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The German Army suffered terribly
during the First World War.
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And the German nation also suffered terribly,
especially after the war. The crippling sanctions
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enacted by the victors with the Treaty of
Versailles threw the country into serious depression.
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There was chaos in the
streets and anarchy in the air.
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Communists seized many
cities, including Berlin.
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While the great wealth of the nation was
bled away by outrageous war reparations,
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or sucked out by unscrupulous politicians,
the average German was impoverished.
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Inflation and unemployment soon followed and quickly
destroyed all hope, all confidence, all morality.
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German cities were awash in pornography and
prostitution with even starving children being bought
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and sold like sex toys. Crime was rampant;
drunkenness and drug addiction were widespread;
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suicide rates soared; the
situation seemed hopeless.
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And then, things
changed... dramatically.
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Soon after the National Socialists were
elected, the German economy sprang to life.
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Unemployment was erased. Building boomed. Great
projects began. Confidence burst to life anew.
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After years of hunger,
hardship, shame, and degradation,
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Germany became a happy,
hopeful nation again.
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Germany's transformation from squalor and
misery to a world super power was so incredible
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that the 1938 Time Magazine named
Adolf Hitler "Man of the Year."
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To many it seemed as if a new cultural, economic, and
political renaissance for all of Europe was at hand.
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But others, throughout the world -
envious, powerful, but above all, fearful -
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now worked night and day
to take Germany down....
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The Second World War was the most deadly and
destructive war in history. For six long years
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the unequal struggle pitting Germany against
the world continued, with first one side,
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then the other on top. But at last,
overwhelmed, Germany was once more defeated.
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This time, however, the Reich was to be punished
not with mere reparations... nor loss of land...
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nor with simple decadence and despair; no,
on this occasion Germany was to be subjected
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to pure hatred; hatred of the most
vicious, evil and depraved kind imaginable.
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Millions upon millions of Germans, many of whom
had nothing to do with the war, were systematically
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raped, tortured, slaughtered, and all in the
most sadistic and sickening ways imaginable.
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What happened to Germany and its people during
and after World War II has remained the darkest
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and best-kept secret
in world history...
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until now.
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This film is based upon the book by
author and historian, Thomas Goodrich.
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Over the past thirty years Goodrich has written
about a number of controversial subjects -
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the American Civil War, Abraham
Lincoln, the American Indian wars -
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but because World War Two remains
to this very day a pressing issue,
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the author feels this is by far
his most urgent and timely book.
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Thomas Goodrich: This is the story of the
crimes that were committed against Germany
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during and after World War Two. The words you
will hear are those of the victims themselves and
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witnesses to the atrocities. There will be
no attempt here to present the viewpoint of
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the "other side." Anyone seeking the victor's
version of World War II, need only watch any
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Hollywood movie, turn on the TV to any World
War II documentary, or visit any public library.
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This film, like the book it is based upon,
does not concern itself with what the Germans
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allegedly "did to the world" during the so
- called "Good War." No.
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The focus here is instead on what the world did to
the Germans. The crimes detailed herein are so vicious,
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so massive, and so evil, that there are no words
in the English language to accurately describe them.
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These are crimes that have been buried by
the victors under a mountain of propaganda
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and lies for now over 70 years.
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This film is dedicated not only to the voiceless
victims of the world's worst war, but also
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to future generations.
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Our hope is, that if there are enough good people
in the world, are willing to listen and learn
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what actually occurred to these innocent victims
- men, women, the old, young, the sick, animals -
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then they some day soon
will rise up as one,
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and with a united voice demand that
nothing like this ever happens again,
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to anyone, anywhere.
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TERROR BOMBING
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During World War Two, Germany was subjected
to an unrelenting assault from the sky.
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The Americans and British called it "carpet-bombing",
"saturation-bombing", or "unrestricted-bombing".
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However, the German women and children who
suffered through this nightmare called it
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by a simpler, more accurate
name - "Terror-Bombing."
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The terror campaign was no accident. It was
the secret plan of British Prime Minister
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Winston Churchill and Air Chief Marshal
Arthur Harris to unleash the full power of the
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Royal Air Force against German civilians; to
inflict as much damage, to destroy as many homes,
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and to kill as many men,
women and children as possible.
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Winston Churchill: German cities will be
subjected to an ordeal the like of which
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has never been experienced by a country
in continuity, severity or magnitude.
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To achieve this end there are no lengths
of violence to which we will not go.
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Churchill�s violence was on full display
during the night of July 24, 1943.
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To the residents of Hamburg - a city of over
one million souls - the raid seemed initially
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like a standard bombing run. But soon, hundreds
of enemy aircraft began raining down tons
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upon tons of high explosives on the very
heart of Hamburg. Schools, churches, hospitals,
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homes, ancient art and architecture, all were blown
to bits. The onslaught increased in fury with each
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succeeding wave of bombers, building minute
by minute into a fiery, devastating crescendo
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And then, the planes suddenly disappeared. The
skies were clear again, and all above was silent.
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When the stunned survivors reemerged
from their cellars later that night,
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they saw that their once beautiful
city was now a smoldering ruin.
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The following day, as firefighters from
throughout northern Germany battled the blaze,
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Allied bombers suddenly appeared over Hamburg
again. As planned, the Americans surprised not only
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the emergency workers, but columns of
fleeing refugees as well. Thousands perished.
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The next night, RAF bombers returned. In
addition to the normal payload of high explosives,
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the British sent down tons of
phosphorous bombs to accelerate the fires.
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The resulting conflagration ignited a "fire storm."
Hurricane-force winds created by the intense heat
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uprooted trees, ripped roofs from buildings and
sucked screaming victims into the raging inferno.
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Some who escaped the 150 mph (241 kph) winds
in the streets became mired in melting asphalt
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and quickly burst into flames. Those who
had thrown themselves into the city�s canals
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died of thermal radiation, then, as they
floated on the water�s surface, they too ignited.
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In the center of the fire-storm, temperatures
reached 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit (816 C).
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When the great mass of flames joined,
they rose into a column three miles high.
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The attacks against Hamburg
continued unabated for another week.
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00:10:04,088 --> 00:10:07,126
Soon, there was nothing left to destroy.
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00:10:12,002 --> 00:10:17,088
Appropriately dubbed by the Allies as "Operation
Gomorrah," the raids had been a cold and calculated
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attempt to scorch Hamburg and its
people, from the face of the earth.
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The plan succeeded. With thirteen square miles
of total destruction, with 750,000 homeless,
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with an estimated 60 to 100,000
dead, mostly women and children,
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Hamburg, for all intents and
purposes, had ceased to exist.
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It was now clear to all that the Allied air war
against Germany had become a war ofmassacre and terror.
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The pattern was repeated
time and again across Germany.
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All German cities suffered the same. After first
blasting a town to splinters, the Allied bombers quickly
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returned in the hope of catching survivors
and rescuers in the open and igniting with
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fire bombs all that remained. When the roaring
bombers released their lethal cargo, a veritable
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rain of fire descended upon a targeted town.
The thousands of small fires would join together
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to form one huge blaze, creating an
intense vortex of wind and flames.
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Kate Hoffmeister: I struggled to run
against the wind in the middle of the
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street. We couldn�t go on across
because the asphalt had melted. There
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were people on the roadway, some already dead,
some still lying alive but stuck in the asphalt.
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They were on their hands
and knees screaming.
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Some miraculously survived the inferno,
reaching safety in rivers, canals and parks.
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Thousands more, however, did not. When the raids
finally ended and the firestorms began to recede,
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rescue workers rushed to free
those still trapped underground.
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When would-be rescuers finally broke through
to buried bunkers they often found scenes
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of unimaginable horror. In cellars suffering
direct hits, walls were awash in blood,
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with bone, brains and body
parts splattered everywhere.
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Rescuers who entered some bunkers found
floors covered, in up to a foot of greasy fat,
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the victims rendered
down into a dark liquid.
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When word first filtered through to the outside
world of the butchery being visited upon the
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women and children of Germany by the Royal Air
Force, critics of these war crimes spoke out
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Author Vera Brittain: The ruthless mass bombing
of congested cities is as great a threat to
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the integrity of the human spirit as anything
which has yet occurred on this planet. There
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is no military or political advantage
which can justify this blasphemy.
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Although it was considered treasonous for members
of the RAF to criticize the bombing campaign
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the conscience of some was overwhelmed
by the hell being unleashed upon Germany.
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RAF Aviator: There were people down there being
fried to death in melted asphalt in the roads,
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they were being burnt up and we were
shuffling incendiary bombs into this holocaust.
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I felt terribly sorry for the people
in that fire I was helping to stoke up.
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As a symbol of the Third Reich, and as the most
obvious example of Germany�s will to fight on,
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more bombs were devoted to
Berlin than any other German city.
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It is another place, however, that has become most
widely associated with the terror campaign waged
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against Germany
- Dresden.
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00:14:14,078 --> 00:14:20,086
Since Dresden had suffered only two small raids
in the five years of war, many assumed that the
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city�s salvation was due to its irreplaceable
treasures - ornate palaces, world-renowned
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museums and art galleries, its
towering, centuries-old cathedrals.
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Others surmised that since Dresden had almost no heavy industry
- and what little it did have
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had no bearing on the war
- the enemy simply did not deem the city a viable target.
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To some, the twenty-six thousand Allied POWs interned
within the town appeared a more logical answer.
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Still others thought that, perhaps it was the
estimated half million refugees jamming the city,
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many who had fled Soviet atrocities in the
East, that kept Dresden safe from bombing.
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Despite the dire situation as war closed in,
Dresdeners were determined on the night of
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February 13 to enjoy an annual event, known
in America as Mardi Gras, but celebrated in
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Germany as "Fashing." Women and children,
along with the few remaining men, many in
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costume, flooded the streets of Dresden
to celebrate the event, one last time,
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before Germany's looming defeat.
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Just before ten p.m. sirens began wailing.
There was no panic. Most residents simply
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ignored the sounds. Even had there been any
air raid shelters few would have fled to them
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for there seemed little doubt on this cold,
yet cheery night, that like the 171 false
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alarms which had preceded it, this
warning too, would end in nothing.
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However, instead of the "All Clear" siren, a short
time later Dresden heard another sound, a sound
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similar to a rolling earthquake. As wave after
wave of RAF bombers appeared overhead, thousands
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of bombs tumbled down.
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Added to the normal payload of high explosives,
hundreds of two- and four-ton "block-buster" bombs
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slammed into Dresden, obliterating entire
neighborhoods. Ancient cathedrals, palaces
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and museums were reduced to rubble within
seconds. At the railroad station, hundreds
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of individuals who had refused to leave their
highly coveted train seats were blown to bits.
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At the huge indoor circus, spectators, performers
and animals were slaughtered by blast and
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hissing shrapnel. Well-marked hospitals were
targeted. In the streets, on the sidewalks,
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atop the bridges over the Elbe River,
costumed revelers with nowhere to run,
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were slain by the thousands.
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Without let-up, the massacre continued.
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And then, the roar above ceased, the explosions
stopped, and there was quiet once more.
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Several minutes later, the welcomed silence was
broken, by the even more welcome sound of the
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"All Clear" signal. What had seemed an all
- night trial by fire had actually occurred in just
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under half an hour. In those thirty minutes,
however, one of the world�s most beautiful
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architectural treasures
had all but vanished.
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Fire brigades from surrounding towns arrived.
Red Cross workers spread out to help the victims.
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Families screamed for missing loved ones. For
many, the end of the world had seemingly arrived.
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No one, however, was at all emotionally
prepared for what came next....
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At 1:30 a.m., the earth began to tremble once
again. As more than a thousand bombers roared
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overhead, a rain of death showered down on
Dresden. In addition to explosives, the second
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wave brought tons of incendiary bombs. In a
matter of minutes, the thousands of fire bombs
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ignited the debris and a racing furnace of
flame erupted. Unfamiliar with the bombing
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raids and fire storms, most Dresdeners reacted
slowly. Many sought safety in cellars again,
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not realizing that the terrific heat
would transform their havens into ovens.
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Others ran for safety through the streets, only
to become mired in melting asphalt or sucked
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into the roaring furnace. Copper roofs melted,
sending down streams of molten metal upon
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00:18:59,004 --> 00:19:01,082
the people below.
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Throughout the night, the fiery hell that
was Dresden claimed victims by the thousands,
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by the tens of thousands, and
by the hundreds of thousands.
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The following day, when the fires had
cooled, rescue workers went to work.
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Rescue worker: Never would I have thought
that death could come to so many people in
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00:19:29,075 --> 00:19:36,100
so many different ways. Sometimes the
victims looked like ordinary people apparently
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peacefully sleeping; the faces of others were
racked with pain, the bodies stripped almost
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naked by the tornado; there were wretched
refugees from the East clad only in rags,
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and people from the Opera in all their
finery; here the victim was a shapeless slab,
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there a layer of ashes. Across the city, along
the streets wafted the unmistakable stench
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of decaying flesh.
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Indeed, of all the hideous scents wafting
through Dresden - sulfur, gas, sewage -
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the heavy stench of
cooked flesh blanketed all.
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What were at first mistaken to be thousands
of burnt logs scattered about the streets
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were soon found to be charred corpses glued to
the surface, each reduced to roughly three feet.
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Rescue worker: One shape I will never forget
was the remains of what had apparently been
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a mother and a child. They had shriveled and
charred into one piece, and had been stuck
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rigidly to the asphalt. They had just been
prised up. The child must have been underneath
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the mother, because you could still clearly see
its shape, with its mother�s arms clasped around it.
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00:21:07,008 --> 00:21:12,050
Aware that those in the old city would flee
the flames to the open spaces, the RAF had
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00:21:13,023 --> 00:21:18,582
hurled hundreds of high explosive bombs into
the huge central park. Here, the slaughter
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00:21:18,789 --> 00:21:25,789
was ghastly - torn-off limbs, mutilated torsos,
heads blown from their bodies and hurled away.
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00:21:26,069 --> 00:21:28,087
The nightmare was everywhere.
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Red Cross Worker: I went down on my knees,
trembled and cried. Several women lay
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00:21:35,007 --> 00:21:40,846
there with their bellies burst open, and one
could see the babies for they were hanging
199
00:21:41,539 --> 00:21:48,539
half outside. Many of the babies were
mutilated. Scenes like that one I saw everywhere
200
00:21:48,574 --> 00:21:53,130
and very slowly one became
numbed. One acted like a zombie.
201
00:21:56,008 --> 00:22:01,027
The next morning, word spread that survivors
should assemble in the city park. As the suffering
202
00:22:01,062 --> 00:22:05,033
mass climbed over the debris and the dead,
they reached the park as well as the grassy
203
00:22:05,087 --> 00:22:12,087
banks of the Elbe. Some found missing
loved ones. Most, however, did not.
204
00:22:13,098 --> 00:22:20,122
And then, shattering the calm, came the sounds once more
- the roar of engines overhead.
205
00:22:21,004 --> 00:22:26,403
As US bombers began blasting the rubble to dust,
American fighter planes zeroed in on the thousands
206
00:22:26,799 --> 00:22:31,825
of refugees at the park, along
the river and in other open spaces.
207
00:22:33,038 --> 00:22:38,051
Even zoo animals which had miraculously
managed to survive the bombing raids,
208
00:22:38,086 --> 00:22:44,101
were strafed and slaughtered. A weeping zoo
keeper watched as an American pilot chased down and
209
00:22:45,001 --> 00:22:48,023
shot his last remaining giraffe.
210
00:22:48,087 --> 00:22:54,152
Although the raid lasted only ten minutes, the
Americans returned the next day, and the next,
211
00:22:55,052 --> 00:23:00,136
and the next, seemingly determined that not a
single living thing should survive in Dresden.
212
00:23:02,046 --> 00:23:08,039
One of the horrors for those who had survived
the nightmare was recovery of the dead.
213
00:23:08,074 --> 00:23:12,116
Initially, bodies were pitchforked onto trucks
and wagons, and then take to shallow graves on the
214
00:23:13,002 --> 00:23:18,056
outskirts of Dresden. It soon
became clear that such a slow process
215
00:23:18,074 --> 00:23:22,162
could never handle the enormous amount of
bodies, so huge grills were fashioned from
216
00:23:23,062 --> 00:23:28,991
girders in various parts of town and corpses
were stacked on them like logs. When the piles
217
00:23:29,549 --> 00:23:35,551
reached roughly ten feet high and thirty feet
wide, flame throwers were used to ignite the mass.
218
00:23:38,006 --> 00:23:43,104
One month after the massacre, the Dresden Chief
of Police reported that over 200,000 bodies
219
00:23:44,059 --> 00:23:49,049
had been recovered from the ruins. Later,
the International Red Cross estimated
220
00:23:49,084 --> 00:23:56,803
that 275,000 had died in the raids. Because of
the incredible density of Dresden�s population
221
00:23:57,559 --> 00:24:02,343
on the night of February 13th�14th, because
thousands of victims were refugees with no
222
00:24:02,378 --> 00:24:07,127
records, and because many bodies either lay
buried forever in the ruins or had simply
223
00:24:08,027 --> 00:24:13,123
melted like wax, other estimates, which place
the death toll at 300,000 to 400,000 may well
224
00:24:14,023 --> 00:24:16,067
be closer to the mark.
225
00:24:18,004 --> 00:24:21,028
More people died during the
firebombing of Dresden than during the
226
00:24:21,065 --> 00:24:24,071
nuclear bombings of Hiroshima
and Nagasaki combined.
227
00:24:27,001 --> 00:24:33,001
RAF crewman: To just fly over it without opposition
felt like murder. I felt it was a cowardly war.
228
00:24:36,014 --> 00:24:41,015
Working in tandem with the terror bombing of
German cities was the "targets of opportunity"
229
00:24:41,024 --> 00:24:48,463
policy upon the countryside. Under this order,
anything moving in the Reich was fair game
230
00:24:48,679 --> 00:24:55,745
for Allied fighter planes. Ships, trucks,
cars, trains, ambulances, women shopping on
231
00:24:56,035 --> 00:25:03,064
bicycles, farmers in fields, animals in pastures,
even children in school yards, were targets
232
00:25:03,099 --> 00:25:04,073
of Allied aircraft.
233
00:25:09,001 --> 00:25:15,064
In a flagrant attempt to widen the war, American
bombers even attacked Zurich, Basel, and other
234
00:25:15,073 --> 00:25:21,262
targets in neutral Switzerland. Additionally,
Winston Churchill made plans to saturate German
235
00:25:21,919 --> 00:25:26,011
cities with poison gas and kill those women
and children yet alive amid the rubble.
236
00:25:26,084 --> 00:25:31,089
When advisers pointed out that Adolf Hitler might
reply in kind with his own stockpiles of chemical
237
00:25:32,034 --> 00:25:35,373
weapons, the murderous plan was shelved.
238
00:25:35,679 --> 00:25:40,764
Meanwhile, the hell raining from the clouds
mirrored an ongoing hell rising from the mud.
239
00:25:41,529 --> 00:25:46,554
As Germans soon came to realize, the Allied
powers sought not only the physical destruction
240
00:25:46,779 --> 00:25:51,827
of Germany, but the spiritual
massacre of the nation as well.
241
00:25:53,036 --> 00:25:57,036
THE RAPE OF GERMANY
242
00:26:03,082 --> 00:26:07,170
The evil swept in from the East. There were
constant rumors and hints about what might
243
00:26:08,007 --> 00:26:15,007
be expected should the Soviet Union overrun
Germany. Most Germans, however, remained hopeful.
244
00:26:16,007 --> 00:26:20,226
Such notions of "Asiatic hordes", many
felt, were merely the government�s attempt
245
00:26:20,289 --> 00:26:22,294
to harden their will to resist.
246
00:26:23,058 --> 00:26:29,060
Thus it was, that on the night of October
20th, 1944, as the village of Nemmersdorf and
247
00:26:29,078 --> 00:26:35,170
other communities nearest the front slept in
imagined security, the unthinkable occurred.
248
00:26:36,007 --> 00:26:41,012
After punching a hole through the German line,
the Red Army suddenly burst into the Reich
249
00:26:42,002 --> 00:26:48,068
and swarmed over the countryside. After several
days of desperate fighting the German Wehrmacht
250
00:26:48,086 --> 00:26:53,138
regrouped, launched a furious counterattack,
and eventually drove the Red Army across
251
00:26:54,038 --> 00:27:01,040
the border. What German troops soon found
was staggering. It was at Nemmersdorf where
252
00:27:01,059 --> 00:27:05,028
stunned soldiers first
viewed hell on earth.
253
00:27:05,559 --> 00:27:11,330
Along the roads, fleeing refugees had been
overtaken by the communists; the people were
254
00:27:11,365 --> 00:27:15,107
pulled from their carts, raped,
then murdered on the spot.
255
00:27:17,028 --> 00:27:23,082
A witness: In the farmyard further down the
road stood a cart, to which four naked women
256
00:27:23,117 --> 00:27:30,110
were nailed through their hands in a
cruciform position. Beyond stood a barn
257
00:27:31,001 --> 00:27:38,006
and to each of its two doors a naked woman was
nailed through the hands, in a crucified posture.
258
00:27:39,002 --> 00:27:45,058
In the dwellings we found a total of seventy
- two women, including children,
259
00:27:46,038 --> 00:27:59,110
and one old man, 74, all dead, all murdered
in a bestial manner, except only a few who
260
00:28:00,001 --> 00:28:03,065
had bullet holes in their necks.
261
00:28:05,042 --> 00:28:09,045
Some babies had their heads bashed in.
262
00:28:13,062 --> 00:28:19,120
In one room we found a woman,
84 years old, sitting on a sofa,
263
00:28:20,002 --> 00:28:28,020
half of whose head had been
sheared off with an ax or a spade.
264
00:28:30,064 --> 00:28:34,158
Old men who had tried to protect their wives,
daughters and granddaughters, were themselves
265
00:28:35,058 --> 00:28:41,657
knocked down, then sawed in half. Fifty French
POWs and Polish workers who had instinctively
266
00:28:42,179 --> 00:28:46,188
stepped in to protect the
people were castrated and killed.
267
00:28:47,008 --> 00:28:52,026
Staggered by the enormity of the crime, German
authorities requested that neutral observers
268
00:28:52,061 --> 00:28:58,325
from Spain, Sweden and Switzerland view the
sickening carnage close up. However, when
269
00:28:58,559 --> 00:29:04,561
the visitors filed their reports and word finally
reached the outside world, there was only silence.
270
00:29:06,002 --> 00:29:11,076
By the winter of 1944, the vicious propaganda
war waged against Germany had been won.
271
00:29:13,006 --> 00:29:17,965
By that late stage of the conflict, the
war of words had reached such evil extremes
272
00:29:18,559 --> 00:29:22,037
that few individuals beyond the Reich�s
borders were concerned about brained German
273
00:29:22,072 --> 00:29:28,083
babies or crucified German women. By the final
months of the war, the enemy to be destroyed
274
00:29:28,118 --> 00:29:33,089
was not merely Adolf Hitler, the Nazi
Party or even the soldiers in the field.
275
00:29:34,043 --> 00:29:39,137
By the final months of the war, the aim of the
approaching Allies was nothing less than the utter
276
00:29:40,037 --> 00:29:47,111
extinction of the German nation
- every man, every woman, every child.
277
00:29:49,004 --> 00:29:54,010
Fueling the flames of hate was the Jewish
propagandist Ilya Ehrenburg. One of the most
278
00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:59,997
influential men in the Soviet Union, Ehrenburg
made sure his message of evil reached every
279
00:30:00,032 --> 00:30:05,035
soldier in the Red Army by ordering that leaflets
be dropped from airplanes onto the front lines.
280
00:30:05,062 --> 00:30:12,126
Ehrenburg's directive: Kill them all, men,
old men, children and the women, after you
281
00:30:12,161 --> 00:30:19,190
have amused yourself with them! Kill. Nothing
in Germany is guiltless, neither the living
282
00:30:20,009 --> 00:30:27,011
nor the yet unborn. Break the racial
pride of the German woman. Take her as your
283
00:30:28,001 --> 00:30:35,079
legitimate booty. Kill, you brave
soldiers of the victorious Soviet Army.
284
00:30:37,036 --> 00:30:42,114
Soon, as the Red Army forced the Wehrmacht
back in the east, millions of German civilians
285
00:30:43,149 --> 00:30:48,195
suffered the same ghastly fate
as the victims of Nemmesdorf.
286
00:30:49,052 --> 00:30:54,056
Although first encounters with Soviet shock
troops were truly traumatic, it was the second
287
00:30:54,057 --> 00:31:00,130
wave of soldiers who delivered hell on earth.
In numerous instances, before troops pushed on
288
00:31:01,003 --> 00:31:03,079
they turned to the helpless
civilians and warned:
289
00:31:04,006 --> 00:31:08,072
The Mongols are coming. Very
bad men. You go quick. Go quick.
290
00:31:12,018 --> 00:31:18,112
Terrified by the news, many Germans did attempt
to flee. Most, however, found themselves trapped.
291
00:31:19,013 --> 00:31:24,069
Other than destroy liquor and hide young girls,
most could only watch the clock and pray that
292
00:31:24,104 --> 00:31:29,147
their worst fears were unfounded. After a
wait of sometimes days, but normally hours,
293
00:31:30,047 --> 00:31:33,079
the dreaded second wave arrived.
294
00:31:34,004 --> 00:31:39,004
Composed largely of Mongols and other Asians,
as well as convicts, these men who formed
295
00:31:39,409 --> 00:31:45,461
the second wave of troops were regarded, even
by their own comrades, as utterly merciless.
296
00:31:46,058 --> 00:31:50,136
Leading this group were the Communist commissars,
the fanatical political officers composed
297
00:31:51,036 --> 00:31:57,215
almost exclusively of Jews. These hate- filled
individuals acted as the more-than- willing
298
00:31:57,539 --> 00:32:00,615
orchestrators of the horrors
that befell the German people.
299
00:32:01,099 --> 00:32:06,408
Of all the methods used to express its
hatred, the Red Army said it best with rape.
300
00:32:08,098 --> 00:32:14,142
Rape Survivor: And when the first Russians
came, the combat troops, they came in and
301
00:32:15,429 --> 00:32:21,464
wanted to see everything, asked about weapons,
and soldiers, looked at everything closely,
302
00:32:21,779 --> 00:32:29,779
didn't find anything, and were very friendly,
and just left. Then the next lot arrived.
303
00:32:31,001 --> 00:32:37,099
The next one took me outside straight away. My
mother wanted to throw herself in front of me,
304
00:32:38,009 --> 00:32:46,011
but she was pushed back. And then they took
me upstairs, and as I tried to defend myself,
305
00:32:46,046 --> 00:32:54,018
he showed me his gun. And then when I
came back down, I was.. well, shocked,
306
00:32:54,081 --> 00:33:02,104
but I was just happy that I was still alive.
They said, "Woman, Come!" They said it in German,
307
00:33:03,004 --> 00:33:11,007
"Frau kommen!" in German. We were
the prize. It was always like that.
308
00:33:12,309 --> 00:33:19,405
From eight to eighty years old, healthy or
ill, indoors or out, in fields, on sidewalks,
309
00:33:20,269 --> 00:33:27,291
against walls, the defilement, torture, and
murder of German women continued unabated.
310
00:33:28,001 --> 00:33:33,060
Merely because a female had been raped once
was also no guarantee she would not be assaulted
311
00:33:33,159 --> 00:33:37,000
again... and again... and again.
312
00:33:38,042 --> 00:33:43,136
A victim: The Russians were coming and going
the whole time and they kept eyeing us greedily.
313
00:33:45,068 --> 00:33:51,144
The nights were dreadful because we were
never safe for a moment. The women were raped,
314
00:33:52,044 --> 00:33:59,118
not once or twice but ten, twenty, thirty and
a hundred times, and it was all the same to
315
00:34:00,018 --> 00:34:07,082
the Russians whether they raped mere children
or old women. The youngest victim in the row
316
00:34:07,117 --> 00:34:14,178
houses where we lived was ten years of
age and the oldest one was over seventy.
317
00:34:17,064 --> 00:34:22,122
The women of Germany not only had to endure
this onslaught of rape, torture, and murder,
318
00:34:23,022 --> 00:34:26,098
but also, the humiliation of having
it witnessed by friends and family.
319
00:34:27,009 --> 00:34:32,081
A witness: These atrocities were not committed
secretly or in hidden corners but in public,
320
00:34:33,062 --> 00:34:38,841
in churches, on the streets, and on the
squares. Mothers were raped in the presence of
321
00:34:39,004 --> 00:34:42,040
their children, girls were
raped in front of their brothers.
322
00:34:43,024 --> 00:34:48,033
When even violated corpses could no longer
be of use, sticks, iron bars and telephone
323
00:34:49,149 --> 00:34:53,187
receivers were commonly
rammed into their vaginas.
324
00:34:54,027 --> 00:34:59,346
Jewish commissars had a special desire to
defile the churches of Germany. Soon after
325
00:34:59,589 --> 00:35:04,613
the fall of Danzig, hundreds of desperate
females pleaded with an officer for protection.
326
00:35:04,829 --> 00:35:10,458
The Soviet pointed to a Catholic cathedral.
After the women were safely inside, the officer
327
00:35:10,493 --> 00:35:16,803
yelled to his men, pointed to the church,
and with bells ringing and organ pipes roaring
328
00:35:16,838 --> 00:35:23,114
the horror continued all night. Some women
and girls inside, some as young as 8 years old,
329
00:35:24,014 --> 00:35:30,021
were raped more than thirty times. Little boys
who tried to shield their mothers were shot.
330
00:35:32,579 --> 00:35:37,853
When Soviet soldiers captured the city of
Neustettin in February 1945, they discovered
331
00:35:37,888 --> 00:35:43,127
several large camps of the Women�s Reich
Labor Service, an organization composed mostly
332
00:35:44,027 --> 00:35:50,048
of girls who worked on various projects from
nursing to street repair. After re-capturing
333
00:35:50,083 --> 00:35:56,069
the area, the German soldiers were horrified
by what had happened to the 2,500 females.
334
00:36:00,056 --> 00:36:05,060
German soldier: We had never seen anything like it
- utterly, unbelievably monstrous!
335
00:36:07,004 --> 00:36:13,066
Naked, dead women lay in many of the rooms.
Swastikas had been cut into their abdomens,
336
00:36:15,019 --> 00:36:23,115
in some the intestines bulged out, breasts were
cut up, faces beaten to a pulp and swollen puffy.
337
00:36:24,078 --> 00:36:29,103
Others had been tied to the furniture
by their hands and feet, and massacred.
338
00:36:30,003 --> 00:36:34,976
A broomstick protruded from the vagina
of one, a besom from that of another.
339
00:36:35,011 --> 00:36:40,087
The mothers had to witness how their ten and
twelve-year-old daughters were raped by some 20 men;
340
00:36:40,122 --> 00:36:45,096
the daughters in turn saw their mothers
being raped, even their grandmothers.
341
00:36:48,024 --> 00:36:54,030
Women who tried to resist were brutally
tortured to death. There was no mercy.
342
00:36:55,014 --> 00:37:00,534
The women we liberated were in a state almost
impossible to describe. Their faces had a confused,
343
00:37:00,569 --> 00:37:06,055
vacant look. Some were beyond speaking to, ran
up and down and moaned the same sentences over
344
00:37:06,082 --> 00:37:08,114
and over again.
345
00:37:10,018 --> 00:37:15,016
Having seen the consequences of these
bestial atrocities, we were terribly
346
00:37:15,051 --> 00:37:21,640
agitated and determined to fight. We knew the
war was past winning; but it was our obligation
347
00:37:22,099 --> 00:37:26,041
and sacred duty to fight
to the very last bullet.
348
00:37:26,076 --> 00:37:31,120
While its men fought furiously in the East,
Germany was also trying to stave off invasion
349
00:37:32,021 --> 00:37:37,556
from the West. Unfortunately, the invaders
on this front often did not behave any better
350
00:37:37,591 --> 00:37:42,849
than their Soviet Allies; battlefield newsmen
to the west simply did not report the crimes.
351
00:37:42,884 --> 00:37:48,107
As tens of thousands of German rape victims
could attest, there was no safety among the
352
00:37:49,007 --> 00:37:51,011
American and British.
353
00:37:52,024 --> 00:38:00,120
Millions massacred, millions raped, millions already enslaved
- but this was only the beginning
354
00:38:01,002 --> 00:38:02,054
of Germany�s nightmare.
355
00:38:06,008 --> 00:38:09,096
THE BALTIC MASSACRE
356
00:38:16,008 --> 00:38:20,014
With the German army in headlong retreat,
hordes of Red soldiers swarmed into
357
00:38:20,068 --> 00:38:23,152
Greater Germany during
the last winter of the war.
358
00:38:25,068 --> 00:38:27,156
As word of the Soviet
breakthrough spread,
359
00:38:28,056 --> 00:38:32,092
millions of Germans hastily packed
and fled into the freezing weather.
360
00:38:33,069 --> 00:38:38,143
Most merely packed farm carts, hitched horses
or cows, and set off as fast as their animals
361
00:38:39,043 --> 00:38:47,043
would take them. Already bitterly cold, several
days after the "treks" began the temperature plunged.
362
00:38:48,028 --> 00:38:52,034
As a result, little children and
infants dropped by the thousands.
363
00:38:53,002 --> 00:38:57,098
With the earth hard as rock, tiny holes
dug in the snowbanks served as graves.
364
00:38:59,016 --> 00:39:06,100
A young mother: It was so terribly cold, and
the wind was like ice� the snow was falling
365
00:39:06,135 --> 00:39:13,184
and nothing warm to eat, no milk and nothing.
I tried to give Gabi the breast, behind a
366
00:39:14,084 --> 00:39:22,092
house, but she didn�t take it because
everything was so cold. Many women tried that,
367
00:39:23,064 --> 00:39:26,072
and some froze their breasts.
368
00:39:27,076 --> 00:39:32,078
Given the chaotic conditions, and with freezing
refugees clogging the way, many treks were
369
00:39:32,098 --> 00:39:38,467
quickly overhauled by the Russians. Some Soviet
tanks crashed straight through the columns,
370
00:39:39,349 --> 00:39:46,234
squashing all in their path. After heavy traffic, the victims
- men, women, children, animals,
371
00:39:46,269 --> 00:39:53,119
all
- were pressed together as flat as cardboard. Those terrified survivors who had scattered to
372
00:39:54,019 --> 00:39:57,019
the icy countryside fell easy prey.
373
00:39:59,068 --> 00:40:03,152
As always, for females the
living death soon began.
374
00:40:07,068 --> 00:40:14,068
For millions of Germans cut off on the Baltic coast, only one avenue of escape remained
- the sea.
375
00:40:18,002 --> 00:40:23,571
As isolated Wehrmacht units desperately defended
their shrinking Baltic beach-heads, millions
376
00:40:23,589 --> 00:40:29,028
of refugees poured into the coastal enclaves.
With their backs literally to the sea, only
377
00:40:29,063 --> 00:40:36,067
the slow and treacherous evacuation by boat was
an option. Consequently, at Memel, Konigsberg,
378
00:40:37,004 --> 00:40:42,036
Danzig, and other besieged cauldrons,
the situation was appalling.
379
00:40:42,369 --> 00:40:48,986
Juergen Thorwald: Every alley, every street
was packed with their vehicles. People were
380
00:40:49,021 --> 00:40:56,021
waiting in every harbor shed, in every wind
- sheltered corner. Among them stood their beasts, bleating,
381
00:40:56,056 --> 00:41:02,051
snorting, lowing. The pregnant women
giving birth somewhere in a corner, on the
382
00:41:02,086 --> 00:41:08,012
ground, in a barracks. Some of them had
been raped on their flight, and now they
383
00:41:08,047 --> 00:41:15,111
were trembling for fear they would give birth
to a monster. The strangely pale faces of
384
00:41:16,012 --> 00:41:22,977
girls going up and down the streets asking
for a doctor. The wounded and the sick,
385
00:41:23,012 --> 00:41:29,100
in constant fear they would be left behind, concealing
weapons under their blankets to force someone
386
00:41:30,001 --> 00:41:37,001
to take them along, or to end their
own lives if the Russians came.
387
00:41:38,002 --> 00:41:46,014
The orphans who had been saved from their asylum
somewhere at the last moment and tossed onto carts
388
00:41:46,032 --> 00:41:51,039
with nothing around them but a blanket, and who
were now lying on the floors with frozen limbs.
389
00:41:52,045 --> 00:41:59,048
The old people who had lain down in some
doorway at night, and had not awakened.
390
00:42:00,084 --> 00:42:08,128
And the wild-eyed insane ones who rushed
from house to house, from wagon to wagon,
391
00:42:09,028 --> 00:42:12,084
crying for their mothers
or their children.
392
00:42:13,036 --> 00:42:23,104
Over it all the gray sky, snow, frost,
and thaw.. and thaw and frost and snow,
393
00:42:24,004 --> 00:42:27,032
and the chill, killing wet.
394
00:42:30,000 --> 00:42:35,835
When a long-sought vessel finally tied up
and lowered the walkways, pandemonium erupted
395
00:42:35,870 --> 00:42:41,518
on the docks. Because of an order granting
priority to those with children, the latter
396
00:42:41,553 --> 00:42:47,166
became more valuable than gold. Once adults
had boarded, they often tossed infants to
397
00:42:48,066 --> 00:42:55,066
relatives or friends below in hopes they might
also board. Many babies died, of course, either
398
00:42:55,101 --> 00:43:02,072
falling into the freezing water
or smashing onto the docks below.
399
00:43:03,008 --> 00:43:08,014
Nearby, terribly wounded soldiers
quietly awaited their turn to board.
400
00:43:11,359 --> 00:43:18,359
For those who sailed from the besieged
ports, their prayers appeared answered;
401
00:43:19,044 --> 00:43:27,112
for those left standing behind, their doom seemed
sealed. Many men, "in a surge of madness," shot
402
00:43:28,012 --> 00:43:34,043
themselves. Crazed mothers, with starvation
gnawing and the red terror looming, found
403
00:43:34,078 --> 00:43:40,074
cyanide and poisoned their children, then
themselves. Old people merely crawled into
404
00:43:40,109 --> 00:43:43,141
snow banks, fell
asleep, and never awoke.
405
00:43:44,096 --> 00:43:50,180
Unfortunately, for thousands of refugees, there
was no escaping the nightmare, even at sea.
406
00:43:53,044 --> 00:43:58,116
While many refugee ships successfully traversed
the treacherous Baltic, Allied bombers were
407
00:43:59,016 --> 00:44:07,084
often the first to greet them when they docked.
At Swinemunde in northern Germany, the arrival
408
00:44:07,119 --> 00:44:12,172
of a freighter loaded with evacuees coincided
almost exactly with an Allied air raid.
409
00:44:13,072 --> 00:44:20,076
Hardly had the ship docked when a direct hit sent it to
the bottom, taking 2,000 screaming passengers with it.
410
00:44:27,029 --> 00:44:33,062
On January 30, 1945, over 60,000
refugees crowded the docks of Gotenhafen,
411
00:44:33,097 --> 00:44:39,108
desperately trying to board the Wilhelm Gustloff,
a former cruise liner designed to accommodate
412
00:44:40,008 --> 00:44:46,010
two thousand passengers and crew. By the time the
beautiful white ship cast off, she had taken on as many
413
00:44:46,045 --> 00:44:49,076
as six to eight thousand refugees.
414
00:44:50,003 --> 00:44:55,233
As the Gustloff backed away from the port, her
path was blocked by smaller craft all jammed
415
00:44:55,268 --> 00:45:00,464
with passengers begging to come aboard. Nets
were lowered, and an additional two thousand
416
00:45:00,599 --> 00:45:06,032
refugees scrambled up. Strained far beyond
its limits, the tightly-sealed ship filled
417
00:45:06,067 --> 00:45:14,143
with a hot, nauseating stench of urine, excrement,
and vomit. The groans of severely wounded
418
00:45:15,044 --> 00:45:20,092
soldiers and the screams of separated
families added to the ghastly horror.
419
00:45:21,044 --> 00:45:24,088
But the worst was yet to come.
420
00:45:27,004 --> 00:45:33,012
At approximately 9 p.m., three heavy thuds
rocked the Gustloff. Panic-stricken, thousands
421
00:45:34,021 --> 00:45:39,010
below deck stampeded through the narrow
passageways, crushing and clawing in a mad attempt
422
00:45:39,045 --> 00:45:45,072
to reach safety. Most lifeboats were frozen solid
and even those that could be freed were mishandled
423
00:45:45,107 --> 00:45:52,072
in the panic, spilling their screaming occupants
into the icy black sea. Within a few minutes,
424
00:45:52,107 --> 00:45:54,160
those in the water were dead.
425
00:45:56,599 --> 00:46:01,328
While thousands of freezing people pressed
along the decks, loud speakers blared words
426
00:46:01,363 --> 00:46:06,058
of comfort, assuring passengers that the
ship would not sink and help was on the way.
427
00:46:07,039 --> 00:46:11,131
Convinced that the sealed bulkheads had held and
that indeed, the ship would remain afloat, many
428
00:46:12,032 --> 00:46:18,124
refugees fled indoors once more to escape the razor
sharp winds and �20 degree (-29 C) temperature.
429
00:46:19,092 --> 00:46:23,092
The respite proved brief, however.
430
00:46:30,014 --> 00:46:33,070
At ten o�clock a heavy tremor ripped the Gustloff
as the bulkheads broke and the sea rushed in.
431
00:46:33,105 --> 00:46:38,079
Within seconds, the big ship began to roll
on its side, then plunged beneath the waves.
432
00:46:42,048 --> 00:46:46,637
When rescue ships later reached the scene,
they pulled from the icy waters a mere nine
433
00:46:47,069 --> 00:46:54,069
hundred survivors. All else - roughly seven
to nine thousand men, women and children -
434
00:46:54,104 --> 00:46:56,020
were lost.
435
00:46:59,024 --> 00:47:05,108
As many more incidents would prove, the sinking
of the Gustloff was no mistake. In a deliberate
436
00:47:06,089 --> 00:47:11,500
attempt to kill as many refugees as possible,
Soviet submarines struck again and again at
437
00:47:11,535 --> 00:47:13,081
the slow-moving ships.
438
00:47:14,026 --> 00:47:19,124
Soon after midnight on February 10th, an old
luxury liner, the General Stueben, was plowing
439
00:47:20,024 --> 00:47:26,123
through the icy, black Baltic. Heavily weighed
down with refugees and wounded soldiers, the
440
00:47:26,339 --> 00:47:32,480
ship was in the midst of its second such evacuation
in less than a fortnight. Just before one a.m.,
441
00:47:32,515 --> 00:47:38,021
two torpedoes slammed into the ship's
side. As the Stueben�s stern rose high out
442
00:47:38,056 --> 00:47:43,144
of the water, hundreds leaped overboard, including
some who were torn to pieces by the still-turning
443
00:47:44,044 --> 00:47:50,034
propellers. Within seven minutes, the ship
plunged beneath the waves, swiftly silencing
444
00:47:50,069 --> 00:47:57,080
a final mass scream that seemed to arise from
a single voice. Of the 3,500 passengers aboard,
445
00:47:57,115 --> 00:48:01,077
only a few hundred survived.
446
00:48:08,012 --> 00:48:12,100
Goodrich: Like some great wild animal, the
Red Army moved closer to the heart of Germany.
447
00:48:13,000 --> 00:48:18,055
In countless German cities and towns the pattern
repeated itself. The bloody nightmare which
448
00:48:18,090 --> 00:48:22,123
enveloped the Baltic coast was typical of
that which transpired wherever the Soviets
449
00:48:23,024 --> 00:48:31,116
occupied German soil. In many places
- Silesia, Prussia, Pomerania, in the German communities
450
00:48:32,016 --> 00:48:38,043
of Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia, Poland, Hungary
- a similar horror had been in progress for weeks.
451
00:48:38,092 --> 00:48:44,251
There, the ghastly atrocities actually
increased, as if Red soldiers were in a mad race
452
00:48:45,079 --> 00:48:50,131
with one another to see who could destroy,
murder and, above all, who could rape the most.
453
00:48:50,166 --> 00:48:55,184
Meanwhile, the American and British forces
punched through the German lines in the West.
454
00:48:56,084 --> 00:49:02,168
Unlike the East Front, however, German soldiers were
well aware that the foes they faced in the west were
455
00:49:03,068 --> 00:49:09,077
signatories of the Geneva Convention. Under
this agreement, captured or surrendering German
456
00:49:09,112 --> 00:49:15,087
soldiers were protected by law. With the Red
Army roaring across Germany from the east,
457
00:49:15,088 --> 00:49:20,088
many Germans secretly hoped that the Americans
might occupy what remained of the Reich before
458
00:49:20,123 --> 00:49:24,091
the communists did. It was no
secret that Germans, high and low,
459
00:49:25,072 --> 00:49:29,078
considered the Americans and
British the lesser of two evils.
460
00:49:30,032 --> 00:49:33,048
Unfortunately, they
were not always right.
461
00:49:35,004 --> 00:49:38,020
DEFEAT IN THE WEST
462
00:49:41,004 --> 00:49:47,056
In the Spring of 1945, as Berliners prepared to
defend the capital from the encircling Soviet army,
463
00:49:47,091 --> 00:49:50,064
Germans to the west also
fought to halt the Allied tide.
464
00:49:53,004 --> 00:49:58,028
Unlike the howling savagery to the
east, fraught with nightmarish ferocity,
465
00:49:58,064 --> 00:50:04,108
defeat in the west came methodically, relentlessly
and, judged by the standards of the east,
466
00:50:05,008 --> 00:50:06,104
almost silently.
467
00:50:07,052 --> 00:50:13,017
As the Western front crept closer, civilians
anxiously awaited the Allied arrival.
468
00:50:13,052 --> 00:50:20,071
Unlike the terrified trekkers to the east, relatively
few Germans in the west abandoned their homes.
469
00:50:20,106 --> 00:50:25,079
The racial and cultural ties with the enemy,
particularly the Americans, were simply too
470
00:50:25,114 --> 00:50:29,091
strong to arouse the same
terror as the Soviets did.
471
00:50:31,092 --> 00:50:36,148
Far from fleeing the advancing Allies,
many civilians actually ran to greet them.
472
00:50:38,012 --> 00:50:42,016
Little did the Germans realize that
because of a decade of Jewish propaganda,
473
00:50:42,052 --> 00:50:47,056
the Americans were perhaps even more hate
- filled than the Soviets.
474
00:50:50,044 --> 00:50:55,120
Unlike the wild and almost unimaginable Red
Army, US military commanders might have easily
475
00:50:56,002 --> 00:51:00,008
prevented crimes committed against
helpless civilians had they only willed it.
476
00:51:00,043 --> 00:51:03,044
In most cases, however, they did not.
477
00:51:05,028 --> 00:51:09,120
Leading the charge against the German people
was General Dwight D. Eisenhower, a man whose
478
00:51:10,021 --> 00:51:15,586
hatred of all things German was well known.
In much the same vein as Stalin and Roosevelt,
479
00:51:15,621 --> 00:51:21,151
Eisenhower advocated the outright massacre
of German army officers, Nazi Party members
480
00:51:22,051 --> 00:51:29,115
and others. In all, according to the Allied
commander, at least 100,000 German leaders
481
00:51:30,018 --> 00:51:33,026
should be "exterminated."
482
00:51:33,072 --> 00:51:39,471
Not surprisingly, such sentiment from above
quickly filtered down. "The only good German
483
00:51:40,119 --> 00:51:46,123
is a dead German," became the pervasive sentiment.
"Take no prisoners," was the tacit understanding.
484
00:51:46,158 --> 00:51:52,112
By the tens of thousands, captured or surrendering
Germans were simply slaughtered on the spot.
485
00:51:53,064 --> 00:51:59,564
As American forces swept toward Munich in
late April, 1945, most German guards at the
486
00:51:59,599 --> 00:52:06,029
concentration camp near Dachau fled. Despite
signs at the gate warning, "No entrance -
487
00:52:06,064 --> 00:52:11,120
typhus epidemic," several hundred German soldiers
were ordered to the prison to maintain order
488
00:52:12,002 --> 00:52:16,070
and arrange the transfer of over
30,000 prisoners to the Allies.
489
00:52:17,044 --> 00:52:22,116
When the Americans reached Dachau the following
day, they were horrified by what they saw.
490
00:52:23,018 --> 00:52:27,026
Outside the prison sat rail cars
full of diseased and starved corpses.
491
00:52:28,084 --> 00:52:34,108
Inside the camp, a room piled high with naked
and emaciated bodies was also discovered.
492
00:52:35,008 --> 00:52:39,009
Unhinged by the nightmare, certain
that Dachau was proof of the atrocities
493
00:52:39,044 --> 00:52:43,052
they had heard so much about in America,
officers turned their enraged troops loose
494
00:52:44,024 --> 00:52:45,116
on the now disarmed German soldiers.
495
00:52:46,006 --> 00:52:51,715
A US soldier: The men were deliberately
wounding guards. A lot of guards were shot
496
00:52:52,309 --> 00:52:57,325
in the legs so they couldn�t move. They
were then turned over to the inmates.
497
00:52:57,360 --> 00:53:02,112
One was beheaded with a bayonet.
Others were ripped apart limb by limb.
498
00:53:03,064 --> 00:53:08,128
While the tortures were in progress, a lieutenant
forced over 300 captive Germans up against a wall,
499
00:53:09,028 --> 00:53:15,040
planted two machine-guns, then ordered his
men to open fire. Those still alive when
500
00:53:15,041 --> 00:53:20,117
the fusillade ended were forced to stand amid
the carnage while the machine-gunners reloaded.
501
00:53:22,008 --> 00:53:27,104
In all, over five hundred helpless German
soldiers were slaughtered in cold blood.
502
00:53:28,052 --> 00:53:33,056
As a final touch, the citizens of Dachau were
forced to bury the thousands of corpses in
503
00:53:33,569 --> 00:53:37,647
the camp, thereby assuring the
death of many more from disease.
504
00:53:38,349 --> 00:53:43,272
Few Americans noticed, because few cared,
but conditions in German cities and towns were
505
00:53:43,307 --> 00:53:48,196
not much better than that at Dachau. Because
of the round-the-clock American and British
506
00:53:48,619 --> 00:53:53,989
air attacks week after week, very little food
and almost no medicine was arriving anywhere
507
00:53:54,024 --> 00:54:00,100
in Germany. Virtually none reached the numerous
concentration camps, where, during the last days,
508
00:54:01,000 --> 00:54:06,028
disease and starvation swept
away the inmates by the thousands.
509
00:54:06,029 --> 00:54:11,117
The incident at Dachau was merely one
of many massacres committed by US troops.
510
00:54:16,000 --> 00:54:23,556
US Soldier: We had been held up at a little
town. We were supposed to just walk through it,
511
00:54:23,591 --> 00:54:31,112
and the Germans stopped us dead. We just
couldn't crack it. Eventually artillery came in,
512
00:54:33,028 --> 00:54:43,030
sort of leveled the houses. They finally
surrendered, and they came out, and sort of lined up.
513
00:54:43,048 --> 00:54:52,037
Per usual, no one knew what was going
on. We had a new battalion commander,
514
00:54:52,072 --> 00:54:59,072
just graduated from West Point, and he lined
them up, and said, "I want you to shoot them."
515
00:55:00,004 --> 00:55:06,092
And I was horrified. Quite a few of us were
horrified. And I went to him and told him,
516
00:55:07,029 --> 00:55:13,598
you know, that this was against all international
law, and humanity. My good buddy, who I'd
517
00:55:13,633 --> 00:55:20,168
spent so much time with, grabbed me, and said
"This nut will shoot you. You better knock
518
00:55:21,007 --> 00:55:28,007
this off." And he got enough guys, and they
shot these.. about twenty five prisoners.
519
00:55:30,004 --> 00:55:37,004
It was a terrible thing to see, and I talked
to a lot of my buddies who had shot these guys,
520
00:55:38,048 --> 00:55:41,132
and they were horrified too.
521
00:55:44,089 --> 00:55:49,538
Unaware of the deep hatred the Allies harbored
for them, when proud SS units surrendered,
522
00:55:50,339 --> 00:55:54,415
they naively assumed that they would be accorded
respect as the unsurpassed fighters that they
523
00:55:55,099 --> 00:56:01,170
had proven to be. As soon as they were
disarmed, most were slaughtered where they stood.
524
00:56:01,809 --> 00:56:06,940
For those members of the German military lucky
enough to survive capture, death often awaited
525
00:56:06,975 --> 00:56:12,072
behind the lines, where thousands more perished.
With General Eisenhower turning a blind eye
526
00:56:12,074 --> 00:56:17,148
to the Geneva Convention, only the threat
of retaliation against Allied POWs still held
527
00:56:18,048 --> 00:56:22,142
in Germany prevented a massacre
of prodigious proportions.
528
00:56:25,002 --> 00:56:30,031
Soon after US combat soldiers moved out of a
community and the rear echelon troops moved in,
529
00:56:30,066 --> 00:56:35,060
the reality of occupation became clear to the
German citizens. The second wave of soldiers,
530
00:56:36,014 --> 00:56:40,022
wanting to experience a bit of war on
their own, took out their aggression on
531
00:56:40,095 --> 00:56:46,120
the helpless Germans by looting,
raping, killing, and destroying.
532
00:56:47,002 --> 00:56:52,035
In many towns, the invaders unlocked jails,
prisons and concentration camps and invited
533
00:56:52,053 --> 00:56:54,092
the inmates to join in the revelry.
534
00:56:55,004 --> 00:57:00,010
Amy Schrott: They just opened up the camps
and let them go. The Russians and Poles were
535
00:57:01,000 --> 00:57:07,965
looting the houses and killing the
shopkeepers. Then they began raping the girls.
536
00:57:08,000 --> 00:57:13,034
Similar mayhem engulfed most towns in western
Germany as Americans and British pushed onward.
537
00:57:14,007 --> 00:57:18,606
US sergeant: Our own Army and the British
Army have done their share of looting
538
00:57:19,299 --> 00:57:24,335
and raping. We too are
considered an army of rapists.
539
00:57:25,016 --> 00:57:30,655
Although brutal rapes persisted against defenseless
females, the Allied troops quickly discovered
540
00:57:30,839 --> 00:57:35,892
that hunger was a powerful incentive to sexual
surrender. Although sex could be bought for
541
00:57:36,369 --> 00:57:42,970
a bit of food, a cigarette or a bar of soap,
some victors preferred to take what they wanted,
542
00:57:43,005 --> 00:57:44,686
whenever and wherever they pleased.
543
00:57:46,068 --> 00:57:51,156
American soldier: Hunger made German women
more �available,� but despite this, rape was
544
00:57:52,056 --> 00:58:00,072
prevalent and often accompanied by additional
violence. In particular I remember an eighteen-year old
545
00:58:00,107 --> 00:58:08,086
woman who had the side of her face smashed
with a rifle butt and was then raped by two GIs
546
00:58:09,052 --> 00:58:15,055
Even the French complained that the rapes,
looting and drunken destructiveness on the
547
00:58:15,082 --> 00:58:18,176
part of our troops was excessive.
548
00:58:20,076 --> 00:58:24,154
Despite the numerous atrocities committed
on the western front, such savagery never
549
00:58:25,549 --> 00:58:31,440
became officially sanctioned. Considering the
blood-thirsty propaganda from the primarily
550
00:58:31,475 --> 00:58:36,294
Jewish-owned media, as well as the active
incitement of their political and military
551
00:58:36,329 --> 00:58:41,114
leaders, the average British and American
soldier comported himself amazingly well,
552
00:58:42,014 --> 00:58:46,080
and certainly far, far better
than his Soviet counterpart.
553
00:58:47,044 --> 00:58:51,112
Although the Allies in the West might have
easily pushed on to Berlin, they were ordered
554
00:58:52,013 --> 00:58:57,472
to halt just short of their goal. As a token
of their great love and gratitude, Roosevelt
555
00:58:57,589 --> 00:59:01,594
and Churchill had already awarded the
German capital to Stalin as a prize.
556
00:59:02,003 --> 00:59:07,010
After days of hopeless fighting in which little
boys fought, and all too often died, like men
557
00:59:08,000 --> 00:59:14,042
Berlin was finally overwhelmed on May 2nd.
And with the suicide of Adolf Hitler, the
558
00:59:14,043 --> 00:59:19,114
war effectively ended. Now that there was
virtually no chance for reprisals against
559
00:59:20,014 --> 00:59:26,112
Americans held in German POW camps, Eisenhower's
pathological hatred of Germans was given free rein.
560
00:59:29,006 --> 00:59:32,022
DEATH CAMPS
561
00:59:39,094 --> 00:59:44,148
With the final capitulation in May, 1945,
the supreme allied commander found himself
562
00:59:45,048 --> 00:59:51,140
in control of over five million ragged, weary,
but living, enemy soldiers. Since Eisenhower
563
00:59:52,004 --> 00:59:56,081
could not kill more armed Germans in war,
the American desk general decided to kill
564
00:59:57,017 --> 00:59:59,085
disarmed Germans in peace.
565
01:00:02,004 --> 01:00:06,972
Because the Geneva Convention guaranteed POWs
the same food, shelter and medical attention
566
01:00:07,007 --> 01:00:13,081
as their captors, Eisenhower simply circumvented the
treaty by creating his own category for prisoners.
567
01:00:14,044 --> 01:00:20,046
Under this reclassification, German
soldiers were no longer considered POWs, but
568
01:00:20,064 --> 01:00:27,037
DEFs - Disarmed Enemy Forces. With this
sleight-of-hand, and in direct violation of the Geneva
569
01:00:27,072 --> 01:00:33,691
Convention, Eisenhower could now deal in secret
with those in his power, free from the prying eyes of
570
01:00:34,339 --> 01:00:36,347
the outside world.
571
01:00:39,056 --> 01:00:44,148
Even before the war�s end, thousands of
German POWs had died in American captivity
572
01:00:45,049 --> 01:00:50,125
from starvation, neglect, and,
in many cases, outright murder.
573
01:00:51,025 --> 01:00:57,026
With the German surrender and the threat of
retaliation against Allied POWs entirely erased,
574
01:00:57,061 --> 01:01:03,991
deaths in the American concentration
camps accelerated dramatically.
575
01:01:04,026 --> 01:01:09,031
While tens of thousands died of starvation and
thirst, hundreds of thousands more perished from
576
01:01:09,076 --> 01:01:10,077
overcrowding and disease.
577
01:01:26,004 --> 01:01:30,076
German prisoner: It�s incomprehensible to
me how we could stand for many, many days
578
01:01:31,012 --> 01:01:37,451
without sitting, without lying down, just
standing there, totally soaked. During the
579
01:01:37,559 --> 01:01:43,322
day we marched around, huddled together to
try to warm each other a bit. The latrines
580
01:01:43,357 --> 01:01:49,085
were just logs flung over ditches next to
the barbed wire fences. To sleep, all we could
581
01:01:50,012 --> 01:01:55,536
do was to dig out a hole in the ground with
our hands, then cling together in the hole.
582
01:01:55,571 --> 01:02:01,061
Because of illness, the men had to defecate
on the ground. Soon, many of us were too weak
583
01:02:02,069 --> 01:02:08,552
to take off our trousers first. So our clothing
was infected, and so was the mud where we
584
01:02:08,587 --> 01:02:15,036
had to walk and sit and lie down. There was
no water at all at first, except the rain.
585
01:02:15,072 --> 01:02:21,138
More than half the days we had no food at
all. On the rest, we got a little K ration.
586
01:02:22,038 --> 01:02:27,277
I could see from the package that they were
giving us one tenth of the rations that they
587
01:02:27,619 --> 01:02:33,692
issued to their own men. I complained to
the American camp commander that he was
588
01:02:34,349 --> 01:02:42,361
breaking the Geneva Convention, but he just said,
"Forget the Convention. You haven�t any rights."
589
01:02:45,008 --> 01:02:51,012
Within a few days, some of the men who
had gone healthy into the camps were dead.
590
01:02:52,002 --> 01:02:58,006
I saw our men dragging many dead bodies to
the gate of the camp, where they were thrown
591
01:02:58,024 --> 01:03:03,032
loose on top of each other onto
trucks, which took them away.
592
01:03:07,012 --> 01:03:11,088
As if their plight were not already hideous
enough, prisoners occasionally became the
593
01:03:11,123 --> 01:03:15,125
targets of drunken guards who sprayed
the camps with machine-gun fire.
594
01:03:16,025 --> 01:03:22,074
At one compound, amused guards formed lines
and beat prisoners with clubs and sticks as
595
01:03:22,109 --> 01:03:28,123
they ran the gauntlet for their paltry rations.
At another camp of 5,200 men, ten to thirty
596
01:03:29,023 --> 01:03:34,995
bodies were hauled away every day. Prisoners
who did not succumb to hunger or disease often
597
01:03:35,030 --> 01:03:40,968
died of thirst. Many men were forced to drink
their own urine even though streams ran a
598
01:03:41,319 --> 01:03:43,057
few feet from the barbed wire.
599
01:03:43,092 --> 01:03:48,385
There was no lack of food or shelter among
the victorious Allies. Actually, American
600
01:03:48,420 --> 01:03:53,678
supply depots were bursting at the seams.
Instead of allowing even a trickle of this
601
01:03:54,569 --> 01:04:00,591
bounty to reach the compounds, the starvation
diet was further reduced. Within full view
602
01:04:00,789 --> 01:04:05,918
of some camps, Americans would sadistically
burn food that they could not eat themselves.
603
01:04:05,953 --> 01:04:11,048
Civilians from nearby villages and towns,
themselves starving, were prevented at gunpoint
604
01:04:11,067 --> 01:04:15,073
from passing their own meager fare
through the fence to prisoners.
605
01:04:16,027 --> 01:04:21,576
Horrified by the silent, secret massacre,
the International Red Cross, which had over
606
01:04:21,819 --> 01:04:27,921
100,000 tons of food stored in Switzerland,
tried to intercede. When two trains filled
607
01:04:27,956 --> 01:04:34,024
with supplies reached the camps, however,
they were turned back by American officers.
608
01:04:34,042 --> 01:04:40,048
Many people found no justification whatsoever
in the massacre of helpless prisoners, especially
609
01:04:40,083 --> 01:04:44,074
since the German government had lived up to
the Geneva Convention, as one American put it,
610
01:04:44,109 --> 01:04:46,074
"to a tee."
611
01:04:48,004 --> 01:04:51,080
The Red Cross reported that ninety-nine
percent of American prisoners
612
01:04:52,017 --> 01:04:57,043
of war in Germany have survived and were on
their way home. Nevertheless, Eisenhower�s
613
01:04:57,078 --> 01:05:04,112
murderous program continued apace. Some upright
generals, such as General George Patton, opposed
614
01:05:05,012 --> 01:05:09,076
these murderous measures, but
Eisenhower quickly overruled them.
615
01:05:11,012 --> 01:05:15,061
While continuing to deny the Red Cross and
other relief agencies access to the camps,
616
01:05:15,096 --> 01:05:20,475
Eisenhower stressed among his camp commanders
the need for secrecy. To prevent the gruesome
617
01:05:21,339 --> 01:05:24,974
details from reaching the outside world,
and sidetrack those that did, counter-rumors
618
01:05:25,009 --> 01:05:30,065
were circulated stating that, far from mistreating
and murdering prisoners, camp commanders were
619
01:05:31,046 --> 01:05:35,088
actually turning back released Germans who
tried to slip back in for food and shelter.
620
01:05:38,044 --> 01:05:42,106
Unlike their capitalist counterparts, the
Soviet communists made little effort to hide
621
01:05:43,069 --> 01:05:49,091
their crimes. Hundreds of thousands of Germans
toiled in the forests and mines of Siberia.
622
01:05:49,289 --> 01:05:54,295
The captives were slaves pure and simple
and no attempt was made to disguise the fact.
623
01:05:54,349 --> 01:05:59,234
For the enslaved Germans, male and female,
the odds of surviving the Soviet gulags were
624
01:05:59,269 --> 01:06:04,120
even worse than escaping the American death
camps. A trip to Siberia was tantamount to
625
01:06:05,002 --> 01:06:10,050
a death sentence. What little food the slaves
received was intended merely to maintain their
626
01:06:10,068 --> 01:06:16,007
strength until they were worked to death.
Much the same might be said of the 600,000
627
01:06:16,619 --> 01:06:18,653
German slaves held by the French.
628
01:06:21,022 --> 01:06:27,028
Ultimately, no fewer than 800,000 German prisoners
died in the American and French death camps.
629
01:06:27,082 --> 01:06:34,138
Indeed, Recent estimates place the death toll
at upwards of 1.5 million. And thus, in "peace,"
630
01:06:35,038 --> 01:06:39,102
did Eisenhower murder at least ten times the
number of German soldiers than were killed
631
01:06:40,003 --> 01:06:43,055
on the whole Western Front
during the whole of the war.
632
01:06:44,056 --> 01:06:49,068
With the once mighty Wehrmacht now disarmed
and enslaved, and with their leaders either
633
01:06:49,069 --> 01:06:55,062
dead or awaiting trial for war crimes, the
old men, women and children who remained in
634
01:06:55,097 --> 01:07:02,110
the dismembered Reich now found themselves
utterly at the mercy of the victors. Unfortunately,
635
01:07:03,001 --> 01:07:07,023
never in the history of the
world was mercy in shorter supply.
636
01:07:08,046 --> 01:07:12,084
THE PURGE
637
01:07:20,036 --> 01:07:25,100
Soon after their victory in Europe, the
Allied purge of Nazi Party members commenced.
638
01:07:26,000 --> 01:07:31,046
In theory, "de-Nazification" was a simple
transplanting of Party officials with those
639
01:07:31,081 --> 01:07:34,138
of democratic, socialist
or communist underpinnings.
640
01:07:38,084 --> 01:07:43,156
In practice, the purge became little more
than a cloak for rape, torture and death.
641
01:07:46,072 --> 01:07:50,671
All adult Germans were compelled to register
at the nearest Allied headquarters and complete
642
01:07:51,319 --> 01:07:56,058
a lengthy questionnaire on past activities.
While many nervous citizens were detained
643
01:07:56,093 --> 01:08:02,972
then and there, most returned home, convinced
that the terrible ordeal was over. For millions,
644
01:08:03,809 --> 01:08:09,883
however, the trial had just begun. Few German
adults, Nazi or not, escaped the dreaded knock
645
01:08:10,549 --> 01:08:11,593
on the door.
646
01:08:13,096 --> 01:08:18,168
Many people were arrested multiple times,
including Leni Riefenstahl, a talented young
647
01:08:19,069 --> 01:08:25,141
woman who was perhaps the world�s most artistic
film-maker. Because her epic documentaries -
648
01:08:26,041 --> 01:08:32,050
Triumph of the Will and Olympia
- seemed to glorify not only Germany, but National Socialism,
649
01:08:32,085 --> 01:08:37,020
and because of her close relationship with
an admiring Adolf Hitler, Leni was of great
650
01:08:37,065 --> 01:08:38,129
interest to the Allies.
651
01:08:40,068 --> 01:08:44,076
Leni Riefenstahl: Neither my husband nor
my mother nor any of my three assistants had
652
01:08:45,005 --> 01:08:51,554
ever joined the Nazi Party, nor had any of
us been politically active. No charges had
653
01:08:51,589 --> 01:08:58,103
ever been filed against us, yet we were
at the mercy of the Allies and had no legal
654
01:08:59,084 --> 01:09:01,112
protection of any kind.
655
01:09:03,056 --> 01:09:07,152
As Leni and others quickly discovered,
the "softening up" process began soon after
656
01:09:08,529 --> 01:09:17,800
arrival at an Allied prison. Brutally beaten, raped
repeatedly, crammed into dark, overheated cells,
657
01:09:17,835 --> 01:09:21,052
victims nervously awaited
their "interrogations".
658
01:09:22,096 --> 01:09:26,100
A German man: The purpose of these interrogations
is not to worm out of the people what they
659
01:09:27,038 --> 01:09:33,030
knew, which would be uninteresting anyway,
but to extort from them special statements.
660
01:09:33,065 --> 01:09:39,081
The methods resorted to are extremely primitive;
people are beaten up until they confess to
661
01:09:39,116 --> 01:09:44,610
having been members of the Nazi Party. The
authorities simply assume that, basically,
662
01:09:45,339 --> 01:09:51,290
everybody has belonged to the Party. Many
people die during and after these interrogations,
663
01:09:51,325 --> 01:09:57,061
while others, who admit at once their party
membership, are treated more leniently.
664
01:09:59,068 --> 01:10:05,140
Generally, after enduring blackened eyes,
broken bones, rape, electric shock to breasts,
665
01:10:06,004 --> 01:10:11,092
or, in the case of men, smashed testicles, only
those who took their own lives or died during
666
01:10:12,028 --> 01:10:15,072
torture failed to sign confessions.
667
01:10:17,032 --> 01:10:22,056
Since most intelligence officers accompanying
US and British forces were Jewish refugees
668
01:10:22,057 --> 01:10:28,131
who had fled Germany in the 1930s, their knowledge
of the language and culture was superb. With
669
01:10:29,031 --> 01:10:33,130
old scores to settle, the presence of these
men insured that there would be no mercy shown
670
01:10:34,003 --> 01:10:37,095
to Nazis
- or any German, for that matter.
671
01:10:47,004 --> 01:10:52,056
A young German woman: Both officers who
took our testimony were former German Jews.
672
01:10:52,092 --> 01:10:56,171
One kicked me in the back and the other hit
me. The terrible thing was, the German men
673
01:10:57,071 --> 01:11:02,152
had to watch. That was a horrible, horrible
experience. That must have been terrible
674
01:11:03,052 --> 01:11:08,088
for them. When I went outside, several of
them stood there with tears running down their
675
01:11:08,123 --> 01:11:12,140
cheeks. What could they have
done? They could do nothing.
676
01:11:16,028 --> 01:11:19,971
During the Nazi war crimes trial at
Nuremburg, almost any method that would
677
01:11:20,006 --> 01:11:26,083
obtain a "confession" was employed. Understandably,
after several such sessions even the strongest
678
01:11:27,037 --> 01:11:31,568
submitted and signed papers incriminating
themselves and others. In addition to testimony
679
01:11:31,603 --> 01:11:36,099
given under torture, those who might have
spoken in defense of the accused were threatened
680
01:11:37,044 --> 01:11:43,050
with torture and death themselves. Moreover,
hired "witnesses" were paid by the Americans
681
01:11:44,004 --> 01:11:46,036
to parrot the prosecution�s charges.
682
01:11:49,021 --> 01:11:54,117
Horrific as de-Nazification was in the British,
French and, especially, the American Zones,
683
01:11:55,017 --> 01:11:59,560
it was nothing compared to what took place
in Poland, behind Soviet lines. In hundreds
684
01:11:59,595 --> 01:12:04,103
of concentration camps sponsored by something
called the "Office of State Security,"
685
01:12:05,004 --> 01:12:11,550
thousands of Germans - male and female, old and
young, high and low, Nazi and non�Nazi - were
686
01:12:11,585 --> 01:12:18,096
rounded up and imprisoned. Staffed and run by
Jews, with help from the Poles, Czechs, Russians,
687
01:12:19,069 --> 01:12:24,586
and other former concentration camp inmates,
the prisons were little better than vast torture
688
01:12:24,621 --> 01:12:30,103
chambers where dying was a thing to be prolonged,
not hastened. While those with blond hair,
689
01:12:31,048 --> 01:12:35,971
blue eyes and handsome features were first
to go, anyone who spoke German would do.
690
01:12:36,006 --> 01:12:43,875
For these vengeful camp operators, no torture,
no sadism, no depravity, no evil, seemed too
691
01:12:44,469 --> 01:12:49,776
monstrous to inflict on those now in their
power. Some Germans were forced to crawl naked
692
01:12:49,811 --> 01:12:55,387
on all fours and eat their own excrement
as well as that of others. Many were drowned
693
01:12:55,422 --> 01:13:00,963
in open latrines. Hundreds were herded into
buildings and burned to death or sealed in
694
01:13:01,719 --> 01:13:03,735
caskets and buried alive.
695
01:13:06,008 --> 01:13:12,060
Near Lamsdorf, German women were forced to
disinter bodies from a Polish burial site,
696
01:13:13,048 --> 01:13:17,132
then kiss and "make love" to
the putrid, rotting corpses.
697
01:13:24,002 --> 01:13:29,089
Not surprisingly, the mortality rate at the
concentration camps was staggering and of
698
01:13:30,007 --> 01:13:34,014
those rare individuals who did leave with
their lives, few could any longer be called
699
01:13:34,077 --> 01:13:36,112
human.
700
01:13:37,012 --> 01:13:42,096
Meanwhile, as the judicial charade was in
progress behind prison walls, tortures of
701
01:13:42,098 --> 01:13:47,194
another kind stalked the "liberated" German
people as the Allied victors enacted their
702
01:13:48,094 --> 01:13:52,182
plan to divide, loot, and
utterly destroy conquered Germany.
703
01:13:53,082 --> 01:13:59,603
In late 1944, the so-called "Morgenthau
Plan" was endorsed by President Roosevelt,
704
01:13:59,638 --> 01:14:06,124
making the Jewish prewar demand for German
extermination official. Named for Roosevelt�s
705
01:14:07,026 --> 01:14:11,034
Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau,
but actually conceived by the secretary�s
706
01:14:12,006 --> 01:14:17,553
top aide, Harry Dexter White - both of whom
were Jewish - the program called for the complete
707
01:14:17,588 --> 01:14:23,100
destruction of Germany after victory had been
won. In addition to the dismantling or destruction
708
01:14:24,000 --> 01:14:28,565
of heavy industry and the permanent closure
of mines, the Morgenthau Plan called for a
709
01:14:28,600 --> 01:14:33,130
reduction of the Reich�s land area by one
half. As many knew, this act guaranteed that
710
01:14:34,003 --> 01:14:39,523
roughly two thirds of the German population,
or fifty million people, would soon die of
711
01:14:39,558 --> 01:14:45,044
starvation. With the remnant of the population
reduced to subsistence farming, and with the
712
01:14:45,071 --> 01:14:50,119
shrunken nation totally at the mercy of hostile
European neighbors, it was estimated that
713
01:14:51,019 --> 01:14:55,035
within two generations
Germany would cease to exist.
714
01:14:56,016 --> 01:15:01,251
When Roosevelt�s successor, Harry Truman,
met at Potsdam with Stalin and the new British
715
01:15:01,286 --> 01:15:06,487
prime minister, Clement Attlee, in July 1945,
most of the teeth in Morgenthau�s murderous
716
01:15:06,739 --> 01:15:13,396
scheme remained on the table. With the signature
of the Big Three, the plan went into effect.
717
01:15:13,431 --> 01:15:20,019
Stalin�s methodical looting in the Russian
Occupation Zone became prodigious. Steel mills,
718
01:15:20,054 --> 01:15:27,088
grain mills, lumber mills, sugar and oil refineries,
chemical plants, optical works, shoe factories,
719
01:15:27,123 --> 01:15:31,175
and other heavy industries were taken apart
down to the last nut and bolt and sent east
720
01:15:32,075 --> 01:15:38,123
to the Soviet Union where they were reassembled.
Those factories allowed to remain in Germany
721
01:15:39,023 --> 01:15:44,078
were to operate solely for the benefit of
Russia. Electric and steam locomotives, their
722
01:15:44,113 --> 01:15:49,122
rolling stock, and even the tracks
they ran on were likewise sent east.
723
01:15:50,022 --> 01:15:55,075
Unlike its primitive Soviet ally, the United
States had no need for German plants and factories.
724
01:15:55,110 --> 01:15:59,084
Nevertheless, the Americans were far and
away the most zealous at destroying Germany�s
725
01:16:00,065 --> 01:16:01,070
ability to recover.
726
01:16:03,004 --> 01:16:07,982
While the US may have spurned German industry,
they had a great interest in the Reich�s
727
01:16:08,017 --> 01:16:12,960
hoard of treasure. Billions of dollars in
gold, silver and currency, as well as priceless
728
01:16:13,239 --> 01:16:17,750
paintings, sculptures and other art works
were plucked from their hiding places in caves,
729
01:16:17,785 --> 01:16:20,139
tunnels and salt mines and
shipped across the Atlantic.
730
01:16:23,001 --> 01:16:28,085
Additionally, and of far greater damage to Germany�s
future, was the "mental dismantling" of the Reich.
731
01:16:30,024 --> 01:16:35,062
Tons of secret documents revealing Germany�s
tremendous organizational talent in business and
732
01:16:35,097 --> 01:16:37,090
industry were simply stolen.
733
01:16:39,084 --> 01:16:43,088
Hundreds of the greatest scientists
in the world were likewise "compelled"
734
01:16:44,024 --> 01:16:45,076
to immigrate by the victors.
735
01:16:46,006 --> 01:16:49,012
One man opposed to the vengeance-minded
program was George Patton.
736
01:16:50,021 --> 01:16:55,800
Patton: Evidently the virus started by
Morgenthau of a Semitic revenge against
737
01:16:55,989 --> 01:17:01,993
all Germans is still working. I can�t
see how Americans can sink so low.
738
01:17:02,076 --> 01:17:07,084
During the first postwar years Germany was
little better than a vast concentration camp.
739
01:17:08,002 --> 01:17:12,086
Coinciding with the ruthless Allied program
of denazification and "reeducation," was
740
01:17:13,004 --> 01:17:18,072
the American and British policy of non
- fraternization, segregating the victors from the vanquished,
741
01:17:18,107 --> 01:17:23,080
in an effort to further degrade and demonize
Germans and crush what little pride and respect
742
01:17:29,008 --> 01:17:34,076
One year after war�s end, the former Reich
still had urban-dwellers clinging precariously
743
01:17:34,111 --> 01:17:40,123
to their caves and cracks for shelter. In
Berlin alone, an estimated 50,000 orphans
744
01:17:41,023 --> 01:17:42,472
struggled to survive.
745
01:17:43,048 --> 01:17:48,144
British witness: Some of them, one-eyed or
one-legged veterans of seven or so, many so
746
01:17:49,044 --> 01:17:55,823
deranged by the bombing and the Russian attack
that they screamed at the sight of any uniform,
747
01:17:56,219 --> 01:17:57,295
even a Salvation Army one.
748
01:17:58,036 --> 01:18:03,625
While occupation troops dined on five-course
meals complete with fried sole, Dutch steak
749
01:18:03,949 --> 01:18:08,980
and ice cream, thousands of starving children
felt fortunate if a potato peel or crust of
750
01:18:09,015 --> 01:18:15,047
moldy bread was unearthed. Children who could
not live by their wits, died. Those who didn�t
751
01:18:15,048 --> 01:18:19,056
starve or freeze, were crushed by the walls
of their caves or torn to shreds by unexploded
752
01:18:20,003 --> 01:18:23,051
bombs which lay scattered
across Germany by the ton.
753
01:18:24,036 --> 01:18:30,044
On their own, orphans aged fast, and little
girls aged fastest of all. Like their older
754
01:18:31,016 --> 01:18:36,018
sisters, the children soon discovered that
selling themselves could stave off starvation.
755
01:18:36,037 --> 01:18:40,109
A dreaded concern
- not only for those who were selling themselves, but for the millions
756
01:18:41,009 --> 01:18:46,103
of rape victims
- was unwanted pregnancy. Thousands who were in fact pregnant sought
757
01:18:47,003 --> 01:18:52,086
and found abortions. Thousands more lived
in dreadful suspense, their lives utterly
758
01:18:52,121 --> 01:18:56,155
shattered in every way imaginable.
759
01:18:56,929 --> 01:19:02,100
At length, Allied soldiers, reporters, and
others began to recoil at the ruthless reign
760
01:19:02,135 --> 01:19:04,004
of terror transpiring in Germany.
761
01:19:04,072 --> 01:19:08,080
Historian Ralph Keeling: While the
Germans around them starve, wear rags, and
762
01:19:09,053 --> 01:19:16,057
live in hovels, the American aristocrats
live in often unaccustomed ease and luxury.
763
01:19:17,056 --> 01:19:24,092
They live in the finest houses from which they drove
the Germans; they swagger about in fine liveries
764
01:19:24,094 --> 01:19:31,059
and gorge themselves on diets three
times as great as they allow the Germans.
765
01:19:31,094 --> 01:19:38,097
When we tell the Germans their low rations are
necessary because food is so short, they naturally
766
01:19:39,024 --> 01:19:45,119
either think we are lying to them or regard
us as inhuman for taking the lion�s share
767
01:19:46,019 --> 01:19:51,043
of the short supplies while
they and their children starve.
768
01:19:51,044 --> 01:19:56,092
Even as the chorus of critics over the sadistic
treatment of Germany grew, a nightmare of
769
01:19:56,127 --> 01:20:00,119
almost unbelievable proportions was
developing behind the Iron Curtain.
770
01:20:03,008 --> 01:20:06,072
ETHNIC CLEANSING
771
01:20:10,016 --> 01:20:20,048
Winston Churchill: Never mind the five or
more million Germans. Stalin will see to them.
772
01:20:21,036 --> 01:20:25,088
With a wave of the hand and a puff of
his cigar the British Prime Minister
773
01:20:25,123 --> 01:20:29,135
thus condoned one of the greatest
massacres in human history.
774
01:20:30,035 --> 01:20:35,471
With an understanding reached at Yalta, then
signed into law at Potsdam, the Soviet Union
775
01:20:35,506 --> 01:20:40,907
swallowed vast chunks of German and Polish
territory in the east. In return, Poland itself
776
01:20:41,699 --> 01:20:47,550
devoured large tracts of the former Reich in
the west, including much of Prussia, Pomerania
777
01:20:47,585 --> 01:20:51,079
and the extremely rich,
industrialized province of Silesia.
778
01:20:53,064 --> 01:20:58,076
Despite solemn reassurances by the Allied
leaders that the mass expulsions would be
779
01:20:58,077 --> 01:21:03,579
carried out in an "orderly and humane"
manner, shattering glass and splintering doors
780
01:21:03,614 --> 01:21:09,082
were usually the first sounds a victim heard,
soon followed by angry shouts to clear the
781
01:21:09,117 --> 01:21:13,061
home in thirty, ten, even five minutes.
782
01:21:13,096 --> 01:21:18,123
Thus, by tens and twenties, by hundreds and
thousands, homeless Germans now began trudging
783
01:21:19,023 --> 01:21:24,121
west with no clear goal in mind. Except for
those able-bodied individuals held as slaves
784
01:21:25,021 --> 01:21:30,102
and young girls retained for sex, roughly
eleven million trekkers took to the roads.
785
01:21:31,002 --> 01:21:34,021
Thus began the greatest
death march in history.
786
01:21:35,036 --> 01:21:42,036
A witness: As they left town in an endless
procession, Polish soldiers fell upon them,
787
01:21:42,037 --> 01:21:48,119
beating and flogging them in a blind rage.
Robbed of all they possessed and literally
788
01:21:49,019 --> 01:21:55,036
stripped of the last of their belongings,
these poor creatures trudged along in
789
01:21:55,071 --> 01:22:02,115
the wind and the rain, with no roof or shelter
over their heads, not knowing where they would
790
01:22:03,016 --> 01:22:04,088
find a new abode.
791
01:22:05,072 --> 01:22:10,551
Of the roughly eleven million victims hurled
from their homes in eastern Germany, an estimated
792
01:22:11,199 --> 01:22:18,215
two million, mostly women and children, perished.
Equally as horrifying, though less well known,
793
01:22:18,250 --> 01:22:23,130
were the nearly one million Germans who died
during similar expulsions in Czechoslovakia,
794
01:22:24,003 --> 01:22:30,055
Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia.
Additionally, an estimated four million more
795
01:22:30,082 --> 01:22:34,179
ethnic Germans were sent east to the Soviet
Union where the odds of surviving as slaves
796
01:22:35,079 --> 01:22:37,103
were worse than as refugees.
797
01:22:40,068 --> 01:22:46,103
Austin J. App: To slice three or four ancient
provinces from a country, then loot and plunder
798
01:22:47,003 --> 01:22:54,055
nine million people of their houses, farms,
cattle, furniture, and even clothing, and then
799
01:22:54,056 --> 01:22:59,151
expel them "from the land they have
inhabited for 700 years" with no distinction
800
01:23:00,051 --> 01:23:05,971
between the innocent and the guilty, to
drive them like unwanted beasts on foot
801
01:23:06,006 --> 01:23:14,098
to far-off provinces, unprotected, shelterless,
and starving is an atrocity so vast that history
802
01:23:15,053 --> 01:23:17,492
records none vaster.
803
01:23:18,008 --> 01:23:22,096
While Western leaders such as Winston Churchill
later feigned surprise at the tragedy they
804
01:23:23,069 --> 01:23:27,103
had wrought in eastern Germany, little was
said about the deliberate starvation of the
805
01:23:28,003 --> 01:23:34,004
rest of the Reich, and utter silence prevailed
concerning the Allied torture chambers in
806
01:23:34,013 --> 01:23:39,524
Germany, the on-the-spot massacre of Nazi
Party members and SS troops, the death camps
807
01:23:39,559 --> 01:23:45,362
run by Eisenhower, or the hellish Jewish
torture pens in Poland. Taken as a whole, it is a
808
01:23:45,397 --> 01:23:51,165
certainty that far more Germans died during
the first two years of "peace" than died
809
01:23:51,489 --> 01:23:54,501
during the previous six years of war.
810
01:23:57,032 --> 01:24:00,128
CONCLUSION
811
01:24:03,032 --> 01:24:09,052
Goodrich: World War Two was the world's worst
war. World War Two was the world's worst war
812
01:24:09,087 --> 01:24:14,610
because of the evil that was unleashed on
millions of helpless men, women and children;
813
01:24:14,645 --> 01:24:20,134
the Allied war waged against Germany, both
during and after the war, were evils so vicious
814
01:24:21,035 --> 01:24:26,116
and so depraved that truly, words have
not yet been invented to describe them.
815
01:24:27,016 --> 01:24:32,088
While one might estimate the incredible
loss of life during and after World War II,
816
01:24:32,889 --> 01:24:37,830
it s almost impossible to calculate the physical
and psychological suffering caused by the
817
01:24:37,865 --> 01:24:41,107
rape, torture and degradation
of the German nation.
818
01:24:42,008 --> 01:24:49,056
Unlike their victims, the victors faced no
post-war prison camps, no slavery, no torture,
819
01:24:50,028 --> 01:24:56,034
no starvation, no rapes, no trials for their
numerous war crimes, and no vilification campaign
820
01:24:56,088 --> 01:25:03,053
that persists to this very day. Quite the
opposite. For the victors, American generals
821
01:25:03,088 --> 01:25:09,164
became American presidents, British prime
ministers became British Knights, Allied soldiers
822
01:25:10,065 --> 01:25:14,163
became the "Greatest Generation," and the
winning side claimed complete and utter
823
01:25:15,063 --> 01:25:23,061
control over the history of World War Two.
Not surprisingly, in the winner's expert hands
824
01:25:23,096 --> 01:25:29,100
the evil crime that was World War Two was quickly
transformed into the "Crusade in Europe," the "War to
825
01:25:30,036 --> 01:25:37,112
End Evil," and the "Good War." Year after
year, decade after decade, a mountain of movies,
826
01:25:38,012 --> 01:25:43,094
tv shows, articles, and books are released
with the sole intent of heaping crime and
827
01:25:43,949 --> 01:25:48,991
guilt on the heads of the victims. At the
same time the victors have elevated themselves
828
01:25:49,026 --> 01:25:55,104
to paragons of virtue by hiding the very real
crimes they committed both during and after the war.
829
01:25:56,004 --> 01:26:01,059
Anyone who can say that the actions of the
Allies were justified hopefully has never
830
01:26:01,094 --> 01:26:06,114
witnessed a screaming child running like
a living torch through a flaming street,
831
01:26:07,014 --> 01:26:12,112
never watched as a man drank his own urine to
stay alive even as a river ran just beyond his
832
01:26:13,013 --> 01:26:19,050
prison fence, never heard the animal shrieks
of the tortured as their genitals are mutilated
833
01:26:19,085 --> 01:26:24,061
or the groans of a bleeding woman begging
for a bullet while the line awaiting its turn
834
01:26:25,006 --> 01:26:30,073
grows longer
- hopefully these people have never seen such things, for only then can
835
01:26:30,108 --> 01:26:34,082
one understand how they might parrot
over and over again the standard refrain,
836
01:26:35,063 --> 01:26:39,072
"they got exactly what they deserved"..
and never lose a moment�s sleep.
837
01:26:41,024 --> 01:26:47,060
Still, if there is one central truth that
was born of World War Two it is that clearly,
838
01:26:47,061 --> 01:26:52,130
there is no such thing as a "Good War."
Those who say differently are either those
839
01:26:52,679 --> 01:26:57,550
who profit politically or financially from
war, or those who have never witnessed war
840
01:26:57,585 --> 01:27:00,062
up close, in all its horror.
100538
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