Original subtitles

my reward to risk ratio as much as possible so I'll leave that

then just using for that a little bit of timing and the

mitigated I'm seeing those brakes for structure that I'm

waiting for all of this to happen price to get down here

full signals which is why we always start in a hard time

those highest probability areas and that's what I was saying in

in the in the lesson before that I'm only jumping down to

M15 demand and then when it comes into that M15 demand drop

down to another time frame and see how the Mone reacts right

bullish before this entire move can happen right it happens but

can jump down to the 15 seconds right we can wait for the

this Mone zone was going to hold but what can we do well we

30-minute the one hour whatever it's just right price is

fractal I mean see here right if we did this with the the 4

could be the the weekly the monthly you know the the

you know it doesn't really matter what time frame right it

just see the ones that are respected see the ones that are

think that's everything I wanted to mention at this

already marked up on Euro dollar. And we're going to

my execution time frames which for me at the moment is the

everything being mitigated that I want to you know expect to be

there before I waffle any longer let's hop on the charts

frames for our overall directional bias we outline

this wasn't a fake not a well a fake signal right and then

with this kind of overall price action model here that we've

on a four hour chart into this demand zone is there a way

area of demand on a lower time frame right start to see all

these things you know start to see okay price pulls back here

we mark out 15 second area of demand and then we get into

of course you're going to get a hell of a lot more you know

go and you can just you know in theory keep going down five

15-second to then switch bullish and then what do we do

your dollar or whatever pay you've been looking at and now

go on there. Take one time frame at a time start on the

week four hours on we just spoke about you know see does

Go now on on the price section that we've been looking at on

done everything it needs to do down here if the four hour

it's not high probability but it may happen but ultimately we

of a pullback or if we're in a long position here we can take

instead of me just entering here with a really wide stop is

there a way I can then jump down to a lower time frame and

price can keep going higher right because it's mitigated a

four hour supply up here that's potentially still fresh right

what else can we use on the Mone we can then use the strong

start to apply these concepts. So what I would say if you're

okay wait for the Mone to pull back down into the discount but

point. What we'll now do is go back onto the charts that we've

or the extreme of the move that's sitting in the discount

it get a reaction right or does price spike through if it does

daily right and draw on your your supply and demand zones

way up right start your highest time frame on the weekly or

come together as we're building it on layer by layer. So I

all of these pieces of the puzzle you know are starting to

to mitigate this area of demand that needs to hold right if

the short here to long position in case you know sometimes

break of structure here it did initiate that pullback and you

let's get practical let's look at some realistic examples and

shorts or you know manage any positions if we're already in

icing on the cake to then get positioned and try and increase

fill up some demand right that was created on the way up and

we start to see those signals right with changes of character

strong area of supply so it increases the probability right

before I'm even thinking about the Mone it's only when I see

in long from down here. So hopefully you can now see how

Mone right I I I'm literally not going below the M15 I'm

again and again and again right the one second has to switch

doing that but that is literally what is happening

second one second right wouldn't recommend necessarily

right that this M1 zone is going to hold and it's going to

that because it's giving us a little bit more confirmation

hour the M15 and the Mone and we still weren't 100% sure that

Mone demand right that led to the Mone breaker structure that

then wait for that to switch bullish see if that comes into

get a reaction and price pulls back does it pull back to an

are not respected the weak zones right so IE like this

right we should already have your structure marked on and

four hour high right so you know in theory there may be

demands being mitigated the Mone has now switched bullish

that if that's going to be a protected low we then drop to

probability that we can now look to either pay those trend

and breaks of structure it can increase the probability that

feeling pretty confident and you want to have a go at this.

and demand zones in there across multiple time frames to

it's not a guarantee it's not a certainty increases the

been looking at but all we've now done is just overlay supply

hopefully you guys you know should be pretty familiar with

like is likely to go but then also when price is in here and

then ultimately that week high should go because price has

help not only help us initiate ahead of time how far price

bullish trend long term is going to continue but yeah

premium versus we've got price coming into our area of demand

ahead of time we've now got three tools right we've got

we can look for price to come into that M15 area of demand

frames to then get long and then we can target that weak

and then boom this is where we can get low and we can enter

should expect that it may just cause a reaction it may just

price may reverse right we never really truly know that

trade that right we may want to take the short and play a bit

know there may be a reaction from here and we may want to

because it did still cause that pivot it caused that minor

some if I draw it on right there maybe you know an area of

now know that we can use to increase the probability right

and we've used all of that confluence across multiple time

led to the Mone change of character that's in the origin

the Mone we see the Mone switch character as well so M-15

right that stepped in to lead to that M15 break of structure

that cause that M15 change of character so when we see that

place and it's in the discount what's the next tool that we

back into the discount but we don't just want to buy that

and we want to catch the M15 high low right we want to see

can jump down to the Mone time frame because we are

that that four hour high low may be in place so we don't

especially now as it has mitigated that extreme area of

M15 change of character right which then from a market

to smash up right and go there to the upside so let's get rid

break this week M15 low okay so that's why may come up and it

stronger than the amount of supply that it took just to

to a four hour break of structure is going to be much

right the 4 hour trend is bullish it's very likely the

so yes in theory because we have continue that move right

of denote that by kind of drawing a hollow box right and

structure it didn't do anything right so when price comes back

do this to come across right now you have to ask yourself

down to that origin or the extreme remember and we could

anticipate of course that price does not have to pull the way

hour leg and then you can push it even further down until

complant in a high low start to break upside and then the M-15

you can you know put the premium discount on this M15

lower highs right so you can potentially want to trade this

respected the 15-minute chart is making lower lows and and

we're seeing a series of mitigations that being

-minute chart you can see that on at least from a 15 minute

mitigations right you are if you're looking on the 15

that 15-minute various trend change then you see a series of

upside so at this point what we can then do is jump down to the

that high low to get that next break of structure to the

character we can anticipate that price may want to pull

caused this Buddhist swing leg so when we see that change of

another tool that we can use to potentially anticipate how far

hour demand zone down here right and we can anticipate

price may want to pull back well we look at this fresh four

much all the things we've looked at so far but what is

high low right but remember it's probability it does not

time by looking where there is an old zone that is still fresh

that four hour pullback is about to kick in we get a

got this you know drawn all the way off the chart so again just

four hour is is most likely what is going to end the four

hour air of supply and because it's a four hour area of supply

pullback right and that is what we can then use to anticipate

frame zones right so the same time frame are higher for the

a weekly, a monthly right. They're the types of hard time

backs those swing pullbacks kicking in right now what is

bullish trend right with this big thick line. So very

because it needs to facilitate that four hour pullback right

breaker structure so then the 15 minute is now bearish right

change of character that four hour minor break of structure

the 15-minute chart so then when we get that four hour

down to the 15-minute chart which is this blue line not

change of character that four hour emboss if you were to drop

character so if we were purely just looking at the four hour

is over and how can we increase the pobability that potentially

for that Mone change of character to the upside right

is we waited for the Mone to switch bullish right we wait

do we expect after a break of structure we expect a four hour

structure example let's go through this slowly and look at

structure point of view and now we are overlaying yeah the

high low and that's what we want to trade so we can mark

that that M15 low is not breached and we want to see a

just don't just want to buy straight of course we can but

demand right it's all systems go now to start to anticipate

probability that that four hour high low may be in place

structure standpoint can indicate or give us more

within here nested within this area of price action that led

demand to fail once again so yeah that's kind of just a very

go so this will just come with experience of you know whether

come all the way up to this swing high right at that point

right up into that extreme supply zone and hold before we

lot of the time not always but most of the time because four

strong M15 supply zone right you're going to get smashed a

not you're going to be right or wrong because you're getting at

supply zone and then we have the origin extreme up here both

so now that demand has been mitigated when price then comes

concepts understanding multi-time frame market

what's happened is purely from an 15 perspective the bearish

comes back up to here right and it smashes straight up through

we have created strong M15 supply here right because

cause any break of structure not even a minor break of

technically M15 demand but is it strong or weak demand well

of pivot and price broke up to the upside and yes that is

area of demand so when we saw that reaction from demand just

anticipate that supply is still going to be stronger than this

that next move to the downside to get that next swing trend to

and potentially you know you draw on some demand as you can

where you can see 4 hour areas of demand okay now when we get

first target then you can start to target the EQ of the four

that strong M15 high right so that's kind of your minimum

to indicate that now potentially because the Mone

out right the EQ of this leg here wait for price to pull

it's picked up all the fuel that it needs to then generate

anticipating what we're anticipating that M15 pullback

rate and increase our reward to risk ratios so what do we do we

hour overpowers M 15 right the amount of demand and orders

of these orange drawings so now we already have we have that

higher low is going to be intact right because it

the M15 looking at the M15 various trend seeing there's a

it's caused a break of structure the higher time frame

in the discount we've mitigated strong four hour demand because

for the shorts so it's pro M15, but you have to be aware of

it's pro M15 trend because at any point the four hour

expectations of how far price is likely to go even though

trend so once price has done its job it's pulled back up

will see in a live market will cause some some sort of

that I'm you know drawing out within these minor swings you

perspective the 15 minute supply is in control right

Well because it caused that 15 minute swing low right to cause

supply zones. So why is that a strong 15 minute supply zone?

what will likely happen is you'll see those 15 minute

understanding premium discount you haven't realized that we're

structure understanding you know strong demand so it's

right if you're not understanding all of these

probability that price will want to pull back to form the

we mark out the the high to the low we mark out the EQ of the

change of character or a lower time frame trend change but we

know it could have reacted from any of these points here and

substructure break there so you may see a bit of a reaction you

be some very minor demand within here right and why is

occur so take looking over here right it's just the exact

quick in and out trade target the next minor area of demand

should in theory be an M15 strong lower high so when price

then we can see that supply is still in control and it easily

trend is intact we've taken out this strong sorry this week M15

demand zone so what I'm just going to do here is just kind

action to the left where potentially we had you know

supply right? A four hour or higher so it could be a daily,

pullback. What is most likely going to be a four hour area of

ahead of time you know to help us potentially with management

structure right and what did those supply zones actually

it did right it didn't achieve any major breaks of structure

the market here to initiate that pullback but that's what

reactions are very small well it's all because of your market

it didn't cause you know on this example here it didn't

down here right and we start to get into the discount you can

will switch bullish okay so you know at a bare minimum you can

be a liquidity grab and straight away that swing run

far this swing is likely to go and when the swing pull back is

help us anticipate not only ahead of time of where of how

premium of that M 15 leg right so you are trading pro the M15

pick up all of this demand did what why is that strong demand

leg here right wait for price to pull back up into the

that it's likely price is going to want to come down to

change of character we're initiating the pullback you

comes back we can look for you know potential bullish

smashed all the time and they're not holding out or the

when price can come back at a much later point then

grain line if you look at this pullback here on the 15 minute

minor this tiny minor four hour pullback right denoted by the

minor load to be taken right we would look for that minor break

of structure to the downside now when you see that four hour

have to pull back that far which I'm sure you're all now

collected data on that now so at this point we've got our

sometimes there will be multiple areas of demand right

comes with time and experience connecting data back testing it

want to come lower mitigate this area and then go but as

range discount prices are where it's going to be highest

can target anywhere within this four hour discount right when

a bare minimum right you who should get a decent reaction

long and potentially maybe short lived and then price may

from this demand zone here so that's still tradable or you

going to kick in right so how do we know when the swing run

that we looked at was we're looking at those changes of

pullback how do we know when that four hour pullback is

pullback if we wish to do so right how far can we target we

filled to initiate that pullback right so then we get

that breakup structure and we can start looking to play that

four hour bullish trend we form the high high pullback to form

where there will likely be a lot of supply old orders to be

dark grey line is the four hour chart so we are clearly in a

can anticipate where that is very likely to happen ahead of

what's going on so that this big sort of thick gray lines

into essentially what is you know a multi-time frame market

supply in the market for price to come up and mitigate and

to go over that four hours bullish we get the break of

then kick that pullback right so that's essentially why I've

we're drawing that across and that is where there is still

you may miss all of the moves where reaction the decisional

demand and supply into that so let's take a look at one more

and more concepts so you really get a feel of how and when you

price trending down and then this four hour zone right call

swing low there and this is essentially would would be an

that should be strong enough right to kick in a four hour

hour bullish swing leg up and then it mitigates that four

you're interested in these decision demand zones or not

the highest point whereas with the decisionals you could get

that we've got a bullish trend change right because price then

would have formed a swing higher high so you're getting

strong areas of demand they're both strong because they're

in theory price can form a high low from either of them but at

where the true swing high low will form okay so we can do

one here the decisional and then we will have one here

in this case right we're looking at a four hour you know

typically what is most likely going to initiate a four hour

if we're already in a position. Well as I'm sure you've already

I was saying with demand right this is the decisional demand

down and it picks up that strong supply now supplies are

firmly in control because there's nothing left down here

likely to kick in but also give us a lot more confidence that

can continue to go and then we get the true change of

thing that we can use to help us increase the probability

isn't a full signal that we are actually about to see that

when we do see that initial change of character that it

it's removing now any little bit of supply there in the

just drag this across you would have a valid demand zone down

through and continuing the overall bullish trend right and

area of demand there is now nothing left up here there is

right you can then still take these trades from here and

structure right it only led to these breaks of structure those

price then comes down into the the origin of this move here

and that's why we're seeing the swing lower highs and lower

lows okay so price comes down potentially reacts from some

really looked at in terms of market market structure to help

so that's kind of the first thing you know that we've

is going to go because supply is in control here not demand

into the premium it's mitigated the strong supply zone right

all of these demand zones here are going to get smashed yes

mitigate this sort of minor area of demand the reason why I

are filled it's just enough to cause a little bit of a

like it's initially being respected but what's happening

of a pullback which is what we see here right so supply looks

that minor demand well because it caused you know that

that will most likely be a 15 minute swing boss right a tree

always but most likely that four hour minor break of

15 minute change of trend because this tiny miny tiny

frame analysis what would we look for we would look for a

price four hour chart right and we weren't using multi time

supply then holds we try to come down doesn't initially go

the move that cause that swing break of structure there so

we pull up into the apex of that move right the origin of

see lower highs and lower lows so bit more of a realistic

define as a reaction because price can literally come in

smash straight through okay but generally there'll be a bit of

typically have a reaction now sometimes price will literally

very familiar with and now what you're going to do of course is

line diagram but one that you should now be hopefully very

very basic market structure that we've looked at hopefully

in short here it could work a little bit but price can still

means you could have a high strike rate but it also means

get rid of these drawings right it's now filled up any demand

that may be left in this area that cause that pullback right

the origin that apex of the move right that cause the break

we reach that supply zone so remember it's supply but it's

structure to the upside right and then we pull back and then

and demand keeps holding right until it doesn't so looking

price we get that either range created or pivot created supply

expect that high to hold and we expect the next swing run to to

go to downside and take out that week low and take out any

showing that demand is failing supply is in control when price

has started to switch bullish then the M15 high low may be in

straight away what do we want to do well we did before

supply that causes a swing break but because it's protrend

it's just a short lived reaction it picks up more

minor substructure breaks right so then when price comes here

we want to increase our accuracy increase our strike

opposite for bearish order flow in a bearish market series of

to but you just have to manage your expectations right it's a

supply within there right so you can trade this if you want

form that high high and get that break of structure and

ultimately we would expect supply to fail and for price to

can draw these on and you can and you can see them on your

may react initially but ultimately we can expect price

there may be some you know tradable reactions from here

that you may want to but you just have to use that

the downside right to to cause that break of structure then

shouldn't breach this low here but if you're just looking at

zone and then suddenly you're wondering why you're getting

those high lows right because they cause those breaks of

structure and this is why you know it's so important to get

there's a a shift in price direction supply will have been

supply zones because remember every time you know there's

surely just looking at it from you know just market structure

created because at that point for price to pull back what's

those strong areas of demand that cause those breaks of

low right that swing low we've created a lower high that

even if you're pairing it with going okay it took out this

bullish trend or no it's not bullish that is a bullish

understand right you know if you're too zoomed in and you

in a bearish market that's why you can get you know thrashed

goes or you see a bit of a bounce but you have to

structure right and then we come down to the the downside

takes out that demand zone we get another minor break of

going to form and continue that next move right and then this

demand zone down here as we can see wasn't used for now but

and we don't always know which one the swing high low is

it's pretty slim so it's it's pretty likely to be a weak

enough demand within here to continue move to the upside or

down what are the probabilities what are the odds that there is

yes you can see the candle and you can see there was a ranger

start to go so if see price start to pivot to the upside

this is why you know all all of these supply and demand zones

reaction right whether it's just a pause in price before it

will also vary from pair to pair it will depend on when you

combining all of the concepts that you know but for right now

mitigation liquidity and stuff which we haven't really covered

right now to keep it simple is essentially be aware of your

target this week 15 minute low why because it never took out

just a four hour pullback so you have to manage your

what you have to be aware that the four hour is bullish it's

bearish trend right because the M15 is bearish and you can look

and that supply then leads to a break of structure right

respected supply is in control and that is what essentially

lower lows and lower highs where the lows are weak and the

so yes it caused you know this price to do this and have those

you're looking for price to pull back and form that higher

which is the origin of the extreme right depending on what

so when prices just cause that break of structure and then

form so we can outline you know potentially more than two right

potentially the 15-minute chart has now switched bearish and

15-minute chart when we see that change of character where

start just drawing on you know any old supply zone and demand

potentially we can I've drawn that bit too far but when price

reactions from down here okay so yeah that's essentially it

to mitigate this four hour area of demand to then kick in for

down into the discount right this whole discounted range and

that are higher up in the leg but you would also have if I

market a charts in which would be valid for price to come back

it's mitigating it it's filling up those orders which means

all I just want you to kind of think about is just that

overlay you know multiple time frames and you're you're

you can see here it doesn't have to it can respect demand

can use it for information right that you can look for

reaction to come back to this minor demand zone and then

charts and we we would be very much interested in when price

comes back to it to then look for a potential high low to

demand zone and that is one that we would draw on our

is it's just causing a reaction price then comes back to

say it's minor is because it caused a break of this minor

zone because it led to that break of structure right it

very familiar with if you have done that testing right on the

structure we expect the four hour pull back how can we know

pair that you're looking at where you've you've you've

know we can think we can target down to discount that's pretty

these up here which I'm going to drag and drop over. So

old 4 hour swing high that would then is still fresh that

ahead of time right because this would be from all price

guessed we're going to use supply and demand. So just got

because of course we could take out that minor low it can just

supply demand concepts into that so of course when we see

break this low right if the bullish trend is going to stay

come down as low as it wants but in theory it shouldn't

both part of the leg that caused a break of structure so

we're going to look at other things right series of

character and then we get the true pullback so what is that

things to increase the probability of where might of

discount right so on and so forth we can start to use tools

the other thing that we can now introduce to our trading to

that you know this isn't a full signal and how can we that

chart it will most likely right be a big deep pullback on the

us time the end of swing runs and anticipate those swing

15 minute chart so that will most likely be a swing low on

break of structure so in reality what you'll see a lot

pause for you know a candle and then go or you could get a bit

that's why we're seeing here right supply just keeps failing

price then pulls down to the origin demand zone right the

a higher low and then we get that break of structure so what

that four hour pullback is a to kick in well the first thing

structure that four hour of character will most likely be a

then a week high up here the reason well when price breaks

we purely were just looking at market structure and we're

build on this even further by introducing supply and demand

a price action example right obviously drawn with with a

you guys should be very comfortable that a pure market

example and then we'll hop on the charts so this should be a

and like I said as we go on we're going to introduce more

in at the the best possible place right to know whether or

for price to come up to the original extreme which yeah it

always going to be higher it's mobile price it's higher up but

wish to trade the decisionals rather than potentially waiting

you want to call it and we will never ever know for certainty

and then we then go to then form that lower low and cause

shorts if we're wrong right and it fails well then that's it

low right we don't know where that higher low is going to

here right and this would be the origin this would be apex

also because if price comes up here right and we look for the

just cause a minor break of structure it's not a strong a

overall swing trend to form that lower low right and then

make price pull back so supply zone is created alright and you

so on and so forth we pull back up and this is where just like

valid obviously if price was to come up higher this zone is

price to hold right we make it a bit of a reaction but

points you know supply is actually stronger there just to

to stop price just smashing through and continuing that

supply right this is you know reasonably strong supply it's

low there so even though that's just a minor break of structure

demand zone because it never caused that swing break of

marked out where your swing points are and realize we are

that's enough for price to then fuel this move to the upside

structure and then zones that cause flips but we don't need

demand zones are literally created everywhere you know

is purely concentrating on those structural zones the

right the origin of the pullback but it's still a weak

around if you're just purely looking at supply and demand

think that this is a bullish trend but you haven't actually

information to manage your expectations of which way price

reaction now there's a whole spectrum of what you could

high so in the meantime right whilst we're then seeing demand

because it never took out the weak low it never caused a

very minor demand in here it pulls back and then breaks that

pullback right this section of price action within the bearish

being respected as those high lows and then coming back into

that's what is then translated into the price action why we

break that weak high and cause that higher high that demand

example down here right have a bit more of a complex pullback

shows that bearish order flow right in the order book and

structure at the same time what's happening is those

break that structure right potentially you know there can

high this demand level should hold should continue this

we expect that weak high to be taken and then price forms a

intact and that's what we see now we can just overlay our

higher high right so how do we bring in supply and demand to

of structure we expect price to pull back and we expect it can

demands that may be there because supply is being

pulls back up to it we expect supply to be respected we

highs are strong because they are taking out the lows they

are causing breaks of structure so when we get those pivot in

we have that confirmed high low and because it took out that

cause you know how significant are there yes supply stepped in

a bit of here because there will be some decent amount of

and then we can look for the true break of structure to

substructural breaks to the downside and that's why we get

demand is obviously created here but because then price

that pivot and that that movement in price direction

down and that's why we spent so long doing it because if you

market structure correct first and have that really nailed

a bullish trend we just can we just expect that bullish order

this concept now right price in a bullish trend makes high

from a very very basic market structure standpoint right just

and it can go there so this will just be something that

one time frame overlaying those strong demand zones around

in too much depth just yet but the point I just want to make

zones that cause breaks of structure so like before when

looking at the concepts of strong lows down here right and

to because in this case we have this initial demand zone right

up through that week high right this then becomes a strong low

and typically we call these the decisional demand zones so ones

few lessons shortly after so for now this lesson of course

that cause that break structure there so it's definitely valid

high and instead its job what do we expect well after a break

this entire swing right so in this case we have two we have

where price may pull back right we can overlay premium and

it could be multiple demand zones that were formed within

first and essentially all we are now do is building on those

that break of structure in reality in the market there's

generally more than sort of one demand zone in which you can

action we're just going to go over just a couple of examples

market so when price comes back into this newly created minor

no sell orders to stop price now just smashing straight up

demand stays intact okay so then when price actually causes

Okay so we've now looked at the mechanics behind the the order

high right at this point it never caused the break of

structure but then when supply here right those sell orders

sell orders within this weak supply zone it's a weak supply

right because it's filled enough of those orders those

zone because it never took out the low so all it's doing is

not a strong supply zone why is it not a strong supply zone

the movement back in we start to get our minor breaks of

of structure that cause supply here to fail and then we get

or weak right so loads of things that we can use loads of

of times like I said before all supply and demand zones will

zone within here but at the end of the last lesson what do we

directly want to enter on right but the the two main things

look at we looked at there being two main ways in which we

changes direction there will be a supply zone within here if

know a range then price breaks out whether it's just a pivot

every time there is a shift in price action whether that's you

how price moves right we don't those Utopian nice big swings

in price as we can see here right bit of a complex pullback

flow to continue right until it doesn't that's the expectation

demand is in control at those pivot points at those turning

down below a bit more of a realistic example of kind of

charts but what you should expect is you should not expect

then hop onto the actual charts in the next lesson and we'll go

the you know the price action and show you how it works in

zone that I have drawn on here right then becomes a strong

happening supply is overpowering demand so those

form to then the next swing run right to take out this week

after that pivot in price because it then goes on to

to worry about right now we're going to get into that in in a

that we'll be looking at is zones that cause breaks of

may want to build trade ideas around or zones that we may

concepts to increase the probability of zones that we

which we can use to validate whether a zone will be strong

this well as I was saying right in the previous lessons supply

you see price change direction here there will be a demand

just one candle so on and so forth right and then price

flow that then leads to price action that we see on our

supply and demand zones are then essentially yeah created

on our charts right so before we dive into actual price

price falls back it fails to take out the prior low so then

reality so very simply we should be very familiar with

highs and higher lows right we have the weak highs so price in

of the order flow right so we make higher highs higher lows

and demand so we're going to go through these and then we'll

examples by just overlaying what we now know about supply

through the price action and just apply the actual theory to

hopefully you have gone through the market structure lessons

those those concepts those theoretical concepts and

that you should be pretty familiar with now especially if

yeah and really see if we can put this all together

charts and we then looked at a lot more depth of how those