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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:09,519 Between 1939 and 1940, 2 00:00:09,599 --> 00:00:12,320 Hitler crushed Europe. 3 00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:15,679 Then he launched Operation Barbarossa, 4 00:00:15,759 --> 00:00:19,000 the invasion of the Soviet Union. 5 00:00:20,000 --> 00:00:24,719 On September 6th, 1941, Hitler issues his directive Number 35, 6 00:00:24,800 --> 00:00:26,800 under the code name Typhoon, 7 00:00:26,879 --> 00:00:29,239 the attack on Moscow. 8 00:00:57,719 --> 00:01:01,079 Like all Germans, Hans Baur, Hitler's personal pilot, 9 00:01:01,159 --> 00:01:02,799 is confident. 10 00:01:02,880 --> 00:01:05,439 No doubt about it, the Wehrmacht will defeat the 11 00:01:05,519 --> 00:01:06,959 Russian army. 12 00:01:07,040 --> 00:01:09,039 The Führer will defeat the Red Tzar. 13 00:01:09,120 --> 00:01:11,760 This will be the decisive fight. 14 00:01:16,680 --> 00:01:18,079 After three months of fighting, 15 00:01:18,159 --> 00:01:21,480 the German advance on the three axes of attack has made 16 00:01:21,560 --> 00:01:23,719 its way inside Russia. 17 00:01:26,200 --> 00:01:28,960 Leningrad is surrounded, Moscow is threatened. 18 00:01:29,039 --> 00:01:32,280 In the south, Kharkiv, the major Ukrainian city, 19 00:01:32,359 --> 00:01:34,520 is under siege. 20 00:01:39,039 --> 00:01:40,439 In Kharkiv, the sixth German army, 21 00:01:40,520 --> 00:01:42,520 whose objective is further away, 22 00:01:42,599 --> 00:01:46,039 first Stalingrad, then Baku for oil, 23 00:01:46,120 --> 00:01:48,799 encounters fierce Russian resistance. 24 00:01:53,840 --> 00:01:57,039 The Red Army has already lost three million soldiers. 25 00:02:01,760 --> 00:02:04,760 Yet, miraculously, it keeps up the fight. 26 00:02:07,319 --> 00:02:10,000 For Hitler, passing through his chalet in the Bavarian Alps, 27 00:02:10,080 --> 00:02:13,199 the Berghof, these are only the last battles before 28 00:02:13,280 --> 00:02:16,039 the final victory. 29 00:02:16,560 --> 00:02:18,479 Eva Braun, his hidden mistress, 30 00:02:18,560 --> 00:02:21,560 his guests, and the immense majority of Germans believe 31 00:02:21,639 --> 00:02:24,479 that Hitler has always been successful, 32 00:02:24,560 --> 00:02:27,240 and that he will continue to succeed. 33 00:02:27,680 --> 00:02:30,039 He is a charming, gallant man, and no one suspects, 34 00:02:30,120 --> 00:02:33,920 or wants to suspect, the horrors committed under his orders, 35 00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:36,199 since the beginning of the invasion, 36 00:02:36,280 --> 00:02:38,719 such as the massacre of the Jews. 37 00:02:43,800 --> 00:02:46,159 Who dares say a word? 38 00:02:46,240 --> 00:02:48,840 Only in the privacy of the home will a German soldier, 39 00:02:48,920 --> 00:02:52,000 returning on leave, speak of his war. 40 00:02:53,759 --> 00:02:55,800 Families discover that their husbands, 41 00:02:55,879 --> 00:02:58,400 fathers, and sons are following criminal orders on 42 00:02:58,479 --> 00:03:01,080 the Eastern Front. 43 00:03:02,960 --> 00:03:05,520 Soldiers tell of the unleashing of anti-Semitism in 44 00:03:05,599 --> 00:03:08,479 Ukraine, legitimized by Hitler. 45 00:03:19,159 --> 00:03:22,240 The malaise makes its way up the ladder. 46 00:03:24,400 --> 00:03:27,479 Hitler's generals believe that it may damage the morale of 47 00:03:27,560 --> 00:03:30,159 both the troops and the German people. 48 00:03:30,240 --> 00:03:33,159 Additionally, the executions of civilians, 49 00:03:33,240 --> 00:03:36,560 of women and children, in what is known today as the 50 00:03:36,639 --> 00:03:40,680 Holocaust by bullets, use up too much ammunition. 51 00:03:45,319 --> 00:03:47,120 Chief executioner Heinrich Himmler 52 00:03:47,199 --> 00:03:50,199 has commissioned designs for death factories. 53 00:03:59,280 --> 00:04:04,560 Nazi engineers are working on plans for a large-scale killing process, 54 00:04:04,639 --> 00:04:07,360 with gas chambers and crematoriums. 55 00:04:12,960 --> 00:04:18,199 Auschwitz, in Poland, is one of six extermination camps, 56 00:04:18,560 --> 00:04:21,439 At Auschwitz, some of the prisoners work for German 57 00:04:21,519 --> 00:04:24,399 industrialist IG Farben. 58 00:04:25,360 --> 00:04:28,600 The others are gassed. 59 00:04:29,160 --> 00:04:32,240 This is what the Nazis call the Final Solution. 60 00:04:32,319 --> 00:04:35,759 Work sets one free 61 00:04:37,759 --> 00:04:40,680 But he still must defeat Stalin. 62 00:04:43,399 --> 00:04:47,079 Yesterday's enemies are today's allies. 63 00:04:48,079 --> 00:04:50,040 An Englishman, Stafford Cripps, 64 00:04:50,120 --> 00:04:53,399 appointed by Churchill as ambassador to Moscow, 65 00:04:53,480 --> 00:04:56,439 comes to conclude a military alliance. 66 00:04:58,240 --> 00:05:01,680 Molotov, Stalin's shadow, reminds the Russian leader: 67 00:05:01,759 --> 00:05:04,199 "Let's not delude ourselves." 68 00:05:04,279 --> 00:05:06,439 The capitalists still want to kill us, 69 00:05:06,519 --> 00:05:09,279 "but they need us." 70 00:05:16,439 --> 00:05:20,439 On September 30, 1941, three months after the start of the 71 00:05:20,519 --> 00:05:25,600 German invasion, General Guderian's 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Panzer divisions, 72 00:05:25,680 --> 00:05:26,879 already victorious in the 73 00:05:26,959 --> 00:05:30,439 Battle of France, continue their relentless march towards 74 00:05:30,519 --> 00:05:33,279 the Soviet capital. 75 00:05:46,720 --> 00:05:50,560 Moscow is in a state of panic as early snow falls on the city. 76 00:05:55,240 --> 00:05:58,240 Thousands of Muscovites try to flee. 77 00:06:03,079 --> 00:06:07,000 The administration and the diplomatic corps are evacuated. 78 00:06:07,759 --> 00:06:10,240 As in the Politburo, the seat of power. 79 00:06:13,079 --> 00:06:17,839 On October 17th, 1941, Russian journalist Leonid Timofeev 80 00:06:17,920 --> 00:06:21,480 "notes:" The population doesn't hide its hostile, 81 00:06:21,560 --> 00:06:24,079 contemptuous attitude towards its leaders. 82 00:06:24,160 --> 00:06:26,600 They have abandoned us. 83 00:06:26,680 --> 00:06:29,560 "People are bitter, they feel betrayed." 84 00:06:31,240 --> 00:06:35,720 Stalin, however, stays put. 85 00:06:35,800 --> 00:06:39,120 He orders resistance to the end. 86 00:06:41,240 --> 00:06:45,120 The city's countless loudspeakers broadcast this song: 87 00:06:47,399 --> 00:06:49,199 "We will drive a bullet into the forehead, 88 00:06:49,279 --> 00:06:51,920 of the putrid fascist vermin!" 89 00:06:53,319 --> 00:06:57,000 Muscovites are requisitioned to build barriers. 90 00:06:58,120 --> 00:07:01,000 But can they stop Guderian's tanks? 91 00:07:02,560 --> 00:07:05,240 The last able-bodied men are mobilized. 92 00:07:05,319 --> 00:07:09,399 Many of them are workers from the capital's arms factories, 93 00:07:09,480 --> 00:07:12,439 who have received orders to destroy their machines so that 94 00:07:12,519 --> 00:07:15,319 they don't fall into the hands of the Nazis. 95 00:07:16,959 --> 00:07:19,959 Few even know how to handle a rifle. 96 00:07:22,040 --> 00:07:23,920 But where is the Red Army? 97 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:26,000 It was just defeated in Kharkiv, 98 00:07:26,079 --> 00:07:30,639 to the south of Moscow, on October 24th, 1941. 99 00:07:35,079 --> 00:07:37,040 The German newsreels show hundreds of thousands of 100 00:07:37,120 --> 00:07:39,720 Russian prisoners. 101 00:07:40,159 --> 00:07:43,519 Paradoxically, this worries the spectators. 102 00:07:43,600 --> 00:07:46,399 In the cinemas, they whisper to each other: 103 00:07:46,480 --> 00:07:50,159 "We already have restrictions and ration cards. 104 00:07:50,240 --> 00:07:53,319 How will we ever feed all these men?" 105 00:08:00,519 --> 00:08:04,160 As usual, Hitler simply lets them starve to death. 106 00:08:08,079 --> 00:08:10,519 "He says:" We are fighting an enemy that 107 00:08:10,600 --> 00:08:12,720 does not consist of human beings, 108 00:08:12,800 --> 00:08:15,759 "but of animals or beasts." 109 00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:18,560 Hitler arrives at his headquarters, 110 00:08:18,639 --> 00:08:20,759 The Wolf's Lair near the Russian border. 111 00:08:23,839 --> 00:08:27,399 First, he orders a massive bombing of Moscow. 112 00:08:34,960 --> 00:08:37,759 The bombings take place night after night, 113 00:08:45,559 --> 00:08:48,000 The Muscovites take cover in the subway, 114 00:08:48,080 --> 00:08:50,240 the world's most beautiful subway, 115 00:08:50,320 --> 00:08:53,600 the people's temple, as intended by the regime. 116 00:08:57,360 --> 00:08:59,639 November 6th, 1941. 117 00:08:59,720 --> 00:09:02,519 Everyone sleeping in the huge Mayakovsky station, 118 00:09:02,600 --> 00:09:04,720 named after the eminent Russian poet, 119 00:09:04,799 --> 00:09:07,799 is evicted by the police. 120 00:09:09,960 --> 00:09:12,639 Stalin arrives on a subway train. 121 00:09:12,720 --> 00:09:15,200 Sheltered underground in this flowery setting, 122 00:09:15,279 --> 00:09:18,600 under a large bust of Lenin, Stalin wants to show everyone 123 00:09:18,679 --> 00:09:21,960 that the Soviet State is still standing. 124 00:09:25,279 --> 00:09:27,919 The Communist Party leaders who didn't flee are gathered 125 00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:31,320 on chairs stolen from the Bolshoi Theater. 126 00:09:32,720 --> 00:09:35,039 They applaud at length. 127 00:09:35,120 --> 00:09:38,879 One should never be the first to stop clapping. 128 00:09:39,320 --> 00:09:41,600 The dignitaries are there, next to the most fearsome man 129 00:09:41,679 --> 00:09:44,960 of all, police chief Beria. 130 00:09:46,159 --> 00:09:49,120 Stalin signals Pronin, to stop clapping. 131 00:09:52,720 --> 00:09:55,799 Stalin's speech is highly awaited. 132 00:09:57,120 --> 00:10:00,320 He pessimistically states: 133 00:10:01,360 --> 00:10:05,600 "Comrades! After four months of war, I must emphasize that this" 134 00:10:05,679 --> 00:10:08,679 danger has not only not grown less, 135 00:10:08,759 --> 00:10:12,159 "but, on the contrary, has even increased." 136 00:10:15,759 --> 00:10:19,360 After a long speech, they launch into a heartfelt rendition 137 00:10:19,440 --> 00:10:22,840 of The Internationale, the revolutionary anthem. 138 00:10:29,480 --> 00:10:32,679 At dawn on November 7th, the following morning, 139 00:10:32,759 --> 00:10:35,679 snow and fog ground the German bomber planes. 140 00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:38,600 But for how long? 141 00:10:38,679 --> 00:10:42,000 Stalin emerges from his shelter for the cameras. 142 00:10:42,080 --> 00:10:46,000 Only for a few minutes, just enough time to defy Hitler. 143 00:10:49,720 --> 00:10:53,399 It is the anniversary of the Bolshevik takeover of 1917. 144 00:10:54,360 --> 00:10:56,919 Meager troops march in the traditional parade before 145 00:10:57,000 --> 00:10:59,759 returning to combat. 146 00:11:05,600 --> 00:11:08,519 Safe in his shelter, Stalin rallies the masses by 147 00:11:08,600 --> 00:11:12,200 remembering old Czarist heroes like Alexander Nevsky, 148 00:11:12,279 --> 00:11:14,240 Russia's medieval savior, 149 00:11:14,320 --> 00:11:16,360 conqueror of the Teutonic knights, 150 00:11:16,440 --> 00:11:19,519 who had already come from across the Germanic plains. 151 00:11:24,840 --> 00:11:27,399 The German advance is relentless. 152 00:11:41,399 --> 00:11:43,120 Lieutenant August von Kageneck, 153 00:11:43,200 --> 00:11:47,480 tank commander of a reconnaissance unit, attests: 154 00:11:47,559 --> 00:11:50,080 "We did not doubt our superiority." 155 00:11:50,159 --> 00:11:52,960 We still believed in a swift victory over the Russians, 156 00:11:53,039 --> 00:11:55,879 even though our numbers were greatly diminished. 157 00:11:56,240 --> 00:11:58,600 Even if the rows of graves that lined our path were 158 00:11:58,679 --> 00:12:00,639 getting longer... 159 00:12:00,720 --> 00:12:05,000 "Come on, one last effort, and we can go home!" 160 00:12:12,879 --> 00:12:16,440 The front now is dangerously close to Moscow. 161 00:12:18,360 --> 00:12:22,039 But the Russian climate now comes to Stalin's rescue, 162 00:12:22,120 --> 00:12:26,679 exacerbating the already unrealistic German invasion plan. 163 00:12:28,360 --> 00:12:30,559 The weather is milder, and torrential rains 164 00:12:30,639 --> 00:12:33,279 pour down on the front. 165 00:12:34,240 --> 00:12:37,240 This is the Rasputitsa, the November rain season, 166 00:12:37,320 --> 00:12:40,120 also called the Sea of Mud. 167 00:12:44,440 --> 00:12:47,879 The German propaganda machine gladly shows these images, 168 00:12:47,960 --> 00:12:50,960 to justify the slowing-down of operations. 169 00:12:51,519 --> 00:12:55,120 "You see," these films say, "it is not the Red Army 170 00:12:55,200 --> 00:12:58,120 stopping us, It is the mud." 171 00:13:06,519 --> 00:13:09,159 The Nazi leaders begin to worry. 172 00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:12,919 On November 8, 1941, they meet up, 173 00:13:13,000 --> 00:13:15,559 as they do each year, in the Munich brewery where Hitler 174 00:13:15,639 --> 00:13:18,679 had attempted to seize power 20 years ago. 175 00:13:22,320 --> 00:13:24,799 Hitler comes to reassure his followers. 176 00:13:24,879 --> 00:13:29,720 "He says:" Never before has a gigantic empire been shattered 177 00:13:29,799 --> 00:13:33,039 and defeated in a shorter time than the Soviet Union 178 00:13:33,120 --> 00:13:35,559 "has been this time." 179 00:13:35,639 --> 00:13:38,600 However, some voices cautiously suggest that 180 00:13:38,679 --> 00:13:43,559 everything should be stopped and that a solution should be found. 181 00:13:43,639 --> 00:13:46,440 Hitler then blames Stalin for the conflict. 182 00:13:46,519 --> 00:13:50,960 "He concludes:" The war can last as long as Stalin wants, 183 00:13:51,039 --> 00:13:54,360 but the last battalion on the field will be German." 184 00:13:57,519 --> 00:14:00,600 The first attempt on Hitler's life took place in this brewery. 185 00:14:01,840 --> 00:14:05,159 There will be 42 in all. 186 00:14:07,519 --> 00:14:12,440 Mainly bombs, which he miraculously always manages to avoid. 187 00:14:13,120 --> 00:14:15,559 He is especially wary of poison. 188 00:14:15,639 --> 00:14:19,240 No gift or food can be touched without first being tested. 189 00:14:24,480 --> 00:14:26,360 In his residence kitchens and headquarters, 190 00:14:26,440 --> 00:14:28,200 or like here at the Wolf's Lair, 191 00:14:28,279 --> 00:14:31,840 young women are requisitioned by the SS. 192 00:14:33,879 --> 00:14:36,039 They are tasters, earning a monthly wage, 193 00:14:36,120 --> 00:14:38,679 the salary of fear. 194 00:14:47,240 --> 00:14:50,759 In Russia, hell is icy. 195 00:14:50,840 --> 00:14:53,360 It does not burn, it freezes. 196 00:14:54,840 --> 00:14:58,320 As of November 15, 1941, after the mud, 197 00:14:58,399 --> 00:15:00,919 the temperature drops to minus 4 Fahrenheit. 198 00:15:01,559 --> 00:15:04,399 There are no winter uniforms! 199 00:15:04,919 --> 00:15:07,480 Hitler believed the Russians wouldn't last three weeks, 200 00:15:07,559 --> 00:15:10,840 but they have resisted for five months! 201 00:15:12,279 --> 00:15:15,559 General Guderian and his tanks struggle in the snow. 202 00:15:25,440 --> 00:15:29,639 Hitler has himself filmed at a winter equipment exhibition. 203 00:15:31,720 --> 00:15:33,919 How does he rationalize the ordeal of hundreds of 204 00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:38,559 thousands of young Germans? 205 00:15:45,799 --> 00:15:49,279 This shocks the Germans. 206 00:15:50,039 --> 00:15:52,679 How could the Führer have let our soldiers face such cold, 207 00:15:52,759 --> 00:15:56,720 in their lightweight uniforms from June 22nd? 208 00:16:04,480 --> 00:16:08,399 Meanwhile, the propaganda machine asks them to smile. 209 00:16:18,679 --> 00:16:22,039 Occupied Europe must also make its contribution. 210 00:16:26,200 --> 00:16:28,799 Lustra, a Brussels family business, 211 00:16:28,879 --> 00:16:32,399 receives a huge order for rabbit skin jackets. 212 00:16:32,720 --> 00:16:36,159 This saves their workers and families from the death camps. 213 00:16:39,360 --> 00:16:42,360 Ribbentrop, Hitler's Minister of Foreign Affairs, 214 00:16:42,440 --> 00:16:45,159 and his brother-in-law, named Director of Champagne 215 00:16:45,240 --> 00:16:48,840 in occupied France, sets up a successful alcohol delivery to 216 00:16:48,919 --> 00:16:51,159 the Eastern Front. 217 00:17:08,400 --> 00:17:12,359 On November 25th, 1941, Hitler returns to Berlin, 218 00:17:12,440 --> 00:17:14,640 to his imposing chancellery. 219 00:17:16,680 --> 00:17:18,680 During a ceremony of alliance renewal, 220 00:17:18,759 --> 00:17:20,839 he continues to reassure. 221 00:17:20,920 --> 00:17:24,319 He will rid the Russian soil of its inhabitants. 222 00:17:25,480 --> 00:17:29,119 "He says:" The goal of my Eastern policy is for 223 00:17:29,200 --> 00:17:33,440 100 million Germans to settle in this colonized land." 224 00:17:35,839 --> 00:17:38,799 The first German settlers, welcomed with great fanfare, 225 00:17:38,880 --> 00:17:42,920 arrive in the summer of 1941, along with the invasion. 226 00:17:43,799 --> 00:17:46,000 They are mostly peasants, in charge of taking over the 227 00:17:46,079 --> 00:17:48,000 collective farms. 228 00:17:48,079 --> 00:17:49,480 They are shocked by the miserable, 229 00:17:49,559 --> 00:17:52,000 hostile environment. 230 00:17:56,400 --> 00:18:01,000 "Hitler says:" We must get used to the idea that we should not 231 00:18:01,079 --> 00:18:03,880 scour the dominated population every day, 232 00:18:03,960 --> 00:18:07,680 "nor try to instill in them a sense of German cleanliness." 233 00:18:10,400 --> 00:18:13,680 Children also populate Russia and its "living space". 234 00:18:14,079 --> 00:18:17,359 Those who are deemed "racially correct" are rounded up from 235 00:18:17,440 --> 00:18:20,880 orphanages and even taken from Russian families. 236 00:18:23,920 --> 00:18:27,160 In Germany, another aspect of Hitler's racial policy, 237 00:18:27,240 --> 00:18:30,000 since coming to power, is the Lebensborn program, 238 00:18:30,079 --> 00:18:32,680 the "Fountain of Life." 239 00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:37,279 The SS impregnates selected young girls, 240 00:18:37,359 --> 00:18:39,559 to provide the Reich with future blond, 241 00:18:39,640 --> 00:18:42,240 blue-eyed SS officers. 242 00:18:42,319 --> 00:18:44,799 The girls are subjected to the German doctrine of the 243 00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:49,680 "three K's": Kinder, Küche, and Kirche. 244 00:18:50,359 --> 00:18:53,720 Children, Kitchen, and Church. 245 00:18:54,559 --> 00:18:57,359 After being indoctrinated through the Hitler Youth, 246 00:18:57,440 --> 00:19:00,559 the boys are mobilized as auxiliaries of the Flak, 247 00:19:00,640 --> 00:19:02,720 the German anti-aircraft defense, 248 00:19:02,799 --> 00:19:05,559 attacked almost nightly by British bombers. 249 00:19:18,920 --> 00:19:23,160 In the cold autumn of 1941, the Germans spend their nights 250 00:19:23,240 --> 00:19:27,279 in shelters, praying to return home in the morning. 251 00:19:32,680 --> 00:19:35,880 From his train, Hitler summons his first accomplice, 252 00:19:35,960 --> 00:19:39,440 Germany's master of aviation and anti-aircraft defense, 253 00:19:39,519 --> 00:19:41,880 Reichmarshall Goering. 254 00:19:43,240 --> 00:19:45,839 Goering had imprudently said that no enemy aircraft would 255 00:19:45,920 --> 00:19:49,000 ever fly in the Reich's skies. 256 00:19:49,799 --> 00:19:53,240 Major von Below, aide-de-camp, greets Goering. 257 00:19:53,319 --> 00:19:55,920 He recounts the meeting. 258 00:19:58,000 --> 00:19:59,720 Goering is very popular; therefore, 259 00:19:59,799 --> 00:20:02,279 Hitler curbs his criticism. 260 00:20:05,359 --> 00:20:08,559 "He only bitterly tells him:" I will have to take care of the 261 00:20:08,640 --> 00:20:11,519 Flak cannons myself!" 262 00:20:12,599 --> 00:20:14,960 Goering replies that all the aircraft are needed on the 263 00:20:15,039 --> 00:20:17,000 Eastern Front. 264 00:20:17,079 --> 00:20:20,400 Russia is large and its sky is immense. 265 00:20:21,000 --> 00:20:24,359 There are no longer enough fighters to defend the Reich! 266 00:20:25,759 --> 00:20:28,640 One of the men in charge of Germany's aeronautical production, 267 00:20:28,720 --> 00:20:31,160 General Udet, commits suicide after 268 00:20:31,240 --> 00:20:34,319 sinking into alcoholism. 269 00:20:34,400 --> 00:20:36,599 He was the most famous German pilot, 270 00:20:36,680 --> 00:20:40,240 a World War I ace, and an aerobatics champion. 271 00:20:42,839 --> 00:20:46,759 Could his lavish funeral be a bad omen? 272 00:20:51,079 --> 00:20:55,200 Hitler will lead Germany into a world war. 273 00:20:56,319 --> 00:20:58,839 He hesitates. 274 00:20:58,920 --> 00:21:01,319 For four days. 275 00:21:01,400 --> 00:21:04,599 Then he appears before the Nazi parliament. 276 00:21:07,279 --> 00:21:11,880 On December 11th, 1941, six months after invading Russia, 277 00:21:11,960 --> 00:21:15,200 the Führer solemnly announces that Germany is declaring war 278 00:21:15,279 --> 00:21:18,640 on the United States. 279 00:21:20,359 --> 00:21:23,799 The Reich stands in solidarity with its Japanese ally, 280 00:21:23,880 --> 00:21:26,119 who attacked America at Pearl Harbor on 281 00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:29,240 December 7, 1941. 282 00:21:35,920 --> 00:21:38,319 He fires his army's Chief of Staff, 283 00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:41,799 Field Marshal Von Brauchitsch, and takes his place. 284 00:21:45,960 --> 00:21:50,640 German soldiers are dead, wounded, captured, frozen, or missing. 285 00:21:59,759 --> 00:22:03,680 The following day, December 12th, 1941, 286 00:22:03,759 --> 00:22:06,200 Hitler receives the head of the Dutch Nazis, 287 00:22:06,279 --> 00:22:09,720 Anton Mussert, who recruits men for what will be 288 00:22:09,799 --> 00:22:12,440 called "The Crusade against Bolshevism". 289 00:22:16,640 --> 00:22:20,039 Germany's newsreels celebrate the meeting between 290 00:22:20,119 --> 00:22:22,240 Hitler and Jozef Tiso. 291 00:22:22,319 --> 00:22:24,960 A "National Catholic" anti-Semitic priest, 292 00:22:25,039 --> 00:22:29,599 Tiso presides over Slovakia, established during Hitler's 293 00:22:29,680 --> 00:22:32,480 dismemberment of Czechoslovakia. 294 00:22:32,920 --> 00:22:36,480 Tiso promises to send soldiers to Russia. 295 00:22:38,160 --> 00:22:40,200 Hitler enlists the help of General Franco, 296 00:22:40,279 --> 00:22:43,279 who had defeated the Spanish Republic with his help. 297 00:22:44,759 --> 00:22:48,720 Franco cautiously refuses to engage in the war on Germany's side. 298 00:22:48,799 --> 00:22:51,240 He merely sends 20,000 Phalangists, 299 00:22:51,319 --> 00:22:54,319 fanatical fascists, to Russia. 300 00:22:54,839 --> 00:22:59,400 These men form the Azul or blue division, 301 00:22:59,480 --> 00:23:03,920 and fight alongside the Germans, shouting Viva la Muerte! 302 00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:07,559 "Long live Death!" 303 00:23:12,759 --> 00:23:15,519 Other volunteers pour in under the Nazi banner. 304 00:23:22,160 --> 00:23:26,079 At the Legion of French Volunteers recruitment office in Paris, 305 00:23:26,160 --> 00:23:29,119 ideology is not the only reason for the influx of 306 00:23:29,200 --> 00:23:33,480 men, young and old, over the past months. 307 00:23:35,119 --> 00:23:38,000 They are often unemployed, required to show a certificate 308 00:23:38,079 --> 00:23:41,039 proving that they are not Jews. 309 00:23:43,240 --> 00:23:47,559 Nazi Collaboration fanatics supervise them. 310 00:23:50,279 --> 00:23:52,680 Before leaving, they sing the Marseillaise, 311 00:23:52,759 --> 00:23:54,279 surrounded by Germans. 312 00:23:57,599 --> 00:24:01,519 "Pétain sends them this message: "Don't forget that 313 00:24:01,599 --> 00:24:04,920 you hold a piece of our military honor." 314 00:24:06,359 --> 00:24:09,440 In December 1941, 3000 of these men, 315 00:24:09,519 --> 00:24:13,319 in German uniforms, end up in the snow on the Eastern Front. 316 00:24:14,079 --> 00:24:17,359 One of them, Marc Augier, writes: 317 00:24:17,440 --> 00:24:22,079 "Absolute despair. Absolute cold." 318 00:24:22,519 --> 00:24:24,319 Nothing moves anymore. 319 00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:25,839 The birds are dead. 320 00:24:25,920 --> 00:24:27,759 The trees too. 321 00:24:27,839 --> 00:24:31,319 Men only move to perform essential functions. 322 00:24:33,799 --> 00:24:37,079 Any man to fall asleep dies in that position, 323 00:24:37,160 --> 00:24:41,000 "sitting, standing, lying or crouching." 324 00:24:47,400 --> 00:24:50,640 Moscow, December 1941. 325 00:24:50,720 --> 00:24:54,920 Word spreads that the Germans are back on the move. 326 00:24:57,240 --> 00:25:00,480 The last residents of Moscow, plagued by misfortune, 327 00:25:00,559 --> 00:25:02,519 forced to do the worst defense work, 328 00:25:02,599 --> 00:25:05,880 continue to be blasted with this patriotic anthem. 329 00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:17,440 According to the propaganda, it announces the arrival of 330 00:25:17,519 --> 00:25:20,400 "the Soviet people's best sons, 331 00:25:20,480 --> 00:25:23,440 come to defend Moscow". 332 00:25:24,559 --> 00:25:26,759 Regiments from Siberia arrive in warm, 333 00:25:26,839 --> 00:25:28,599 white clothes. 334 00:25:28,680 --> 00:25:32,079 Stalin has urgently sent them to Moscow. 335 00:25:32,559 --> 00:25:35,720 Vassily Grossman, the war correspondent, writes: 336 00:25:35,799 --> 00:25:38,200 "Siberians are more stocky," 337 00:25:38,279 --> 00:25:40,359 more reserved, sterner. 338 00:25:40,440 --> 00:25:43,279 They are hunters, they are more disciplined, 339 00:25:43,359 --> 00:25:46,480 "more used to cold and hardship." 340 00:25:49,119 --> 00:25:51,880 The T34 tank, a formidable machine, 341 00:25:51,960 --> 00:25:54,039 appears on the scene. 342 00:25:54,119 --> 00:25:56,720 It is proof that Stalin's Russia has extraordinary 343 00:25:56,799 --> 00:25:59,200 industrial reserves. 344 00:25:59,279 --> 00:26:02,599 Its factories, relocated under cover far to the East, 345 00:26:02,680 --> 00:26:06,240 produce 200 per month. 346 00:26:07,920 --> 00:26:10,680 Its oblique armor is immune to anti-tank guns, 347 00:26:10,759 --> 00:26:13,920 making it every German soldier's nightmare. 348 00:26:16,920 --> 00:26:22,039 "Lieutenant Von Kageneck writes: "We had lost our 349 00:26:22,119 --> 00:26:25,000 perception of absolute superiority. 350 00:26:25,079 --> 00:26:28,720 The Russians were infinitely better equipped than we were. 351 00:26:29,519 --> 00:26:32,599 We shifted from one improvisation to another. 352 00:26:32,680 --> 00:26:36,319 "Our idea of the enemy was completely changing." 353 00:26:52,839 --> 00:26:56,319 Guderian's tanks reach the end of the bus line leading to 354 00:26:56,400 --> 00:27:00,079 Red Square, visible with binoculars. 355 00:27:21,799 --> 00:27:24,359 All hell suddenly breaks loose. 356 00:27:24,440 --> 00:27:27,240 Russia has a new weapon, a multiple rocket launcher, 357 00:27:27,319 --> 00:27:31,279 which the Germans nickname "Stalin's organ". 358 00:27:38,440 --> 00:27:41,920 This weapon has a devastating effect on the German soldiers' morale. 359 00:27:45,440 --> 00:27:46,960 And the Russian generals, Zhukov, 360 00:27:47,039 --> 00:27:52,200 Konev, and Rokossovsky, launch their armies on the offensive. 361 00:27:58,599 --> 00:28:01,640 The Siberians attack! 362 00:28:04,519 --> 00:28:08,319 "Heinrici, the German general, writes: "December 24th. 363 00:28:08,799 --> 00:28:11,759 The Russians have broken through our lines. 364 00:28:12,079 --> 00:28:14,440 Things are happening as in 1812, 365 00:28:14,519 --> 00:28:17,680 the retreat in the snow, it's just like Napoleon. 366 00:28:18,559 --> 00:28:21,160 High command won't accept that the army is surrounded in 367 00:28:21,240 --> 00:28:22,960 front of Moscow. 368 00:28:23,039 --> 00:28:25,720 Our leaders refuse to recognize that Russia is 369 00:28:25,799 --> 00:28:28,640 "capable of this achievement." 370 00:28:29,400 --> 00:28:32,319 During the night, Hitler calls Field Marshal von Kluge for 371 00:28:32,400 --> 00:28:37,559 two hours, giving him the formal order to be killed on the spot. 372 00:28:40,160 --> 00:28:43,039 He sacks Guderian, but cannot prevent his troops from 373 00:28:43,119 --> 00:28:46,319 retreating 15, then 60 miles. 374 00:28:47,759 --> 00:28:50,759 The front finally settles. 375 00:28:52,640 --> 00:28:56,400 The Russians film the carnage of the Battle of Moscow. 376 00:28:59,079 --> 00:29:02,480 300,000 Germans have been killed or wounded, 377 00:29:02,559 --> 00:29:05,200 and 30,000 captured. 378 00:29:05,279 --> 00:29:08,240 Most of them will never return. 379 00:29:21,920 --> 00:29:25,599 600 miles away, at the Wolf's Lair, 380 00:29:25,920 --> 00:29:28,000 Hitler spends Christmas alone. 381 00:29:28,599 --> 00:29:32,960 "Later he will say:" Snow has been my enemy all my life, 382 00:29:33,480 --> 00:29:35,079 I've always hated it. 383 00:29:35,160 --> 00:29:37,559 "It was foreshadowing." 384 00:29:38,160 --> 00:29:41,599 For Hitler, spring will be the decisive moment. 385 00:29:41,680 --> 00:29:43,920 In the meantime, he must galvanize his people and 386 00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:46,400 reassure his allies. 387 00:29:46,480 --> 00:29:50,200 For the news cameras, he summons three symbolic figures. 388 00:29:51,119 --> 00:29:54,720 On January 4th, 1942, Goering, struggles to overcome the 389 00:29:54,799 --> 00:29:57,599 extreme cold. 390 00:29:57,680 --> 00:30:00,079 Goering, the embodiment of the Nazi party, 391 00:30:00,160 --> 00:30:02,839 the foundation of power. 392 00:30:03,640 --> 00:30:06,039 Then, one of the most important military leaders, 393 00:30:06,119 --> 00:30:08,200 Marshal Von Bock. 394 00:30:08,279 --> 00:30:10,759 He is excessively thin due to a stomach ulcer, 395 00:30:10,839 --> 00:30:13,200 and very much affected by the situation. 396 00:30:14,359 --> 00:30:16,759 For the camera, the Führer wants this older man to look 397 00:30:16,839 --> 00:30:18,839 him in the eye, stand straight, 398 00:30:18,920 --> 00:30:22,240 and shake his hand, smiling confidently. 399 00:30:24,799 --> 00:30:27,519 With General Sepp Dietrich, Hitler wants to show that the 400 00:30:27,599 --> 00:30:31,160 SS still protects him and is a force to be reckoned with. 401 00:30:42,599 --> 00:30:44,759 After seven months of combat in Russia, 402 00:30:44,839 --> 00:30:48,480 Hitler looks to renew with his inspirational speeches. 403 00:30:51,720 --> 00:30:56,640 "He says:" He who fights for the life of his people, 404 00:30:56,720 --> 00:31:00,839 for their daily bread, for their future, will win! 405 00:31:00,920 --> 00:31:04,519 The blood shed in this war must be, and it is our hope, 406 00:31:04,599 --> 00:31:07,359 the last in Europe for generations! 407 00:31:08,559 --> 00:31:11,519 May the Lord help us in this coming year. 408 00:31:13,759 --> 00:31:16,440 In his entourage, some dare, once again, 409 00:31:16,519 --> 00:31:19,079 to ask him to stop this war. 410 00:31:22,119 --> 00:31:26,759 Including Fritz Todt, Reich Minister for Armaments and Ammunition, 411 00:31:31,119 --> 00:31:33,359 His plane explodes in mid-air. 412 00:31:33,440 --> 00:31:37,599 The day before, he had a heated confrontation with the Führer. 413 00:31:37,680 --> 00:31:41,240 Todt told him that Germany could not afford a long war. 414 00:31:48,079 --> 00:31:51,720 Hitler orders a national funeral. 415 00:31:52,839 --> 00:31:56,319 He is exceptionally compassionate toward the family. 416 00:32:11,200 --> 00:32:13,160 He replaces Todt with his favorite architect, 417 00:32:13,240 --> 00:32:16,160 Albert Speer. 418 00:32:19,839 --> 00:32:21,359 Hitler gets it right. 419 00:32:21,440 --> 00:32:25,200 Speer proves to be a great organizer for the war effort. 420 00:32:25,279 --> 00:32:28,400 He never hesitates to provide industrialists with hundreds 421 00:32:28,480 --> 00:32:32,480 of thousands of slaves, taken from the concentration camps. 422 00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:42,400 The voices of dissension must be silenced. 423 00:32:43,640 --> 00:32:47,440 On April 20th, 1942, Hitler celebrates his birthday at the 424 00:32:47,519 --> 00:32:51,599 Wolf's Lair, to make it clear that the war will continue. 425 00:32:53,880 --> 00:32:57,759 He is 53 and appears to be in great shape in the newsreels. 426 00:32:58,960 --> 00:33:01,599 The Germans must not know that he gets ten shots of 427 00:33:01,680 --> 00:33:04,880 stimulants a day. 428 00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:12,480 Marshal Keitel, the servile commander-in-chief of the army, 429 00:33:12,559 --> 00:33:15,680 wishes him to be victorious in 1942. 430 00:33:17,559 --> 00:33:21,400 Goering and Himmler, of course, share this wish. 431 00:33:23,440 --> 00:33:25,920 But Ribbentrop, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, 432 00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:30,000 also suggests that they come to an agreement with Stalin. 433 00:33:30,480 --> 00:33:34,759 "Hitler replies:" That won't be possible as long as I'm here. 434 00:33:34,839 --> 00:33:37,880 I might as well shoot myself in the head." 435 00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:50,359 In the spring, Hitler takes possession of his new 436 00:33:50,440 --> 00:33:53,960 headquarters, the Werwolf, in Vinnytsia, Ukraine. 437 00:33:56,279 --> 00:33:58,799 He hates this place, which is too hot and humid, 438 00:33:58,880 --> 00:34:02,119 and infested with mosquitoes. 439 00:34:02,640 --> 00:34:05,200 He spends most of his time developing Case Blue, 440 00:34:05,279 --> 00:34:09,039 the great offensive of the summer of 1942, 441 00:34:09,119 --> 00:34:11,159 to seize Stalin's oil. 442 00:34:11,239 --> 00:34:13,559 The highly-mechanized German army needs this to wage an 443 00:34:13,639 --> 00:34:16,000 extended war. 444 00:34:16,639 --> 00:34:20,039 In the North, Hitler orders to hold the siege of Leningrad. 445 00:34:21,079 --> 00:34:25,519 In the center, he succeeds in limiting the retreat of his troops. 446 00:34:25,599 --> 00:34:28,960 In the south, he orders his army to take Stalingrad, 447 00:34:29,039 --> 00:34:34,000 Crimea, and the Caucasus, toward Baku and its oil wells. 448 00:34:35,920 --> 00:34:38,320 Once again, against the advice of his generals, 449 00:34:38,400 --> 00:34:40,880 Hitler divides his forces. 450 00:34:41,320 --> 00:34:44,800 But the successful attacks in the south seem to prove him right. 451 00:34:52,840 --> 00:34:55,559 Sevastopol, Crimea's great military port, 452 00:34:55,639 --> 00:34:58,639 is crushed by giant cannons. 453 00:35:10,679 --> 00:35:14,480 The swastika floats once again over a Russian fort. 454 00:35:16,559 --> 00:35:19,039 Another victory for General von Manstein, 455 00:35:19,119 --> 00:35:21,639 who had already won the battle of France. 456 00:35:25,559 --> 00:35:27,679 But Hitler appoints another general, 457 00:35:27,760 --> 00:35:31,440 Friedrich Paulus, to lead the offensive on Stalingrad. 458 00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:37,719 This is a doubly symbolic gesture. 459 00:35:37,800 --> 00:35:41,199 Paulus participated in the Barbarossa plan. 460 00:35:41,280 --> 00:35:44,079 He will erase the shame of the Moscow defeat by taking 461 00:35:44,159 --> 00:35:46,960 Stalingrad, Stalin's city. 462 00:35:49,440 --> 00:35:51,719 Paulus is in charge of the 6th Army, 463 00:35:51,800 --> 00:35:55,599 reputed to be the Wehrmacht's most powerful unit. 464 00:36:14,079 --> 00:36:15,519 The Landsers, the infantrymen, 465 00:36:15,599 --> 00:36:18,760 have been marching for 1200 miles. 466 00:36:22,000 --> 00:36:25,159 Over a decade, they have grown up in the Hitlerjugend, 467 00:36:25,239 --> 00:36:28,880 the Hitler Youth, which has turned them into fanatics. 468 00:36:30,360 --> 00:36:33,320 They were humiliated by the Moscow defeat and the loss of 469 00:36:33,400 --> 00:36:35,519 so many of their elders. 470 00:36:35,599 --> 00:36:38,599 Now, they, too, want their revenge. 471 00:36:44,599 --> 00:36:46,159 But as in Moscow, 472 00:36:46,239 --> 00:36:49,280 they didn't count on the Russians being so resistant. 473 00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:13,960 The Germans launch their Stuka dive bombers, 474 00:37:14,039 --> 00:37:16,599 which level the model city of Stalingrad, 475 00:37:16,679 --> 00:37:19,920 the pride of the Soviet regime. 476 00:37:32,159 --> 00:37:34,960 The Stukas also destroy the main industrial centers, 477 00:37:35,039 --> 00:37:38,519 like the T34 tank production lines inside the Tractor Plant, 478 00:37:38,599 --> 00:37:41,480 and the Red October Factory. 479 00:37:45,000 --> 00:37:48,280 However, the carcasses of twisted steel and city ruins 480 00:37:48,360 --> 00:37:51,199 become fortresses for the Russians. 481 00:37:51,519 --> 00:37:53,320 They provide shelter for snipers, 482 00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:57,440 like Vasily Zaitsev, who kills 225 German soldiers, 483 00:37:57,519 --> 00:38:00,480 according to the official story. 484 00:38:08,239 --> 00:38:11,119 Inside this hellhole, people fight with knives, 485 00:38:11,199 --> 00:38:13,400 even with sharpened shovels. 486 00:38:13,480 --> 00:38:16,440 They cut each other up in the cellars and sewers. 487 00:38:19,239 --> 00:38:23,599 And the months go by. 488 00:38:28,039 --> 00:38:31,159 Until the relentless winter returns. 489 00:38:38,840 --> 00:38:41,800 The Russians surround the Germans again. 490 00:38:56,199 --> 00:39:00,280 Zhukov and Khrushchev's armies sweep away Hitler's allies, 491 00:39:00,360 --> 00:39:03,000 the Hungarians, Romanians, and Italians who had been 492 00:39:03,079 --> 00:39:05,280 protecting Stalingrad's center, 493 00:39:05,360 --> 00:39:07,760 occupied by the Germans. 494 00:39:08,480 --> 00:39:12,880 On Christmas Day 1942, Hitler orders Manstein's army, 495 00:39:12,960 --> 00:39:16,280 further south, to come help the 6th Army. 496 00:39:20,920 --> 00:39:24,119 On December 29th, 30 miles from Stalingrad, 497 00:39:24,199 --> 00:39:28,199 Manstein is stopped by superior Russian forces. 498 00:39:38,239 --> 00:39:40,880 For a month, Goering, who had been bragging about supplying 499 00:39:40,960 --> 00:39:44,119 the troops under siege, mobilizes all available 500 00:39:44,199 --> 00:39:46,039 transport planes. 501 00:39:46,119 --> 00:39:48,559 They are not equipped for below-freezing temperatures, 502 00:39:48,639 --> 00:39:51,960 and the Russian fighters shoot down half of them. 503 00:39:54,400 --> 00:39:56,920 The few who managed to fly over the entrenched camp 504 00:39:57,000 --> 00:40:02,000 provide the very weak troops with barely 7 ounces of bread a day. 505 00:40:10,559 --> 00:40:13,760 On January 10th, 1943, 506 00:40:13,840 --> 00:40:17,480 Paulus gives the orders to eat the horses. 507 00:40:21,360 --> 00:40:24,000 After seven months of fierce combat, 508 00:40:24,079 --> 00:40:26,559 the Germans have run out of everything: 509 00:40:26,639 --> 00:40:29,000 no ammunition, no hope. 510 00:40:29,079 --> 00:40:32,920 Paulus signs the 6th Army's surrender to the Russians. 511 00:40:37,599 --> 00:40:39,639 Hitler, who is fully to blame, 512 00:40:39,719 --> 00:40:42,119 dares to judge those who obeyed him. 513 00:40:42,199 --> 00:40:45,800 "He comments:" The old commanders threw themselves on 514 00:40:45,880 --> 00:40:49,000 their swords when they saw that the cause was lost." 515 00:40:50,159 --> 00:40:53,159 And he adds: "I curse myself for having risked this war 516 00:40:53,239 --> 00:40:56,079 with such bad generals." 517 00:40:59,599 --> 00:41:03,239 The Russians capture 24 German generals, 518 00:41:04,119 --> 00:41:06,840 along with 2,500 officers and 519 00:41:06,920 --> 00:41:13,760 the 100,000 survivors of the 6th Army. 520 00:41:13,840 --> 00:41:18,039 Stalingrad remains one of the bloodiest battles in history. 521 00:41:20,480 --> 00:41:24,079 Stalin's Russia lost over one million men. 522 00:41:34,280 --> 00:41:36,679 Goebbels writes in his diary: 523 00:41:36,760 --> 00:41:41,000 "The Führer seems to have aged 15 years." 524 00:41:46,800 --> 00:41:51,320 In April 1943, a wave of hope sweeps through Rotterdam, 525 00:41:51,400 --> 00:41:54,719 Liège, Bordeaux, Belgrade, and Copenhagen. 526 00:41:56,760 --> 00:41:58,800 Despite the hardships, the fear, 527 00:41:58,880 --> 00:42:02,239 and the German occupation, the news of Hitler's defeat in 528 00:42:02,320 --> 00:42:05,119 Stalingrad fills hearts with joy. 529 00:42:08,880 --> 00:42:12,280 No, the Nazis are not invincible! 530 00:42:12,360 --> 00:42:15,760 The past year has been a dark one for the Germans. 531 00:42:17,440 --> 00:42:19,840 Their Japanese allies, initially victorious, 532 00:42:19,920 --> 00:42:22,920 were defeated in the Pacific. 533 00:42:24,599 --> 00:42:28,199 The Americans sank the Japanese aircraft carriers at Midway, 534 00:42:28,840 --> 00:42:31,559 and their famous Zero fighters had to land miserably 535 00:42:31,639 --> 00:42:33,840 on the ocean. 536 00:42:41,360 --> 00:42:43,719 In the Battle of the Desert, General Rommel, 537 00:42:43,800 --> 00:42:46,920 sick and weakened, was defeated by British forces 538 00:42:47,000 --> 00:42:49,800 in El Alamein, Egypt. 539 00:42:54,480 --> 00:42:57,679 Simultaneously, the Americans and the British landed in 540 00:42:57,760 --> 00:43:01,679 North Africa to prepare for the European invasion. 541 00:43:06,239 --> 00:43:12,159 CHURCHILL This in not the end, it is not even the beginning of the end. 542 00:43:13,480 --> 00:43:17,239 But it is perhaps the end of the beginning. 543 00:43:22,760 --> 00:43:25,280 Hitler regains his strength at the Berghof, 544 00:43:25,360 --> 00:43:29,000 his Berchtesgaden chalet. 545 00:43:34,519 --> 00:43:36,679 His determination is back. 546 00:43:36,760 --> 00:43:41,199 He declares: "Persistence is the secret to success!" 547 00:43:44,320 --> 00:43:48,679 On July 5th, 1943, he prepares to launch the Tigers and the 548 00:43:48,760 --> 00:43:52,000 Panthers, his new armored monsters, 549 00:43:52,079 --> 00:43:54,599 against the Soviets. 550 00:43:54,679 --> 00:43:57,400 He targets their weak link of defense at Kursk, 551 00:43:57,480 --> 00:43:59,280 in central Russia. 552 00:43:59,360 --> 00:44:05,679 Once again, Hitler is about to unleash the Apocalypse! 553 00:44:07,159 --> 00:44:08,440 Captioned by Cotter Media Group. 49217

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