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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:16,182 --> 00:00:19,728 Have you ever spoken to your therapist, Mr. Barrett, 2 00:00:19,769 --> 00:00:23,440 about this phenomena of repression? 3 00:00:24,733 --> 00:00:26,985 Your honor, I'm going to object. 4 00:00:27,027 --> 00:00:29,529 Counsel does not have carte blanche to inquire 5 00:00:29,571 --> 00:00:32,240 into what the law recognizes to be 6 00:00:32,282 --> 00:00:34,367 a highly protected right of privacy. 7 00:00:34,409 --> 00:00:37,245 That is a discussion between an individual 8 00:00:37,287 --> 00:00:40,081 and a therapist if it involves a confidential communication-- 9 00:00:40,123 --> 00:00:42,208 It is a big thing between carte blanche-- 10 00:00:42,250 --> 00:00:44,878 I'm not asking about if she discussed shopping habits 11 00:00:44,919 --> 00:00:47,505 - with her therapist. - I'm asking about the phenomena 12 00:00:47,547 --> 00:00:49,716 of repression which is, according to Ms. Lipsker, 13 00:00:49,758 --> 00:00:51,718 - what this case is about. - Objection to that, 14 00:00:51,760 --> 00:00:53,887 your honor. I ask that it be stricken from the record. 15 00:00:53,928 --> 00:00:55,722 Ms. Franklin-Lipsker has never testified 16 00:00:55,764 --> 00:00:58,183 or stated that this case is about repression. 17 00:00:58,224 --> 00:00:59,893 It's callous-- 18 00:00:59,934 --> 00:01:02,479 I'll allow the question. Overruled. 19 00:01:02,520 --> 00:01:04,731 Did you ever talk to a therapist 20 00:01:04,773 --> 00:01:07,567 about this phenomena of repression? 21 00:01:15,950 --> 00:01:19,287 Yes, I did, but I don't think it's a phenomenon. 22 00:01:20,789 --> 00:01:22,749 What do you mean by that answer? 23 00:01:23,917 --> 00:01:26,628 That it's not something phenomenal. 24 00:01:26,669 --> 00:01:29,047 It's just something that apparently is. 25 00:01:29,089 --> 00:01:31,591 You say, "Apparently is." Who told you that? 26 00:01:32,842 --> 00:01:36,846 eerie instrumental 27 00:01:38,973 --> 00:01:40,850 I asked Kirk Barrett. 28 00:01:44,312 --> 00:01:46,314 And he said that there is 29 00:01:48,024 --> 00:01:51,611 such a thing that is called repressed memory. 30 00:01:51,653 --> 00:01:54,405 And it doesn't necessarily apply to me, 31 00:01:54,447 --> 00:01:57,242 but there is something which is considered 32 00:01:57,283 --> 00:02:02,247 factually based of a person repressing a memory. 33 00:02:09,129 --> 00:02:12,799 What did I know about repressed memory? Nothing. 34 00:02:15,176 --> 00:02:16,636 It was the first criminal prosecution 35 00:02:16,678 --> 00:02:18,471 of a repressed memory case. 36 00:02:18,513 --> 00:02:20,140 There were no others. 37 00:02:20,181 --> 00:02:22,016 We were the only one. 38 00:02:22,600 --> 00:02:25,728 My instinct was it kind of cut against the ken 39 00:02:25,770 --> 00:02:28,815 - of human understanding. - It didn't appeal to my reason 40 00:02:28,857 --> 00:02:31,693 that someone would commit a murder in front of 41 00:02:31,734 --> 00:02:34,654 their own child and then on top of that, 42 00:02:34,696 --> 00:02:37,490 the child will then repress the memory for all this time 43 00:02:37,532 --> 00:02:39,325 and then come out with it. 44 00:02:39,367 --> 00:02:42,871 It just seemed to not make sense. 45 00:02:42,912 --> 00:02:46,040 And of course, murders don't always make sense. 46 00:02:46,082 --> 00:02:49,711 But this one seemed particularly funky. 47 00:02:54,007 --> 00:02:57,844 I first heard about the case when it was referred to me. 48 00:02:57,886 --> 00:02:59,804 We just knew it was an old murder, 49 00:02:59,846 --> 00:03:01,639 we didn't know what the connection was. 50 00:03:02,807 --> 00:03:05,101 I opened up the newspaper; on the front page 51 00:03:05,143 --> 00:03:07,604 it was, "Daughter Accuses Father of Murder." 52 00:03:08,146 --> 00:03:11,024 But we didn't know which daughter it was. 53 00:03:13,026 --> 00:03:14,903 And I thought holy moly. 54 00:03:16,487 --> 00:03:18,281 I jumped in my car. 55 00:03:18,656 --> 00:03:21,618 Ran down to the San Mateo jail. 56 00:03:22,410 --> 00:03:24,370 And I went to see George. 57 00:03:24,412 --> 00:03:26,831 And say, "Hey, it's your daughter, man." 58 00:03:26,873 --> 00:03:29,959 George looked at me and said, "Janice?" 59 00:03:31,336 --> 00:03:34,047 But it turned out it wasn't Janice, it was Eileen. 60 00:03:35,506 --> 00:03:38,176 I thought, "You know, if you did a murder with your daughter, 61 00:03:38,218 --> 00:03:40,053 you'd remember which daughter you were with." 62 00:03:40,094 --> 00:03:42,555 As soon as he said Janice to me, I thought, 63 00:03:42,597 --> 00:03:44,891 "Uh-oh, something very bad is happening." 64 00:03:44,933 --> 00:03:48,102 I believed in his innocence as soon as he said that 65 00:03:48,144 --> 00:03:51,814 and nothing really shook my belief in his innocence. Ever. 66 00:03:52,315 --> 00:03:55,026 It's an incredible, bizarre hoax. 67 00:03:55,068 --> 00:03:57,362 I deal with it as well as I know how. 68 00:03:57,403 --> 00:04:00,031 What is an incredible, bizarre hoax? 69 00:04:00,073 --> 00:04:03,910 The so-called "repressed memory" notion. 70 00:04:03,952 --> 00:04:07,580 Are you guilty of the crime that put you in here? 71 00:04:07,622 --> 00:04:09,290 No. 72 00:04:09,332 --> 00:04:11,251 Absolutely not? 73 00:04:11,292 --> 00:04:13,628 Absolutely not. 74 00:04:15,880 --> 00:04:20,093 eerie synth pop instrumental 75 00:04:45,034 --> 00:04:46,619 I'm sorry? 76 00:04:46,661 --> 00:04:48,788 Do you recall what time of day was it, 77 00:04:48,830 --> 00:04:50,957 the last time you saw Susan Nason? 78 00:04:54,210 --> 00:04:55,962 It was late afternoon. 79 00:04:57,964 --> 00:05:00,091 Was it a school day? 80 00:05:01,968 --> 00:05:03,636 I'm not sure. 81 00:05:04,137 --> 00:05:07,598 There are so many people out there who think 82 00:05:07,640 --> 00:05:10,184 a memory works like a recording device. 83 00:05:10,226 --> 00:05:15,189 You just record the experience and then later on, 84 00:05:15,231 --> 00:05:17,817 you can play it back when you want to remember it, 85 00:05:17,859 --> 00:05:20,236 or when you want to answer questions about it. 86 00:05:20,278 --> 00:05:24,157 Suzy was on the end 87 00:05:24,198 --> 00:05:27,618 of a platform where the mattress was. 88 00:05:27,660 --> 00:05:30,621 But that's not how memory scientists 89 00:05:30,663 --> 00:05:32,248 think about memory. 90 00:05:32,290 --> 00:05:35,668 We think about memory as a constructive process 91 00:05:35,710 --> 00:05:37,170 or a reconstructive process. 92 00:05:40,506 --> 00:05:43,468 When you're remembering something, 93 00:05:43,509 --> 00:05:45,303 you're actually taking bits and pieces 94 00:05:45,345 --> 00:05:47,805 of experience, you're bringing it together 95 00:05:47,847 --> 00:05:50,516 and you're constructing something 96 00:05:50,558 --> 00:05:53,853 that feels like a real memory. 97 00:05:57,857 --> 00:05:59,942 I even like to think about memory 98 00:05:59,984 --> 00:06:04,072 as more akin to a Wikipedia page. 99 00:06:04,113 --> 00:06:08,368 You can go in there and edit it, but so can other people. 100 00:06:24,258 --> 00:06:26,511 When I was 14 years old... 101 00:06:29,764 --> 00:06:32,392 my mother drowned in a swimming pool. 102 00:06:32,767 --> 00:06:37,188 That was probably the most traumatic experience 103 00:06:37,230 --> 00:06:39,690 of my life. 104 00:06:39,732 --> 00:06:43,736 And, what happened decades and decades later, 105 00:06:43,778 --> 00:06:47,990 after I was already studying these false memories 106 00:06:48,032 --> 00:06:50,535 that people were developing, 107 00:06:50,576 --> 00:06:54,747 one of my relatives started talking about my mother's death 108 00:06:54,789 --> 00:06:56,958 and told me I was the one 109 00:06:56,999 --> 00:06:59,919 who found my mother's body in the swimming pool. 110 00:07:02,338 --> 00:07:04,048 The relative was so confident 111 00:07:04,090 --> 00:07:07,301 that I started to visualize it, 112 00:07:07,343 --> 00:07:11,889 I started to see it in my mind. 113 00:07:12,807 --> 00:07:15,393 And I could even picture my mother 114 00:07:15,435 --> 00:07:18,104 in the swimming pool, face down. 115 00:07:21,315 --> 00:07:25,319 And I lived with this imagery 116 00:07:25,361 --> 00:07:27,238 for a number of days 117 00:07:27,280 --> 00:07:30,116 until the relative called me up and said, 118 00:07:30,158 --> 00:07:34,162 "I made a mistake. It wasn't you who found the body." 119 00:07:34,996 --> 00:07:39,709 It was her sister, my aunt. 120 00:07:41,169 --> 00:07:44,380 I was just so amazed that I had this experience 121 00:07:44,422 --> 00:07:46,883 right in the middle of studying these rich false memories, 122 00:07:46,924 --> 00:07:49,135 because I felt like I understood 123 00:07:49,177 --> 00:07:51,929 a little bit more about what was happening 124 00:07:51,971 --> 00:07:55,641 with my research subjects and what was happening 125 00:07:55,683 --> 00:07:57,560 in these real world cases 126 00:07:57,602 --> 00:08:00,855 when people are visualizing something 127 00:08:00,897 --> 00:08:03,733 and it starts to feel like a memory. 128 00:08:06,068 --> 00:08:08,237 In that moment, what was it 129 00:08:08,279 --> 00:08:10,323 you thought you were remembering? 130 00:08:11,532 --> 00:08:14,327 My father with both hands raised above his head 131 00:08:14,368 --> 00:08:18,706 with a rock in it, going towards Susan. 132 00:08:20,708 --> 00:08:23,920 And did you associate that image 133 00:08:23,961 --> 00:08:27,298 with the death of Susan Nason at that time? 134 00:08:27,340 --> 00:08:29,008 Yes, I did. 135 00:08:29,967 --> 00:08:32,637 Had you had any subsequent images? 136 00:08:32,678 --> 00:08:35,223 I didn't have any images. 137 00:08:35,723 --> 00:08:39,101 - What word would you use? - -Well, It's a memory. 138 00:08:39,143 --> 00:08:41,354 I feel uncomfortable when you say, "image," 139 00:08:41,395 --> 00:08:43,314 that you're asking me to conjure up an image 140 00:08:43,356 --> 00:08:46,234 or imagine something and that's not what I remember. 141 00:08:48,569 --> 00:08:52,782 Well, when you saw this-- your dad with a rock, 142 00:08:52,823 --> 00:08:54,700 you didn't know what it was 143 00:08:54,742 --> 00:08:57,703 when you first saw it, did you? 144 00:08:57,745 --> 00:09:00,915 When you're in the game room and get the flash and you say no, 145 00:09:00,957 --> 00:09:02,667 you didn't know what it was, did you? 146 00:09:02,708 --> 00:09:04,168 Objection, your honor. 147 00:09:04,210 --> 00:09:05,920 It states the testimony is not a flash, 148 00:09:05,962 --> 00:09:08,130 it's not an image, it's not a story. 149 00:09:11,551 --> 00:09:13,553 How do you know if it's really a recollection 150 00:09:13,594 --> 00:09:15,179 or something that's made up? 151 00:09:15,221 --> 00:09:17,431 That's a concern of Dr. Elizabeth Loftus. 152 00:09:17,473 --> 00:09:19,809 She's a professor of psychology at the University of Washington, 153 00:09:19,850 --> 00:09:21,852 been studying memory for 20 years. 154 00:09:21,894 --> 00:09:25,231 As a psychologist who's been researching the field of memory 155 00:09:25,273 --> 00:09:29,026 and recall for 20 years, I know how easy it is 156 00:09:29,068 --> 00:09:31,153 to convince somebody that they experienced something, 157 00:09:31,195 --> 00:09:33,406 that they saw something that never happened. 158 00:09:38,452 --> 00:09:42,081 The first time I heard about the Franklin case 159 00:09:42,123 --> 00:09:45,751 was when I got a call from Doug Horngrad. 160 00:09:46,752 --> 00:09:48,170 He was representing a man 161 00:09:48,212 --> 00:09:51,215 who was accused of murder, George Franklin. 162 00:09:51,257 --> 00:09:54,260 And the only evidence against him 163 00:09:54,302 --> 00:09:58,431 was the testimony of his daughter, Eileen, 164 00:09:58,472 --> 00:10:02,351 who said that she saw her father 165 00:10:02,393 --> 00:10:05,521 kill her little best friend when she was eight years old. 166 00:10:05,563 --> 00:10:08,608 That she repressed her memory for 20 years 167 00:10:08,649 --> 00:10:10,610 and now the memory was back. 168 00:10:13,946 --> 00:10:18,618 Well, I've heard of repression, this hand-me-down Freudian idea 169 00:10:18,659 --> 00:10:23,289 that somehow you take all this horrific trauma 170 00:10:23,331 --> 00:10:27,293 that you've experienced, you banish it into the unconscious. 171 00:10:27,335 --> 00:10:29,420 It's walled off from the rest of mental life. 172 00:10:29,462 --> 00:10:32,089 You have no awareness of it, and then somehow 173 00:10:32,131 --> 00:10:37,136 you can reliably recover these pristine memories? 174 00:10:37,178 --> 00:10:40,473 I'd heard of it, but I never really looked 175 00:10:40,514 --> 00:10:43,643 at what was the evidence for this idea. 176 00:10:43,684 --> 00:10:47,605 Dr. James McGaugh is the director of the Center 177 00:10:47,647 --> 00:10:50,024 for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 178 00:10:50,066 --> 00:10:52,234 at the University of California. 179 00:10:52,276 --> 00:10:54,487 Through experiments we have shown 180 00:10:54,528 --> 00:10:57,573 that in general, strongly emotional experiences 181 00:10:57,615 --> 00:11:00,493 lead to strong memories at a later time. 182 00:11:02,286 --> 00:11:03,788 The Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome 183 00:11:03,829 --> 00:11:06,582 shows that very strong experiences, 184 00:11:06,624 --> 00:11:10,503 traumatic experiences leave very strong memories. 185 00:11:10,544 --> 00:11:13,839 Those are verified, those are validated. 186 00:11:13,881 --> 00:11:17,176 Now what we're missing is evidence to support the claim 187 00:11:17,218 --> 00:11:22,098 that a traumatic experience occurs but is unavailable 188 00:11:22,139 --> 00:11:24,684 and then later on, it is recovered. 189 00:11:24,725 --> 00:11:26,852 And I don't know of any evidence from that. 190 00:11:26,894 --> 00:11:28,979 "Trust me" will not to do it. 191 00:11:30,106 --> 00:11:33,859 When I started to look into the literature 192 00:11:33,901 --> 00:11:37,863 for the evidence for this notion of massive repression, 193 00:11:37,905 --> 00:11:41,367 I was pretty shocked because, you know, there really wasn't 194 00:11:41,409 --> 00:11:45,663 any credible scientific support for this. 195 00:11:46,622 --> 00:11:49,375 And yet, here we had an American citizen 196 00:11:49,417 --> 00:11:52,670 Who was being prosecuted for murder 197 00:11:52,712 --> 00:11:54,755 based on this idea. 198 00:11:58,718 --> 00:12:01,220 Their only evidence was Eileen's testimony. 199 00:12:02,722 --> 00:12:05,057 The entire case was about her credibility. 200 00:12:05,099 --> 00:12:07,309 There was no corroborating evidence. 201 00:12:07,351 --> 00:12:08,352 Zero. Zilch. 202 00:12:11,105 --> 00:12:14,400 Both sides were focused on Eileen's credibility. 203 00:12:14,442 --> 00:12:18,028 The police were trying to make her more credible. 204 00:12:18,070 --> 00:12:20,030 And we were trying to find reasons 205 00:12:20,072 --> 00:12:21,741 why she was less credible. 206 00:12:21,782 --> 00:12:23,993 It was that simple. 207 00:12:25,119 --> 00:12:27,872 We were tracking down an expert in memory. 208 00:12:27,913 --> 00:12:29,623 We called two experts: 209 00:12:29,665 --> 00:12:32,418 Elizabeth Loftus, who's a memory expert, 210 00:12:32,460 --> 00:12:35,212 quite brilliant. And Elizabeth pretty well took the position 211 00:12:35,254 --> 00:12:37,298 there's no such thing as a repressed memory. 212 00:12:37,339 --> 00:12:39,258 You can forget something and remember it 213 00:12:39,300 --> 00:12:41,093 but the repressed memory that they're describing, 214 00:12:41,135 --> 00:12:43,220 it doesn't exist in the science. 215 00:12:43,262 --> 00:12:45,598 And then we had a second expert, David Spiegel, 216 00:12:45,639 --> 00:12:48,392 who took the position that there could be repressed memory 217 00:12:48,434 --> 00:12:50,603 but this wasn't one of them. 218 00:12:50,644 --> 00:12:53,272 Dr. David Spiegel, who believes in the concept 219 00:12:53,314 --> 00:12:55,816 of repressed and recovered memories, 220 00:12:55,858 --> 00:12:57,943 also testified for the defense. 221 00:12:57,985 --> 00:13:00,863 What I told the court was, that I thought it was possible 222 00:13:00,905 --> 00:13:03,073 she could have witnessed it 223 00:13:03,115 --> 00:13:06,410 and then dissociated or repressed the memory. 224 00:13:06,452 --> 00:13:10,039 But there should be some evidence if you had this memory 225 00:13:10,080 --> 00:13:13,793 of its influence, and yet there was very little that changed 226 00:13:13,834 --> 00:13:16,462 in her behavior subsequent to the loss of her friend, 227 00:13:16,504 --> 00:13:18,589 in her relationship with her father. 228 00:13:18,631 --> 00:13:21,217 She took long trips with him, she rode in the same van 229 00:13:21,258 --> 00:13:24,136 in which the girl was initially attacked. 230 00:13:26,680 --> 00:13:30,226 Dissociation and repression have both been viewed 231 00:13:30,267 --> 00:13:33,604 as mental defenses against strong emotion and stress. 232 00:13:33,646 --> 00:13:36,190 The interesting thing about it, though, 233 00:13:36,232 --> 00:13:38,651 is that those memories are maybe out of sight, 234 00:13:38,692 --> 00:13:40,611 but they're not out of mind. 235 00:13:40,653 --> 00:13:43,155 So, a woman who was raped in an elevator for example, 236 00:13:43,197 --> 00:13:45,491 may, over a period of days, 237 00:13:45,533 --> 00:13:47,827 lose the ability to remember exactly what happened. 238 00:13:47,868 --> 00:13:50,454 But she'll find that she can't get into an elevator. 239 00:13:50,496 --> 00:13:53,332 So, the information is still having an effect, 240 00:13:53,374 --> 00:13:56,252 but she's no longer consciously aware of it. 241 00:13:57,545 --> 00:14:00,756 I find it plausible that she might have dissociated 242 00:14:00,798 --> 00:14:02,883 this thing if she'd seen it. 243 00:14:02,925 --> 00:14:06,303 I don't find it plausible that it would seem to have 244 00:14:06,345 --> 00:14:10,349 no other effect on her relationship with her father. 245 00:14:11,517 --> 00:14:15,020 I would expect that she would be fearful, avoidant. 246 00:14:15,062 --> 00:14:17,565 That she'd see him as a source of danger. 247 00:14:19,483 --> 00:14:23,028 My dad and I loved each other very, very much. 248 00:14:24,071 --> 00:14:25,698 It's almost a love story 249 00:14:25,739 --> 00:14:28,409 because I cared for him so deeply. 250 00:14:32,746 --> 00:14:35,332 When I learned that it was Eileen 251 00:14:35,374 --> 00:14:40,045 making the accusation, for the murder of a child... 252 00:14:41,213 --> 00:14:43,591 I was just flabbergasted. 253 00:14:44,758 --> 00:14:46,594 I could not imagine that. 254 00:14:49,555 --> 00:14:51,348 I was wiped out. 255 00:14:51,932 --> 00:14:53,726 It was a blow. 256 00:14:55,227 --> 00:14:58,063 Even though I knew about his drinking, 257 00:14:58,105 --> 00:15:01,358 even though I knew about his blackouts, 258 00:15:02,026 --> 00:15:07,573 I still had faith that George would never go that far. 259 00:15:10,993 --> 00:15:15,915 Eileen was the child who came up to Sacramento most often. 260 00:15:15,956 --> 00:15:19,668 And she would stay at my house in my guest bedroom. 261 00:15:21,462 --> 00:15:25,674 I began thinking about any indications 262 00:15:25,716 --> 00:15:28,385 I had ever seen of Eileen 263 00:15:28,427 --> 00:15:30,262 being uncomfortable with him, 264 00:15:30,304 --> 00:15:34,266 of Eileen fearing him, of Eileen not liking him. 265 00:15:34,725 --> 00:15:39,939 Seeing her interacting with George-- they were very close. 266 00:15:39,980 --> 00:15:43,442 There was no hint of discomfort 267 00:15:43,484 --> 00:15:45,986 on her part around him. 268 00:15:46,320 --> 00:15:50,282 They had traveled across country in the family van 269 00:15:50,324 --> 00:15:53,619 for vacations or to visit relatives. 270 00:15:53,661 --> 00:15:57,957 And so, it was just unbelievable 271 00:15:57,998 --> 00:15:59,750 that she would be the one 272 00:15:59,792 --> 00:16:01,669 making the accusations. 273 00:16:01,710 --> 00:16:03,671 Made no sense. 274 00:16:05,464 --> 00:16:08,092 But I knew she was an emotional girl, 275 00:16:08,467 --> 00:16:12,096 and I wondered if something had happened to her. 276 00:16:12,137 --> 00:16:17,101 And I did think possibly there was an influence from Janice. 277 00:16:18,686 --> 00:16:23,482 Eileen once told me that her oldest sister hated George. 278 00:16:24,692 --> 00:16:29,113 Did not like him. Did not want anything to do with him. 279 00:16:29,154 --> 00:16:30,656 And as far as she was concerned, 280 00:16:30,698 --> 00:16:32,950 if he was wiped off the face of the Earth, 281 00:16:32,992 --> 00:16:34,326 she'd be a happy person. 282 00:16:34,368 --> 00:16:36,245 This wasn't the first time 283 00:16:36,286 --> 00:16:38,163 the San Mateo County Sheriff's office 284 00:16:38,205 --> 00:16:40,666 heard Eileen's father accused of the murder of Susan Nason. 285 00:16:40,708 --> 00:16:43,127 Five years ago, Eileen's older sister, Janice, 286 00:16:43,168 --> 00:16:45,921 told police she thought her father might be the killer. 287 00:16:45,963 --> 00:16:49,091 I felt that my instincts and my suspicions were correct. 288 00:16:49,133 --> 00:16:54,013 And that he is a dangerous person 289 00:16:54,054 --> 00:16:57,391 and someone who had to be taken out of society. 290 00:16:57,433 --> 00:16:59,601 And that, what I knew, hopefully, 291 00:16:59,643 --> 00:17:02,271 the police could put together with what they knew. 292 00:17:02,312 --> 00:17:04,523 And we could resolve it. 293 00:17:04,565 --> 00:17:07,234 Without evidence to support Janice's suspicions, 294 00:17:07,276 --> 00:17:09,570 the police took no action. 295 00:17:10,195 --> 00:17:14,241 Janice had gone to the cops years before Eileen did. 296 00:17:14,283 --> 00:17:17,119 And told the cops she suspected her father did the killing 297 00:17:17,161 --> 00:17:18,746 but didn't have any evidence. 298 00:17:18,787 --> 00:17:20,789 So, this was part of family lore. 299 00:17:20,831 --> 00:17:23,042 Particularly, the family that was disaffected from him. 300 00:17:26,420 --> 00:17:30,299 Now, on the day that Susan disappeared, 301 00:17:30,340 --> 00:17:32,342 did you see your father that day? 302 00:17:32,384 --> 00:17:35,137 - Yes, I did. - It was real scary. 303 00:17:35,179 --> 00:17:38,140 Uh, when I walked in, came in the front door, 304 00:17:38,182 --> 00:17:40,726 he said hello to me. 305 00:17:40,768 --> 00:17:44,229 But the way he said hello was-- was frightening, very scary. 306 00:17:44,605 --> 00:17:47,649 He changed dramatically after that. 307 00:17:47,691 --> 00:17:50,027 That's when his drinking increased, 308 00:17:50,069 --> 00:17:51,987 his violence got worse 309 00:17:52,029 --> 00:17:56,742 and it made me really feel very strongly that it was my father. 310 00:17:58,952 --> 00:18:01,371 If Eileen's sister, Janice, 311 00:18:01,413 --> 00:18:04,666 went so far as to go to the police 312 00:18:04,708 --> 00:18:08,128 and say that she was suspicious that maybe her father 313 00:18:08,170 --> 00:18:11,924 had something to do with the murder, isn't it likely 314 00:18:11,965 --> 00:18:15,344 that she might have said something to Eileen herself? 315 00:18:15,385 --> 00:18:17,846 That this might have been a family story, 316 00:18:17,888 --> 00:18:20,265 that Janice didn't just do it on her own 317 00:18:20,307 --> 00:18:22,601 without talking to anybody else about it? 318 00:18:22,643 --> 00:18:25,354 And so, if this knowledge and information 319 00:18:25,395 --> 00:18:28,732 was part of Eileen's history, 320 00:18:28,774 --> 00:18:33,529 that could have fed into the creation of this memory 321 00:18:33,570 --> 00:18:37,282 that she ultimately presented to the jury. 322 00:18:38,325 --> 00:18:41,203 Did you know that in 1984, 323 00:18:41,829 --> 00:18:47,042 your sister Janice contacted the police and told them 324 00:18:47,084 --> 00:18:50,504 that she believed your father might've done this killing? 325 00:18:51,296 --> 00:18:52,714 Did I know that when? 326 00:18:52,756 --> 00:18:54,716 - Do you know it now? - Yes, I do. 327 00:18:54,758 --> 00:18:56,969 Did you know it before I just asked you the question? 328 00:18:57,010 --> 00:18:58,428 Yes. 329 00:18:58,470 --> 00:19:01,723 I think that I learned of it in... 330 00:19:04,184 --> 00:19:06,645 1986. 331 00:19:06,895 --> 00:19:08,814 somber piano instrumental 332 00:19:11,316 --> 00:19:15,404 Our memory is influenced by a lot of factors 333 00:19:15,445 --> 00:19:20,659 that make it a more variable system than we like to think. 334 00:19:23,078 --> 00:19:27,416 You can suggest people into having a false belief 335 00:19:27,457 --> 00:19:30,627 about something that really didn't happen. 336 00:19:32,212 --> 00:19:36,341 we're social creatures, we're very sensitive to input. 337 00:19:36,592 --> 00:19:39,136 And people will come to believe things 338 00:19:39,178 --> 00:19:41,722 that are obviously not true. 339 00:19:45,017 --> 00:19:49,771 And he took out of the car a, um... 340 00:19:51,481 --> 00:19:55,194 a marine-issued spade or shovel... 341 00:19:55,235 --> 00:19:58,280 and did dome digging. 342 00:19:58,322 --> 00:20:03,535 He was close to where Susan was, but slightly down lower. 343 00:20:04,703 --> 00:20:07,164 And I heard it go into the ground a couple of times. 344 00:20:07,206 --> 00:20:09,041 And then I turned away. 345 00:20:11,543 --> 00:20:13,712 A false memory is different from lying. 346 00:20:13,754 --> 00:20:16,882 That is, in lying you're consciously trying 347 00:20:16,924 --> 00:20:19,343 to create a reality that you know isn't true. 348 00:20:19,384 --> 00:20:21,887 A false memory is one in which you believe it's true, 349 00:20:21,929 --> 00:20:23,680 but it isn't. 350 00:20:23,722 --> 00:20:28,685 This can happen in cases of suggestive questioning 351 00:20:28,727 --> 00:20:30,979 without or with techniques like hypnosis. 352 00:20:34,608 --> 00:20:36,026 Your brother is George Junior? 353 00:20:36,068 --> 00:20:37,903 - Yes. - Was George Junior 354 00:20:37,945 --> 00:20:41,031 the first family member you had told? 355 00:20:41,073 --> 00:20:43,200 Yes. 356 00:20:43,242 --> 00:20:47,371 And how did it come to pass that you told him 357 00:20:47,412 --> 00:20:49,706 that you'd been hypnotized? 358 00:20:50,958 --> 00:20:53,752 When I initially told my brother 359 00:20:53,794 --> 00:20:57,631 that I had witnessed this murder, 360 00:21:00,384 --> 00:21:02,010 his response to it-- 361 00:21:02,052 --> 00:21:05,389 he looked at me as if he thought I were crazy. 362 00:21:05,430 --> 00:21:10,227 And I became very frightened by his reaction to me. 363 00:21:10,269 --> 00:21:12,771 And in a moment of panic, 364 00:21:15,899 --> 00:21:18,026 I said that I had been hypnotized 365 00:21:18,068 --> 00:21:20,612 in an attempt to explain my memory, 366 00:21:20,654 --> 00:21:22,948 which even I could not explain. 367 00:21:24,866 --> 00:21:29,079 And he said to me, "Well, that's logical, 368 00:21:29,121 --> 00:21:31,415 because the human mind is like an onion, 369 00:21:31,456 --> 00:21:34,626 and when you use hypnosis, it peels away the layers." 370 00:21:34,668 --> 00:21:38,046 So then, he believed me completely. 371 00:21:40,340 --> 00:21:42,634 We knew that she had told her family 372 00:21:42,676 --> 00:21:44,803 that it was hypnosis. 373 00:21:44,845 --> 00:21:47,139 George Junior was quite certain of that. 374 00:21:48,181 --> 00:21:51,852 She then said she was lying about hypnosis 375 00:21:51,893 --> 00:21:54,438 because she wanted to make her story sound more credible, 376 00:21:54,479 --> 00:21:56,148 which is another way of saying, 377 00:21:56,189 --> 00:21:58,650 "I lied because I wanted to be believed." 378 00:21:59,943 --> 00:22:02,779 Eileen consistently denied hypnosis 379 00:22:02,821 --> 00:22:05,157 because she knew it was fatal to her case. 380 00:22:05,198 --> 00:22:08,577 And there's a reason that hypnotically induced testimony 381 00:22:08,618 --> 00:22:11,621 is inadmissible, because it's unreliable. 382 00:22:11,663 --> 00:22:16,001 I have been studying the use of hypnosis 383 00:22:16,043 --> 00:22:20,005 in responses to trauma throughout my career. 384 00:22:20,547 --> 00:22:25,510 Several things happen when people go into a hypnotic state. 385 00:22:25,552 --> 00:22:29,848 One is they turn down activity in the middle front of the brain 386 00:22:29,890 --> 00:22:31,683 called the anterior cingulate cortex. 387 00:22:31,725 --> 00:22:33,560 It's a part of the brain that tells us 388 00:22:33,602 --> 00:22:36,021 what to pay attention to and what not to. 389 00:22:39,566 --> 00:22:41,651 It's sort of like looking 390 00:22:41,693 --> 00:22:43,195 through the telephoto lens of a camera. 391 00:22:43,236 --> 00:22:45,030 What you see, you see with great detail, 392 00:22:45,072 --> 00:22:47,699 but you're less aware of the periphery. 393 00:22:48,909 --> 00:22:50,994 And because you're doing that, 394 00:22:51,036 --> 00:22:52,829 you're willing to suspend critical judgement 395 00:22:52,871 --> 00:22:54,664 to a certain extent. 396 00:22:54,706 --> 00:22:56,917 So, it's got tremendous power. 397 00:22:57,751 --> 00:22:59,753 But if you do it wrong, 398 00:22:59,795 --> 00:23:02,005 you can get people to focus on the wrong thing, 399 00:23:02,047 --> 00:23:04,049 which is complying with making up a story, 400 00:23:04,508 --> 00:23:07,052 rather than uncovering the truth. 401 00:23:09,930 --> 00:23:12,724 You can make so called "honest liars" of people. 402 00:23:15,435 --> 00:23:18,730 Hypnosis has been called believed-in imagination. 403 00:23:18,772 --> 00:23:22,818 So it may be that when she started to imagine 404 00:23:22,859 --> 00:23:24,903 that he's the kind of person 405 00:23:24,945 --> 00:23:27,197 that could have done something like that, 406 00:23:27,239 --> 00:23:30,700 it became more compelling for her to just believe it. 407 00:23:34,079 --> 00:23:36,832 I went up into the front seat. 408 00:23:40,752 --> 00:23:42,921 There is a law in California that a witness 409 00:23:42,963 --> 00:23:45,590 or victim who has been hypnotized about the facts 410 00:23:45,632 --> 00:23:47,426 of a crime may not testify. 411 00:23:47,467 --> 00:23:52,514 And my father was holding her hands up above her head. 412 00:23:53,974 --> 00:23:56,309 And he was on top of her. 413 00:23:56,351 --> 00:23:59,729 So, it was pretty clear in a high-profile case 414 00:23:59,771 --> 00:24:01,940 that if, in fact, she'd been hypnotized, 415 00:24:01,982 --> 00:24:03,483 her testimony would be thrown out 416 00:24:03,525 --> 00:24:05,235 and there was nothing else. 417 00:24:10,323 --> 00:24:13,326 That was the big lie and that was the big secret. 418 00:24:13,743 --> 00:24:16,455 And that's the one they worked so hard to keep secret, 419 00:24:16,496 --> 00:24:18,748 because that would have been the end of the case, 420 00:24:18,790 --> 00:24:20,625 and that's not what they wanted. 421 00:24:20,667 --> 00:24:24,171 She's also called her mother and told her what she saw 422 00:24:25,172 --> 00:24:26,965 and she tells her that she recovered 423 00:24:27,007 --> 00:24:29,217 the memory under hypnosis. 424 00:24:31,094 --> 00:24:35,056 And the subject of debate is when she learned that 425 00:24:35,098 --> 00:24:38,643 statements obtained under hypnosis in California 426 00:24:38,685 --> 00:24:41,021 are not admissible in court. 427 00:24:41,438 --> 00:24:43,565 Their mom was a lawyer. 428 00:24:43,940 --> 00:24:46,651 So I'm quite certain that the mother, Leah, 429 00:24:46,693 --> 00:24:48,361 or some other attorney said, 430 00:24:48,403 --> 00:24:50,989 "Hey, if you cop to the fact that you were hypnotized, 431 00:24:51,031 --> 00:24:52,991 then your testimony is going to be inadmissible 432 00:24:53,033 --> 00:24:55,368 and your father's going to walk free." 433 00:24:56,077 --> 00:24:59,331 When you first told your mother that you remembered 434 00:24:59,372 --> 00:25:01,374 seeing your father kill Susan Nason, 435 00:25:01,416 --> 00:25:05,128 was it then you told your mother you'd been hypnotized? 436 00:25:07,172 --> 00:25:09,674 I believe I said that to her during our second 437 00:25:09,716 --> 00:25:11,301 or third conversation. 438 00:25:12,844 --> 00:25:15,305 Your mother's a lawyer, is that right? 439 00:25:16,139 --> 00:25:17,599 Yes, she is. 440 00:25:19,226 --> 00:25:22,145 Did you ever have a discussion with your mother 441 00:25:22,187 --> 00:25:26,942 about whether or not hypnotically induced testimony 442 00:25:26,983 --> 00:25:28,818 is admissible in criminal matters 443 00:25:28,860 --> 00:25:30,862 in the state of California? 444 00:25:33,573 --> 00:25:36,701 I believe we had a conversation which touched on it. 445 00:25:36,743 --> 00:25:38,662 What-- - After the arrest. 446 00:25:38,703 --> 00:25:41,039 Okay, and-- 447 00:25:41,081 --> 00:25:44,000 At that time, I had already told her that-- 448 00:25:44,042 --> 00:25:46,336 that I had not been hypnotized. 449 00:25:46,378 --> 00:25:49,589 And that I had been dishonest with her. 450 00:25:51,550 --> 00:25:53,510 We know that she lied. 451 00:25:53,552 --> 00:25:56,096 She initially said that this recollection came to her 452 00:25:56,137 --> 00:25:58,723 in a flash when she was hypnotized by a therapist. 453 00:25:58,765 --> 00:26:00,350 She then had a talk with her mother, 454 00:26:00,392 --> 00:26:02,644 who had become an attorney, and changed her story. 455 00:26:02,686 --> 00:26:05,313 She then said, "Well, I was looking in my daughter's eyes 456 00:26:05,355 --> 00:26:07,566 and my daughter was the same age as little Susan. 457 00:26:07,607 --> 00:26:09,192 And the memory came to me." 458 00:26:09,234 --> 00:26:11,403 So either she was lying then or she's lying now. 459 00:26:12,737 --> 00:26:15,073 We believe so much that she had been hypnotized. 460 00:26:15,115 --> 00:26:18,868 It made perfect sense and explained a lot. 461 00:26:20,036 --> 00:26:23,873 If you just looked at her statements 462 00:26:24,958 --> 00:26:27,294 telling her family that she was hypnotized 463 00:26:28,795 --> 00:26:30,964 and then not telling that to the police, 464 00:26:32,465 --> 00:26:35,427 we always suspected that she had told the truth 465 00:26:35,468 --> 00:26:38,013 the first time, that if she did actually get the memory, 466 00:26:38,054 --> 00:26:39,764 she got it during hypnosis. 467 00:26:40,181 --> 00:26:43,226 Eileen's therapist at the time was Kirk Barrett, 468 00:26:43,268 --> 00:26:44,894 a marriage and family counselor 469 00:26:44,936 --> 00:26:47,063 practicing in Southern California. 470 00:26:47,105 --> 00:26:49,274 He refused to talk to us on camera. 471 00:26:49,316 --> 00:26:51,526 But here's what he told the court. 472 00:26:51,568 --> 00:26:55,155 "My purpose really was just to help her have those memories. 473 00:26:55,196 --> 00:26:57,824 I had told her it wasn't important 474 00:26:57,866 --> 00:27:00,076 whether they were real or not." 475 00:27:01,077 --> 00:27:02,912 Kirk Barrett was the therapist 476 00:27:02,954 --> 00:27:04,539 that Eileen Franklin was seeing at the time, 477 00:27:04,581 --> 00:27:06,875 that she claims she recovered her memory. 478 00:27:06,916 --> 00:27:08,793 I don't know what happened in his office, 479 00:27:08,835 --> 00:27:11,338 except that he hypnotized her. 480 00:27:14,299 --> 00:27:18,011 I went and carefully read the therapist records, 481 00:27:18,053 --> 00:27:22,265 and somehow there seemed to be some missing parts 482 00:27:22,307 --> 00:27:24,100 of the record that should have been there, 483 00:27:24,142 --> 00:27:26,269 and I was suspicious that hypnosis might have been 484 00:27:26,311 --> 00:27:29,939 - involved and been expunged. - It looked a little strange. 485 00:27:32,025 --> 00:27:33,652 I imagine that he believed her, 486 00:27:33,693 --> 00:27:35,862 that he thought they were doing what was just. 487 00:27:36,446 --> 00:27:39,991 So he didn't want to reveal hypnosis was involved. 488 00:27:43,161 --> 00:27:45,997 - He denied it. - That's what we have. 489 00:27:46,039 --> 00:27:48,041 But we wanted to keep hammering at that. 490 00:27:50,043 --> 00:27:53,254 In the course of your therapy 491 00:27:53,630 --> 00:27:58,593 with Kirk Barrett, you had expressed to him 492 00:27:58,635 --> 00:28:02,097 - an interest in hypnotherapy. - Isn't that true? 493 00:28:03,014 --> 00:28:04,849 I had discussed it with him one time. 494 00:28:05,350 --> 00:28:08,937 Because you had an interest in being hypnotized? 495 00:28:08,978 --> 00:28:10,480 Is that right? 496 00:28:10,522 --> 00:28:11,981 For weight loss. 497 00:28:12,399 --> 00:28:16,736 Well, the question is, you expressed the interest to 498 00:28:16,778 --> 00:28:19,114 Mr. Barrett because you had an interest in being hypnotized-- 499 00:28:19,155 --> 00:28:21,366 No, I had a curiosity. 500 00:28:21,408 --> 00:28:22,701 About hypnosis? 501 00:28:22,742 --> 00:28:24,035 Yes, sir. 502 00:28:24,160 --> 00:28:25,745 Your Honor, I'm going to object 503 00:28:25,787 --> 00:28:27,497 on the basis of relevance. 504 00:28:27,539 --> 00:28:29,833 The only discussion she had with Mr. Barrett was about 505 00:28:29,874 --> 00:28:31,501 hypnosis for weight loss. 506 00:28:31,543 --> 00:28:34,713 She never discussed the events of this case in terms of 507 00:28:34,754 --> 00:28:37,674 hypnotic therapy with Mr. Barrett, is that-- 508 00:28:37,716 --> 00:28:39,217 No, it was only for weight loss. 509 00:28:39,259 --> 00:28:42,262 The District Attorney's objection is sustained. 510 00:28:44,389 --> 00:28:47,559 We have tried to find ways of discriminating true 511 00:28:47,600 --> 00:28:51,730 memories from false memories, and it's hard. 512 00:28:52,939 --> 00:28:56,359 You might think that maybe brain neuro signals might be 513 00:28:56,401 --> 00:28:58,653 different for true memories and false memories, 514 00:28:58,695 --> 00:29:02,949 but studies that compare them show incredible similarity 515 00:29:02,991 --> 00:29:04,743 of the neural signals. 516 00:29:06,202 --> 00:29:10,081 He was on top of her with his pelvis 517 00:29:10,123 --> 00:29:13,626 up against her pelvis and her legs were apart. 518 00:29:13,668 --> 00:29:14,836 And her legs were apart? 519 00:29:14,878 --> 00:29:16,629 Yes. 520 00:29:16,671 --> 00:29:19,299 Certainly I know from lots of research 521 00:29:19,340 --> 00:29:22,051 that when somebody tells you a story and it's very detailed 522 00:29:22,093 --> 00:29:23,678 and they're confident about it, 523 00:29:23,720 --> 00:29:26,097 and especially if they show a little emotion, 524 00:29:26,139 --> 00:29:30,226 people embrace it and accept it as authentic. 525 00:29:30,268 --> 00:29:33,605 The problem with uncritically accepting it is that 526 00:29:33,646 --> 00:29:36,900 false memories have these same characteristics. 527 00:29:36,941 --> 00:29:39,110 False memories can be expressed 528 00:29:39,152 --> 00:29:42,447 with a lot of confidence and detail and even emotion. 529 00:29:42,489 --> 00:29:45,742 People can cry when they tell you the false stories 530 00:29:45,784 --> 00:29:49,204 because they themselves believe them to be real. 531 00:29:51,956 --> 00:29:56,961 There was blood and she had a ring 532 00:29:57,003 --> 00:29:59,297 on her finger that was smashed in. 533 00:29:59,339 --> 00:30:02,967 Her fingers were-- her hand was... 534 00:30:04,969 --> 00:30:08,890 We have somebody with a whole rich memory 535 00:30:08,932 --> 00:30:12,310 of what she supposedly experienced. 536 00:30:13,603 --> 00:30:18,316 We were discussing where all these details 537 00:30:18,358 --> 00:30:20,985 in her recollection could have come from 538 00:30:21,027 --> 00:30:23,530 if she hadn't witnessed 539 00:30:23,571 --> 00:30:25,532 what she claimed to have witnessed. 540 00:30:26,366 --> 00:30:28,326 Information about the location 541 00:30:28,368 --> 00:30:30,995 and what Susie was wearing and that there was a rock 542 00:30:31,037 --> 00:30:33,623 and there was a ring. 543 00:30:35,708 --> 00:30:40,964 I looked at newspaper articles and publicity about the case. 544 00:30:42,215 --> 00:30:45,927 There was a massive amount of public information 545 00:30:47,053 --> 00:30:49,514 and all of the details 546 00:30:49,556 --> 00:30:54,352 in this very richly detailed story that she told, 547 00:30:54,394 --> 00:30:59,399 all those details were public knowledge. 548 00:31:16,082 --> 00:31:18,376 And this could be just 549 00:31:18,418 --> 00:31:23,131 a beautiful example of how post-event information 550 00:31:23,715 --> 00:31:28,553 can feed into the construction of a completely new 551 00:31:28,928 --> 00:31:31,639 and fabricated recollection. 552 00:31:36,603 --> 00:31:41,274 The defense tried to introduce all this media coverage 553 00:31:41,316 --> 00:31:44,777 to show where these details could have come from 554 00:31:44,819 --> 00:31:49,073 if Eileen hadn't actually witnessed this event herself. 555 00:31:54,537 --> 00:31:56,748 And the judge denied that. 556 00:31:58,124 --> 00:32:02,587 He said an eight-year-old wasn't reading newspapers, 557 00:32:03,546 --> 00:32:06,674 but the fact is she may have looked 558 00:32:06,716 --> 00:32:08,760 at these things later on. 559 00:32:10,470 --> 00:32:15,433 Isn't it true that your husband, Barry, 560 00:32:15,475 --> 00:32:19,562 has kept a collection of newspaper clippings 561 00:32:19,604 --> 00:32:21,564 about this case? Isn't that true? 562 00:32:21,606 --> 00:32:23,608 I wouldn't say that Barry has kept a collection. 563 00:32:23,650 --> 00:32:25,276 Who has? 564 00:32:25,318 --> 00:32:27,278 Objection, assumes facts not in evidence. 565 00:32:27,320 --> 00:32:29,113 Overruled. 566 00:32:30,823 --> 00:32:33,910 Who has a collection of clippings? 567 00:32:33,952 --> 00:32:37,413 Barry has clipped articles 568 00:32:37,455 --> 00:32:39,123 that have come in the paper 569 00:32:39,165 --> 00:32:41,292 or that family members have sent us. 570 00:32:41,334 --> 00:32:42,418 Thank you. 571 00:32:42,877 --> 00:32:46,422 Barry Lipsker, her husband, was very involved. 572 00:32:48,174 --> 00:32:51,260 He was keeping an album of all the clippings about the case, 573 00:32:51,302 --> 00:32:53,763 and there were some old ones, too. 574 00:32:57,517 --> 00:33:00,144 And he pushed her to call the police and so forth. 575 00:33:00,186 --> 00:33:02,313 I'm sure he had it in for the father. 576 00:33:04,148 --> 00:33:06,651 He was very invested in the process, 577 00:33:06,693 --> 00:33:09,946 very invested in his wife having this role 578 00:33:09,988 --> 00:33:11,906 of crime buster. 579 00:33:12,949 --> 00:33:15,243 My wife did one of the most courageous 580 00:33:15,284 --> 00:33:18,913 and difficult things that any person in society could do. 581 00:33:18,955 --> 00:33:22,250 She came forward after witnessing a terrible crime 582 00:33:22,291 --> 00:33:25,420 and she turned in her father. 583 00:33:27,046 --> 00:33:31,050 Did you ever ask Barry about the newspaper clippings? 584 00:33:31,718 --> 00:33:33,302 No. 585 00:33:33,344 --> 00:33:35,179 You know where it is in the house? 586 00:33:35,221 --> 00:33:36,889 - Yes. - Where is it kept? 587 00:33:36,931 --> 00:33:38,683 In my office. 588 00:33:40,935 --> 00:33:42,145 Locked? 589 00:33:42,186 --> 00:33:43,730 No. 590 00:33:43,771 --> 00:33:45,815 Somewhere that is accessible for you? 591 00:33:45,857 --> 00:33:47,191 Yes. 592 00:33:48,568 --> 00:33:51,154 I believe Barry was keeping the folder 593 00:33:51,195 --> 00:33:52,697 of the newspaper articles 594 00:33:52,739 --> 00:33:55,450 because he wanted to help Eileen's testimony. 595 00:33:55,950 --> 00:33:59,203 It's preposterous to think that these newspaper articles 596 00:33:59,245 --> 00:34:00,580 were sitting in the house 597 00:34:00,621 --> 00:34:02,623 - and she never looked at them. - Absurd. 598 00:34:02,665 --> 00:34:05,793 I mean, it is inconceivable that she never looked at them. 599 00:34:05,835 --> 00:34:09,422 And it's even more inconceivable they never discussed it. 600 00:34:13,718 --> 00:34:17,346 Our defense was that everything that Eileen 601 00:34:17,388 --> 00:34:20,099 testified to was in the public domain. 602 00:34:23,102 --> 00:34:25,688 She would, like a sponge, 603 00:34:25,730 --> 00:34:29,901 absorb the known facts and then spin them her way. 604 00:34:30,318 --> 00:34:34,238 I remember going past the reservoirs 605 00:34:34,280 --> 00:34:37,075 towards Half Moon Bay. 606 00:34:37,575 --> 00:34:42,413 My father had a rock in his two hands 607 00:34:43,289 --> 00:34:46,292 and he crashed the rock down 608 00:34:46,334 --> 00:34:48,795 against her head. 609 00:34:48,836 --> 00:34:53,716 And I heard the sound of the rock crushing her head. 610 00:34:56,344 --> 00:35:00,556 She used to wear this silver ring with a stone in it. 611 00:35:02,308 --> 00:35:04,227 She had her hands up to her head 612 00:35:04,268 --> 00:35:06,395 when the stone came down. 613 00:35:09,190 --> 00:35:13,611 He was really serious with me and told me to help him pull 614 00:35:13,653 --> 00:35:17,615 the mattress out and he pulled it out 615 00:35:17,657 --> 00:35:21,369 and I got into the car. 616 00:35:22,745 --> 00:35:26,082 Basically it tells you something about just how big 617 00:35:26,124 --> 00:35:31,212 a false memory is possible to plant in the human mind 618 00:35:31,254 --> 00:35:33,756 and that so many people, 619 00:35:33,798 --> 00:35:36,425 ordinary people were willing to buy it 620 00:35:36,467 --> 00:35:38,511 hook, line, and sinker. 621 00:35:41,139 --> 00:35:43,307 Didn't their come a time in your mind 622 00:35:43,349 --> 00:35:45,643 where you asked yourself... 623 00:35:48,354 --> 00:35:51,816 "How is it I saw Susan's ring?" 624 00:35:52,024 --> 00:35:54,944 Didn't there ever come a time in your mind 625 00:35:54,986 --> 00:35:56,612 where you asked yourself that question? 626 00:35:56,654 --> 00:35:58,072 No. 627 00:35:58,656 --> 00:36:02,201 I just remember focusing my eyes on her hand. 628 00:36:03,327 --> 00:36:05,288 What else do you remember seeing? 629 00:36:06,622 --> 00:36:08,875 That Susan was laying on the ground. 630 00:36:08,916 --> 00:36:11,252 When you say you focused on the hand, 631 00:36:11,294 --> 00:36:13,129 - was her hand bloody? - Do you recall? 632 00:36:13,171 --> 00:36:14,797 Yes. 633 00:36:16,632 --> 00:36:19,051 Was there anything near her hand, do you recall? 634 00:36:19,093 --> 00:36:20,845 I don't remember. 635 00:36:20,887 --> 00:36:23,681 Was there anyone within your vision 636 00:36:23,723 --> 00:36:26,225 - of Susan at that time? - Anyone else? 637 00:36:28,311 --> 00:36:30,354 I just saw Susan on the ground. 638 00:36:30,730 --> 00:36:32,857 Do you remember seeing where your father was 639 00:36:32,899 --> 00:36:34,901 - at that moment? - No, I don't remember. 640 00:36:38,654 --> 00:36:40,531 Do you remember how far away from the van 641 00:36:40,573 --> 00:36:42,366 you were at that moment? 642 00:36:44,243 --> 00:36:46,537 - No, I don't. - Any idea? 643 00:36:47,830 --> 00:36:49,874 - Do you want me to guess? - No. 644 00:36:50,124 --> 00:36:53,002 Okay, I'm saying I looked down, I was focusing on looking 645 00:36:53,044 --> 00:36:56,088 at Susie's hand, and it was bloody, and that's what 646 00:36:56,130 --> 00:36:58,674 I was staring at. And I can't-- I can't estimate 647 00:36:58,716 --> 00:37:00,718 for you how far I was from the van. 648 00:37:00,927 --> 00:37:03,804 Nor can you tell us where your dad was at the time? 649 00:37:03,846 --> 00:37:05,723 No. 650 00:37:05,765 --> 00:37:08,643 Nor can you tell us anything else about that scene? 651 00:37:08,684 --> 00:37:10,144 Correct? 652 00:37:10,186 --> 00:37:12,563 I haven't answered that already? 653 00:37:13,981 --> 00:37:17,068 - It's impossible. - It's impossible to discern 654 00:37:17,109 --> 00:37:18,945 whether something is a false or true memory. 655 00:37:18,986 --> 00:37:21,322 That's why you have to have corroboration, 656 00:37:21,364 --> 00:37:22,865 but no corroboration? 657 00:37:22,907 --> 00:37:25,284 No one should ever be tried for a case based 658 00:37:25,326 --> 00:37:27,453 on memory alone. 659 00:37:29,789 --> 00:37:32,041 The whole repressed memory theory strikes me 660 00:37:32,083 --> 00:37:36,587 - as voodoo psychology. - That, I believe, is bogus. 661 00:37:38,297 --> 00:37:40,049 - Who did it? - You know, unfortunately, 662 00:37:40,091 --> 00:37:42,051 there are child killers all around 663 00:37:42,093 --> 00:37:44,637 and there are monsters that-- that lurk. 664 00:37:45,805 --> 00:37:48,766 So some monster killed her, but not George. 665 00:37:50,935 --> 00:37:52,561 That's not a burden on the defense 666 00:37:52,603 --> 00:37:54,939 to point to the true killer, however... 667 00:37:54,981 --> 00:37:58,693 there was some bad person in the neighborhood 668 00:37:58,734 --> 00:38:01,612 at that time trying to inveigle little kids 669 00:38:01,654 --> 00:38:04,949 into his vehicle, apparently with a gun. 670 00:38:05,992 --> 00:38:08,536 The police focused on someone like that 671 00:38:08,577 --> 00:38:10,413 in the initial investigation, 672 00:38:10,454 --> 00:38:13,040 and that seemed to me to ring more true than someone saying, 673 00:38:13,082 --> 00:38:15,293 "I repressed the memory and here's how it really happened." 674 00:38:15,334 --> 00:38:18,296 I mean, that was a bona fide suspect. That was real. 675 00:38:24,010 --> 00:38:27,430 On the day that Susan was abducted, 676 00:38:29,724 --> 00:38:32,643 my buddy and I were crossing guards. 677 00:38:32,977 --> 00:38:36,856 You got a hat and you got a sash and a badge, 678 00:38:38,107 --> 00:38:40,818 and we got to leave the class a couple of minutes before 679 00:38:40,860 --> 00:38:43,446 the bell rang so we could get out to get 680 00:38:43,487 --> 00:38:45,823 the kids safely across the street. 681 00:38:49,869 --> 00:38:52,163 We saw a blue station wagon 682 00:38:52,204 --> 00:38:56,208 and it had cardboard all taped inside of the windows. 683 00:38:57,501 --> 00:39:00,588 And we thought, well, there is something suspicious. 684 00:39:01,672 --> 00:39:04,342 So we decided to ride alongside of it 685 00:39:04,383 --> 00:39:06,510 and see who the driver was. 686 00:39:09,013 --> 00:39:12,475 And as we approached it, it was speeding away. 687 00:39:13,976 --> 00:39:17,229 We chased it for a half a block or so and picked up 688 00:39:17,271 --> 00:39:20,191 the license plate, by memory. 689 00:39:20,232 --> 00:39:24,862 Came back home, told my mom about it. 690 00:39:26,364 --> 00:39:29,367 She, of course, dismissed it like, you know, nine, 691 00:39:29,408 --> 00:39:32,870 ten-year-olds, you know, telling stories, so to speak. 692 00:39:34,497 --> 00:39:36,123 Sometime in the night, 693 00:39:36,165 --> 00:39:38,959 people were calling around trying to find Susan. 694 00:39:39,001 --> 00:39:42,713 And the call came in to our house as well, 695 00:39:42,755 --> 00:39:44,423 like everybody else. 696 00:39:47,176 --> 00:39:50,554 The police knew that it wasn't some fictitious story. 697 00:39:52,056 --> 00:39:54,975 We saw this car, and that was the exact same description 698 00:39:55,017 --> 00:39:58,729 that several adults gave at about the same time as well. 699 00:40:00,898 --> 00:40:05,361 We are using the information we received Friday 700 00:40:05,403 --> 00:40:06,904 from another nine-year-old girl. 701 00:40:06,946 --> 00:40:08,906 The description of the vehicle, 702 00:40:08,948 --> 00:40:11,867 it occurred about two blocks from 703 00:40:11,909 --> 00:40:13,786 the home of this missing girl. 704 00:40:13,828 --> 00:40:16,789 And we're-- yes, we're tying them together 705 00:40:16,831 --> 00:40:19,500 as a possible suspect vehicle. 706 00:40:19,875 --> 00:40:23,129 On the Friday before Susan's disappearance, 707 00:40:23,170 --> 00:40:27,216 one of Susan's classmates described that she had seen 708 00:40:27,258 --> 00:40:31,637 a man in a blue station wagon driving slowly by. 709 00:40:32,680 --> 00:40:36,142 She testified that the man had stopped 710 00:40:36,183 --> 00:40:38,227 and had talked to her 711 00:40:38,269 --> 00:40:40,980 and tried to get her to get into the station wagon. 712 00:40:41,021 --> 00:40:44,400 He had opened the door and there were some dolls in there. 713 00:40:44,442 --> 00:40:46,944 And she also saw a gun. 714 00:40:46,986 --> 00:40:49,029 No one in the area had 715 00:40:49,071 --> 00:40:52,158 a vehicle that fit that description. 716 00:40:52,199 --> 00:40:56,537 So the talk of who would have been the kidnapper 717 00:40:56,579 --> 00:40:59,623 was a lot about who is this guy that was driving 718 00:40:59,665 --> 00:41:01,459 that blue station wagon. 719 00:41:13,846 --> 00:41:16,390 They found someone in   a   blue station wagon. 720 00:41:16,432 --> 00:41:19,393 I don't know if it was the   blue station wagon. 721 00:41:19,810 --> 00:41:21,812 And there were some weird circumstances 722 00:41:21,854 --> 00:41:23,564 around that as well. 723 00:41:24,064 --> 00:41:29,028 It was a gentleman that didn't have any grandkids or kids, 724 00:41:29,069 --> 00:41:31,780 yet they found children's toys 725 00:41:31,822 --> 00:41:35,993 in the back of the station wagon, which is obviously odd 726 00:41:36,035 --> 00:41:39,497 and not something that you would expect to find. 727 00:41:39,538 --> 00:41:42,500 The gentleman, I believe his name was Patterson. 728 00:41:42,541 --> 00:41:46,295 When they found the dolls and children's toys 729 00:41:46,337 --> 00:41:48,297 in the back of the station wagon, 730 00:41:48,339 --> 00:41:50,883 you know, it was front page news. 731 00:41:52,468 --> 00:41:54,720 Patterson was due to be arraigned here 732 00:41:54,762 --> 00:41:56,722 on charges of attempted kidnapping 733 00:41:56,764 --> 00:41:59,517 and attempting to entice a female juvenile into his car. 734 00:41:59,558 --> 00:42:01,185 He is being questioned about 735 00:42:01,227 --> 00:42:02,937 the disappearance of Susan Nason, 736 00:42:02,978 --> 00:42:05,022 but he is not charged in connection 737 00:42:05,064 --> 00:42:07,525 - with the Nason case. - Foster City police say 738 00:42:07,566 --> 00:42:11,529 that at this point there is no link between Patterson 739 00:42:11,570 --> 00:42:13,197 and the disappearance of Susan. 740 00:42:15,574 --> 00:42:19,453 Although there was a lot of suspicion surrounding 741 00:42:19,495 --> 00:42:24,333 this gentleman, there was not enough evidence to tie him 742 00:42:24,375 --> 00:42:29,213 to Susan Nason. And when he was ultimately released, 743 00:42:30,256 --> 00:42:33,217 it was a bit of a blow to the community 744 00:42:33,259 --> 00:42:35,177 because then everybody was back to square one. 745 00:42:35,219 --> 00:42:38,556 Well, if it's not this guy, 746 00:42:38,597 --> 00:42:40,808 then who was it? 747 00:42:44,061 --> 00:42:46,021 It's been 21 years since 748 00:42:46,063 --> 00:42:48,524 the decomposed body of eight-year-old Susan Nason 749 00:42:48,566 --> 00:42:51,902 was discovered in a remote area of the San Francisco Peninsula. 750 00:42:51,944 --> 00:42:54,363 The crime remained a mystery, but last fall, 751 00:42:54,405 --> 00:42:57,199 a witness stepped forward with a sensational claim. 752 00:42:57,241 --> 00:42:59,410 Eileen Franklin-Lipsker said she watched 753 00:42:59,451 --> 00:43:02,204 as her father first sexually assaulted Susan Nason, 754 00:43:02,246 --> 00:43:04,331 then killed her. 755 00:43:04,373 --> 00:43:07,751 The Franklin case sounds like a plot made for the movies. 756 00:43:07,793 --> 00:43:12,089 In fact, a movie deal and a book are already in the works. 757 00:43:15,968 --> 00:43:18,262 You have, have you not, been approached 758 00:43:18,304 --> 00:43:21,932 about movie rights and/or book rights 759 00:43:21,974 --> 00:43:24,059 attendant to this case? 760 00:43:24,101 --> 00:43:26,270 Yes, I have been approached. 761 00:43:26,312 --> 00:43:29,857 - Is it movie rights? - Is it book rights, or both? 762 00:43:30,816 --> 00:43:33,819 Oh, I've been approached for both. 763 00:43:35,029 --> 00:43:39,992 Eileen started negotiating book and movie deals 764 00:43:40,034 --> 00:43:43,829 - the minute it hit the press. - By this time, 765 00:43:43,871 --> 00:43:45,623 the images from the preliminary hearing 766 00:43:45,664 --> 00:43:48,292 where she's holding a rock up, imitating her father, 767 00:43:48,334 --> 00:43:50,127 getting ready to kill Susan Nason 768 00:43:50,169 --> 00:43:52,463 - were nationwide. - Clips were out all over 769 00:43:52,504 --> 00:43:54,006 the country of that image. 770 00:43:56,967 --> 00:44:01,889 She was contacted by agents, literary agents, movie agents, 771 00:44:01,930 --> 00:44:05,100 production companies, authors, publishers. 772 00:44:05,142 --> 00:44:07,645 They were all over her. 773 00:44:10,773 --> 00:44:13,734 My intent, after all 774 00:44:13,776 --> 00:44:16,445 these producers were just barraging me with calls 775 00:44:16,487 --> 00:44:19,782 and wouldn't leave me alone, and I hired an attorney, 776 00:44:19,823 --> 00:44:22,326 was that any money that came 777 00:44:22,368 --> 00:44:25,079 as a result of what they call my life rights, 778 00:44:25,621 --> 00:44:28,415 that this money would simply go to charity. 779 00:44:28,457 --> 00:44:31,835 And I feel very comfortable with it. 780 00:44:31,877 --> 00:44:33,796 And that was my intent. 781 00:44:33,837 --> 00:44:38,258 And my husband would like to... 782 00:44:39,718 --> 00:44:41,845 retain some of that money 783 00:44:41,887 --> 00:44:44,014 instead of giving it all to charity. 784 00:44:44,056 --> 00:44:47,309 The first we heard of the book and movie deal was before trial. 785 00:44:47,351 --> 00:44:49,728 And our view was it was pretty explosive. 786 00:44:50,437 --> 00:44:53,399 Eileen had a financial interest in the outcome of the case, 787 00:44:53,440 --> 00:44:55,192 because, of course, if he was acquitted, 788 00:44:55,234 --> 00:44:57,236 her story would be worthless. 789 00:44:57,277 --> 00:44:59,822 Her story was only worth something if he gets convicted. 790 00:45:01,198 --> 00:45:04,034 When a witness has a financial interest 791 00:45:04,076 --> 00:45:08,706 in the outcome, it destroys their credibility. 792 00:45:08,997 --> 00:45:11,417 It says you're in it for the money, 793 00:45:11,458 --> 00:45:14,211 you're in it for the fame, you're in it for the glory, 794 00:45:14,253 --> 00:45:16,130 you're not in it to see the just result, 795 00:45:16,171 --> 00:45:18,215 you're in it to advance your own interests. 796 00:45:18,257 --> 00:45:21,051 And of course, Eileen's preposterous testimony 797 00:45:21,093 --> 00:45:23,387 was that she was going to give all the money 798 00:45:23,429 --> 00:45:25,889 from the book to some charitable organization. 799 00:45:25,931 --> 00:45:28,225 Very easy to say that before the money comes in. Right? 800 00:45:28,267 --> 00:45:30,018 You can say I'm going to give it 801 00:45:30,060 --> 00:45:31,729 to the Children's Cancer Society, 802 00:45:31,770 --> 00:45:33,897 but then when the money comes in after the trial, 803 00:45:33,939 --> 00:45:36,150 who knows what really happens to it? 804 00:45:36,191 --> 00:45:38,152 - So, that was her cover story. - Her cover story was, 805 00:45:38,193 --> 00:45:39,903 "Well, yeah, I signed a book deal, 806 00:45:39,945 --> 00:45:41,572 but I wasn't going to keep any money." 807 00:45:41,613 --> 00:45:44,533 I do not want to have any financial gain 808 00:45:44,575 --> 00:45:46,034 from this at all. 809 00:45:46,076 --> 00:45:48,245 I simply want to protect myself 810 00:45:48,287 --> 00:45:51,415 from people writing unauthorized accounts of my life 811 00:45:51,457 --> 00:45:54,251 and unauthorized accounts in movies. 812 00:45:54,293 --> 00:45:56,295 And since these people are chasing after me, 813 00:45:56,336 --> 00:45:59,923 I don't see what choice I have but to get an attorney 814 00:46:01,216 --> 00:46:04,052 in order to protect me. 815 00:46:06,680 --> 00:46:08,724 Before I started writing the book, 816 00:46:08,766 --> 00:46:12,102 Eileen and I talked about whether she would help me 817 00:46:12,144 --> 00:46:15,355 or not, and she ended up wanting to collaborate on 818 00:46:15,397 --> 00:46:19,109 a book, so she would write it herself with another author. 819 00:46:19,151 --> 00:46:21,445 And that's not the sort of book that I write. 820 00:46:21,487 --> 00:46:24,615 I write more journalistic format where I'm not beholden 821 00:46:24,656 --> 00:46:26,784 to anybody as to how the book turns out. 822 00:46:27,159 --> 00:46:29,453 So we went our separate ways. 823 00:46:33,665 --> 00:46:36,126 I'm investigating. I'm doing my stuff, my research, 824 00:46:36,168 --> 00:46:37,836 trying to get the story. 825 00:46:38,420 --> 00:46:42,382 And I receive a tip from a confidential source 826 00:46:42,424 --> 00:46:46,553 that she has a misdemeanor conviction 827 00:46:46,595 --> 00:46:49,139 in San Jose. 828 00:46:52,351 --> 00:46:54,269 I remember it all. 829 00:46:54,728 --> 00:46:57,481 - I mean, we were close. - We had gone through a lot. 830 00:46:57,523 --> 00:47:01,860 - We were pretty promiscuous. - I mean, we were drug users. 831 00:47:01,902 --> 00:47:03,612 I mean, it was, you know-- 832 00:47:03,654 --> 00:47:06,281 I knew what she was doing for a living. 833 00:47:06,323 --> 00:47:09,284 I knew, you know, when she was working 834 00:47:10,160 --> 00:47:12,496 for an escort company. 835 00:47:15,499 --> 00:47:19,336 - So I go down to San Jose. - I go up to the clerk's office 836 00:47:19,878 --> 00:47:23,632 and I say, there's no way that this file is open. 837 00:47:23,674 --> 00:47:26,093 I say, "Do you have a file on Eileen Franklin?" 838 00:47:26,134 --> 00:47:27,845 "Yep. Here it is." 839 00:47:27,886 --> 00:47:30,347 - Look at it. - There are the charges. 840 00:47:30,389 --> 00:47:33,851 There is a transcript of the recording 841 00:47:34,309 --> 00:47:38,689 between Eileen and the cop who busted her. And I say, 842 00:47:38,730 --> 00:47:41,859 "There's no way they're going to let me copy this." 843 00:47:41,900 --> 00:47:43,944 So, I say, "Can I copy this?" 844 00:47:43,986 --> 00:47:46,655 They say, "Yeah, there's a copy machine right over there. 845 00:47:46,697 --> 00:47:48,448 Just costs you a dime." 846 00:48:33,035 --> 00:48:35,078 Were you ever arrested? 847 00:48:35,120 --> 00:48:37,998 - Yes. - For what? 848 00:48:39,458 --> 00:48:42,502 I was arrested for prostitution 849 00:48:42,544 --> 00:48:46,673 - and possession of cocaine. - Prostitution. 850 00:48:46,715 --> 00:48:48,592 You became a prostitute.72260

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