the potential
754
01:14:09,695 --> 01:14:11,864
for a riot
would have been there.
755
01:14:19,413 --> 01:14:23,125
Even, like, poisoning in
retaliation or something like--
756
01:14:23,125 --> 01:14:26,754
Villagers have been
known to poison tigers,
757
01:14:26,754 --> 01:14:29,965
burn the forest and
the Forest Department quarters
758
01:14:29,965 --> 01:14:32,218
when they sense
that the Forest Department
759
01:14:32,218 --> 01:14:35,888
has not protected them
from tiger attacks.
760
01:16:47,436 --> 01:16:51,273
Although T-24's surgery
was successful,
761
01:16:51,273 --> 01:16:56,153
his intestinal blockage
became a chronic issue.
762
01:16:56,153 --> 01:17:01,200
I believe that it's 100%
due to the claustrophobic
763
01:17:01,200 --> 01:17:02,993
and the constricted area
764
01:17:02,993 --> 01:17:05,162
to which the tiger
has been confined.
765
01:17:05,162 --> 01:17:08,707
That is causing all this.
Tiger is a-- is an animal...
766
01:17:08,707 --> 01:17:10,125
Causing
the stomach problem?
767
01:17:10,125 --> 01:17:11,961
Causing the stomach problem.
768
01:18:22,573 --> 01:18:26,243
Over the next
two years, Chandrabhal Singh
769
01:18:26,243 --> 01:18:30,456
continues to fight for T-24
through the legal system.
770
01:18:31,665 --> 01:18:34,543
On May 28th, 2017,
771
01:18:34,543 --> 01:18:37,713
after his review petition
gets dismissed,
772
01:18:38,964 --> 01:18:40,716
he calls it quits.
773
01:18:58,692 --> 01:19:01,403
Meanwhile, back in Ranthambore,
774
01:19:01,403 --> 01:19:06,158
T-57 continues to rule over
T-24's territory
775
01:19:06,158 --> 01:19:08,744
and over
his mating partner, Noor.
776
01:19:16,710 --> 01:19:21,090
Through T-57,
Noor produces three cubs.
777
01:19:27,054 --> 01:19:32,059
Life has moved on
in Ranthambore without T-24.
778
01:19:43,278 --> 01:19:46,407
Right. One hectare in this case.
779
01:19:46,407 --> 01:19:47,366
Yeah.
780
01:19:51,745 --> 01:19:52,913
Right.
781
01:19:56,041 --> 01:19:59,420
T-24 as one of the tigers
that I love,
782
01:19:59,420 --> 01:20:01,255
but I love all tigers.
783
01:20:01,255 --> 01:20:06,427
Once he started killing
human beings,
784
01:20:06,427 --> 01:20:10,389
then he became a threat
to his own species.
785
01:20:10,389 --> 01:20:15,144
Now, to protect the species,
with a heavy heart,
786
01:20:15,144 --> 01:20:17,855
we had to agree
that we had to send him away.
787
01:20:17,855 --> 01:20:20,899
It doesn't mean
that I stopped loving him.
788
01:20:20,899 --> 01:20:25,571
And T-24 is one of the most
beautiful specimens
789
01:20:25,571 --> 01:20:27,114
of a male tiger.
790
01:20:32,619 --> 01:20:35,956
I mean, I may partly
be in love with T-24.
791
01:20:35,956 --> 01:20:37,499
I've loved my moments with him,
792
01:20:37,499 --> 01:20:40,252
but I also know
that you have to manage a park,
793
01:20:40,252 --> 01:20:42,421
that you have to find a way
to deal with local people
794
01:20:42,421 --> 01:20:44,214
and their problems,
forest guards who don't want
795
01:20:44,214 --> 01:20:45,924
to patrol
because of this animal.
796
01:20:51,430 --> 01:20:53,849
No. No.
797
01:20:53,849 --> 01:20:55,100
Right.
798
01:21:04,068 --> 01:21:06,612
So maybe there is
no good guy
799
01:21:06,612 --> 01:21:11,158
or bad guy
in this T-24 tragedy.
800
01:21:11,158 --> 01:21:13,327
Maybe that's life.
801
01:21:13,327 --> 01:21:18,165
Maybe if you look deep enough,
there's dirt on everyone.
802
01:21:22,086 --> 01:21:25,214
Each side cares about T-24,
803
01:21:25,214 --> 01:21:28,217
but each side
wants to tear the other down.
804
01:21:30,177 --> 01:21:33,305
Was T-24 a man eater?
805
01:21:35,557 --> 01:21:39,353
That will always be
up for debate.
806
01:21:39,353 --> 01:21:42,022
But there is no debate
that all the attacks
807
01:21:42,022 --> 01:21:46,902
occurred within his territory
inside the core area,
808
01:21:46,902 --> 01:21:52,157
which is designated
sacred space for tigers by law.
809
01:21:54,910 --> 01:21:58,372
T-24 was ultimately removed
810
01:21:58,372 --> 01:22:03,252
because the core area of tiger
reserves are compromised,
811
01:22:03,252 --> 01:22:06,004
and these small
remaining wild areas
812
01:22:06,004 --> 01:22:09,675
where tigers survive
are managed by departments
813
01:22:09,675 --> 01:22:13,929
that must strike a balance
between the tiger's needs,
814
01:22:13,929 --> 01:22:16,140
the needs of the forest staff,
815
01:22:16,140 --> 01:22:19,434
their families,
and the villagers.
816
01:22:21,061 --> 01:22:25,649
In order to prevent conflict
between tigers and humans,
817
01:22:25,649 --> 01:22:29,403
we must provide safe solutions
for villagers
818
01:22:29,403 --> 01:22:32,781
entering the little
remaining tiger habitat
819
01:22:32,781 --> 01:22:34,575
while empowering forest staff
820
01:22:34,575 --> 01:22:37,411
with safer
patrolling protocols.
821
01:22:38,912 --> 01:22:40,539
Without these changes,
822
01:22:40,539 --> 01:22:43,458
attacks on humans
will increase.
823
01:22:43,458 --> 01:22:47,254
And with that,
an increasing number of tigers
824
01:22:47,254 --> 01:22:51,383
will be removed from the wild
and put in zoos.
825
01:22:51,383 --> 01:22:55,220
And this is a tragedy
for future generations
826
01:22:55,220 --> 01:22:59,474
because there's nothing quite
as beautiful, inspirational,
827
01:22:59,474 --> 01:23:03,770
and important
as a tiger in the wild.
828
01:23:42,684 --> 01:23:45,979
People travel from all over
the world to India
829
01:23:45,979 --> 01:23:48,440
to see the last wild tigers.
830
01:23:50,400 --> 01:23:53,570
They admire them
and photograph them
831
01:23:53,570 --> 01:23:55,697
as they would works of art.
832
01:24:05,415 --> 01:24:08,710
To take tigers
away from the wild
833
01:24:08,710 --> 01:24:11,421
will be to take a piece
of inspiration
834
01:24:11,421 --> 01:24:13,340
away from the world.
835
01:24:16,343 --> 01:24:22,641
To thrive, wild tigers
require large forest expanses.
836
01:24:22,641 --> 01:24:26,812
This means that saving tigers
also saves the forests,
837
01:24:26,812 --> 01:24:29,523
which in turn
fights climate change,
838
01:24:29,523 --> 01:24:33,402
curbs soil erosion,
purifies water,
839
01:24:33,402 --> 01:24:36,405
and maintains
species diversity.
840
01:25:37,966 --> 01:25:42,804
If we can give tigers
a sacred place in the world,
841
01:25:42,804 --> 01:25:47,934
we can make the world
a better place for all species,
842
01:25:47,934 --> 01:25:49,728
including mankind.
62466
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