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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:08,960 --> 00:00:13,280 This place, the equator, is easily, hands down, one of the most exciting, most beautiful, 2 00:00:13,280 --> 00:00:16,680 most vibrant places on the planet. 3 00:00:16,680 --> 00:00:21,240 [Gordon] I'm 4 00:00:21,240 --> 00:00:22,520 Gordon Buchanan, and I'm a wildlife cameraman. 5 00:00:22,520 --> 00:00:28,120 I'm travelling the line 6 00:00:28,120 --> 00:00:31,240 that runs 25,000 miles around the globe to find out what's happening to our planet. 7 00:00:37,920 --> 00:00:39,480 Here, between the tropics, 8 00:00:39,480 --> 00:00:40,800 there are more plant and animal species 9 00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:43,200 than anywhere else on earth. 10 00:00:43,200 --> 00:00:45,400 Every square inch has some form of life 11 00:00:45,400 --> 00:00:47,640 scurrying or scuffling around. 12 00:00:52,120 --> 00:00:55,400 [Gordon] But today this same region is also home 13 00:00:55,400 --> 00:00:57,120 to a staggering 40 percent of humanity. 14 00:00:58,520 --> 00:01:02,400 This collision between man and nature-- 15 00:01:02,400 --> 00:01:05,840 Oh my goodness. 16 00:01:05,840 --> 00:01:06,720 [Gordon] --is affecting all of us. 17 00:01:06,720 --> 00:01:11,760 To get t 18 00:01:11,760 --> 00:01:13,560 o grips with this reality, experts are investigating the equator from a new angle. 19 00:01:13,560 --> 00:01:16,360 This is one flight that I am very much looking forward to. 20 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:22,160 Up we go. 21 00:01:22,160 --> 00:01:23,400 [Gordon] From the air. 22 00:01:25,680 --> 00:01:26,800 Wow! 23 00:01:26,800 --> 00:01:28,720 I can see something from up here 24 00:01:28,720 --> 00:01:30,080 that would be impossible to see from ground level. 25 00:01:30,080 --> 00:01:34,400 [Gordon] From up high, startling discov 26 00:01:34,400 --> 00:01:38,560 eries are being made. Have we passed a new species? 27 00:01:38,560 --> 00:01:40,400 For sure. Really? 28 00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:43,280 This is really the front line 29 00:01:43,280 --> 00:01:44,720 because you see the soya plantations, 30 00:01:44,720 --> 00:01:47,480 cattle ranches, illegal activity, 31 00:01:47,480 --> 00:01:51,000 human population growth, it is all here. 32 00:01:52,480 --> 00:01:57,480 [Gordon] Around the equator 33 00:01:57,480 --> 00:01:58,800 this aerial view is changing our relationship with nature... 34 00:01:58,800 --> 00:02:02,800 [Gordon] Oh, got it, got it. 35 00:02:02,800 --> 00:02:04,360 Look at that. 36 00:02:04,360 --> 00:02:06,440 Unbelievable. 37 00:02:06,440 --> 00:02:06,880 [Gordon] ...as we race to protect its future and ours. 38 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:15,880 We live in an incredibly exciting, 39 00:02:15,880 --> 00:02:19,440 pivotal time in our planet's history. 40 00:02:19,440 --> 00:02:20,320 When salvation for the natural world could come from above. 41 00:02:22,640 --> 00:02:26,640 I've never seen anything l 42 00:02:26,640 --> 00:02:29,520 ike it. Woo-hoo! 43 00:02:29,520 --> 00:02:30,880 [pilot] How's the adrenaline? 44 00:02:36,760 --> 00:02:41,280 [Gordon] In South East Asia, 45 00:02:41,280 --> 00:02:42,360 the islands of Indonesia and Malaysia 46 00:02:42,360 --> 00:02:44,440 fall either side of the equator. 47 00:02:49,040 --> 00:02:53,520 [Gordon] This is a world of lush rainforests, 48 00:02:53,520 --> 00:02:55,840 humid swamps and towering volcanoes. 49 00:03:03,240 --> 00:03:05,400 Rich, complex habitats, which have long been home 50 00:03:05,400 --> 00:03:08,720 to some of the world's most majestic and iconic wildlife. 51 00:03:20,360 --> 00:03:23,760 When you think of places like Sumatra, Java, Borneo, 52 00:03:25,160 --> 00:03:29,880 they conjure up all these images 53 00:03:29,880 --> 00:03:31,520 of these exotic, mysterious tropical regions 54 00:03:32,560 --> 00:03:37,320 and the reality is 55 00:03:37,320 --> 00:03:39,360 that it's a place that's dominated by people. 56 00:03:47,120 --> 00:03:51,840 [Gordon] South East Asia 57 00:03:51,840 --> 00:03:52,560 is the fastest developing region on the equator. 58 00:03:56,640 --> 00:03:58,360 To satisfy the hunger for growth, 59 00:03:58,360 --> 00:03:59,600 wild places have been given over to housing, 60 00:03:59,600 --> 00:04:01,920 factories and cash crops. 61 00:04:06,760 --> 00:04:08,160 So I'm here to find out how this part of our world 62 00:04:08,160 --> 00:04:09,720 can weather the storm of rapid economic progress. 63 00:04:16,680 --> 00:04:20,440 [Gordon] With the population of Indonesia topping a quarter of a billion, 64 00:04:20,440 --> 00:04:24,800 its capital, Jakarta, 65 00:04:24,800 --> 00:04:25,680 has grown to become South-East Asia's biggest city. 66 00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:31,320 We are literally inching forwards. 67 00:04:32,720 --> 00:04:37,680 There's pollution, there's congestion, 68 00:04:37,680 --> 00:04:38,160 there's hundreds of thousands of people on their way to work. 69 00:04:46,600 --> 00:04:50,800 [Gordon] To see for myself how urban sprawl 70 00:04:50,800 --> 00:04:52,840 has affected the landscape, 71 00:04:52,840 --> 00:04:53,920 I need to get up into the air. 72 00:05:00,120 --> 00:05:02,280 There's a first time for everything, and I've never taken off in a helicopter from a helipad 73 00:05:02,280 --> 00:05:05,200 on top of a luxury hotel. 74 00:05:11,040 --> 00:05:14,760 [Gordon] From above, the sheer scale of recent development here 75 00:05:14,760 --> 00:05:18,080 becomes apparent. 76 00:05:18,080 --> 00:05:20,520 I can see, oh my goodness, 77 00:05:20,520 --> 00:05:21,920 just this huge long line of people going nowhere. 78 00:05:30,240 --> 00:05:32,200 The growth in last 40 years has been immense. 79 00:05:32,200 --> 00:05:35,360 It is now one of the biggest cities on Earth. 80 00:05:35,360 --> 00:05:36,920 10 million people alone living underneath us right now. 81 00:05:42,680 --> 00:05:43,800 Greater Jakarta, 30 million. 82 00:05:49,800 --> 00:05:51,960 [Gordon] There's been a huge migration from the countryside to the city 83 00:05:51,960 --> 00:05:54,720 as people come in search of work. 84 00:05:54,720 --> 00:05:57,720 It is the very picture of affluence and wealth, 85 00:05:57,720 --> 00:06:01,800 looking out around here. 86 00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:05,120 Super, super tall buildings. 87 00:06:05,120 --> 00:06:07,800 A lot of businesses but presumably some of them 88 00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:09,960 residences as well. 89 00:06:09,960 --> 00:06:13,360 [Gordon] The city is gro 90 00:06:13,360 --> 00:06:14,840 wing upwards and outwardswith astonishing speed. 91 00:06:18,240 --> 00:06:21,240 Jakarta now covers more than 250 square miles 92 00:06:21,240 --> 00:06:23,200 of what was once lush coastal plains and forested hills. 93 00:06:25,680 --> 00:06:30,720 I'm really struggling to s 94 00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:32,120 ee an area of green space that's bigger than a football field. 95 00:06:37,960 --> 00:06:40,560 It's just like a big sea of grey and brown. 96 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:43,040 It's just all buildings, and that's rapid urbanization 97 00:06:43,040 --> 00:06:46,080 gone horribly, horribly wrong. 98 00:06:51,560 --> 00:06:56,120 [Gordon] And one result of Jakarta's transformation 99 00:06:56,120 --> 00:06:57,800 is having a particularly devastating impact 100 00:06:57,800 --> 00:07:00,040 on the people who live here. 101 00:07:03,760 --> 00:07:05,240 This city is sinking. 102 00:07:05,240 --> 00:07:09,760 Current predictions are th 103 00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:12,280 at by 2050 much of this enormous city 104 00:07:12,280 --> 00:07:16,360 is going to be underwater. 105 00:07:16,360 --> 00:07:21,600 Some people estima 106 00:07:21,600 --> 00:07:23,360 te that Jakarta's got about a decade to try and sort itself out. 107 00:07:31,720 --> 00:07:35,040 [Gordon] The sinking is caused by Jakarta's sudden growth. 108 00:07:39,880 --> 00:07:42,920 Lacking mains water, people have long dug wells 109 00:07:42,920 --> 00:07:44,360 to tap into the aquifer beneath the city. 110 00:07:46,600 --> 00:07:51,440 But demand has rocketed, 111 00:07:51,440 --> 00:07:52,040 and now water is extracted on an industrial scale. 112 00:07:58,000 --> 00:07:59,000 As a result, the ground is giving way. 113 00:07:59,000 --> 00:08:03,920 Geez. 114 00:08:03,920 --> 00:08:04,480 Seawater seeping up through the paving, right there. 115 00:08:07,760 --> 00:08:12,640 My God. 116 00:08:12,640 --> 00:08:13,760 [Gordon] Add to that the sheer weight of the city 117 00:08:13,760 --> 00:08:16,560 and Jakarta is subsiding fast. 118 00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:18,360 In some places, by up to 25 cm a year. 119 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:27,600 Many areas are prone to flooding 120 00:08:27,600 --> 00:08:29,360 but it's the people in poorer coastal neighbourhoods 121 00:08:29,360 --> 00:08:32,120 who suffer the most, 122 00:08:32,120 --> 00:08:33,400 despite one attempt to hold back the tide. 123 00:08:38,080 --> 00:08:42,120 This is quite an incredible structure. 124 00:08:42,120 --> 00:08:45,760 It stretches for hundreds of metres in this direction. 125 00:08:45,760 --> 00:08:48,680 Um, it's a massive wall but it's not impenetrable. 126 00:08:50,200 --> 00:08:54,400 There's a little bit of flaking going on here. 127 00:08:54,400 --> 00:08:58,440 It's been patched up here. 128 00:08:58,440 --> 00:09:01,480 There is seawater coming through. 129 00:09:01,480 --> 00:09:04,080 There's little sea creatures swimming about. 130 00:09:04,080 --> 00:09:05,200 There's some sea algae and kelp. 131 00:09:10,880 --> 00:09:14,200 As with every wall, there's always the desire to find out 132 00:09:15,280 --> 00:09:19,080 what's on the other side. 133 00:09:19,080 --> 00:09:22,520 Oh m 134 00:09:22,520 --> 00:09:24,280 y God, holy smokes! 135 00:09:29,240 --> 00:09:34,600 [Gordon] This mosque went under years ago. 136 00:09:34,600 --> 00:09:38,880 And behind the wall in this area 137 00:09:38,880 --> 00:09:41,240 the streets now sit more than a metre below the sea. 138 00:09:41,240 --> 00:09:44,360 For the people living here, it's a precarious existence. 139 00:09:44,360 --> 00:09:47,240 There's even a man fishing in the street. 140 00:09:52,680 --> 00:09:54,360 Many of the businesses here have been abandoned. 141 00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:57,040 But the owners of one small shop are staying put. 142 00:10:00,440 --> 00:10:03,560 I'm Gordon. 143 00:10:03,560 --> 00:10:05,120 Nice to meet you, hi. 144 00:10:05,120 --> 00:10:06,680 Hello. 145 00:10:07,800 --> 00:10:08,920 @What's happened to your street? 146 00:10:13,840 --> 00:10:16,000 And does it dry out when the tide is low? 147 00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:17,280 Is this completely dry? 148 00:10:27,640 --> 00:10:31,520 Can I have a look inside the shop? 149 00:10:31,520 --> 00:10:33,760 Thank you. 150 00:10:33,760 --> 00:10:35,880 Oh, that looks delicious. 151 00:10:35,880 --> 00:10:38,200 @Does the water ever get so high th 152 00:10:38,200 --> 00:10:42,360 at it comes inside the shop? 153 00:10:43,640 --> 00:10:48,480 It's been up this high? 154 00:10:48,480 --> 00:10:49,480 Ah, so does everyone have to climb onto the roof? 155 00:10:53,200 --> 00:10:57,040 Can you swim? 156 00:10:57,040 --> 00:10:58,200 Can yo 157 00:10:58,200 --> 00:11:01,640 u swim? 158 00:11:01,640 --> 00:11:02,440 I think you should all take lessons. 159 00:11:09,520 --> 00:11:14,360 [Gordon] With the city sinking below sea level, 160 00:11:14,360 --> 00:11:14,880 it's become extremely vulnerable to storm surges. 161 00:11:20,800 --> 00:11:23,080 2013 saw the worst floods in recent years. 162 00:11:30,720 --> 00:11:32,120 Thousands lost their homes. 163 00:11:37,000 --> 00:11:38,440 In the aftermath, waterlogged conditions 164 00:11:38,440 --> 00:11:39,480 left locals exposed to diseases like dengue and typhoid. 165 00:11:46,480 --> 00:11:49,840 I just can't imagine that this place has a future. 166 00:11:58,840 --> 00:12:01,680 This little shop is about the only sign of life that's here, and I think it's, and the people that are working here, 167 00:12:01,680 --> 00:12:03,160 are living on borrowed time. 168 00:12:08,960 --> 00:12:13,640 [Gordon] Jakarta's impressive economic growth 169 00:12:13,640 --> 00:12:15,160 has meant progress for many who live here. 170 00:12:18,960 --> 00:12:21,200 But it's also brought 171 00:12:21,200 --> 00:12:22,720 unintended and sometimes catastrophic consequences. 172 00:12:22,720 --> 00:12:27,560 And right along this stretch of the equator, 173 00:12:27,560 --> 00:12:28,800 the problems caused by development are becoming acute. 174 00:12:29,760 --> 00:12:34,280 All too often, the v 175 00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:40,880 ictims aren't people but animals. 176 00:12:40,880 --> 00:12:41,320 [Gordon] A species in serious trouble is one my favourites. 177 00:12:43,200 --> 00:12:47,840 The magnificent Sumatran elephant. 178 00:12:47,840 --> 00:12:51,680 Since the 1990s, almost half of Sumatra's forest 179 00:12:51,680 --> 00:12:56,240 has been lost or degraded. 180 00:12:56,240 --> 00:12:58,200 If land isn't being built on, it's being farmed. 181 00:13:05,680 --> 00:13:06,840 [Gordon] It's a critical situation, so I'm heading to the Sumatran province of Jambi 182 00:13:06,840 --> 00:13:08,920 to find out the latest. 183 00:13:13,160 --> 00:13:17,200 We're driving through what would've one time, 184 00:13:17,200 --> 00:13:19,240 not that long ago, been pristine habitat. 185 00:13:21,320 --> 00:13:26,240 [Gordon] Today, the elephants 186 00:13:26,240 --> 00:13:29,760 that once dominated this island are on the back foot. 187 00:13:29,760 --> 00:13:32,800 But I've heard about a promising new aerial project 188 00:13:32,800 --> 00:13:35,640 that could help them. 189 00:13:35,640 --> 00:13:37,640 How are you? 190 00:13:37,640 --> 00:13:39,320 Good Morning. 191 00:13:39,320 --> 00:13:40,560 Why aren't you at school? 192 00:13:40,560 --> 00:13:41,600 Ten to nine! 193 00:13:41,600 --> 00:13:43,040 [Chuckling]. 194 00:13:45,200 --> 00:13:46,400 [Gordon] This is the village of Muara Sekalo. 195 00:13:49,600 --> 00:13:51,160 Pagi. 196 00:13:52,960 --> 00:13:54,320 You're tuning it. 197 00:13:56,800 --> 00:13:57,920 It's the human Glockenspiel. 198 00:14:01,080 --> 00:14:03,120 [Gordon] And I'm meeting a team doing all they can 199 00:14:03,120 --> 00:14:04,320 to help the elephants here survive. 200 00:14:08,120 --> 00:14:09,440 Hello! 201 00:14:09,440 --> 00:14:11,720 Alex, presumably? 202 00:14:11,720 --> 00:14:13,240 How are you? 203 00:14:13,240 --> 00:14:14,400 I'm Gordon. 204 00:14:14,400 --> 00:14:15,800 I'm Alex. 205 00:14:15,800 --> 00:14:17,400 How are you doing? 206 00:14:17,400 --> 00:14:19,000 Good, good, fine, thanks, and you? Very well. 207 00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:21,720 It was a long journey. 208 00:14:21,720 --> 00:14:25,400 [Gordon] Working alongside local rangers is Alex Mossbruckerof the Frankfurt Zoological Society. 209 00:14:25,400 --> 00:14:27,240 The last bit of the way I was looking along the path 210 00:14:27,240 --> 00:14:30,160 and into the trees for any signs of elephants, 211 00:14:30,160 --> 00:14:31,800 but I didn't see anything. 212 00:14:31,800 --> 00:14:33,840 No grey shapes anywhere, huh? 213 00:14:33,840 --> 00:14:35,000 No, no. Right, I'll get ready. 214 00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:36,120 I need to put some boots on. 215 00:14:36,120 --> 00:14:37,440 [Alex] Yeah, good. 216 00:14:39,440 --> 00:14:45,560 [Gordon] Sumatran elephants 217 00:14:45,560 --> 00:14:47,080 are now classified as critically endangered, and it's thought around half have been lost in a generation. 218 00:14:47,880 --> 00:14:52,800 But 219 00:14:52,800 --> 00:14:59,640 if I'm going to spot one, I'm with the right people. 220 00:14:59,640 --> 00:15:01,240 Okay, we've got word that there are elephants up ahead. 221 00:15:09,080 --> 00:15:12,480 [guide] ...and good to go. 222 00:15:15,800 --> 00:15:16,960 [Gordon] In this area, Sumatra's deforestation is evident. 223 00:15:16,960 --> 00:15:21,040 Only isolated patches 224 00:15:21,040 --> 00:15:25,480 of forest remain. 225 00:15:25,480 --> 00:15:28,160 I can hear them. 226 00:15:28,160 --> 00:15:29,720 [Alex] Can you see this wiggling there? 227 00:15:29,720 --> 00:15:30,760 It's like in here, yeah. 228 00:15:30,760 --> 00:15:32,520 I can hear them. 229 00:15:32,520 --> 00:15:33,400 I can hear the branches breaking. 230 00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:38,520 Let's go a bit closer. 231 00:15:38,520 --> 00:15:40,680 [Alex] On the other side? 232 00:15:44,440 --> 00:15:44,800 On the other side, you see it? [Gordon] Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. 233 00:15:47,960 --> 00:15:50,760 [Gordon] To try and keep the elephants safe, 234 00:15:50,760 --> 00:15:51,640 the team are keeping a close eye on the local herds 235 00:15:51,640 --> 00:15:53,880 with their new gadget. 236 00:16:00,120 --> 00:16:04,040 Okay, come on, where are you? 237 00:16:04,040 --> 00:16:08,880 You have t 238 00:16:08,880 --> 00:16:09,880 o fly here. No, no, to the right, to the right. Sorry. 239 00:16:09,880 --> 00:16:13,840 Go further. 240 00:16:13,840 --> 00:16:16,480 Stop and go straight for maybe 10 metres from there, 10 metres. 241 00:16:16,480 --> 00:16:17,960 Let me look down. 242 00:16:17,960 --> 00:16:21,760 Just look down, you will see them now. 243 00:16:21,760 --> 00:16:24,480 Down there! Down there! You see? 244 00:16:24,480 --> 00:16:26,920 [Gordon] Great. 245 00:16:47,200 --> 00:16:50,520 It's amazing, I have seen elephants many times before 246 00:16:53,120 --> 00:16:56,440 but I've never seen one from a drone. 247 00:17:01,400 --> 00:17:03,200 Just being able to creep in with the drone, 248 00:17:03,200 --> 00:17:05,640 get that overview, 249 00:17:05,640 --> 00:17:07,160 you get a real sense of the makeup of this herd. 250 00:17:07,160 --> 00:17:08,880 What they're doing, where they're going. 251 00:17:14,440 --> 00:17:20,440 [Gordon] Using the drone, 252 00:17:20,440 --> 00:17:25,000 the team can monitor the size and health of each herd with far greater precision than ever before. 253 00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:28,040 Fewer than 2000 elephants remain in Sumatra, 254 00:17:28,040 --> 00:17:32,240 so projects like this 255 00:17:32,240 --> 00:17:32,920 are crucial to stop them disappearing entirely. 256 00:17:34,280 --> 00:17:39,920 But as the forest is cultiva 257 00:17:39,920 --> 00:17:42,000 ted for food and cash crops, elephants and farmers are forced into ever-closer contact. 258 00:17:44,040 --> 00:17:48,920 For the elephants, 259 00:17:48,920 --> 00:17:52,200 territory has shrunk dramatically almost overnight. 260 00:17:52,200 --> 00:17:55,040 But for people trying to make a living, 261 00:17:55,040 --> 00:17:58,560 the elephants could cost them everything. 262 00:17:58,560 --> 00:18:01,000 Baharun depends on his small fields of rubber and oil palm. 263 00:18:18,200 --> 00:18:21,520 [Gordon] If an elephant comesúinto a plantation what happens? 264 00:18:43,240 --> 00:18:48,000 @[Gordon] To defend their crops, 265 00:18:48,000 --> 00:18:48,760 some farmers take things into their own hands. 266 00:18:48,760 --> 00:18:53,280 So rangers 267 00:18:53,280 --> 00:18:56,680 are trying to keep them from clashing. 268 00:18:59,080 --> 00:19:03,680 Although they make a lot of noise, 269 00:19:03,680 --> 00:19:05,280 these scare cannons are completely harmless. 270 00:19:05,280 --> 00:19:07,000 @So you put the carbide in here? 271 00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:14,520 Boom! 272 00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:16,360 [Gordon] It's a valuable innovation, 273 00:19:16,360 --> 00:19:18,400 because the wellbeing of elephants 274 00:19:18,400 --> 00:19:20,440 hasn't always been top of the list. 275 00:19:20,440 --> 00:19:22,680 So what kind of things in the past did people do 276 00:19:22,680 --> 00:19:24,120 to try and keep the elephants away? 277 00:19:47,440 --> 00:19:52,480 [Gordon] When elephants appear, farmers can panic. 278 00:19:52,480 --> 00:19:56,160 The rangers are trying to help by tracking herds with G.P.S. 279 00:19:56,160 --> 00:19:58,600 and warning people before things get out of hand. 280 00:20:05,120 --> 00:20:09,760 This afternoon, news has just come in 281 00:20:09,760 --> 00:20:10,920 that a herd is threatening nearby farms. 282 00:20:15,560 --> 00:20:18,800 Two men employed to guard the crops 283 00:20:18,800 --> 00:20:20,440 are trying to drive the elephants away. 284 00:20:20,440 --> 00:20:25,240 Alex is worried. 285 00:20:25,240 --> 00:20:26,160 [Alex] Its new staff hired from a different part of Indonesia 286 00:20:26,160 --> 00:20:30,160 where people are actually 287 00:20:30,160 --> 00:20:32,040 not used to the presence of elephants anymore. And they're now out in the forest 288 00:20:32,040 --> 00:20:34,680 searching for the elephants, 289 00:20:34,680 --> 00:20:38,640 trying to drive them a little bit further into the forest. No matter how experienced you are, 290 00:20:38,640 --> 00:20:39,640 you're still putting yourself at risk if you're close by. 291 00:20:39,640 --> 00:20:42,280 [Canon firing]. You hear that sound? 292 00:20:42,280 --> 00:20:43,960 Yeah, so tell me about that. 293 00:20:43,960 --> 00:20:45,480 [Alex] Yeah, there's now an actual conflict happening. 294 00:20:45,480 --> 00:20:48,800 Would you put your drone up at the moment? 295 00:20:48,800 --> 00:20:50,800 [Alex] Yes, I will put it up now. 296 00:20:50,800 --> 00:20:53,080 [Gordon] It sounds like so 297 00:20:53,080 --> 00:20:56,720 meone is using a scare canon, and very close by. 298 00:20:56,720 --> 00:20:59,320 This is when the drone really comes into its own. 299 00:20:59,320 --> 00:21:02,200 You can actually fly over an area quickly, 300 00:21:02,200 --> 00:21:03,880 safely, and try and pinpoint exactly where the elephants are. 301 00:21:09,760 --> 00:21:13,240 [Alex] We actually get a very good overview of what's going on. 302 00:21:13,240 --> 00:21:15,480 And now it's all about spotting the elephants 303 00:21:15,480 --> 00:21:17,880 and maybe the guys were driving them. 304 00:21:17,880 --> 00:21:20,040 It's like cat and mouse play in the field, 305 00:21:20,040 --> 00:21:22,880 so the elephants are there somewhere 306 00:21:22,880 --> 00:21:25,480 but we have to now really find them which is not that easy, even with the technology, huh? 307 00:21:25,480 --> 00:21:27,280 So quite excitement here. 308 00:21:36,320 --> 00:21:41,080 [Gordon] While Alex is keeping an eye out from above, 309 00:21:41,080 --> 00:21:44,000 the guards who've been chasing the elephants away 310 00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:44,920 suddenly emerge from the bush unscathed. 311 00:21:49,720 --> 00:21:53,520 Has he actually seen them? 312 00:21:53,520 --> 00:21:55,320 [Gordon] They've been trying to drive the herd away all day, 313 00:21:55,320 --> 00:21:57,280 but head ranger, Albert, is worried that when they're tired 314 00:21:57,280 --> 00:21:59,760 the elephants could lash out. 315 00:22:35,480 --> 00:22:40,040 [Gordon] By converting wilderness to farmland 316 00:22:40,040 --> 00:22:42,120 and shrinking the elephant's territory, 317 00:22:42,120 --> 00:22:42,920 dangerous situations like this can develop on the ground. 318 00:22:49,760 --> 00:22:51,360 Keeping a lid on things isn't easy. 319 00:22:51,360 --> 00:22:55,320 As we head 320 00:22:55,320 --> 00:22:59,920 back to base, there's news of even more sightings. 321 00:23:03,160 --> 00:23:06,560 How many? 322 00:23:20,400 --> 00:23:24,960 [Gordon] These herds are more active after dark, 323 00:23:24,960 --> 00:23:26,840 so that's when conflict tends to peak. 324 00:23:31,400 --> 00:23:32,960 But the team has developed a system 325 00:23:32,960 --> 00:23:34,640 to send all the day's elephant sightings to local farmers. 326 00:23:34,640 --> 00:23:39,080 Tonight's update is almost read 327 00:23:39,080 --> 00:23:42,200 y to go. Yeah, I suppose without this alert, 328 00:23:42,200 --> 00:23:44,560 can you imagine being out in a hut in the dead of night 329 00:23:44,560 --> 00:23:46,200 and a herd of elephant come in to you, it must be terrifying. 330 00:23:47,320 --> 00:23:53,520 [Alex] It's also terrifying 331 00:23:53,520 --> 00:23:54,800 if you know the elephants are moving towards you. These people also have a house and a family in the village, 332 00:23:54,800 --> 00:23:58,640 that means the farmer 333 00:23:58,640 --> 00:24:00,280 after a whole day of working in the field then has to guard his field in the night, huh. 334 00:24:00,280 --> 00:24:02,960 So he cannot do that all year round, right? 335 00:24:02,960 --> 00:24:05,440 When he's going back to the village 336 00:24:05,440 --> 00:24:07,240 he's risking to lose the whole work of the year, 337 00:24:07,240 --> 00:24:11,440 maybe of several years if it's oil palm or rubber. 338 00:24:11,440 --> 00:24:14,320 And it's a really difficult decision for him, yeah? 339 00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:17,240 So by the early warning system which we have here, 340 00:24:17,240 --> 00:24:20,120 it means from the 365 days a year 341 00:24:20,120 --> 00:24:23,720 maybe they only have to only guard the field 342 00:24:23,720 --> 00:24:25,000 maybe 20 or 30 days when the elephants are really close. 343 00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:28,320 And it's for them a great relief. 344 00:24:28,320 --> 00:24:30,960 Yeah, but of course, it works both ways. 345 00:24:30,960 --> 00:24:33,240 This isn't just to protect the people from elephants, 346 00:24:33,240 --> 00:24:35,480 it's to protect elephants from people. 347 00:24:35,480 --> 00:24:38,520 [Alex] Sure. 348 00:24:38,520 --> 00:24:39,200 Our main goal is to protect the wildlife. 349 00:24:39,200 --> 00:24:43,200 [Engines revving]. 350 00:24:43,200 --> 00:24:45,840 [Gordon] Across Sumatra, as land is given over to development, 351 00:24:45,840 --> 00:24:48,480 turf wars between people and wildlife are on the rise. 352 00:24:48,480 --> 00:24:53,440 So what I've s 353 00:24:53,440 --> 00:24:56,760 een here really does matter. But there's a lot of hope. 354 00:24:56,760 --> 00:24:58,520 It's about actually communities 355 00:24:58,520 --> 00:25:00,280 and conservationists and scientists 356 00:25:00,280 --> 00:25:01,280 coming together and working together 357 00:25:01,280 --> 00:25:03,680 to help solve the problem. 358 00:25:03,680 --> 00:25:07,920 And more importantly for me, 359 00:25:07,920 --> 00:25:08,600 it's to provide these elephants with a future. 360 00:25:15,320 --> 00:25:16,080 You know, after all, they were here before we were. 361 00:25:21,400 --> 00:25:23,120 [Gordon] As the economy grows, and more land is cultivated, 362 00:25:23,120 --> 00:25:25,520 wildlife is suffering here. 363 00:25:26,960 --> 00:25:32,480 And in m 364 00:25:32,480 --> 00:25:34,520 any parts of South East Asia,land is now farmed more intensively than ever, 365 00:25:34,520 --> 00:25:37,080 as global demand for one cash crop has rocketed. 366 00:25:43,080 --> 00:25:43,880 Palm oil is used in processed food, 367 00:25:43,880 --> 00:25:46,440 cosmetics and as a fuel. 368 00:25:46,440 --> 00:25:50,240 In Indonesia alone, 369 00:25:50,240 --> 00:25:51,400 a piece of forest the size of a football pitch 370 00:25:51,400 --> 00:25:52,840 is lost every 25 seconds. 371 00:25:58,160 --> 00:25:59,680 It's big business in Malaysia too. 372 00:25:59,680 --> 00:26:01,280 And I'm on my way to the northern tip 373 00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:03,720 of the island of Borneo, 374 00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:05,360 where the drive for profit 375 00:26:05,360 --> 00:26:06,120 has hit one species particularly hard. 376 00:26:13,000 --> 00:26:17,800 More than a third of Borneo's forests 377 00:26:17,800 --> 00:26:18,400 have been wiped out by logging and palm oil production. 378 00:26:25,400 --> 00:26:30,400 This is Sepilok, 379 00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:32,440 where a small stretch of virgin forest has been protected 380 00:26:32,440 --> 00:26:34,360 to create a rehabilitation centre for orangutans. 381 00:26:40,280 --> 00:26:40,880 Many orphaned as a direct result of deforestation. 382 00:26:46,320 --> 00:26:47,600 Tombi. Tombi. 383 00:26:49,400 --> 00:26:53,520 Good morning. 384 00:26:53,520 --> 00:26:56,360 [Gordon] First, there's 385 00:26:56,360 --> 00:26:58,960 a chance for me to meet some of the reserve's newest residents. 386 00:26:58,960 --> 00:27:01,080 [Dr. Sarkawi] So can you help me to write? 387 00:27:01,080 --> 00:27:02,960 Yeah, absolutely. 388 00:27:02,960 --> 00:27:04,960 That is one of my few skills. 389 00:27:04,960 --> 00:27:06,360 [Gordon] Vet Dr. Nabila Sarkawi is giving these orphans 390 00:27:06,360 --> 00:27:09,880 their routine medical check. 391 00:27:09,880 --> 00:27:13,120 [Gordon] So everything okay? 392 00:27:13,120 --> 00:27:14,120 Yeah, everything okay on Tombi. 393 00:27:14,120 --> 00:27:16,640 [Dr. Sarkawi] This is Koko. 394 00:27:16,640 --> 00:27:18,520 [Gordon] Koko? 395 00:27:18,520 --> 00:27:20,080 [Dr. Sarkawi] Yeah. 396 00:27:20,080 --> 00:27:21,360 I have seen an orangutan in the wild before 397 00:27:21,360 --> 00:27:26,120 but always at like a distance. 398 00:27:26,120 --> 00:27:27,840 They're just brimming with intelligence and curiosity. 399 00:27:35,680 --> 00:27:36,760 [Gordon] Females only give birth once every seven or eight years. 400 00:27:45,200 --> 00:27:47,440 Each baby is truly precious. The most important question is do I get the job? 401 00:27:47,440 --> 00:27:50,200 [Laughing]. 402 00:27:50,200 --> 00:27:51,880 I only got one thing wrong. 403 00:27:51,880 --> 00:27:53,080 [Dr. Sarkawi] I'll tell you later. 404 00:27:53,080 --> 00:27:55,440 I'll get back to you. 405 00:27:55,440 --> 00:27:56,520 [Gordon] These youngsters are being prepared for release 406 00:27:56,520 --> 00:27:59,920 into the reserve, 407 00:27:59,920 --> 00:28:00,440 where they can breed and boost the fragile population. 408 00:28:06,240 --> 00:28:07,320 But while they're here they will also be helping with research. 409 00:28:10,000 --> 00:28:15,400 As the 410 00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:18,840 orangutans learn how to negotiate the canopy, conservationists want to try 411 00:28:18,840 --> 00:28:21,360 a brand-new way of monitoring them, 412 00:28:21,360 --> 00:28:22,120 which could be critical to saving the whole species. 413 00:28:28,200 --> 00:28:31,120 If this was a human that we were following, 414 00:28:31,120 --> 00:28:33,400 they'd be very suspicious by now. 415 00:28:33,400 --> 00:28:35,040 [Serge] Yeah, they probably are a little bit as well. 416 00:28:35,040 --> 00:28:38,880 [Gordon] What are these guys up to? 417 00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:41,080 [Gordon] Working with the World Wildlife Fund, 418 00:28:41,080 --> 00:28:41,520 Professor Serge Wich is a leading authority on great apes. 419 00:28:43,320 --> 00:28:48,200 Their strength is unbelievable. 420 00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:49,880 Like a ballerina combined with a weight lifter. 421 00:28:49,880 --> 00:28:51,840 [Serge] Yeah, yeah. 422 00:28:51,840 --> 00:28:54,200 Da-da-da-da-da-da. 423 00:28:54,200 --> 00:28:55,840 Yeah, they're incredibly strong. 424 00:28:55,840 --> 00:29:00,320 They can hang and 425 00:29:00,320 --> 00:29:01,920 feed for a long time before moving. 426 00:29:01,920 --> 00:29:06,720 And they're so well adapted to being up in that canopy 427 00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:08,160 and navigate that very complex three-dimensional space. 428 00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:17,960 [Gordon] When any species is threatened with extinction, 429 00:29:17,960 --> 00:29:19,560 it's crucial to know exactly how many individuals are left 430 00:29:19,560 --> 00:29:24,040 and where, 431 00:29:24,040 --> 00:29:25,640 so that those areas can be protected. 432 00:29:25,640 --> 00:29:27,920 But counting orangutans in the 433 00:29:27,920 --> 00:29:29,520 wild is easier said than done. 434 00:29:29,520 --> 00:29:34,520 It's a very good illustration of how diffi 435 00:29:34,520 --> 00:29:37,560 cult it can be to observe a forest-dwelling creature, 436 00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:40,160 you can see one tuft of arm hair and that's it. 437 00:29:40,160 --> 00:29:44,080 [Serge] Yes, it's really quite fascinating, 438 00:29:44,080 --> 00:29:47,240 but it's really difficult to study. 439 00:29:47,240 --> 00:29:50,600 Because we're on the ground and we're always looking up. [Gordon] To solve that problem, 440 00:29:50,600 --> 00:29:51,880 Serge is planning an aerial revolution. 441 00:29:51,880 --> 00:29:56,040 So if we can fly over the forest 442 00:29:56,040 --> 00:29:58,440 and then monitor the orangutans from the air, 443 00:29:58,440 --> 00:30:01,280 then maybe we can do that for less money and faster 444 00:30:01,280 --> 00:30:03,440 and make it very accurate and as automated as we can. 445 00:30:09,240 --> 00:30:11,320 [Gordon] To spot them from above, 446 00:30:11,320 --> 00:30:12,960 Serge needs to see through the canopy. 447 00:30:12,960 --> 00:30:14,880 Tonight he hopes to do just that during the test-flight 448 00:30:16,360 --> 00:30:21,240 of a new heat-sensitive eye-in-the-sky. 449 00:30:21,240 --> 00:30:24,560 I'm really excited, we've never done this before. 450 00:30:24,560 --> 00:30:26,320 Oh, really? 451 00:30:26,320 --> 00:30:27,880 Yeah. 452 00:30:30,280 --> 00:30:33,040 So we're gonna go over to the drone team 453 00:30:33,040 --> 00:30:35,080 and see if they can spot the orangutan 454 00:30:35,080 --> 00:30:37,400 that we've been watching for the last hour. 455 00:30:37,400 --> 00:30:41,800 [drone automated voice] 456 00:30:41,800 --> 00:30:42,800 Power on. One. [Gordon] Serge has teamed up with a group of astrophysicists 457 00:30:42,800 --> 00:30:46,200 who are developing software 458 00:30:46,200 --> 00:30:47,080 to work with heat-sensitive cameras. 459 00:30:51,520 --> 00:30:53,160 So the thermal camera itself has been sort of stripped back 460 00:30:53,160 --> 00:30:56,800 to just the bare essential. 461 00:30:56,800 --> 00:30:59,240 [Gordon] They've modified an off-the-shelf drone 462 00:30:59,240 --> 00:31:01,960 to carry both an optical camera 463 00:31:01,960 --> 00:31:04,040 and their new thermal infra-red camera. 464 00:31:04,040 --> 00:31:07,600 [astrophysicist] Okay, it's good to go. 465 00:31:07,600 --> 00:31:10,000 It's a flying brain. 466 00:31:12,680 --> 00:31:15,000 [Drone buzzing]. 467 00:31:20,600 --> 00:31:24,800 [Serge] Yeah, you can go up a lot more. 468 00:31:24,800 --> 00:31:26,440 We've gone up to 20, 30 metres. 469 00:31:26,440 --> 00:31:28,240 [Gordon] Project scientist Dr. Claire Burke 470 00:31:28,240 --> 00:31:31,800 has adapted techniques 471 00:31:31,800 --> 00:31:32,320 first used to monitor far flung stars and galaxies 472 00:31:36,920 --> 00:31:38,120 [Serge] It's under 45 degrees, right? 473 00:31:38,120 --> 00:31:39,440 [Dr. Burke] Yeah. 474 00:31:41,240 --> 00:31:44,640 [Gordon] The idea is 475 00:31:44,640 --> 00:31:45,680 that the sensor will detect the difference in temperature between an orangutan and its surroundings. 476 00:31:50,440 --> 00:31:54,280 The best time to try this is at night 477 00:31:54,280 --> 00:31:57,640 when the forest has cooled down, 478 00:31:57,640 --> 00:31:59,960 hopefully allowing the body heat of the orangutans 479 00:31:59,960 --> 00:32:02,000 to stand out. 480 00:32:05,520 --> 00:32:10,320 [Dr. Burke] Can't quite see it from here. 481 00:32:10,320 --> 00:32:12,960 [Gordon] But with technology this new, 482 00:32:12,960 --> 00:32:13,960 you have to expect a few teething problems. 483 00:32:13,960 --> 00:32:16,840 [drone automated voice] Signal low. 484 00:32:16,840 --> 00:32:19,680 [Dr. Burke] I thin 485 00:32:19,680 --> 00:32:24,680 k the software has crashed. Okay. 486 00:32:24,680 --> 00:32:27,120 [Dr. Burke] So we'll look at the data when it lands anyway. [Gordon] The team can still fly the drone, but it's no longer 487 00:32:27,120 --> 00:32:30,840 . 488 00:32:30,840 --> 00:32:32,240 We have a good idea of how the physics works 489 00:32:32,240 --> 00:32:34,440 and what should work. 490 00:32:34,440 --> 00:32:38,840 But sometimes in reality things don't work out that way. 491 00:32:41,840 --> 00:32:45,240 Touchdown. 492 00:32:48,880 --> 00:32:51,080 I love how we just take that for granted, something that 20 years ago 493 00:32:51,080 --> 00:32:52,920 you'd have just thought this was a U.F.O. 494 00:32:52,920 --> 00:32:54,400 But now you'd say, "Yeah, it's just a drone!" 495 00:32:54,400 --> 00:32:56,440 Just a drone. 496 00:32:56,440 --> 00:32:59,160 [Gordon] Before we k 497 00:32:59,160 --> 00:33:00,760 now if it's worked,there's a long night of data crunching ahead. 498 00:33:06,840 --> 00:33:10,160 [Gordon] Next morning, the results are in. 499 00:33:14,040 --> 00:33:14,800 [Gordon] That is incredible! 500 00:33:14,800 --> 00:33:18,760 That is really amazing. 501 00:33:18,760 --> 00:33:19,680 You can't see it at all... 502 00:33:19,680 --> 00:33:21,720 No, not one tiny bit. 503 00:33:21,720 --> 00:33:23,760 [Serge] ...in the visual light. 504 00:33:23,760 --> 00:33:26,400 [Serge] And that's its head. 505 00:33:26,400 --> 00:33:27,280 [Dr. Burke] Yeah, you can see him perhaps moving its arms [Serge] Yeah. 506 00:33:32,480 --> 00:33:35,120 That's astonishing. [Dr. Burke] And you can't see it at all with a regular camera. [Serge] Yeah, and it's low now 507 00:33:35,120 --> 00:33:37,320 [Gordon] Yeah, so this is the orangutan from last night? 508 00:33:37,320 --> 00:33:40,600 Compared to the tree trunks he just glows like a beacon. 509 00:33:40,600 --> 00:33:43,640 The sliding from that optical camera to thermal camera 510 00:33:43,640 --> 00:33:48,160 is like a sort of veil 511 00:33:48,160 --> 00:33:50,360 being kind of taken away from your eyes. 512 00:33:50,360 --> 00:33:52,960 [Dr. Burke] Yeah, 'cause you can't see it at all 513 00:33:52,960 --> 00:33:54,120 with the regular camera. It's really, really obvious. 514 00:33:54,120 --> 00:33:55,960 [Serge] Yeah. 515 00:33:55,960 --> 00:33:57,760 Infrared is a completely new world for us, 516 00:33:57,760 --> 00:34:00,840 and that enables us to know sooner 517 00:34:00,840 --> 00:34:02,720 whether our conservation strategies 518 00:34:02,720 --> 00:34:05,040 are working or failing, 519 00:34:05,040 --> 00:34:06,120 which is incredibly exciting. 520 00:34:10,160 --> 00:34:12,360 [Gordon] As the demand for cash crops increases unabated, 521 00:34:12,360 --> 00:34:16,120 space-age tech could be a vital weapon 522 00:34:16,120 --> 00:34:17,640 in the battle to protect vulnerable species. 523 00:34:29,120 --> 00:34:34,840 It's been sobering 524 00:34:34,840 --> 00:34:38,760 to see how wild places along the equator are shrinking, pushing animals like the orangutan 525 00:34:38,760 --> 00:34:41,280 to the brink of extinction. 526 00:34:41,280 --> 00:34:44,120 But I've heard there's an even rarer creature 527 00:34:44,120 --> 00:34:47,160 that might just beat the odds, 528 00:34:47,160 --> 00:34:48,160 if one remote piece of wilderness can be preserved. 529 00:34:54,280 --> 00:34:54,840 [Gordon] To get there, I'm heading to the Indonesian side 530 00:34:54,840 --> 00:34:58,320 of the island of Borneo. 531 00:34:58,320 --> 00:34:58,880 Straddling the equator is the province of East Kalimantan. 532 00:35:01,080 --> 00:35:06,040 I'm on my way to a place called Lake Mesangat. 533 00:35:06,040 --> 00:35:09,680 It's probably best described as being in the middle of nowhere. 534 00:35:09,680 --> 00:35:14,480 It's in East Kalimantan and it is home 535 00:35:14,480 --> 00:35:16,480 to one of the rarest, most endangered species 536 00:35:16,480 --> 00:35:20,280 in South East Asia. 537 00:35:20,280 --> 00:35:22,440 Here be dragons. 538 00:35:26,640 --> 00:35:30,800 [Gordon] The Siamese crocodile was once found all over South East Asia. 539 00:35:30,800 --> 00:35:35,480 But they've been hunted for their skins 540 00:35:35,480 --> 00:35:36,480 and much of their habitat has been converted to farmland. 541 00:35:43,160 --> 00:35:45,400 In Indonesia, this species was even considered extinct 542 00:35:45,400 --> 00:35:47,560 until a small group was found clinging on right here. 543 00:35:53,920 --> 00:35:56,960 Covering 46 square miles, 544 00:35:56,960 --> 00:35:58,280 the wetlands of Mesangat provide the crocodiles 545 00:35:58,280 --> 00:36:00,640 with a valuable refuge. 546 00:36:02,800 --> 00:36:07,760 But this area has been threatened 547 00:36:07,760 --> 00:36:08,120 by plans to drain the swamp and cultivate the land for profit. 548 00:36:14,560 --> 00:36:18,040 We came off the main river and came in to this little creek 549 00:36:18,040 --> 00:36:21,200 that had just got more and more beautiful. 550 00:36:29,800 --> 00:36:34,320 [Gordon] I'm here with members of a group of conservationists, 551 00:36:34,320 --> 00:36:36,920 concerned landowners and officials 552 00:36:36,920 --> 00:36:40,480 called the Mesangat Forum. 553 00:36:40,480 --> 00:36:43,840 They've lobbied for protection against development here, 554 00:36:43,840 --> 00:36:45,560 of such a crucial habitat for the crocodiles. 555 00:36:51,040 --> 00:36:54,000 To show how important it is, 556 00:36:54,000 --> 00:36:56,000 they need to know exactly how many crocs live here. 557 00:36:56,000 --> 00:36:59,320 So we're heading for nesting sites deep within the swamp. 558 00:37:03,880 --> 00:37:05,760 How far now? 559 00:37:05,760 --> 00:37:07,360 350 metres from here. 560 00:37:08,320 --> 00:37:12,600 350 metres, excellent. 561 00:37:12,600 --> 00:37:17,640 [Gordon] With wild animals, 562 00:37:17,640 --> 00:37:21,680 it pays to take things slowly. Siamese crocodiles generally avoid contact with people, 563 00:37:21,680 --> 00:37:24,240 but fishermen here have been attacked. 564 00:37:31,640 --> 00:37:32,720 And we're now on high alert because the team suspects there's a nest right here, 565 00:37:32,720 --> 00:37:36,800 tucked away in the reeds. 566 00:37:36,800 --> 00:37:39,600 Just gonna whisper for a bit 567 00:37:39,600 --> 00:37:41,760 because there is a chance that the mother's gonna be around. 568 00:37:41,760 --> 00:37:43,080 And if she is, I'd like to get a look at her. 569 00:37:47,760 --> 00:37:49,400 So it's the other side of this vegetation. 570 00:37:49,400 --> 00:37:50,160 Actually the nest's supposed to be here. 571 00:37:57,000 --> 00:37:59,720 [Gordon] We can't get any closer in the canoe, but reptile scientist Masilem 572 00:37:59,720 --> 00:38:00,720 has acquired a new piece of kit for the survey. 573 00:38:06,000 --> 00:38:07,560 If there is a female nesting, 574 00:38:07,560 --> 00:38:08,120 using the drone will be less disruptive for her 575 00:38:08,120 --> 00:38:11,280 and safer for us. 576 00:38:11,280 --> 00:38:14,600 [Masilem] So I can show you 577 00:38:14,600 --> 00:38:19,840 where the nest is. 578 00:38:19,840 --> 00:38:23,160 So this is the nest. 579 00:38:23,160 --> 00:38:25,000 Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah. You can see it very clearly. 580 00:38:25,000 --> 00:38:28,240 And can you tell if it's a new nest or an old one? 581 00:38:28,240 --> 00:38:30,480 [Masilem] This is the old one because this condition of the nest. 582 00:38:36,160 --> 00:38:38,640 So it's an old nest, but it is a nest. 583 00:38:38,640 --> 00:38:41,920 The nest is, what, four, five metres from us, 584 00:38:43,000 --> 00:38:47,000 and we can't see it? 585 00:38:47,000 --> 00:38:48,360 [Masilem] Yes. 586 00:38:48,360 --> 00:38:50,760 Now that I'm here on the ground 587 00:38:50,760 --> 00:38:53,320 it feels like the only solution to this problem is getting up there. 588 00:38:55,800 --> 00:38:57,400 [Gordon] Logging nests is useful, 589 00:38:57,400 --> 00:38:59,120 but what's even more valuable 590 00:38:59,120 --> 00:39:00,440 is a tally of actual croc sightings. 591 00:39:00,440 --> 00:39:04,480 The mother and bab 592 00:39:04,480 --> 00:39:09,480 ies from this old nest are long gone. 593 00:39:09,480 --> 00:39:09,920 But nearby there's another nest more recently occupied. 594 00:39:18,920 --> 00:39:24,400 [Gordon] As night falls, 595 00:39:24,400 --> 00:39:27,760 we continue our search for this rarest of creaturesunder cover of darkness. 596 00:39:31,840 --> 00:39:33,400 Gonna switch off my light. 597 00:39:33,400 --> 00:39:36,600 Pitch black! 598 00:39:36,600 --> 00:39:39,760 [Gordon] And it's 599 00:39:39,760 --> 00:39:44,400 not long before Masilem spots something. 600 00:39:44,400 --> 00:39:45,880 Everyone's gesticulating wildly up ahead, 601 00:39:45,880 --> 00:39:49,600 so I think we must be close. 602 00:39:49,600 --> 00:39:51,560 Can't see anything at the moment. 603 00:40:12,640 --> 00:40:16,040 Whereabouts, whereabouts? 604 00:40:19,880 --> 00:40:23,800 Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, I see one. 605 00:40:23,800 --> 00:40:28,360 Ah, very cool. 606 00:40:28,360 --> 00:40:28,880 Just at the bottom of those kind of thick grass stalks 607 00:40:30,440 --> 00:40:34,960 there's a tiny baby, 608 00:40:34,960 --> 00:40:35,840 maybe about kind of ten inches long. 609 00:40:39,720 --> 00:40:41,000 Yeah, let's get closer. 610 00:40:45,240 --> 00:40:46,920 It is this tiny little mini version of its mother. 611 00:40:53,760 --> 00:40:54,480 There you go. 612 00:40:54,480 --> 00:40:55,920 Nice and steady. 613 00:40:58,880 --> 00:41:00,440 You are a stunning little thing. 614 00:41:00,440 --> 00:41:03,880 Oh, oh, th 615 00:41:03,880 --> 00:41:09,480 at is just amazing. 616 00:41:13,720 --> 00:41:17,680 And he's seen enough of me. 617 00:41:17,680 --> 00:41:19,120 [Chuckling]. 618 00:41:27,640 --> 00:41:31,720 Down he goes. 619 00:41:31,720 --> 00:41:34,040 That's not bad for 620 00:41:34,040 --> 00:41:39,520 a night's effort. 621 00:41:39,520 --> 00:41:41,120 To come out with that sort of sole intent of seeing it 622 00:41:41,120 --> 00:41:45,560 and being able to see it, 623 00:41:45,560 --> 00:41:46,360 that doesn't happen often with animals. 624 00:41:46,360 --> 00:41:49,000 Especially elusive creatures 625 00:41:49,000 --> 00:41:51,640 that live in quite kind of complex, 626 00:41:51,640 --> 00:41:54,720 difficult environments. 627 00:41:59,600 --> 00:42:04,040 [Gordon] It's incredible to come face to face 628 00:42:04,040 --> 00:42:06,720 with the next generation of a species 629 00:42:06,720 --> 00:42:07,440 that seems to be coming back from the brink. 630 00:42:12,440 --> 00:42:16,880 Every confirmed sighting helps to prove 631 00:42:16,880 --> 00:42:18,200 just how valuable this habitat is. 632 00:42:19,760 --> 00:42:25,360 But the be 633 00:42:25,360 --> 00:42:28,280 st hope of securing the future of this place is to get a handle on crocodile numbers 634 00:42:28,280 --> 00:42:31,440 right across the wetlands. 635 00:42:31,440 --> 00:42:33,480 So the team has now embarked on an ambitious project. 636 00:42:35,120 --> 00:42:39,600 Instead of paddling through the waterways, 637 00:42:39,600 --> 00:42:41,800 we've come to the edge of the swamp 638 00:42:41,800 --> 00:42:42,920 to try out their new prototype. 639 00:42:47,600 --> 00:42:49,760 I would never have thought there was an aircraft in this rucksack. 640 00:42:49,760 --> 00:42:52,760 Well, I mean, it's very simple. 641 00:42:52,760 --> 00:42:56,720 If you looked at it, the side is all just kind of polystyrene. One motor, one battery. 642 00:42:56,720 --> 00:42:58,280 [Masilem] Yeah, it's very, very simple. 643 00:42:58,280 --> 00:42:59,760 Low-tech high tech 644 00:42:59,760 --> 00:43:01,200 [Masilem] Yeah. 645 00:43:02,720 --> 00:43:06,000 [Aircraft buzzing]. 646 00:43:10,480 --> 00:43:12,640 [Masilem] Great. 647 00:43:12,640 --> 00:43:15,040 [Gordon] With this aerial survey, 648 00:43:15,040 --> 00:43:16,520 they're aiming for the most accurate estimate yet 649 00:43:16,520 --> 00:43:17,840 of crocodile numbers across the entire ecosystem. 650 00:43:23,960 --> 00:43:24,640 It's very birdlike actually, very graceful. 651 00:43:24,640 --> 00:43:29,200 What height do you fly at? 652 00:43:29,200 --> 00:43:30,080 [Masilem] Between 18 metres and 100 metres. 653 00:43:30,080 --> 00:43:32,240 18 to 100? 654 00:43:32,240 --> 00:43:34,120 Yeah. 655 00:43:34,120 --> 00:43:35,640 [Gordon] The drone takes 600 high-res photos 656 00:43:35,640 --> 00:43:38,920 during each flight. 657 00:43:38,920 --> 00:43:41,840 And this latest batch will add to a huge aerial map 658 00:43:41,840 --> 00:43:43,360 pieced together into a mosaic of over 10,000 images. 659 00:43:49,120 --> 00:43:50,800 [Gordon] These are amazing pictures. 660 00:43:50,800 --> 00:43:53,160 [Gordon] The best way to identify where the crocs might be hiding 661 00:43:53,160 --> 00:43:56,360 is to search for the nests from above. 662 00:43:56,360 --> 00:44:00,400 [Masilem] Can you identify where is the nest? 663 00:44:00,400 --> 00:44:01,720 O-oh, I like a challenge, I like a challenge. 664 00:44:01,720 --> 00:44:05,320 Um, I'm allowed to zoom in? 665 00:44:05,320 --> 00:44:07,680 [Masilem] Yeah, actually, yes. 666 00:44:07,680 --> 00:44:10,560 Okay, let me see, let me see. 667 00:44:10,560 --> 00:44:12,160 I was gonna say just sort of bang in the middle. 668 00:44:12,160 --> 00:44:15,440 Is that it? 669 00:44:15,440 --> 00:44:17,200 [Masilem] Yeah, you are correct. Yeah, it all makes sense 670 00:44:17,200 --> 00:44:18,400 why doing this from the sky is the best way. 671 00:44:18,400 --> 00:44:20,040 [Masilem] Yeah, the best way. 672 00:44:23,760 --> 00:44:27,680 [Gordon] The images collected 673 00:44:27,680 --> 00:44:30,800 will allow the team to narrow their search on the ground to identify as many crocs as they can 674 00:44:30,800 --> 00:44:32,040 and preserve this crucial habitat long into the future. 675 00:44:45,320 --> 00:44:49,240 [Gordon] I'm blown away by how aerial photography 676 00:44:49,240 --> 00:44:52,520 is being adapted 677 00:44:52,520 --> 00:44:58,280 to help protect wildlife right across this region. 678 00:44:58,280 --> 00:45:00,400 And finally, I'm heading back to the sinking city of Jakarta 679 00:45:00,400 --> 00:45:03,080 to find out how people are also using cutting-edge technology 680 00:45:03,080 --> 00:45:06,200 to protect themselves. 681 00:45:11,680 --> 00:45:14,360 [Gordon] First stop, a downtown cafe 682 00:45:14,360 --> 00:45:16,320 where local researchers are harnessing social media 683 00:45:16,320 --> 00:45:18,720 to try and keep people safe and healthy 684 00:45:18,720 --> 00:45:20,840 when the waters start rising. 685 00:45:24,360 --> 00:45:27,080 Hello. 686 00:45:27,080 --> 00:45:28,880 How are you? 687 00:45:28,880 --> 00:45:29,800 [Nashin] Good. How are you? I'm Gordon. Hi. 688 00:45:29,800 --> 00:45:31,480 [Dika] Nice to meet you. You too. 689 00:45:31,480 --> 00:45:33,440 So what are all those dots all over the city? 690 00:45:33,440 --> 00:45:37,120 So these represent flood reports. 691 00:45:37,120 --> 00:45:40,760 And so it shows an overview of the flooding situation 692 00:45:40,760 --> 00:45:43,560 where it's flooding in the city in real time. 693 00:45:43,560 --> 00:45:48,000 [Gordon] Nashin M 694 00:45:48,000 --> 00:45:51,200 ahtani and Dika Fadmastuti have been working on software 695 00:45:51,200 --> 00:45:52,360 that gives real-time warnings as the floods play out. 696 00:45:52,360 --> 00:45:55,880 Those are all individual reports from who? 697 00:45:55,880 --> 00:46:00,040 From residents of the city, 698 00:46:00,040 --> 00:46:02,040 because we noticed that when it floods 699 00:46:02,040 --> 00:46:03,920 that's one of the first sort of reactions people have 700 00:46:03,920 --> 00:46:05,840 is to post the flooding situation 701 00:46:05,840 --> 00:46:07,800 on their social media account. 702 00:46:07,800 --> 00:46:09,160 And so we recognised this is a data source 703 00:46:09,160 --> 00:46:12,880 that could be leveraged for disaster response. 704 00:46:12,880 --> 00:46:15,800 So if, for example, there's water coming in through door, 705 00:46:15,800 --> 00:46:19,120 so I'll just put like "#Flood" and just send that? 706 00:46:19,120 --> 00:46:24,120 [Dika] Mm-hmm. Okay. Send. 707 00:46:24,120 --> 00:46:26,480 [Gordon] The software recognises messages related to flooding 708 00:46:26,480 --> 00:46:28,960 and contacts the sender to gather critical information. 709 00:46:28,960 --> 00:46:32,000 So it's asking you to confirm the location. 710 00:46:32,000 --> 00:46:33,880 Is that one? 711 00:46:33,880 --> 00:46:34,800 [Dika] Yeah. 712 00:46:34,800 --> 00:46:36,800 Confirm. 713 00:46:36,800 --> 00:46:37,960 [Dika] And also to confirm the flood height. 714 00:46:37,960 --> 00:46:38,840 Wow, and will it just take a photo? 715 00:46:38,840 --> 00:46:41,080 [Dika] Yeah. 716 00:46:44,680 --> 00:46:46,720 It said "success" and your map is here. 717 00:46:46,720 --> 00:46:50,920 Wow. 718 00:46:50,920 --> 00:46:51,920 [Nashin] And if you click the report...[Dika] And if you click the report, 719 00:46:51,920 --> 00:46:53,400 your flood is here. 720 00:46:53,400 --> 00:46:58,480 And so you've got the flood height, 721 00:46:58,480 --> 00:46:59,240 your description and a photo. That is amazing. So in under a minute you can put a witness report out 722 00:47:00,520 --> 00:47:04,640 to the world. 723 00:47:04,640 --> 00:47:07,680 It's a free online tool, 724 00:47:07,680 --> 00:47:10,120 so it's available for other residents to use to make decisions about their own safety. 725 00:47:10,120 --> 00:47:12,840 But also we work with a disaster management agency, 726 00:47:12,840 --> 00:47:15,520 and they are monitoring the map in real time. 727 00:47:15,520 --> 00:47:17,840 So they're able to view incoming reports 728 00:47:17,840 --> 00:47:20,600 and respond to resident needs, 729 00:47:20,600 --> 00:47:22,320 and they're better able to allocate their resources 730 00:47:22,320 --> 00:47:24,720 in a more a timely manner as well. 731 00:47:24,720 --> 00:47:27,920 [Gordon] Of course, 732 00:47:27,920 --> 00:47:31,040 this kind of disaster response is only a stopgap. 733 00:47:31,040 --> 00:47:32,920 To end the floods will take huge investment in infrastructure. 734 00:47:39,120 --> 00:47:42,120 But in the meantime, one man is working on a low-tech way 735 00:47:42,120 --> 00:47:44,920 to improve things straight away. 736 00:47:50,160 --> 00:47:51,960 [Gordon] In the neighbourhood of Kampung Tongkol, 737 00:47:51,960 --> 00:47:53,840 people rely on water from underground, 738 00:47:53,840 --> 00:47:56,160 because their local river is too dirty to use. 739 00:48:00,760 --> 00:48:02,000 Community leader Gugun Mohamed explains why. 740 00:48:22,520 --> 00:48:27,000 [Gordon] Determined to improve the unhygienic conditions, 741 00:48:27,000 --> 00:48:29,680 Gugun started to turn things around, 742 00:48:29,680 --> 00:48:32,600 one street at a time. 743 00:48:32,600 --> 00:48:36,080 He started small with a rubbish bin outside every home. 744 00:48:36,080 --> 00:48:38,400 So all the households put their trash in here? 745 00:48:44,160 --> 00:48:45,560 [Gordon] And he's now persuaded the government 746 00:48:45,560 --> 00:48:50,400 to begin work on the river itself. 747 00:48:50,400 --> 00:48:54,000 So have you seen improvement 748 00:48:54,000 --> 00:48:54,840 since the river started to be cleaned? 749 00:49:02,760 --> 00:49:07,720 Do you think there might be a day 750 00:49:07,720 --> 00:49:12,000 where the people living in these houses can use this water? 751 00:49:22,440 --> 00:49:27,160 [Gordon] It's such a simple idea, 752 00:49:27,160 --> 00:49:28,720 yet this could be a small but significant victory 753 00:49:28,720 --> 00:49:30,440 in the ongoing war against the floods. 754 00:49:39,520 --> 00:49:43,560 The people of Jakarta are resilient. 755 00:49:43,560 --> 00:49:48,000 They are inventive. 756 00:49:48,000 --> 00:49:50,960 And this is a country that is dealing with a lot. 757 00:49:50,960 --> 00:49:53,680 It's seeing agricultural, industrial, 758 00:49:53,680 --> 00:49:56,760 technological revolution happen 759 00:49:56,760 --> 00:49:59,000 in a very, very short space of time. 760 00:50:08,080 --> 00:50:12,800 [Gordon] In the face of South East Asia's economic boom, 761 00:50:12,800 --> 00:50:15,720 the situation seems particularly chaotic. 762 00:50:15,720 --> 00:50:19,000 But my journey along the equator here has been inspiring. 763 00:50:26,480 --> 00:50:27,280 We live in an incredibly exciting, pivotal time 764 00:50:27,280 --> 00:50:31,560 in our planet's history. 765 00:50:31,560 --> 00:50:35,600 To have that aerial 766 00:50:35,600 --> 00:50:38,880 perspective of the equator, to be up there looking down, 767 00:50:38,880 --> 00:50:42,160 it allows us to see the equator's problems. 768 00:50:42,160 --> 00:50:46,600 And I've seen how some brilliant people 769 00:50:46,600 --> 00:50:49,400 are using their commitment and ingenuity 770 00:50:49,400 --> 00:50:51,760 to start putting some of those problems to rights. 771 00:50:53,040 --> 00:50:58,560 [Gordon] If they can harness 772 00:50:58,560 --> 00:51:01,040 this region's technological revolution to preserve South East Asia's wildlife 773 00:51:01,040 --> 00:51:04,280 and safeguard its people, 774 00:51:04,280 --> 00:51:04,920 then there really will be more hope for the future. 58150

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