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1
00:00:01,841 --> 00:00:04,210
[rattling]
2
00:00:06,781 --> 00:00:08,808
[tense sting]
3
00:00:13,083 --> 00:00:15,085
[wind whistling]
4
00:00:15,220 --> 00:00:17,520
[serene inspirational music]
5
00:00:35,144 --> 00:00:37,078
[narrator] The top of Texas.
6
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Guadalupe Peak.
7
00:00:43,352 --> 00:00:46,247
It stands above a proud
and diverse state.
8
00:00:47,417 --> 00:00:51,488
Where the Rocky Mountains and
harsh desert of the American West
9
00:00:51,857 --> 00:00:55,294
converge with the vastness
of the Great Plains.
10
00:00:55,863 --> 00:00:58,462
[thunder rumbling]
11
00:01:15,617 --> 00:01:18,782
To where the forests and
swamps of the Deep South
12
00:01:18,917 --> 00:01:22,754
give way to the Blackland
Prairies and Post Oak Savannas.
13
00:01:22,889 --> 00:01:25,192
[birds chirping]
14
00:01:31,326 --> 00:01:34,527
From the spring-fed rivers
that bless the Hill Country...
15
00:01:35,230 --> 00:01:38,502
to the tropical brush of
the Rio Grande Valley.
16
00:01:40,301 --> 00:01:44,173
Texas gives life to animals
found nowhere else...
17
00:01:45,109 --> 00:01:48,380
and attracts migrations
from across the hemisphere.
18
00:01:52,581 --> 00:01:54,786
[wings cutting the air]
19
00:01:54,922 --> 00:01:57,323
[birds squawking]
20
00:02:20,208 --> 00:02:23,514
More headwater springs
to the Gulf of Mexico.
21
00:02:24,415 --> 00:02:27,188
It is a land sculpted by water.
22
00:02:27,690 --> 00:02:29,820
[rattling]
23
00:02:29,956 --> 00:02:33,219
Where nature has selected
for the most adaptable...
24
00:02:34,189 --> 00:02:37,330
and to those willing
to stake their claim.
25
00:02:54,646 --> 00:02:56,943
[serene inspirational
music continues]
26
00:03:02,053 --> 00:03:06,227
This film celebrates the
natural wonders of Texas.
27
00:03:08,058 --> 00:03:11,259
It is a story about
tragedies in our past...
28
00:03:11,862 --> 00:03:14,396
of recoveries
against all odds...
29
00:03:15,066 --> 00:03:18,170
and is a call to action
to conserve the wildlife
30
00:03:18,305 --> 00:03:21,341
and wild places in our home.
31
00:03:25,546 --> 00:03:29,679
This is a story for
all who love Texas.
32
00:03:36,792 --> 00:03:38,886
[wind whistling]
33
00:03:50,838 --> 00:03:54,168
The history of our relationship
with wildlife in Texas...
34
00:03:55,305 --> 00:03:58,642
is best told on the High
Plains of the Panhandle.
35
00:04:20,631 --> 00:04:26,307
For millennia, herds of Bison
roamed across Texas by the millions.
36
00:04:28,809 --> 00:04:31,742
Their grazing patterns
shaped our landscapes,
37
00:04:32,278 --> 00:04:36,075
and their meat and hides nourished
the people who lived here.
38
00:04:46,357 --> 00:04:47,990
[bison grunts]
39
00:04:48,125 --> 00:04:52,058
They survived ice ages
and mass extinctions.
40
00:04:55,468 --> 00:04:57,602
But their ability to thrive...
41
00:04:58,672 --> 00:05:02,040
was no match for
westward expansion.
42
00:05:02,176 --> 00:05:04,477
[melancholic music]
43
00:05:12,716 --> 00:05:14,513
Only three lifetimes ago,
44
00:05:14,649 --> 00:05:18,788
30 million bison roamed the
Great Plains of North America.
45
00:05:21,262 --> 00:05:23,562
So many, they seemed limitless.
46
00:05:27,866 --> 00:05:30,136
They attracted
market hunters West
47
00:05:30,271 --> 00:05:33,770
where an experienced buffalo hunter
could often kill hundreds a day.
48
00:05:36,370 --> 00:05:39,376
Their hides and tongues
were sold to markets
49
00:05:39,511 --> 00:05:41,547
along the East Coast and Europe.
50
00:05:43,119 --> 00:05:44,980
The meat was left to rot
51
00:05:45,116 --> 00:05:48,521
or was laced with poison
to kill off predators.
52
00:05:53,024 --> 00:05:55,559
Efforts to slow the
killing were ignored...
53
00:05:56,762 --> 00:06:00,865
for the great Slaughter destroyed the
food source of Native Americans...
54
00:06:01,768 --> 00:06:04,064
forcing many under reservations.
55
00:06:07,876 --> 00:06:10,939
Commercial market hunting
wasn't limited to bison.
56
00:06:12,142 --> 00:06:14,109
Most abundant bird
in North America,
57
00:06:14,244 --> 00:06:17,550
passenger pigeon, was
hunted to extinction.
58
00:06:19,115 --> 00:06:22,822
Wild sheep, pronghorn,
deer, and elk
59
00:06:22,957 --> 00:06:25,855
were killed from all but
the most remote locations.
60
00:06:27,929 --> 00:06:31,630
Waterfowl and shorebirds
were shot by the millions.
61
00:06:33,363 --> 00:06:37,999
Jaguars, grizzlies, and
wolves were killed from Texas.
62
00:06:42,573 --> 00:06:44,370
By the late 1800s,
63
00:06:45,039 --> 00:06:47,712
our wildlife was decimated.
64
00:07:05,230 --> 00:07:09,331
Legend has it that Texas
rancher Molly Goodnight heard
65
00:07:09,466 --> 00:07:13,672
the last bison calves crying out
for their slaughtered mothers.
66
00:07:15,838 --> 00:07:17,973
Of the five million in Texas...
67
00:07:18,676 --> 00:07:20,943
only five remained.
68
00:07:23,812 --> 00:07:26,113
[gentle lively music]
69
00:07:27,414 --> 00:07:31,151
She saved them and
their numbers grew.
70
00:07:34,896 --> 00:07:38,424
They lived in Palo Duro
Canyon until the 1990s
71
00:07:38,560 --> 00:07:41,327
when they were given to
Texas Parks and Wildlife
72
00:07:41,462 --> 00:07:43,999
and moved to Caprock
Canyon State Park.
73
00:07:48,872 --> 00:07:51,710
These are their descendants.
74
00:07:53,213 --> 00:07:57,617
The survivors of the great
Southern Plains bison herd.
75
00:07:59,285 --> 00:08:00,587
[bison grunting]
76
00:08:05,427 --> 00:08:08,155
The herd is over 300 strong.
77
00:08:08,891 --> 00:08:11,730
And this is the future.
78
00:08:16,599 --> 00:08:18,902
[birds chirping]
79
00:08:26,243 --> 00:08:29,209
Learning to be a
bison is hard work.
80
00:08:30,852 --> 00:08:34,148
Especially when you
have to walk on day one.
81
00:08:40,391 --> 00:08:43,429
These wobbly legs will
need to be strengthened.
82
00:08:43,965 --> 00:08:46,992
And it's a good thing
mom's here to help.
83
00:08:47,127 --> 00:08:49,229
[inspirational lively music]
84
00:08:51,466 --> 00:08:54,036
They have an entire
prairie to explore.
85
00:08:54,904 --> 00:08:56,643
And neighbors to meet.
86
00:09:10,687 --> 00:09:13,819
Like all communities, there's
always that one neighbor...
87
00:09:14,822 --> 00:09:18,192
coming out of their hole with
their feathers all ruffled.
88
00:09:28,670 --> 00:09:31,577
There's a diversity of
creatures on these plains.
89
00:09:32,080 --> 00:09:34,274
And this calf needs to
learn how to run in order
90
00:09:34,409 --> 00:09:36,375
to keep up with
the herd one day.
91
00:09:38,014 --> 00:09:39,884
Which will take some practice.
92
00:09:54,863 --> 00:09:57,165
[owl chirping]
93
00:10:07,876 --> 00:10:12,246
Maybe a little teamwork will
help improve the coordination.
94
00:10:24,431 --> 00:10:25,864
[owl chirping]
95
00:10:28,431 --> 00:10:30,868
These calves may only
be a few weeks old...
96
00:10:31,571 --> 00:10:35,407
but the blood of Texas survivors
flows through their veins.
97
00:10:35,542 --> 00:10:37,843
[inspirational music]
98
00:10:39,844 --> 00:10:42,881
They were born to run.
99
00:11:19,749 --> 00:11:23,857
These bison won't roam the same
prairies as their ancestors.
100
00:11:24,593 --> 00:11:27,255
But there is room to expand.
101
00:11:54,949 --> 00:11:56,383
[bison grunting]
102
00:11:57,926 --> 00:11:59,855
There are public
lands across Texas
103
00:11:59,990 --> 00:12:02,221
that can be restored with bison.
104
00:12:02,791 --> 00:12:05,964
Many ranches have already
answered their call.
105
00:12:09,467 --> 00:12:12,531
Bison herds are expanding
across the state.
106
00:12:13,608 --> 00:12:15,072
And they aren't alone.
107
00:12:21,216 --> 00:12:24,142
Following the Great Slaughter
of the late 1800s...
108
00:12:24,845 --> 00:12:28,514
a series of laws were passed
to recover our wildlife.
109
00:12:30,554 --> 00:12:33,223
Commercial market
hunting was put to an end
110
00:12:33,358 --> 00:12:35,858
and conservation-minded
sportsmen advocated
111
00:12:35,993 --> 00:12:37,996
for hunting limits and seasons.
112
00:12:40,028 --> 00:12:44,833
The creation of forest, parks,
and refuges provided habitat.
113
00:12:45,736 --> 00:12:49,403
And international agreements
protected migratory birds.
114
00:12:52,179 --> 00:12:54,547
The combined efforts
to restore some animals
115
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have been remarkably successful.
116
00:12:58,020 --> 00:13:00,684
And many species that
were killed out of an area
117
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have been reintroduced.
118
00:13:02,853 --> 00:13:05,453
[distant calling]
119
00:13:05,588 --> 00:13:10,028
In Texas today, elk
bugle from mountaintops.
120
00:13:11,128 --> 00:13:13,225
Pronghorn grace the prairie.
121
00:13:13,894 --> 00:13:17,838
And desert bighorn have returned
to their mountain homes.
122
00:13:21,771 --> 00:13:25,575
These recoveries are largely due
to people who have dedicated...
123
00:13:26,678 --> 00:13:31,478
and some who have given their
lives to restore our wildlife.
124
00:13:36,391 --> 00:13:38,485
[birds chirping]
125
00:13:40,921 --> 00:13:45,096
But there is one specie that
reign supreme on recovery.
126
00:13:56,304 --> 00:13:58,208
The white-tailed deer.
127
00:14:03,884 --> 00:14:05,549
At the end of each winter,
128
00:14:05,684 --> 00:14:09,186
the buck shed their antlers
and begin to grow a new set.
129
00:14:12,991 --> 00:14:14,554
During the velvet stage,
130
00:14:14,689 --> 00:14:17,161
antlers can grow a
quarter inch a day
131
00:14:17,297 --> 00:14:19,431
and under good
rangeland conditions,
132
00:14:19,567 --> 00:14:23,167
the bucks put extra resources
into their antlers' growth.
133
00:14:26,007 --> 00:14:29,338
[suspenseful
inspirational music]
134
00:14:32,781 --> 00:14:34,776
As summer fades into fall,
135
00:14:34,911 --> 00:14:39,150
their testosterone increases
and they rub the velvet off.
136
00:14:41,350 --> 00:14:43,550
Revealing a fresh new set...
137
00:14:44,889 --> 00:14:46,190
of weapons.
138
00:14:55,998 --> 00:15:00,900
The rut, the breeding season,
lasts for only a month...
139
00:15:01,869 --> 00:15:05,044
which they have spent
all year preparing for.
140
00:15:13,147 --> 00:15:15,450
[clattering]
141
00:15:37,542 --> 00:15:39,573
Most fights are settled
within seconds...
142
00:15:41,010 --> 00:15:43,709
for the risk of injury is
high and the larger buck
143
00:15:43,844 --> 00:15:46,613
typically exerts his
dominance quickly.
144
00:15:50,055 --> 00:15:52,355
[footsteps approaching]
145
00:15:56,297 --> 00:15:58,592
But when opponents
are evenly matched...
146
00:15:59,931 --> 00:16:01,098
a showdown...
147
00:16:01,634 --> 00:16:05,533
for breeding rights and
territory is inevitable.
148
00:16:42,310 --> 00:16:45,441
Each doe is in heat
for only 24 hours.
149
00:16:46,845 --> 00:16:50,778
The buck's bloodlines and
territories are at stake.
150
00:16:51,214 --> 00:16:53,217
[clattering continues]
151
00:16:53,353 --> 00:16:55,649
[suspenseful inspirational
music continues]
152
00:17:54,208 --> 00:17:56,512
[panting]
153
00:18:01,954 --> 00:18:03,752
[insects chirping]
154
00:18:03,887 --> 00:18:07,523
These incredible dramas should
not be taken for granted.
155
00:18:11,264 --> 00:18:16,335
A century ago, white-tailed deer had
been killed from most of the state
156
00:18:16,470 --> 00:18:18,897
and only survived
in isolated pockets.
157
00:18:24,741 --> 00:18:27,740
Today, largely
due to regulations
158
00:18:27,876 --> 00:18:30,048
and conservation-minded
sportsmen,
159
00:18:30,183 --> 00:18:32,284
there are over five million.
160
00:18:39,252 --> 00:18:42,558
Other species have not
shared the same fate.
161
00:18:49,869 --> 00:18:54,200
In a very few special parts of
the South Texas brush country...
162
00:18:54,336 --> 00:18:57,343
[gentle music]
163
00:18:57,478 --> 00:19:00,543
lives a creature once
thought to be lost.
164
00:19:10,658 --> 00:19:15,320
An animal so rare, it has
become nearly mythical.
165
00:19:15,456 --> 00:19:17,758
[owl hooting]
166
00:19:39,150 --> 00:19:40,451
An ocelot.
167
00:19:53,733 --> 00:19:57,666
Fewer than 80 are known to
exist in the entire country.
168
00:20:07,175 --> 00:20:10,048
Ocelots were once found
across much of Texas
169
00:20:10,183 --> 00:20:12,114
and into Louisiana and Arkansas.
170
00:20:12,250 --> 00:20:13,913
[melancholic music]
171
00:20:14,049 --> 00:20:16,388
Much of their habitat
has been lost.
172
00:20:16,524 --> 00:20:18,216
Then they were
historically trapped,
173
00:20:18,351 --> 00:20:22,592
hunted and poisoned by
government predator programs.
174
00:20:26,260 --> 00:20:29,766
Today they exist in only
two small populations,
175
00:20:29,902 --> 00:20:32,965
where they are genetically
isolated and inbred.
176
00:20:34,637 --> 00:20:37,037
A catastrophic fire, hurricane
177
00:20:37,172 --> 00:20:40,139
or disease could wipe
them from the country.
178
00:20:41,576 --> 00:20:45,381
Much is unknown, for many
landowners have not allowed research
179
00:20:45,517 --> 00:20:49,653
on their property because they are
concerned that the Endangered Species Act
180
00:20:49,788 --> 00:20:52,457
would impact their
ranching operations.
181
00:20:54,591 --> 00:20:57,660
Texas is 95% privately owned,
182
00:20:57,795 --> 00:20:59,598
and recovering
endangered species
183
00:20:59,734 --> 00:21:02,328
is very difficult without
landowners support.
184
00:21:02,464 --> 00:21:04,465
[cows mooing]
185
00:21:04,600 --> 00:21:07,033
[inspirational gentle music]
186
00:21:08,870 --> 00:21:13,071
A growing number of landowners have
embraced ocelot research and recovery.
187
00:21:14,208 --> 00:21:15,878
They take great
pride in conserving
188
00:21:16,013 --> 00:21:19,719
both a ranching legacy
and a wildlife legacy.
189
00:21:19,854 --> 00:21:21,948
[birds chirping]
190
00:21:32,292 --> 00:21:34,833
Inside one of these
cattle ranches...
191
00:21:35,536 --> 00:21:37,432
new camera technology
is revealing
192
00:21:37,567 --> 00:21:39,834
the secretive lives of ocelot...
193
00:21:42,370 --> 00:21:45,609
and has given us a glimpse
at the next generation.
194
00:22:02,629 --> 00:22:04,661
These precious
kittens have no idea
195
00:22:04,796 --> 00:22:07,367
how crucial they
are for the species.
196
00:22:14,269 --> 00:22:17,377
Their survival depends
on mom's ability...
197
00:22:18,045 --> 00:22:19,045
to hunt.
198
00:22:30,823 --> 00:22:34,020
She has hidden her
kittens to hunt alone.
199
00:22:37,229 --> 00:22:38,563
[bird calling]
200
00:22:41,902 --> 00:22:46,736
A green jay warning others
there's a predator on the prowl.
201
00:23:09,096 --> 00:23:10,463
An armadillo.
202
00:23:11,230 --> 00:23:13,532
[leaves rustling]
203
00:23:49,102 --> 00:23:51,196
[birds chirping]
204
00:23:57,408 --> 00:23:59,776
[bird calling]
205
00:24:09,551 --> 00:24:10,721
Busted.
206
00:24:12,558 --> 00:24:14,252
She'll have to keep hunting.
207
00:24:16,528 --> 00:24:18,196
But she's not the only predator.
208
00:24:18,331 --> 00:24:20,632
[light suspenseful music]
209
00:24:32,077 --> 00:24:34,712
The brush can be a
dangerous place for kittens
210
00:24:34,847 --> 00:24:36,879
without their
mother's protection.
211
00:24:57,170 --> 00:24:58,263
Success.
212
00:24:58,999 --> 00:25:00,672
Back to the kittens.
213
00:25:13,451 --> 00:25:15,115
[kitten groaning]
214
00:25:39,747 --> 00:25:42,945
The worst sound a
mother can hear.
215
00:25:48,719 --> 00:25:50,249
[kitten continues to groan]
216
00:26:10,573 --> 00:26:11,875
Silence.
217
00:26:30,091 --> 00:26:31,792
[distant howling and barking]
218
00:26:31,927 --> 00:26:33,165
[kitten continues to groan]
219
00:26:33,300 --> 00:26:35,393
[insects chirping]
220
00:26:50,350 --> 00:26:51,409
[scary hissing]
221
00:26:54,222 --> 00:26:56,315
[owl hooting]
222
00:26:58,225 --> 00:27:00,154
[kitten meowing]
223
00:27:49,602 --> 00:27:51,975
She has found one
of her kittens.
224
00:27:54,443 --> 00:27:58,718
Sadly... the other
was never seen again.
225
00:28:01,718 --> 00:28:04,354
[bird singing]
226
00:28:04,490 --> 00:28:07,221
[gentle music]
227
00:28:13,299 --> 00:28:17,132
She will now put her full effort
into raising the survivor.
228
00:28:49,634 --> 00:28:52,937
Her kitten needs to learn how
to hunt on her own one day...
229
00:28:54,136 --> 00:28:55,940
which will take practice.
230
00:28:56,875 --> 00:28:59,174
And a little hide-and-seek.
231
00:29:35,812 --> 00:29:37,146
[bird calling]
232
00:29:40,050 --> 00:29:43,716
Hopefully, this kitten will
establish her own territory one day
233
00:29:43,851 --> 00:29:47,420
and play a part in the
greater recovery of ocelots.
234
00:29:52,463 --> 00:29:55,199
Scientists, landowners,
and many organizations
235
00:29:55,335 --> 00:29:58,035
are working together to
introduce new genetics,
236
00:29:58,170 --> 00:30:00,840
restore habitats and
will hopefully start
237
00:30:00,975 --> 00:30:03,909
new populations in
their historic range.
238
00:30:08,746 --> 00:30:11,048
[insects chirping]
239
00:30:17,017 --> 00:30:21,289
Like many wildlife species,
their future can be bright.
240
00:30:22,256 --> 00:30:24,094
But they need our help.
241
00:30:31,197 --> 00:30:33,499
[wind howling]
242
00:30:39,040 --> 00:30:41,342
[thunder clapping]
243
00:30:43,242 --> 00:30:45,544
[thunder rumbling]
244
00:30:53,053 --> 00:30:54,488
[rain pattering]
245
00:30:54,624 --> 00:30:58,491
Water... rarely comes
peacefully to Texas.
246
00:31:07,903 --> 00:31:09,438
[whooshing]
247
00:31:09,574 --> 00:31:12,473
Cold fronts from the north
can collide violently
248
00:31:12,609 --> 00:31:15,508
with warm air and
moisture from the Gulf.
249
00:31:17,983 --> 00:31:22,212
Tropical jet streams from the west
bring thunderstorms each summer.
250
00:31:22,348 --> 00:31:24,254
[thunders rumbling]
251
00:31:24,389 --> 00:31:26,421
While El Niรฑo and
other weather systems
252
00:31:26,556 --> 00:31:29,060
bring uncertainty
from year to year...
253
00:31:29,793 --> 00:31:31,889
[wind whistling]
254
00:31:32,992 --> 00:31:36,100
blue northers blanket
the state in winter...
255
00:31:37,568 --> 00:31:40,769
while summer highs
soar over 100 degrees.
256
00:31:40,904 --> 00:31:43,874
[insects chirping]
257
00:31:44,543 --> 00:31:47,606
Droughts are a cyclical
part of our weather system.
258
00:31:48,780 --> 00:31:49,943
As are floods.
259
00:31:50,078 --> 00:31:52,380
[water rushing]
260
00:31:58,489 --> 00:32:01,158
Nearly all of our
rivers are born here,
261
00:32:01,293 --> 00:32:03,996
and they journey to
the Gulf of Mexico.
262
00:32:05,793 --> 00:32:08,600
But much of the rainfall
seeps into the earth...
263
00:32:09,403 --> 00:32:13,302
into vast aquifers that
cover 80% of the state.
264
00:32:19,074 --> 00:32:21,376
[thunder rumbling]
265
00:32:23,812 --> 00:32:26,410
In the poorest limestone
of the Hill Country...
266
00:32:27,080 --> 00:32:30,917
the Edwards Plateau soaks
up moisture like a sponge.
267
00:32:31,052 --> 00:32:32,490
[rain pattering]
268
00:32:32,625 --> 00:32:34,521
[water dripping]
269
00:32:55,512 --> 00:32:58,383
Below the surface,
water and time
270
00:32:58,518 --> 00:33:03,220
have sculpted a landscape as
magnificent as the one above.
271
00:33:07,056 --> 00:33:09,358
[water rushing]
272
00:33:16,100 --> 00:33:18,503
This karst ecosystem is so vast
273
00:33:18,638 --> 00:33:21,603
and receives enough nutrients
from the outside world...
274
00:33:22,672 --> 00:33:27,112
that life has evolved
in the absence of light.
275
00:33:32,311 --> 00:33:34,614
[ethereal music]
276
00:33:45,927 --> 00:33:48,828
Inside this constant
temperature climate...
277
00:33:50,098 --> 00:33:53,669
nature has selected for
animals who conserve energy...
278
00:33:54,806 --> 00:33:58,242
and who lose traits that
are no longer necessary.
279
00:34:03,780 --> 00:34:07,416
This is an endangered
Texas blind salamander.
280
00:34:10,520 --> 00:34:15,160
They hunt the darkness by sensing small
disturbances in the water pressure.
281
00:34:16,158 --> 00:34:18,493
[water rushing]
282
00:34:18,628 --> 00:34:20,662
They breathe
through their gills,
283
00:34:20,797 --> 00:34:24,532
which change in size, depending
on the available oxygen.
284
00:34:32,077 --> 00:34:34,041
In this world below our feet...
285
00:34:34,944 --> 00:34:39,481
familiar creatures have
become nearly alien.
286
00:34:53,833 --> 00:34:55,398
A blind catfish.
287
00:34:59,973 --> 00:35:01,869
There are three species in Texas
288
00:35:02,004 --> 00:35:06,178
and they have been found
2,000 feet below the surface.
289
00:35:16,385 --> 00:35:18,553
They are the size of your palm.
290
00:35:19,289 --> 00:35:21,491
And their metabolism is so slow,
291
00:35:21,626 --> 00:35:25,197
they can survive four
years between meals.
292
00:35:32,501 --> 00:35:34,236
We know little about them.
293
00:35:34,772 --> 00:35:38,639
Yet their habitat is the
foundation for our fresh water.
294
00:35:47,120 --> 00:35:48,712
When the aquifers are full,
295
00:35:49,148 --> 00:35:52,521
water bubbles to the
surface through springs.
296
00:35:54,959 --> 00:35:56,960
[water bubbling]
297
00:35:57,096 --> 00:35:59,396
[ethereal music continues]
298
00:36:15,508 --> 00:36:17,810
[water rushing]
299
00:36:24,922 --> 00:36:28,854
As springs combined
together, they create creeks.
300
00:36:35,362 --> 00:36:37,665
[birds chirping]
301
00:36:48,882 --> 00:36:53,615
As the creeks converge, they
form our Hill Country rivers.
302
00:37:05,799 --> 00:37:07,893
[water bubbling]
303
00:37:16,305 --> 00:37:17,501
It's water.
304
00:37:17,636 --> 00:37:19,542
From stone.
305
00:37:36,463 --> 00:37:38,760
In a select few
rivers and creeks,
306
00:37:38,895 --> 00:37:41,830
the state fish of
Texas hunts the rapids.
307
00:37:42,199 --> 00:37:44,501
[insects chirping]
308
00:37:54,046 --> 00:37:56,612
[tense sting]
309
00:37:59,284 --> 00:38:01,716
The Guadalupe bass.
310
00:38:06,486 --> 00:38:10,421
Each spring, the males begin
preparations to attract a mate.
311
00:38:10,557 --> 00:38:12,826
[comic music]
312
00:38:14,330 --> 00:38:18,535
Step one is finding a suitable
location for a spawning bed.
313
00:38:22,568 --> 00:38:26,576
A gravel floor with surrounding
protective structure is ideal.
314
00:38:30,876 --> 00:38:32,683
He must choose wisely,
315
00:38:32,818 --> 00:38:35,684
or he won't leave the
bed for over a month.
316
00:38:39,421 --> 00:38:41,657
"Ah, perfect."
317
00:38:45,127 --> 00:38:47,931
The second step is to
clean the gravel floor.
318
00:38:48,366 --> 00:38:51,002
A difficult task with only fins,
319
00:38:51,138 --> 00:38:52,429
but a necessary one.
320
00:38:53,466 --> 00:38:56,837
Females don't find dirt
on the bed attractive.
321
00:39:03,214 --> 00:39:04,214
It's tidy.
322
00:39:04,881 --> 00:39:07,111
But is it enough
to impress a mate?
323
00:39:11,756 --> 00:39:13,451
The females are
searching for males
324
00:39:13,586 --> 00:39:17,088
that will give their eggs
the best chance of survival.
325
00:39:18,423 --> 00:39:21,928
They will be judged on
their spawning beds.
326
00:39:25,000 --> 00:39:28,506
"Gross! Hey, don't
mess with Texas.
327
00:39:31,737 --> 00:39:33,511
Getting better.
328
00:39:35,743 --> 00:39:38,747
Yuck! Hey, this ain't Oklahoma.
329
00:39:41,683 --> 00:39:43,554
Now we're talking."
330
00:39:47,558 --> 00:39:49,727
With up to 10,000 eggs to lay,
331
00:39:49,863 --> 00:39:53,190
finding the right partner
is worth searching for.
332
00:39:57,498 --> 00:40:02,467
Sometimes they've been
preparing a bed just for you.
333
00:40:02,603 --> 00:40:04,905
[gentle music]
334
00:40:32,204 --> 00:40:35,738
During this courtship dance,
the female releases her eggs,
335
00:40:35,873 --> 00:40:38,037
which are fertilized
by the male.
336
00:40:56,588 --> 00:41:01,192
Exhausted, she has spent all
her energy on reproduction.
337
00:41:03,502 --> 00:41:06,263
But dad duty has just begun.
338
00:41:08,139 --> 00:41:11,939
For a week straight, he
aerates the eggs with his fins
339
00:41:12,475 --> 00:41:13,974
until one day...
340
00:41:22,854 --> 00:41:25,556
These baby bass
have many predators.
341
00:41:26,092 --> 00:41:29,286
And he will continue to protect
them for the next few weeks.
342
00:41:34,460 --> 00:41:38,066
Eventually, their
responsibility passes on to us.
343
00:41:39,703 --> 00:41:44,708
To ensure that our rivers stay
healthy and the springs always flow.
344
00:41:47,209 --> 00:41:49,641
Which is becoming
increasingly difficult.
345
00:41:49,776 --> 00:41:52,078
[insects chirping]
346
00:41:55,752 --> 00:42:00,284
The Texas Hill Country is developing
faster than any other region.
347
00:42:04,197 --> 00:42:09,865
Per capita, each of us uses
138 gallons of water each day.
348
00:42:10,931 --> 00:42:13,198
[water dripping and rushing]
349
00:42:14,467 --> 00:42:17,236
To meet this demand,
we are taking water out
350
00:42:17,372 --> 00:42:20,139
of the aquifers and
pumping it to the surface.
351
00:42:26,216 --> 00:42:29,950
When we remove more water
than rainfall can refill,
352
00:42:30,319 --> 00:42:34,120
the water table falls,
and the springs go dry.
353
00:42:37,723 --> 00:42:41,091
During the last century, one
half of the major springs
354
00:42:41,226 --> 00:42:43,129
in Texas have stopped flowing
355
00:42:43,264 --> 00:42:46,099
because the aquifer
was over-pumped.
356
00:42:49,502 --> 00:42:53,271
Our rivers and wildlife
depend on these springs.
357
00:42:55,281 --> 00:42:56,747
As do we.
358
00:43:02,121 --> 00:43:05,650
The people of Austin and San
Antonio have taken action.
359
00:43:06,853 --> 00:43:10,388
When water protection efforts
were placed on city elections,
360
00:43:10,524 --> 00:43:13,557
citizens voted
overwhelmingly in support.
361
00:43:13,926 --> 00:43:16,030
[water rushing]
362
00:43:16,165 --> 00:43:18,428
They voted to invest
in water rights,
363
00:43:18,564 --> 00:43:23,070
establish parks, and fund
conservation easements.
364
00:43:26,574 --> 00:43:31,947
They have conserved over 200,000
acres of their watersheds.
365
00:43:34,318 --> 00:43:38,888
Because the future health of
the land is tied to our own.
366
00:43:42,494 --> 00:43:44,654
[suspenseful music]
367
00:43:45,958 --> 00:43:49,565
One of these conserved areas
is also helping to protect...
368
00:43:50,235 --> 00:43:53,837
one of Earth's most remarkable
wildlife spectacles.
369
00:43:58,839 --> 00:44:00,377
Bracken cave.
370
00:44:00,512 --> 00:44:02,813
[intriguing gentle music]
371
00:44:04,680 --> 00:44:06,982
[bats chirping]
372
00:44:08,848 --> 00:44:13,054
This is a maternity colony
of Mexican free-tailed bats.
373
00:44:18,329 --> 00:44:21,326
The females migrate from
Mexico to Texas each year
374
00:44:21,462 --> 00:44:23,763
to feed on insects
during the summer,
375
00:44:23,899 --> 00:44:25,770
and to raise a new pup.
376
00:44:30,907 --> 00:44:34,506
At five weeks old, the youngsters
have already grown to adult size
377
00:44:34,642 --> 00:44:37,782
and are preparing to
take their first flight.
378
00:44:41,851 --> 00:44:43,551
Airspace is crowded,
379
00:44:43,920 --> 00:44:45,251
for Bracken cave contains
380
00:44:45,387 --> 00:44:48,421
20 million Mexican
free-tailed bats,
381
00:44:48,556 --> 00:44:52,324
and is the largest congregation
of mammals on Earth.
382
00:44:58,764 --> 00:45:01,740
It's a difficult place
to learn how to fly.
383
00:45:15,988 --> 00:45:18,486
As the sun sets
each summer evening,
384
00:45:18,955 --> 00:45:21,523
the colony begins to emerge.
385
00:45:21,658 --> 00:45:23,658
[bats chirping]
386
00:45:23,794 --> 00:45:26,094
[wings cutting the air]
387
00:46:26,326 --> 00:46:30,862
It is time for these young
bats to spread their wings.
388
00:46:37,231 --> 00:46:39,530
[distorted suspenseful music]
389
00:46:43,640 --> 00:46:47,208
Bats experience the world
much differently than we do.
390
00:46:49,315 --> 00:46:52,616
They emit sounds too high
for our ears to hear,
391
00:46:53,319 --> 00:46:56,181
which bounce off objects,
and return as echoes,
392
00:46:56,817 --> 00:47:00,452
giving each bat an auditory
map of their surroundings.
393
00:47:03,125 --> 00:47:04,824
But with so many voices...
394
00:47:05,526 --> 00:47:07,899
their echolocation is hindered
395
00:47:08,034 --> 00:47:10,528
and they must also
rely on sight.
396
00:47:16,508 --> 00:47:20,307
The new pups must navigate two
rotations around the batnado...
397
00:47:21,109 --> 00:47:22,640
rise above the trees
398
00:47:22,775 --> 00:47:25,411
and then fly to their
hunting grounds.
399
00:47:32,824 --> 00:47:34,156
Their gravest danger...
400
00:47:34,824 --> 00:47:35,993
is collision.
401
00:49:00,976 --> 00:49:03,278
[tense music]
402
00:49:30,202 --> 00:49:31,306
[light thud]
403
00:49:38,312 --> 00:49:43,219
The pups who are able to free
themselves must rejoin the colony.
404
00:49:44,523 --> 00:49:46,923
But they do not yet have
the strength or the skill
405
00:49:47,058 --> 00:49:48,785
to take off from the ground.
406
00:49:51,897 --> 00:49:56,397
Their only hope is to climb to a
high point to take off again...
407
00:50:04,941 --> 00:50:06,374
undetected.
408
00:50:08,011 --> 00:50:10,312
[light suspenseful music]
409
00:50:14,949 --> 00:50:18,683
The coachwhip is the fastest
snake in North America.
410
00:50:23,390 --> 00:50:24,821
They are waiting...
411
00:50:25,797 --> 00:50:27,065
for movement.
412
00:51:44,543 --> 00:51:48,311
Alone, the bats are
defenseless against the snakes.
413
00:51:51,446 --> 00:51:53,514
But others have also fallen.
414
00:52:09,968 --> 00:52:11,565
[suspenseful sting]
415
00:52:17,571 --> 00:52:19,574
And when one is sacrificed...
416
00:52:21,011 --> 00:52:24,978
it provides an opportunity
for the others... to escape.
417
00:52:25,113 --> 00:52:27,416
[dramatic music]
418
00:53:40,089 --> 00:53:43,961
Flying within the colony,
the young bats find safety...
419
00:53:44,830 --> 00:53:48,398
for their greatest strength
is in their sheer numbers.
420
00:54:01,173 --> 00:54:04,144
Above the tree line,
they fly as a river.
421
00:54:04,980 --> 00:54:08,550
Each individual hidden
amongst the multitude.
422
00:54:15,754 --> 00:54:17,620
They must blend into the group.
423
00:54:18,289 --> 00:54:20,694
The emergence has
attracted attention.
424
00:54:26,770 --> 00:54:30,166
Red-tailed hawks,
Swainson's hawks,
425
00:54:30,301 --> 00:54:33,641
and peregrine falcons
have come to hunt.
426
00:54:37,380 --> 00:54:38,613
They are looking...
427
00:54:39,416 --> 00:54:41,550
for prey that stands out.
428
00:55:05,272 --> 00:55:09,347
Some of these bats have
over 15 years of experience.
429
00:55:10,710 --> 00:55:11,976
But the new pups...
430
00:55:13,345 --> 00:55:16,184
don't yet know the
dangers of flying alone
431
00:55:16,320 --> 00:55:17,949
or on the outskirts.
432
00:55:36,142 --> 00:55:38,442
[dramatic music continues]
433
00:56:12,078 --> 00:56:13,609
[suspenseful sting]
434
00:56:17,811 --> 00:56:20,081
Individuals fall each night.
435
00:56:20,217 --> 00:56:21,949
[gentle music]
436
00:56:22,085 --> 00:56:26,050
But as a colony... they
overwhelm the predators.
437
00:56:28,357 --> 00:56:30,659
[bats chirping]
438
00:56:40,004 --> 00:56:44,200
The bats of Bracken Cave
support an entire ecosystem.
439
00:56:45,469 --> 00:56:48,906
But their biggest impact
is up to 100 miles away,
440
00:56:49,175 --> 00:56:51,813
where they will
consume over 150 tons
441
00:56:51,949 --> 00:56:55,948
of agricultural pests
every single night.
442
00:57:08,194 --> 00:57:11,095
There are 32 different
species in Texas
443
00:57:11,230 --> 00:57:13,801
and hundreds of
millions of bats.
444
00:57:18,875 --> 00:57:21,304
Some night skies
they fly under...
445
00:57:21,973 --> 00:57:23,877
are more special than others.
446
00:57:35,489 --> 00:57:37,792
[ethereal music]
447
00:58:12,590 --> 00:58:15,896
Of all the national
parks in the Lower 48...
448
00:58:16,933 --> 00:58:20,131
Big Bend has the darkest skies.
449
00:58:27,709 --> 00:58:30,108
Beneath this heavenly expanse...
450
00:58:30,944 --> 00:58:32,880
are the signs of hope.
451
00:58:42,728 --> 00:58:46,828
These... are the
marks of a black bear.
452
00:58:52,903 --> 00:58:55,536
Bears were once
killed out of Texas.
453
00:58:56,206 --> 00:58:59,605
But across the border, in
the high mountains of Mexico,
454
00:58:59,741 --> 00:59:01,744
a population thrived.
455
00:59:05,282 --> 00:59:09,779
In the 1980s, bears became a
protected species in Texas.
456
00:59:10,415 --> 00:59:13,591
And we waited...
for their return.
457
00:59:26,399 --> 00:59:30,938
In 1987, a female
dispersed from Mexico...
458
00:59:31,708 --> 00:59:33,272
crossed the Rio Grande,
459
00:59:33,407 --> 00:59:36,409
and made her home in
Big Bend National Park.
460
00:59:36,544 --> 00:59:38,847
[birds chirping]
461
00:59:42,687 --> 00:59:47,284
Her pioneering instincts flow through
the veins of our bears today...
462
00:59:49,659 --> 00:59:51,288
and their offspring.
463
01:00:03,902 --> 01:00:05,104
[bear growls]
464
01:00:15,714 --> 01:00:18,349
This mama bear has taught
her eight-month-old cubs
465
01:00:18,484 --> 01:00:21,186
how to find food with
each passing season.
466
01:00:25,959 --> 01:00:28,292
In the fall, that means acorns.
467
01:00:32,432 --> 01:00:34,264
It's slim pickings
on the forest floor,
468
01:00:34,400 --> 01:00:38,108
but... up above,
there's a bounty.
469
01:00:38,244 --> 01:00:40,242
[gentle music]
470
01:00:40,377 --> 01:00:42,680
[birds chirping]
471
01:00:51,418 --> 01:00:55,154
And these cubs, they
have a size advantage.
472
01:00:56,955 --> 01:00:58,256
[bear growls]
473
01:01:30,623 --> 01:01:35,429
The very best acorns are those
the big bears can't reach.
474
01:01:35,565 --> 01:01:37,801
[leaves rustling]
475
01:02:26,679 --> 01:02:30,084
The higher the climb,
the sweeter the reward.
476
01:03:04,452 --> 01:03:08,584
Life is good in Big
Bend National Park.
477
01:03:12,496 --> 01:03:15,899
A century ago, these bears
would have been hunted down.
478
01:03:17,002 --> 01:03:20,035
Today... they can
rest peacefully.
479
01:03:27,941 --> 01:03:30,243
[gentle music]
480
01:03:33,419 --> 01:03:37,515
But the Chisos Mountains in
Big Bend are relatively small,
481
01:03:37,650 --> 01:03:40,253
and they are already
filled to capacity.
482
01:03:44,829 --> 01:03:46,997
Like their pioneer ancestors,
483
01:03:47,132 --> 01:03:50,329
bears are dispersing
from the national park.
484
01:03:52,303 --> 01:03:55,099
They are seeking new
mountain ranges in Texas.
485
01:03:55,968 --> 01:04:00,471
A place to call home, where
their ancestors once roamed.
486
01:04:12,054 --> 01:04:14,190
But their path to recovery
487
01:04:14,726 --> 01:04:16,454
is far from certain.
488
01:04:58,570 --> 01:05:00,069
[tense sting]
489
01:05:08,247 --> 01:05:11,346
There are thousands
of traps across Texas.
490
01:05:11,916 --> 01:05:14,116
Set for our top predator.
491
01:05:24,091 --> 01:05:25,354
The mountain lion.
492
01:05:25,489 --> 01:05:28,031
[suspenseful dramatic music]
493
01:05:46,445 --> 01:05:48,515
Once found across the state,
494
01:05:48,651 --> 01:05:51,516
populations now only exist
in the remote canyons
495
01:05:51,651 --> 01:05:54,486
and deep brush of
South and West Texas.
496
01:06:26,089 --> 01:06:28,018
Their territories are massive,
497
01:06:28,487 --> 01:06:31,424
often over 100 square miles.
498
01:06:48,347 --> 01:06:52,643
On average, they kill
every seven to ten days.
499
01:07:23,745 --> 01:07:27,282
Their prey can be
several times their size.
500
01:07:29,116 --> 01:07:30,214
And well-armed.
501
01:07:30,349 --> 01:07:32,650
[light suspenseful music]
502
01:07:43,830 --> 01:07:46,296
Some animals take
shelter in the cliffs.
503
01:07:47,166 --> 01:07:50,602
Or move as a herd to have
more eyes on the lookout.
504
01:08:01,550 --> 01:08:03,846
But water is scarce
in the desert.
505
01:08:04,582 --> 01:08:06,519
And prey must drink.
506
01:10:04,469 --> 01:10:05,671
[leaves rustling]
507
01:10:10,411 --> 01:10:11,908
They must be wary...
508
01:10:14,117 --> 01:10:15,450
for they too...
509
01:10:16,250 --> 01:10:17,485
are prey.
510
01:10:18,682 --> 01:10:22,384
[suspenseful music]
511
01:10:22,519 --> 01:10:26,121
On rare occasions, mountain
lions will kill livestock.
512
01:10:26,524 --> 01:10:29,992
And some hunters don't want
another predator on the land.
513
01:10:33,071 --> 01:10:34,667
But unlike other states,
514
01:10:34,802 --> 01:10:36,904
where only problem
cats are removed
515
01:10:37,039 --> 01:10:40,469
and mountain lions are either
protected or closely managed...
516
01:10:41,271 --> 01:10:45,042
in Texas, they can
be trapped, snared,
517
01:10:45,177 --> 01:10:48,281
and hunted year-round
with no harvest limits
518
01:10:48,416 --> 01:10:50,683
and no science-based management.
519
01:10:53,491 --> 01:10:55,758
They can even be
captured in cages
520
01:10:56,227 --> 01:10:58,493
and sold in canned hunts.
521
01:11:03,831 --> 01:11:07,166
In a West Texas study
following 16 cats,
522
01:11:07,301 --> 01:11:08,567
one was shot
523
01:11:09,002 --> 01:11:13,376
and all of the remaining
15 were killed in traps.
524
01:11:25,216 --> 01:11:27,984
It is not required
to check the traps.
525
01:11:29,158 --> 01:11:30,158
When caught,
526
01:11:30,722 --> 01:11:32,392
it can take days to die
527
01:11:32,527 --> 01:11:34,892
from dehydration and exposure.
528
01:11:42,507 --> 01:11:45,903
Every step they
take is a gamble.
529
01:11:50,482 --> 01:11:52,514
And they are almost
guaranteed...
530
01:11:53,281 --> 01:11:54,450
to lose.
531
01:12:00,255 --> 01:12:01,853
[tense sting]
532
01:12:41,099 --> 01:12:43,400
[mountain lion sniffing]
533
01:13:51,633 --> 01:13:53,701
- [tense sting]
- [crackling]
534
01:14:02,208 --> 01:14:05,174
This trap was dismantled
by our camera team.
535
01:14:09,050 --> 01:14:11,449
But there are
thousands across Texas
536
01:14:11,752 --> 01:14:13,754
that are armed right now.
537
01:14:21,558 --> 01:14:24,359
Mountain lion traps
do not discriminate...
538
01:14:25,062 --> 01:14:26,530
and can catch those...
539
01:14:27,133 --> 01:14:29,033
just searching for a new home.
540
01:14:30,802 --> 01:14:33,004
[black bear sniffing]
541
01:14:59,663 --> 01:15:01,967
[panting]
542
01:15:44,908 --> 01:15:48,651
The treatment of our mountain
lions is from a bygone era.
543
01:15:50,481 --> 01:15:52,685
In other states, they
are either protected
544
01:15:52,820 --> 01:15:54,351
or managed as a game animal
545
01:15:54,487 --> 01:15:57,759
with controlled hunting
seasons and harvest limits.
546
01:16:01,366 --> 01:16:03,798
Texas can do the same.
547
01:16:15,575 --> 01:16:17,574
[wind whistling]
548
01:16:17,709 --> 01:16:20,012
[rain pattering]
549
01:16:42,499 --> 01:16:44,632
There is no better
proof of our ability
550
01:16:44,768 --> 01:16:48,144
to change and live alongside
the natural world...
551
01:16:49,213 --> 01:16:52,742
than in the Big Thicket and
Piney Woods of East Texas.
552
01:16:52,877 --> 01:16:55,151
[thunder rumbling]
553
01:16:55,286 --> 01:16:57,379
[insects chirping]
554
01:17:01,656 --> 01:17:06,026
One hundred years ago, this
abandoned structure was a sawmill...
555
01:17:07,730 --> 01:17:11,998
where the old growth forests were
cut apart and turned into lumber.
556
01:17:20,208 --> 01:17:22,637
There are hundreds of
sawmills like this.
557
01:17:23,173 --> 01:17:24,806
By the early 1900s,
558
01:17:24,941 --> 01:17:29,015
nearly all of the East Texas
forest had been cut down.
559
01:17:31,322 --> 01:17:33,415
[thunder rumbling]
560
01:17:36,824 --> 01:17:38,626
As the last trees fell
561
01:17:38,761 --> 01:17:40,726
and the top soil washed away,
562
01:17:40,861 --> 01:17:45,427
small groups of bold Texans resolved
to bring these forests back.
563
01:17:45,996 --> 01:17:48,298
[serene music]
564
01:17:53,208 --> 01:17:56,307
They shared a dream of
a restored ecosystem
565
01:17:56,442 --> 01:17:59,474
and were often met with
ridicule and scorn.
566
01:18:01,783 --> 01:18:03,247
Yet they persisted.
567
01:18:04,050 --> 01:18:06,019
And their vision took root.
568
01:18:20,865 --> 01:18:24,700
Over the course of decades,
they slowly inspired landowners,
569
01:18:24,835 --> 01:18:27,669
timber companies and our
state and federal governments
570
01:18:27,805 --> 01:18:31,374
to combine efforts and
bring the forests back.
571
01:19:05,781 --> 01:19:08,449
This... is their legacy.
572
01:19:09,385 --> 01:19:13,383
Over a million acres of
restored forest and preserves.
573
01:19:16,489 --> 01:19:18,561
They have given us
the greatest gift
574
01:19:18,696 --> 01:19:20,962
a generation can leave behind.
575
01:19:22,397 --> 01:19:25,461
A landscape healthier
than they inherited...
576
01:19:26,164 --> 01:19:27,764
teeming with life.
577
01:19:27,899 --> 01:19:30,202
[birds chirping]
578
01:20:05,002 --> 01:20:07,305
[rain pattering]
579
01:20:11,141 --> 01:20:13,443
[thunder rumbling]
580
01:20:19,384 --> 01:20:23,920
The forests of East Texas average
over four feet of rainfall a year.
581
01:20:25,190 --> 01:20:29,526
So much that the rivers and creeks
simply can't hold it all in.
582
01:20:29,995 --> 01:20:32,297
[water rushing]
583
01:20:38,137 --> 01:20:40,272
As water spills over the banks,
584
01:20:40,407 --> 01:20:43,440
it fills the oxbow
lakes and sloughs.
585
01:20:46,817 --> 01:20:48,745
Like a sponge, these wetlands
586
01:20:48,880 --> 01:20:52,449
absorb the overflow and act
as nature's flood control.
587
01:20:54,725 --> 01:20:56,157
These are the conditions
588
01:20:56,559 --> 01:21:00,028
that our largest freshwater
fish have been waiting for.
589
01:21:01,961 --> 01:21:04,263
[gentle music]
590
01:21:08,399 --> 01:21:11,435
This... is an alligator gar.
591
01:21:12,510 --> 01:21:13,569
A female.
592
01:21:15,105 --> 01:21:19,542
She is the size of an adult
human and can live just as long.
593
01:21:23,582 --> 01:21:25,655
She has left the
safety of the river
594
01:21:25,790 --> 01:21:27,924
and is following the floods.
595
01:21:30,256 --> 01:21:34,192
These wetlands will provide the
best opportunity for her offspring.
596
01:21:34,627 --> 01:21:37,626
In a place free from
other river predators.
597
01:21:43,503 --> 01:21:45,869
She releases pheromones
as she travels
598
01:21:46,305 --> 01:21:48,175
for her suitors to follow.
599
01:21:50,913 --> 01:21:53,213
And they have proven attractive.
600
01:22:00,784 --> 01:22:02,586
With scales like
a suit of armor,
601
01:22:02,721 --> 01:22:05,489
she leads him further
into the shallows.
602
01:22:10,496 --> 01:22:14,797
She has likely waited five to ten years
for the right conditions to spawn.
603
01:22:15,767 --> 01:22:19,170
And she will release
over 100,000 eggs
604
01:22:19,539 --> 01:22:22,242
which the males
fight to fertilize.
605
01:22:44,135 --> 01:22:45,928
Her eggs will hatch
in only two days
606
01:22:46,063 --> 01:22:49,001
and the baby gar will be
swept back into the river
607
01:22:49,137 --> 01:22:51,172
as the floodwaters recede.
608
01:22:54,311 --> 01:22:56,608
It is a life strategy
so successful,
609
01:22:56,743 --> 01:23:01,512
that alligator gar have lived
here for 70 million years.
610
01:23:03,246 --> 01:23:05,582
[birds chirping]
611
01:23:09,427 --> 01:23:13,561
Our waterways are home to
nearly 200 native Texas fish.
612
01:23:14,297 --> 01:23:17,066
Over a dozen are
found nowhere else.
613
01:23:18,896 --> 01:23:21,803
They have evolved for
natural water flow,
614
01:23:21,939 --> 01:23:23,164
which has been disrupted.
615
01:23:23,299 --> 01:23:25,602
[soft music]
616
01:23:27,643 --> 01:23:30,978
We have lost one half of
our wetlands in Texas,
617
01:23:31,447 --> 01:23:34,182
which act as nature's
flood control.
618
01:23:35,780 --> 01:23:38,153
They are often
replaced by concrete,
619
01:23:38,288 --> 01:23:40,584
which increases the
flooding downstream.
620
01:23:46,897 --> 01:23:48,262
To mitigate flooding,
621
01:23:48,397 --> 01:23:51,496
over 7000 dams have
been constructed...
622
01:23:52,464 --> 01:23:54,028
which also irrigate crops,
623
01:23:54,163 --> 01:23:57,535
generate electricity,
and supply our cities.
624
01:23:59,070 --> 01:24:02,672
The reservoirs dams create
are exposed to the sun.
625
01:24:04,311 --> 01:24:06,478
During the drought of 2011,
626
01:24:06,613 --> 01:24:08,580
more water was
lost to evaporation
627
01:24:08,715 --> 01:24:11,852
than was used by all
of our cities combined.
628
01:24:11,987 --> 01:24:14,288
[intriguing gentle music]
629
01:24:22,861 --> 01:24:25,665
The impact to our
watersheds is so great
630
01:24:25,801 --> 01:24:29,367
that hundreds of miles of
our rivers no longer flow.
631
01:24:30,036 --> 01:24:34,275
And one half of our native
fish species are imperiled.
632
01:24:41,282 --> 01:24:42,945
We depend on the same water.
633
01:24:43,614 --> 01:24:45,484
And we are making progress.
634
01:24:48,691 --> 01:24:51,387
In the last 30 years, the
average water use per Texan
635
01:24:51,523 --> 01:24:53,327
has been cut by a quarter.
636
01:24:55,526 --> 01:24:57,466
Landscaping with native plants,
637
01:24:57,601 --> 01:25:01,503
improving irrigation technology,
storing water underground,
638
01:25:01,638 --> 01:25:05,372
and increasing efficiency has
potential to save much more.
639
01:25:08,371 --> 01:25:11,411
Scientists are finding ways
to release water from dams
640
01:25:11,547 --> 01:25:13,715
that allow our
native fish to spawn.
641
01:25:14,618 --> 01:25:18,286
And some dams that are no
longer useful can be taken down.
642
01:25:22,224 --> 01:25:24,493
Conserving water is crucial...
643
01:25:25,629 --> 01:25:28,489
for flowing rivers are
the arteries of Texas...
644
01:25:29,259 --> 01:25:32,800
and the lifeblood of
our bays and estuaries.
645
01:25:32,935 --> 01:25:35,237
[birds calling]
646
01:25:58,522 --> 01:26:00,625
[dolphin whistling]
647
01:26:02,566 --> 01:26:07,236
Our coastline is unique due
to a distinctive geography.
648
01:26:09,673 --> 01:26:13,374
Texas is protected by barrier
islands and peninsulas.
649
01:26:16,405 --> 01:26:19,140
When salt water from the
Gulf passes through them,
650
01:26:19,276 --> 01:26:22,977
it combines with the fresh water
and nutrients from our rivers...
651
01:26:25,786 --> 01:26:28,357
creating an underwater
prairie of grass
652
01:26:28,626 --> 01:26:31,458
that attracts life from
across the hemisphere.
653
01:26:34,427 --> 01:26:36,632
[wings cutting the air]
654
01:26:36,767 --> 01:26:38,861
[birds chirping]
655
01:26:54,377 --> 01:26:58,353
The migrations that come through
our coastline are so vast
656
01:26:58,488 --> 01:27:00,319
that the second
highest passage rate
657
01:27:00,454 --> 01:27:02,456
of migratory birds on Earth,
658
01:27:02,591 --> 01:27:05,294
was recorded right
here in Texas.
659
01:27:08,095 --> 01:27:09,991
[ducks quacking]
660
01:27:16,003 --> 01:27:21,305
These coastal marshes are also
home to a master of ambush.
661
01:27:21,440 --> 01:27:23,708
[light suspenseful music]
662
01:27:34,056 --> 01:27:35,456
Alligators.
663
01:28:22,535 --> 01:28:27,376
Islands along the coast provide
crucial habitat for colonial waterbirds
664
01:28:27,511 --> 01:28:29,972
to build nests and
raise their chicks.
665
01:28:51,762 --> 01:28:53,228
As the youngsters grow,
666
01:28:53,363 --> 01:28:55,702
they begin to explore
their surroundings...
667
01:28:56,939 --> 01:29:01,003
creating an opportunity
for those with patience.
668
01:29:47,817 --> 01:29:49,355
Below the surface,
669
01:29:49,824 --> 01:29:52,094
the mixture of
fresh and salt water
670
01:29:52,229 --> 01:29:54,095
creates a nursery for the Gulf.
671
01:29:54,230 --> 01:29:56,531
[gentle upbeat music]
672
01:30:00,304 --> 01:30:02,471
Like many coastal species,
673
01:30:02,606 --> 01:30:04,870
redfish are born as
eggs in the ocean
674
01:30:05,005 --> 01:30:08,103
and swept into the
bays by incoming tides.
675
01:30:12,143 --> 01:30:14,011
As juveniles, they
hunt these shallows
676
01:30:14,147 --> 01:30:16,947
until they grow large
enough for life at sea.
677
01:30:23,924 --> 01:30:26,055
In September of
their third year,
678
01:30:26,424 --> 01:30:29,757
a biological urge triggers
them to congregate,
679
01:30:30,059 --> 01:30:33,062
and to begin their migration.
680
01:31:03,426 --> 01:31:06,133
Driven by instinct and
following the tides,
681
01:31:06,268 --> 01:31:09,934
they are swimming to the ocean
to live out their adult lives.
682
01:31:11,908 --> 01:31:15,269
With them, flow nutrients
from across Texas.
683
01:31:18,041 --> 01:31:20,012
Transported by our rivers,
684
01:31:20,148 --> 01:31:24,212
the gift of fresh water
reaches the Gulf of Mexico.
685
01:31:31,527 --> 01:31:36,191
For the first few leagues offshore,
sediment clouds the water.
686
01:31:37,863 --> 01:31:39,694
But with distance and depth,
687
01:31:39,963 --> 01:31:42,598
the Gulf reveals her true color.
688
01:31:42,733 --> 01:31:45,035
[intriguing music]
689
01:31:50,979 --> 01:31:54,141
This deep blue world
seems far from our own,
690
01:31:54,610 --> 01:31:57,451
yet nutrients from
our bays and estuaries
691
01:31:57,586 --> 01:31:59,287
fuel much of the plankton...
692
01:32:00,090 --> 01:32:03,691
which are the building
blocks of life in the Gulf.
693
01:32:04,788 --> 01:32:07,090
[gentle music]
694
01:32:09,026 --> 01:32:11,128
In a few very special places,
695
01:32:11,263 --> 01:32:13,395
salt domes have risen
from the seafloor
696
01:32:13,531 --> 01:32:16,497
and combined with tropical
currents from the south.
697
01:32:17,700 --> 01:32:22,270
Here, this plankton fuels
the Texas Caribbean...
698
01:32:33,484 --> 01:32:37,890
the Flower Garden Banks
National Marine Sanctuary.
699
01:33:02,249 --> 01:33:06,215
Each of these corals is
composed of millions of polyps.
700
01:33:08,285 --> 01:33:10,956
Each polyp feeds
on the plankton.
701
01:33:14,058 --> 01:33:16,291
It is an oasis of life...
702
01:33:16,961 --> 01:33:19,096
in a desert of blue.
703
01:33:27,406 --> 01:33:30,877
We are still unraveling the
mysteries that abound here.
704
01:33:33,176 --> 01:33:34,980
What we've learned thus far...
705
01:33:35,716 --> 01:33:38,313
is nearly beyond imagination.
706
01:33:45,925 --> 01:33:47,661
Shortly after the sunset,
707
01:33:48,097 --> 01:33:50,965
during the week after
the full moon in August,
708
01:33:51,101 --> 01:33:55,000
one of nature's most
remarkable events unfolds.
709
01:34:06,547 --> 01:34:08,849
[gentle music]
710
01:34:15,919 --> 01:34:17,220
The corals...
711
01:34:17,954 --> 01:34:19,189
are spawning.
712
01:34:27,135 --> 01:34:29,164
We do not know how
they communicate,
713
01:34:29,499 --> 01:34:32,499
but in unison, millions
of coral polyps
714
01:34:32,634 --> 01:34:36,041
release and fertilize
their offspring.
715
01:35:03,640 --> 01:35:08,943
This seemingly alien world exists
far from our daily consciousness.
716
01:35:10,613 --> 01:35:14,844
Yet it is connected in ways that we
are just beginning to understand.
717
01:35:14,979 --> 01:35:17,280
[light suspenseful music]
718
01:35:32,127 --> 01:35:34,099
[water lapping]
719
01:35:36,834 --> 01:35:38,499
[ducks quacking]
720
01:35:51,883 --> 01:35:53,316
[tense sting]
721
01:36:13,872 --> 01:36:15,338
[tense sting]
722
01:36:34,057 --> 01:36:35,864
[thunder rumbling]
723
01:36:44,903 --> 01:36:47,205
[serene music]
724
01:36:50,038 --> 01:36:53,313
In the next 30 years, our
population is projected
725
01:36:53,448 --> 01:36:57,182
to increase from 30 million
to 50 million Texans.
726
01:37:03,221 --> 01:37:05,018
Urban areas are expanding,
727
01:37:05,421 --> 01:37:07,093
landscapes are subdividing
728
01:37:07,228 --> 01:37:09,693
as ranches split
with the generations.
729
01:37:10,729 --> 01:37:14,034
And energy demand is
consuming millions of acres.
730
01:37:23,544 --> 01:37:26,277
Climate change will bring
more severe droughts,
731
01:37:26,412 --> 01:37:29,445
weather variability,
and hurricanes.
732
01:37:35,422 --> 01:37:37,619
Some of our rivers
are entirely consumed
733
01:37:37,755 --> 01:37:41,127
and no longer flow to the
sea during drought years.
734
01:37:47,402 --> 01:37:50,837
We've lost a quarter of our
birds in the last 50 years.
735
01:37:51,473 --> 01:37:55,036
And there are 69 species
that are state endangered
736
01:37:55,438 --> 01:37:57,671
and 148 that are threatened.
737
01:38:08,550 --> 01:38:11,421
Their future is our choice.
738
01:38:12,928 --> 01:38:14,721
And there is reason for hope.
739
01:38:15,257 --> 01:38:17,465
[birds singing]
740
01:38:17,601 --> 01:38:19,463
[crickets chirping]
741
01:38:19,598 --> 01:38:22,336
From the Piney Woods
to the Trans-Pecos,
742
01:38:22,772 --> 01:38:24,071
there is living proof
743
01:38:24,206 --> 01:38:26,070
that we have the
ability to recover
744
01:38:26,205 --> 01:38:28,471
and live alongside wildlife.
745
01:38:30,680 --> 01:38:32,778
[serene music continues]
746
01:38:34,081 --> 01:38:38,344
There is proof that our votes can
conserve landscapes and water,
747
01:38:38,480 --> 01:38:43,323
that our backyards can be habitat
for incredible migrations,
748
01:38:43,626 --> 01:38:47,721
and that endangered species
can thrive on working ranches.
749
01:38:49,632 --> 01:38:51,725
[water rushing]
750
01:38:54,402 --> 01:38:57,637
Every single Texas
river has advocates.
751
01:38:58,573 --> 01:39:01,907
And every ecoregion has land
owners and organizations
752
01:39:02,042 --> 01:39:04,276
working to improve the habitat.
753
01:39:12,718 --> 01:39:16,419
Thousands of Texans have
dedicated their lives, careers,
754
01:39:16,555 --> 01:39:19,090
and money to
restore our wildlife
755
01:39:19,225 --> 01:39:21,557
and preserve our wild places.
756
01:39:27,435 --> 01:39:30,137
Yet there is still
so much to be done.
757
01:39:34,905 --> 01:39:39,074
There has never been a
greater need or opportunity...
758
01:39:39,777 --> 01:39:43,183
to conserve our
unique ecosystem.
759
01:39:46,321 --> 01:39:48,254
And there's never
been a people...
760
01:39:49,024 --> 01:39:50,489
who love their home...
761
01:39:51,058 --> 01:39:52,720
as much as Texans.
762
01:39:53,355 --> 01:39:55,657
[gentle music]
62364
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