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1
00:03:39,011 --> 00:03:45,851
My great-grandfather
and my grandfather kept bees,
2
00:03:46,477 --> 00:03:49,104
and my father had bees, too.
3
00:03:49,230 --> 00:03:54,944
I wasn't that interested,
I didn't like being stung.
4
00:03:55,611 --> 00:04:01,450
But when my father got on in years,
he said,
5
00:04:01,575 --> 00:04:06,622
"if you don't start getting interested
in the bees, I'll just sell them."
6
00:04:07,206 --> 00:04:13,045
That really got to me.
l thought,
7
00:04:13,170 --> 00:04:19,134
"if my father and grandfather
can put up with bee stings, so can I.
8
00:04:19,677 --> 00:04:21,595
I'm no sissy!"
9
00:14:52,267 --> 00:14:53,685
PLEASE COUNT ALONG!
10
00:15:34,267 --> 00:15:35,602
The bee's flying.
11
00:15:38,939 --> 00:15:43,818
Konstantin, we can switch
the radar on now. I'm coming.
12
00:15:46,488 --> 00:15:51,993
As we can see, the bee has decided
to fly to its original feeding site.
13
00:15:52,118 --> 00:15:53,995
It gets to a location
14
00:15:54,537 --> 00:15:58,667
where there used to be
a feeding place, but now it's gone.
15
00:16:01,419 --> 00:16:04,381
The bee initiates a few search flights,
16
00:16:05,298 --> 00:16:07,717
and flies around a bit.
17
00:16:07,842 --> 00:16:12,055
But it doesn't fly back.
18
00:16:12,180 --> 00:16:14,182
Instead, it makes a beeline east.
19
00:16:14,683 --> 00:16:18,436
And east is the place
where the dance told the bee to go.
20
00:16:20,230 --> 00:16:25,026
Someone's there with a feeding site.
And now it arrives.
21
00:16:25,151 --> 00:16:28,071
OK, red 23 just landed,
22
00:16:29,614 --> 00:16:31,533
and it's drinking.
23
00:16:33,576 --> 00:16:35,537
And now it returns to the hive.
24
00:16:35,662 --> 00:16:38,206
Not the way it has learned,
25
00:16:38,331 --> 00:16:42,127
and not the way
that was communicated in the dance.
26
00:16:42,252 --> 00:16:48,049
It takes a route
that it has somehow figured out by itself.
27
00:16:49,300 --> 00:16:51,970
Now it's back at the hive.
28
00:16:54,973 --> 00:17:00,311
We assume that even a brain
as small as a bee's
29
00:17:01,563 --> 00:17:05,567
is capable of imagining two outcomes,
30
00:17:05,692 --> 00:17:11,114
and that bees can predict the results
of their behaviour,
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00:17:11,239 --> 00:17:15,076
assess them and then plan:
32
00:17:15,201 --> 00:17:18,913
"I've decided to do this
and now I'll fly to that specific site."
33
00:20:43,785 --> 00:20:47,872
The bees are doing fine here today.
34
00:20:47,997 --> 00:20:52,418
Let me tell you,
for them today is like Sunday.
35
00:20:52,543 --> 00:20:56,297
No wonder their honey
turns out almost translucent.
36
00:20:57,590 --> 00:21:02,428
Pure nature, no pesticides, no poisons.
37
00:21:02,553 --> 00:21:05,515
It'll definitely be wonderful honey.
38
00:21:05,598 --> 00:21:08,559
I can't wait to have it
on my plate.
39
00:21:10,770 --> 00:21:13,773
Our native black bees are an old race
40
00:21:13,898 --> 00:21:18,903
that acclimatized itself here
centuries ago.
41
00:21:19,070 --> 00:21:22,865
If I were to bring bees up here
from the lowlands,
42
00:21:22,991 --> 00:21:26,035
the colony would have problems
surviving the winter.
43
00:21:26,160 --> 00:21:30,164
The bees up here
hibernate for more than half the year.
44
00:21:30,290 --> 00:21:35,837
They've learned to acclimatize
themselves over generations,
45
00:21:35,962 --> 00:21:37,922
so that's why it works.
46
00:21:49,851 --> 00:21:51,477
What have we got here?
47
00:21:52,020 --> 00:21:56,858
You and your yellow bum
have no business here. Scram!
48
00:21:57,650 --> 00:22:04,032
Over there, beyond that mountain,
someone else has bees.
49
00:22:04,157 --> 00:22:09,579
No idea what race he has.
But they fly all the way over here.
50
00:22:21,007 --> 00:22:24,677
Mating takes place in mid-air.
51
00:22:25,178 --> 00:22:29,891
Drones from other colonies,
from other beekeepers,
52
00:22:30,016 --> 00:22:35,104
all congregate together
at the drone meeting area.
53
00:22:35,730 --> 00:22:39,150
A queen mates with up to 10 drones,
54
00:22:39,275 --> 00:22:41,861
so that's why
there are these half-castes.
55
00:22:49,160 --> 00:22:52,121
- What race is that?
- Carnica.
56
00:22:53,456 --> 00:22:59,712
It upsets me a little that
the old native race is dwindling away.
57
00:23:01,422 --> 00:23:03,758
Look, it has those yellow rings
on its bum.
58
00:23:04,550 --> 00:23:07,512
I had black bees for a long time,
my father always did.
59
00:23:08,012 --> 00:23:10,515
Why did you switch?
60
00:23:11,557 --> 00:23:16,062
As we say in Bernese German: No more
beekeeping with a ladder on my back.
61
00:23:16,187 --> 00:23:18,314
- In other words, no hiving swarms.
- No?
62
00:23:18,773 --> 00:23:22,276
Of my 70 colonies, only three swarmed.
63
00:23:22,402 --> 00:23:24,779
- I don't believe it!
- Yes, that's all.
64
00:23:27,115 --> 00:23:32,120
What's more,
the Carnica hardly ever sting.
65
00:23:32,245 --> 00:23:36,082
- They sting less than black bees?
- Absolutely.
66
00:23:36,582 --> 00:23:40,753
Sometimes I help people
who have black bees.
67
00:23:40,878 --> 00:23:46,801
If I had to go beekeeping with them,
I'd quit.
68
00:23:46,926 --> 00:23:50,263
- I couldn't work with 70 colonies.
- Really?
69
00:23:50,346 --> 00:23:53,433
I don't even have a veil.
70
00:23:54,517 --> 00:23:56,269
I never wear one.
71
00:23:56,394 --> 00:23:58,771
Wouldn't you like to switch over?
72
00:23:59,647 --> 00:24:01,566
I think I'm too old for that.
73
00:24:01,732 --> 00:24:06,154
- You're not that old.
- But I am, I'm going downhill.
74
00:26:15,199 --> 00:26:19,537
When I find that queen,
I'm going to twist her little neck.
75
00:26:20,997 --> 00:26:22,248
There she is.
76
00:26:34,427 --> 00:26:36,721
You little two-timer.
77
00:26:37,972 --> 00:26:42,810
That's what happens to those
who seek pleasure elsewhere.
78
00:28:23,953 --> 00:28:28,040
The queen lays an egg
here in this honeycomb.
79
00:28:28,165 --> 00:28:32,378
Three days later,
a larva hatches from the egg.
80
00:28:32,503 --> 00:28:34,839
It's the breeding stock
81
00:28:34,964 --> 00:28:40,177
I want a new queen
with the same genes as her mother.
82
00:28:41,679 --> 00:28:46,976
The bees will raise queens
from these re-deposited larvae.
83
00:28:47,810 --> 00:28:52,064
They'll think it was a queen
who laid them there.
84
00:28:56,902 --> 00:29:01,699
Only the royal larva is fed,
with royal jelly,
85
00:29:01,824 --> 00:29:05,453
a secretion
from the salivary glands of the bees.
86
00:29:06,829 --> 00:29:10,958
And then the larva, which would normally
become a worker bee,
87
00:29:11,083 --> 00:29:12,918
turns into a queen.
88
00:29:18,090 --> 00:29:23,304
Now I'm putting the frame
with the larvae into the nurse colony,
89
00:29:23,429 --> 00:29:30,603
and I hope
I'll be getting 51 queens from this frame.
90
00:29:31,437 --> 00:29:33,230
So, bees, behave.
91
00:31:01,402 --> 00:31:05,322
You can see
the queen beginning to move her legs.
92
00:31:05,447 --> 00:31:08,826
She'll hatch in the next few hours.
93
00:31:09,493 --> 00:31:14,290
Now I'm going to stick it onto the honey,
here by the brood honeycomb,
94
00:31:14,456 --> 00:31:17,418
so that the bees
can get to it from the bottom.
95
00:31:18,502 --> 00:31:24,049
Still in her cell,
the queen opens the lid a bit
96
00:31:24,174 --> 00:31:29,054
and sticks out her tongue
so that the bees can feed her.
97
00:31:29,138 --> 00:31:32,975
This way, when she emerges,
she's already strengthened.
98
00:31:45,779 --> 00:31:49,158
The clouds help you see it better.
99
00:31:49,283 --> 00:31:50,451
Look! Over there!
100
00:31:50,951 --> 00:31:52,786
Do you see all the drones?
101
00:32:48,300 --> 00:32:49,843
There's the queen.
102
00:32:52,471 --> 00:32:53,514
Right!
103
00:32:54,932 --> 00:32:58,978
As soon as the queen starts laying eggs
and has covered the brood in the box,
104
00:32:59,103 --> 00:33:02,815
she's taken out
and is ready for shipment.
105
00:33:03,649 --> 00:33:06,986
This is nitro paint for cars.
106
00:33:07,111 --> 00:33:10,656
We use a different colour each year.
107
00:33:11,532 --> 00:33:14,159
That makes it easier
to find the queen in the hive
108
00:33:14,785 --> 00:33:18,080
and you can see at a glance
how old she is.
109
00:33:22,501 --> 00:33:27,047
To escort her on her journey
to wherever in the world she's being sent,
110
00:33:27,506 --> 00:33:30,134
the queen is given a royal entourage.
111
00:33:31,510 --> 00:33:32,970
Now a puff of smoke,
112
00:33:35,973 --> 00:33:38,684
because the queen still smells of paint.
113
00:33:38,809 --> 00:33:40,436
And some water
114
00:33:42,771 --> 00:33:45,315
so they'll lick each other off
115
00:33:45,441 --> 00:33:48,527
and become friends
and everything is fine.
116
00:33:58,078 --> 00:34:00,456
- There you go.
- 60 euros? Thank you.
117
00:34:06,211 --> 00:34:07,379
The price list.
118
00:34:09,423 --> 00:34:10,674
Right.
119
00:34:12,843 --> 00:34:13,886
And the invoice.
120
00:34:54,468 --> 00:34:56,386
To Innsbruck, please.
121
00:35:06,438 --> 00:35:08,649
- Sure it'll be there tomorrow morning?
- Yes.
122
00:35:08,774 --> 00:35:09,817
Good.
123
00:47:00,193 --> 00:47:04,823
This yellow neuron
not only tells the brain,
124
00:47:04,948 --> 00:47:06,491
"That was a reward!"
125
00:47:06,616 --> 00:47:13,289
It also tells the brain
that whatever is happening now is good.
126
00:47:14,207 --> 00:47:16,960
And there are other neurons
127
00:47:17,085 --> 00:47:21,089
that are responsible for fear or defence.
128
00:49:08,071 --> 00:49:10,365
The most exciting question is:
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00:49:10,531 --> 00:49:17,455
in a social context, is an organism
as complex as a colony of bees
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00:49:17,622 --> 00:49:25,213
a controlled system
in regard to its emotional disposition?
131
00:49:26,381 --> 00:49:30,593
We would think, yes,
the bee colony as a whole has feelings.
132
00:53:58,361 --> 00:54:00,613
Let's have a look.
133
00:54:00,738 --> 00:54:04,200
At first sight, it's looking quite good.
134
00:54:05,618 --> 00:54:07,954
But there's hardly any brood.
135
00:54:09,372 --> 00:54:10,665
Blast, Fred.
136
00:54:11,249 --> 00:54:13,084
What do you see?
137
00:54:16,087 --> 00:54:18,130
- Not good.
- No.
138
00:54:21,759 --> 00:54:24,887
Look! A classic case, very bad.
139
00:54:26,681 --> 00:54:30,893
This is a foulbrood honeycomb
if ever I saw one!
140
00:54:31,018 --> 00:54:33,854
I hope that was the only one.
141
00:54:35,022 --> 00:54:37,358
Something's wrong with this one, too.
142
00:54:38,317 --> 00:54:40,111
I don't like the look of it.
143
00:54:40,987 --> 00:54:44,365
They haven't cleaned the floor.
I don't like the look of that.
144
00:54:44,490 --> 00:54:48,703
- We don't like that.
- Blast, damn it.
145
00:54:51,706 --> 00:54:53,874
- See that?
- Yes, I do.
146
00:54:55,209 --> 00:54:57,461
This colony is lost, Fred.
147
00:55:00,089 --> 00:55:01,340
You can smell it.
148
00:55:01,465 --> 00:55:05,678
Yes. If you can smell it,
the infestation is really bad.
149
00:55:11,809 --> 00:55:15,563
Should we get everything ready
for sulphur fumigation?
150
00:55:19,984 --> 00:55:25,948
- Any idea what causes foulbrood?
- Bacteria. It's highly infectious.
151
00:55:27,116 --> 00:55:30,745
No idea where you got it,
maybe from foreign bees.
152
00:55:34,832 --> 00:55:37,585
I'm so sorry. Rotten luck for you.
153
00:58:53,322 --> 00:58:57,785
We drive south,
to Shanxi Province, by car.
154
00:58:58,661 --> 00:59:01,789
It's about 1300 miles.
155
00:59:03,832 --> 00:59:10,005
It takes us two days and two nights,
two drivers take turns driving.
156
00:59:10,756 --> 00:59:12,633
That's a lot of distance to cover.
157
00:59:21,559 --> 00:59:26,063
As soon as we get to the south,
158
00:59:26,188 --> 00:59:29,483
we rent a big room to dry the flowers.
159
00:59:31,068 --> 00:59:33,737
When the flowering period
in the south begins
160
00:59:33,862 --> 00:59:36,323
we buy flowers from the farmers.
161
00:59:38,158 --> 00:59:41,704
As soon as we have the flowers,
we start processing them.
162
00:59:43,581 --> 00:59:45,791
We have a refrigerator in the car.
163
00:59:48,586 --> 00:59:54,550
On the way back north, we connect it
when we stop for a break.
164
00:59:54,675 --> 01:00:00,931
It helps to preserve
the pollen's fertility.
165
01:00:02,641 --> 01:00:08,272
When the flowering period starts
here in the north,
166
01:00:08,397 --> 01:00:11,859
we sell the pollen powder to farmers.
167
01:00:52,316 --> 01:00:55,944
- Hello, I have the new pollen supplies.
- Hello!
168
01:00:56,654 --> 01:01:01,116
Are two ounces enough?
There isn't very much pollen this year.
169
01:01:01,241 --> 01:01:03,911
That's all I have now.
170
01:01:04,036 --> 01:01:06,580
I'll contact you when I've sold these.
171
01:01:06,705 --> 01:01:11,627
I take four yuan per packet,
but you can sell them for five.
172
01:01:15,464 --> 01:01:18,258
One bundle, 50 packets, please check.
173
01:01:23,555 --> 01:01:25,974
Pay when you can.
174
01:01:27,059 --> 01:01:29,645
I'm sure you'll sell these fast.
175
01:01:29,812 --> 01:01:32,523
Here. 15, 16,
176
01:01:32,648 --> 01:01:35,401
17, 18...
177
01:20:31,202 --> 01:20:36,165
The males don't sting.
See, I have it on my hand, and I'm fine.
178
01:20:38,668 --> 01:20:42,630
- Is that the mummy bee?
- No, that's a daddy bee.
179
01:21:52,116 --> 01:21:56,829
We believe it's crucial to preserve
the genetic diversity of bees.
180
01:21:56,954 --> 01:22:02,752
We shouldn't try
to produce specific traits,
181
01:22:02,877 --> 01:22:07,006
because then we'll continue
to lose genes and genetic diversity.
182
01:22:07,131 --> 01:22:12,136
Instead, we should try to bring
new variants back into the population.
183
01:22:13,888 --> 01:22:16,682
Killer bees have a better
immune system,
184
01:22:16,807 --> 01:22:20,227
but we can't have wolves
living among us.
185
01:22:20,353 --> 01:22:23,564
We need to live side by side
with the bees.
186
01:22:23,689 --> 01:22:26,692
In other words, we have no choice
187
01:22:26,817 --> 01:22:30,154
but to look for a compromise
between killer bees
188
01:22:30,279 --> 01:22:32,949
and the bees
that we're currently breeding,
189
01:22:33,074 --> 01:22:35,952
so that we can both live in harmony.
14457
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