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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:38,025 --> 00:00:42,008 The German Army suffered terribly during the First World War. 2 00:00:42,043 --> 00:00:49,043 And the German nation also suffered terribly, especially after the war. The crippling sanctions 3 00:00:49,077 --> 00:00:53,146 enacted by the victors with the Treaty of Versailles threw the country into serious depression. 4 00:00:54,046 --> 00:01:00,052 There was chaos in the streets and anarchy in the air. 5 00:01:00,062 --> 00:01:05,080 Communists seized many cities, including Berlin. 6 00:01:06,016 --> 00:01:11,534 While the great wealth of the nation was bled away by outrageous war reparations, 7 00:01:11,569 --> 00:01:17,053 or sucked out by unscrupulous politicians, the average German was impoverished. 8 00:01:19,072 --> 00:01:26,072 Inflation and unemployment soon followed and quickly destroyed all hope, all confidence, all morality. 9 00:01:28,074 --> 00:01:34,106 German cities were awash in pornography and prostitution with even starving children being bought 10 00:01:35,007 --> 00:01:42,007 and sold like sex toys. Crime was rampant; drunkenness and drug addiction were widespread; 11 00:01:42,072 --> 00:01:47,154 suicide rates soared; the situation seemed hopeless. 12 00:01:48,072 --> 00:01:54,100 And then, things changed... dramatically. 13 00:01:55,098 --> 00:02:01,182 Soon after the National Socialists were elected, the German economy sprang to life. 14 00:02:02,082 --> 00:02:09,098 Unemployment was erased. Building boomed. Great projects began. Confidence burst to life anew. 15 00:02:10,068 --> 00:02:14,146 After years of hunger, hardship, shame, and degradation, 16 00:02:15,007 --> 00:02:18,015 Germany became a happy, hopeful nation again. 17 00:02:20,054 --> 00:02:25,116 Germany's transformation from squalor and misery to a world super power was so incredible 18 00:02:26,016 --> 00:02:31,038 that the 1938 Time Magazine named Adolf Hitler "Man of the Year." 19 00:02:31,072 --> 00:02:38,154 To many it seemed as if a new cultural, economic, and political renaissance for all of Europe was at hand. 20 00:02:42,072 --> 00:02:46,126 But others, throughout the world - envious, powerful, but above all, fearful - 21 00:02:47,032 --> 00:02:52,054 now worked night and day to take Germany down.... 22 00:02:52,059 --> 00:02:58,288 The Second World War was the most deadly and destructive war in history. For six long years 23 00:02:58,819 --> 00:03:02,905 the unequal struggle pitting Germany against the world continued, with first one side, 24 00:03:03,078 --> 00:03:08,126 then the other on top. But at last, overwhelmed, Germany was once more defeated. 25 00:03:10,092 --> 00:03:17,092 This time, however, the Reich was to be punished not with mere reparations... nor loss of land... 26 00:03:17,095 --> 00:03:24,095 nor with simple decadence and despair; no, on this occasion Germany was to be subjected 27 00:03:25,012 --> 00:03:31,074 to pure hatred; hatred of the most vicious, evil and depraved kind imaginable. 28 00:03:31,078 --> 00:03:37,080 Millions upon millions of Germans, many of whom had nothing to do with the war, were systematically 29 00:03:37,115 --> 00:03:43,062 raped, tortured, slaughtered, and all in the most sadistic and sickening ways imaginable. 30 00:03:44,989 --> 00:03:49,730 What happened to Germany and its people during and after World War II has remained the darkest 31 00:03:49,765 --> 00:03:51,135 and best-kept secret in world history... 32 00:03:52,092 --> 00:03:54,092 until now. 33 00:04:15,044 --> 00:04:19,050 This film is based upon the book by author and historian, Thomas Goodrich. 34 00:04:20,048 --> 00:04:24,120 Over the past thirty years Goodrich has written about a number of controversial subjects - 35 00:04:25,002 --> 00:04:29,011 the American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln, the American Indian wars - 36 00:04:30,001 --> 00:04:34,093 but because World War Two remains to this very day a pressing issue, 37 00:04:35,016 --> 00:04:40,020 the author feels this is by far his most urgent and timely book. 38 00:04:41,036 --> 00:04:44,102 Thomas Goodrich: This is the story of the crimes that were committed against Germany 39 00:04:45,002 --> 00:04:50,030 during and after World War Two. The words you will hear are those of the victims themselves and 40 00:04:50,044 --> 00:04:55,051 witnesses to the atrocities. There will be no attempt here to present the viewpoint of 41 00:04:55,086 --> 00:05:00,172 the "other side." Anyone seeking the victor's version of World War II, need only watch any 42 00:05:01,072 --> 00:05:08,072 Hollywood movie, turn on the TV to any World War II documentary, or visit any public library. 43 00:05:09,006 --> 00:05:14,010 This film, like the book it is based upon, does not concern itself with what the Germans 44 00:05:14,046 --> 00:05:19,078 allegedly "did to the world" during the so - called "Good War." No. 45 00:05:19,086 --> 00:05:25,160 The focus here is instead on what the world did to the Germans. The crimes detailed herein are so vicious, 46 00:05:26,068 --> 00:05:31,086 so massive, and so evil, that there are no words in the English language to accurately describe them. 47 00:05:32,078 --> 00:05:37,084 These are crimes that have been buried by the victors under a mountain of propaganda 48 00:05:37,119 --> 00:05:39,182 and lies for now over 70 years. 49 00:05:41,035 --> 00:05:45,103 This film is dedicated not only to the voiceless victims of the world's worst war, but also 50 00:05:46,003 --> 00:05:46,099 to future generations. 51 00:05:47,094 --> 00:05:53,353 Our hope is, that if there are enough good people in the world, are willing to listen and learn 52 00:05:54,199 --> 00:06:01,275 what actually occurred to these innocent victims - men, women, the old, young, the sick, animals - 53 00:06:02,002 --> 00:06:03,972 then they some day soon will rise up as one, 54 00:06:04,007 --> 00:06:08,066 and with a united voice demand that nothing like this ever happens again, 55 00:06:08,759 --> 00:06:10,837 to anyone, anywhere. 56 00:06:12,007 --> 00:06:18,013 TERROR BOMBING 57 00:06:23,002 --> 00:06:29,011 During World War Two, Germany was subjected to an unrelenting assault from the sky. 58 00:06:29,093 --> 00:06:34,802 The Americans and British called it "carpet-bombing", "saturation-bombing", or "unrestricted-bombing". 59 00:06:35,639 --> 00:06:39,667 However, the German women and children who suffered through this nightmare called it 60 00:06:39,919 --> 00:06:44,884 by a simpler, more accurate name - "Terror-Bombing." 61 00:06:44,919 --> 00:06:49,509 The terror campaign was no accident. It was the secret plan of British Prime Minister 62 00:06:49,544 --> 00:06:54,064 Winston Churchill and Air Chief Marshal Arthur Harris to unleash the full power of the 63 00:06:54,099 --> 00:07:00,588 Royal Air Force against German civilians; to inflict as much damage, to destroy as many homes, 64 00:07:01,479 --> 00:07:05,020 and to kill as many men, women and children as possible. 65 00:07:05,055 --> 00:07:12,093 Winston Churchill: German cities will be subjected to an ordeal the like of which 66 00:07:13,014 --> 00:07:22,032 has never been experienced by a country in continuity, severity or magnitude. 67 00:07:23,072 --> 00:07:30,108 To achieve this end there are no lengths of violence to which we will not go. 68 00:07:32,016 --> 00:07:39,016 Churchill�s violence was on full display during the night of July 24, 1943. 69 00:07:40,009 --> 00:07:44,105 To the residents of Hamburg - a city of over one million souls - the raid seemed initially 70 00:07:45,087 --> 00:07:51,886 like a standard bombing run. But soon, hundreds of enemy aircraft began raining down tons 71 00:07:52,669 --> 00:07:59,991 upon tons of high explosives on the very heart of Hamburg. Schools, churches, hospitals, 72 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:07,054 homes, ancient art and architecture, all were blown to bits. The onslaught increased in fury with each 73 00:08:07,089 --> 00:08:13,070 succeeding wave of bombers, building minute by minute into a fiery, devastating crescendo 74 00:08:14,005 --> 00:08:21,031 And then, the planes suddenly disappeared. The skies were clear again, and all above was silent. 75 00:08:24,004 --> 00:08:28,036 When the stunned survivors reemerged from their cellars later that night, 76 00:08:28,849 --> 00:08:32,925 they saw that their once beautiful city was now a smoldering ruin. 77 00:08:37,002 --> 00:08:41,068 The following day, as firefighters from throughout northern Germany battled the blaze, 78 00:08:41,086 --> 00:08:47,144 Allied bombers suddenly appeared over Hamburg again. As planned, the Americans surprised not only 79 00:08:48,044 --> 00:08:55,044 the emergency workers, but columns of fleeing refugees as well. Thousands perished. 80 00:08:58,569 --> 00:09:05,060 The next night, RAF bombers returned. In addition to the normal payload of high explosives, 81 00:09:05,095 --> 00:09:10,047 the British sent down tons of phosphorous bombs to accelerate the fires. 82 00:09:10,082 --> 00:09:17,110 The resulting conflagration ignited a "fire storm." Hurricane-force winds created by the intense heat 83 00:09:18,001 --> 00:09:25,009 uprooted trees, ripped roofs from buildings and sucked screaming victims into the raging inferno. 84 00:09:25,078 --> 00:09:31,082 Some who escaped the 150 mph (241 kph) winds in the streets became mired in melting asphalt 85 00:09:31,093 --> 00:09:36,120 and quickly burst into flames. Those who had thrown themselves into the city�s canals 86 00:09:37,002 --> 00:09:43,701 died of thermal radiation, then, as they floated on the water�s surface, they too ignited. 87 00:09:44,062 --> 00:09:50,090 In the center of the fire-storm, temperatures reached 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit (816 C). 88 00:09:53,081 --> 00:09:58,139 When the great mass of flames joined, they rose into a column three miles high. 89 00:10:00,074 --> 00:10:03,156 The attacks against Hamburg continued unabated for another week. 90 00:10:04,088 --> 00:10:07,126 Soon, there was nothing left to destroy. 91 00:10:12,002 --> 00:10:17,088 Appropriately dubbed by the Allies as "Operation Gomorrah," the raids had been a cold and calculated 92 00:10:17,123 --> 00:10:22,088 attempt to scorch Hamburg and its people, from the face of the earth. 93 00:10:23,024 --> 00:10:29,120 The plan succeeded. With thirteen square miles of total destruction, with 750,000 homeless, 94 00:10:30,024 --> 00:10:35,032 with an estimated 60 to 100,000 dead, mostly women and children, 95 00:10:35,067 --> 00:10:40,036 Hamburg, for all intents and purposes, had ceased to exist. 96 00:10:41,016 --> 00:10:48,050 It was now clear to all that the Allied air war against Germany had become a war ofmassacre and terror. 97 00:10:59,062 --> 00:11:04,064 The pattern was repeated time and again across Germany. 98 00:11:13,048 --> 00:11:19,094 All German cities suffered the same. After first blasting a town to splinters, the Allied bombers quickly 99 00:11:19,129 --> 00:11:23,145 returned in the hope of catching survivors and rescuers in the open and igniting with 100 00:11:24,045 --> 00:11:30,483 fire bombs all that remained. When the roaring bombers released their lethal cargo, a veritable 101 00:11:30,518 --> 00:11:36,922 rain of fire descended upon a targeted town. The thousands of small fires would join together 102 00:11:37,579 --> 00:11:42,327 to form one huge blaze, creating an intense vortex of wind and flames. 103 00:11:42,362 --> 00:11:47,727 Kate Hoffmeister: I struggled to run against the wind in the middle of the 104 00:11:47,762 --> 00:11:53,058 street. We couldn�t go on across because the asphalt had melted. There 105 00:11:53,093 --> 00:11:59,178 were people on the roadway, some already dead, some still lying alive but stuck in the asphalt. 106 00:12:00,078 --> 00:12:03,174 They were on their hands and knees screaming. 107 00:12:05,076 --> 00:12:11,100 Some miraculously survived the inferno, reaching safety in rivers, canals and parks. 108 00:12:12,004 --> 00:12:18,070 Thousands more, however, did not. When the raids finally ended and the firestorms began to recede, 109 00:12:18,078 --> 00:12:22,176 rescue workers rushed to free those still trapped underground. 110 00:12:27,054 --> 00:12:31,136 When would-be rescuers finally broke through to buried bunkers they often found scenes 111 00:12:32,036 --> 00:12:39,036 of unimaginable horror. In cellars suffering direct hits, walls were awash in blood, 112 00:12:39,071 --> 00:12:43,038 with bone, brains and body parts splattered everywhere. 113 00:12:45,076 --> 00:12:50,162 Rescuers who entered some bunkers found floors covered, in up to a foot of greasy fat, 114 00:12:51,062 --> 00:12:54,128 the victims rendered down into a dark liquid. 115 00:12:57,055 --> 00:13:01,784 When word first filtered through to the outside world of the butchery being visited upon the 116 00:13:02,279 --> 00:13:07,303 women and children of Germany by the Royal Air Force, critics of these war crimes spoke out 117 00:13:09,014 --> 00:13:13,100 Author Vera Brittain: The ruthless mass bombing of congested cities is as great a threat to 118 00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:18,056 the integrity of the human spirit as anything which has yet occurred on this planet. There 119 00:13:18,091 --> 00:13:24,058 is no military or political advantage which can justify this blasphemy. 120 00:13:26,519 --> 00:13:31,531 Although it was considered treasonous for members of the RAF to criticize the bombing campaign 121 00:13:31,566 --> 00:13:35,138 the conscience of some was overwhelmed by the hell being unleashed upon Germany. 122 00:13:36,038 --> 00:13:42,297 RAF Aviator: There were people down there being fried to death in melted asphalt in the roads, 123 00:13:42,639 --> 00:13:47,653 they were being burnt up and we were shuffling incendiary bombs into this holocaust. 124 00:13:47,688 --> 00:13:52,170 I felt terribly sorry for the people in that fire I was helping to stoke up. 125 00:13:54,066 --> 00:13:59,080 As a symbol of the Third Reich, and as the most obvious example of Germany�s will to fight on, 126 00:13:59,115 --> 00:14:03,100 more bombs were devoted to Berlin than any other German city. 127 00:14:05,034 --> 00:14:10,058 It is another place, however, that has become most widely associated with the terror campaign waged 128 00:14:10,589 --> 00:14:13,623 against Germany - Dresden. 129 00:14:14,078 --> 00:14:20,086 Since Dresden had suffered only two small raids in the five years of war, many assumed that the 130 00:14:20,087 --> 00:14:26,366 city�s salvation was due to its irreplaceable treasures - ornate palaces, world-renowned 131 00:14:27,149 --> 00:14:32,211 museums and art galleries, its towering, centuries-old cathedrals. 132 00:14:34,048 --> 00:14:40,048 Others surmised that since Dresden had almost no heavy industry - and what little it did have 133 00:14:40,083 --> 00:14:45,056 had no bearing on the war - the enemy simply did not deem the city a viable target. 134 00:14:49,034 --> 00:14:54,035 To some, the twenty-six thousand Allied POWs interned within the town appeared a more logical answer. 135 00:14:57,005 --> 00:15:02,047 Still others thought that, perhaps it was the estimated half million refugees jamming the city, 136 00:15:02,092 --> 00:15:08,098 many who had fled Soviet atrocities in the East, that kept Dresden safe from bombing. 137 00:15:10,056 --> 00:15:14,132 Despite the dire situation as war closed in, Dresdeners were determined on the night of 138 00:15:15,329 --> 00:15:20,405 February 13 to enjoy an annual event, known in America as Mardi Gras, but celebrated in 139 00:15:21,089 --> 00:15:27,095 Germany as "Fashing." Women and children, along with the few remaining men, many in 140 00:15:27,149 --> 00:15:31,227 costume, flooded the streets of Dresden to celebrate the event, one last time, 141 00:15:31,929 --> 00:15:34,931 before Germany's looming defeat. 142 00:15:36,002 --> 00:15:42,058 Just before ten p.m. sirens began wailing. There was no panic. Most residents simply 143 00:15:42,589 --> 00:15:48,614 ignored the sounds. Even had there been any air raid shelters few would have fled to them 144 00:15:48,839 --> 00:15:54,880 for there seemed little doubt on this cold, yet cheery night, that like the 171 false 145 00:15:54,915 --> 00:15:59,166 alarms which had preceded it, this warning too, would end in nothing. 146 00:16:01,038 --> 00:16:06,134 However, instead of the "All Clear" siren, a short time later Dresden heard another sound, a sound 147 00:16:07,034 --> 00:16:14,068 similar to a rolling earthquake. As wave after wave of RAF bombers appeared overhead, thousands 148 00:16:14,103 --> 00:16:16,114 of bombs tumbled down. 149 00:16:19,052 --> 00:16:25,060 Added to the normal payload of high explosives, hundreds of two- and four-ton "block-buster" bombs 150 00:16:25,061 --> 00:16:31,514 slammed into Dresden, obliterating entire neighborhoods. Ancient cathedrals, palaces 151 00:16:31,549 --> 00:16:37,968 and museums were reduced to rubble within seconds. At the railroad station, hundreds 152 00:16:38,589 --> 00:16:43,625 of individuals who had refused to leave their highly coveted train seats were blown to bits. 153 00:16:43,949 --> 00:16:49,537 At the huge indoor circus, spectators, performers and animals were slaughtered by blast and 154 00:16:49,572 --> 00:16:55,125 hissing shrapnel. Well-marked hospitals were targeted. In the streets, on the sidewalks, 155 00:16:56,025 --> 00:17:01,072 atop the bridges over the Elbe River, costumed revelers with nowhere to run, 156 00:17:01,107 --> 00:17:03,160 were slain by the thousands. 157 00:17:05,062 --> 00:17:09,096 Without let-up, the massacre continued. 158 00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:18,018 And then, the roar above ceased, the explosions stopped, and there was quiet once more. 159 00:17:19,025 --> 00:17:24,422 Several minutes later, the welcomed silence was broken, by the even more welcome sound of the 160 00:17:24,457 --> 00:17:29,820 "All Clear" signal. What had seemed an all - night trial by fire had actually occurred in just 161 00:17:30,064 --> 00:17:35,158 under half an hour. In those thirty minutes, however, one of the world�s most beautiful 162 00:17:36,058 --> 00:17:40,142 architectural treasures had all but vanished. 163 00:17:43,048 --> 00:17:49,140 Fire brigades from surrounding towns arrived. Red Cross workers spread out to help the victims. 164 00:17:50,041 --> 00:17:56,300 Families screamed for missing loved ones. For many, the end of the world had seemingly arrived. 165 00:17:57,096 --> 00:18:02,103 No one, however, was at all emotionally prepared for what came next.... 166 00:18:03,098 --> 00:18:09,146 At 1:30 a.m., the earth began to tremble once again. As more than a thousand bombers roared 167 00:18:10,046 --> 00:18:17,598 overhead, a rain of death showered down on Dresden. In addition to explosives, the second 168 00:18:17,633 --> 00:18:25,150 wave brought tons of incendiary bombs. In a matter of minutes, the thousands of fire bombs 169 00:18:26,005 --> 00:18:31,049 ignited the debris and a racing furnace of flame erupted. Unfamiliar with the bombing 170 00:18:31,094 --> 00:18:38,100 raids and fire storms, most Dresdeners reacted slowly. Many sought safety in cellars again, 171 00:18:39,000 --> 00:18:44,026 not realizing that the terrific heat would transform their havens into ovens. 172 00:18:45,016 --> 00:18:51,035 Others ran for safety through the streets, only to become mired in melting asphalt or sucked 173 00:18:51,179 --> 00:18:58,265 into the roaring furnace. Copper roofs melted, sending down streams of molten metal upon 174 00:18:59,004 --> 00:19:01,082 the people below. 175 00:19:02,007 --> 00:19:07,010 Throughout the night, the fiery hell that was Dresden claimed victims by the thousands, 176 00:19:08,000 --> 00:19:13,016 by the tens of thousands, and by the hundreds of thousands. 177 00:19:19,038 --> 00:19:23,045 The following day, when the fires had cooled, rescue workers went to work. 178 00:19:25,016 --> 00:19:29,074 Rescue worker: Never would I have thought that death could come to so many people in 179 00:19:29,075 --> 00:19:36,100 so many different ways. Sometimes the victims looked like ordinary people apparently 180 00:19:37,000 --> 00:19:44,086 peacefully sleeping; the faces of others were racked with pain, the bodies stripped almost 181 00:19:44,121 --> 00:19:52,138 naked by the tornado; there were wretched refugees from the East clad only in rags, 182 00:19:53,038 --> 00:20:02,124 and people from the Opera in all their finery; here the victim was a shapeless slab, 183 00:20:03,026 --> 00:20:11,120 there a layer of ashes. Across the city, along the streets wafted the unmistakable stench 184 00:20:12,002 --> 00:20:14,060 of decaying flesh. 185 00:20:16,004 --> 00:20:22,038 Indeed, of all the hideous scents wafting through Dresden - sulfur, gas, sewage - 186 00:20:22,073 --> 00:20:26,038 the heavy stench of cooked flesh blanketed all. 187 00:20:27,003 --> 00:20:31,075 What were at first mistaken to be thousands of burnt logs scattered about the streets 188 00:20:32,002 --> 00:20:38,034 were soon found to be charred corpses glued to the surface, each reduced to roughly three feet. 189 00:20:39,016 --> 00:20:45,014 Rescue worker: One shape I will never forget was the remains of what had apparently been 190 00:20:45,049 --> 00:20:51,012 a mother and a child. They had shriveled and charred into one piece, and had been stuck 191 00:20:52,002 --> 00:20:58,967 rigidly to the asphalt. They had just been prised up. The child must have been underneath 192 00:20:59,002 --> 00:21:06,011 the mother, because you could still clearly see its shape, with its mother�s arms clasped around it. 193 00:21:07,008 --> 00:21:12,050 Aware that those in the old city would flee the flames to the open spaces, the RAF had 194 00:21:13,023 --> 00:21:18,582 hurled hundreds of high explosive bombs into the huge central park. Here, the slaughter 195 00:21:18,789 --> 00:21:25,789 was ghastly - torn-off limbs, mutilated torsos, heads blown from their bodies and hurled away. 196 00:21:26,069 --> 00:21:28,087 The nightmare was everywhere. 197 00:21:30,056 --> 00:21:34,972 Red Cross Worker: I went down on my knees, trembled and cried. Several women lay 198 00:21:35,007 --> 00:21:40,846 there with their bellies burst open, and one could see the babies for they were hanging 199 00:21:41,539 --> 00:21:48,539 half outside. Many of the babies were mutilated. Scenes like that one I saw everywhere 200 00:21:48,574 --> 00:21:53,130 and very slowly one became numbed. One acted like a zombie. 201 00:21:56,008 --> 00:22:01,027 The next morning, word spread that survivors should assemble in the city park. As the suffering 202 00:22:01,062 --> 00:22:05,033 mass climbed over the debris and the dead, they reached the park as well as the grassy 203 00:22:05,087 --> 00:22:12,087 banks of the Elbe. Some found missing loved ones. Most, however, did not. 204 00:22:13,098 --> 00:22:20,122 And then, shattering the calm, came the sounds once more - the roar of engines overhead. 205 00:22:21,004 --> 00:22:26,403 As US bombers began blasting the rubble to dust, American fighter planes zeroed in on the thousands 206 00:22:26,799 --> 00:22:31,825 of refugees at the park, along the river and in other open spaces. 207 00:22:33,038 --> 00:22:38,051 Even zoo animals which had miraculously managed to survive the bombing raids, 208 00:22:38,086 --> 00:22:44,101 were strafed and slaughtered. A weeping zoo keeper watched as an American pilot chased down and 209 00:22:45,001 --> 00:22:48,023 shot his last remaining giraffe. 210 00:22:48,087 --> 00:22:54,152 Although the raid lasted only ten minutes, the Americans returned the next day, and the next, 211 00:22:55,052 --> 00:23:00,136 and the next, seemingly determined that not a single living thing should survive in Dresden. 212 00:23:02,046 --> 00:23:08,039 One of the horrors for those who had survived the nightmare was recovery of the dead. 213 00:23:08,074 --> 00:23:12,116 Initially, bodies were pitchforked onto trucks and wagons, and then take to shallow graves on the 214 00:23:13,002 --> 00:23:18,056 outskirts of Dresden. It soon became clear that such a slow process 215 00:23:18,074 --> 00:23:22,162 could never handle the enormous amount of bodies, so huge grills were fashioned from 216 00:23:23,062 --> 00:23:28,991 girders in various parts of town and corpses were stacked on them like logs. When the piles 217 00:23:29,549 --> 00:23:35,551 reached roughly ten feet high and thirty feet wide, flame throwers were used to ignite the mass. 218 00:23:38,006 --> 00:23:43,104 One month after the massacre, the Dresden Chief of Police reported that over 200,000 bodies 219 00:23:44,059 --> 00:23:49,049 had been recovered from the ruins. Later, the International Red Cross estimated 220 00:23:49,084 --> 00:23:56,803 that 275,000 had died in the raids. Because of the incredible density of Dresden�s population 221 00:23:57,559 --> 00:24:02,343 on the night of February 13th�14th, because thousands of victims were refugees with no 222 00:24:02,378 --> 00:24:07,127 records, and because many bodies either lay buried forever in the ruins or had simply 223 00:24:08,027 --> 00:24:13,123 melted like wax, other estimates, which place the death toll at 300,000 to 400,000 may well 224 00:24:14,023 --> 00:24:16,067 be closer to the mark. 225 00:24:18,004 --> 00:24:21,028 More people died during the firebombing of Dresden than during the 226 00:24:21,065 --> 00:24:24,071 nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined. 227 00:24:27,001 --> 00:24:33,001 RAF crewman: To just fly over it without opposition felt like murder. I felt it was a cowardly war. 228 00:24:36,014 --> 00:24:41,015 Working in tandem with the terror bombing of German cities was the "targets of opportunity" 229 00:24:41,024 --> 00:24:48,463 policy upon the countryside. Under this order, anything moving in the Reich was fair game 230 00:24:48,679 --> 00:24:55,745 for Allied fighter planes. Ships, trucks, cars, trains, ambulances, women shopping on 231 00:24:56,035 --> 00:25:03,064 bicycles, farmers in fields, animals in pastures, even children in school yards, were targets 232 00:25:03,099 --> 00:25:04,073 of Allied aircraft. 233 00:25:09,001 --> 00:25:15,064 In a flagrant attempt to widen the war, American bombers even attacked Zurich, Basel, and other 234 00:25:15,073 --> 00:25:21,262 targets in neutral Switzerland. Additionally, Winston Churchill made plans to saturate German 235 00:25:21,919 --> 00:25:26,011 cities with poison gas and kill those women and children yet alive amid the rubble. 236 00:25:26,084 --> 00:25:31,089 When advisers pointed out that Adolf Hitler might reply in kind with his own stockpiles of chemical 237 00:25:32,034 --> 00:25:35,373 weapons, the murderous plan was shelved. 238 00:25:35,679 --> 00:25:40,764 Meanwhile, the hell raining from the clouds mirrored an ongoing hell rising from the mud. 239 00:25:41,529 --> 00:25:46,554 As Germans soon came to realize, the Allied powers sought not only the physical destruction 240 00:25:46,779 --> 00:25:51,827 of Germany, but the spiritual massacre of the nation as well. 241 00:25:53,036 --> 00:25:57,036 THE RAPE OF GERMANY 242 00:26:03,082 --> 00:26:07,170 The evil swept in from the East. There were constant rumors and hints about what might 243 00:26:08,007 --> 00:26:15,007 be expected should the Soviet Union overrun Germany. Most Germans, however, remained hopeful. 244 00:26:16,007 --> 00:26:20,226 Such notions of "Asiatic hordes", many felt, were merely the government�s attempt 245 00:26:20,289 --> 00:26:22,294 to harden their will to resist. 246 00:26:23,058 --> 00:26:29,060 Thus it was, that on the night of October 20th, 1944, as the village of Nemmersdorf and 247 00:26:29,078 --> 00:26:35,170 other communities nearest the front slept in imagined security, the unthinkable occurred. 248 00:26:36,007 --> 00:26:41,012 After punching a hole through the German line, the Red Army suddenly burst into the Reich 249 00:26:42,002 --> 00:26:48,068 and swarmed over the countryside. After several days of desperate fighting the German Wehrmacht 250 00:26:48,086 --> 00:26:53,138 regrouped, launched a furious counterattack, and eventually drove the Red Army across 251 00:26:54,038 --> 00:27:01,040 the border. What German troops soon found was staggering. It was at Nemmersdorf where 252 00:27:01,059 --> 00:27:05,028 stunned soldiers first viewed hell on earth. 253 00:27:05,559 --> 00:27:11,330 Along the roads, fleeing refugees had been overtaken by the communists; the people were 254 00:27:11,365 --> 00:27:15,107 pulled from their carts, raped, then murdered on the spot. 255 00:27:17,028 --> 00:27:23,082 A witness: In the farmyard further down the road stood a cart, to which four naked women 256 00:27:23,117 --> 00:27:30,110 were nailed through their hands in a cruciform position. Beyond stood a barn 257 00:27:31,001 --> 00:27:38,006 and to each of its two doors a naked woman was nailed through the hands, in a crucified posture. 258 00:27:39,002 --> 00:27:45,058 In the dwellings we found a total of seventy - two women, including children, 259 00:27:46,038 --> 00:27:59,110 and one old man, 74, all dead, all murdered in a bestial manner, except only a few who 260 00:28:00,001 --> 00:28:03,065 had bullet holes in their necks. 261 00:28:05,042 --> 00:28:09,045 Some babies had their heads bashed in. 262 00:28:13,062 --> 00:28:19,120 In one room we found a woman, 84 years old, sitting on a sofa, 263 00:28:20,002 --> 00:28:28,020 half of whose head had been sheared off with an ax or a spade. 264 00:28:30,064 --> 00:28:34,158 Old men who had tried to protect their wives, daughters and granddaughters, were themselves 265 00:28:35,058 --> 00:28:41,657 knocked down, then sawed in half. Fifty French POWs and Polish workers who had instinctively 266 00:28:42,179 --> 00:28:46,188 stepped in to protect the people were castrated and killed. 267 00:28:47,008 --> 00:28:52,026 Staggered by the enormity of the crime, German authorities requested that neutral observers 268 00:28:52,061 --> 00:28:58,325 from Spain, Sweden and Switzerland view the sickening carnage close up. However, when 269 00:28:58,559 --> 00:29:04,561 the visitors filed their reports and word finally reached the outside world, there was only silence. 270 00:29:06,002 --> 00:29:11,076 By the winter of 1944, the vicious propaganda war waged against Germany had been won. 271 00:29:13,006 --> 00:29:17,965 By that late stage of the conflict, the war of words had reached such evil extremes 272 00:29:18,559 --> 00:29:22,037 that few individuals beyond the Reich�s borders were concerned about brained German 273 00:29:22,072 --> 00:29:28,083 babies or crucified German women. By the final months of the war, the enemy to be destroyed 274 00:29:28,118 --> 00:29:33,089 was not merely Adolf Hitler, the Nazi Party or even the soldiers in the field. 275 00:29:34,043 --> 00:29:39,137 By the final months of the war, the aim of the approaching Allies was nothing less than the utter 276 00:29:40,037 --> 00:29:47,111 extinction of the German nation - every man, every woman, every child. 277 00:29:49,004 --> 00:29:54,010 Fueling the flames of hate was the Jewish propagandist Ilya Ehrenburg. One of the most 278 00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:59,997 influential men in the Soviet Union, Ehrenburg made sure his message of evil reached every 279 00:30:00,032 --> 00:30:05,035 soldier in the Red Army by ordering that leaflets be dropped from airplanes onto the front lines. 280 00:30:05,062 --> 00:30:12,126 Ehrenburg's directive: Kill them all, men, old men, children and the women, after you 281 00:30:12,161 --> 00:30:19,190 have amused yourself with them! Kill. Nothing in Germany is guiltless, neither the living 282 00:30:20,009 --> 00:30:27,011 nor the yet unborn. Break the racial pride of the German woman. Take her as your 283 00:30:28,001 --> 00:30:35,079 legitimate booty. Kill, you brave soldiers of the victorious Soviet Army. 284 00:30:37,036 --> 00:30:42,114 Soon, as the Red Army forced the Wehrmacht back in the east, millions of German civilians 285 00:30:43,149 --> 00:30:48,195 suffered the same ghastly fate as the victims of Nemmesdorf. 286 00:30:49,052 --> 00:30:54,056 Although first encounters with Soviet shock troops were truly traumatic, it was the second 287 00:30:54,057 --> 00:31:00,130 wave of soldiers who delivered hell on earth. In numerous instances, before troops pushed on 288 00:31:01,003 --> 00:31:03,079 they turned to the helpless civilians and warned: 289 00:31:04,006 --> 00:31:08,072 The Mongols are coming. Very bad men. You go quick. Go quick. 290 00:31:12,018 --> 00:31:18,112 Terrified by the news, many Germans did attempt to flee. Most, however, found themselves trapped. 291 00:31:19,013 --> 00:31:24,069 Other than destroy liquor and hide young girls, most could only watch the clock and pray that 292 00:31:24,104 --> 00:31:29,147 their worst fears were unfounded. After a wait of sometimes days, but normally hours, 293 00:31:30,047 --> 00:31:33,079 the dreaded second wave arrived. 294 00:31:34,004 --> 00:31:39,004 Composed largely of Mongols and other Asians, as well as convicts, these men who formed 295 00:31:39,409 --> 00:31:45,461 the second wave of troops were regarded, even by their own comrades, as utterly merciless. 296 00:31:46,058 --> 00:31:50,136 Leading this group were the Communist commissars, the fanatical political officers composed 297 00:31:51,036 --> 00:31:57,215 almost exclusively of Jews. These hate- filled individuals acted as the more-than- willing 298 00:31:57,539 --> 00:32:00,615 orchestrators of the horrors that befell the German people. 299 00:32:01,099 --> 00:32:06,408 Of all the methods used to express its hatred, the Red Army said it best with rape. 300 00:32:08,098 --> 00:32:14,142 Rape Survivor: And when the first Russians came, the combat troops, they came in and 301 00:32:15,429 --> 00:32:21,464 wanted to see everything, asked about weapons, and soldiers, looked at everything closely, 302 00:32:21,779 --> 00:32:29,779 didn't find anything, and were very friendly, and just left. Then the next lot arrived. 303 00:32:31,001 --> 00:32:37,099 The next one took me outside straight away. My mother wanted to throw herself in front of me, 304 00:32:38,009 --> 00:32:46,011 but she was pushed back. And then they took me upstairs, and as I tried to defend myself, 305 00:32:46,046 --> 00:32:54,018 he showed me his gun. And then when I came back down, I was.. well, shocked, 306 00:32:54,081 --> 00:33:02,104 but I was just happy that I was still alive. They said, "Woman, Come!" They said it in German, 307 00:33:03,004 --> 00:33:11,007 "Frau kommen!" in German. We were the prize. It was always like that. 308 00:33:12,309 --> 00:33:19,405 From eight to eighty years old, healthy or ill, indoors or out, in fields, on sidewalks, 309 00:33:20,269 --> 00:33:27,291 against walls, the defilement, torture, and murder of German women continued unabated. 310 00:33:28,001 --> 00:33:33,060 Merely because a female had been raped once was also no guarantee she would not be assaulted 311 00:33:33,159 --> 00:33:37,000 again... and again... and again. 312 00:33:38,042 --> 00:33:43,136 A victim: The Russians were coming and going the whole time and they kept eyeing us greedily. 313 00:33:45,068 --> 00:33:51,144 The nights were dreadful because we were never safe for a moment. The women were raped, 314 00:33:52,044 --> 00:33:59,118 not once or twice but ten, twenty, thirty and a hundred times, and it was all the same to 315 00:34:00,018 --> 00:34:07,082 the Russians whether they raped mere children or old women. The youngest victim in the row 316 00:34:07,117 --> 00:34:14,178 houses where we lived was ten years of age and the oldest one was over seventy. 317 00:34:17,064 --> 00:34:22,122 The women of Germany not only had to endure this onslaught of rape, torture, and murder, 318 00:34:23,022 --> 00:34:26,098 but also, the humiliation of having it witnessed by friends and family. 319 00:34:27,009 --> 00:34:32,081 A witness: These atrocities were not committed secretly or in hidden corners but in public, 320 00:34:33,062 --> 00:34:38,841 in churches, on the streets, and on the squares. Mothers were raped in the presence of 321 00:34:39,004 --> 00:34:42,040 their children, girls were raped in front of their brothers. 322 00:34:43,024 --> 00:34:48,033 When even violated corpses could no longer be of use, sticks, iron bars and telephone 323 00:34:49,149 --> 00:34:53,187 receivers were commonly rammed into their vaginas. 324 00:34:54,027 --> 00:34:59,346 Jewish commissars had a special desire to defile the churches of Germany. Soon after 325 00:34:59,589 --> 00:35:04,613 the fall of Danzig, hundreds of desperate females pleaded with an officer for protection. 326 00:35:04,829 --> 00:35:10,458 The Soviet pointed to a Catholic cathedral. After the women were safely inside, the officer 327 00:35:10,493 --> 00:35:16,803 yelled to his men, pointed to the church, and with bells ringing and organ pipes roaring 328 00:35:16,838 --> 00:35:23,114 the horror continued all night. Some women and girls inside, some as young as 8 years old, 329 00:35:24,014 --> 00:35:30,021 were raped more than thirty times. Little boys who tried to shield their mothers were shot. 330 00:35:32,579 --> 00:35:37,853 When Soviet soldiers captured the city of Neustettin in February 1945, they discovered 331 00:35:37,888 --> 00:35:43,127 several large camps of the Women�s Reich Labor Service, an organization composed mostly 332 00:35:44,027 --> 00:35:50,048 of girls who worked on various projects from nursing to street repair. After re-capturing 333 00:35:50,083 --> 00:35:56,069 the area, the German soldiers were horrified by what had happened to the 2,500 females. 334 00:36:00,056 --> 00:36:05,060 German soldier: We had never seen anything like it - utterly, unbelievably monstrous! 335 00:36:07,004 --> 00:36:13,066 Naked, dead women lay in many of the rooms. Swastikas had been cut into their abdomens, 336 00:36:15,019 --> 00:36:23,115 in some the intestines bulged out, breasts were cut up, faces beaten to a pulp and swollen puffy. 337 00:36:24,078 --> 00:36:29,103 Others had been tied to the furniture by their hands and feet, and massacred. 338 00:36:30,003 --> 00:36:34,976 A broomstick protruded from the vagina of one, a besom from that of another. 339 00:36:35,011 --> 00:36:40,087 The mothers had to witness how their ten and twelve-year-old daughters were raped by some 20 men; 340 00:36:40,122 --> 00:36:45,096 the daughters in turn saw their mothers being raped, even their grandmothers. 341 00:36:48,024 --> 00:36:54,030 Women who tried to resist were brutally tortured to death. There was no mercy. 342 00:36:55,014 --> 00:37:00,534 The women we liberated were in a state almost impossible to describe. Their faces had a confused, 343 00:37:00,569 --> 00:37:06,055 vacant look. Some were beyond speaking to, ran up and down and moaned the same sentences over 344 00:37:06,082 --> 00:37:08,114 and over again. 345 00:37:10,018 --> 00:37:15,016 Having seen the consequences of these bestial atrocities, we were terribly 346 00:37:15,051 --> 00:37:21,640 agitated and determined to fight. We knew the war was past winning; but it was our obligation 347 00:37:22,099 --> 00:37:26,041 and sacred duty to fight to the very last bullet. 348 00:37:26,076 --> 00:37:31,120 While its men fought furiously in the East, Germany was also trying to stave off invasion 349 00:37:32,021 --> 00:37:37,556 from the West. Unfortunately, the invaders on this front often did not behave any better 350 00:37:37,591 --> 00:37:42,849 than their Soviet Allies; battlefield newsmen to the west simply did not report the crimes. 351 00:37:42,884 --> 00:37:48,107 As tens of thousands of German rape victims could attest, there was no safety among the 352 00:37:49,007 --> 00:37:51,011 American and British. 353 00:37:52,024 --> 00:38:00,120 Millions massacred, millions raped, millions already enslaved - but this was only the beginning 354 00:38:01,002 --> 00:38:02,054 of Germany�s nightmare. 355 00:38:06,008 --> 00:38:09,096 THE BALTIC MASSACRE 356 00:38:16,008 --> 00:38:20,014 With the German army in headlong retreat, hordes of Red soldiers swarmed into 357 00:38:20,068 --> 00:38:23,152 Greater Germany during the last winter of the war. 358 00:38:25,068 --> 00:38:27,156 As word of the Soviet breakthrough spread, 359 00:38:28,056 --> 00:38:32,092 millions of Germans hastily packed and fled into the freezing weather. 360 00:38:33,069 --> 00:38:38,143 Most merely packed farm carts, hitched horses or cows, and set off as fast as their animals 361 00:38:39,043 --> 00:38:47,043 would take them. Already bitterly cold, several days after the "treks" began the temperature plunged. 362 00:38:48,028 --> 00:38:52,034 As a result, little children and infants dropped by the thousands. 363 00:38:53,002 --> 00:38:57,098 With the earth hard as rock, tiny holes dug in the snowbanks served as graves. 364 00:38:59,016 --> 00:39:06,100 A young mother: It was so terribly cold, and the wind was like ice� the snow was falling 365 00:39:06,135 --> 00:39:13,184 and nothing warm to eat, no milk and nothing. I tried to give Gabi the breast, behind a 366 00:39:14,084 --> 00:39:22,092 house, but she didn�t take it because everything was so cold. Many women tried that, 367 00:39:23,064 --> 00:39:26,072 and some froze their breasts. 368 00:39:27,076 --> 00:39:32,078 Given the chaotic conditions, and with freezing refugees clogging the way, many treks were 369 00:39:32,098 --> 00:39:38,467 quickly overhauled by the Russians. Some Soviet tanks crashed straight through the columns, 370 00:39:39,349 --> 00:39:46,234 squashing all in their path. After heavy traffic, the victims - men, women, children, animals, 371 00:39:46,269 --> 00:39:53,119 all - were pressed together as flat as cardboard. Those terrified survivors who had scattered to 372 00:39:54,019 --> 00:39:57,019 the icy countryside fell easy prey. 373 00:39:59,068 --> 00:40:03,152 As always, for females the living death soon began. 374 00:40:07,068 --> 00:40:14,068 For millions of Germans cut off on the Baltic coast, only one avenue of escape remained - the sea. 375 00:40:18,002 --> 00:40:23,571 As isolated Wehrmacht units desperately defended their shrinking Baltic beach-heads, millions 376 00:40:23,589 --> 00:40:29,028 of refugees poured into the coastal enclaves. With their backs literally to the sea, only 377 00:40:29,063 --> 00:40:36,067 the slow and treacherous evacuation by boat was an option. Consequently, at Memel, Konigsberg, 378 00:40:37,004 --> 00:40:42,036 Danzig, and other besieged cauldrons, the situation was appalling. 379 00:40:42,369 --> 00:40:48,986 Juergen Thorwald: Every alley, every street was packed with their vehicles. People were 380 00:40:49,021 --> 00:40:56,021 waiting in every harbor shed, in every wind - sheltered corner. Among them stood their beasts, bleating, 381 00:40:56,056 --> 00:41:02,051 snorting, lowing. The pregnant women giving birth somewhere in a corner, on the 382 00:41:02,086 --> 00:41:08,012 ground, in a barracks. Some of them had been raped on their flight, and now they 383 00:41:08,047 --> 00:41:15,111 were trembling for fear they would give birth to a monster. The strangely pale faces of 384 00:41:16,012 --> 00:41:22,977 girls going up and down the streets asking for a doctor. The wounded and the sick, 385 00:41:23,012 --> 00:41:29,100 in constant fear they would be left behind, concealing weapons under their blankets to force someone 386 00:41:30,001 --> 00:41:37,001 to take them along, or to end their own lives if the Russians came. 387 00:41:38,002 --> 00:41:46,014 The orphans who had been saved from their asylum somewhere at the last moment and tossed onto carts 388 00:41:46,032 --> 00:41:51,039 with nothing around them but a blanket, and who were now lying on the floors with frozen limbs. 389 00:41:52,045 --> 00:41:59,048 The old people who had lain down in some doorway at night, and had not awakened. 390 00:42:00,084 --> 00:42:08,128 And the wild-eyed insane ones who rushed from house to house, from wagon to wagon, 391 00:42:09,028 --> 00:42:12,084 crying for their mothers or their children. 392 00:42:13,036 --> 00:42:23,104 Over it all the gray sky, snow, frost, and thaw.. and thaw and frost and snow, 393 00:42:24,004 --> 00:42:27,032 and the chill, killing wet. 394 00:42:30,000 --> 00:42:35,835 When a long-sought vessel finally tied up and lowered the walkways, pandemonium erupted 395 00:42:35,870 --> 00:42:41,518 on the docks. Because of an order granting priority to those with children, the latter 396 00:42:41,553 --> 00:42:47,166 became more valuable than gold. Once adults had boarded, they often tossed infants to 397 00:42:48,066 --> 00:42:55,066 relatives or friends below in hopes they might also board. Many babies died, of course, either 398 00:42:55,101 --> 00:43:02,072 falling into the freezing water or smashing onto the docks below. 399 00:43:03,008 --> 00:43:08,014 Nearby, terribly wounded soldiers quietly awaited their turn to board. 400 00:43:11,359 --> 00:43:18,359 For those who sailed from the besieged ports, their prayers appeared answered; 401 00:43:19,044 --> 00:43:27,112 for those left standing behind, their doom seemed sealed. Many men, "in a surge of madness," shot 402 00:43:28,012 --> 00:43:34,043 themselves. Crazed mothers, with starvation gnawing and the red terror looming, found 403 00:43:34,078 --> 00:43:40,074 cyanide and poisoned their children, then themselves. Old people merely crawled into 404 00:43:40,109 --> 00:43:43,141 snow banks, fell asleep, and never awoke. 405 00:43:44,096 --> 00:43:50,180 Unfortunately, for thousands of refugees, there was no escaping the nightmare, even at sea. 406 00:43:53,044 --> 00:43:58,116 While many refugee ships successfully traversed the treacherous Baltic, Allied bombers were 407 00:43:59,016 --> 00:44:07,084 often the first to greet them when they docked. At Swinemunde in northern Germany, the arrival 408 00:44:07,119 --> 00:44:12,172 of a freighter loaded with evacuees coincided almost exactly with an Allied air raid. 409 00:44:13,072 --> 00:44:20,076 Hardly had the ship docked when a direct hit sent it to the bottom, taking 2,000 screaming passengers with it. 410 00:44:27,029 --> 00:44:33,062 On January 30, 1945, over 60,000 refugees crowded the docks of Gotenhafen, 411 00:44:33,097 --> 00:44:39,108 desperately trying to board the Wilhelm Gustloff, a former cruise liner designed to accommodate 412 00:44:40,008 --> 00:44:46,010 two thousand passengers and crew. By the time the beautiful white ship cast off, she had taken on as many 413 00:44:46,045 --> 00:44:49,076 as six to eight thousand refugees. 414 00:44:50,003 --> 00:44:55,233 As the Gustloff backed away from the port, her path was blocked by smaller craft all jammed 415 00:44:55,268 --> 00:45:00,464 with passengers begging to come aboard. Nets were lowered, and an additional two thousand 416 00:45:00,599 --> 00:45:06,032 refugees scrambled up. Strained far beyond its limits, the tightly-sealed ship filled 417 00:45:06,067 --> 00:45:14,143 with a hot, nauseating stench of urine, excrement, and vomit. The groans of severely wounded 418 00:45:15,044 --> 00:45:20,092 soldiers and the screams of separated families added to the ghastly horror. 419 00:45:21,044 --> 00:45:24,088 But the worst was yet to come. 420 00:45:27,004 --> 00:45:33,012 At approximately 9 p.m., three heavy thuds rocked the Gustloff. Panic-stricken, thousands 421 00:45:34,021 --> 00:45:39,010 below deck stampeded through the narrow passageways, crushing and clawing in a mad attempt 422 00:45:39,045 --> 00:45:45,072 to reach safety. Most lifeboats were frozen solid and even those that could be freed were mishandled 423 00:45:45,107 --> 00:45:52,072 in the panic, spilling their screaming occupants into the icy black sea. Within a few minutes, 424 00:45:52,107 --> 00:45:54,160 those in the water were dead. 425 00:45:56,599 --> 00:46:01,328 While thousands of freezing people pressed along the decks, loud speakers blared words 426 00:46:01,363 --> 00:46:06,058 of comfort, assuring passengers that the ship would not sink and help was on the way. 427 00:46:07,039 --> 00:46:11,131 Convinced that the sealed bulkheads had held and that indeed, the ship would remain afloat, many 428 00:46:12,032 --> 00:46:18,124 refugees fled indoors once more to escape the razor sharp winds and �20 degree (-29 C) temperature. 429 00:46:19,092 --> 00:46:23,092 The respite proved brief, however. 430 00:46:30,014 --> 00:46:33,070 At ten o�clock a heavy tremor ripped the Gustloff as the bulkheads broke and the sea rushed in. 431 00:46:33,105 --> 00:46:38,079 Within seconds, the big ship began to roll on its side, then plunged beneath the waves. 432 00:46:42,048 --> 00:46:46,637 When rescue ships later reached the scene, they pulled from the icy waters a mere nine 433 00:46:47,069 --> 00:46:54,069 hundred survivors. All else - roughly seven to nine thousand men, women and children - 434 00:46:54,104 --> 00:46:56,020 were lost. 435 00:46:59,024 --> 00:47:05,108 As many more incidents would prove, the sinking of the Gustloff was no mistake. In a deliberate 436 00:47:06,089 --> 00:47:11,500 attempt to kill as many refugees as possible, Soviet submarines struck again and again at 437 00:47:11,535 --> 00:47:13,081 the slow-moving ships. 438 00:47:14,026 --> 00:47:19,124 Soon after midnight on February 10th, an old luxury liner, the General Stueben, was plowing 439 00:47:20,024 --> 00:47:26,123 through the icy, black Baltic. Heavily weighed down with refugees and wounded soldiers, the 440 00:47:26,339 --> 00:47:32,480 ship was in the midst of its second such evacuation in less than a fortnight. Just before one a.m., 441 00:47:32,515 --> 00:47:38,021 two torpedoes slammed into the ship's side. As the Stueben�s stern rose high out 442 00:47:38,056 --> 00:47:43,144 of the water, hundreds leaped overboard, including some who were torn to pieces by the still-turning 443 00:47:44,044 --> 00:47:50,034 propellers. Within seven minutes, the ship plunged beneath the waves, swiftly silencing 444 00:47:50,069 --> 00:47:57,080 a final mass scream that seemed to arise from a single voice. Of the 3,500 passengers aboard, 445 00:47:57,115 --> 00:48:01,077 only a few hundred survived. 446 00:48:08,012 --> 00:48:12,100 Goodrich: Like some great wild animal, the Red Army moved closer to the heart of Germany. 447 00:48:13,000 --> 00:48:18,055 In countless German cities and towns the pattern repeated itself. The bloody nightmare which 448 00:48:18,090 --> 00:48:22,123 enveloped the Baltic coast was typical of that which transpired wherever the Soviets 449 00:48:23,024 --> 00:48:31,116 occupied German soil. In many places - Silesia, Prussia, Pomerania, in the German communities 450 00:48:32,016 --> 00:48:38,043 of Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia, Poland, Hungary - a similar horror had been in progress for weeks. 451 00:48:38,092 --> 00:48:44,251 There, the ghastly atrocities actually increased, as if Red soldiers were in a mad race 452 00:48:45,079 --> 00:48:50,131 with one another to see who could destroy, murder and, above all, who could rape the most. 453 00:48:50,166 --> 00:48:55,184 Meanwhile, the American and British forces punched through the German lines in the West. 454 00:48:56,084 --> 00:49:02,168 Unlike the East Front, however, German soldiers were well aware that the foes they faced in the west were 455 00:49:03,068 --> 00:49:09,077 signatories of the Geneva Convention. Under this agreement, captured or surrendering German 456 00:49:09,112 --> 00:49:15,087 soldiers were protected by law. With the Red Army roaring across Germany from the east, 457 00:49:15,088 --> 00:49:20,088 many Germans secretly hoped that the Americans might occupy what remained of the Reich before 458 00:49:20,123 --> 00:49:24,091 the communists did. It was no secret that Germans, high and low, 459 00:49:25,072 --> 00:49:29,078 considered the Americans and British the lesser of two evils. 460 00:49:30,032 --> 00:49:33,048 Unfortunately, they were not always right. 461 00:49:35,004 --> 00:49:38,020 DEFEAT IN THE WEST 462 00:49:41,004 --> 00:49:47,056 In the Spring of 1945, as Berliners prepared to defend the capital from the encircling Soviet army, 463 00:49:47,091 --> 00:49:50,064 Germans to the west also fought to halt the Allied tide. 464 00:49:53,004 --> 00:49:58,028 Unlike the howling savagery to the east, fraught with nightmarish ferocity, 465 00:49:58,064 --> 00:50:04,108 defeat in the west came methodically, relentlessly and, judged by the standards of the east, 466 00:50:05,008 --> 00:50:06,104 almost silently. 467 00:50:07,052 --> 00:50:13,017 As the Western front crept closer, civilians anxiously awaited the Allied arrival. 468 00:50:13,052 --> 00:50:20,071 Unlike the terrified trekkers to the east, relatively few Germans in the west abandoned their homes. 469 00:50:20,106 --> 00:50:25,079 The racial and cultural ties with the enemy, particularly the Americans, were simply too 470 00:50:25,114 --> 00:50:29,091 strong to arouse the same terror as the Soviets did. 471 00:50:31,092 --> 00:50:36,148 Far from fleeing the advancing Allies, many civilians actually ran to greet them. 472 00:50:38,012 --> 00:50:42,016 Little did the Germans realize that because of a decade of Jewish propaganda, 473 00:50:42,052 --> 00:50:47,056 the Americans were perhaps even more hate - filled than the Soviets. 474 00:50:50,044 --> 00:50:55,120 Unlike the wild and almost unimaginable Red Army, US military commanders might have easily 475 00:50:56,002 --> 00:51:00,008 prevented crimes committed against helpless civilians had they only willed it. 476 00:51:00,043 --> 00:51:03,044 In most cases, however, they did not. 477 00:51:05,028 --> 00:51:09,120 Leading the charge against the German people was General Dwight D. Eisenhower, a man whose 478 00:51:10,021 --> 00:51:15,586 hatred of all things German was well known. In much the same vein as Stalin and Roosevelt, 479 00:51:15,621 --> 00:51:21,151 Eisenhower advocated the outright massacre of German army officers, Nazi Party members 480 00:51:22,051 --> 00:51:29,115 and others. In all, according to the Allied commander, at least 100,000 German leaders 481 00:51:30,018 --> 00:51:33,026 should be "exterminated." 482 00:51:33,072 --> 00:51:39,471 Not surprisingly, such sentiment from above quickly filtered down. "The only good German 483 00:51:40,119 --> 00:51:46,123 is a dead German," became the pervasive sentiment. "Take no prisoners," was the tacit understanding. 484 00:51:46,158 --> 00:51:52,112 By the tens of thousands, captured or surrendering Germans were simply slaughtered on the spot. 485 00:51:53,064 --> 00:51:59,564 As American forces swept toward Munich in late April, 1945, most German guards at the 486 00:51:59,599 --> 00:52:06,029 concentration camp near Dachau fled. Despite signs at the gate warning, "No entrance - 487 00:52:06,064 --> 00:52:11,120 typhus epidemic," several hundred German soldiers were ordered to the prison to maintain order 488 00:52:12,002 --> 00:52:16,070 and arrange the transfer of over 30,000 prisoners to the Allies. 489 00:52:17,044 --> 00:52:22,116 When the Americans reached Dachau the following day, they were horrified by what they saw. 490 00:52:23,018 --> 00:52:27,026 Outside the prison sat rail cars full of diseased and starved corpses. 491 00:52:28,084 --> 00:52:34,108 Inside the camp, a room piled high with naked and emaciated bodies was also discovered. 492 00:52:35,008 --> 00:52:39,009 Unhinged by the nightmare, certain that Dachau was proof of the atrocities 493 00:52:39,044 --> 00:52:43,052 they had heard so much about in America, officers turned their enraged troops loose 494 00:52:44,024 --> 00:52:45,116 on the now disarmed German soldiers. 495 00:52:46,006 --> 00:52:51,715 A US soldier: The men were deliberately wounding guards. A lot of guards were shot 496 00:52:52,309 --> 00:52:57,325 in the legs so they couldn�t move. They were then turned over to the inmates. 497 00:52:57,360 --> 00:53:02,112 One was beheaded with a bayonet. Others were ripped apart limb by limb. 498 00:53:03,064 --> 00:53:08,128 While the tortures were in progress, a lieutenant forced over 300 captive Germans up against a wall, 499 00:53:09,028 --> 00:53:15,040 planted two machine-guns, then ordered his men to open fire. Those still alive when 500 00:53:15,041 --> 00:53:20,117 the fusillade ended were forced to stand amid the carnage while the machine-gunners reloaded. 501 00:53:22,008 --> 00:53:27,104 In all, over five hundred helpless German soldiers were slaughtered in cold blood. 502 00:53:28,052 --> 00:53:33,056 As a final touch, the citizens of Dachau were forced to bury the thousands of corpses in 503 00:53:33,569 --> 00:53:37,647 the camp, thereby assuring the death of many more from disease. 504 00:53:38,349 --> 00:53:43,272 Few Americans noticed, because few cared, but conditions in German cities and towns were 505 00:53:43,307 --> 00:53:48,196 not much better than that at Dachau. Because of the round-the-clock American and British 506 00:53:48,619 --> 00:53:53,989 air attacks week after week, very little food and almost no medicine was arriving anywhere 507 00:53:54,024 --> 00:54:00,100 in Germany. Virtually none reached the numerous concentration camps, where, during the last days, 508 00:54:01,000 --> 00:54:06,028 disease and starvation swept away the inmates by the thousands. 509 00:54:06,029 --> 00:54:11,117 The incident at Dachau was merely one of many massacres committed by US troops. 510 00:54:16,000 --> 00:54:23,556 US Soldier: We had been held up at a little town. We were supposed to just walk through it, 511 00:54:23,591 --> 00:54:31,112 and the Germans stopped us dead. We just couldn't crack it. Eventually artillery came in, 512 00:54:33,028 --> 00:54:43,030 sort of leveled the houses. They finally surrendered, and they came out, and sort of lined up. 513 00:54:43,048 --> 00:54:52,037 Per usual, no one knew what was going on. We had a new battalion commander, 514 00:54:52,072 --> 00:54:59,072 just graduated from West Point, and he lined them up, and said, "I want you to shoot them." 515 00:55:00,004 --> 00:55:06,092 And I was horrified. Quite a few of us were horrified. And I went to him and told him, 516 00:55:07,029 --> 00:55:13,598 you know, that this was against all international law, and humanity. My good buddy, who I'd 517 00:55:13,633 --> 00:55:20,168 spent so much time with, grabbed me, and said "This nut will shoot you. You better knock 518 00:55:21,007 --> 00:55:28,007 this off." And he got enough guys, and they shot these.. about twenty five prisoners. 519 00:55:30,004 --> 00:55:37,004 It was a terrible thing to see, and I talked to a lot of my buddies who had shot these guys, 520 00:55:38,048 --> 00:55:41,132 and they were horrified too. 521 00:55:44,089 --> 00:55:49,538 Unaware of the deep hatred the Allies harbored for them, when proud SS units surrendered, 522 00:55:50,339 --> 00:55:54,415 they naively assumed that they would be accorded respect as the unsurpassed fighters that they 523 00:55:55,099 --> 00:56:01,170 had proven to be. As soon as they were disarmed, most were slaughtered where they stood. 524 00:56:01,809 --> 00:56:06,940 For those members of the German military lucky enough to survive capture, death often awaited 525 00:56:06,975 --> 00:56:12,072 behind the lines, where thousands more perished. With General Eisenhower turning a blind eye 526 00:56:12,074 --> 00:56:17,148 to the Geneva Convention, only the threat of retaliation against Allied POWs still held 527 00:56:18,048 --> 00:56:22,142 in Germany prevented a massacre of prodigious proportions. 528 00:56:25,002 --> 00:56:30,031 Soon after US combat soldiers moved out of a community and the rear echelon troops moved in, 529 00:56:30,066 --> 00:56:35,060 the reality of occupation became clear to the German citizens. The second wave of soldiers, 530 00:56:36,014 --> 00:56:40,022 wanting to experience a bit of war on their own, took out their aggression on 531 00:56:40,095 --> 00:56:46,120 the helpless Germans by looting, raping, killing, and destroying. 532 00:56:47,002 --> 00:56:52,035 In many towns, the invaders unlocked jails, prisons and concentration camps and invited 533 00:56:52,053 --> 00:56:54,092 the inmates to join in the revelry. 534 00:56:55,004 --> 00:57:00,010 Amy Schrott: They just opened up the camps and let them go. The Russians and Poles were 535 00:57:01,000 --> 00:57:07,965 looting the houses and killing the shopkeepers. Then they began raping the girls. 536 00:57:08,000 --> 00:57:13,034 Similar mayhem engulfed most towns in western Germany as Americans and British pushed onward. 537 00:57:14,007 --> 00:57:18,606 US sergeant: Our own Army and the British Army have done their share of looting 538 00:57:19,299 --> 00:57:24,335 and raping. We too are considered an army of rapists. 539 00:57:25,016 --> 00:57:30,655 Although brutal rapes persisted against defenseless females, the Allied troops quickly discovered 540 00:57:30,839 --> 00:57:35,892 that hunger was a powerful incentive to sexual surrender. Although sex could be bought for 541 00:57:36,369 --> 00:57:42,970 a bit of food, a cigarette or a bar of soap, some victors preferred to take what they wanted, 542 00:57:43,005 --> 00:57:44,686 whenever and wherever they pleased. 543 00:57:46,068 --> 00:57:51,156 American soldier: Hunger made German women more �available,� but despite this, rape was 544 00:57:52,056 --> 00:58:00,072 prevalent and often accompanied by additional violence. In particular I remember an eighteen-year old 545 00:58:00,107 --> 00:58:08,086 woman who had the side of her face smashed with a rifle butt and was then raped by two GIs 546 00:58:09,052 --> 00:58:15,055 Even the French complained that the rapes, looting and drunken destructiveness on the 547 00:58:15,082 --> 00:58:18,176 part of our troops was excessive. 548 00:58:20,076 --> 00:58:24,154 Despite the numerous atrocities committed on the western front, such savagery never 549 00:58:25,549 --> 00:58:31,440 became officially sanctioned. Considering the blood-thirsty propaganda from the primarily 550 00:58:31,475 --> 00:58:36,294 Jewish-owned media, as well as the active incitement of their political and military 551 00:58:36,329 --> 00:58:41,114 leaders, the average British and American soldier comported himself amazingly well, 552 00:58:42,014 --> 00:58:46,080 and certainly far, far better than his Soviet counterpart. 553 00:58:47,044 --> 00:58:51,112 Although the Allies in the West might have easily pushed on to Berlin, they were ordered 554 00:58:52,013 --> 00:58:57,472 to halt just short of their goal. As a token of their great love and gratitude, Roosevelt 555 00:58:57,589 --> 00:59:01,594 and Churchill had already awarded the German capital to Stalin as a prize. 556 00:59:02,003 --> 00:59:07,010 After days of hopeless fighting in which little boys fought, and all too often died, like men 557 00:59:08,000 --> 00:59:14,042 Berlin was finally overwhelmed on May 2nd. And with the suicide of Adolf Hitler, the 558 00:59:14,043 --> 00:59:19,114 war effectively ended. Now that there was virtually no chance for reprisals against 559 00:59:20,014 --> 00:59:26,112 Americans held in German POW camps, Eisenhower's pathological hatred of Germans was given free rein. 560 00:59:29,006 --> 00:59:32,022 DEATH CAMPS 561 00:59:39,094 --> 00:59:44,148 With the final capitulation in May, 1945, the supreme allied commander found himself 562 00:59:45,048 --> 00:59:51,140 in control of over five million ragged, weary, but living, enemy soldiers. Since Eisenhower 563 00:59:52,004 --> 00:59:56,081 could not kill more armed Germans in war, the American desk general decided to kill 564 00:59:57,017 --> 00:59:59,085 disarmed Germans in peace. 565 01:00:02,004 --> 01:00:06,972 Because the Geneva Convention guaranteed POWs the same food, shelter and medical attention 566 01:00:07,007 --> 01:00:13,081 as their captors, Eisenhower simply circumvented the treaty by creating his own category for prisoners. 567 01:00:14,044 --> 01:00:20,046 Under this reclassification, German soldiers were no longer considered POWs, but 568 01:00:20,064 --> 01:00:27,037 DEFs - Disarmed Enemy Forces. With this sleight-of-hand, and in direct violation of the Geneva 569 01:00:27,072 --> 01:00:33,691 Convention, Eisenhower could now deal in secret with those in his power, free from the prying eyes of 570 01:00:34,339 --> 01:00:36,347 the outside world. 571 01:00:39,056 --> 01:00:44,148 Even before the war�s end, thousands of German POWs had died in American captivity 572 01:00:45,049 --> 01:00:50,125 from starvation, neglect, and, in many cases, outright murder. 573 01:00:51,025 --> 01:00:57,026 With the German surrender and the threat of retaliation against Allied POWs entirely erased, 574 01:00:57,061 --> 01:01:03,991 deaths in the American concentration camps accelerated dramatically. 575 01:01:04,026 --> 01:01:09,031 While tens of thousands died of starvation and thirst, hundreds of thousands more perished from 576 01:01:09,076 --> 01:01:10,077 overcrowding and disease. 577 01:01:26,004 --> 01:01:30,076 German prisoner: It�s incomprehensible to me how we could stand for many, many days 578 01:01:31,012 --> 01:01:37,451 without sitting, without lying down, just standing there, totally soaked. During the 579 01:01:37,559 --> 01:01:43,322 day we marched around, huddled together to try to warm each other a bit. The latrines 580 01:01:43,357 --> 01:01:49,085 were just logs flung over ditches next to the barbed wire fences. To sleep, all we could 581 01:01:50,012 --> 01:01:55,536 do was to dig out a hole in the ground with our hands, then cling together in the hole. 582 01:01:55,571 --> 01:02:01,061 Because of illness, the men had to defecate on the ground. Soon, many of us were too weak 583 01:02:02,069 --> 01:02:08,552 to take off our trousers first. So our clothing was infected, and so was the mud where we 584 01:02:08,587 --> 01:02:15,036 had to walk and sit and lie down. There was no water at all at first, except the rain. 585 01:02:15,072 --> 01:02:21,138 More than half the days we had no food at all. On the rest, we got a little K ration. 586 01:02:22,038 --> 01:02:27,277 I could see from the package that they were giving us one tenth of the rations that they 587 01:02:27,619 --> 01:02:33,692 issued to their own men. I complained to the American camp commander that he was 588 01:02:34,349 --> 01:02:42,361 breaking the Geneva Convention, but he just said, "Forget the Convention. You haven�t any rights." 589 01:02:45,008 --> 01:02:51,012 Within a few days, some of the men who had gone healthy into the camps were dead. 590 01:02:52,002 --> 01:02:58,006 I saw our men dragging many dead bodies to the gate of the camp, where they were thrown 591 01:02:58,024 --> 01:03:03,032 loose on top of each other onto trucks, which took them away. 592 01:03:07,012 --> 01:03:11,088 As if their plight were not already hideous enough, prisoners occasionally became the 593 01:03:11,123 --> 01:03:15,125 targets of drunken guards who sprayed the camps with machine-gun fire. 594 01:03:16,025 --> 01:03:22,074 At one compound, amused guards formed lines and beat prisoners with clubs and sticks as 595 01:03:22,109 --> 01:03:28,123 they ran the gauntlet for their paltry rations. At another camp of 5,200 men, ten to thirty 596 01:03:29,023 --> 01:03:34,995 bodies were hauled away every day. Prisoners who did not succumb to hunger or disease often 597 01:03:35,030 --> 01:03:40,968 died of thirst. Many men were forced to drink their own urine even though streams ran a 598 01:03:41,319 --> 01:03:43,057 few feet from the barbed wire. 599 01:03:43,092 --> 01:03:48,385 There was no lack of food or shelter among the victorious Allies. Actually, American 600 01:03:48,420 --> 01:03:53,678 supply depots were bursting at the seams. Instead of allowing even a trickle of this 601 01:03:54,569 --> 01:04:00,591 bounty to reach the compounds, the starvation diet was further reduced. Within full view 602 01:04:00,789 --> 01:04:05,918 of some camps, Americans would sadistically burn food that they could not eat themselves. 603 01:04:05,953 --> 01:04:11,048 Civilians from nearby villages and towns, themselves starving, were prevented at gunpoint 604 01:04:11,067 --> 01:04:15,073 from passing their own meager fare through the fence to prisoners. 605 01:04:16,027 --> 01:04:21,576 Horrified by the silent, secret massacre, the International Red Cross, which had over 606 01:04:21,819 --> 01:04:27,921 100,000 tons of food stored in Switzerland, tried to intercede. When two trains filled 607 01:04:27,956 --> 01:04:34,024 with supplies reached the camps, however, they were turned back by American officers. 608 01:04:34,042 --> 01:04:40,048 Many people found no justification whatsoever in the massacre of helpless prisoners, especially 609 01:04:40,083 --> 01:04:44,074 since the German government had lived up to the Geneva Convention, as one American put it, 610 01:04:44,109 --> 01:04:46,074 "to a tee." 611 01:04:48,004 --> 01:04:51,080 The Red Cross reported that ninety-nine percent of American prisoners 612 01:04:52,017 --> 01:04:57,043 of war in Germany have survived and were on their way home. Nevertheless, Eisenhower�s 613 01:04:57,078 --> 01:05:04,112 murderous program continued apace. Some upright generals, such as General George Patton, opposed 614 01:05:05,012 --> 01:05:09,076 these murderous measures, but Eisenhower quickly overruled them. 615 01:05:11,012 --> 01:05:15,061 While continuing to deny the Red Cross and other relief agencies access to the camps, 616 01:05:15,096 --> 01:05:20,475 Eisenhower stressed among his camp commanders the need for secrecy. To prevent the gruesome 617 01:05:21,339 --> 01:05:24,974 details from reaching the outside world, and sidetrack those that did, counter-rumors 618 01:05:25,009 --> 01:05:30,065 were circulated stating that, far from mistreating and murdering prisoners, camp commanders were 619 01:05:31,046 --> 01:05:35,088 actually turning back released Germans who tried to slip back in for food and shelter. 620 01:05:38,044 --> 01:05:42,106 Unlike their capitalist counterparts, the Soviet communists made little effort to hide 621 01:05:43,069 --> 01:05:49,091 their crimes. Hundreds of thousands of Germans toiled in the forests and mines of Siberia. 622 01:05:49,289 --> 01:05:54,295 The captives were slaves pure and simple and no attempt was made to disguise the fact. 623 01:05:54,349 --> 01:05:59,234 For the enslaved Germans, male and female, the odds of surviving the Soviet gulags were 624 01:05:59,269 --> 01:06:04,120 even worse than escaping the American death camps. A trip to Siberia was tantamount to 625 01:06:05,002 --> 01:06:10,050 a death sentence. What little food the slaves received was intended merely to maintain their 626 01:06:10,068 --> 01:06:16,007 strength until they were worked to death. Much the same might be said of the 600,000 627 01:06:16,619 --> 01:06:18,653 German slaves held by the French. 628 01:06:21,022 --> 01:06:27,028 Ultimately, no fewer than 800,000 German prisoners died in the American and French death camps. 629 01:06:27,082 --> 01:06:34,138 Indeed, Recent estimates place the death toll at upwards of 1.5 million. And thus, in "peace," 630 01:06:35,038 --> 01:06:39,102 did Eisenhower murder at least ten times the number of German soldiers than were killed 631 01:06:40,003 --> 01:06:43,055 on the whole Western Front during the whole of the war. 632 01:06:44,056 --> 01:06:49,068 With the once mighty Wehrmacht now disarmed and enslaved, and with their leaders either 633 01:06:49,069 --> 01:06:55,062 dead or awaiting trial for war crimes, the old men, women and children who remained in 634 01:06:55,097 --> 01:07:02,110 the dismembered Reich now found themselves utterly at the mercy of the victors. Unfortunately, 635 01:07:03,001 --> 01:07:07,023 never in the history of the world was mercy in shorter supply. 636 01:07:08,046 --> 01:07:12,084 THE PURGE 637 01:07:20,036 --> 01:07:25,100 Soon after their victory in Europe, the Allied purge of Nazi Party members commenced. 638 01:07:26,000 --> 01:07:31,046 In theory, "de-Nazification" was a simple transplanting of Party officials with those 639 01:07:31,081 --> 01:07:34,138 of democratic, socialist or communist underpinnings. 640 01:07:38,084 --> 01:07:43,156 In practice, the purge became little more than a cloak for rape, torture and death. 641 01:07:46,072 --> 01:07:50,671 All adult Germans were compelled to register at the nearest Allied headquarters and complete 642 01:07:51,319 --> 01:07:56,058 a lengthy questionnaire on past activities. While many nervous citizens were detained 643 01:07:56,093 --> 01:08:02,972 then and there, most returned home, convinced that the terrible ordeal was over. For millions, 644 01:08:03,809 --> 01:08:09,883 however, the trial had just begun. Few German adults, Nazi or not, escaped the dreaded knock 645 01:08:10,549 --> 01:08:11,593 on the door. 646 01:08:13,096 --> 01:08:18,168 Many people were arrested multiple times, including Leni Riefenstahl, a talented young 647 01:08:19,069 --> 01:08:25,141 woman who was perhaps the world�s most artistic film-maker. Because her epic documentaries - 648 01:08:26,041 --> 01:08:32,050 Triumph of the Will and Olympia - seemed to glorify not only Germany, but National Socialism, 649 01:08:32,085 --> 01:08:37,020 and because of her close relationship with an admiring Adolf Hitler, Leni was of great 650 01:08:37,065 --> 01:08:38,129 interest to the Allies. 651 01:08:40,068 --> 01:08:44,076 Leni Riefenstahl: Neither my husband nor my mother nor any of my three assistants had 652 01:08:45,005 --> 01:08:51,554 ever joined the Nazi Party, nor had any of us been politically active. No charges had 653 01:08:51,589 --> 01:08:58,103 ever been filed against us, yet we were at the mercy of the Allies and had no legal 654 01:08:59,084 --> 01:09:01,112 protection of any kind. 655 01:09:03,056 --> 01:09:07,152 As Leni and others quickly discovered, the "softening up" process began soon after 656 01:09:08,529 --> 01:09:17,800 arrival at an Allied prison. Brutally beaten, raped repeatedly, crammed into dark, overheated cells, 657 01:09:17,835 --> 01:09:21,052 victims nervously awaited their "interrogations". 658 01:09:22,096 --> 01:09:26,100 A German man: The purpose of these interrogations is not to worm out of the people what they 659 01:09:27,038 --> 01:09:33,030 knew, which would be uninteresting anyway, but to extort from them special statements. 660 01:09:33,065 --> 01:09:39,081 The methods resorted to are extremely primitive; people are beaten up until they confess to 661 01:09:39,116 --> 01:09:44,610 having been members of the Nazi Party. The authorities simply assume that, basically, 662 01:09:45,339 --> 01:09:51,290 everybody has belonged to the Party. Many people die during and after these interrogations, 663 01:09:51,325 --> 01:09:57,061 while others, who admit at once their party membership, are treated more leniently. 664 01:09:59,068 --> 01:10:05,140 Generally, after enduring blackened eyes, broken bones, rape, electric shock to breasts, 665 01:10:06,004 --> 01:10:11,092 or, in the case of men, smashed testicles, only those who took their own lives or died during 666 01:10:12,028 --> 01:10:15,072 torture failed to sign confessions. 667 01:10:17,032 --> 01:10:22,056 Since most intelligence officers accompanying US and British forces were Jewish refugees 668 01:10:22,057 --> 01:10:28,131 who had fled Germany in the 1930s, their knowledge of the language and culture was superb. With 669 01:10:29,031 --> 01:10:33,130 old scores to settle, the presence of these men insured that there would be no mercy shown 670 01:10:34,003 --> 01:10:37,095 to Nazis - or any German, for that matter. 671 01:10:47,004 --> 01:10:52,056 A young German woman: Both officers who took our testimony were former German Jews. 672 01:10:52,092 --> 01:10:56,171 One kicked me in the back and the other hit me. The terrible thing was, the German men 673 01:10:57,071 --> 01:11:02,152 had to watch. That was a horrible, horrible experience. That must have been terrible 674 01:11:03,052 --> 01:11:08,088 for them. When I went outside, several of them stood there with tears running down their 675 01:11:08,123 --> 01:11:12,140 cheeks. What could they have done? They could do nothing. 676 01:11:16,028 --> 01:11:19,971 During the Nazi war crimes trial at Nuremburg, almost any method that would 677 01:11:20,006 --> 01:11:26,083 obtain a "confession" was employed. Understandably, after several such sessions even the strongest 678 01:11:27,037 --> 01:11:31,568 submitted and signed papers incriminating themselves and others. In addition to testimony 679 01:11:31,603 --> 01:11:36,099 given under torture, those who might have spoken in defense of the accused were threatened 680 01:11:37,044 --> 01:11:43,050 with torture and death themselves. Moreover, hired "witnesses" were paid by the Americans 681 01:11:44,004 --> 01:11:46,036 to parrot the prosecution�s charges. 682 01:11:49,021 --> 01:11:54,117 Horrific as de-Nazification was in the British, French and, especially, the American Zones, 683 01:11:55,017 --> 01:11:59,560 it was nothing compared to what took place in Poland, behind Soviet lines. In hundreds 684 01:11:59,595 --> 01:12:04,103 of concentration camps sponsored by something called the "Office of State Security," 685 01:12:05,004 --> 01:12:11,550 thousands of Germans - male and female, old and young, high and low, Nazi and non�Nazi - were 686 01:12:11,585 --> 01:12:18,096 rounded up and imprisoned. Staffed and run by Jews, with help from the Poles, Czechs, Russians, 687 01:12:19,069 --> 01:12:24,586 and other former concentration camp inmates, the prisons were little better than vast torture 688 01:12:24,621 --> 01:12:30,103 chambers where dying was a thing to be prolonged, not hastened. While those with blond hair, 689 01:12:31,048 --> 01:12:35,971 blue eyes and handsome features were first to go, anyone who spoke German would do. 690 01:12:36,006 --> 01:12:43,875 For these vengeful camp operators, no torture, no sadism, no depravity, no evil, seemed too 691 01:12:44,469 --> 01:12:49,776 monstrous to inflict on those now in their power. Some Germans were forced to crawl naked 692 01:12:49,811 --> 01:12:55,387 on all fours and eat their own excrement as well as that of others. Many were drowned 693 01:12:55,422 --> 01:13:00,963 in open latrines. Hundreds were herded into buildings and burned to death or sealed in 694 01:13:01,719 --> 01:13:03,735 caskets and buried alive. 695 01:13:06,008 --> 01:13:12,060 Near Lamsdorf, German women were forced to disinter bodies from a Polish burial site, 696 01:13:13,048 --> 01:13:17,132 then kiss and "make love" to the putrid, rotting corpses. 697 01:13:24,002 --> 01:13:29,089 Not surprisingly, the mortality rate at the concentration camps was staggering and of 698 01:13:30,007 --> 01:13:34,014 those rare individuals who did leave with their lives, few could any longer be called 699 01:13:34,077 --> 01:13:36,112 human. 700 01:13:37,012 --> 01:13:42,096 Meanwhile, as the judicial charade was in progress behind prison walls, tortures of 701 01:13:42,098 --> 01:13:47,194 another kind stalked the "liberated" German people as the Allied victors enacted their 702 01:13:48,094 --> 01:13:52,182 plan to divide, loot, and utterly destroy conquered Germany. 703 01:13:53,082 --> 01:13:59,603 In late 1944, the so-called "Morgenthau Plan" was endorsed by President Roosevelt, 704 01:13:59,638 --> 01:14:06,124 making the Jewish prewar demand for German extermination official. Named for Roosevelt�s 705 01:14:07,026 --> 01:14:11,034 Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Morgenthau, but actually conceived by the secretary�s 706 01:14:12,006 --> 01:14:17,553 top aide, Harry Dexter White - both of whom were Jewish - the program called for the complete 707 01:14:17,588 --> 01:14:23,100 destruction of Germany after victory had been won. In addition to the dismantling or destruction 708 01:14:24,000 --> 01:14:28,565 of heavy industry and the permanent closure of mines, the Morgenthau Plan called for a 709 01:14:28,600 --> 01:14:33,130 reduction of the Reich�s land area by one half. As many knew, this act guaranteed that 710 01:14:34,003 --> 01:14:39,523 roughly two thirds of the German population, or fifty million people, would soon die of 711 01:14:39,558 --> 01:14:45,044 starvation. With the remnant of the population reduced to subsistence farming, and with the 712 01:14:45,071 --> 01:14:50,119 shrunken nation totally at the mercy of hostile European neighbors, it was estimated that 713 01:14:51,019 --> 01:14:55,035 within two generations Germany would cease to exist. 714 01:14:56,016 --> 01:15:01,251 When Roosevelt�s successor, Harry Truman, met at Potsdam with Stalin and the new British 715 01:15:01,286 --> 01:15:06,487 prime minister, Clement Attlee, in July 1945, most of the teeth in Morgenthau�s murderous 716 01:15:06,739 --> 01:15:13,396 scheme remained on the table. With the signature of the Big Three, the plan went into effect. 717 01:15:13,431 --> 01:15:20,019 Stalin�s methodical looting in the Russian Occupation Zone became prodigious. Steel mills, 718 01:15:20,054 --> 01:15:27,088 grain mills, lumber mills, sugar and oil refineries, chemical plants, optical works, shoe factories, 719 01:15:27,123 --> 01:15:31,175 and other heavy industries were taken apart down to the last nut and bolt and sent east 720 01:15:32,075 --> 01:15:38,123 to the Soviet Union where they were reassembled. Those factories allowed to remain in Germany 721 01:15:39,023 --> 01:15:44,078 were to operate solely for the benefit of Russia. Electric and steam locomotives, their 722 01:15:44,113 --> 01:15:49,122 rolling stock, and even the tracks they ran on were likewise sent east. 723 01:15:50,022 --> 01:15:55,075 Unlike its primitive Soviet ally, the United States had no need for German plants and factories. 724 01:15:55,110 --> 01:15:59,084 Nevertheless, the Americans were far and away the most zealous at destroying Germany�s 725 01:16:00,065 --> 01:16:01,070 ability to recover. 726 01:16:03,004 --> 01:16:07,982 While the US may have spurned German industry, they had a great interest in the Reich�s 727 01:16:08,017 --> 01:16:12,960 hoard of treasure. Billions of dollars in gold, silver and currency, as well as priceless 728 01:16:13,239 --> 01:16:17,750 paintings, sculptures and other art works were plucked from their hiding places in caves, 729 01:16:17,785 --> 01:16:20,139 tunnels and salt mines and shipped across the Atlantic. 730 01:16:23,001 --> 01:16:28,085 Additionally, and of far greater damage to Germany�s future, was the "mental dismantling" of the Reich. 731 01:16:30,024 --> 01:16:35,062 Tons of secret documents revealing Germany�s tremendous organizational talent in business and 732 01:16:35,097 --> 01:16:37,090 industry were simply stolen. 733 01:16:39,084 --> 01:16:43,088 Hundreds of the greatest scientists in the world were likewise "compelled" 734 01:16:44,024 --> 01:16:45,076 to immigrate by the victors. 735 01:16:46,006 --> 01:16:49,012 One man opposed to the vengeance-minded program was George Patton. 736 01:16:50,021 --> 01:16:55,800 Patton: Evidently the virus started by Morgenthau of a Semitic revenge against 737 01:16:55,989 --> 01:17:01,993 all Germans is still working. I can�t see how Americans can sink so low. 738 01:17:02,076 --> 01:17:07,084 During the first postwar years Germany was little better than a vast concentration camp. 739 01:17:08,002 --> 01:17:12,086 Coinciding with the ruthless Allied program of denazification and "reeducation," was 740 01:17:13,004 --> 01:17:18,072 the American and British policy of non - fraternization, segregating the victors from the vanquished, 741 01:17:18,107 --> 01:17:23,080 in an effort to further degrade and demonize Germans and crush what little pride and respect 742 01:17:29,008 --> 01:17:34,076 One year after war�s end, the former Reich still had urban-dwellers clinging precariously 743 01:17:34,111 --> 01:17:40,123 to their caves and cracks for shelter. In Berlin alone, an estimated 50,000 orphans 744 01:17:41,023 --> 01:17:42,472 struggled to survive. 745 01:17:43,048 --> 01:17:48,144 British witness: Some of them, one-eyed or one-legged veterans of seven or so, many so 746 01:17:49,044 --> 01:17:55,823 deranged by the bombing and the Russian attack that they screamed at the sight of any uniform, 747 01:17:56,219 --> 01:17:57,295 even a Salvation Army one. 748 01:17:58,036 --> 01:18:03,625 While occupation troops dined on five-course meals complete with fried sole, Dutch steak 749 01:18:03,949 --> 01:18:08,980 and ice cream, thousands of starving children felt fortunate if a potato peel or crust of 750 01:18:09,015 --> 01:18:15,047 moldy bread was unearthed. Children who could not live by their wits, died. Those who didn�t 751 01:18:15,048 --> 01:18:19,056 starve or freeze, were crushed by the walls of their caves or torn to shreds by unexploded 752 01:18:20,003 --> 01:18:23,051 bombs which lay scattered across Germany by the ton. 753 01:18:24,036 --> 01:18:30,044 On their own, orphans aged fast, and little girls aged fastest of all. Like their older 754 01:18:31,016 --> 01:18:36,018 sisters, the children soon discovered that selling themselves could stave off starvation. 755 01:18:36,037 --> 01:18:40,109 A dreaded concern - not only for those who were selling themselves, but for the millions 756 01:18:41,009 --> 01:18:46,103 of rape victims - was unwanted pregnancy. Thousands who were in fact pregnant sought 757 01:18:47,003 --> 01:18:52,086 and found abortions. Thousands more lived in dreadful suspense, their lives utterly 758 01:18:52,121 --> 01:18:56,155 shattered in every way imaginable. 759 01:18:56,929 --> 01:19:02,100 At length, Allied soldiers, reporters, and others began to recoil at the ruthless reign 760 01:19:02,135 --> 01:19:04,004 of terror transpiring in Germany. 761 01:19:04,072 --> 01:19:08,080 Historian Ralph Keeling: While the Germans around them starve, wear rags, and 762 01:19:09,053 --> 01:19:16,057 live in hovels, the American aristocrats live in often unaccustomed ease and luxury. 763 01:19:17,056 --> 01:19:24,092 They live in the finest houses from which they drove the Germans; they swagger about in fine liveries 764 01:19:24,094 --> 01:19:31,059 and gorge themselves on diets three times as great as they allow the Germans. 765 01:19:31,094 --> 01:19:38,097 When we tell the Germans their low rations are necessary because food is so short, they naturally 766 01:19:39,024 --> 01:19:45,119 either think we are lying to them or regard us as inhuman for taking the lion�s share 767 01:19:46,019 --> 01:19:51,043 of the short supplies while they and their children starve. 768 01:19:51,044 --> 01:19:56,092 Even as the chorus of critics over the sadistic treatment of Germany grew, a nightmare of 769 01:19:56,127 --> 01:20:00,119 almost unbelievable proportions was developing behind the Iron Curtain. 770 01:20:03,008 --> 01:20:06,072 ETHNIC CLEANSING 771 01:20:10,016 --> 01:20:20,048 Winston Churchill: Never mind the five or more million Germans. Stalin will see to them. 772 01:20:21,036 --> 01:20:25,088 With a wave of the hand and a puff of his cigar the British Prime Minister 773 01:20:25,123 --> 01:20:29,135 thus condoned one of the greatest massacres in human history. 774 01:20:30,035 --> 01:20:35,471 With an understanding reached at Yalta, then signed into law at Potsdam, the Soviet Union 775 01:20:35,506 --> 01:20:40,907 swallowed vast chunks of German and Polish territory in the east. In return, Poland itself 776 01:20:41,699 --> 01:20:47,550 devoured large tracts of the former Reich in the west, including much of Prussia, Pomerania 777 01:20:47,585 --> 01:20:51,079 and the extremely rich, industrialized province of Silesia. 778 01:20:53,064 --> 01:20:58,076 Despite solemn reassurances by the Allied leaders that the mass expulsions would be 779 01:20:58,077 --> 01:21:03,579 carried out in an "orderly and humane" manner, shattering glass and splintering doors 780 01:21:03,614 --> 01:21:09,082 were usually the first sounds a victim heard, soon followed by angry shouts to clear the 781 01:21:09,117 --> 01:21:13,061 home in thirty, ten, even five minutes. 782 01:21:13,096 --> 01:21:18,123 Thus, by tens and twenties, by hundreds and thousands, homeless Germans now began trudging 783 01:21:19,023 --> 01:21:24,121 west with no clear goal in mind. Except for those able-bodied individuals held as slaves 784 01:21:25,021 --> 01:21:30,102 and young girls retained for sex, roughly eleven million trekkers took to the roads. 785 01:21:31,002 --> 01:21:34,021 Thus began the greatest death march in history. 786 01:21:35,036 --> 01:21:42,036 A witness: As they left town in an endless procession, Polish soldiers fell upon them, 787 01:21:42,037 --> 01:21:48,119 beating and flogging them in a blind rage. Robbed of all they possessed and literally 788 01:21:49,019 --> 01:21:55,036 stripped of the last of their belongings, these poor creatures trudged along in 789 01:21:55,071 --> 01:22:02,115 the wind and the rain, with no roof or shelter over their heads, not knowing where they would 790 01:22:03,016 --> 01:22:04,088 find a new abode. 791 01:22:05,072 --> 01:22:10,551 Of the roughly eleven million victims hurled from their homes in eastern Germany, an estimated 792 01:22:11,199 --> 01:22:18,215 two million, mostly women and children, perished. Equally as horrifying, though less well known, 793 01:22:18,250 --> 01:22:23,130 were the nearly one million Germans who died during similar expulsions in Czechoslovakia, 794 01:22:24,003 --> 01:22:30,055 Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia. Additionally, an estimated four million more 795 01:22:30,082 --> 01:22:34,179 ethnic Germans were sent east to the Soviet Union where the odds of surviving as slaves 796 01:22:35,079 --> 01:22:37,103 were worse than as refugees. 797 01:22:40,068 --> 01:22:46,103 Austin J. App: To slice three or four ancient provinces from a country, then loot and plunder 798 01:22:47,003 --> 01:22:54,055 nine million people of their houses, farms, cattle, furniture, and even clothing, and then 799 01:22:54,056 --> 01:22:59,151 expel them "from the land they have inhabited for 700 years" with no distinction 800 01:23:00,051 --> 01:23:05,971 between the innocent and the guilty, to drive them like unwanted beasts on foot 801 01:23:06,006 --> 01:23:14,098 to far-off provinces, unprotected, shelterless, and starving is an atrocity so vast that history 802 01:23:15,053 --> 01:23:17,492 records none vaster. 803 01:23:18,008 --> 01:23:22,096 While Western leaders such as Winston Churchill later feigned surprise at the tragedy they 804 01:23:23,069 --> 01:23:27,103 had wrought in eastern Germany, little was said about the deliberate starvation of the 805 01:23:28,003 --> 01:23:34,004 rest of the Reich, and utter silence prevailed concerning the Allied torture chambers in 806 01:23:34,013 --> 01:23:39,524 Germany, the on-the-spot massacre of Nazi Party members and SS troops, the death camps 807 01:23:39,559 --> 01:23:45,362 run by Eisenhower, or the hellish Jewish torture pens in Poland. Taken as a whole, it is a 808 01:23:45,397 --> 01:23:51,165 certainty that far more Germans died during the first two years of "peace" than died 809 01:23:51,489 --> 01:23:54,501 during the previous six years of war. 810 01:23:57,032 --> 01:24:00,128 CONCLUSION 811 01:24:03,032 --> 01:24:09,052 Goodrich: World War Two was the world's worst war. World War Two was the world's worst war 812 01:24:09,087 --> 01:24:14,610 because of the evil that was unleashed on millions of helpless men, women and children; 813 01:24:14,645 --> 01:24:20,134 the Allied war waged against Germany, both during and after the war, were evils so vicious 814 01:24:21,035 --> 01:24:26,116 and so depraved that truly, words have not yet been invented to describe them. 815 01:24:27,016 --> 01:24:32,088 While one might estimate the incredible loss of life during and after World War II, 816 01:24:32,889 --> 01:24:37,830 it s almost impossible to calculate the physical and psychological suffering caused by the 817 01:24:37,865 --> 01:24:41,107 rape, torture and degradation of the German nation. 818 01:24:42,008 --> 01:24:49,056 Unlike their victims, the victors faced no post-war prison camps, no slavery, no torture, 819 01:24:50,028 --> 01:24:56,034 no starvation, no rapes, no trials for their numerous war crimes, and no vilification campaign 820 01:24:56,088 --> 01:25:03,053 that persists to this very day. Quite the opposite. For the victors, American generals 821 01:25:03,088 --> 01:25:09,164 became American presidents, British prime ministers became British Knights, Allied soldiers 822 01:25:10,065 --> 01:25:14,163 became the "Greatest Generation," and the winning side claimed complete and utter 823 01:25:15,063 --> 01:25:23,061 control over the history of World War Two. Not surprisingly, in the winner's expert hands 824 01:25:23,096 --> 01:25:29,100 the evil crime that was World War Two was quickly transformed into the "Crusade in Europe," the "War to 825 01:25:30,036 --> 01:25:37,112 End Evil," and the "Good War." Year after year, decade after decade, a mountain of movies, 826 01:25:38,012 --> 01:25:43,094 tv shows, articles, and books are released with the sole intent of heaping crime and 827 01:25:43,949 --> 01:25:48,991 guilt on the heads of the victims. At the same time the victors have elevated themselves 828 01:25:49,026 --> 01:25:55,104 to paragons of virtue by hiding the very real crimes they committed both during and after the war. 829 01:25:56,004 --> 01:26:01,059 Anyone who can say that the actions of the Allies were justified hopefully has never 830 01:26:01,094 --> 01:26:06,114 witnessed a screaming child running like a living torch through a flaming street, 831 01:26:07,014 --> 01:26:12,112 never watched as a man drank his own urine to stay alive even as a river ran just beyond his 832 01:26:13,013 --> 01:26:19,050 prison fence, never heard the animal shrieks of the tortured as their genitals are mutilated 833 01:26:19,085 --> 01:26:24,061 or the groans of a bleeding woman begging for a bullet while the line awaiting its turn 834 01:26:25,006 --> 01:26:30,073 grows longer - hopefully these people have never seen such things, for only then can 835 01:26:30,108 --> 01:26:34,082 one understand how they might parrot over and over again the standard refrain, 836 01:26:35,063 --> 01:26:39,072 "they got exactly what they deserved".. and never lose a moment�s sleep. 837 01:26:41,024 --> 01:26:47,060 Still, if there is one central truth that was born of World War Two it is that clearly, 838 01:26:47,061 --> 01:26:52,130 there is no such thing as a "Good War." Those who say differently are either those 839 01:26:52,679 --> 01:26:57,550 who profit politically or financially from war, or those who have never witnessed war 840 01:26:57,585 --> 01:27:00,062 up close, in all its horror. 100538

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