Original subtitles

Hello, everyone.

I'm a doctor with a blood, and we are going to learn about the school before starting with a school,

it is necessary that we understand some basics of databases and pre-selection is going to be an overview

for the same for today's lecture.

We have learned.

What is your plan to learn what is a database, the purpose of database, different types that are available

in databases so that different databases are used in different domains, so we will learn more about

it.

Things you can do with RDBMS know RDBMS is a relational database management system.

You will learn more about this in the later part of the course.

We learn about the data models that are available and some basic terminologies before we start with

Esquibel.

So what is a database?

Database is a collection of organized data information and records.

It contains information about one enterprise.

It maintains any information that may be necessary to the decision making process involved in the management

of that organization.

Now, what does that mean is.

Relate database with an office office is just similar to a database office is a storage, an office

contains various files, records, information of different lines.

Similarly, a database also is a collection of data which is organized, which, in case of an office,

might not be an organized.

And information and records, the only difference between both of them is the structural way of storing

data, and that office is a structural storage when databases are software.

Now, there are a few advantages of DBMS or basic ones are the advantages that are provided by reduced

redundancy.

Now, what do you mean by reduced redundancy?

It simply means that database redundancy is just duplication of data, known database systems maintain

separate copy of data for each application.

So what happens in an office is that when you have a record of Buntline in one file support, if that

particular client has recorded some something else.

So you need to maintain another record for that same client with all the details.

Again, this is simply duplication of data.

That is what we are referring to reduced that would get into a redundancy in database.

What happens is that we are keeping a collection of all the tables together.

But one table is particularly dedicated to storing the information of clients under the table will be

storing the information of audit.

This way, the database helps to reduce the redundancy.

That means it avoids duplication of data giving a better user experience.

Now, our second advantage, that is data inconsistency.

What exactly does this mean is that when the redundancy is not controlled, there may be occasions on

which to embrace about the same.

Not that is one of them stool's updated information and the other does not.

At such times, the database is set to be inconsistent.

Not very good example for this would be in an office.

Let's say for one client.

We have two different files.

Suppose the address of that particular client has been updated.

The user, the official.

Has abated only one file for the client, while the other file still shows the old address.

Now, beyond that is clearly a mismatch of address of that one client.

So this is what is inconsistency, which is taken care of in a database because there is something called

this cascading.

So when you are updating one record of that one client everywhere, it is reflected at the very same

thing.

There are some rules to do it, which we will learn more later in the course.

But for now, this is how we can calculate that inconsistency if you are using a database.

Next advantage of a database is a sharing of data that is shared data.

What does this mean?

Is that individual piece of data in the database may be shared among several different uses in the sense

that each of those users may have access to the same piece of data and each of them may use it for different

purposes.

So now what happens here is that suppose I have suppose of yet in looking at a bank organization now,

if I am updating somebody going from one branch of the bank that this particular user has deposited

X amount.

Now this has to be updated in all my branches of that same bank because my account for that one particular

customer is just one.

And so data should also be a given.

That's where share data comes into the scenario.

When I'm sharing some data, I'm getting some data at one location, but the same is being reflected

everywhere because it is accessible from anywhere.

That really does not happen in case of office storage, because what happens in storage is that if I

want to share some data, if I have updated some data, I'm not sure whether it is consistent or not.

Again, this will cost data inconsistency.

So that is a very big advantage.

Up next, what we have is standardized data.

Now, the DBM is going to ensure that all the data that distorts and really follow the applicable standards,

there may be certain standards laid by the company or the organization using that particular database.

Similarly, then maybe be national or international standards.

Standardizing store the data formats is particularly desired as an aid to data or migration between

systems.

Now, what exactly the standardized data mean that there is some there are some rules that we need to

follow in storing data.

That is not the case while we are storing data in an office.

When we are physically storing some data, the company itself approves of some particular format.

There could be a possibility that one plane having two different orders have two different forms of

storage of data.

Both of them are inconsistent, but they both have different formats of storage.

But that generally is not the case with database.

There was only one form, there is one rule that is one standard followed you to which it becomes very

easy for the other user to read data.

And hence, standardization is very important.

Next, we are talking about is the second security, not when we're talking about security and then

we're talking about data, it is more important that we concentrate on security as well, because when

it comes to organization, let's say a company and some MNC, they have some data stored.

Obviously, that data should not be labeled.

So it is very much important that we take care of the security for that.

We definitely have some authorization or access which which can be controlled by the admin for database.

But that is not the case with an office.

If your office is a storage of data.

In that case, there is a possibility that there might be some data, there might be some fire theft

or some issues with that.

So security is comparatively less in that area.

But when you are talking about the database management system, it ensures data security and privacy

by ensuring that the only means of access is through proper channels and also by getting authorization

checks, which might not happen in an office whenever access to sensitive data is attempted.

So whenever you see that there is some access to sensitive data, there will always be some authorization

checks being performed.

Now, what does this data security detail exactly, the first data security refers to protection of

data against accidental or intentional disclosure to unauthorized persons or unauthorized modifications

or destructions.

Definitely when I am running an organization or if I'm running a company I would not want, my data

should be shared accidentally or intentionally to any other party, to any other unauthorized IP.

And for that, we need to go to.

Next is privacy of data, not security and privacy at very different times, so that security was all

about securing our data against unauthorized access or modification or destructions in case of privacy.

It refers to the rights of individuals and organizations to determine for themselves then how and what

extent information about them is to be transmitted to the others.

Your privacy means that suppose if I want to share my data with some unauthorized person, then there

is a limit to it that only this part can be shared with them about that.

That limit is once that limit is breached, we cannot share any more data because then that actually

breaches the papacy and the confidentiality of data.

So security is a very good advantage of it, because we have different softwares, we have different

methods to secure it over there, which may not be the case in case of an office or a physical storage.

Next, we are talking about integration.

So what exactly does integrated data means?

So when our database contains data employed by many different users, it is important that association

between data should not be destroyed.

Hardware failures and various types of accidents will occur occasionally.

The storage of data, its application insertion procedures defined by the database are such that the

system can easily recover from these circumstances without harm to come to the data.

Not this is the most important point.

The integrated data support, for example, in your office.

There is some leakage, some ceiling leakage data, which some firefighters were destroyed.

Now some information is lost, which is not possible to recover because those files were pen and paper

written.

Or maybe in Britain or in Britain, but in both cases, the data will be lost, reprising or recovering

from that piece becomes very difficult.

But in case of database's, suppose there is some hardware failure or there is some software failure,

there are or will be responsible.

So let's say you're working in a bank organization.

I started with a transaction, but you do hydrophilic.

I could not completely know what that system was.

It will roll back my transaction.

That is, if I was supposed to deposit two hundred rupees, I was in the middle of the transaction,

but in my two hundred rupees was getting added to my previous balance.

But due to hydrophilic that was not possible.

So what exactly the system did was it called back.

And now my account balance is the same as it was before.

Or probably it might come after that failure is recovered, but there is no way that I have lost some

data.

There is always a fallback strategy available in case of database, which is very much a necessity in

the current phase of life.

Now that we are going to talk about is the purpose of database now, I guess Advantageous has already

covered that.

Why exactly do we need to use a database so database on the information that a person needs in his personal

business social?

The power and purpose of information is not only in collecting and finding them, but more importantly,

using them.

So consider a company which has a lot of data.

Any gaming company.

It has a lot of data.

To improve more on their game.

They will have to check the historical data.

And also they have collected the data.

They have found the data.

Now, how can they make use of it for which we need past records to be available within one view.

But in case of file structure, you must have seen if you want to know, if you want to analyze the

data, it becomes very tedious.

You have to really have to write your research manually, update the records, create a view so that

everything is available in one section itself, which is a very difficult and very tedious review.

But in case of database, there are simple queries that which we can use and probably manipulate our

data and create a view of that.

Due to which the reading becomes easy, analyzing becomes easy.

So that is the main purpose of databases, even in growth of organization or database is very useful.

Moving to next, there are two different kinds of database that we have.

One is the structured database, the one is the free form database.

Now, what exactly is a structured database?

It is called the structured data in which a record or file of information is arranged in uniform format.

Now, let's see if I have.

No, you're not talking about database or if I is just talking about the structure, how structurally

your data is being stored.

Let's say in an office there are some random files with some random records.

And this is a very unstructured way because I don't know when I want to search for a client which files

to exactly search for, but my every file has a name on it that this file is dedicated to disclosing.

I exactly know how to search for it.

That's where the structural part comes into the picture.

Now, these databases are usually storage of information with similar entry, such as a list of persons

born in a country or medical database of patients data, an inventory database of a company and many

others.

So while I was explaining you that what is a database, I mentioned that it is generally created for

one enterprise.

That is what we're talking about.

So when I talk about a company, a database is completely indicated to the data of that company.

You will never see that one database is storing data for two different companies.

That will never happen.

That's where the router structure starts so that this structure database now coming to free from database.

Now, this is a loose collection of information such as those you will find on Google or on your worldwide

web.

Whatever a collection of your documents in the computer made from several programs can be considered

as being from databases.

So you can refer to the database as more of unstructured.

But in this case, we are not very much concerned about finding that because there is always an option

of searching, which is much better and much faster than the normal database.

So in case of Google as well, if you search for basics of database, you'll get 10 links available.

But what is the reason behind this?

That you get the links to Germany, which are relevant to your search engine?

That exactly is free form database.

And those feelings can be from any different companies or any different websites are any different,

but that does not matter.

So this is all scattered but still structured so that it's free from the MS.

Now, in terms of the damage now, we just learned about kinds of databases, now we are going to learn

about types of databases that are two different types of databases.

One is operational.

The other one is analytical.

What is happening in operational is that it is a dynamic database that is used by any organization in

its day to day operation that used to collect data, maintain, modify and delete that also known as

transactional database.

Now, if we give you an example, consider a bank organization as an example for this particular state,

your operation.

This is an operational database because what we are doing exactly that is every day, whoever is creating

an account, we are getting our database.

We are collecting data.

Let's say someone is depositing some amount into his own account.

We have more defined some data.

Let's say someone has closed his account with the bank.

Then he's trying to delete the data.

So this becomes operational database where your day to day activities are being tracked, not coming

to the other part that is analytical database you have what you're looking for is it is a static database

is really more different and need the database.

Generally, you will see in big data to me that there is a huge data available.

You will never see that that data is being modified or that data is never being updated.

Because what happens is that it is just historical storage of all your data, and it is generally used

for making long term projections and analysis.

So what is happening is that considered the gaming gaming company examples that you are just storing

every day's data.

And now the databases become static.

You have some old order that you you cannot modify because those are like records and you have a job

from other uses.

You cannot modify their data.

But definitely you can learn the behavior of the users, which we have kind of an analytical database.

And based on that, you can predict the future.

This is the analysis part.

So that becomes an analytical database.

You can any day transform your operational database to another vehicle database, but there comes some

certain negative aspect to it because there are some restrictions to the storage of data.

The data, if it becomes more heavy than operational database, might not be able to fetch results in

a faster manner for which you would need some other types of tools for analytics.

So in analytical, you would see that we have as we have high we have EMR that you can analyze the data,

huge data.

But in case of operational databases, you can use my secret, some secret that some Secret Service,

because they're really concerned about maintaining the day to day operations.

Moving to next is the idea.

So right now, we all talked about databases, databases, nothing but part of it is what is RDBMS relational

database management system?

Then relational data is being managed by a system.

That's what is an RDBMS.

So basically what it does is create a database.

It stores some information, whatever information is being stored within the drive, that now they have

to manage that information so that none of them lead or they probably have secured other information.

So that part is covered in information management.

Next, as information analysis, that is whatever data we have, you probably want to do a little analysis

on that for future prediction and make sure what we have is printing and sharing of information.

Obviously, once you have created over you the need to share our information with the other levels of

organization.

So that's where it comes from.

Next, we are going to talk about the basic flu now, what exactly happens is that relational databases

is the root.

So there is one database that is dedicated to one enterprise, not in that one database.

You will have a number of schemas based on a number of users, what, having access to the database.

So you will have individual schemas.

So let's say an employee A is part of that particular organization and wants to have an access to that

relational database so that one schema will be created in his name.

Similarly, there would be many others.

No papers and nothing but the information, the actual data that is being stored inside a scheme.

So this will always be the floor and similar structure we will be following.

What about a school?

Its basic queries and on.

Moving to next now we have talked a lot about database, but it is really important that you know your

data and to know your data, it is important to understand what is doing.

So basically, it is a number or value found and stored in the database.

Data is static because it remains the same until it is modified by a process.

So just as to inform.

So A is what information it is one data.

Whatever applied is offering as a course to you, that is data.

Now you're the data for a pledge is not static because a pledge is just improving day by day, by updating

more information, adding more courses available to you.

So this data is dynamic.

It is being modified every day for better use, experience, experience.

But there are a few cases where the data is static and that is static because it has never changed.

Let's say there was some X, Y, Z company which has started long back and now there are more operations

being performed on that.

So my data will remain untouched by data unchanged.

So that is a demand data becomes a static.

Coming to information, it is a data that has been processed there by making it relevant and meaningful

to the person viewing it.

Information is dynamic because it changes relative to the data stored in the database and could be processed

in many ways, not this one little complex.

I would simplify the definition for you.

Data was basically some raw kind of information that we had.

Suppose this is tell me the name of forced by customers.

This is information.

The name of that customer is ABC, this is data.

So that is a very thin line between data and information.

Data is the exact value, information is the meaning of that value.

Next is Nell handling these are some common terminologies that you will come across when you are using

Esquibel.

But before we start, generally there is a perception that values are generally referred to as zettl

in the database.

But that is not the case.

None means we don't know.

So whenever you see that there is some value against that particular flight, so it does not mean that

it goes on.

It is some language that we don't know.

So what happened is considered an example for bank in that if you see that the mobile number against

one particular client is not, that does not mean that it is zero or that does not mean that the user

does not have a mobile number.

It just means that we don't know.

The mobile number probably is just not being updated in our database.

That's the basic interpretation of man and why money is very much important to understand is whenever

you come across some goodies, some if you try to run them.

We have to understand the equality of values.

None compared with men, first of all, cannot be compared with anything and anything is.

So they cannot be compared to anything.

Now, next, we'll talk about people so we are told about relational databases, we talked about Gmod.

We also had David David is the main source where all your data is going to be stored.

Now, that is a small example that I have attached in the slide.

You can refer to that.

To make it more familiar with the jargons of a school table is also called acetylation.

OK, I think we will understand more in the next lecture and we will talk about in Relationship Dayglo,

that's where you'll understand the right discolouration.

Next, we have, as you can see, this is one table with three columns, customer and customer name

status.

OK, now, when I say that these are columns, that is a very limited language.

But in terms of a school, those are also referred to as features or attributes.

So customer ID is a customer name is a field status as a field.

Or you can say these are attributes.

No, similarly, we are defining columns.

We also have rules in our degrees, as in this custom that I do one with the customer name Goulbourn

and Active Status.

This is one group now in database we do not refer to as Azrael.

There are two different terminology.

One is double and the other one is the record.

So basically, more often in school, you will hear any number of taboos or records or rules.

With any number fees or columns or attributes.

And how to find a degree of a David degree of a table is basically the number of columns, so degree

of this particular table is three.

Now, to define it in a very memorandum, it is the main structure in the relational database able defines

the structure of the database.

It is composed of attributes that the features, columns and domain domain that means that calls rules

to fill a table must almost always represent a subject that can be an object person, place or thing

on an even.

Similarly good in this example, we can see that this table is dedicated to customers, so it has all

customers data.

Similarly, we will have a number of tables that is also related to customers.

But you're distorting some of that information on the customer.

So these are tables.

Next, as I already explained to you, what is it, a court record is nothing but a couple.

Nothing but a law or just.

It is basically referring to a specific person place thing or an event.

So as we are seen in our previous example or even here, this particular rule, this law is dedicated

to Google.

This rule is dedicated to Amazon or for a customer.

This is always dedicated to Apple as and as our custom.

So it is referring to some specific person place thing or an event.

Now, this is particularly referring to a person.

It is referring to a company, one single company.

And there is some status here, which we are not sure.

It is probably showing that this company is going to be active with us or not.

Now it pertains to structuring the database, representing a unique instance of a subject.

Moving to next, we have news.

Now, we learned about people, but there is something which I was also using very consistently that

was used, that we need to create some views on our people to understand that what exactly our database

is holding.

This view is also referred to as a virtual table by virtual, because what is happening is that it is

not holding data on its own in case of people it was holding the lead on its own.

This table is like a house that records the data is like the family members living in that house.

While case of view, this is.

Simply, we can refer to it as a virtual table when the data is being retrieved from the base table

just for display purposes.

It is only used for display purposes, you will never see that whenever you have updated some information

in your base, but the view has to be redone so that the details are being used.

What happens is that if you are deleting or modifying a record, that particular table will be updated.

But to update the view, you have to read in that part of the query to a bit of us with.

So to give a formal definition for this, it is known as the words were, David, just as we discussed

it is called a virtual table, since it does not will be done on its own.

Rather, it gets the data from the table, which it is based on, and since it comes from other table,

it is composed of several feeds coming from one or more data.

So what is happening here in the View is that what is the purpose of you know, let's say there are

two tables.

One is the customer table and the other one is decidedly different.

Look, these are two different tables.

Now, if I want to see a common view of all the salary of all the customers, of all our employees,

let's say, OK, now this is possible only when I join these two tables and create a.

So that's where Bill comes into the picture, where we're able to see data at one place from different

sources, from different data sources.

Not a relationship.

Now, what is this that it is basically, just as I told you, for example, that there was customer

table and then there was this side of your table.

I want to see a view of what customers offer the customers having what number of salaries.

So for this, there has to be some joining condition or there has to be some connection between these

two bills, as in how will I understand that?

Which salary exactly?

They will be the first to which employee in table eight.

So that has to be some connection medium between them.

That's where we are talking about relationship.

And that is the end.

Next lecture, we will also discuss about the basics of school.