All language subtitles for Queen Elizabeth II, 1926-2022

queen elizabeth ii of the uk and

commonwealth realms has died after a

reign of 70 years 214 days her majesty

passed away at her balmoral estate in

scotland on the afternoon of september 8

2022 she was 96 years old because of her

deterioration of health her family had

been called to her bedside and she was

surrounded by them when she died her son

charles is now king and his wife camilla

has officially been called queen consort

by the palace they will remain at

balmoral tonight and return to london in

the morning where the ascension council

will declare him king and announce what

his regal name will be elizabeth was the

longest reigning monarch in british

history and lived near the center of

many significant events in the last

century her life has spanned a world war

the end of the british empire

14 british prime ministers countless

social political and technological

changes and royal family upheavals four

out of five britons were not alive

before elizabeth was queen let's take a

look at her remarkable life

elizabeth was born on april 21st 1926 at

the london home of her maternal

grandparents her father prince albert

duke of york known as birdie was the

second son of king george v

and her mother elizabeth bose lyon was

the daughter of a minor scottish

aristocrat

after a difficult pregnancy baby

elizabeth had to be delivered by

emergency cesarean section a procedure

which was far less common than it is

today

bertie wrote to a cousin about his

newborn daughter she is too delicious

and is such a great joy to us both

elizabeth is progressing wonderfully

well and the baby is flourishing the

baby princess was baptized at buckingham

palace and named elizabeth after her

mother alexandra after king george v

mother who had died six months earlier

and mary after her paternal grandmother

who was queen consort at the time

she lived a quiet happy life with her

parents who preferred to raise her in a

flat in london rather than at a royal

palace

as a toddler she had trouble pronouncing

her own name so called herself lilibit

which remained a pet name within the

family she was especially adored by her

grandfather king george v whom she

affectionately called grandpa england

at four lillibit was joined by a younger

sister margaret she also arrived via

cesarean section and after both

difficult deliveries the duke and

duchess decided that their family was

complete with their two cherished

daughters there wasn't much pressure on

them to produce a male heir as at the

time everyone assumed that birdie's

older brother prince edward would marry

and someday pass the throne to his own

sons

though king george may have had an

inkling of what was to come he remarked

i pray to god that my eldest son will

never marry and have children and that

nothing will come between birdie and

lillibit on the throne

elizabeth and margaret were educated at

home by their mother and governess

at the time aristocratic girls were not

sent to school the duchess's own

education had ended when she was 13. but

despite this limitation she was a bright

and curious woman who read voraciously

she tutored her daughters in history

language literature and music both girls

were doted on by their parents who

presented them with a pembroke welsh

corgi named dookie the first of many pet

dogs elizabeth would adore

margaret inherited her mother's

devotion-winning charm and spontaneity

and became quite a mischief maker while

elizabeth took after her more reserved

shy and formal royal side winston

churchill said of the two-year-old

princess she has an air of authority and

reflectiveness astonishing in an infant

her cousin described her as a jolly

little girl but fundamentally sensible

and well behaved elizabeth particularly

resembled her paternal grandmother in

both appearance and temperament queen

mary was always more devoted to her

royal duties than her children but she

was a far better grandmother than mother

in january 1936 when elizabeth was nine

years old her grandfather king george v

died and her uncle became king edward

viii from the start the new monarch

obstinately refused to take his role

seriously he often left secret

government documents lying around his

country house for party guests to peruse

edward was obsessed with an american

wallace simpson who because she was

divorced would not be accepted as his

wife and queen by the government church

or the british people within a year of

his ascension edward used wallace as a

romantic excuse to give up the job he

had always dreaded he abdicated the

throne left the country and married

wallace

he never considered or even consulted

his younger brother bertie about dumping

the crown on his head when bertie told

his mother of the abdication he broke

down and sobbed like a child he was a

desperately shy man and suffered a

severe stutter he was worried that he

was unequal to the task but unlike his

brother he had a strong sense of

morality and duty and took up the heavy

mantle of monarchy becoming king george

vi

he was crowned in westminster abbey on

may 12 1937 the date which had been

planned for his brother's coronation

young elizabeth thus became the heir

presumptive

according to the succession laws of the

time if her parents did have a son then

he would overtake elizabeth's place in

the line to the throne so with that slim

possibility she was never officially

heir apparent for this same reason she

was never made princess of wales the

traditional title of the heir apparent

and she was never made princess royal

because her aunt princess mary was

holding that title but within the family

it was now clear that ten-year-old

elizabeth would someday be queen

in 1939 the now royal family of four

toured the royal naval college at

dartmouth a dashing 18 year old cadet

prince philip of greece and denmark was

assigned to escort 13 year old princess

elizabeth and her younger sister during

the tour he was their third cousin

through queen victoria and second cousin

through king christian ix of denmark

elizabeth was smitten and she and philip

began exchanging letters as the young

naval officer was shipped off to fight

in world war ii

despite their hesitations george vi and

elizabeth were an exceptional king and

queen and became exceedingly popular

during the war they toured the country

extensively visiting bombed

neighborhoods and munitions factories to

boost morale queen elizabeth was so

revered that hitler called her the most

dangerous woman in europe the couple

remained in london even after buckingham

palace was bombed and they narrowly

escaped with their lives

after a nazi plot to kidnap princesses

elizabeth and margaret was uncovered the

prime minister recommended that the

girls be evacuated to canada but their

mother refused stating the children

won't go without me i won't leave

without the king and the king will never

leave they did decide to send the girls

to the safer location of windsor castle

25 miles outside of london and close

enough for them to visit their daughters

on weekends

elizabeth and margaret remained at

windsor for five years the wartime

castle was dark and depressing as was

most of the nation but the princesses

did their best to keep up morale they

staged christmas pantomimes for the

local children and raised money for the

queen's wool fund which made warm winter

garments for soldiers

at 14 elizabeth made her first radio

broadcast during bbc's children's hour

she addressed and encouraged other

children to be brave during terrifying

air raids and evacuations from their

homes

at 19 elizabeth became a driver and

mechanic for the women's auxiliary

territorial service the women's branch

of the british military on may 8 1945

the nazis were defeated and the

bloodiest war in human history finally

came to an end

teenage elizabeth and margaret were

granted permission by their parents to

go out on the streets of london

incognito and celebrate with the people

elizabeth recalled later lines of

unknown people linking arms and walking

down whitehall all of us just swept

along on the tide of happiness and

relief all this time elizabeth had been

corresponding with philip who was now a

lieutenant and a decorated war hero once

back in the uk he reconnected with

elizabeth and their childhood friendship

blossomed into a romance

her parents were not enthusiastic about

the match philip was a prince without a

country he was a descendant of the greek

royal family who had been exiled when he

was a baby though philip had been raised

primarily in the uk by his british

grandmother his four sisters had been

raised in germany and two of his

brothers-in-law were nazis

in the summer of 1947

philip asked the king for his daughter's

hand in marriage

george agreed but requested that the

announcement be delayed until

elizabeth's 21st birthday the following

april in the meantime philip renounced

his greek and danish royal titles

converted to anglicanism and officially

took the surname mountbatten from his

british relatives

to distract their daughter the king and

queen brought her with them on a state

visit to south africa

there they attempted it to promote unity

amidst growing tensions between black

and white people during the tour

princess elizabeth took the opportunity

to give a speech swearing her loyalty to

the service of her people

the tour was grueling and the goal of

unity was a failure a year later the

africana nationalist party took over the

country and established apartheid

around the world the once vast british

empire was changing with many former

colonies declaring independence king

george accepted with grace the

disillusion relinquishing his various

foreign titles of emperor and king and

taking up the new title of head of the

commonwealth with pride

elizabeth and philip were married in

westminster abbey on the morning of

november 20th 1947. as britain was still

enduring poverty and rationing after the

war the government advised a low-key

wedding elizabeth bought the silk for

her dress with war ration coupons but

the people were thrilled to have

something to celebrate after the many

years of hardship

the happy couple spent their honeymoon

at balmoral castle in scotland they

brought elizabeth's corgi susan with

them they then took up residence at

clarence house the traditional london

home of the heir to the throne since

king william iv

six days before their first anniversary

elizabeth gave birth to their first

child charles

king george issued letters patent

allowing elizabeth's children to use the

style and title of royal prince or

princess

as female line descendants they were not

automatically entitled to this rite

philip was still a naval officer and was

posted several times to the british

colony of malta the couple left charles

with his grandparents and enjoyed some

of the most carefree times of their

marriage on the mediterranean island

elizabeth was free from the pressure of

the royal family and able to live a

simpler life as the wife of a naval

officer attending beach parties and

dances

in 1950 they welcomed their second child

anne

king george was diagnosed with lung

cancer after years of smoking and stress

as his health began to decline elizabeth

as his heir took up more royal duties

these many duties kept elizabeth away

from her children and young charles once

didn't recognize his mother

she had a nursery train car outfitted so

that charles and ann could travel with

her at least while she was in britain

in 1952 it was decided that the king was

too ill to undertake an extensive tour

of the commonwealth so elizabeth and

philip were sent in his place

george waived his daughter farewell at

the airport

went to the sandringham estate with his

wife and daughter margaret and died a

few days later

in kenya elizabeth and philip had just

returned from a camping trip when word

of the king's death reached them philip

broke the news gently to his wife who

was heartbroken as the heir

automatically ascends the throne upon

the death of the monarch she had already

been queen for several hours without

knowing it when asked what her regal

name would be she replied elizabeth of

course

and so she became elizabeth ii

following the 16th century queen of the

same name

both were 25 when their reigns began

many scots were unhappy with the title

of their new queen as scotland had not

been united with england until the reign

of james the first and sixth after the

death of elizabeth the first so the new

queen was actually the first queen

elizabeth of scotland

she returned immediately to the uk to

attend her father's funeral and to take

up her new role as sovereign on the 2nd

of june

1953 elizabeth walked into westminster

abbey decked in the centuries-old crown

jewels and regalia and took the solemn

coronation oath hers was the first

coronation to be televised and spurred

thousands to buy their first tvs

philip now officially at prince consort

organized much of the ceremony in the uk

the husbands of queens regnend or queens

in their own right are barred from

taking the title king

but queen victoria had taken her

husband's last name of soxy koberg and

gotha philip's uncle louis mountbatten

made toast to the new mountbatten

dynasty but prime minister winston

churchill advised elizabeth to keep the

royal name windsor

philip privately complained that he was

the only man in the country not allowed

to give his name to his own children

they had a conventional 1950s marriage

and philip was uncomfortable playing a

subordinate role to his wife in public

in compensation elizabeth let phillip

call the shots when it came to their

children and he was often harsh on

charles he insisted that his son attend

his own alma mater gordenstein a spartan

boarding school in northern scotland

charles was miserable and bullied there

queen elizabeth was soon inundated with

the many royal duties demanding her

attention as a constitutional monarch

the government is formed in her name but

she is barred from expressing political

opinion publicly she is still very much

involved in the background she receives

daily red boxes filled with reports on

the goings-on of the nation and she

meets weekly with the prime minister

during which she may advise and warn

when necessary twice in 1957 and 1963

elizabeth was required to appoint a

prime minister as the conservative party

had no formal mechanism for electing a

leader of its own both times she was

criticized for her choice and the party

has since amended their practices to

keep the queen above politics

following the coronation elizabeth and

philip embarked on a seven-month tour of

the commonwealth elizabeth became the

face of the commonwealth around the

world and not just on stamps with the

jet age she has been able to go into

dozens of countries in person on state

visits

she is the head of state of the 16

nations in the commonwealth realms the

realms are part of the commonwealth of

nations a political affiliation of 53

nations former british colonies who do

not recognize the queen as head of state

the queen was discouraged from visiting

ghana in 1961 as her host president

kwame nkrumah was a target of

assassination elizabeth dismissed fears

for her own safety and went on the trip

anyway winning over ghana and preventing

unkuma from allying with the soviet

union and giving them a foothold in

africa

the queen continued to have a close but

complex relationship with her sister

margaret

she wished to marry peter townsend a

divorcee 16 years her senior

elizabeth was head of the church of

england which did not permit divorcees

to remarry so she continuously put off

granting her sister permission to marry

until margaret had no choice but to give

townsend up margaret later married a

more acceptable match photographer

anthony armstrong jones whom the queen

created earl of snowden the couple had a

tumultuous relationship and elizabeth

was often a surrogate mother and

steadying force to her nephew david and

niece sarah

elizabeth and philip had their own rough

patch in the late 1950s in 1956 philip

went on a tour without his wife aboard

the royal yacht britannia during which

he opened the 1956 summer olympic games

in australia rumors of infidelity

followed the prince but by 1960 a decade

after the birth of princess anne the

couple had patched things up and added

to their family with the birth of prince

andrew prince edward followed in 1964.

in 1966 a mining disaster in the welsh

village of aberfan cost the lives of 144

people most of them children prince

philip visited the village the next day

but the queen hesitated for a week she

feared that her visit would distract

from recovery efforts but her lack of

response was considered callous and is

now one of the biggest regrets of her

reign

in 1969 the queen's eldest child charles

was invested as prince of wales in a

fanciful ceremony at carnarvon castle

the 1970s and 80s were difficult decades

for the monarchy for a thousand years

the institution had for the most part

been treated with great respect but as

the nation experienced a devastating

recession more and more britons were

questioning the place of the archaic

monarchy in the modern world punk band

the sex pistols released the song god

save the queen a searing criticism of

her majesty in 1977

during her silver jubilee celebration

despite being banned on bbc radio the

song became a huge hit and reached

number two on the uk singles chart in

1981 while riding her horse during her

birthday trooping of the colors

elizabeth was shot at six times at close

range

she was shot at again in new zealand a

few months later in 1982 the queen woke

up to find a strange man in her bedroom

at buckingham palace after a short chat

with the man she called for security

throughout the 70s prince charles had an

affair with a vivacious young woman

named camilla but it became clear that

the royal family would not accept a

marriage between them camilla wasn't

from the right sort of family royals

pressured her to marry her old boyfriend

andrew parker-bowles but she and the

prince continued an on off relationship

even as charles married the woman

hand-picked for him diana spencer she

was demure and beautiful a fairy tale

princess

but the public didn't see the

unhappiness in her marriage until later

on her honeymoon charles was more

interested in reading than in his new

bride he tried to stay away from camilla

at first but they rekindled their affair

the queen had very little sympathy for

her lonely daughter-in-law as she had

been born into royalty she couldn't

relate to how difficult it was for diana

to transition from a private life to

constant royal duties and media scrutiny

diana became incredibly popular with the

people both for her glamour and for her

charity work so as the unhappiness of

their marriage was exposed charles and

camilla got the blame that same year in

1992

two of the queen's other children split

up with their partners

princess anne's husband mark phillips

was discovered to have fathered a child

by another woman and anne's love letters

to another man were published

prince andrew's marriage to sarah

ferguson also hit the rocks sarah was

unhappy being left alone for months at a

time while andrew served as a naval

pilot again the queen couldn't

sympathize as her time as a naval wife

had been the happiest of her life sarah

was photographed sunbathing topless

while her financial manager sucked her

toes and the marriage ended soon after

the queen called 1992 her honest

horribilists or horrible year because on

top of all the drama with her children

her favorite home and namesake windsor

castle caught fire and was partially

destroyed when it was announced that

taxpayers would foot the repair bills

the public was outraged the queen was

already exempt from paying tax on her

massive fortune on top of receiving

millions of pounds a year from the

government the queen finally conceded

that she would pay income tax and pay

allowances to minor royals from her own

pocket the amount of taxpayer funds the

british royals receive how much private

wealth they actually have and what

political influence they may have used

to protect it remain controversial

in 1997 diana was killed in a car crash

in paris while being chased by paparazzi

at the time elizabeth was on holiday at

balmoral castle with her grandsons

william and harry the outpouring of

grief around the world was enormous but

was met with silence from the queen who

remained hidden for over a week she was

more concerned with supporting her

grandsons who had just lost their mother

but her lack of public response was seen

as cold-hearted and out of touch

in 2002 elizabeth celebrated her golden

jubilee marking 50 years on the throne

later that year she lost both her mother

at 101 and her sister margaret at 71.

in 2005 charles was finally able to

marry the woman he had loved all along

camilla

charles's eldest son prince william

married university friend and commoner

catherine middleton their glamorous

wedding and popularity have gone a long

way to win back the hearts of the public

just before the birth of their first

child a new succession to the crown act

was passed changing from male preference

primogeniture to absolute primogeniture

which gives daughters equal importance

to sons in the line of succession

prince andrew came under fire for his

friendship with sex trafficker jeffrey

epstein and was accused of having sex

with an underage girl he has since been

asked to step out of the public eye and

has given up all of his charity

patronages

charles's second son prince harry

announced that he and his wife american

actress meghan markle would be stepping

down as senior members of the royal

family their explosive interview with

oprah winfrey carefully praised the

queen but accusations of racism and

ignoring megan's distressed mental

health were levied against unnamed

members of the royal family

on april 9 2021

prince philip the queen's husband and

companion of 73 years died just two

months shy of his 100th birthday he was

laid to rest at windsor castle

despite the many scandals among the

british royal family the 96 year old

queen remained popular though she had a

reputation for formality and a stiff

upper lip she was renowned for her

personal touch and her good sense of

humor she was also noted for her

brightly colored outfits and matching

hats this was a fashion she adopted from

her mother who felt that she should be

easy to spot in a crowd in 2022

elizabeth celebrated her 70-year

platinum jubilee queen elizabeth died

peacefully on the afternoon of september

8 2022 surrounded by her family the

united kingdom and commonwealth realms

now has a new king

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