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Between 1939 and 1940,
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Hitler crushed Europe.
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Then he launched
Operation Barbarossa,
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the invasion of
the Soviet Union.
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On September 6th, 1941, Hitler
issues his directive Number 35,
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under the code name Typhoon,
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the attack on Moscow.
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Like all Germans, Hans Baur,
Hitler's personal pilot,
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is confident.
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No doubt about it, the
Wehrmacht will defeat the
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Russian army.
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The Führer will
defeat the Red Tzar.
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This will be the decisive fight.
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After three months of fighting,
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the German advance on the
three axes of attack has made
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its way inside Russia.
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Leningrad is surrounded,
Moscow is threatened.
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In the south, Kharkiv,
the major Ukrainian city,
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is under siege.
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In Kharkiv, the
sixth German army,
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whose objective is further away,
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first Stalingrad,
then Baku for oil,
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encounters fierce
Russian resistance.
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The Red Army has already
lost three million soldiers.
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Yet, miraculously, it
keeps up the fight.
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For Hitler, passing through
his chalet in the Bavarian Alps,
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the Berghof, these are
only the last battles before
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the final victory.
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Eva Braun, his hidden mistress,
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his guests, and the immense
majority of Germans believe
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that Hitler has
always been successful,
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and that he will
continue to succeed.
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He is a charming, gallant man,
and no one suspects,
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or wants to suspect, the horrors
committed under his orders,
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since the beginning
of the invasion,
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such as the
massacre of the Jews.
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Who dares say a word?
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Only in the privacy of the
home will a German soldier,
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returning on leave,
speak of his war.
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Families discover
that their husbands,
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fathers, and sons are
following criminal orders on
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the Eastern Front.
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Soldiers tell of the
unleashing of anti-Semitism in
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Ukraine, legitimized by Hitler.
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The malaise makes
its way up the ladder.
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Hitler's generals believe that
it may damage the morale of
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both the troops and
the German people.
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Additionally, the
executions of civilians,
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of women and children, in
what is known today as the
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Holocaust by bullets, use
up too much ammunition.
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Chief executioner
Heinrich Himmler
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has commissioned
designs for death factories.
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Nazi engineers are working
on plans for a large-scale
killing process,
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with gas chambers
and crematoriums.
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Auschwitz, in Poland, is one
of six extermination camps,
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At Auschwitz, some of the
prisoners work for German
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industrialist IG Farben.
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The others are gassed.
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This is what the Nazis
call the Final Solution.
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Work sets one free
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But he still must defeat Stalin.
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Yesterday's
enemies are today's allies.
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An Englishman, Stafford Cripps,
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appointed by Churchill
as ambassador to Moscow,
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comes to conclude a
military alliance.
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Molotov, Stalin's shadow,
reminds the Russian leader:
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"Let's not delude ourselves."
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The capitalists
still want to kill us,
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"but they need us."
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On September 30, 1941, three
months after the start of the
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German invasion, General
Guderian's 2nd, 3rd, and
4th Panzer divisions,
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already victorious in the
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Battle of France, continue
their relentless march towards
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the Soviet capital.
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Moscow is in a state of panic
as early snow falls on the city.
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Thousands of
Muscovites try to flee.
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The administration and the
diplomatic corps are evacuated.
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As in the Politburo,
the seat of power.
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On October 17th, 1941, Russian
journalist Leonid Timofeev
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"notes:" The population
doesn't hide its hostile,
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contemptuous attitude
towards its leaders.
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They have abandoned us.
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"People are bitter,
they feel betrayed."
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Stalin, however, stays put.
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He orders resistance to the end.
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The city's countless
loudspeakers broadcast
this song:
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"We will drive a
bullet into the forehead,
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of the putrid fascist vermin!"
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Muscovites are requisitioned
to build barriers.
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But can they stop
Guderian's tanks?
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The last able-bodied
men are mobilized.
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Many of them are workers from
the capital's arms factories,
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who have received orders to
destroy their machines so that
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they don't fall into
the hands of the Nazis.
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Few even know how
to handle a rifle.
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But where is the Red Army?
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It was just defeated in Kharkiv,
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to the south of Moscow,
on October 24th, 1941.
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The German newsreels show
hundreds of thousands of
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Russian prisoners.
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Paradoxically, this
worries the spectators.
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In the cinemas, they
whisper to each other:
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"We already have restrictions
and ration cards.
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How will we ever
feed all these men?"
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As usual, Hitler simply
lets them starve to death.
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"He says:" We are
fighting an enemy that
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does not consist
of human beings,
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"but of animals or beasts."
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Hitler arrives at
his headquarters,
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The Wolf's Lair near
the Russian border.
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First, he orders a
massive bombing of Moscow.
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The bombings take
place night after night,
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The Muscovites take
cover in the subway,
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the world's most
beautiful subway,
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the people's temple, as
intended by the regime.
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November 6th, 1941.
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Everyone sleeping in the
huge Mayakovsky station,
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named after the
eminent Russian poet,
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is evicted by the police.
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Stalin arrives on
a subway train.
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Sheltered underground
in this flowery setting,
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under a large bust of Lenin,
Stalin wants to show everyone
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that the Soviet
State is still standing.
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The Communist Party leaders
who didn't flee are gathered
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on chairs stolen from
the Bolshoi Theater.
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They applaud at length.
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One should never be the
first to stop clapping.
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The dignitaries are there,
next to the most fearsome man
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of all, police chief Beria.
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00:09:46,159 --> 00:09:49,120
Stalin signals Pronin,
to stop clapping.
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Stalin's speech
is highly awaited.
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He pessimistically states:
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00:10:01,360 --> 00:10:05,600
"Comrades! After four months of
war, I must emphasize that this"
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00:10:05,679 --> 00:10:08,679
danger has not
only not grown less,
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"but, on the contrary,
has even increased."
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After a long speech, they launch
into a heartfelt rendition
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00:10:19,440 --> 00:10:22,840
of The Internationale,
the revolutionary anthem.
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00:10:29,480 --> 00:10:32,679
At dawn on November 7th,
the following morning,
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00:10:32,759 --> 00:10:35,679
snow and fog ground the
German bomber planes.
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00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:38,600
But for how long?
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00:10:38,679 --> 00:10:42,000
Stalin emerges from his
shelter for the cameras.
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Only for a few minutes, just
enough time to defy Hitler.
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It is the
anniversary of the
Bolshevik takeover of 1917.
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00:10:54,360 --> 00:10:56,919
Meager troops march in the
traditional parade before
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returning to combat.
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Safe in his shelter,
Stalin rallies the masses by
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remembering old Czarist
heroes like Alexander Nevsky,
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Russia's medieval savior,
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conqueror of the
Teutonic knights,
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who had already come from
across the Germanic plains.
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00:11:24,840 --> 00:11:27,399
The German
advance is relentless.
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00:11:41,399 --> 00:11:43,120
Lieutenant August von Kageneck,
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00:11:43,200 --> 00:11:47,480
tank commander of a
reconnaissance unit, attests:
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00:11:47,559 --> 00:11:50,080
"We did not
doubt our superiority."
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We still believed in a swift
victory over the Russians,
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even though our numbers
were greatly diminished.
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Even if the rows of graves
that lined our path were
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getting longer...
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"Come on, one last effort,
and we can go home!"
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00:12:12,879 --> 00:12:16,440
The front now is
dangerously close to Moscow.
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00:12:18,360 --> 00:12:22,039
But the Russian climate now
comes to Stalin's rescue,
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exacerbating the
already unrealistic
German invasion plan.
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The weather is milder,
and torrential rains
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pour down on the front.
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00:12:34,240 --> 00:12:37,240
This is the Rasputitsa,
the November rain season,
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also called the Sea of Mud.
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The German propaganda machine
gladly shows these images,
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00:12:47,960 --> 00:12:50,960
to justify the
slowing-down of operations.
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00:12:51,519 --> 00:12:55,120
"You see," these films say,
"it is not the Red Army
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stopping us, It is the mud."
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The Nazi leaders begin to worry.
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On November 8, 1941,
they meet up,
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as they do each year, in the
Munich brewery where Hitler
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had attempted to
seize power 20 years ago.
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Hitler comes to
reassure his followers.
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"He says:" Never before has a
gigantic empire been shattered
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and defeated in a shorter
time than the Soviet Union
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"has been this time."
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However, some voices
cautiously suggest that
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everything should be
stopped and that a
solution should be found.
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Hitler then blames
Stalin for the conflict.
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"He concludes:" The war can
last as long as Stalin wants,
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but the last battalion on
the field will be German."
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The first attempt on Hitler's
life took place in this brewery.
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There will be 42 in all.
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Mainly bombs, which he
miraculously always
manages to avoid.
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He is especially wary of poison.
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No gift or food can be touched
without first being tested.
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In his residence
kitchens and headquarters,
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or like here at the Wolf's Lair,
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young women are
requisitioned by the SS.
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They are tasters,
earning a monthly wage,
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the salary of fear.
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In Russia, hell is icy.
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It does not burn, it freezes.
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As of November 15, 1941,
after the mud,
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the temperature drops
to minus 4 Fahrenheit.
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00:15:01,559 --> 00:15:04,399
There are no winter uniforms!
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00:15:04,919 --> 00:15:07,480
Hitler believed the Russians
wouldn't last three weeks,
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00:15:07,559 --> 00:15:10,840
but they have
resisted for five months!
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00:15:12,279 --> 00:15:15,559
General Guderian and his
tanks struggle in the snow.
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00:15:25,440 --> 00:15:29,639
Hitler has himself filmed at a
winter equipment exhibition.
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00:15:31,720 --> 00:15:33,919
How does he rationalize
the ordeal of hundreds of
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00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:38,559
thousands of young Germans?
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00:15:45,799 --> 00:15:49,279
This shocks the Germans.
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00:15:50,039 --> 00:15:52,679
How could the Führer have let
our soldiers face such cold,
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in their lightweight
uniforms from June 22nd?
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00:16:04,480 --> 00:16:08,399
Meanwhile, the propaganda
machine asks them to smile.
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00:16:18,679 --> 00:16:22,039
Occupied Europe must
also make its contribution.
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00:16:26,200 --> 00:16:28,799
Lustra, a Brussels
family business,
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receives a huge order
for rabbit skin jackets.
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This saves their workers and
families from the death camps.
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00:16:39,360 --> 00:16:42,360
Ribbentrop, Hitler's
Minister of Foreign Affairs,
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00:16:42,440 --> 00:16:45,159
and his brother-in-law,
named Director of Champagne
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00:16:45,240 --> 00:16:48,840
in occupied France, sets up a
successful alcohol delivery to
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the Eastern Front.
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00:17:08,400 --> 00:17:12,359
On November 25th,
1941, Hitler returns to Berlin,
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to his imposing chancellery.
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00:17:16,680 --> 00:17:18,680
During a ceremony
of alliance renewal,
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00:17:18,759 --> 00:17:20,839
he continues to reassure.
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00:17:20,920 --> 00:17:24,319
He will rid the Russian
soil of its inhabitants.
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00:17:25,480 --> 00:17:29,119
"He says:" The goal of my
Eastern policy is for
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00:17:29,200 --> 00:17:33,440
100 million Germans to settle
in this colonized land."
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00:17:35,839 --> 00:17:38,799
The first German settlers,
welcomed with great fanfare,
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00:17:38,880 --> 00:17:42,920
arrive in the summer of
1941, along with the invasion.
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00:17:43,799 --> 00:17:46,000
They are mostly peasants,
in charge of taking over the
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collective farms.
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They are shocked
by the miserable,
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hostile environment.
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00:17:56,400 --> 00:18:01,000
"Hitler says:" We must get used
to the idea that we should not
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00:18:01,079 --> 00:18:03,880
scour the dominated
population every day,
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00:18:03,960 --> 00:18:07,680
"nor try to instill in them a
sense of German cleanliness."
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00:18:10,400 --> 00:18:13,680
Children also populate
Russia and its "living space".
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00:18:14,079 --> 00:18:17,359
Those who are deemed "racially
correct" are rounded up from
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00:18:17,440 --> 00:18:20,880
orphanages and even
taken from Russian families.
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00:18:23,920 --> 00:18:27,160
In Germany, another aspect
of Hitler's racial policy,
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00:18:27,240 --> 00:18:30,000
since coming to power,
is the Lebensborn program,
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00:18:30,079 --> 00:18:32,680
the "Fountain of Life."
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The SS impregnates
selected young girls,
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00:18:37,359 --> 00:18:39,559
to provide the Reich
with future blond,
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00:18:39,640 --> 00:18:42,240
blue-eyed SS officers.
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00:18:42,319 --> 00:18:44,799
The girls are subjected to the
German doctrine of the
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00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:49,680
"three K's": Kinder,
Küche, and Kirche.
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00:18:50,359 --> 00:18:53,720
Children, Kitchen, and Church.
245
00:18:54,559 --> 00:18:57,359
After being indoctrinated
through the Hitler Youth,
246
00:18:57,440 --> 00:19:00,559
the boys are mobilized as
auxiliaries of the Flak,
247
00:19:00,640 --> 00:19:02,720
the German
anti-aircraft defense,
248
00:19:02,799 --> 00:19:05,559
attacked almost
nightly by British bombers.
249
00:19:18,920 --> 00:19:23,160
In the cold autumn of 1941,
the Germans spend their nights
250
00:19:23,240 --> 00:19:27,279
in shelters, praying to
return home in the morning.
251
00:19:32,680 --> 00:19:35,880
From his train, Hitler
summons his first accomplice,
252
00:19:35,960 --> 00:19:39,440
Germany's master of aviation
and anti-aircraft defense,
253
00:19:39,519 --> 00:19:41,880
Reichmarshall Goering.
254
00:19:43,240 --> 00:19:45,839
Goering had imprudently said
that no enemy aircraft would
255
00:19:45,920 --> 00:19:49,000
ever fly in the Reich's skies.
256
00:19:49,799 --> 00:19:53,240
Major von Below,
aide-de-camp, greets Goering.
257
00:19:53,319 --> 00:19:55,920
He recounts the meeting.
258
00:19:58,000 --> 00:19:59,720
Goering is very
popular; therefore,
259
00:19:59,799 --> 00:20:02,279
Hitler curbs his criticism.
260
00:20:05,359 --> 00:20:08,559
"He only bitterly tells him:" I
will have to take care of the
261
00:20:08,640 --> 00:20:11,519
Flak cannons myself!"
262
00:20:12,599 --> 00:20:14,960
Goering replies that all the
aircraft are needed on the
263
00:20:15,039 --> 00:20:17,000
Eastern Front.
264
00:20:17,079 --> 00:20:20,400
Russia is large and
its sky is immense.
265
00:20:21,000 --> 00:20:24,359
There are no longer enough
fighters to defend the Reich!
266
00:20:25,759 --> 00:20:28,640
One of the men in
charge of Germany's
aeronautical production,
267
00:20:28,720 --> 00:20:31,160
General Udet,
commits suicide after
268
00:20:31,240 --> 00:20:34,319
sinking into alcoholism.
269
00:20:34,400 --> 00:20:36,599
He was the most
famous German pilot,
270
00:20:36,680 --> 00:20:40,240
a World War I ace, and
an aerobatics champion.
271
00:20:42,839 --> 00:20:46,759
Could his lavish
funeral be a bad omen?
272
00:20:51,079 --> 00:20:55,200
Hitler will lead
Germany into a world war.
273
00:20:56,319 --> 00:20:58,839
He hesitates.
274
00:20:58,920 --> 00:21:01,319
For four days.
275
00:21:01,400 --> 00:21:04,599
Then he appears before
the Nazi parliament.
276
00:21:07,279 --> 00:21:11,880
On December 11th, 1941, six
months after invading Russia,
277
00:21:11,960 --> 00:21:15,200
the Führer solemnly announces
that Germany is declaring war
278
00:21:15,279 --> 00:21:18,640
on the United States.
279
00:21:20,359 --> 00:21:23,799
The Reich stands in solidarity
with its Japanese ally,
280
00:21:23,880 --> 00:21:26,119
who attacked America
at Pearl Harbor on
281
00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:29,240
December 7, 1941.
282
00:21:35,920 --> 00:21:38,319
He fires his
army's Chief of Staff,
283
00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:41,799
Field Marshal Von Brauchitsch,
and takes his place.
284
00:21:45,960 --> 00:21:50,640
German soldiers are dead,
wounded, captured,
frozen, or missing.
285
00:21:59,759 --> 00:22:03,680
The following day,
December 12th, 1941,
286
00:22:03,759 --> 00:22:06,200
Hitler receives the
head of the Dutch Nazis,
287
00:22:06,279 --> 00:22:09,720
Anton Mussert, who recruits
men for what will be
288
00:22:09,799 --> 00:22:12,440
called "The Crusade
against Bolshevism".
289
00:22:16,640 --> 00:22:20,039
Germany's newsreels celebrate
the meeting between
290
00:22:20,119 --> 00:22:22,240
Hitler and Jozef Tiso.
291
00:22:22,319 --> 00:22:24,960
A "National Catholic"
anti-Semitic priest,
292
00:22:25,039 --> 00:22:29,599
Tiso presides over Slovakia,
established during Hitler's
293
00:22:29,680 --> 00:22:32,480
dismemberment of Czechoslovakia.
294
00:22:32,920 --> 00:22:36,480
Tiso promises to send
soldiers to Russia.
295
00:22:38,160 --> 00:22:40,200
Hitler enlists the
help of General Franco,
296
00:22:40,279 --> 00:22:43,279
who had defeated the Spanish
Republic with his help.
297
00:22:44,759 --> 00:22:48,720
Franco cautiously refuses
to engage in the war on
Germany's side.
298
00:22:48,799 --> 00:22:51,240
He merely sends
20,000 Phalangists,
299
00:22:51,319 --> 00:22:54,319
fanatical fascists, to Russia.
300
00:22:54,839 --> 00:22:59,400
These men form the
Azul or blue division,
301
00:22:59,480 --> 00:23:03,920
and fight alongside the Germans,
shouting Viva la Muerte!
302
00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:07,559
"Long live Death!"
303
00:23:12,759 --> 00:23:15,519
Other volunteers
pour in under the Nazi banner.
304
00:23:22,160 --> 00:23:26,079
At the Legion of French
Volunteers recruitment
office in Paris,
305
00:23:26,160 --> 00:23:29,119
ideology is not the only
reason for the influx of
306
00:23:29,200 --> 00:23:33,480
men, young and old,
over the past months.
307
00:23:35,119 --> 00:23:38,000
They are often unemployed,
required to show a certificate
308
00:23:38,079 --> 00:23:41,039
proving that they are not Jews.
309
00:23:43,240 --> 00:23:47,559
Nazi Collaboration
fanatics supervise them.
310
00:23:50,279 --> 00:23:52,680
Before leaving, they
sing the Marseillaise,
311
00:23:52,759 --> 00:23:54,279
surrounded by Germans.
312
00:23:57,599 --> 00:24:01,519
"Pétain sends them this
message: "Don't forget that
313
00:24:01,599 --> 00:24:04,920
you hold a piece of
our military honor."
314
00:24:06,359 --> 00:24:09,440
In December 1941,
3000 of these men,
315
00:24:09,519 --> 00:24:13,319
in German uniforms, end up in
the snow on the Eastern Front.
316
00:24:14,079 --> 00:24:17,359
One of them,
Marc Augier, writes:
317
00:24:17,440 --> 00:24:22,079
"Absolute despair.
Absolute cold."
318
00:24:22,519 --> 00:24:24,319
Nothing moves anymore.
319
00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:25,839
The birds are dead.
320
00:24:25,920 --> 00:24:27,759
The trees too.
321
00:24:27,839 --> 00:24:31,319
Men only move to
perform essential functions.
322
00:24:33,799 --> 00:24:37,079
Any man to fall asleep
dies in that position,
323
00:24:37,160 --> 00:24:41,000
"sitting, standing,
lying or crouching."
324
00:24:47,400 --> 00:24:50,640
Moscow, December 1941.
325
00:24:50,720 --> 00:24:54,920
Word spreads that the Germans
are back on the move.
326
00:24:57,240 --> 00:25:00,480
The last residents of
Moscow, plagued by misfortune,
327
00:25:00,559 --> 00:25:02,519
forced to do the
worst defense work,
328
00:25:02,599 --> 00:25:05,880
continue to be blasted
with this patriotic anthem.
329
00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:17,440
According to the propaganda,
it announces the arrival of
330
00:25:17,519 --> 00:25:20,400
"the Soviet people's best sons,
331
00:25:20,480 --> 00:25:23,440
come to defend Moscow".
332
00:25:24,559 --> 00:25:26,759
Regiments from
Siberia arrive in warm,
333
00:25:26,839 --> 00:25:28,599
white clothes.
334
00:25:28,680 --> 00:25:32,079
Stalin has urgently
sent them to Moscow.
335
00:25:32,559 --> 00:25:35,720
Vassily Grossman, the war
correspondent, writes:
336
00:25:35,799 --> 00:25:38,200
"Siberians are more stocky,"
337
00:25:38,279 --> 00:25:40,359
more reserved, sterner.
338
00:25:40,440 --> 00:25:43,279
They are hunters, they
are more disciplined,
339
00:25:43,359 --> 00:25:46,480
"more used to cold and hardship."
340
00:25:49,119 --> 00:25:51,880
The T34 tank, a
formidable machine,
341
00:25:51,960 --> 00:25:54,039
appears on the scene.
342
00:25:54,119 --> 00:25:56,720
It is proof that Stalin's
Russia has extraordinary
343
00:25:56,799 --> 00:25:59,200
industrial reserves.
344
00:25:59,279 --> 00:26:02,599
Its factories, relocated
under cover far to the East,
345
00:26:02,680 --> 00:26:06,240
produce 200 per month.
346
00:26:07,920 --> 00:26:10,680
Its oblique armor is
immune to anti-tank guns,
347
00:26:10,759 --> 00:26:13,920
making it every German
soldier's nightmare.
348
00:26:16,920 --> 00:26:22,039
"Lieutenant Von Kageneck
writes: "We had lost our
349
00:26:22,119 --> 00:26:25,000
perception of
absolute superiority.
350
00:26:25,079 --> 00:26:28,720
The Russians were infinitely
better equipped than we were.
351
00:26:29,519 --> 00:26:32,599
We shifted from one
improvisation to another.
352
00:26:32,680 --> 00:26:36,319
"Our idea of the enemy
was completely changing."
353
00:26:52,839 --> 00:26:56,319
Guderian's tanks reach the end
of the bus line leading to
354
00:26:56,400 --> 00:27:00,079
Red Square, visible
with binoculars.
355
00:27:21,799 --> 00:27:24,359
All hell suddenly breaks loose.
356
00:27:24,440 --> 00:27:27,240
Russia has a new weapon, a
multiple rocket launcher,
357
00:27:27,319 --> 00:27:31,279
which the Germans
nickname "Stalin's organ".
358
00:27:38,440 --> 00:27:41,920
This weapon has a
devastating effect on the
German soldiers' morale.
359
00:27:45,440 --> 00:27:46,960
And the Russian
generals, Zhukov,
360
00:27:47,039 --> 00:27:52,200
Konev, and Rokossovsky, launch
their armies on the offensive.
361
00:27:58,599 --> 00:28:01,640
The Siberians attack!
362
00:28:04,519 --> 00:28:08,319
"Heinrici, the German general,
writes: "December 24th.
363
00:28:08,799 --> 00:28:11,759
The Russians have
broken through our lines.
364
00:28:12,079 --> 00:28:14,440
Things are happening as in 1812,
365
00:28:14,519 --> 00:28:17,680
the retreat in the snow,
it's just like Napoleon.
366
00:28:18,559 --> 00:28:21,160
High command won't accept
that the army is surrounded in
367
00:28:21,240 --> 00:28:22,960
front of Moscow.
368
00:28:23,039 --> 00:28:25,720
Our leaders refuse to
recognize that Russia is
369
00:28:25,799 --> 00:28:28,640
"capable of this achievement."
370
00:28:29,400 --> 00:28:32,319
During the night, Hitler calls
Field Marshal von Kluge for
371
00:28:32,400 --> 00:28:37,559
two hours, giving him the formal
order to be killed on the spot.
372
00:28:40,160 --> 00:28:43,039
He sacks Guderian, but
cannot prevent his troops from
373
00:28:43,119 --> 00:28:46,319
retreating 15, then 60 miles.
374
00:28:47,759 --> 00:28:50,759
The front finally settles.
375
00:28:52,640 --> 00:28:56,400
The Russians film the carnage
of the Battle of Moscow.
376
00:28:59,079 --> 00:29:02,480
300,000 Germans have
been killed or wounded,
377
00:29:02,559 --> 00:29:05,200
and 30,000 captured.
378
00:29:05,279 --> 00:29:08,240
Most of them will never return.
379
00:29:21,920 --> 00:29:25,599
600 miles away, at
the Wolf's Lair,
380
00:29:25,920 --> 00:29:28,000
Hitler spends Christmas alone.
381
00:29:28,599 --> 00:29:32,960
"Later he will say:" Snow has
been my enemy all my life,
382
00:29:33,480 --> 00:29:35,079
I've always hated it.
383
00:29:35,160 --> 00:29:37,559
"It was foreshadowing."
384
00:29:38,160 --> 00:29:41,599
For Hitler, spring will
be the decisive moment.
385
00:29:41,680 --> 00:29:43,920
In the meantime, he must
galvanize his people and
386
00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:46,400
reassure his allies.
387
00:29:46,480 --> 00:29:50,200
For the news cameras,
he summons three
symbolic figures.
388
00:29:51,119 --> 00:29:54,720
On January 4th, 1942, Goering,
struggles to overcome the
389
00:29:54,799 --> 00:29:57,599
extreme cold.
390
00:29:57,680 --> 00:30:00,079
Goering, the
embodiment of the Nazi party,
391
00:30:00,160 --> 00:30:02,839
the foundation of power.
392
00:30:03,640 --> 00:30:06,039
Then, one of the most
important military leaders,
393
00:30:06,119 --> 00:30:08,200
Marshal Von Bock.
394
00:30:08,279 --> 00:30:10,759
He is excessively thin
due to a stomach ulcer,
395
00:30:10,839 --> 00:30:13,200
and very much
affected by the situation.
396
00:30:14,359 --> 00:30:16,759
For the camera, the Führer
wants this older man to look
397
00:30:16,839 --> 00:30:18,839
him in the eye, stand straight,
398
00:30:18,920 --> 00:30:22,240
and shake his hand,
smiling confidently.
399
00:30:24,799 --> 00:30:27,519
With General Sepp Dietrich,
Hitler wants to show that the
400
00:30:27,599 --> 00:30:31,160
SS still protects him and is
a force to be reckoned with.
401
00:30:42,599 --> 00:30:44,759
After seven months
of combat in Russia,
402
00:30:44,839 --> 00:30:48,480
Hitler looks to renew with his
inspirational speeches.
403
00:30:51,720 --> 00:30:56,640
"He says:" He who fights
for the life of his people,
404
00:30:56,720 --> 00:31:00,839
for their daily bread, for
their future, will win!
405
00:31:00,920 --> 00:31:04,519
The blood shed in this war
must be, and it is our hope,
406
00:31:04,599 --> 00:31:07,359
the last in Europe
for generations!
407
00:31:08,559 --> 00:31:11,519
May the Lord help us
in this coming year.
408
00:31:13,759 --> 00:31:16,440
In his entourage,
some dare, once again,
409
00:31:16,519 --> 00:31:19,079
to ask him to stop this war.
410
00:31:22,119 --> 00:31:26,759
Including Fritz Todt,
Reich Minister for
Armaments and Ammunition,
411
00:31:31,119 --> 00:31:33,359
His plane explodes in mid-air.
412
00:31:33,440 --> 00:31:37,599
The day before, he had a heated
confrontation with the Führer.
413
00:31:37,680 --> 00:31:41,240
Todt told him that Germany
could not afford a long war.
414
00:31:48,079 --> 00:31:51,720
Hitler orders a
national funeral.
415
00:31:52,839 --> 00:31:56,319
He is exceptionally
compassionate toward the family.
416
00:32:11,200 --> 00:32:13,160
He replaces Todt with
his favorite architect,
417
00:32:13,240 --> 00:32:16,160
Albert Speer.
418
00:32:19,839 --> 00:32:21,359
Hitler gets it right.
419
00:32:21,440 --> 00:32:25,200
Speer proves to be a great
organizer for the war effort.
420
00:32:25,279 --> 00:32:28,400
He never hesitates to provide
industrialists with hundreds
421
00:32:28,480 --> 00:32:32,480
of thousands of slaves, taken
from the concentration camps.
422
00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:42,400
The voices of
dissension must be silenced.
423
00:32:43,640 --> 00:32:47,440
On April 20th, 1942, Hitler
celebrates his birthday at the
424
00:32:47,519 --> 00:32:51,599
Wolf's Lair, to make it clear
that the war will continue.
425
00:32:53,880 --> 00:32:57,759
He is 53 and appears to be in
great shape in the newsreels.
426
00:32:58,960 --> 00:33:01,599
The Germans must not know
that he gets ten shots of
427
00:33:01,680 --> 00:33:04,880
stimulants a day.
428
00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:12,480
Marshal Keitel, the servile
commander-in-chief of the army,
429
00:33:12,559 --> 00:33:15,680
wishes him to
be victorious in 1942.
430
00:33:17,559 --> 00:33:21,400
Goering and Himmler, of
course, share this wish.
431
00:33:23,440 --> 00:33:25,920
But Ribbentrop, the
Minister of Foreign Affairs,
432
00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:30,000
also suggests that they come
to an agreement with Stalin.
433
00:33:30,480 --> 00:33:34,759
"Hitler replies:" That won't be
possible as long as I'm here.
434
00:33:34,839 --> 00:33:37,880
I might as well shoot
myself in the head."
435
00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:50,359
In the spring, Hitler
takes possession of his new
436
00:33:50,440 --> 00:33:53,960
headquarters, the Werwolf,
in Vinnytsia, Ukraine.
437
00:33:56,279 --> 00:33:58,799
He hates this place,
which is too hot and humid,
438
00:33:58,880 --> 00:34:02,119
and infested with mosquitoes.
439
00:34:02,640 --> 00:34:05,200
He spends most of his
time developing Case Blue,
440
00:34:05,279 --> 00:34:09,039
the great offensive
of the summer of 1942,
441
00:34:09,119 --> 00:34:11,159
to seize Stalin's oil.
442
00:34:11,239 --> 00:34:13,559
The highly-mechanized German
army needs this to wage an
443
00:34:13,639 --> 00:34:16,000
extended war.
444
00:34:16,639 --> 00:34:20,039
In the North, Hitler orders to
hold the siege of Leningrad.
445
00:34:21,079 --> 00:34:25,519
In the center, he succeeds
in limiting the retreat
of his troops.
446
00:34:25,599 --> 00:34:28,960
In the south, he orders
his army to take Stalingrad,
447
00:34:29,039 --> 00:34:34,000
Crimea, and the Caucasus,
toward Baku and its oil wells.
448
00:34:35,920 --> 00:34:38,320
Once again, against the
advice of his generals,
449
00:34:38,400 --> 00:34:40,880
Hitler divides his forces.
450
00:34:41,320 --> 00:34:44,800
But the successful
attacks in the south
seem to prove him right.
451
00:34:52,840 --> 00:34:55,559
Sevastopol, Crimea's
great military port,
452
00:34:55,639 --> 00:34:58,639
is crushed by giant cannons.
453
00:35:10,679 --> 00:35:14,480
The swastika floats once
again over a Russian fort.
454
00:35:16,559 --> 00:35:19,039
Another victory for
General von Manstein,
455
00:35:19,119 --> 00:35:21,639
who had already won
the battle of France.
456
00:35:25,559 --> 00:35:27,679
But Hitler
appoints another general,
457
00:35:27,760 --> 00:35:31,440
Friedrich Paulus, to lead
the offensive on Stalingrad.
458
00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:37,719
This is a doubly
symbolic gesture.
459
00:35:37,800 --> 00:35:41,199
Paulus participated in
the Barbarossa plan.
460
00:35:41,280 --> 00:35:44,079
He will erase the shame of
the Moscow defeat by taking
461
00:35:44,159 --> 00:35:46,960
Stalingrad, Stalin's city.
462
00:35:49,440 --> 00:35:51,719
Paulus is in
charge of the 6th Army,
463
00:35:51,800 --> 00:35:55,599
reputed to be the Wehrmacht's
most powerful unit.
464
00:36:14,079 --> 00:36:15,519
The Landsers, the infantrymen,
465
00:36:15,599 --> 00:36:18,760
have been marching
for 1200 miles.
466
00:36:22,000 --> 00:36:25,159
Over a decade, they have
grown up in the Hitlerjugend,
467
00:36:25,239 --> 00:36:28,880
the Hitler Youth, which has
turned them into fanatics.
468
00:36:30,360 --> 00:36:33,320
They were humiliated by the
Moscow defeat and the loss of
469
00:36:33,400 --> 00:36:35,519
so many of their elders.
470
00:36:35,599 --> 00:36:38,599
Now, they, too,
want their revenge.
471
00:36:44,599 --> 00:36:46,159
But as in Moscow,
472
00:36:46,239 --> 00:36:49,280
they didn't count on the
Russians being so resistant.
473
00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:13,960
The Germans launch
their Stuka dive bombers,
474
00:37:14,039 --> 00:37:16,599
which level the model
city of Stalingrad,
475
00:37:16,679 --> 00:37:19,920
the pride of the Soviet regime.
476
00:37:32,159 --> 00:37:34,960
The Stukas also destroy
the main industrial centers,
477
00:37:35,039 --> 00:37:38,519
like the T34 tank production
lines inside the Tractor Plant,
478
00:37:38,599 --> 00:37:41,480
and the Red October Factory.
479
00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:48,280
However, the carcasses of
twisted steel and city ruins
480
00:37:48,360 --> 00:37:51,199
become fortresses
for the Russians.
481
00:37:51,519 --> 00:37:53,320
They provide
shelter for snipers,
482
00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:57,440
like Vasily Zaitsev, who
kills 225 German soldiers,
483
00:37:57,519 --> 00:38:00,480
according to the official story.
484
00:38:08,239 --> 00:38:11,119
Inside this hellhole,
people fight with knives,
485
00:38:11,199 --> 00:38:13,400
even with sharpened shovels.
486
00:38:13,480 --> 00:38:16,440
They cut each other up in
the cellars and sewers.
487
00:38:19,239 --> 00:38:23,599
And the months go by.
488
00:38:28,039 --> 00:38:31,159
Until the
relentless winter returns.
489
00:38:38,840 --> 00:38:41,800
The Russians
surround the Germans again.
490
00:38:56,199 --> 00:39:00,280
Zhukov and Khrushchev's armies
sweep away Hitler's allies,
491
00:39:00,360 --> 00:39:03,000
the Hungarians, Romanians,
and Italians who had been
492
00:39:03,079 --> 00:39:05,280
protecting Stalingrad's center,
493
00:39:05,360 --> 00:39:07,760
occupied by the Germans.
494
00:39:08,480 --> 00:39:12,880
On Christmas Day 1942,
Hitler orders Manstein's army,
495
00:39:12,960 --> 00:39:16,280
further south, to
come help the 6th Army.
496
00:39:20,920 --> 00:39:24,119
On December 29th, 30
miles from Stalingrad,
497
00:39:24,199 --> 00:39:28,199
Manstein is stopped by
superior Russian forces.
498
00:39:38,239 --> 00:39:40,880
For a month, Goering, who had
been bragging about supplying
499
00:39:40,960 --> 00:39:44,119
the troops under siege,
mobilizes all available
500
00:39:44,199 --> 00:39:46,039
transport planes.
501
00:39:46,119 --> 00:39:48,559
They are not equipped for
below-freezing temperatures,
502
00:39:48,639 --> 00:39:51,960
and the Russian fighters
shoot down half of them.
503
00:39:54,400 --> 00:39:56,920
The few who managed to fly
over the entrenched camp
504
00:39:57,000 --> 00:40:02,000
provide the very weak
troops with barely 7
ounces of bread a day.
505
00:40:10,559 --> 00:40:13,760
On January 10th, 1943,
506
00:40:13,840 --> 00:40:17,480
Paulus gives the orders
to eat the horses.
507
00:40:21,360 --> 00:40:24,000
After seven months
of fierce combat,
508
00:40:24,079 --> 00:40:26,559
the Germans have
run out of everything:
509
00:40:26,639 --> 00:40:29,000
no ammunition, no hope.
510
00:40:29,079 --> 00:40:32,920
Paulus signs the 6th Army's
surrender to the Russians.
511
00:40:37,599 --> 00:40:39,639
Hitler, who is fully to blame,
512
00:40:39,719 --> 00:40:42,119
dares to judge those who
obeyed him.
513
00:40:42,199 --> 00:40:45,800
"He comments:" The old
commanders threw themselves on
514
00:40:45,880 --> 00:40:49,000
their swords when they saw
that the cause was lost."
515
00:40:50,159 --> 00:40:53,159
And he adds: "I curse myself
for having risked this war
516
00:40:53,239 --> 00:40:56,079
with such bad generals."
517
00:40:59,599 --> 00:41:03,239
The Russians capture
24 German generals,
518
00:41:04,119 --> 00:41:06,840
along with 2,500 officers and
519
00:41:06,920 --> 00:41:13,760
the 100,000 survivors
of the 6th Army.
520
00:41:13,840 --> 00:41:18,039
Stalingrad remains one of the
bloodiest battles in history.
521
00:41:20,480 --> 00:41:24,079
Stalin's Russia lost
over one million men.
522
00:41:34,280 --> 00:41:36,679
Goebbels writes in his diary:
523
00:41:36,760 --> 00:41:41,000
"The Führer seems to
have aged 15 years."
524
00:41:46,800 --> 00:41:51,320
In April 1943, a wave of
hope sweeps through Rotterdam,
525
00:41:51,400 --> 00:41:54,719
Liège, Bordeaux,
Belgrade, and Copenhagen.
526
00:41:56,760 --> 00:41:58,800
Despite the hardships, the fear,
527
00:41:58,880 --> 00:42:02,239
and the German occupation,
the news of Hitler's defeat in
528
00:42:02,320 --> 00:42:05,119
Stalingrad fills
hearts with joy.
529
00:42:08,880 --> 00:42:12,280
No, the Nazis are
not invincible!
530
00:42:12,360 --> 00:42:15,760
The past year has been a
dark one for the Germans.
531
00:42:17,440 --> 00:42:19,840
Their Japanese allies,
initially victorious,
532
00:42:19,920 --> 00:42:22,920
were defeated in the Pacific.
533
00:42:24,599 --> 00:42:28,199
The Americans sank the Japanese
aircraft carriers at Midway,
534
00:42:28,840 --> 00:42:31,559
and their famous Zero
fighters had to land miserably
535
00:42:31,639 --> 00:42:33,840
on the ocean.
536
00:42:41,360 --> 00:42:43,719
In the Battle of the Desert,
General Rommel,
537
00:42:43,800 --> 00:42:46,920
sick and weakened, was
defeated by British forces
538
00:42:47,000 --> 00:42:49,800
in El Alamein, Egypt.
539
00:42:54,480 --> 00:42:57,679
Simultaneously, the Americans
and the British landed in
540
00:42:57,760 --> 00:43:01,679
North Africa to prepare
for the European invasion.
541
00:43:06,239 --> 00:43:12,159
CHURCHILL This in
not the end, it is not even the
beginning of the end.
542
00:43:13,480 --> 00:43:17,239
But it is perhaps the
end of the beginning.
543
00:43:22,760 --> 00:43:25,280
Hitler regains his
strength at the Berghof,
544
00:43:25,360 --> 00:43:29,000
his Berchtesgaden chalet.
545
00:43:34,519 --> 00:43:36,679
His determination is back.
546
00:43:36,760 --> 00:43:41,199
He declares: "Persistence
is the secret to success!"
547
00:43:44,320 --> 00:43:48,679
On July 5th, 1943, he prepares
to launch the Tigers and the
548
00:43:48,760 --> 00:43:52,000
Panthers, his new
armored monsters,
549
00:43:52,079 --> 00:43:54,599
against the Soviets.
550
00:43:54,679 --> 00:43:57,400
He targets their weak
link of defense at Kursk,
551
00:43:57,480 --> 00:43:59,280
in central Russia.
552
00:43:59,360 --> 00:44:05,679
Once again, Hitler is about
to unleash the Apocalypse!
553
00:44:07,159 --> 00:44:08,440
Captioned by Cotter Media Group.
49217
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