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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:52,318 --> 00:00:56,357 THE BATTLE OF CHILE 2 00:00:56,523 --> 00:01:00,665 The struggle of an unarmed people 3 00:01:02,395 --> 00:01:06,366 Part Two THE COUP D'ETAT 4 00:01:07,534 --> 00:01:10,913 a Patricio Guzmán Film 5 00:02:41,294 --> 00:02:45,071 In memory of Jorge Müller Silva 6 00:02:56,109 --> 00:03:00,148 Santiago de Chile, June 29, 1973. 7 00:03:00,647 --> 00:03:04,220 Unable to remove President Allende constitutionally... 8 00:03:04,417 --> 00:03:07,921 ...the U.S. government and the Chilean opposition... 9 00:03:08,121 --> 00:03:10,727 ...opt for the strategy of a coup. 10 00:03:21,568 --> 00:03:24,208 After its defeat in the presidential elections... 11 00:03:24,404 --> 00:03:25,940 ...in March, 1973... 12 00:03:26,005 --> 00:03:29,248 ...the opposition sets the wheels firmly in motion for a planned uprising. 13 00:03:31,311 --> 00:03:34,451 On June 29, at 09.00 a.m.,... 14 00:03:34,614 --> 00:03:38,118 ...a single regiment attacks the government palace with 6 tanks. 15 00:03:52,398 --> 00:03:53,536 Shortly after,... 16 00:03:53,766 --> 00:03:56,906 ...an Argentinean journalist films his own death. 17 00:03:58,972 --> 00:04:02,317 He also records, two months before the final coup,... 18 00:04:02,475 --> 00:04:05,649 ...the true face of a sector of the Chilean army. 19 00:04:20,994 --> 00:04:22,405 For an hour,... 20 00:04:22,595 --> 00:04:25,269 ...the tanks exchange fire with the presidential guard... 21 00:04:25,498 --> 00:04:27,978 ...who are inside the La Moneda Palace. 22 00:04:28,501 --> 00:04:31,948 22 people die during these first moments. 23 00:04:32,105 --> 00:04:34,107 Parliament, the Judicial Power,... 24 00:04:34,374 --> 00:04:37,218 ...and the opposition parties are silent. 25 00:04:49,155 --> 00:04:52,398 However, the rebel troops don't receive support... 26 00:04:52,625 --> 00:04:54,662 ...from the rest of the armed forces. 27 00:05:00,133 --> 00:05:02,739 Perhaps thinking that conditions are not yet right... 28 00:05:02,935 --> 00:05:04,471 ...for a successful rising... 29 00:05:04,704 --> 00:05:07,378 ...the other officers don't join in this action. 30 00:05:07,940 --> 00:05:11,149 Meanwhile, loyal troops begin the first counter-attack... 31 00:05:11,277 --> 00:05:12,654 ...to break the siege. 32 00:05:12,845 --> 00:05:14,654 Watch out! Over there! 33 00:05:18,584 --> 00:05:20,291 Don't shoot, bastards! 34 00:05:24,090 --> 00:05:26,696 At 10:30, more loyal soldiers are mobilized... 35 00:05:26,893 --> 00:05:28,873 ...towards the city center. 36 00:05:29,062 --> 00:05:31,736 Advancing on the Panamerican road into the capital... 37 00:05:31,831 --> 00:05:34,835 ...are 10 artillery regiment troop transporters... 38 00:05:35,034 --> 00:05:37,071 ...from the city of San Felipe. 39 00:05:37,970 --> 00:05:41,247 The civilian population must stay calm. 40 00:06:04,697 --> 00:06:06,699 After a brief confrontation,... 41 00:06:06,899 --> 00:06:09,004 ...the rebel tanks begin to withdraw. 42 00:06:09,168 --> 00:06:10,841 The Commander-in-Chief of the Army,... 43 00:06:11,037 --> 00:06:14,280 ...Gen. Carlos Prats, directs the operations personally. 44 00:06:18,211 --> 00:06:20,953 At 11:00 a.m., with fighting still going on,... 45 00:06:21,180 --> 00:06:22,591 ...the President of the Republic... 46 00:06:22,849 --> 00:06:24,886 ...goes into the palace. 47 00:06:25,151 --> 00:06:27,791 Just then, another column of loyal soldiers arrives,... 48 00:06:27,954 --> 00:06:31,333 ...headed by the Minister of Defense, José Tohá. 49 00:06:31,391 --> 00:06:34,235 Young Communists of Chile! 50 00:06:34,460 --> 00:06:36,906 Long live the workers' president! 51 00:06:41,134 --> 00:06:48,382 Fight and create popular power! 52 00:06:48,574 --> 00:06:55,583 Fight and create popular power! 53 00:06:59,318 --> 00:07:01,025 The situation is being controlled,... 54 00:07:01,220 --> 00:07:04,326 ...but some troops have not yet surrendered. 55 00:07:04,524 --> 00:07:07,664 Even as they withdraw, the tanks are still firing. 56 00:07:08,094 --> 00:07:10,233 José Tohá, Minister of Defense... 57 00:07:10,430 --> 00:07:13,877 ...tries to instill calm in the face of possible danger. 58 00:07:14,167 --> 00:07:17,478 He is assisted in this task by Gen. Pickering. 59 00:07:17,970 --> 00:07:20,143 Minister, if we don't control these people,... 60 00:07:20,373 --> 00:07:23,183 ...there'll be a massacre. Help me, please. 61 00:07:23,409 --> 00:07:26,879 Get out of here, please! Move away! 62 00:07:27,113 --> 00:07:29,684 If you don't move, someone might get killed. 63 00:07:33,686 --> 00:07:38,226 Generals Pickering, Sepúlveda and Prats lead the officers... 64 00:07:38,391 --> 00:07:40,200 ...most determined to suppress the rising. 65 00:07:40,359 --> 00:07:44,501 Other commanders, however, merely wait expectantly. 66 00:07:44,964 --> 00:07:47,035 Such is the case with Augusto Pinochet,... 67 00:07:47,266 --> 00:07:49,109 ...later Head of the Military Government,... 68 00:07:49,302 --> 00:07:51,612 ...who now joins in with the loyal forces. 69 00:07:53,139 --> 00:07:57,849 At 11:30, Gen. Carlos Prats assures the Minister of Defense... 70 00:07:58,010 --> 00:07:59,546 ...that the rebels have surrendered,... 71 00:07:59,779 --> 00:08:02,225 ...and shows the positions of his own troops. 72 00:08:02,648 --> 00:08:05,561 On the south side of La Moneda is the Warrant Officers School 73 00:08:05,785 --> 00:08:08,664 ...and on the north side is the Buin Regiment. 74 00:08:09,589 --> 00:08:13,036 But Gen. Prats will think it essential... 75 00:08:13,192 --> 00:08:16,605 ...to declare a State of Emergency to control the situation. 76 00:08:16,796 --> 00:08:18,969 We must request a State of Emergency at once. 77 00:08:19,432 --> 00:08:21,969 We can't control the situation otherwise. 78 00:08:27,773 --> 00:08:35,783 Allende, Allende, the people will defend you! 79 00:08:43,656 --> 00:08:47,502 At noon, with the defeat of the rising confirmed,... 80 00:08:47,727 --> 00:08:49,502 ...the Christian Democrats... 81 00:08:49,762 --> 00:08:52,265 ...say that they support the constitutional regime. 82 00:08:52,965 --> 00:08:57,744 The other opposition group, the National Party, refuses to comment. 83 00:08:57,937 --> 00:09:01,214 The leaders of the fascist group "Homeland and Freedom"... 84 00:09:01,374 --> 00:09:03,513 ...take refuge in the Ecuadorian embassy... 85 00:09:03,676 --> 00:09:06,520 ...revealing themselves as the authors of the putsch. 86 00:09:09,882 --> 00:09:16,231 Use a heavy hand! 87 00:09:42,715 --> 00:09:45,992 At 6:00 p.m., the presidential flag is lowered... 88 00:09:46,152 --> 00:09:48,189 ...by the guard who defended the palace. 89 00:09:48,754 --> 00:09:52,224 For two hours, this company, led by Lieut. Perez,... 90 00:09:52,425 --> 00:09:55,269 ...refused to hand over the seat of government. 91 00:09:55,661 --> 00:09:58,505 Along with Gen. Prats, they are the heroes of the day. 92 00:10:20,620 --> 00:10:23,191 The ease with which the attempted coup was crushed... 93 00:10:23,389 --> 00:10:25,164 ...raises many questions. 94 00:10:25,358 --> 00:10:28,362 The rising showed that some officers were sympathetic,... 95 00:10:28,561 --> 00:10:32,304 ...and only the fear of having to face other army units... 96 00:10:32,498 --> 00:10:34,671 ...prevented them from joining the rebellion. 97 00:10:35,101 --> 00:10:36,171 Consequently,... 98 00:10:36,369 --> 00:10:38,679 ...Allende relies on the constitutionalist officers,... 99 00:10:38,871 --> 00:10:41,147 ...rejecting any action which may weaken... 100 00:10:41,340 --> 00:10:43,411 ...his government's legality. 101 00:10:43,876 --> 00:10:47,016 We shall make the revolutionary changes... 102 00:10:47,213 --> 00:10:50,626 ...in pluralism, democracy and freedom,... 103 00:10:50,783 --> 00:10:52,922 ...which does not mean... 104 00:10:53,119 --> 00:10:57,192 ...tolerance of anti-democrats, ... 105 00:10:57,423 --> 00:11:00,336 ...tolerance of subversives,... 106 00:11:00,526 --> 00:11:04,338 ...or tolerance of fascists, comrades! 107 00:11:13,339 --> 00:11:20,917 Close the National Congress! 108 00:11:21,747 --> 00:11:24,227 But you must understand... 109 00:11:24,450 --> 00:11:28,057 ...what the real position of this government is. 110 00:11:28,587 --> 00:11:31,568 I will not, because it would be absurd,... 111 00:11:31,757 --> 00:11:33,293 ...close... 112 00:11:33,759 --> 00:11:35,329 ...the Congress. 113 00:11:35,594 --> 00:11:37,574 I'm not going to do it. 114 00:11:38,431 --> 00:11:40,172 I said... 115 00:11:41,067 --> 00:11:43,377 I said respect... 116 00:11:44,470 --> 00:11:47,542 But if it's necessary... 117 00:11:47,940 --> 00:11:50,045 If it's necessary,... 118 00:11:50,242 --> 00:11:52,244 ...I shall present... 119 00:11:52,411 --> 00:11:57,087 ...a bill to call a plebiscite... 120 00:11:57,283 --> 00:11:59,194 ...and let the people resolve this question! 121 00:12:03,689 --> 00:12:11,506 Shitty "Mummies", the street belongs to the left! 122 00:12:12,865 --> 00:12:15,106 The next day, Allende asks Congress... 123 00:12:15,334 --> 00:12:17,177 ...to declare a State of Emergency. 124 00:12:17,670 --> 00:12:19,775 Meanwhile, from the morning of June 29,... 125 00:12:19,905 --> 00:12:23,717 ...left-wing workers take control of factories, companies, 126 00:12:23,843 --> 00:12:26,790 mines and agricultural centers throughout Chile. 127 00:12:27,146 --> 00:12:34,963 Let's create popular power! 128 00:12:36,956 --> 00:12:40,233 Comrades, the conclusions of the 500 workers... 129 00:12:40,426 --> 00:12:42,531 ...in the packing factory are the following: 130 00:12:42,828 --> 00:12:44,569 Strengthen the industrial belts. 131 00:12:44,764 --> 00:12:46,744 Strengthen the communal councils. 132 00:12:46,932 --> 00:12:49,879 Strengthen the neighborhood groups and the COPPs. 133 00:12:50,069 --> 00:12:52,549 Strengthen all the community organizations. 134 00:12:52,772 --> 00:12:56,242 We must take advantage of this opportunity... 135 00:12:56,442 --> 00:12:57,819 ...and go on the offensive... 136 00:12:58,010 --> 00:12:59,717 ...in terms of gaining new sectors... 137 00:12:59,945 --> 00:13:02,289 ...and nationalizing new industries. 138 00:13:02,481 --> 00:13:04,927 We, the workers, are at our battle station,... 139 00:13:05,417 --> 00:13:09,422 ...our workplace, building the necessary elements... 140 00:13:09,588 --> 00:13:13,263 ...to defend ourselves against any attack by fascism,... 141 00:13:13,459 --> 00:13:16,167 ...or any further attempts by the armed forces... 142 00:13:16,362 --> 00:13:17,898 ...to overthrow the government. 143 00:13:18,164 --> 00:13:22,704 We believe we must strengthen our battle station... 144 00:13:22,902 --> 00:13:24,813 ...which is, firstly, here in the industries... 145 00:13:27,039 --> 00:13:30,509 At the same time, all forms of popular power are strengthened... 146 00:13:30,676 --> 00:13:33,088 ...especially the industrial belts. 147 00:13:33,579 --> 00:13:36,685 Each belt is a group of factories and companies... 148 00:13:36,882 --> 00:13:39,692 ...which coordinates the tasks of workers in the same zone. 149 00:13:40,953 --> 00:13:42,660 In the country's main cities,... 150 00:13:42,888 --> 00:13:45,425 ...31 industrial belts have been set up. 151 00:13:45,658 --> 00:13:48,229 8 of these are in Santiago. 152 00:13:48,427 --> 00:13:50,600 - Who do you represent? - The "Macul" belt. 153 00:13:51,163 --> 00:13:52,801 - And you? - The "Macul" belt. 154 00:13:52,998 --> 00:13:54,944 - And you? - The "Cerrillos-Maip" belt. 155 00:13:55,167 --> 00:13:57,169 - And you? - The "Cerrillos" belt. 156 00:13:57,469 --> 00:13:59,380 - And you? - The "Vicua Mackenna" belt. 157 00:13:59,605 --> 00:14:01,209 - And you? - The "Vicua Mackenna" belt. 158 00:14:01,440 --> 00:14:03,078 - And you? - The "O'Higgins" belt. 159 00:14:03,576 --> 00:14:05,146 - And you? - The Christian Left. 160 00:14:05,578 --> 00:14:07,080 The Radical Party Union. 161 00:14:09,215 --> 00:14:12,594 The government, with the support of the belts,... 162 00:14:12,818 --> 00:14:15,662 ...puts some strategically important factories... 163 00:14:15,888 --> 00:14:18,300 ...under legal State control. 164 00:14:18,490 --> 00:14:22,302 As we all know,... 165 00:14:22,795 --> 00:14:26,572 ...fascist groups tried to overthrow the Government... 166 00:14:26,799 --> 00:14:29,473 ...and there are still repercussions from that. 167 00:14:29,902 --> 00:14:33,873 There is still a latent danger against a process... 168 00:14:34,073 --> 00:14:37,054 ...which the working class began and has taken in hand. 169 00:14:38,310 --> 00:14:40,654 It has been resolved that,... 170 00:14:40,880 --> 00:14:45,454 ...given that the packaging and aluminum company Alusa... 171 00:14:45,651 --> 00:14:47,824 ...has suspended delivery of its products... 172 00:14:48,020 --> 00:14:51,695 ...which constitutes an obstruction to distribution,... 173 00:14:51,924 --> 00:14:55,428 ...and in view of the Supreme Decree no. 338... 174 00:14:55,628 --> 00:14:59,974 ...and Law no. 16,464, I resolve,... 175 00:15:00,733 --> 00:15:04,579 ...firstly, the use of the industrial establishment... 176 00:15:04,803 --> 00:15:06,282 ...is hereby requisitioned,... 177 00:15:06,538 --> 00:15:08,484 ...along with machines and other elements... 178 00:15:08,741 --> 00:15:11,017 ...necessary for the production and/or distribution... 179 00:15:11,243 --> 00:15:12,984 ...of the Alusa factory. 180 00:15:17,549 --> 00:15:21,361 On July 2, the law on the State of Emergency proposed by Allende... 181 00:15:21,553 --> 00:15:23,533 ...is submitted to Parliament. 182 00:15:23,856 --> 00:15:28,100 This law would grant the President special powers. 183 00:15:28,193 --> 00:15:30,833 With them, the President would be able to appoint, transfer and dismiss... 184 00:15:31,096 --> 00:15:33,372 ...whatever military leaders he thought advisable. 185 00:15:34,533 --> 00:15:37,241 The floor is open to speakers. 186 00:15:38,337 --> 00:15:40,010 The debate is over. 187 00:15:44,310 --> 00:15:46,085 During the three previous governments,... 188 00:15:46,278 --> 00:15:50,021 ...the State of Emergency had been authorized twice. 189 00:15:53,118 --> 00:15:56,588 Those deputies who reject the proposal, raise their hands. 190 00:16:03,395 --> 00:16:06,171 The State of Emergency, the chief legal instrument... 191 00:16:06,365 --> 00:16:09,209 ...for extreme situations, is not authorized. 192 00:16:10,436 --> 00:16:12,712 Result of the vote. 193 00:16:14,673 --> 00:16:17,882 The number of votes in favor, 52. 194 00:16:18,110 --> 00:16:20,590 The number of votes against, 81. 195 00:16:20,779 --> 00:16:23,225 The Executive's proposal is rejected. 196 00:16:24,917 --> 00:16:28,558 The Executive's initiative doesn't convince Parliament. 197 00:16:28,887 --> 00:16:31,663 The opposition parties think it unjustified... 198 00:16:31,857 --> 00:16:34,201 ...to grant Allende special powers. 199 00:16:42,001 --> 00:16:46,450 On July 2, the same day as Congress rejects the State of Emergency,... 200 00:16:46,572 --> 00:16:49,815 ...navy officers order their troops to carry out a raid in Valparaíso. 201 00:16:50,342 --> 00:16:53,186 A law on weapons control passed the previous year... 202 00:16:53,445 --> 00:16:55,891 ...enables the military... 203 00:16:56,081 --> 00:16:58,357 ...to carry out searches for weapons... 204 00:16:58,550 --> 00:17:01,394 ...without a judicial order or government authorization. 205 00:17:02,554 --> 00:17:05,831 Despite increasing terrorist action by the extreme right... 206 00:17:05,991 --> 00:17:10,133 ...this law has never before been enforced by the military. 207 00:17:15,167 --> 00:17:18,341 Each raid includes besieging the factory,... 208 00:17:18,570 --> 00:17:20,516 ...the temporary detention of the workers,... 209 00:17:20,706 --> 00:17:22,652 ...and their interrogation. 210 00:17:22,908 --> 00:17:24,910 Thus, without overstepping the law,... 211 00:17:25,144 --> 00:17:30,059 ...some officers start to act against factory employees and workers. 212 00:17:30,949 --> 00:17:34,021 In this first raid no weapons are found. 213 00:17:41,960 --> 00:17:45,908 Chile is suffering the aggression of North American imperialism,... 214 00:17:46,865 --> 00:17:49,175 ...of a sector of the oligarchy,... 215 00:17:49,835 --> 00:17:53,339 ...which in October 1970 joined with ITT and the CIA... 216 00:17:53,572 --> 00:17:55,347 ...to overthrow this Government. 217 00:17:55,641 --> 00:17:58,781 They want to repeat... 218 00:17:59,912 --> 00:18:02,449 ...a stupid attempt of that kind. 219 00:18:03,182 --> 00:18:05,526 So the present struggle... 220 00:18:05,918 --> 00:18:08,592 ...has a patriotic and national character. 221 00:18:09,154 --> 00:18:12,761 Chile has got every right to govern itself... 222 00:18:13,158 --> 00:18:16,401 ...in accordance with the will of its people. 223 00:18:17,162 --> 00:18:19,369 At the same time,... 224 00:18:19,531 --> 00:18:23,240 ...a series of revolutionary transformations is in process, 225 00:18:23,535 --> 00:18:26,277 ...the aim of which is to open the way... 226 00:18:26,438 --> 00:18:28,076 ...to a socialist society. 227 00:18:28,340 --> 00:18:30,445 Faced with the threat of a coup,... 228 00:18:30,642 --> 00:18:32,986 ...the Communist Party and a sector of the left... 229 00:18:33,178 --> 00:18:35,283 ...agree with President Allende's ideas. 230 00:18:35,681 --> 00:18:37,922 An armed confrontation must be avoided... 231 00:18:38,150 --> 00:18:40,858 ...in what are unfavorable conditions. 232 00:18:41,286 --> 00:18:44,165 Therefore, this sector decides to get the support... 233 00:18:44,323 --> 00:18:47,770 ...of the officers who respect the democratic system. 234 00:18:48,393 --> 00:18:51,533 In the political area, both Allende and this sector... 235 00:18:51,663 --> 00:18:55,042 ...want a minimum agreement with the Christian Democracy. 236 00:18:55,868 --> 00:18:58,906 The objective being to reinforce the government's stability... 237 00:18:59,104 --> 00:19:01,607 ...and create a strong front against a civil war. 238 00:19:02,708 --> 00:19:05,917 They've carried out a campaign these last days. 239 00:19:06,145 --> 00:19:08,955 A campaign in which they are trying to show... 240 00:19:09,181 --> 00:19:12,526 ...that the Popular Government is an illegal government. 241 00:19:12,918 --> 00:19:15,694 I want to ask Mr. Victor García Garzena... 242 00:19:16,188 --> 00:19:18,065 ...what is the National Party's opinion... 243 00:19:18,323 --> 00:19:19,961 ...of the rebellion of June 29... 244 00:19:20,225 --> 00:19:24,503 ...which ended in the death of over 20 innocent people. 245 00:19:24,897 --> 00:19:26,808 I want to know their opinion,... 246 00:19:27,032 --> 00:19:28,807 ...because the paper "La Tribuna",... 247 00:19:29,001 --> 00:19:33,211 ...on the day after that event, said that it was a show. 248 00:19:33,372 --> 00:19:36,285 And while the seditious attack was taking place,... 249 00:19:36,508 --> 00:19:38,351 ...the radio station "Agriculture"... 250 00:19:38,577 --> 00:19:40,579 ...was broadcasting declarations such as,... 251 00:19:40,846 --> 00:19:43,156 ..."This is the day so many Chileans longed for.",... 252 00:19:43,348 --> 00:19:45,294 ..."The armed forces are confronting... 253 00:19:45,517 --> 00:19:47,656 ...this totalitarian, Marxist government",... 254 00:19:47,853 --> 00:19:50,732 ...and other similar remarks. 255 00:19:50,989 --> 00:19:52,969 That is a political crime. 256 00:19:53,158 --> 00:19:55,365 That is an attack against our people. 257 00:19:55,594 --> 00:19:58,541 The most serious attack against democracy... 258 00:19:58,730 --> 00:20:00,073 ...and the constitutional regime... 259 00:20:00,299 --> 00:20:02,176 ...which they claim to defend. 260 00:20:02,334 --> 00:20:05,440 This gentleman was already jailed in 1967... 261 00:20:05,704 --> 00:20:07,911 ...by the Christian Democrat government,... 262 00:20:08,140 --> 00:20:10,848 ...for seditious actions on behalf of the National Party. 263 00:20:12,678 --> 00:20:16,285 Good evening to all our television viewers. 264 00:20:16,915 --> 00:20:19,828 As you have all seen and heard,... 265 00:20:21,320 --> 00:20:24,233 ...the young student... 266 00:20:25,157 --> 00:20:29,230 ...has described me as being seditious. 267 00:20:30,329 --> 00:20:33,640 But I ask you to look at him and look at me. 268 00:20:33,799 --> 00:20:36,405 Look at his life and look at mine. 269 00:20:37,102 --> 00:20:40,481 I don't know how the cameras haven't fallen with shame. 270 00:20:40,672 --> 00:20:41,844 That's the truth. 271 00:20:42,107 --> 00:20:44,451 He has devoted his life to revolution. 272 00:20:44,676 --> 00:20:48,123 He has worked at nothing else except revolution. 273 00:20:48,313 --> 00:20:52,125 And here am I, a man who has worked for 35 years,... 274 00:20:52,351 --> 00:20:55,423 ...who was a university professor for 25 years,... 275 00:20:55,554 --> 00:20:58,194 ...who has always earned his salary. 276 00:20:58,523 --> 00:21:02,596 And the young student says, "Look at the troublemaker". 277 00:21:02,828 --> 00:21:06,935 So, as it's quite ridiculous, I'll move on to other things. 278 00:21:07,165 --> 00:21:10,009 The regime can't work without virtues,... 279 00:21:10,135 --> 00:21:11,739 ...without republican virtues. 280 00:21:11,970 --> 00:21:14,610 That's my opinion, and everyone knows it. 281 00:21:14,806 --> 00:21:16,251 I've always practiced it. 282 00:21:16,475 --> 00:21:18,216 I don't condemn those who are desperate. 283 00:21:18,443 --> 00:21:21,481 I don't condemn people like the poor truck driver... 284 00:21:21,647 --> 00:21:25,094 ...who picks up a stone, and neither do I condemn... 285 00:21:25,317 --> 00:21:27,490 ...those people who clamor and who rebel. 286 00:21:27,786 --> 00:21:30,027 I don't support, and I never have,... 287 00:21:30,255 --> 00:21:31,529 ...any rebellion. 288 00:21:31,790 --> 00:21:34,361 I don't support coups or other escapades. 289 00:21:34,559 --> 00:21:36,561 But today, I fully understand... 290 00:21:36,762 --> 00:21:40,039 ...how an entire country cannot live at peace... 291 00:21:40,265 --> 00:21:43,542 ...when its most urgent and basic needs,... 292 00:21:43,735 --> 00:21:45,612 ...as we have heard here tonight,... 293 00:21:45,837 --> 00:21:47,373 ...can't be satisfied. 294 00:21:47,572 --> 00:21:49,449 He's just described himself. 295 00:21:50,275 --> 00:21:53,654 He has shown the seditious face,... 296 00:21:53,879 --> 00:21:56,951 ...the rebellious face of the National Party. 297 00:21:57,149 --> 00:22:00,062 And here you have the chief threat... 298 00:22:00,252 --> 00:22:01,663 ...to the constitutional regime... 299 00:22:01,920 --> 00:22:03,797 ...and the democracy you say you defend. 300 00:22:04,022 --> 00:22:07,765 Mr. Garcia Garzena has said, and the viewers heard him,... 301 00:22:07,926 --> 00:22:10,236 ...that he doesn't condemn... 302 00:22:10,462 --> 00:22:15,502 ...the rising of June 29, perpetrated by a unit... 303 00:22:15,867 --> 00:22:17,540 ...which undoubtedly was traitorous... 304 00:22:17,769 --> 00:22:19,407 ...to the pure tradition of our armed forces. 305 00:22:19,838 --> 00:22:22,910 He doesn't condemn the murder of over 22 people. 306 00:22:23,375 --> 00:22:25,184 He doesn't condemn it. Just the opposite. 307 00:22:25,377 --> 00:22:28,324 But he hasn't been frank enough here... 308 00:22:28,513 --> 00:22:30,652 ...to say he applauds it, as it was applauded... 309 00:22:30,882 --> 00:22:34,227 ...by his National Agricultural Society radio,... 310 00:22:34,553 --> 00:22:37,466 ...or as it was applauded by his paper, "La Tribuna",... 311 00:22:37,923 --> 00:22:40,767 ...which said the next day that it was a self-coup,... 312 00:22:40,959 --> 00:22:43,496 ...a show put on by the Popular Unity government. 313 00:22:43,695 --> 00:22:45,333 Repeat that here, sir! 314 00:22:45,497 --> 00:22:47,306 I didn't say I supported the uprising. 315 00:22:47,532 --> 00:22:49,205 Don't distort my words! 316 00:22:49,434 --> 00:22:51,380 Then make yourself clear. 317 00:22:51,636 --> 00:22:54,139 I've done that, and now I intend to ignore you! 318 00:22:54,373 --> 00:22:57,684 I want to explain to our television viewers... 319 00:22:58,210 --> 00:22:59,985 ...that our system... 320 00:23:00,212 --> 00:23:03,625 ...isn't one of class hatred or of any kind of struggle. 321 00:23:03,849 --> 00:23:06,022 It's what's called national integration. 322 00:23:06,251 --> 00:23:07,628 That's what we want. 323 00:23:07,886 --> 00:23:11,800 We want everyone to feel members of the same homeland. 324 00:23:12,023 --> 00:23:13,559 - Like in Uruguay. - So that we feel... 325 00:23:13,825 --> 00:23:16,305 - Why are you confusing me? - Or Bolivia. 326 00:23:16,595 --> 00:23:18,506 - Why mention other countries? - Or Brazil. 327 00:23:18,697 --> 00:23:19,937 You're like a Bolivian! 328 00:23:20,198 --> 00:23:23,441 Don't despair, Don Victor García. Don't get hysterical. 329 00:23:23,635 --> 00:23:25,012 Please, let me continue. 330 00:23:25,404 --> 00:23:26,815 These are the problems. 331 00:23:27,072 --> 00:23:29,609 What is the origin of the attacks... 332 00:23:29,841 --> 00:23:31,445 ...against democracy and freedom? 333 00:23:31,777 --> 00:23:34,053 Their aim is to prevent dialogue... 334 00:23:34,246 --> 00:23:36,954 ...and finally take us along the road to civil war. 335 00:23:37,182 --> 00:23:39,788 The road sought by Don Victor García Garzena,... 336 00:23:39,951 --> 00:23:42,522 ...that dove of peace whom we have seen here tonight,... 337 00:23:42,788 --> 00:23:47,533 ...who wants to set up a fascist dictatorship here,... 338 00:23:47,793 --> 00:23:50,069 ...like that of José María Bordaberry in Uruguay,... 339 00:23:50,328 --> 00:23:52,001 ...and, deny it if you can,... 340 00:23:52,197 --> 00:23:55,235 ...like those in Brazil and in Bolivia. Exactly that. 341 00:24:04,876 --> 00:24:08,824 On July 5, Salvador Allende forms a new cabinet... 342 00:24:09,047 --> 00:24:11,960 ...to tackle the crisis and create favorable conditions... 343 00:24:12,150 --> 00:24:14,323 ...for a dialogue with the Christian Democracy. 344 00:24:14,853 --> 00:24:18,960 He tries to incorporate a personality from that party. 345 00:24:20,826 --> 00:24:22,999 I know perfectly well... 346 00:24:23,228 --> 00:24:25,333 ...that revolutionary processes... 347 00:24:25,497 --> 00:24:27,602 ...shake up and convulse the people. 348 00:24:27,766 --> 00:24:29,973 But I also know that here,... 349 00:24:30,202 --> 00:24:32,580 ...we wanted to do, and are trying to do,... 350 00:24:32,771 --> 00:24:35,581 ...something that other peoples didn't manage. 351 00:24:35,774 --> 00:24:38,448 A revolution by different channels,... 352 00:24:38,643 --> 00:24:41,556 ...in accordance with our history, our tradition,... 353 00:24:41,713 --> 00:24:43,283 ...and our reality. 354 00:24:43,548 --> 00:24:45,824 I hope that we may be capable... 355 00:24:45,984 --> 00:24:48,430 ...of writing one more page... 356 00:24:48,687 --> 00:24:53,500 ...to show that Chile has its own creative will... 357 00:24:53,658 --> 00:24:55,501 ...and its noble decision... 358 00:24:55,694 --> 00:24:57,640 ...to make the homeland ever greater. 359 00:24:58,697 --> 00:25:00,404 Please take... 360 00:25:00,665 --> 00:25:02,440 ...the oaths of loyalty. 361 00:25:07,038 --> 00:25:10,110 Finally, let me clarify that I called the rector... 362 00:25:10,308 --> 00:25:12,948 ...of the Catholic University, Fernando Castillo,... 363 00:25:13,812 --> 00:25:17,259 ...and I asked him to form part of the cabinet. 364 00:25:17,415 --> 00:25:18,951 Regrettably,... 365 00:25:19,150 --> 00:25:21,960 ...he had obligations which I respected. 366 00:25:22,621 --> 00:25:24,567 I respected his reasons,... 367 00:25:24,789 --> 00:25:27,360 ...and even though he was most willing,... 368 00:25:27,659 --> 00:25:30,469 ...I couldn't have Fernando Castillo's collaboration. 369 00:25:30,795 --> 00:25:34,971 But I know the country can rely on his collaboration... 370 00:25:35,100 --> 00:25:36,704 ...in any circumstances. 371 00:25:37,002 --> 00:25:39,448 I wanted to inform you fully of this... 372 00:25:39,671 --> 00:25:42,880 ...and also to reiterate that I am confident... 373 00:25:43,074 --> 00:25:45,020 ...that we shall overcome the diff cult hours... 374 00:25:45,243 --> 00:25:47,189 ...with everyone's help. Thank you. 375 00:25:53,952 --> 00:25:58,423 Why has this split occurred when no one really wants it? 376 00:25:58,590 --> 00:26:01,127 In my opinion, it's because when the Popular Unity... 377 00:26:01,393 --> 00:26:03,873 ...sets out programs,... 378 00:26:05,030 --> 00:26:06,907 ...projects for Chile,... 379 00:26:07,198 --> 00:26:08,871 ...which could really mean... 380 00:26:09,100 --> 00:26:12,240 ...an accumulation of interest in that objective,... 381 00:26:12,437 --> 00:26:13,939 ...Popular Unity first says... 382 00:26:14,139 --> 00:26:17,712 ...Let's see who would supposedly be opposed to this. 383 00:26:17,809 --> 00:26:21,780 They look for all possible enemies, find them... 384 00:26:21,980 --> 00:26:24,051 ...and then set them up as a minority. 385 00:26:24,249 --> 00:26:27,594 But I think that all those great projects... 386 00:26:27,786 --> 00:26:31,199 ...for the transformation of our society... 387 00:26:31,823 --> 00:26:34,303 ...are projects which,... 388 00:26:34,526 --> 00:26:36,233 ...if sent out properly as a message,... 389 00:26:36,461 --> 00:26:40,432 ...seeking all those who can come together as a force... 390 00:26:40,632 --> 00:26:44,546 ...which is really working for Chile's objectives... 391 00:26:44,703 --> 00:26:47,650 ...are a government's most basic obligation. 392 00:26:50,609 --> 00:26:53,317 But, influenced by its more traditional wing,... 393 00:26:53,478 --> 00:26:56,459 ...the Christian Democrats will not, for now,... 394 00:26:56,648 --> 00:26:58,321 ...talk with the Government. 395 00:26:59,751 --> 00:27:02,960 Even so, Allende, a sector of the left,... 396 00:27:03,188 --> 00:27:06,192 ...and a sector of Christian Democrats will strive... 397 00:27:06,391 --> 00:27:09,770 ...for a dialogue to modify the correlation of forces... 398 00:27:09,961 --> 00:27:12,202 ...in case of a coup. 399 00:27:14,265 --> 00:27:17,303 We must call, comrades,... 400 00:27:17,502 --> 00:27:20,005 ...on the good sense and patriotism... 401 00:27:20,205 --> 00:27:22,378 ...of the sectors of the Christian Democracy... 402 00:27:22,574 --> 00:27:25,418 ...who think for themselves, and don't follow... 403 00:27:25,577 --> 00:27:27,818 ...the dictates of the Pentagon, the CIA,... 404 00:27:28,046 --> 00:27:30,117 ...and the Chilean capitalists,... 405 00:27:30,348 --> 00:27:32,123 ...so that they show their opposition... 406 00:27:32,384 --> 00:27:35,558 ...among the people, in the unions, everywhere... 407 00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:38,257 ...to the fascist, reactionary offensive. 408 00:27:38,456 --> 00:27:41,460 Because if fascism manages to win through,... 409 00:27:41,660 --> 00:27:45,107 ...they won't ask the copper worker if he's a communist,... 410 00:27:45,296 --> 00:27:47,298 ...if he's from MAPU, if he's a socialist,... 411 00:27:47,499 --> 00:27:49,843 ...or a Christian Democrat, when they repress him. 412 00:28:01,613 --> 00:28:06,460 On July 8, the marines carry out a raid in Valparaíso. 413 00:28:07,185 --> 00:28:08,323 That same day,... 414 00:28:08,386 --> 00:28:12,892 ...the Air Force occupy a cemetery in Santiago with 3 helicopters. 415 00:28:13,358 --> 00:28:17,238 200 soldiers search the graves and niches looking for weapons. 416 00:28:17,662 --> 00:28:20,302 In neither case is anything found. 417 00:28:29,841 --> 00:28:32,117 This is just incredible. 418 00:28:32,177 --> 00:28:35,181 Look at what they're doing, and it's going on every day! 419 00:28:35,413 --> 00:28:37,586 Why would anyone want to dig up the dead? 420 00:28:37,849 --> 00:28:40,728 The dead don't have bullets or anything. 421 00:28:40,885 --> 00:28:42,159 Why would they kill them? 422 00:28:42,420 --> 00:28:44,263 Imagine digging the poor things up! 423 00:28:44,456 --> 00:28:47,801 All they could do was throw their bones at them. 424 00:28:48,393 --> 00:28:51,499 So tomorrow, or even tonight, they'll send their planes. 425 00:28:51,563 --> 00:28:54,976 They'll kill us all, because we're defenseless here. 426 00:28:55,500 --> 00:28:57,878 - Should the people be armed? - Yes, of course! 427 00:28:58,136 --> 00:29:00,810 The government has to do that and very soon. 428 00:29:01,206 --> 00:29:05,313 They have to, or else it'll be impossible... 429 00:29:05,510 --> 00:29:07,114 We're his strength. 430 00:29:07,345 --> 00:29:11,816 Allende is the president because we voted for him. 431 00:29:12,016 --> 00:29:14,758 The rich will never be on our side. 432 00:29:14,986 --> 00:29:18,024 Whatever we have now, it's because of this government. 433 00:29:18,256 --> 00:29:20,327 Because we've never had anything. 434 00:29:20,959 --> 00:29:23,496 How could we not be grateful to the government? 435 00:29:23,695 --> 00:29:26,733 That's what we have to make those others understand. 436 00:29:27,232 --> 00:29:29,712 They aren't thinking straight and... 437 00:29:30,301 --> 00:29:35,683 They don't understand all that's being done. 438 00:29:35,874 --> 00:29:38,354 If you're out, moving around all day,... 439 00:29:38,543 --> 00:29:40,887 ...you see what they're doing for the workers. 440 00:29:41,746 --> 00:29:44,317 What must we do to defend this government? 441 00:29:44,582 --> 00:29:46,528 Unite, that's the first thing. 442 00:29:46,718 --> 00:29:48,254 And if they come with arms? 443 00:29:48,486 --> 00:29:51,524 We should have arms too, to defend ourselves. 444 00:29:51,790 --> 00:29:54,134 That's what everyone here thinks. 445 00:29:54,325 --> 00:29:56,771 Nobody in this camp has got a weapon. 446 00:29:57,328 --> 00:30:00,172 And you can't do anything with your hands or with sticks. 447 00:30:00,398 --> 00:30:03,504 If they come with arms, you can't do anything. 448 00:30:04,469 --> 00:30:08,178 The workers have got their defense organizations. 449 00:30:08,373 --> 00:30:12,651 There are brigades which can be mobilized at any moment. 450 00:30:12,944 --> 00:30:15,083 But there are no popular elements... 451 00:30:15,313 --> 00:30:16,792 ...to defend the factories,... 452 00:30:17,048 --> 00:30:19,324 ...nor are there even any popular elements... 453 00:30:19,584 --> 00:30:20,927 ...to mobilize workers... 454 00:30:21,186 --> 00:30:23,996 ...in any formation for combat or street fighting... 455 00:30:24,155 --> 00:30:28,228 ...against any military sectors or fascist sectors... 456 00:30:28,493 --> 00:30:30,234 ...which have those elements. 457 00:30:31,396 --> 00:30:38,712 We want a popular militia! 458 00:30:41,639 --> 00:30:45,143 On July 12, the Socialist Party states its position... 459 00:30:45,343 --> 00:30:47,516 ...as regards the threatened coup. 460 00:30:47,779 --> 00:30:51,420 The soldiers, marines, airmen and policemen... 461 00:30:51,649 --> 00:30:55,222 ...cannot lend themselves at any time... 462 00:30:55,420 --> 00:30:57,764 ...or under any circumstance... 463 00:30:57,956 --> 00:30:59,765 ...to murder workers. 464 00:31:00,191 --> 00:31:04,401 And if it should happen that some officers rebel,... 465 00:31:04,762 --> 00:31:07,140 ...the officers, warrant officers,... 466 00:31:07,332 --> 00:31:08,743 ...N.C.O.s and soldiers... 467 00:31:08,967 --> 00:31:11,504 ...are not under any obligation... 468 00:31:11,703 --> 00:31:14,047 ...to obey them. 469 00:31:14,305 --> 00:31:16,046 To be even clearer,... 470 00:31:16,241 --> 00:31:19,586 ...not only is it their duty to refuse to obey orders... 471 00:31:19,811 --> 00:31:22,121 ...which would mean firing on the people,... 472 00:31:22,580 --> 00:31:25,060 ...or to participate in attempted coups... 473 00:31:25,250 --> 00:31:27,127 ...against the workers' government,... 474 00:31:27,352 --> 00:31:30,959 ...they must also actively oppose them. 475 00:31:31,589 --> 00:31:36,402 The bourgeoisie must understand quite clearly... 476 00:31:36,661 --> 00:31:39,039 ...that it cannot act with impunity. 477 00:31:39,264 --> 00:31:41,608 Every subversive action,... 478 00:31:41,766 --> 00:31:44,838 ...every attack on Chile and its government... 479 00:31:45,036 --> 00:31:49,507 ...will invariably be answered by the workers... 480 00:31:49,674 --> 00:31:51,847 ...using every method... 481 00:31:52,110 --> 00:31:54,818 ...with all the resources which may be necessary. 482 00:31:55,780 --> 00:31:58,260 Our party thinks... 483 00:31:58,549 --> 00:32:02,759 ...that the seizing of companies,... 484 00:32:03,521 --> 00:32:05,694 ...factories, lands,... 485 00:32:05,924 --> 00:32:09,133 ...is a legitimate response by the working class... 486 00:32:09,294 --> 00:32:10,932 ...and the workers... 487 00:32:11,229 --> 00:32:15,609 ...to the seditious, mutinous attitude of the right. 488 00:32:15,867 --> 00:32:19,178 We have said that every step in this reaction... 489 00:32:19,404 --> 00:32:21,350 ...must be thought out. 490 00:32:22,006 --> 00:32:24,816 I'd like to know the party's position... 491 00:32:25,009 --> 00:32:27,319 ...as regards the raids by the military... 492 00:32:27,545 --> 00:32:30,685 ...in our factories looking for arms. 493 00:32:31,482 --> 00:32:35,862 I take it as an offense against our class... 494 00:32:36,354 --> 00:32:38,265 ...because I think that if the workers... 495 00:32:38,523 --> 00:32:40,332 ...were ever to take up arms at any time,... 496 00:32:40,591 --> 00:32:42,867 ...it would be to defend their government. 497 00:32:43,461 --> 00:32:47,568 So could you, as a lawyer and as a jurist,... 498 00:32:47,865 --> 00:32:51,210 ...tell us when it is legal... 499 00:32:52,170 --> 00:32:54,343 ...and when it is illegal? 500 00:32:54,572 --> 00:32:55,983 There's a problem here. 501 00:32:56,307 --> 00:32:58,583 We could be acting illegally... 502 00:32:58,843 --> 00:33:01,084 ...in trying to defend the workers' government... 503 00:33:01,279 --> 00:33:02,883 ...as workers ourselves... 504 00:33:03,147 --> 00:33:06,458 ...if we took the precaution of acquiring a weapon. 505 00:33:07,118 --> 00:33:09,462 I think that the people to defend its government... 506 00:33:09,687 --> 00:33:12,725 ...should use all the means available. 507 00:33:20,965 --> 00:33:23,002 The problem of arms becomes tied in... 508 00:33:23,234 --> 00:33:25,305 ...with that of the occupation of companies. 509 00:33:25,570 --> 00:33:27,140 For a sector of Popular Unity,... 510 00:33:27,405 --> 00:33:29,112 ...led by the communists,... 511 00:33:29,340 --> 00:33:31,411 ...the indiscriminate expropriation of factories... 512 00:33:31,642 --> 00:33:34,919 ...only damages the government's legal image. 513 00:33:36,447 --> 00:33:39,951 But for the other sector, led by the Socialist Party,... 514 00:33:40,151 --> 00:33:43,894 ...the occupation of industries is a useful form of mobilization... 515 00:33:44,022 --> 00:33:46,366 ...which helps prepare and organize the coming struggle. 516 00:33:48,493 --> 00:33:54,774 For them, an armed clash with the right is inevitable,... 517 00:33:54,932 --> 00:33:57,037 ...and the only way to tackle a coup... 518 00:33:57,101 --> 00:34:00,173 ...is by organizing the masses and strengthening popular power,... 519 00:34:00,371 --> 00:34:02,908 ...especially in the industrial belts. 520 00:34:10,915 --> 00:34:14,055 Another task for today, comrades,... 521 00:34:14,318 --> 00:34:16,958 ...to control the reactionaries and to move forward... 522 00:34:17,221 --> 00:34:19,428 ...is the formation of industrial belts... 523 00:34:19,657 --> 00:34:21,068 ...all over the country. 524 00:34:21,426 --> 00:34:25,806 What is needed, comrades, is that our union leaders... 525 00:34:26,064 --> 00:34:29,511 ...look on this task as a priority for them. 526 00:34:29,700 --> 00:34:32,078 That comrades from other companies unite. 527 00:34:32,303 --> 00:34:35,716 That they should tell the leaders of other unions... 528 00:34:35,940 --> 00:34:38,216 ...of the need to connect with workers... 529 00:34:38,443 --> 00:34:40,684 ...from the next block, or from further away. 530 00:34:40,978 --> 00:34:42,514 And that way, comrades,... 531 00:34:42,713 --> 00:34:45,193 ...we shall build up that popular force... 532 00:34:45,516 --> 00:34:47,553 ...which is the basis for advancing,... 533 00:34:47,718 --> 00:34:49,527 ...and a rampart for repelling... 534 00:34:49,754 --> 00:34:51,563 ...reactionary attacks. 535 00:34:55,960 --> 00:34:57,439 On July 19,... 536 00:34:57,495 --> 00:35:00,135 ...the Arauco regiment occupy the Workers' Central... 537 00:35:00,398 --> 00:35:02,503 ...in the city of Osorno. 538 00:35:03,134 --> 00:35:04,340 The next day,... 539 00:35:04,602 --> 00:35:07,879 ...navy personnel carry out another raid in Concepción. 540 00:35:08,172 --> 00:35:10,584 In neither case are arms found. 541 00:35:12,243 --> 00:35:16,350 On July 12, the Revolutionary Left Movement, MIR,... 542 00:35:16,514 --> 00:35:18,221 ...from outside Popular Unity,... 543 00:35:18,416 --> 00:35:20,089 ...states its position. 544 00:35:21,252 --> 00:35:23,732 Throughout the entire country,... 545 00:35:23,888 --> 00:35:26,835 ...a single cry is heard echoing in the factories,... 546 00:35:27,024 --> 00:35:29,061 ...estates, towns, and schools,... 547 00:35:29,260 --> 00:35:31,137 ...in the bastions of the people. 548 00:35:31,362 --> 00:35:33,000 The call to create,... 549 00:35:33,264 --> 00:35:36,643 ...to create, strengthen and increase popular power,... 550 00:35:36,868 --> 00:35:39,371 ...the power of the community commandoes,... 551 00:35:39,537 --> 00:35:42,245 ...the power of the workers and the peasants. 552 00:35:42,707 --> 00:35:45,415 The revolutionaries and the workers... 553 00:35:45,610 --> 00:35:47,817 ...must immediately extend... 554 00:35:48,045 --> 00:35:50,116 ...the seizure of factories and estates,... 555 00:35:50,314 --> 00:35:52,794 ...increase defense preparations,... 556 00:35:52,984 --> 00:35:57,399 ...promote popular power as local government,... 557 00:35:57,622 --> 00:36:00,193 ...independent of the powers of state. 558 00:36:00,391 --> 00:36:03,031 The warrant officers and policemen... 559 00:36:03,194 --> 00:36:07,336 ...must disobey the orders of fascist officers,... 560 00:36:07,665 --> 00:36:09,576 ...and in that way... 561 00:36:11,269 --> 00:36:13,180 And in that way,... 562 00:36:13,437 --> 00:36:16,179 ...all forms of struggle will be legitimate! 563 00:36:16,440 --> 00:36:21,185 Then it really will be true that the workers,... 564 00:36:21,312 --> 00:36:25,192 along with the soldiers, the sailors, the police,... 565 00:36:25,383 --> 00:36:28,421 ...the warrant officers and the loyal officers,... 566 00:36:28,753 --> 00:36:32,462 ...will have the right to build their own army,... 567 00:36:32,623 --> 00:36:34,967 ...the people's army! 568 00:37:01,419 --> 00:37:05,492 On July 19, the workers from the Vicua-Mackenna industrial belt... 569 00:37:05,723 --> 00:37:07,930 ...occupy the main road in their area. 570 00:37:09,694 --> 00:37:11,935 Why are you occupying the road? 571 00:37:12,129 --> 00:37:14,632 It's in support of our comrades... 572 00:37:14,932 --> 00:37:16,878 ...who were evicted from the ICMETAL factory. 573 00:37:17,168 --> 00:37:19,011 Will any government representative be coming? 574 00:37:19,237 --> 00:37:23,310 We hope some authority will come and solve the problem. 575 00:37:23,741 --> 00:37:26,347 The day before, workers from the Cerrillos belt... 576 00:37:26,544 --> 00:37:28,785 ...had carried out a similar action. 577 00:37:29,113 --> 00:37:31,923 The protest by this sector is directed against government attempts... 578 00:37:32,116 --> 00:37:33,789 ...to hand back some industries... 579 00:37:34,051 --> 00:37:36,122 ...to facilitate a possible minimum agreement... 580 00:37:36,320 --> 00:37:37,993 ...with the Christian Democracy. 581 00:37:38,489 --> 00:37:40,662 The contradictions among the left... 582 00:37:40,925 --> 00:37:42,905 ...about what strategy to use against the coup... 583 00:37:43,127 --> 00:37:44,731 ...explode publicly. 584 00:37:48,532 --> 00:37:50,068 At 11:30,... 585 00:37:50,268 --> 00:37:53,272 ...the police chief orders the road to be cleared. 586 00:38:25,102 --> 00:38:28,640 The police can only advance to the first barricade. 587 00:38:28,839 --> 00:38:32,446 Beyond that are 4,000 workers positioned along four miles. 588 00:39:08,245 --> 00:39:11,158 At 11:45, the mayor of Santiago arrives. 589 00:39:11,282 --> 00:39:15,890 He is Allende's representative in the province. 590 00:39:16,821 --> 00:39:18,596 You wait here. 591 00:39:27,331 --> 00:39:30,540 His mission is to end the confrontation. 592 00:39:32,770 --> 00:39:36,183 Please inform the Chief that on my instructions... 593 00:39:36,374 --> 00:39:37,944 ...nothing is to be moved here... 594 00:39:38,142 --> 00:39:40,281 ...and you are to pull back two blocks. 595 00:39:42,646 --> 00:39:44,523 So pull back the police forces,... 596 00:39:44,749 --> 00:39:47,958 ...preferably beyond Matta Avenue. 597 00:39:48,152 --> 00:39:50,826 Tell the Prefect that it's on my instructions. Thank you. 598 00:39:53,557 --> 00:39:55,559 The police have to withdraw. 599 00:39:55,760 --> 00:39:57,762 But the problem of occupied factories... 600 00:39:57,995 --> 00:39:59,406 ...continues to be debated... 601 00:39:59,630 --> 00:40:01,769 ...with the presence of TUC delegates. 602 00:40:04,235 --> 00:40:07,444 The TUC setup... 603 00:40:07,772 --> 00:40:09,683 ...a commission... 604 00:40:09,940 --> 00:40:12,216 ...to look at the cases of the industries... 605 00:40:12,443 --> 00:40:14,650 ...which are in the hands of the workers. 606 00:40:16,380 --> 00:40:21,853 That commission is studying those problems today... 607 00:40:21,986 --> 00:40:24,023 ...through the corresponding institutions,... 608 00:40:24,255 --> 00:40:27,429 ...CORFO and the Ministry of Economy. 609 00:40:28,492 --> 00:40:31,701 There's one thing we must have very clear. 610 00:40:31,896 --> 00:40:36,743 There are a lot of industries which have been taken over. 611 00:40:36,934 --> 00:40:40,575 In Santiago, a huge number of industries have been taken over,... 612 00:40:40,805 --> 00:40:43,752 ...but not all of them can be nationalized... 613 00:40:44,141 --> 00:40:45,950 ...for a variety of reasons. 614 00:40:46,143 --> 00:40:48,817 What's more, when the TUC issued the call... 615 00:40:49,647 --> 00:40:51,149 ...to take over the industries... 616 00:40:51,348 --> 00:40:53,589 ...in the case of any attempted coup,... 617 00:40:53,851 --> 00:40:57,731 ...that meant, in times of crisis,... 618 00:40:57,888 --> 00:41:00,027 ...stopping fascist activity. 619 00:41:00,257 --> 00:41:04,467 But it didn't mean that, indiscriminately,... 620 00:41:04,695 --> 00:41:07,733 ...all kinds of industries are going to be nationalized. 621 00:41:07,998 --> 00:41:10,638 There are some problems there too... 622 00:41:10,835 --> 00:41:14,339 ...with industries which are totally unfinanced,... 623 00:41:14,638 --> 00:41:18,279 ...and if the State takes them over... 624 00:41:18,509 --> 00:41:21,115 ...it's really just taking over a dead weight. 625 00:41:21,378 --> 00:41:24,291 And that can't be. 626 00:41:24,882 --> 00:41:28,261 So this is what has been discussed... 627 00:41:28,385 --> 00:41:30,729 ...with our fellow workers in those industries... 628 00:41:30,788 --> 00:41:32,495 ...who would be affected. 629 00:41:32,990 --> 00:41:37,370 What we want is a decision from TUC, and soon. 630 00:41:37,561 --> 00:41:39,598 It can be good or bad, but we want a decision,... 631 00:41:39,663 --> 00:41:41,836 ...so that the TUC doesn't just become an antibody... 632 00:41:42,032 --> 00:41:43,739 ...in the bosom of the workers. 633 00:41:44,835 --> 00:41:48,248 The problem is that there are other reasons here. 634 00:41:48,739 --> 00:41:53,119 For instance, what about the companies with Swiss capital? 635 00:41:54,011 --> 00:41:56,855 There's a problem... 636 00:41:58,015 --> 00:42:01,189 There's a problem of international relations. 637 00:42:01,986 --> 00:42:04,865 What do international relations have to do... 638 00:42:05,089 --> 00:42:06,693 ...with the problems of the workers? 639 00:42:06,924 --> 00:42:08,494 A lot! 640 00:42:08,726 --> 00:42:11,070 Because the Swiss government... 641 00:42:11,262 --> 00:42:15,369 ...is one of the chief members of the "Club de Paris",... 642 00:42:15,566 --> 00:42:17,568 ...where Chile's external debt... 643 00:42:17,868 --> 00:42:20,474 ...is discussed and renegotiated. 644 00:42:20,704 --> 00:42:24,345 You all know that after this government came in... 645 00:42:24,542 --> 00:42:26,783 ...and nationalized copper, for example,... 646 00:42:26,977 --> 00:42:29,457 ...there was a Yankee boycott... 647 00:42:29,680 --> 00:42:32,183 ...and the country doesn't have the foreign exchange... 648 00:42:32,349 --> 00:42:33,885 ...or the credits it used to have. 649 00:42:34,151 --> 00:42:37,758 So that is all renegotiated in the "Club de Paris",... 650 00:42:38,322 --> 00:42:42,668 ...and Chile has to handle itself there... 651 00:42:43,260 --> 00:42:45,467 ...with a great deal of caution. 652 00:42:46,931 --> 00:42:50,242 We're not talking about international relations here. 653 00:42:50,301 --> 00:42:53,646 We want to nationalize the industries which interest us. 654 00:42:53,904 --> 00:42:56,510 And without accepting any compromises. 655 00:42:57,575 --> 00:43:00,419 All the things that you're explaining... 656 00:43:00,644 --> 00:43:02,248 ...about international affairs... 657 00:43:02,479 --> 00:43:05,619 ...won't be understood by the workers in general. 658 00:43:05,749 --> 00:43:09,287 You have to give them some more local reasons,... 659 00:43:09,520 --> 00:43:12,228 ...and use words that all of us here can understand. 660 00:43:12,523 --> 00:43:17,632 Can the workers disobey the TUC leaders? 661 00:43:18,862 --> 00:43:21,069 Well, I can answer that too. 662 00:43:21,332 --> 00:43:25,940 Yes, there are answers which are more local, more Chilean. 663 00:43:26,470 --> 00:43:30,247 Today, as you all know, comrades,... 664 00:43:30,407 --> 00:43:33,445 ...we, the working class, through this government,... 665 00:43:33,677 --> 00:43:35,315 ...have gained some power,... 666 00:43:35,546 --> 00:43:37,219 ...but we haven't gained all the power. 667 00:43:37,514 --> 00:43:40,120 The reactionaries want the forces of order,... 668 00:43:40,284 --> 00:43:42,093 ...whether police or army,... 669 00:43:42,319 --> 00:43:43,889 ...to have a confrontation with the workers... 670 00:43:44,121 --> 00:43:45,566 ...which will occur... 671 00:43:45,856 --> 00:43:49,429 ...if the workers don't obey central management... 672 00:43:49,660 --> 00:43:51,936 ...but take justice into their own hands... 673 00:43:52,162 --> 00:43:55,871 ...and have a confrontation with the police and army. 674 00:43:56,133 --> 00:44:00,240 And then the right accuses the government... 675 00:44:00,437 --> 00:44:04,078 ...that there's no discipline and that there's no authority. 676 00:44:04,308 --> 00:44:06,310 And we're just a step away... 677 00:44:06,543 --> 00:44:09,285 ...from the President being impeached,... 678 00:44:09,513 --> 00:44:10,958 ...because that's what they want. 679 00:44:12,116 --> 00:44:14,062 But the thing is,... 680 00:44:14,284 --> 00:44:16,161 ...we can see everything clearly too. 681 00:44:16,453 --> 00:44:19,991 They asked us, the workers, to get organized... 682 00:44:20,124 --> 00:44:22,070 ...and to set up the industrial belts... 683 00:44:22,226 --> 00:44:24,206 ...and to get organized on all fronts. 684 00:44:24,361 --> 00:44:27,899 We organized ourselves on the neighborhood fronts,... 685 00:44:28,132 --> 00:44:31,238 ...on the workers' fronts and in the trade unions. 686 00:44:31,435 --> 00:44:34,177 We organized ourselves in the industrial belts. 687 00:44:34,371 --> 00:44:36,783 And we're still hearing the same old story. 688 00:44:36,974 --> 00:44:39,921 It isn't the time, there's a legislative power... 689 00:44:40,110 --> 00:44:41,214 ...and a judicial power. 690 00:44:41,445 --> 00:44:43,083 They asked us to organize... 691 00:44:43,280 --> 00:44:45,760 ...from the people up to the highest level,... 692 00:44:45,916 --> 00:44:48,260 ...and that's what we've done. 693 00:44:48,452 --> 00:44:53,162 But the President still keeps asking us to stay calm,... 694 00:44:53,357 --> 00:44:56,804 ...to keep acting this way and to keep organizing. Why? 695 00:44:56,960 --> 00:44:59,804 Why is there this fear that we, the workers,... 696 00:44:59,997 --> 00:45:03,206 ...and all the people, will call a general strike... 697 00:45:03,400 --> 00:45:06,745 ...and ask the President, like any executive power,... 698 00:45:06,937 --> 00:45:10,441 ...to decide once and for all what their battle plan is? 699 00:45:10,607 --> 00:45:14,419 What is the plan they have for us to fight the right? 700 00:45:14,611 --> 00:45:20,027 And if it's necessary to have a plebiscite... 701 00:45:20,184 --> 00:45:22,528 ...as those on the right are demanding,... 702 00:45:22,720 --> 00:45:26,133 ...we'll have it from the people up to the highest level 703 00:45:26,290 --> 00:45:30,033 and I assure you that we'll win from here to Rancagua. 704 00:45:30,227 --> 00:45:32,833 We've got organization inside the camps,... 705 00:45:33,030 --> 00:45:35,442 ...the industrial belts and the unions. 706 00:45:35,499 --> 00:45:39,970 And the TUC still carries on, asking us to keep calm,... 707 00:45:40,137 --> 00:45:41,980 ...saying we can't do such-and-such... 708 00:45:42,139 --> 00:45:43,345 ...because this belongs to Queen Elizabeth,... 709 00:45:43,540 --> 00:45:44,712 ...or that belongs to Switzerland. 710 00:45:44,908 --> 00:45:47,821 They just keep making things up. 711 00:45:47,978 --> 00:45:51,551 The truth is, the people are getting tired. 712 00:45:51,715 --> 00:45:53,388 This is all bureaucracy! 713 00:45:53,550 --> 00:45:56,224 We're fighting bureaucracy amongst ourselves. 714 00:45:56,353 --> 00:45:58,890 Within our own defenses, within our own unions,... 715 00:45:59,056 --> 00:46:01,297 ...within our own power like the TUC,... 716 00:46:01,458 --> 00:46:04,132 ...we still have bureaucracy. Until when? 717 00:46:04,294 --> 00:46:07,298 What I want to know is if you have confidence or not... 718 00:46:07,531 --> 00:46:09,135 ...in popular power. 719 00:46:09,299 --> 00:46:11,472 Does the TUC not have faith in those workers... 720 00:46:11,668 --> 00:46:15,377 ...who marched past comrade Allende on Friday... 721 00:46:15,606 --> 00:46:17,745 ...to shout their support for him? 722 00:46:17,875 --> 00:46:21,550 Does the President not have faith in our organizations? 723 00:46:21,745 --> 00:46:24,988 Do the deputies up there not have faith in us? 724 00:46:25,215 --> 00:46:26,751 They sit and do nothing. 725 00:46:26,950 --> 00:46:28,759 And what about the senators? 726 00:46:28,952 --> 00:46:32,365 Instead of fighting for the cause,... 727 00:46:32,523 --> 00:46:34,230 ...instead of doing something for the workers,... 728 00:46:34,424 --> 00:46:36,233 ...whenever the right wing deputies appear... 729 00:46:36,426 --> 00:46:39,873 ...they all keep quiet. I think we've had enough! 730 00:46:40,030 --> 00:46:43,534 There's a reason that we're meeting here tonight. 731 00:46:43,734 --> 00:46:46,214 It's to ask the government to expropriate... 732 00:46:46,336 --> 00:46:48,748 ...the greatest number of factories. 733 00:46:48,939 --> 00:46:51,579 And we'll let the right have the ones that are of no use. 734 00:46:51,775 --> 00:46:55,416 If the government can't take on those dead weights,... 735 00:46:55,612 --> 00:46:58,616 ...the right can do it, and we'll keep fighting. 736 00:46:58,849 --> 00:47:02,888 You go to the market and see all the black market stuff. 737 00:47:03,086 --> 00:47:05,066 And they still ask us to stay calm. 738 00:47:05,222 --> 00:47:08,226 Until when? We're sick of all this. 739 00:47:26,143 --> 00:47:28,817 Do you not know the class composition... 740 00:47:28,979 --> 00:47:31,653 ...that exists today in the armed forces? 741 00:47:32,049 --> 00:47:35,553 Don't you know that the majority of officers... 742 00:47:35,786 --> 00:47:37,766 ...are in favor of the coup? 743 00:47:37,921 --> 00:47:39,628 Because here, comrades,... 744 00:47:39,790 --> 00:47:44,762 ...power isn't achieved only through good organization. 745 00:47:45,796 --> 00:47:48,402 There is good organization. 746 00:47:48,599 --> 00:47:51,273 But we also need to have some weight... 747 00:47:51,435 --> 00:47:55,577 ...to counter-balance the real power of the reactionaries. 748 00:47:55,772 --> 00:47:59,049 And that's why in the Trades Union Council... 749 00:47:59,176 --> 00:48:01,952 ...we're talking about protection committees. 750 00:48:02,179 --> 00:48:04,352 And what are protection committees? 751 00:48:04,548 --> 00:48:07,119 Protection committees for production industries... 752 00:48:07,417 --> 00:48:10,796 ...and also protection committees for the war. 753 00:48:11,154 --> 00:48:15,625 They're things we can't talk about or give details on... 754 00:48:15,826 --> 00:48:17,703 ...because we mustn't make that mistake. 755 00:48:17,895 --> 00:48:20,398 But we, the workers, have to be prepared... 756 00:48:20,564 --> 00:48:22,840 ...to go into battle on all fronts. 757 00:48:23,100 --> 00:48:26,513 And the TUC is involved in that struggle today. 758 00:48:26,937 --> 00:48:29,850 I accept that there are differences, comrades. 759 00:48:30,374 --> 00:48:35,380 But the problem arises when there is a desire... 760 00:48:35,612 --> 00:48:38,491 ...for organizations which follow a direction... 761 00:48:38,649 --> 00:48:41,220 ...parallel to the workers' organization. 762 00:48:41,418 --> 00:48:43,489 That's where problems start. 763 00:48:43,720 --> 00:48:49,068 And so I admit that here there are many comrades... 764 00:48:49,226 --> 00:48:52,696 ...who ask questions, not with any ill intention,... 765 00:48:52,896 --> 00:48:55,240 ...but there are things which have to be discussed... 766 00:48:55,465 --> 00:48:57,172 ...in much greater depth. 767 00:48:57,367 --> 00:49:00,371 You can't just unfoundedly catalogue... 768 00:49:00,637 --> 00:49:02,344 ...such-and-such an organization,... 769 00:49:02,572 --> 00:49:05,178 ...or such-and-such a leader, as having some defect. 770 00:49:05,442 --> 00:49:09,254 I believe that we all make up the organizations,... 771 00:49:09,479 --> 00:49:12,426 ...and we all have some degree of responsibility. 772 00:49:12,649 --> 00:49:14,890 And you have your organization... 773 00:49:15,085 --> 00:49:17,531 ...for setting out this kind of problem. 774 00:49:17,754 --> 00:49:23,204 And we are in agreement that we have to look for answers... 775 00:49:23,393 --> 00:49:25,873 ...to the problems which we are setting out here today. 776 00:49:26,096 --> 00:49:30,067 But let us not forget that we've got a government... 777 00:49:30,267 --> 00:49:32,679 ...presided over by comrade Allende,... 778 00:49:32,869 --> 00:49:36,407 ...and we have to obey that leadership. 779 00:49:36,707 --> 00:49:39,745 There is an organism which is the workers,... 780 00:49:39,943 --> 00:49:42,549 ...and there are organisms which are the class parties... 781 00:49:42,779 --> 00:49:44,417 ...and they too provide guidance. 782 00:49:46,450 --> 00:49:49,192 On July 19, the School of Infantry... 783 00:49:49,386 --> 00:49:51,696 ...raids a factory in the town of San Bernardo. 784 00:49:53,290 --> 00:49:57,329 Every sector on the left recognizes the need... 785 00:49:57,527 --> 00:50:00,007 ...to prepare the armed defense of the government. 786 00:50:00,464 --> 00:50:02,307 But they are unable to agree... 787 00:50:02,566 --> 00:50:04,978 ...on the formulation of a joint plan. 788 00:50:17,647 --> 00:50:20,856 On July 20, in view of the growing wave of violence,... 789 00:50:21,018 --> 00:50:23,897 ...the Catholic church issues a public call... 790 00:50:24,087 --> 00:50:26,260 ...in favor of peaceful understanding. 791 00:50:36,299 --> 00:50:40,076 This campaign, led by Cardinal Silva Enríquez,... 792 00:50:40,237 --> 00:50:42,683 ...ends with the countrywide celebration... 793 00:50:42,839 --> 00:50:44,682 ...of "Masses for Peace". 794 00:50:47,044 --> 00:50:49,650 For the representatives of the people,... 795 00:50:49,946 --> 00:50:52,984 ...that they may exercise the public powers of the State. 796 00:50:54,317 --> 00:50:58,493 That their competence, aided by the wisdom and prudence... 797 00:50:58,688 --> 00:51:00,326 ...that comes from God,... 798 00:51:00,757 --> 00:51:04,204 ...may lead them always to serve the homeland,... 799 00:51:04,694 --> 00:51:07,766 ...for the true good of the communities. 800 00:51:08,265 --> 00:51:09,676 Lord hear us. 801 00:51:10,000 --> 00:51:12,412 Lord graciously hear us. 802 00:51:13,236 --> 00:51:15,876 For the citizens of our homeland,... 803 00:51:16,406 --> 00:51:20,286 ...so that in the diversity of opinions and preferences,... 804 00:51:20,710 --> 00:51:23,520 ...God may enlighten our consciences,... 805 00:51:23,780 --> 00:51:26,056 ...soothe passions,... 806 00:51:26,316 --> 00:51:28,990 ...and control partisan resentments,... 807 00:51:29,419 --> 00:51:33,333 ...so that the common good of the Chileans may prevail. 808 00:51:33,557 --> 00:51:37,437 - Lord, hear us. - Lord, graciously hear us. 809 00:51:55,345 --> 00:51:57,916 The Church's call for pacification... 810 00:51:58,048 --> 00:52:00,460 ...puts some leaders of the Christian Democracy... 811 00:52:00,650 --> 00:52:02,323 ...in a diff cult position. 812 00:52:02,819 --> 00:52:06,824 For 3 weeks, they have refused to have talks with Allende. 813 00:52:07,491 --> 00:52:09,630 If they don't change their position,... 814 00:52:09,826 --> 00:52:13,103 ...they will be opposing the Church's public position. 815 00:52:24,441 --> 00:52:28,082 A few days later, Patricio Aylwin, and Osvaldo Olguin,... 816 00:52:28,145 --> 00:52:30,591 ...the leaders of the Christian Democracy,... 817 00:52:30,814 --> 00:52:32,293 ...arrive at the government palace... 818 00:52:32,516 --> 00:52:34,518 ...to speak with the President. 819 00:53:02,546 --> 00:53:05,857 Aware of the discrepancies, but convinced of his strategy, 820 00:53:06,049 --> 00:53:09,496 ...Allende wants to reach a minimum understanding... 821 00:53:09,653 --> 00:53:11,826 ...to avoid a constitutional break-up. 822 00:53:16,493 --> 00:53:19,064 A possible agreement between Allende... 823 00:53:19,162 --> 00:53:21,039 ...and the Christian Democrat leadership... 824 00:53:21,231 --> 00:53:24,041 ...causes great unease among the extreme right-wing. 825 00:53:36,413 --> 00:53:37,858 On July 27,... 826 00:53:38,014 --> 00:53:41,120 ...at 1:30 a.m., the extreme right assassinates... 827 00:53:41,351 --> 00:53:43,262 ...Commander Arturo Araya Peters,... 828 00:53:43,453 --> 00:53:46,525 ...President Allende's naval aide-de-camp. 829 00:53:56,466 --> 00:53:58,878 The violence extends to an officer... 830 00:53:59,069 --> 00:54:01,675 ...directly linked to the President,... 831 00:54:02,305 --> 00:54:05,309 ...at the very moment when the Christian Democracy... 832 00:54:05,475 --> 00:54:07,477 ...agrees to speak with Allende. 833 00:54:12,782 --> 00:54:14,728 A confidant of the President,... 834 00:54:14,951 --> 00:54:19,457 ...Araya had become the main link between the government... 835 00:54:19,689 --> 00:54:21,794 ...and the constitutionalist navy officers. 836 00:54:39,509 --> 00:54:41,989 That same day, the aide-de-camp's remains... 837 00:54:42,212 --> 00:54:43,885 ...are taken to the La Moneda Palace. 838 00:54:44,080 --> 00:54:45,889 They are later transferred to Valparaíso,... 839 00:54:46,082 --> 00:54:48,392 ...to be buried with military honors. 840 00:55:18,448 --> 00:55:21,554 OFFICERS 841 00:56:25,815 --> 00:56:28,921 Months later, in exile in Buenos Aires,... 842 00:56:29,119 --> 00:56:30,757 ...and before being assassinated,... 843 00:56:30,954 --> 00:56:33,867 ...Gen. Carlos Prats says that one of the reasons... 844 00:56:34,023 --> 00:56:36,025 ...for eliminating Commander Araya... 845 00:56:36,259 --> 00:56:39,399 ...was to prevent Allende from knowing what was happening... 846 00:56:39,596 --> 00:56:41,633 ...in the military circles in Valparaíso. 847 00:56:42,665 --> 00:56:45,145 This is where a sector of the officers... 848 00:56:45,335 --> 00:56:47,611 ...start to plan the coup,... 849 00:56:47,771 --> 00:56:50,342 ...with the advice of the North American government. 850 00:58:41,484 --> 00:58:44,328 The remains of Commander Arturo Araya Peters... 851 00:58:44,487 --> 00:58:46,330 ...are seen off... 852 00:58:46,890 --> 00:58:50,565 ...by the Commander-in-Chief of the National Navy,... 853 00:58:51,561 --> 00:58:53,871 ...Admiral Raúl Montero Cornejo,... 854 00:58:54,697 --> 00:58:57,143 ...and by a college contemporary of his,... 855 00:58:57,300 --> 00:59:00,110 ...Sea Captain Guillermo Aldonei Hansen. 856 00:59:01,938 --> 00:59:04,316 And here in the cemetery,... 857 00:59:04,474 --> 00:59:06,886 ...we have two sections of the Submarine School... 858 00:59:07,076 --> 00:59:09,420 ...and the band of the Armaments School. 859 00:59:10,914 --> 00:59:13,417 All here can remember the brilliant navy career... 860 00:59:13,583 --> 00:59:16,359 ...of Commander Arturo Araya Peters. 861 00:59:16,553 --> 00:59:19,466 His Excellency the President, Dr. Salvador Allende,... 862 00:59:19,789 --> 00:59:21,393 ...ministers of state,... 863 00:59:21,658 --> 00:59:23,660 ...heads of the armed forces... 864 00:59:34,537 --> 00:59:37,643 The raids are intensified. 865 00:59:38,308 --> 00:59:40,982 On August 3, the army surrounds... 866 00:59:41,177 --> 00:59:44,181 ...one of the main factories in Santiago's Cerrillos belt. 867 00:59:44,847 --> 00:59:48,795 These operations allow the army to check the terrain... 868 00:59:48,985 --> 00:59:51,397 ...and study the workers' reactions. 869 00:59:53,423 --> 00:59:55,960 Their officers accustom the troops... 870 00:59:56,159 --> 00:59:57,900 ...to confronting the civilian population,... 871 00:59:58,127 --> 01:00:00,733 ...and watch the behavior of their own soldiers. 872 01:00:02,031 --> 01:00:04,511 The next day, the army occupies... 873 01:00:04,801 --> 01:00:07,042 ...the industrial area of Punta Arenas. 874 01:00:09,339 --> 01:00:12,912 To date, the army have carried out 27 raids... 875 01:00:13,142 --> 01:00:15,850 ...throughout the country, without finding any arms. 876 01:00:16,312 --> 01:00:18,019 For the first time in an operation,... 877 01:00:18,247 --> 01:00:20,158 ...tanks are used. 878 01:00:25,588 --> 01:00:27,727 During this week, the transport operators... 879 01:00:27,890 --> 01:00:30,166 ...call an indefinite stoppage. 880 01:00:30,593 --> 01:00:33,540 The extreme right wants to provoke economic chaos... 881 01:00:33,730 --> 01:00:35,437 ...and sabotage the talks... 882 01:00:35,665 --> 01:00:38,043 ...between the Head of State and the Christian Democracy. 883 01:00:39,669 --> 01:00:41,512 The carriers assemble their trucks... 884 01:00:41,704 --> 01:00:43,547 ...at certain strategic points... 885 01:00:43,740 --> 01:00:46,983 ...to make a show of strength and maintain internal cohesion. 886 01:00:51,147 --> 01:00:53,718 As the New York Times was to reveal later... 887 01:00:53,916 --> 01:00:56,624 ...the strikers are financed by $5 million... 888 01:00:56,819 --> 01:01:00,028 ...from the Central Intelligence Agency, CIA. 889 01:01:00,890 --> 01:01:04,531 Each of the 35,000 operators receives $4 a day,... 890 01:01:04,761 --> 01:01:06,934 ...at the black market exchange rate. 891 01:01:12,669 --> 01:01:15,275 Meanwhile, in the gardens of Congress,... 892 01:01:15,338 --> 01:01:17,545 ...just as happened with the copper strike,... 893 01:01:17,740 --> 01:01:21,916 ...the truckers' wives are given money and provisions. 894 01:01:27,383 --> 01:01:29,989 On July 31, the government decrees... 895 01:01:30,186 --> 01:01:32,666 ...the legal resumption of work, and sends tractors... 896 01:01:32,822 --> 01:01:35,735 ...to tow the paralyzed vehicles to Santiago. 897 01:01:36,993 --> 01:01:39,735 However, the operators react with violence... 898 01:01:39,929 --> 01:01:43,138 ...and accuse the government of attacking private property. 899 01:01:44,600 --> 01:01:47,308 These events are filmed by TV's Channel 13,... 900 01:01:47,470 --> 01:01:49,279 ...which sympathizes with the strike. 901 01:01:54,444 --> 01:01:56,185 A few days later, Parliament,... 902 01:01:56,345 --> 01:01:58,450 ...along with the opposition journalists,... 903 01:01:58,681 --> 01:02:00,524 ...transform the incident into a scandal. 904 01:02:02,385 --> 01:02:05,195 Congress asks Channel 13 to re-broadcast... 905 01:02:05,354 --> 01:02:07,265 ...their film of the events... 906 01:02:07,390 --> 01:02:09,961 ...to help the deputies reach a judgment. 907 01:02:22,705 --> 01:02:24,651 Backing up the report,... 908 01:02:24,841 --> 01:02:27,981 ...the deputies retransmit these images to the public,... 909 01:02:28,177 --> 01:02:31,124 ...presenting them as an official document. 910 01:02:33,649 --> 01:02:37,927 This shows the opposition's power within the media,... 911 01:02:38,154 --> 01:02:41,533 ...and the freedom of speech tolerated by the government. 912 01:02:42,291 --> 01:02:44,498 The opposition block controls Channel 13,... 913 01:02:44,660 --> 01:02:46,196 ...Santiago's leading station,... 914 01:02:46,429 --> 01:02:49,035 ...as well as 75% of the radio stations... 915 01:02:49,232 --> 01:02:51,769 ...and 70% of the written press. 916 01:02:52,935 --> 01:02:55,939 In this case, the seizure of the trucks... 917 01:02:56,072 --> 01:02:59,645 ...fuels a campaign to discredit the government. 918 01:03:04,614 --> 01:03:06,787 While this is happening in Parliament,... 919 01:03:06,983 --> 01:03:09,623 ...talks between Allende and the Christian Democracy... 920 01:03:09,786 --> 01:03:11,459 ...are deadlocked. 921 01:03:12,789 --> 01:03:14,291 The leaders of that party... 922 01:03:14,457 --> 01:03:16,130 ...set 3 conditions for the President. 923 01:03:16,359 --> 01:03:19,636 He must submit to Congress' authority,... 924 01:03:19,862 --> 01:03:22,240 ...thus renouncing presidential powers... 925 01:03:22,465 --> 01:03:24,342 ...held by other Chilean leaders. 926 01:03:24,834 --> 01:03:27,974 He must back down on his nationalization policy. 927 01:03:28,237 --> 01:03:31,707 Finally, he must grant key government posts... 928 01:03:31,908 --> 01:03:34,514 ...to officers who are totally trusted... 929 01:03:34,644 --> 01:03:36,214 ...by the Christian Democracy. 930 01:03:40,283 --> 01:03:41,489 In reply,... 931 01:03:41,717 --> 01:03:43,993 ...President Allende is opposed to this capitulation. 932 01:03:44,187 --> 01:03:45,495 That same day,... 933 01:03:45,688 --> 01:03:47,497 ...the Christian Democracy halts the talks. 934 01:03:54,330 --> 01:03:55,638 This being so,... 935 01:03:55,865 --> 01:03:59,142 ...the entire opposition joins the anti-government escalade. 936 01:03:59,702 --> 01:04:01,909 During July and August, terrorist groups... 937 01:04:02,104 --> 01:04:04,675 ...trained by North American intelligence services,... 938 01:04:04,874 --> 01:04:08,822 ...carry out 250 attacks with dynamite and fire bombs. 939 01:04:10,813 --> 01:04:14,625 With this authority vacuum, Allende gets the support... 940 01:04:14,817 --> 01:04:16,387 ...of the leaders of the armed forces,... 941 01:04:16,619 --> 01:04:18,257 ...and, faced with the situation,... 942 01:04:18,487 --> 01:04:20,899 ...the officers agree to share responsibilities. 943 01:04:21,390 --> 01:04:23,267 A country... 944 01:04:23,492 --> 01:04:25,267 ...cannot live... 945 01:04:25,461 --> 01:04:27,839 ...submitted to threats by the heartless. 946 01:04:28,831 --> 01:04:30,833 The streets of Santiago... 947 01:04:31,167 --> 01:04:33,204 ...were strewn yesterday... 948 01:04:33,703 --> 01:04:35,979 ...with publications like this. 949 01:04:36,439 --> 01:04:39,147 We must ask who is paying for them,... 950 01:04:39,342 --> 01:04:41,151 ...where are they printed,... 951 01:04:41,444 --> 01:04:44,550 ...which are the companies who are contributing... 952 01:04:46,115 --> 01:04:48,459 ...to these attacks... 953 01:04:48,918 --> 01:04:51,330 ...against national life, against the government,... 954 01:04:51,554 --> 01:04:53,261 ...against the country. 955 01:04:54,290 --> 01:04:56,861 "8 measures to depose the government". 956 01:04:58,461 --> 01:05:00,964 That is how shameless they are. 957 01:05:05,735 --> 01:05:07,476 This Cabinet... 958 01:05:09,305 --> 01:05:11,307 ...must put an end... 959 01:05:12,541 --> 01:05:16,011 ...to the fascist stoppage by the carriers,... 960 01:05:18,047 --> 01:05:19,890 ...by deciding... 961 01:05:20,082 --> 01:05:22,756 ...to enforce the law implacably. 962 01:05:25,254 --> 01:05:29,566 It has the support of the vast majority of Chileans,... 963 01:05:30,092 --> 01:05:32,902 ...who want to avoid, by all possible means,... 964 01:05:33,062 --> 01:05:35,064 ...a civil war in our homeland. 965 01:05:40,336 --> 01:05:42,475 On August 9, the top military commanders... 966 01:05:42,672 --> 01:05:44,151 ...are incorporated into the government. 967 01:05:44,373 --> 01:05:47,013 Gen. Prats, natural leader of the loyal officers,... 968 01:05:47,209 --> 01:05:49,052 ...occupies the Ministry of Defense. 969 01:05:49,278 --> 01:05:53,055 Command of the army falls, meanwhile, on Gen. Pinochet,... 970 01:05:53,249 --> 01:05:55,422 ...also considered a constitutionalist. 971 01:05:56,886 --> 01:05:59,457 This new cabinet is received with discrepancies... 972 01:05:59,655 --> 01:06:01,328 ...by most of the politicians. 973 01:06:01,524 --> 01:06:02,832 The right reject it. 974 01:06:03,059 --> 01:06:05,665 The Christian Democracy show a division of opinion. 975 01:06:05,861 --> 01:06:07,397 The left has its doubts. 976 01:06:07,630 --> 01:06:10,611 Only two days later, the Communist and Socialist parties 977 01:06:10,800 --> 01:06:12,677 ...support Allende's decision. 978 01:06:13,269 --> 01:06:14,748 Thank you. 979 01:06:15,304 --> 01:06:16,977 The session is over. 980 01:06:32,955 --> 01:06:35,959 On August 11, the new cabinet takes the first steps... 981 01:06:36,158 --> 01:06:37,694 ...to requisition trucks. 982 01:06:38,127 --> 01:06:40,573 But the initiatives taken by the commanders... 983 01:06:40,763 --> 01:06:42,367 ...displease most of the officers... 984 01:06:42,598 --> 01:06:44,578 ...who are sympathetic to the stoppage... 985 01:06:44,934 --> 01:06:47,938 This shows that part of the military apparatus... 986 01:06:48,104 --> 01:06:50,880 ...is also involved in the anti-government offensive. 987 01:06:52,074 --> 01:06:55,612 The U.S. press later revealed that William Colby,... 988 01:06:55,811 --> 01:06:57,688 ...ex-director of the CIA,... 989 01:06:57,780 --> 01:06:59,919 ...never denied that it supported the preparation... 990 01:07:00,149 --> 01:07:02,993 ...and financial maintenance of the strike... 991 01:07:03,285 --> 01:07:05,891 ...when he was questioned by the House of Representatives... 992 01:07:05,988 --> 01:07:08,628 ...in Washington, in October 1973. 993 01:07:21,003 --> 01:07:23,677 On August 12, the Christian Democrat Party... 994 01:07:23,873 --> 01:07:26,353 ...officially announces its support for the strike. 995 01:07:26,709 --> 01:07:29,815 In factories, raw materials are diminishing,... 996 01:07:29,979 --> 01:07:32,357 ...and in the country seeds are scarce. 997 01:07:32,481 --> 01:07:33,789 In these circumstances,... 998 01:07:33,983 --> 01:07:36,793 ...the civil-military cabinet has failed. 999 01:07:49,765 --> 01:07:52,609 But the popular response to the strike continues. 1000 01:07:52,968 --> 01:07:54,845 The government and its supporters... 1001 01:07:55,037 --> 01:07:58,314 ...arrange for products to be brought to distribution centers. 1002 01:07:58,874 --> 01:08:01,821 With shops closed, part of the population... 1003 01:08:01,977 --> 01:08:03,684 ...supports the Provisions Council... 1004 01:08:03,913 --> 01:08:06,359 ...and strengthens the "popular stores". 1005 01:08:07,316 --> 01:08:10,422 Each store is formed by the neighbors in a sector. 1006 01:08:10,619 --> 01:08:12,826 It buys food directly from the State,... 1007 01:08:12,988 --> 01:08:14,797 ...and sells it at cost price. 1008 01:08:14,957 --> 01:08:17,096 Soon, half of Santiago is benefiting... 1009 01:08:17,259 --> 01:08:18,863 ...from direct provisioning. 1010 01:08:19,195 --> 01:08:24,269 Direct provisioning! 1011 01:08:26,735 --> 01:08:30,512 In some areas, the Industrial Belts send workers' pickets... 1012 01:08:30,639 --> 01:08:33,916 ...to oversee distribution and open any closed shops. 1013 01:08:41,584 --> 01:08:42,858 At this moment, for the first time,... 1014 01:08:43,119 --> 01:08:44,894 ...popular power is ahead of the police... 1015 01:08:45,121 --> 01:08:48,125 ...in maintaining public order and controlling tradesmen. 1016 01:08:50,326 --> 01:08:52,203 That's enough for now. 1017 01:08:53,662 --> 01:08:56,006 Please move the kids away. 1018 01:08:56,599 --> 01:08:59,011 This isn't a workers' stoppage. 1019 01:08:59,201 --> 01:09:01,272 It's a stoppage by the truck owners. 1020 01:09:01,504 --> 01:09:05,213 I don't think there's one worker with a truck on strike. 1021 01:09:05,407 --> 01:09:07,910 The ones on strike have got fleets of trucks. 1022 01:09:08,110 --> 01:09:10,613 They're keeping this useless strike going. 1023 01:09:10,980 --> 01:09:14,257 This stoppage is clearly political. 1024 01:09:15,518 --> 01:09:20,058 And it is we, the people, who are being harmed by it. 1025 01:09:20,222 --> 01:09:24,068 We're the ones who have to put up with waiting in these lines. 1026 01:09:24,226 --> 01:09:27,230 If all the trucks went back to work, ... 1027 01:09:27,363 --> 01:09:28,967 ...we wouldn't have all these lines. 1028 01:09:29,165 --> 01:09:31,873 But the workers went out on the street. 1029 01:09:32,134 --> 01:09:35,206 We went out and fought and did our duty as workers,... 1030 01:09:35,371 --> 01:09:38,284 ...defending our workplaces and continuing production,... 1031 01:09:38,440 --> 01:09:41,421 ...and loading goods with our bare hands... 1032 01:09:41,577 --> 01:09:44,456 ...so that the towns didn't go short of food. 1033 01:09:44,613 --> 01:09:47,890 The workers showed that to our President... 1034 01:09:48,050 --> 01:09:49,290 ...and the authorities. 1035 01:09:52,254 --> 01:09:54,734 Some of the carriers who support the government... 1036 01:09:54,924 --> 01:09:56,130 ...organize convoys... 1037 01:09:56,358 --> 01:09:59,066 ...to distribute food in the provinces. 1038 01:10:00,329 --> 01:10:03,799 The population also develops a family supply system,... 1039 01:10:04,033 --> 01:10:06,206 ...called "the people's basket". 1040 01:10:08,571 --> 01:10:16,422 No compromise on defending the people's basket! 1041 01:10:20,716 --> 01:10:23,595 How do you see the government's attitude? 1042 01:10:23,786 --> 01:10:25,925 The government's attitude... 1043 01:10:26,422 --> 01:10:28,095 ...has to be to maneuver. 1044 01:10:28,324 --> 01:10:30,827 If you were the government, you'd have to do the same. 1045 01:10:31,060 --> 01:10:34,064 The government has to walk a tightrope at times. 1046 01:10:34,663 --> 01:10:38,076 I believe that this isn't the government's fault. 1047 01:10:38,267 --> 01:10:41,942 For me, as a Marxist socialist from 1932 to the present,... 1048 01:10:42,438 --> 01:10:45,351 ...because I was in the fight for the Socialist Republic... 1049 01:10:45,474 --> 01:10:50,514 ...and I knew comrade Grove and he made one mistake. 1050 01:10:50,679 --> 01:10:52,818 When the people asked him for arms,... 1051 01:10:52,982 --> 01:10:55,189 ...he wouldn't give them any. 1052 01:10:55,384 --> 01:10:59,457 Of course, it would have been an uncontrollable massacre. 1053 01:10:59,655 --> 01:11:02,158 And then what would have happened? 1054 01:11:02,424 --> 01:11:07,169 Even now, I think we're still far from having... 1055 01:11:07,329 --> 01:11:08,774 ...a good front. 1056 01:11:08,998 --> 01:11:10,841 We just don't have one. 1057 01:11:11,033 --> 01:11:12,774 We've got anti-fascist organizations... 1058 01:11:13,002 --> 01:11:15,278 ...and defense committees, but we're lacking... 1059 01:11:15,504 --> 01:11:18,383 ...provincial and national coordination... 1060 01:11:18,574 --> 01:11:20,178 ...in order to act on one front. 1061 01:11:20,376 --> 01:11:24,153 We can't let what happened in Spain happen here. 1062 01:11:24,346 --> 01:11:26,519 There was a party division,... 1063 01:11:27,082 --> 01:11:29,062 ...the anarcho-syndicalists on one side,... 1064 01:11:29,285 --> 01:11:30,525 ...the socialists on the other,... 1065 01:11:30,753 --> 01:11:32,892 ...and Franco's fascism got into power. 1066 01:11:37,593 --> 01:11:39,402 Meanwhile, in Valparaíso,... 1067 01:11:39,595 --> 01:11:42,371 ...some sailors discover the naval conspiracy... 1068 01:11:42,564 --> 01:11:45,170 ...and inform several left-wing leaders. 1069 01:11:46,468 --> 01:11:49,210 This action is discovered by the commanders... 1070 01:11:49,271 --> 01:11:51,080 ...and the sailors are accused of mutiny,... 1071 01:11:51,240 --> 01:11:53,083 ...jailed and submitted to torture. 1072 01:12:00,449 --> 01:12:03,555 On August 22, the opposition,... 1073 01:12:03,752 --> 01:12:06,255 ...breaks definitively with the constitutional regime. 1074 01:12:06,822 --> 01:12:09,098 The agreement, without any legal basis,... 1075 01:12:09,291 --> 01:12:11,202 ...says the government "would be violating the Constitution" 1076 01:12:11,427 --> 01:12:14,135 ...and is an open invitation for military intervention. 1077 01:12:14,496 --> 01:12:16,169 Supported by a simple majority,... 1078 01:12:16,398 --> 01:12:19,470 ...this declaration justifies military rebellion... 1079 01:12:19,702 --> 01:12:22,239 ...and legitimizes the coup. 1080 01:12:39,722 --> 01:12:42,464 From this point, events occur rapidly. 1081 01:12:42,658 --> 01:12:44,831 A group of women gather outside the house... 1082 01:12:45,060 --> 01:12:47,597 ...of Army Commander Gen. Carlos Prats,... 1083 01:12:47,830 --> 01:12:49,537 ...natural leader of the officers... 1084 01:12:49,765 --> 01:12:51,335 ...who respect the democratic system. 1085 01:12:55,404 --> 01:12:58,613 The rally, in which the wives of 6 generals take part,... 1086 01:12:58,807 --> 01:13:00,445 ...is to show Carlos Prats... 1087 01:13:00,642 --> 01:13:03,088 ...that he no longer has the top military support. 1088 01:13:03,312 --> 01:13:06,384 The next day, the Council of Generals refuses to back him... 1089 01:13:06,582 --> 01:13:08,186 ...and Carlos Prats decides to resign. 1090 01:13:09,718 --> 01:13:12,096 - Faggots! - Lousy faggots! 1091 01:13:14,022 --> 01:13:15,933 Generals Pickering and Sepúlveda,... 1092 01:13:16,158 --> 01:13:18,695 ...the main loyal commanders, also resign. 1093 01:13:18,927 --> 01:13:21,840 Augusto Pinochet, seemingly a professional soldier... 1094 01:13:22,030 --> 01:13:23,509 ...who respects the Constitution,... 1095 01:13:23,699 --> 01:13:25,906 ...becomes the new Commander-in-Chief. 1096 01:13:35,077 --> 01:13:36,818 While the conspiracy progresses,... 1097 01:13:36,979 --> 01:13:39,653 ...the civilian opposition begins the final offensive. 1098 01:13:39,815 --> 01:13:42,352 On August 14, in the Catholic University,... 1099 01:13:42,518 --> 01:13:44,555 ...the women from "Feminine Power"... 1100 01:13:44,753 --> 01:13:47,359 ...meet to support the transport strike. 1101 01:13:49,057 --> 01:13:52,732 That is why this strike by the carriers,... 1102 01:13:52,961 --> 01:13:56,135 ...which was avoided in October 1972,... 1103 01:13:56,331 --> 01:13:58,242 ...will, this time, have to be a battle... 1104 01:13:58,467 --> 01:14:00,174 ...to the final consequences. 1105 01:14:00,369 --> 01:14:03,612 This is how it is seen by all of us... 1106 01:14:03,872 --> 01:14:06,546 ...who support the carriers in their just struggle. 1107 01:14:17,119 --> 01:14:19,599 Days later, the government's enemies... 1108 01:14:19,788 --> 01:14:22,064 ...ask for the President's resignation. 1109 01:14:22,324 --> 01:14:23,962 3 years of economic war... 1110 01:14:24,193 --> 01:14:27,037 ...have let the White House and the internal opposition... 1111 01:14:27,196 --> 01:14:29,767 ...win a large sector of the middle class. 1112 01:14:29,965 --> 01:14:31,876 This is where the rebel officers... 1113 01:14:32,100 --> 01:14:35,570 ...find the social support for continuing with their plans. 1114 01:14:55,491 --> 01:14:58,529 September 4 is the third anniversary... 1115 01:14:58,727 --> 01:15:00,900 ...of Salvador Allende's electoral triumph. 1116 01:15:01,230 --> 01:15:03,904 Despite the crisis, government sympathizers... 1117 01:15:04,132 --> 01:15:06,305 ...organize one of the biggest demonstrations... 1118 01:15:06,502 --> 01:15:08,243 ...in the country's political history. 1119 01:15:47,009 --> 01:15:50,183 From 5:00 p.m., more than 800,000 people... 1120 01:15:50,345 --> 01:15:52,757 ...file past the President of the Republic. 1121 01:15:53,482 --> 01:15:57,191 Three days later, Allende tells his collaborators... 1122 01:15:57,352 --> 01:15:59,127 ...that he wants to hold a plebiscite... 1123 01:15:59,187 --> 01:16:02,657 ...to resolve the government's continuity in a democratic way. 1124 01:16:04,092 --> 01:16:06,834 The chosen date for announcing the plebiscite... 1125 01:16:06,995 --> 01:16:09,271 ...is September 11. 1126 01:16:10,799 --> 01:16:14,440 We'll cut the dick off the "mummy" who speculates! 1127 01:16:14,636 --> 01:16:18,413 If that won't do, we'll cut his balls off too! 1128 01:16:26,415 --> 01:16:31,057 Workers, let's go into action and stop the rebellion! 1129 01:16:34,856 --> 01:16:39,327 Young Communists of Chile! 1130 01:16:39,861 --> 01:16:47,803 Allende, Allende, the people will defend you! 1131 01:17:14,596 --> 01:17:18,203 Young Communists of Chile! 1132 01:17:20,802 --> 01:17:23,305 Keep fighting, President! 1133 01:17:23,739 --> 01:17:26,242 - Hurrah for Allende! - Hurrah! 1134 01:17:26,742 --> 01:17:32,715 Popular Unity, keep fighting! 1135 01:17:32,914 --> 01:17:39,923 We'll fight and we'll create popular power! 1136 01:17:42,958 --> 01:17:46,599 The Socialist Party of Chile! 1137 01:17:51,099 --> 01:17:55,878 Socialist Youth! 1138 01:17:56,371 --> 01:18:04,051 The expropriated factories will never be handed back! 1139 01:18:06,515 --> 01:18:08,722 The time for conciliation is over! 1140 01:18:08,950 --> 01:18:10,861 It's time to fight! 1141 01:18:14,923 --> 01:18:22,000 People, awareness, arms! 1142 01:18:27,769 --> 01:18:30,773 - Louder! - MAPU! 1143 01:18:31,006 --> 01:18:32,713 Shout it louder! 1144 01:18:32,908 --> 01:18:34,444 MAPU! 1145 01:18:42,884 --> 01:18:46,889 Allende, don't worry, the people are with you! 1146 01:18:47,122 --> 01:18:50,763 Allende, don't worry, the people are with you! 1147 01:19:07,642 --> 01:19:10,213 Faced with the people, mobilized but unarmed,... 1148 01:19:10,412 --> 01:19:11,720 ...the internal opposition... 1149 01:19:11,947 --> 01:19:13,483 ...and the U.S. State Department... 1150 01:19:13,682 --> 01:19:15,559 ...decide to play their last card. 1151 01:19:19,888 --> 01:19:25,167 The morning of September 11. The voice of President Allende. 1152 01:19:25,927 --> 01:19:28,533 Confirmed reports have said... 1153 01:19:28,797 --> 01:19:33,678 ...that a sector of the navy... 1154 01:19:34,402 --> 01:19:36,746 ...has isolated Valparaiso... 1155 01:19:37,472 --> 01:19:39,645 ...and that the city is occupied. 1156 01:19:40,108 --> 01:19:42,987 In any case, I am here,... 1157 01:19:43,178 --> 01:19:45,158 ...in the government palace... 1158 01:19:45,380 --> 01:19:48,486 ...and I'll stay here, defending... 1159 01:19:50,085 --> 01:19:53,555 ...the government I represent by the will of the people. 1160 01:19:57,726 --> 01:20:00,866 On September 11, the navy unleashes the coup... 1161 01:20:00,996 --> 01:20:02,373 ...in the port of Valparaíso. 1162 01:20:02,597 --> 01:20:05,043 At the same time, four North American destroyers... 1163 01:20:05,233 --> 01:20:06,576 ...move close to the Chilean coast... 1164 01:20:06,802 --> 01:20:08,975 ...to take part in "Operation Unitas"... 1165 01:20:09,137 --> 01:20:11,913 ...and maintain contact with the mutineers. 1166 01:20:16,878 --> 01:20:19,017 At 7:30, President Allende... 1167 01:20:19,214 --> 01:20:22,161 ...has arrived at the palace to give instructions. 1168 01:20:22,517 --> 01:20:23,996 The situation is critical. 1169 01:20:24,252 --> 01:20:25,788 There is no joint plan... 1170 01:20:25,954 --> 01:20:27,797 ...for the armed defense of the government. 1171 01:20:28,824 --> 01:20:30,235 During the early morning,... 1172 01:20:30,492 --> 01:20:33,962 ...most of the constitutionalist officers have been neutralized. 1173 01:20:36,731 --> 01:20:39,644 At 8:00 a.m., several Air Force planes... 1174 01:20:39,835 --> 01:20:41,940 ...start to fly over the capital. 1175 01:20:42,537 --> 01:20:45,211 At 8:20, the leaders of the uprising... 1176 01:20:45,407 --> 01:20:46,977 ...demand the President's resignation,... 1177 01:20:47,175 --> 01:20:49,519 ...and offer him a plane in which to leave the country. 1178 01:20:50,011 --> 01:20:53,288 At 9:15, the constitutional President prepares to fight... 1179 01:20:53,448 --> 01:20:55,086 ...and speaks again by radio. 1180 01:20:56,084 --> 01:20:58,462 The Air Force has bombed... 1181 01:20:58,520 --> 01:21:02,969 ...the masts of "Radio Portales" and "Radio Corporacin". 1182 01:21:05,060 --> 01:21:06,698 This being so,.. 1183 01:21:07,395 --> 01:21:09,773 ...it only remains for me to say to the workers,... 1184 01:21:09,998 --> 01:21:12,137 ...I am not going to give up. 1185 01:21:14,836 --> 01:21:17,248 Placed in an historical transition,... 1186 01:21:18,039 --> 01:21:22,351 ...I shall repay the loyalty of the people with my life. 1187 01:21:25,447 --> 01:21:29,452 History is ours, and it is made by the people. 1188 01:21:30,452 --> 01:21:32,762 Long live Chile! Long live the people! 1189 01:21:33,088 --> 01:21:34,897 Long live the workers! 1190 01:21:52,574 --> 01:21:54,713 After a few hours of resistance,... 1191 01:21:54,876 --> 01:21:57,686 ...the military sends Allende an ultimatum. 1192 01:21:58,079 --> 01:22:01,026 If he doesn't surrender, the planes will begin bombing. 1193 01:22:01,449 --> 01:22:02,621 At this,... 1194 01:22:02,851 --> 01:22:04,922 ...the President gives the palace guard... 1195 01:22:05,086 --> 01:22:08,499 ...freedom of action, and they abandon the building. 1196 01:22:09,090 --> 01:22:11,593 President Allende, who refuses to surrender,... 1197 01:22:11,760 --> 01:22:13,671 ...is accompanied by 40 civilians... 1198 01:22:13,862 --> 01:22:15,933 ...prepared to face the attack. 1199 01:23:12,587 --> 01:23:13,930 Despite the bombardment,... 1200 01:23:14,122 --> 01:23:16,261 ...the palace defenders hold out for 3 hours. 1201 01:23:16,424 --> 01:23:18,131 At the same time, there are skirmishes... 1202 01:23:18,326 --> 01:23:20,328 ...in parts of Santiago and the provinces. 1203 01:23:23,331 --> 01:23:27,177 At 2:15 p.m., President Allende dies in La Moneda. 1204 01:23:32,440 --> 01:23:33,817 At 9:00 p.m.,... 1205 01:23:34,042 --> 01:23:37,080 ...the leaders of the uprising speak to the country. 1206 01:23:38,446 --> 01:23:40,858 The armed forces... 1207 01:23:41,383 --> 01:23:43,863 ...have acted today... 1208 01:23:44,285 --> 01:23:47,755 ...solely from the patriotic inspiration... 1209 01:23:47,956 --> 01:23:50,334 ...of saving the country... 1210 01:23:50,525 --> 01:23:52,232 ...from the tremendous chaos... 1211 01:23:52,427 --> 01:23:55,874 ...into which it was being plunged... 1212 01:23:56,031 --> 01:23:59,877 ...by the Marxist government of Salvador Allende. 1213 01:24:00,969 --> 01:24:06,385 The Junta will maintain judicial power... 1214 01:24:06,808 --> 01:24:10,221 ...and consultantship of the Public Accounts Control. 1215 01:24:10,812 --> 01:24:16,763 The Chambers will remain in recess until further orders. 1216 01:24:17,986 --> 01:24:19,590 That is all. 1217 01:24:23,691 --> 01:24:25,500 It may be sad... 1218 01:24:25,693 --> 01:24:29,334 ...to have broken a democratic tradition... 1219 01:24:30,632 --> 01:24:32,805 ...which on this continent... 1220 01:24:33,468 --> 01:24:35,539 ...was of long standing. 1221 01:24:37,138 --> 01:24:39,846 But when the State loses its qualities,... 1222 01:24:40,909 --> 01:24:42,946 ...there are those... 1223 01:24:44,312 --> 01:24:47,350 ...who, by mandate,... 1224 01:24:48,116 --> 01:24:51,689 ...have to enforce them, and take on that task. 1225 01:24:51,986 --> 01:24:53,659 We are doing that today. 1226 01:24:54,222 --> 01:24:56,634 We are sure that all of Chile... 1227 01:24:57,092 --> 01:24:59,868 ...has to understand the sacrifice that entails. 1228 01:25:01,262 --> 01:25:03,742 It isn't a matter of squashing tendencies... 1229 01:25:03,898 --> 01:25:05,639 ...or ideological trends,... 1230 01:25:05,834 --> 01:25:08,075 ...or carrying out personal revenge,... 1231 01:25:08,403 --> 01:25:11,816 ...but, as I said, of reestablishing public order,.. 1232 01:25:12,006 --> 01:25:14,646 ...and returning the country to observance... 1233 01:25:14,909 --> 01:25:18,220 ...of the Republic's Constitution and laws. 1234 01:25:19,647 --> 01:25:21,786 After three years... 1235 01:25:22,150 --> 01:25:25,154 ...of suffering the Marxist cancer... 1236 01:25:25,653 --> 01:25:27,724 ...which led us... 1237 01:25:28,089 --> 01:25:32,868 ...to economic, moral and social disaster,... 1238 01:25:33,761 --> 01:25:36,708 ...and which could no longer be tolerated... 1239 01:25:38,533 --> 01:25:43,881 ...for the sacred interests of the homeland,... 1240 01:25:44,839 --> 01:25:47,376 ...we found ourselves obliged... 1241 01:25:47,509 --> 01:25:52,424 ...to take on the sad and painful mission... 1242 01:25:52,881 --> 01:25:54,918 ...which we have undertaken. 1243 01:25:55,450 --> 01:25:57,327 We are not afraid. 1244 01:25:57,519 --> 01:25:59,521 We know the enormous responsibility... 1245 01:25:59,721 --> 01:26:01,860 ...that will rest on our shoulders. 1246 01:26:02,724 --> 01:26:05,204 But we are convinced,... 1247 01:26:05,426 --> 01:26:07,565 ...we are quite sure... 1248 01:26:07,829 --> 01:26:10,742 ...that the vast majority of the Chilean people... 1249 01:26:11,132 --> 01:26:12,975 ...are with us. 1250 01:26:13,301 --> 01:26:16,214 They are willing to fight against Marxism! 1251 01:26:16,337 --> 01:26:18,749 They are willing to stamp it out... 1252 01:26:18,940 --> 01:26:20,920 ...down to the final consequences! 1253 01:26:29,684 --> 01:26:31,288 From September 11,... 1254 01:26:31,519 --> 01:26:33,999 ...all the army's resources are used... 1255 01:26:34,189 --> 01:26:35,998 ...to repress the popular movement,... 1256 01:26:36,224 --> 01:26:38,602 ...with the compliance of the U.S. government. 1257 01:26:39,594 --> 01:26:42,973 The initial armed resistance by some industrial belts,... 1258 01:26:43,097 --> 01:26:45,077 ...towns, mines and agricultural centers... 1259 01:26:45,300 --> 01:26:47,906 ...is quickly crushed in an unequal fight. 1260 01:27:00,582 --> 01:27:02,289 Thousands of people lose their lives,... 1261 01:27:02,550 --> 01:27:03,995 ...and the main sports stadiums... 1262 01:27:04,285 --> 01:27:06,322 ...are turned into concentration camps. 1263 01:27:07,121 --> 01:27:08,862 The longest representative democracy... 1264 01:27:09,057 --> 01:27:11,503 ...in Latin American history has ceased to exist. 1265 01:27:12,327 --> 01:27:14,967 Nevertheless, on that same September 11,... 1266 01:27:15,230 --> 01:27:17,471 ...the democratic forces begin to reorganize,... 1267 01:27:17,699 --> 01:27:20,043 ...and adopt numerous forms of resistance. 1268 01:27:22,170 --> 01:27:24,707 The battle of Chile is not over yet. 1269 01:27:28,409 --> 01:27:30,912 They have the strength. 1270 01:27:31,145 --> 01:27:33,989 They can subjugate us, 1271 01:27:34,249 --> 01:27:37,355 but they cannot stop social processes... 1272 01:27:37,585 --> 01:27:42,694 ...with crime or with strength. 1273 01:27:43,424 --> 01:27:45,995 History is ours,... 1274 01:27:46,227 --> 01:27:48,798 ...and it is made by the people. 1275 01:27:49,264 --> 01:27:52,177 You must always know... 1276 01:27:52,400 --> 01:27:56,473 ...that sooner rather than later... 1277 01:27:56,738 --> 01:27:59,947 ...they will open the great avenues... 1278 01:28:00,174 --> 01:28:03,246 ...where man can walk free... 1279 01:28:03,478 --> 01:28:08,655 ...and build a better society. 98041

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