Original subtitles

Phs an indicator of acidity.

The body's blood ph is strictly regulated with and a narrow range between seven point

three five and seven point four five.

This is because even a minor change in acidity may have devastating effects on

protein stability and biochemical processes.

Normal cellular metabolism constantly produce uses and excretes carbon dioxide into

the blood.

Carbon dioxide combines with water to make carbonic acid which dissociate into

hydrogen ions and bicarbonate.

This is an equilibrium meaning all of the components of the left and right sides

coexist at all times

and the concentration of any comps conant is determined by that of others at any

given moment.

The rule of thumb is

an

increase in concentration of any component on one side will shift the equation to the

other side

leading to increased concentrations of all components on that side and vice versa.

This equilibrium is central to undersea hand acid base regulation.

Continued carbon dioxide production by all cells of the body drives the equilibrium

to the right

to generate more hydrogen ions.

Because ph is basically a function of hydrogen ion concentration

more hydrogen means higher acidity and lower ph.

Normal metabolism therefore constantly makes the blood more acidic.

The body must react to keep the blood ph within the normal limits.

This is achieved by to mechanisms.

Elimination of carbon dioxide through exhalation.

The amount of carbon dioxide exhaled by the lungs is regulated in response to changes

in acidity.

A decrease in phs sense by central or arterial chemo receptors and leads to deeper

fast her breathing

more carbon dioxide is exhaled

less hydrogen is made

blood acidity decreases

and blood ph returns to normal.

Pulmonary regulation is fast

use really effective within minutes to hours.

Excretion of hydrogen ions and reabsorption of bicarbonate through the kidneys.

The kidneys control blood ph by adjusting the amount of excrete at acids and

reabsorbed by carbonate

Reno regulation is slower

it usually takes days to respond to ph destroy urban says.

Although all of the plasma bicarbonate is filtered in the glomerulus during the first

step of your information

virtually all of it is reabsorbed back into the blood.

Most of this reabsorption happens in the proximal tubule.

The amount of reabsorbed by carbonate in the proximal tubule is regulated it via

number of mechanisms in response to changes in blood ph

it increases during acid loads and decreases during alkali loads.

While the proximal tubule basically returns filtered by carbonate back to the blood

the downstream collecting duct generates new bicarbonate by actively secrete

acids.

As protons are depleted from the distal tubular cells

the equation shifts to the right

producing more bicarbonate which then exits into the blood

hydrogen ions secreted into the lumen combine with urinary buffers mainly filtered

phosphate and ammonia to be excreted in urine.

The ammonia offering system is particularly important because unlike phosphate which

has filtered in fixed amounts from the plasma

and can be depleted during high acid loads

ammonia production is regulated in response to changes in acidity and its

concentration may increase several fold when necessary blood ph is the main reggae

slater of acid excretion but potassium chloride concentrations and several hormones

also play important roles.

Pathologic changes may cause acid based disturbances.

Acidosis refers to a process that causes increased acidity while alkalosis refers to

one that causes increased alkalinity yeah.

It's not uncommon for a patient to have several processes going on at once some of

them in opposite directions

the resulting plasma ph may be normal.

Too acidic called academia

or two basic called

al khali Mia.

Acidosis may result from inadequate function of the law young's which causes arterial

carbon dioxide to accumulate.

This is respiratory acidosis

on the other hand metabolic acidosis may result from excessive production of

metabolic acids

ingestion of acids

decreased ability of the kidneys to excrete acids

or loss of alkali

metabolic acidosis this is characterized by primary decrease in plasma bicarbonate.

Alkalosis can also be either respiratory or metabolic

respiratory alkalosis is caused by increased ventilation resulting in excessive

exhalation of carbon dioxide.

Metabolic alkalosis can result from excess loss of acids through the key kidneys or

gastrointestinal tract

bicarbonate retention

or ingestion of alkali.

Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by primary increase in plasma bicarbonate.

Thank you for watching

please feel free to suggest to topic you want US to cover by leaving a comment below.