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57
00:04:46,086 --> 00:04:49,021
AND MANY OF ITS RESIDENTS,
HAVE BEEN JUST AS COLORFUL
58
00:04:49,023 --> 00:04:50,889
AS ITS STREETS.
59
00:04:55,728 --> 00:04:58,163
CHARLESTON'S LOCATION,
SURROUNDED BY WATER
60
00:04:58,165 --> 00:05:01,066
AT THE MOUTHS OF THE ASHLEY
AND COOPER RIVERS,
61
00:05:01,068 --> 00:05:04,102
MADE THE CITY AND ITS PORT
PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE
62
00:05:08,141 --> 00:05:11,643
IN THE EARLY 1700s,
THE INFAMOUS BLACKBEARD
63
00:05:11,645 --> 00:05:14,146
PLUNDERED VESSELS ANCHORED
IN CHARLESTON HARBOR,
64
00:05:14,148 --> 00:05:17,983
HOLDING THEIR CARGO AND
PASSENGERS FOR RANSOM.
65
00:05:17,985 --> 00:05:20,952
BLACKBEARD ESCAPED CAPTURE
IN SOUTH CAROLINA,
66
00:05:20,954 --> 00:05:24,723
BUT ANOTHER EQUALLY COLORFUL
PIRATE NAMED STEDE BONNET
67
00:05:24,725 --> 00:05:26,858
WASN'T SO LUCKY.
68
00:05:26,860 --> 00:05:29,628
HE WAS BROUGHT TO JUSTICE HERE
IN CHARLESTON'S BATTERY PARK
69
00:05:29,630 --> 00:05:31,630
OVERLOOKING THE HARBOR.
70
00:05:34,133 --> 00:05:37,002
STEDE WAS AN UNLIKELY BUCCANEER.
71
00:05:37,004 --> 00:05:43,508
SOME CALLED HIM
THE GENTLEMAN PIRATE.
72
00:05:43,510 --> 00:05:45,844
BUT LEGEND SAYS
THAT MARITAL PROBLEMS
73
00:05:45,846 --> 00:05:48,680
DROVE HIM TO A LIFE OF CRIME.
74
00:05:48,682 --> 00:05:52,250
HE BOUGHT AN OLD SLOOP,
NAMED IT REVENGE,
75
00:05:52,252 --> 00:05:55,287
AND PLUNDERED VESSELS
UP AND DOWN THE EAST COAST
76
00:05:55,289 --> 00:05:59,891
BEFORE HE WAS FINALLY CAPTURED
IN THE CAROLINAS.
77
00:05:59,893 --> 00:06:03,695
ON DECEMBER 10, 1718,
STEDE WAS BROUGHT HERE
78
00:06:03,697 --> 00:06:08,266
TO WHITE POINT GARDENS
TO FACE THE GALLOWS.
79
00:06:08,268 --> 00:06:12,437
HIS BODY WAS LEFT HANGING FOR
FOUR DAYS AS A WARNING TO OTHERS
80
00:06:12,439 --> 00:06:16,208
WHO MIGHT HAVE BEEN CONSIDERING
A LIFE OF PIRACY.
81
00:06:19,946 --> 00:06:22,881
IN LATER YEARS, FORTS WERE BUILT
TO PROTECT THE CITY
82
00:06:22,883 --> 00:06:27,519
FROM PIRATES AND THE UNION NAVY.
83
00:06:27,521 --> 00:06:29,321
STARTING IN THE 1841,
84
00:06:29,323 --> 00:06:32,791
70,000 TONS OF NEW ENGLAND
GRANITE AND OTHER STONE
85
00:06:32,793 --> 00:06:36,061
WERE SUNK IN CHARLESTON HARBOR
TO MAKE FORT SUMTER.
86
00:06:36,063 --> 00:06:38,630
IT WAS ONE OF A SERIES
OF KEY FORTIFICATIONS
87
00:06:38,632 --> 00:06:41,733
ALONG THE EASTERN SEABOARD.
88
00:06:41,735 --> 00:06:44,903
LITTLE DID ANYONE KNOW,
THE FIRST ATTACK ON THE FORT
89
00:06:44,905 --> 00:06:47,305
WOULD COME FROM
CHARLESTON ITSELF.
90
00:06:49,175 --> 00:06:54,746
ON APRIL 12, 1861, CONFEDERATE
FORCES STORMED FORT SUMTER
91
00:06:54,748 --> 00:06:57,983
AND FIRED THE FIRST SHOT
OF THE CIVIL WAR--
92
00:06:57,985 --> 00:07:02,354
OR AS IT'S CALLED IN THE SOUTH,
THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES.
93
00:07:08,060 --> 00:07:11,596
GUARDING THE HARBOR TODAY
IS THE U.S.S. YORKTOWN--
94
00:07:11,598 --> 00:07:15,200
AMERICA'S OLDEST
AIRCRAFT CARRIER.
95
00:07:15,202 --> 00:07:17,803
IT'S DOCKED HERE
AT PATRIOTS POINT,
96
00:07:17,805 --> 00:07:22,507
ONE OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST
NAVAL AND MARITIME MUSEUMS.
97
00:07:22,509 --> 00:07:24,543
COMMISSIONED IN 1943,
98
00:07:24,545 --> 00:07:27,279
AND NEARLY AS LONG AS
THREE FOOTBALL FIELDS,
99
00:07:27,281 --> 00:07:32,517
THE YORKTOWN IS THE FOURTH U.S.
NAVAL SHIP TO BEAR THAT NAME.
100
00:07:32,519 --> 00:07:35,320
THE PREVIOUS YORKTOWN WAS LOST
AT THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY
101
00:07:35,322 --> 00:07:37,322
DURING WORLD WAR II.
102
00:07:39,659 --> 00:07:42,227
THIS ONE WAS RENAMED
IN ITS HONOR AND TOOK PART
103
00:07:42,229 --> 00:07:45,096
IN SEVERAL IMPORTANT
PACIFIC THEATER CAMPAIGNS,
104
00:07:45,098 --> 00:07:48,767
INCLUDING THE BATTLE OF IWO JIMA
AND LATER IN VIETNAM,
105
00:07:48,769 --> 00:07:54,439
EARNING HER A TOTAL OF
16 BATTLE STARS.
106
00:07:54,441 --> 00:07:57,776
IN DECEMBER 1968,
THE CARRIER MADE HISTORY
107
00:07:57,778 --> 00:07:59,578
WHEN SHE SERVED AS
THE RECOVERY VESSEL
108
00:07:59,580 --> 00:08:02,681
FOR THE APOLLO 8 COMMAND MODULE
AND HER ASTRONAUTS,
109
00:08:02,683 --> 00:08:04,282
WHO RETURNED TO EARTH
AFTER COMPLETING
110
00:08:04,284 --> 00:08:07,552
NASA'S FIRST MANNED LUNAR
ORBITAL MISSION.
111
00:08:09,856 --> 00:08:13,758
ON THE YORKTOWN'S DECK STANDS
AN F-14A TOMCAT--
112
00:08:13,760 --> 00:08:15,427
ONE OF THE MOST
POWERFUL FIGHTERS
113
00:08:15,429 --> 00:08:18,029
IN THE HISTORY OF THE U.S. NAVY.
114
00:08:18,031 --> 00:08:23,468
AND THE E-1B TRACER.
115
00:08:23,470 --> 00:08:26,471
DATING FROM THE 1950s,
THE E-1B IS MOUNTED
116
00:08:26,473 --> 00:08:28,473
WITH AN EARLY WARNING
RADAR DOME
117
00:08:28,475 --> 00:08:30,342
THAT WAS USED BY THE PLANE'S
FOUR-MAN CREW
118
00:08:30,344 --> 00:08:33,011
TO FIND AND TRACK
ENEMY AIRCRAFT.
119
00:08:39,552 --> 00:08:42,521
TODAY CHARLESTON HARBOR
IS ALSO HOME
120
00:08:42,523 --> 00:08:46,258
TO ONE OF THE BUSIEST CONTAINER
CARGO PORTS IN THE COUNTRY--
121
00:08:46,260 --> 00:08:49,794
SECOND ONLY TO NEW YORK ON
THE EASTERN SEABOARD.
122
00:08:49,796 --> 00:08:53,164
THE PORT IS LOCATED INSIDE
THE MOUTH OF THE COOPER RIVER
123
00:08:53,166 --> 00:08:55,367
TO HELP PROTECT FREIGHTERS
FROM THE HURRICANES
124
00:08:55,369 --> 00:08:57,569
THAT BATTER THE COAST.
125
00:08:57,571 --> 00:08:59,738
WITH ITS WIDE, DEEP
NATURAL HARBOR
126
00:08:59,740 --> 00:09:03,542
AND HIGH-TECH CRANE SYSTEM, THIS
PORT CAN MOVE CARGO AND SHIPS
127
00:09:03,544 --> 00:09:08,146
FASTER THAN ANY OTHER
IN THE UNITED STATES.
128
00:09:08,148 --> 00:09:10,715
BUT TO GET HERE,
SHIPS HAVE TO PASS UNDER
129
00:09:10,717 --> 00:09:14,986
THIS MARVEL OF
MODERN ENGINEERING.
130
00:09:14,988 --> 00:09:21,159
THE ARTHUR RAVENEL BRIDGE SOARS
570 FEET ABOVE THE COOPER RIVER.
131
00:09:21,161 --> 00:09:23,828
ITS ROAD DECKS ARE SUSPENDED
HIGH OFF THE WATER
132
00:09:23,830 --> 00:09:27,866
TO MAKE WAY FOR THE WORLD'S
LARGEST FREIGHTERS.
133
00:09:27,868 --> 00:09:30,835
NAMED AFTER U.S. CONGRESSMAN
ARTHUR RAVENEL, JR.,
134
00:09:30,837 --> 00:09:35,173
THE BRIDGE'S MAIN SPAN IS
MORE THAN 1,500 FEET LONG,
135
00:09:35,175 --> 00:09:37,409
MAKING IT THE LONGEST
CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE
136
00:09:37,411 --> 00:09:39,311
IN NORTH AMERICA.
137
00:09:42,281 --> 00:09:46,217
BUILDING THE RAVENEL WAS
A MAJOR ENGINEERING FEAT.
138
00:09:46,219 --> 00:09:47,752
ITS LOCATION MAKES IT VULNERABLE
139
00:09:47,754 --> 00:09:50,322
TO A HOST OF
POTENTIAL CATASTROPHES,
140
00:09:50,324 --> 00:09:55,894
SO ENGINEERS HAD TO TAKE EVERY
MEASURE TO MAKE IT FAIL-SAFE.
141
00:09:55,896 --> 00:09:59,030
THEY DRILLED 240 DEEP SHAFTS
INTO THE RIVERBED
142
00:09:59,032 --> 00:10:01,266
FOR THE BRIDGE'S MAIN FOOTINGS.
143
00:10:01,268 --> 00:10:05,437
AND THEY ENCASED EACH SUPPORT
TOWER IN A ONE-ACRE ROCK ISLAND,
144
00:10:05,439 --> 00:10:10,809
BUILT WITH MORE THAN
HALF A MILLION TONS OF STONE.
145
00:10:10,811 --> 00:10:14,479
THESE FEATURES ENSURE THAT THE
BRIDGE CAN WITHSTAND EVERYTHING
146
00:10:14,481 --> 00:10:20,318
FROM 300 MILE PER HOUR WINDS
TO MAGNITUDE 7.4 EARTHQUAKES,
147
00:10:20,320 --> 00:10:25,557
AND EVEN IMPACT COLLISION WITH
THE WORLD'S LARGEST SHIPS.
148
00:10:25,559 --> 00:10:27,926
TODAY THE RAVENEL
IS A CRUCIAL LINK
149
00:10:27,928 --> 00:10:30,428
IN SOUTH CAROLINA'S
HIGHWAY SYSTEM.
150
00:10:30,430 --> 00:10:32,964
IT OFFERS TRAVELERS FROM
CHARLESTON FAST ACCESS
151
00:10:32,966 --> 00:10:36,101
TO SOME OF THE STATE'S
GREATEST TREASURES--
152
00:10:36,103 --> 00:10:40,772
THE STUNNING BEACHES AND BARRIER
ISLANDS THAT LINE ITS COAST.
153
00:10:45,277 --> 00:10:47,012
THIS 60-MILE-LONG BEACH
154
00:10:47,014 --> 00:10:49,581
IS SOUTH CAROLINA'S
THE GRAND STRAND,
155
00:10:49,583 --> 00:10:51,549
AND STRETCHES FROM GEORGETOWN
156
00:10:51,551 --> 00:10:54,819
RIGHT UP TO
THE NORTH CAROLINA BORDER.
157
00:10:54,821 --> 00:10:57,322
AT ITS HEART IS MYRTLE BEACH--
158
00:10:57,324 --> 00:11:01,926
SOUTH CAROLINA'S MOST FAMOUS
COASTAL TOWN.
159
00:11:01,928 --> 00:11:04,496
IT'S HOME TO JUST
30,000 WINTER RESIDENTS
160
00:11:04,498 --> 00:11:09,100
BUT TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS
DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS.
161
00:11:09,102 --> 00:11:12,871
THEY TURN THIS SLEEPY WINTER
TOWN INTO A VACATION MECCA,
162
00:11:12,873 --> 00:11:17,375
PACKING HIGH-END HOTELS AND
GOLF COURSES AND CAMPGROUNDS.
163
00:11:21,247 --> 00:11:25,250
THE PACE OF DEVELOPMENT ON THIS
STRETCH OF BEACH HAS BEEN RAPID.
164
00:11:25,252 --> 00:11:29,187
JUST OVER A CENTURY AGO
IT WAS LARGELY UNINHABITED--
165
00:11:29,189 --> 00:11:32,791
AND FOR GOOD REASON.
166
00:11:32,793 --> 00:11:34,859
UP UNTIL THE END OF
THE 19th CENTURY,
167
00:11:34,861 --> 00:11:38,363
SWAMPS MADE IT HARD
TO EVEN GET TO THE COAST...
168
00:11:38,365 --> 00:11:41,132
AND SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS
AND LOW CROP YIELDS
169
00:11:41,134 --> 00:11:44,035
MADE FARMING HERE DIFFICULT.
170
00:11:44,037 --> 00:11:47,472
TO TOP IT OFF,
STORMS BATTERED THE BEACH.
171
00:11:49,809 --> 00:11:52,644
NO ONE KNEW THE DIFFICULTIES
OF FARMING AND SURVIVAL HERE
172
00:11:52,646 --> 00:11:57,115
BETTER THAN A FAMILY
CALLED THE WITHERS.
173
00:11:57,117 --> 00:11:58,616
IN THE MID 1700s
174
00:11:58,618 --> 00:12:01,319
THEY RECEIVED LARGE LAND GRANTS
ALONG THE COAST
175
00:12:01,321 --> 00:12:05,156
AND CLEARED FORESTS
TO MAKE FIELDS.
176
00:12:05,158 --> 00:12:09,694
BUT IN 1822, THE GIFT OF THAT
PROPERTY TURNED TO TRAGEDY
177
00:12:09,696 --> 00:12:12,731
WHEN A HURRICANE SWEPT THE HOME
OF ROBERT WITHERS
178
00:12:12,733 --> 00:12:14,399
INTO THE OCEAN.
179
00:12:14,401 --> 00:12:17,936
18 PEOPLE HAD SOUGHT REFUGE
IN THE HOUSE FROM THE STORM,
180
00:12:17,938 --> 00:12:21,072
BUT 14 OF THEM DROWNED.
181
00:12:21,074 --> 00:12:23,374
AFTER WITHERS WATCHED
THE STORM CARRY AWAY
182
00:12:23,376 --> 00:12:27,345
HIS WIFE AND FIVE CHILDREN,
HE ABANDONED THE LAND
183
00:12:27,347 --> 00:12:31,182
HIS FAMILY HAD HELD HERE
FOR GENERATIONS.
184
00:12:31,184 --> 00:12:33,918
COASTAL FORESTS
RECLAIMED HIS FIELDS
185
00:12:33,920 --> 00:12:37,355
AND THE AREA REMAINED
LARGELY UNINHABITED...
186
00:12:39,925 --> 00:12:43,228
THAT IS UNTIL A LUMBER BARON
ARRIVED WITH A VISION
187
00:12:43,230 --> 00:12:47,332
THAT WOULD TRANSFORM MILES
OF PRISTINE COASTLINE
188
00:12:47,334 --> 00:12:51,002
INTO THE POPULAR TOWNS AND
BEACHES THEY ARE TODAY.
189
00:12:51,004 --> 00:12:53,037
IT STARTED AFTER THE CIVIL WAR,
190
00:12:53,039 --> 00:12:55,373
WHEN A BUSINESSMAN NAMED
F.G. BURROUGHS
191
00:12:55,375 --> 00:12:58,109
BUILT A LUMBER MILL NEARBY.
192
00:12:58,111 --> 00:13:00,645
BURROUGHS LOGGED
THE LONGLEAF PINE TREES
193
00:13:00,647 --> 00:13:04,716
THAT STILL GROW ABUNDANTLY HERE.
194
00:13:04,718 --> 00:13:07,452
HE STARTED LAYING
RAILROAD TRACKS ACROSS THE SWAMP
195
00:13:07,454 --> 00:13:09,420
TO GET HIS TIMBER ONTO SHIPS
196
00:13:09,422 --> 00:13:11,756
AND TRANSPORT IT
UP THE EAST COAST.
197
00:13:13,726 --> 00:13:16,928
BURROUGHS DIED BEFORE
THE TRACKS WERE COMPLETED,
198
00:13:16,930 --> 00:13:20,031
BUT HIS SONS FINISHED HIS WORK.
199
00:13:20,033 --> 00:13:22,233
SOON, VACATIONERS
WERE HITCHING RIDES
200
00:13:22,235 --> 00:13:25,804
ON THE LUMBER TRAINS
TO REACH THE BEACH.
201
00:13:25,806 --> 00:13:30,408
IN 1901 THE BUDDING RESORT HAD
ITS VERY FIRST HOTEL--
202
00:13:30,410 --> 00:13:32,811
THE SEASIDE INN.
203
00:13:32,813 --> 00:13:34,245
LONG SINCE DEMOLISHED,
204
00:13:34,247 --> 00:13:38,216
THE INN WAS AT THE CENTER OF
WHAT'S NOW DOWNTOWN.
205
00:13:38,218 --> 00:13:40,451
THAT SAME YEAR
A CONTEST WAS HELD
206
00:13:40,453 --> 00:13:44,355
TO GIVE THE UP-AND-COMING TOWN
A PROPER NAME.
207
00:13:44,357 --> 00:13:46,291
BURROUGHS' WIDOW PROPOSED
NAMING IT
208
00:13:46,293 --> 00:13:50,762
AFTER THE MYRTLE EVERGREEN SHRUB
THAT GREW ALONG THE SHORE.
209
00:13:50,764 --> 00:13:57,068
SHE WON THE CONTEST AND
THE NAME MYRTLE BEACH WAS BORN.
210
00:13:57,070 --> 00:13:59,337
AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY,
EMPTY LOTS HERE
211
00:13:59,339 --> 00:14:03,208
WERE PURPORTEDLY SOLD FOR JUST
25 DOLLARS A PIECE.
212
00:14:03,210 --> 00:14:05,877
TODAY THEY CAN BE
WORTH MILLIONS,
213
00:14:05,879 --> 00:14:10,415
EVEN THOUGH THE BEACH
THEY'RE ON IS SHRINKING.
214
00:14:10,417 --> 00:14:13,184
STUDIES ARE SHOWING
THAT PARTS OF THE GRAND STRAND
215
00:14:13,186 --> 00:14:18,356
AND LOSE UP TO 8 INCHES OF BEACH
EVERY YEAR TO EROSION.
216
00:14:18,358 --> 00:14:21,593
EVERY FEW YEARS THE STATE SPENDS
TENS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
217
00:14:21,595 --> 00:14:23,695
TO REPLENISH THE BEACH.
218
00:14:23,697 --> 00:14:27,432
OFFSHORE, A DREDGE GATHERS SAND
FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA
219
00:14:27,434 --> 00:14:30,168
AND SENDS IT TO
A PUMPING STATION.
220
00:14:30,170 --> 00:14:34,038
HERE, GIANT PUMPS DELIVER
THE SLURRY OF SAND TO SHORE
221
00:14:34,040 --> 00:14:36,241
VIA STEEL PIPES.
222
00:14:36,243 --> 00:14:37,542
ONCE IT ARRIVES,
223
00:14:37,544 --> 00:14:41,813
BULLDOZERS SPREAD THE NEW SAND
AND SHAPE THE BEACH.
224
00:14:41,815 --> 00:14:46,551
AN AMPHIBIOUS TRIPOD ARMED
WITH GPS, KNOWN AS THE CRAB,
225
00:14:46,553 --> 00:14:48,953
ALLOWS SURVEYORS
TO MAP THE SHORELINE
226
00:14:48,955 --> 00:14:52,757
AND CAREFULLY DETERMINE
HOW MUCH NEW SAND IS NEEDED.
227
00:14:52,759 --> 00:14:55,526
THE REPLENISHED BEACHES CAUSE
STORM SURGES TO BREAK
228
00:14:55,528 --> 00:14:57,662
SAFELY FAR AWAY FROM SHORE,
229
00:14:57,664 --> 00:15:00,098
PROTECTING
THE BEACHFRONT PROPERTY.
230
00:15:06,105 --> 00:15:11,009
SOUTH CAROLINA LIES
IN HURRICANE ALLEY.
231
00:15:11,011 --> 00:15:14,746
EVERY JUNE BRINGS A NEW
HURRICANE SEASON.
232
00:15:14,748 --> 00:15:18,283
NO ONE KNOWS IF AND WHEN
THE NEXT BIG STORM WILL HIT,
233
00:15:18,285 --> 00:15:22,220
BUT WHEN THEY DO THE DAMAGE
CAN BE CATASTROPHIC.
234
00:15:24,823 --> 00:15:28,626
ONE HURRICANE SYSTEM CALLED
THE GREAT STORM OF 1893
235
00:15:28,628 --> 00:15:32,330
KILLED AN ESTIMATED
2,000 PEOPLE ON THE COAST.
236
00:15:35,834 --> 00:15:39,971
IN 1989 HURRICANE HUGO WAS
ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL
237
00:15:39,973 --> 00:15:43,908
RECENT STORMS TO HIT THE STATE.
238
00:15:43,910 --> 00:15:46,978
WINDS GUSTED UP TO
160 MILES PER HOUR
239
00:15:46,980 --> 00:15:49,614
AND COASTAL WATERS
SURGED 20 FEET,
240
00:15:49,616 --> 00:15:55,153
CAUSING 7 BILLION DOLLARS IN
DAMAGE AND KILLING 35 PEOPLE.
241
00:15:57,990 --> 00:16:00,158
SO FAR THIS STATE HAS
NOT YET BEEN HIT
242
00:16:00,160 --> 00:16:04,228
BY A CATEGORY 5 HURRICANE--
THE MOST POWERFUL.
243
00:16:04,230 --> 00:16:06,631
BUT EVERY HURRICANE SEASON
COASTAL RESIDENTS
244
00:16:06,633 --> 00:16:09,901
IN MYRTLE BEACH AND OTHER TOWNS
UP AND DOWN THE COAST
245
00:16:09,903 --> 00:16:12,036
TURN THEIR EYES TO THE SEA
246
00:16:12,038 --> 00:16:15,273
AND TRACK EACH NEW
WEATHER SYSTEM THAT MOVES NORTH,
247
00:16:15,275 --> 00:16:20,578
JUST IN CASE THE NEXT
GREAT STORM IS HEADED THEIR WAY.
248
00:16:26,185 --> 00:16:28,653
BUT IT'S NOT JUST THE COAST
THAT CAN BE HIT HARD
249
00:16:28,655 --> 00:16:30,688
BY NATURAL DISASTERS.
250
00:16:32,925 --> 00:16:34,792
SOUTHWEST OF THE GRAND STRAND
251
00:16:34,794 --> 00:16:36,928
LIES MORE THAN
A QUARTER OF A MILLION ACRES
252
00:16:36,930 --> 00:16:41,699
OF WILD, SWAMPY LAND
AND GIANT CYPRESS TREES.
253
00:16:41,701 --> 00:16:46,237
THIS IS THE FRANCIS MARION
NATIONAL FOREST.
254
00:16:46,239 --> 00:16:51,542
IN 1989, HURRICANE HUGO LEVELED
MORE THAN 30% OF THE FOREST,
255
00:16:51,544 --> 00:16:53,978
AND STRIPPED THE LEAVES
FROM THE CYPRESS TREES,
256
00:16:53,980 --> 00:16:57,548
LEAVING THEM VULNERABLE
TO FOREST FIRES.
257
00:16:57,550 --> 00:17:00,018
BUT IT REMAINS A HAVEN
FOR WILDLIFE,
258
00:17:00,020 --> 00:17:04,489
INCLUDING THE CANADA GEESE THAT
MIGRATE HERE EVERY WINTER.
259
00:17:10,496 --> 00:17:13,531
AT THE END OF THE AMERICAN
REVOLUTION, THE FOREST WAS HOME
260
00:17:13,533 --> 00:17:18,870
TO A FAMOUS FREEDOM FIGHTER
KNOWN AS THE SWAMP FOX.
261
00:17:18,872 --> 00:17:22,807
WHEN BRITISH FORCES TOOK CONTROL
OF SOUTH CAROLINA IN 1780,
262
00:17:22,809 --> 00:17:25,576
IN WHAT'S KNOWN AS
THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON,
263
00:17:25,578 --> 00:17:30,481
MANY IN THE COLONY CONTINUED
TO FIGHT FOR THEIR INDEPENDENCE.
264
00:17:30,483 --> 00:17:32,817
ONE OF THEM WAS
A PLANTATION OWNER AND SOLDIER
265
00:17:32,819 --> 00:17:35,420
NAMED FRANCIS MARION
266
00:17:35,422 --> 00:17:36,754
WHO RALLIED A BAND OF FIGHTERS
267
00:17:36,756 --> 00:17:39,757
TO LAUNCH HIT-AND-RUN ASSAULTS
ON BRITISH REGIMENTS.
268
00:17:42,294 --> 00:17:45,663
THE MEN WERE CALLED
MARION'S BRIGADE.
269
00:17:45,665 --> 00:17:47,598
WITH THE BRITISH
HOT ON HIS TRAIL,
270
00:17:47,600 --> 00:17:50,535
MARION TOOK REFUGE
IN THIS SWAMPY FOREST
271
00:17:50,537 --> 00:17:53,071
JUST 30 MILES NORTH
OF CHARLESTON.
272
00:17:53,073 --> 00:17:58,576
UNABLE TO CATCH HIM, THE BRITISH
NICKNAMED MARION THE SWAMP FOX.
273
00:17:58,578 --> 00:18:01,846
TO THIS DAY, HISTORIANS DEBATE
WHETHER FRANCIS MARION
274
00:18:01,848 --> 00:18:03,881
WAS A TERRORIST OR A HERO
275
00:18:03,883 --> 00:18:06,651
IN AMERICA'S FIGHT
FOR INDEPENDENCE.
276
00:18:09,321 --> 00:18:15,126
SOME CLAIM THAT HE'S THE FATHER
OF MODERN GUERRILLA WARFARE.
277
00:18:15,128 --> 00:18:17,862
WITH SUCH COLORFUL EXPLOITS,
IT'S NO WONDER THAT FILMMAKERS
278
00:18:17,864 --> 00:18:20,231
DREW INSPIRATION
FROM MARION'S LIFE
279
00:18:20,233 --> 00:18:22,733
FOR THE 2000 FILM THE PATRIOT,
280
00:18:22,735 --> 00:18:26,237
STARRING MEL GIBSON
AS THE SWAMP FOX.
281
00:18:35,380 --> 00:18:38,816
WITH SO MANY HURRICANES SLAMMING
SOUTH CAROLINA'S COAST,
282
00:18:38,818 --> 00:18:41,686
BUILDING ANYTHING HERE
CAN BE RISKY...
283
00:18:41,688 --> 00:18:46,357
UNLESS IT'S ENGINEERED
FOR DISASTER.
284
00:18:46,359 --> 00:18:47,792
A TOWER RISES
285
00:18:47,794 --> 00:18:50,862
OVER ONE OF SOUTH CAROLINA'S
COASTAL ISLANDS.
286
00:18:50,864 --> 00:18:56,000
THIS LIGHTHOUSE WAS BUILT WITH
JUST THREE SIDES FOR A REASON.
287
00:18:56,002 --> 00:18:57,802
ITS RIGID TRIANGULAR SHAPE
288
00:18:57,804 --> 00:19:02,773
WILL ENABLE IT TO SURVIVE WINDS
UP TO 125 MILES PER HOUR
289
00:19:02,775 --> 00:19:05,977
AND HELP KEEP SHIPS
SAFELY OFFSHORE.
290
00:19:08,580 --> 00:19:11,716
BUT ONCE, SULLIVAN'S ISLAND
WAS THE PORT OF CALL
291
00:19:11,718 --> 00:19:15,052
FOR MANY OF THE WORLD'S
SLAVE SHIPS.
292
00:19:15,054 --> 00:19:18,222
HISTORIANS ESTIMATE
THAT AS MANY AS 40%
293
00:19:18,224 --> 00:19:19,790
OF THE MILLIONS
OF AFRICAN SLAVES
294
00:19:19,792 --> 00:19:24,395
THAT ARRIVED ON AMERICA'S SHORES
DISEMBARKED HERE.
295
00:19:24,397 --> 00:19:27,064
THOSE WHO SURVIVED
THE VOYAGE FROM AFRICA
296
00:19:27,066 --> 00:19:28,533
WERE QUARANTINED ON THE ISLAND
297
00:19:28,535 --> 00:19:32,970
BEFORE BEING SOLD IN
THE SLAVE MARKETS OF CHARLESTON.
298
00:19:32,972 --> 00:19:34,539
IT'S WHY THE AREA
HAS BEEN CALLED
299
00:19:34,541 --> 00:19:38,476
THE ELLIS ISLAND OF SLAVERY.
300
00:19:38,478 --> 00:19:41,312
IN 1989, THE WRITER
TONI MORRISON
301
00:19:41,314 --> 00:19:45,683
NOTED THAT AMAZINGLY, THERE WAS
NO SUITABLE MEMORIAL, PLAQUE,
302
00:19:45,685 --> 00:19:48,319
OR EVEN WREATH ON THE ISLAND
TO PAY PROPER TRIBUTE
303
00:19:48,321 --> 00:19:52,390
TO THE HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF
SLAVES WHO LANDED HERE.
304
00:19:56,028 --> 00:19:58,896
SULLIVAN'S ISLAND HAS ALSO
PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE
305
00:19:58,898 --> 00:20:01,532
IN THE DEFENSE OF CHARLESTON
AND ITS HARBOR,
306
00:20:01,534 --> 00:20:04,001
THANKS TO FORT MOULTRIE.
307
00:20:06,171 --> 00:20:09,507
WHEN IT WAS BUILT, THE FORT'S
WALLS WERE CONSTRUCTED OF LOGS
308
00:20:09,509 --> 00:20:12,443
MADE FROM FRESHLY CUT
PALMETTO TREES.
309
00:20:14,112 --> 00:20:16,781
DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR,
THIS WOOD PROVED TO BE
310
00:20:16,783 --> 00:20:19,684
SURPRISINGLY RESILIENT
AGAINST CANNON SHOT
311
00:20:19,686 --> 00:20:23,688
AND HELPED COLONIAL FORCES
REPEL A BRITISH NAVAL SIEGE.
312
00:20:25,691 --> 00:20:27,792
IT'S WHY THE PALMETTO TREE
EVENTUALLY BECAME
313
00:20:27,794 --> 00:20:31,829
THE STATE SYMBOL AND APPEARS
ON THE SOUTH CAROLINA FLAG.
314
00:20:36,835 --> 00:20:42,039
SOUTH CAROLINA HAS
187 MILES OF COASTLINE,
315
00:20:42,041 --> 00:20:44,775
BUT THAT NUMBER
CAN BE DECEPTIVE.
316
00:20:44,777 --> 00:20:47,878
BEHIND THE STATE'S PRISTINE
BEACHES AND BARRIER ISLANDS
317
00:20:47,880 --> 00:20:51,082
LIE NEARLY 3,000 MILES
OF SHORELINE.
318
00:20:52,751 --> 00:20:54,185
MUCH OF IT LIES HERE
319
00:20:54,187 --> 00:20:57,188
IN ONE OF THE COUNTRY'S
GREATEST WATERWAYS--
320
00:20:57,190 --> 00:21:01,659
THE MOUTH OF THE SANTEE RIVER.
321
00:21:01,661 --> 00:21:04,729
IT'S THE LARGEST DELTA ON
THE EASTERN SEABOARD.
322
00:21:04,731 --> 00:21:09,467
MILE AFTER MILE OF TWISTING
INLETS AND SALT MARSHES--
323
00:21:09,469 --> 00:21:12,236
A HAVEN FOR MIGRATING BIRDS.
324
00:21:16,275 --> 00:21:20,077
BY 1690, ONE OF THE WORLD'S
MOST DESIRED COMMODITIES
325
00:21:20,079 --> 00:21:22,580
WAS PRODUCED HERE ON THE COAST--
326
00:21:22,582 --> 00:21:27,485
A VARIETY OF RICE
CALLED CAROLINA GOLD.
327
00:21:27,487 --> 00:21:30,121
SLAVES WORKED AND SHAPED
THESE MARSHES TO CREATE
328
00:21:30,123 --> 00:21:34,458
WHAT WERE SOME OF THE LARGEST
RICE PLANTATIONS ON EARTH.
329
00:21:34,460 --> 00:21:39,330
GROWING RICE HERE WAS
BACKBREAKING WORK.
330
00:21:39,332 --> 00:21:41,699
SLAVES CUT DITCHES
AND BUILT EMBANKMENTS
331
00:21:41,701 --> 00:21:43,901
TO CONTROL THE SALINITY
OF THE WATER,
332
00:21:43,903 --> 00:21:49,006
WHILE TRYING TO AVOID ALLIGATORS
AND POISONOUS SNAKES.
333
00:21:49,008 --> 00:21:53,878
RICE BECAME SOUTH CAROLINA'S
BIGGEST COMMODITY.
334
00:21:53,880 --> 00:21:56,781
GEORGETOWN COUNTY ALONE
ONCE PRODUCED CLOSE TO HALF
335
00:21:56,783 --> 00:22:00,017
OF ALL THE RICE GROWN IN
THE U.S. AND AT ONE POINT
336
00:22:00,019 --> 00:22:04,622
EXPORTED MORE RICE THAN ANY
OTHER PORT IN THE WORLD.
337
00:22:04,624 --> 00:22:08,225
IT'S BEEN SAID THAT CAROLINA
GOLD WAS ONCE THE PREFERRED RICE
338
00:22:08,227 --> 00:22:10,961
OF THE EMPEROR OF CHINA.
339
00:22:10,963 --> 00:22:14,198
THE END OF SLAVERY DROVE MOST OF
THESE COASTAL PLANTATIONS
340
00:22:14,200 --> 00:22:15,633
OUT OF BUSINESS.
341
00:22:15,635 --> 00:22:19,036
BUT A FEW OLD STRUCTURES
REMAIN IN THE SWAMP,
342
00:22:19,038 --> 00:22:22,540
LIKE THIS HOUSE BUILT ON STILTS
TO PROTECT RESIDENTS
343
00:22:22,542 --> 00:22:26,977
FROM FLOODING AND STORMS,
A COMMON PRACTICE TO THIS DAY.
344
00:22:32,984 --> 00:22:35,586
WHILE MOST OF SOUTH CAROLINA'S
COASTAL RICE PLANTATIONS
345
00:22:35,588 --> 00:22:40,991
ARE GONE, MANY OTHER
PLANTATION HOUSES INLAND REMAIN.
346
00:22:40,993 --> 00:22:43,794
THE FIRST OF THESE ESTATES WERE
BUILT WHEN BRITISH LORDS
347
00:22:43,796 --> 00:22:47,331
AWARDED LARGE TRACTS OF LAND
HERE TO ENGLISH SETTLERS,
348
00:22:47,333 --> 00:22:51,702
IN ORDER TO FARM RICE, COTTON,
AND OTHER CASH CROPS.
349
00:22:51,704 --> 00:22:53,371
POWERED BY SLAVE LABOR,
350
00:22:53,373 --> 00:22:57,274
THE OUTPUT OF THESE ONCE
GIANT FARMS WAS ASTOUNDING.
351
00:22:57,276 --> 00:22:59,343
BY THE DAWN OF
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION,
352
00:22:59,345 --> 00:23:00,978
PLANTATIONS HERE
HAD ALREADY PRODUCED
353
00:23:00,980 --> 00:23:03,848
A MILLION POUNDS OF
THE PLANT INDIGO,
354
00:23:03,850 --> 00:23:07,351
FROM WHICH WAS PRODUCED
A DISTINCTIVE BLUE DYE.
355
00:23:07,353 --> 00:23:10,121
INDIGO EXPORTS HELPED
MAKE SOUTH CAROLINA
356
00:23:10,123 --> 00:23:13,524
BRITAIN'S WEALTHIEST COLONY.
357
00:23:13,526 --> 00:23:15,459
DURING THE FIRST YEARS
OF THE COLONY
358
00:23:15,461 --> 00:23:18,396
MOST ENGLISH SETTLERS
CAME FROM BARBADOS.
359
00:23:18,398 --> 00:23:20,498
THEY WERE YOUNG,
AMBITIOUS FARMERS
360
00:23:20,500 --> 00:23:23,267
EAGER TO EXPAND
THEIR OPPORTUNITIES.
361
00:23:23,269 --> 00:23:27,972
AMONG THESE EARLY SETTLERS WERE
THOMAS AND ANNE DRAYTON.
362
00:23:27,974 --> 00:23:33,978
ARRIVING FROM BARBADOS IN 1679,
THEY BUILT MAGNOLIA PLANTATION.
363
00:23:33,980 --> 00:23:35,679
BUT IT WAS ONE OF
THE DRAYTON'S SONS
364
00:23:35,681 --> 00:23:39,383
WHO ESTABLISHED THE FAMILY'S
GREATEST LEGACY.
365
00:23:39,385 --> 00:23:40,951
AS THE THIRD SON,
366
00:23:40,953 --> 00:23:44,922
JOHN DRAYTON KNEW HE WOULDN'T
INHERIT HIS FAMILY'S LAND.
367
00:23:44,924 --> 00:23:50,628
SO, IN 1738 THE 23-YEAR-OLD
PURCHASED 350 ACRES OF HIS OWN
368
00:23:50,630 --> 00:23:54,098
ALONG THE ASHLEY RIVER.
369
00:23:54,100 --> 00:23:56,367
THE RIVER WOULD PROVIDE
A TRANSPORTATION NETWORK
370
00:23:56,369 --> 00:24:00,137
TO CARRY HIS CROPS TO THE PORTS.
371
00:24:00,139 --> 00:24:02,306
HE THEN SET ABOUT BUILDING
HIMSELF A NEW HOUSE
372
00:24:02,308 --> 00:24:06,043
ON A GRAND SCALE.
373
00:24:06,045 --> 00:24:09,013
DURING THE CIVIL WAR,
UNION SOLDIERS TORCHED
374
00:24:09,015 --> 00:24:12,583
MANY OF THE PLANTATION HOUSES
ALONG THE ASHLEY RIVER.
375
00:24:12,585 --> 00:24:17,855
AMAZINGLY, DRAYTON HALL WAS ONE
OF ONLY THREE THAT SURVIVED.
376
00:24:17,857 --> 00:24:22,626
WHY IT DID IS A MYSTERY THAT HAS
LONG PUZZLED HISTORIANS.
377
00:24:22,628 --> 00:24:25,529
SOME SAY THAT GENERAL SHERMAN
SPARED THE ESTATE
378
00:24:25,531 --> 00:24:28,566
BECAUSE HE WAS IN LOVE WITH
ONE OF THE DRAYTON WOMEN.
379
00:24:28,568 --> 00:24:31,802
ANOTHER THEORY IS THAT THE
SLAVES WORKING ON THE PLANTATION
380
00:24:31,804 --> 00:24:34,305
WERE ORDERED TO TELL UNION
TROOPS THAT THE HOUSE
381
00:24:34,307 --> 00:24:38,275
WAS A SMALLPOX HOSPITAL
AND SHOULD BE SPARED.
382
00:24:38,277 --> 00:24:41,312
TODAY DRAYTON HALL
IS CONSIDERED THE OLDEST
383
00:24:41,314 --> 00:24:44,782
AND MOST SPLENDID EXAMPLE OF
GEORGIAN PALLADIAN ARCHITECTURE
384
00:24:44,784 --> 00:24:46,617
IN THE UNITED STATES.
385
00:24:46,619 --> 00:24:50,921
LUCKILY, IT'S NOT JUST THE GRAND
HOUSES OF PLANTATION OWNERS
386
00:24:50,923 --> 00:24:52,623
THAT HAVE SURVIVED.
387
00:24:52,625 --> 00:24:57,127
ON THE NEARBY BOONE PLANTATION,
SMALL SLAVE CABINS STILL STAND
388
00:24:57,129 --> 00:24:59,864
ON WHAT'S KNOWN AS SLAVE STREET.
389
00:24:59,866 --> 00:25:02,099
IT WAS COMMON AT THE TIME FOR
SLAVE CABINS TO BE BUILT
390
00:25:02,101 --> 00:25:03,968
IN FRONT OF
A PLANTATION MANSION
391
00:25:03,970 --> 00:25:06,937
AS A PUBLIC DISPLAY
OF THEIR PROSPERITY.
392
00:25:09,241 --> 00:25:11,942
THESE HISTORIC SITES PROVIDE
STUNNING GLIMPSES
393
00:25:11,944 --> 00:25:14,879
OF THE ANTEBELLUM PERIOD AND
A CHANCE TO UNDERSTAND
394
00:25:14,881 --> 00:25:19,149
WHAT LIFE WAS LIKE FOR ENSLAVED
AFRICANS IN SOUTH CAROLINA.
395
00:25:25,490 --> 00:25:27,591
AS PLANTATION PROFITS GREW,
396
00:25:27,593 --> 00:25:31,862
SO, TOO, DID THE ESTATES
OF THEIR OWNERS.
397
00:25:31,864 --> 00:25:34,498
THE VAST LANDSCAPE GARDENS
OF MIDDLETON PLACE
398
00:25:34,500 --> 00:25:38,202
ARE THOUGHT TO BE
THE OLDEST IN THE U.S.
399
00:25:38,204 --> 00:25:39,870
THEY WERE DESIGNED AND PLANTED
400
00:25:39,872 --> 00:25:45,009
SO THAT THERE WOULD BE SOMETHING
IN BLOOM EVERY DAY OF THE YEAR.
401
00:25:45,011 --> 00:25:49,313
MIDDLETON PLACE WAS ALSO THE
SITE OF A FARMING EXPERIMENT.
402
00:25:49,315 --> 00:25:52,449
IN 1846 THE OWNERS IMPORTED
403
00:25:52,451 --> 00:25:54,752
WATER BUFFALO
FROM CONSTANTINOPLE
404
00:25:54,754 --> 00:25:57,955
TO SEE IF, WITH THEIR
WIDE HOOVES AND STURDY LEGS,
405
00:25:57,957 --> 00:26:01,592
THEY COULD OUTPERFORM HORSES
IN TILLING RICE FIELDS.
406
00:26:01,594 --> 00:26:03,360
BUT DURING THE CIVIL WAR
407
00:26:03,362 --> 00:26:05,296
UNION TROOPS BURNED
THE MAIN HOUSE
408
00:26:05,298 --> 00:26:08,666
AND SLAUGHTERED SOME OF
THE ANIMALS FOR FOOD.
409
00:26:08,668 --> 00:26:10,668
MANY OF THE BUFFALO
THAT WERE SPARED
410
00:26:10,670 --> 00:26:16,040
ULTIMATELY ENDED UP IN
NEW YORK'S CENTRAL PARK ZOO.
411
00:26:16,042 --> 00:26:21,345
TODAY, MIDDLETON PLACE IS
A NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK.
412
00:26:21,347 --> 00:26:24,915
ITS GARDENS WERE OPENED TO
THE PUBLIC IN THE 1920s.
413
00:26:24,917 --> 00:26:26,884
THE GARDEN CLUB
OF AMERICA CALLED THEM
414
00:26:26,886 --> 00:26:29,186
"THE MOST INTERESTING
AND IMPORTANT GARDENS
415
00:26:29,188 --> 00:26:32,156
IN THE UNITED STATES."
416
00:26:32,158 --> 00:26:35,826
FROM THE AIR
IT'S EASY TO SEE WHY.
417
00:26:41,533 --> 00:26:44,368
MOVING INLAND FROM
SOUTH CAROLINA'S COASTLINE,
418
00:26:44,370 --> 00:26:47,805
A ROLLING LANDSCAPE BECKONS.
419
00:26:47,807 --> 00:26:50,674
THIS IS NORTH AMERICA'S
LARGEST INTACT AREA
420
00:26:50,676 --> 00:26:54,778
OF OLD GROWTH
FLOODPLAIN FOREST.
421
00:26:54,780 --> 00:26:56,180
THIS FERTILE REGION
ONCE BELONGED
422
00:26:56,182 --> 00:27:00,551
TO A NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBE
CALLED THE CONGAREE.
423
00:27:00,553 --> 00:27:03,921
PERIODICALLY, NEARBY RIVERS
FLOOD THE FOREST,
424
00:27:03,923 --> 00:27:06,090
SUPPLYING IT WITH
NUTRIENTS AND SEDIMENT
425
00:27:06,092 --> 00:27:08,058
THAT CREATE A RICH ECOSYSTEM
426
00:27:08,060 --> 00:27:14,765
THAT'S HOME TO A WIDE VARIETY OF
FISH, REPTILES, AND INSECTS.
427
00:27:14,767 --> 00:27:18,669
WHEN EUROPEAN SETTLERS ARRIVED
HERE THEY BROUGHT SMALLPOX,
428
00:27:18,671 --> 00:27:21,572
WHICH NEARLY WIPED OUT
THE CONGAREE.
429
00:27:21,574 --> 00:27:23,574
THE FEW MEMBERS OF THE TRIBE
THAT REMAINED
430
00:27:23,576 --> 00:27:28,112
WERE EITHER IMPRISONED OR KILLED
BY THE COLONISTS.
431
00:27:28,114 --> 00:27:30,848
THERE ARE NO CONGAREE
LEFT TODAY,
432
00:27:30,850 --> 00:27:33,283
BUT THIS VAST STRETCH OF
THEIR ANCIENT LAND
433
00:27:33,285 --> 00:27:37,254
REMAINS PRACTICALLY UNTOUCHED.
434
00:27:37,256 --> 00:27:41,058
THE CONGAREE NATIONAL PARK
COVERS 27,000 ACRES
435
00:27:41,060 --> 00:27:44,161
AND IS HOME TO NEARLY
100 SPECIES OF TREES
436
00:27:44,163 --> 00:27:48,866
AND A CANOPY THAT RISES HIGHER
THAN THE AMAZON RAINFOREST.
437
00:27:52,637 --> 00:27:57,608
THE DAMPNESS HERE IS ALSO
WHAT'S PROTECTED IT FROM PEOPLE.
438
00:27:57,610 --> 00:27:59,276
IN THE EARLY 20th CENTURY,
439
00:27:59,278 --> 00:28:03,547
A SINGLE LOGGING COMPANY
BOUGHT UP NEARLY ALL THIS LAND.
440
00:28:03,549 --> 00:28:07,818
BUT THE TREES WERE SO WET THEY
WOULDN'T EVEN FLOAT DOWNRIVER,
441
00:28:07,820 --> 00:28:10,988
AND THE COMPANY QUICKLY
ABANDONED THEIR OPERATIONS HERE,
442
00:28:10,990 --> 00:28:16,827
LEAVING THE CONGAREE'S
FLOODPLAIN FORESTS INTACT.
443
00:28:16,829 --> 00:28:20,831
20 MILES TO THE NORTHWEST
THE FLOODPLAIN ENDS...
444
00:28:20,833 --> 00:28:25,869
JUST BEFORE REACHING COLUMBIA,
THE CAPITAL OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
445
00:28:27,839 --> 00:28:30,607
AT THE CENTER OF TOWN LIES ONE
OF THE MOST NOTABLE BUILDINGS
446
00:28:30,609 --> 00:28:35,412
IN THE COUNTRY--
THE SOUTH CAROLINA STATE HOUSE.
447
00:28:35,414 --> 00:28:38,282
ITS MOST UNIQUE FEATURE
IS ITS DOME
448
00:28:38,284 --> 00:28:43,053
COVERED WITH
44,000 POUNDS OF COPPER.
449
00:28:43,055 --> 00:28:44,755
BUT WHAT'S EVEN MORE REMARKABLE
450
00:28:44,757 --> 00:28:49,660
IS THAT THIS STATE HOUSE
IS EVEN STANDING.
451
00:28:49,662 --> 00:28:53,897
CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW
STATE HOUSE BEGAN IN 1851,
452
00:28:53,899 --> 00:28:56,200
BUT THE FIRST STRUCTURE
HAD TO BE TORN DOWN
453
00:28:56,202 --> 00:29:00,504
BECAUSE OF MAJOR
STRUCTURAL FLAWS.
454
00:29:00,506 --> 00:29:03,874
MAJOR JOHN NIERNSEE,
A VIENNA-BORN RAILWAY ENGINEER
455
00:29:03,876 --> 00:29:05,843
TOOK OVER THE PROJECT.
456
00:29:05,845 --> 00:29:09,480
BUT HIS STRUCTURE
WAS THREATENED BY WAR.
457
00:29:09,482 --> 00:29:14,284
ON FEBRUARY 17, 1865,
GENERAL WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN
458
00:29:14,286 --> 00:29:18,188
AND HIS UNION TROOPS
SWEPT INTO COLUMBIA.
459
00:29:18,190 --> 00:29:21,058
FUELED BY ABANDONED BARRELS
OF CONFEDERATE WHISKEY,
460
00:29:21,060 --> 00:29:26,029
THE DISORDERLY SOLDIERS PILLAGED
AND SET FIRE TO THE CITY.
461
00:29:26,031 --> 00:29:31,135
A TOTAL OF 84 BLOCKS
BURNED IN A SINGLE NIGHT.
462
00:29:31,137 --> 00:29:34,972
INCREDIBLY, THE NEW STATE HOUSE,
ALREADY UNDER CONSTRUCTION,
463
00:29:34,974 --> 00:29:37,641
SURVIVED THE ATTACK.
464
00:29:37,643 --> 00:29:38,909
BUT THE FIRES DID DESTROY
465
00:29:38,911 --> 00:29:42,146
ALL THE BUILDING'S
ARCHITECTURAL PLANS.
466
00:29:42,148 --> 00:29:45,015
AND WITH THE STATE'S COFFERS
EMPTY AFTER THE CIVIL WAR,
467
00:29:45,017 --> 00:29:50,521
THE BUILDING WASN'T COMPLETED
UNTIL 1903.
468
00:29:50,523 --> 00:29:55,325
ITS CORINTHIAN COLUMNS ARE AMONG
THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD.
469
00:29:55,327 --> 00:29:59,329
EACH IS CARVED FROM A SINGLE
MASSIVE HUNK OF BLUE GRANITE
470
00:29:59,331 --> 00:30:03,467
THAT SLAVES PULLED FROM A QUARRY
JUST SOUTH OF THE CITY.
471
00:30:06,337 --> 00:30:08,138
FOR NEARLY FOUR DECADES,
472
00:30:08,140 --> 00:30:11,875
THE CONFEDERATE FLAG FLEW ATOP
THE STATE HOUSE DOME.
473
00:30:11,877 --> 00:30:14,912
IT WAS RAISED IN 1962
TO MARK THE SACRIFICES
474
00:30:14,914 --> 00:30:19,149
OF WHITE SOUTH CAROLINIANS
IN THE CIVIL WAR.
475
00:30:19,151 --> 00:30:22,219
BUT MANY SAW IT AS A SYMBOL
OF THE STATE'S REBELLION
476
00:30:22,221 --> 00:30:25,222
TO THE GROWING
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.
477
00:30:25,224 --> 00:30:28,058
IN 2000,
NEARLY 50,000 PROTESTERS
478
00:30:28,060 --> 00:30:30,527
MARCHED UP MAIN STREET
TO THE STATE HOUSE STEPS
479
00:30:30,529 --> 00:30:34,431
AND DEMANDED THAT
THE FLAG BE LOWERED.
480
00:30:34,433 --> 00:30:37,000
LATER THAT YEAR
IT WAS FINALLY REMOVED
481
00:30:37,002 --> 00:30:39,436
MAKING SOUTH CAROLINA
THE LAST STATE
482
00:30:39,438 --> 00:30:43,540
TO OFFICIALLY FLY
THE CONFEDERATE FLAG.
483
00:30:43,542 --> 00:30:44,908
BUT THE CONFEDERATE SPIRIT
484
00:30:44,910 --> 00:30:48,512
STILL COOKS UP CONTROVERSY
IN COLUMBIA.
485
00:30:48,514 --> 00:30:50,848
THE SAME DAY THAT
THE REBEL FLAG WAS REMOVED
486
00:30:50,850 --> 00:30:54,718
FROM THE STATE HOUSE, THE OWNER
OF A POPULAR BARBECUE CHAIN
487
00:30:54,720 --> 00:31:00,057
RAISED CONFEDERATE FLAGS OVER
HIS NINE LOCAL RESTAURANTS.
488
00:31:00,059 --> 00:31:04,027
BARBECUE IS ALWAYS A CONTENTIOUS
SUBJECT IN THE CAROLINAS.
489
00:31:04,029 --> 00:31:06,730
THE QUESTION OF MUSTARD VERSUS
TOMATO-BASED SAUCES
490
00:31:06,732 --> 00:31:09,533
HAS BEEN KNOWN TO START DUELS.
491
00:31:09,535 --> 00:31:13,170
BUT THE BATTLE WAGED BY THE
OWNER OF MAURICE'S PIGGIE PARK
492
00:31:13,172 --> 00:31:14,872
IS A RACIAL ONE.
493
00:31:14,874 --> 00:31:17,975
MAURICE OPENLY DEFENDS
THE FORMER PRACTICE OF SLAVERY
494
00:31:17,977 --> 00:31:19,610
IN THE STATE.
495
00:31:19,612 --> 00:31:22,913
IN PROTEST, MAJOR STORE CHAINS
THROUGHOUT THE SOUTH
496
00:31:22,915 --> 00:31:25,349
HAVE PULLED ALL THE COMPANY'S
BARBECUE PRODUCTS
497
00:31:25,351 --> 00:31:27,017
FROM THEIR SHELVES.
498
00:31:29,254 --> 00:31:33,757
HEADING NORTH LIES
SOUTH CAROLINA'S BACKCOUNTRY.
499
00:31:33,759 --> 00:31:36,927
THESE FORESTS WERE ONCE HOME
TO THE CHEROKEE TRAIL,
500
00:31:36,929 --> 00:31:40,030
A KEY NATIVE AMERICAN
TRADE ROUTE THAT ONCE STRETCHED
501
00:31:40,032 --> 00:31:44,534
FROM CHARLESTON
ALL THE WAY TO TENNESSEE.
502
00:31:44,536 --> 00:31:48,138
EUROPEAN SETTLERS USED
THE TRAIL TO EXPAND WEST
503
00:31:48,140 --> 00:31:52,876
AND TRADE THEIR WEAPONS, RUM,
AND GUNPOWDER FOR PELTS.
504
00:31:52,878 --> 00:31:58,248
IN 1748 ALONE, THE SKINS OF
160,000 DEER WERE EXPORTED
505
00:31:58,250 --> 00:32:03,887
FROM SOUTH CAROLINA TO EUROPE
TO MAKE PANTS, GLOVES, AND HATS.
506
00:32:03,889 --> 00:32:06,924
DEERSKIN WAS SOUTH CAROLINA'S
BIGGEST COMMODITY
507
00:32:06,926 --> 00:32:10,861
UNTIL THE ARRIVAL
OF RICE CULTIVATION.
508
00:32:10,863 --> 00:32:15,232
BY 1775, A SETTLEMENT WITH
12 DWELLINGS AND A COURTHOUSE
509
00:32:15,234 --> 00:32:19,503
WAS ESTABLISHED ON THE CHEROKEE
TRAIL NEAR A PLENTIFUL SPRING.
510
00:32:19,505 --> 00:32:23,040
IT WAS NAMED 96,
FROM THE MISTAKEN BELIEF
511
00:32:23,042 --> 00:32:28,378
THAT IT LAY 96 MILES AWAY FROM
THE CHEROKEE CAPITAL, KEOWEE.
512
00:32:28,380 --> 00:32:30,547
THE VILLAGE HAS SINCE
BEEN RECONSTRUCTED
513
00:32:30,549 --> 00:32:36,019
ALONG WITH A STOCKADE FORT BUILT
IN 1781 TO PROTECT THE SPRING.
514
00:32:40,024 --> 00:32:44,294
NEARBY, AN ODD FORM APPEARS
ON THE GROUND BELOW.
515
00:32:44,296 --> 00:32:48,131
POINTS OF A STAR PUSHING UP
FROM THE EARTH.
516
00:32:48,133 --> 00:32:51,802
THESE ARE THE REMAINS
OF STAR FORT.
517
00:32:51,804 --> 00:32:54,871
BRITISH LOYALISTS
BUILT THE FORT HERE IN 1780
518
00:32:54,873 --> 00:33:00,610
WITH SLAVE LABOR TO DEFEND
THEMSELVES AGAINST REBEL FORCES.
519
00:33:00,612 --> 00:33:02,646
THE FORT WAS DESIGNED
WITH EIGHT POINTS
520
00:33:02,648 --> 00:33:04,881
TO HELP THE LOYALISTS
BETTER SEE THEIR ENEMY
521
00:33:04,883 --> 00:33:06,650
AND FEND OFF THE ATTACK.
522
00:33:09,620 --> 00:33:14,324
IN 1781, 1,000 PATRIOTS
ATTACKED THE FORT.
523
00:33:14,326 --> 00:33:16,660
THE ENSUING BATTLE
BECAME THE LONGEST SIEGE
524
00:33:16,662 --> 00:33:20,597
OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
525
00:33:20,599 --> 00:33:23,400
INSIDE THE FORT
LIE THE REMAINS OF A WELL
526
00:33:23,402 --> 00:33:26,236
THAT BRITISH FORCES DUG
HOPING TO SUSTAIN THEMSELVES
527
00:33:26,238 --> 00:33:28,538
THROUGHOUT THE LONG SIEGE...
528
00:33:28,540 --> 00:33:30,941
BUT THEY NEVER REACHED WATER.
529
00:33:35,146 --> 00:33:38,081
HEADING TOWARDS THE NORTHWEST
BOUNDARY OF THE STATE,
530
00:33:38,083 --> 00:33:41,685
THE BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAINS BECKON.
531
00:33:41,687 --> 00:33:43,954
THIS USED TO BE
CHEROKEE COUNTRY.
532
00:33:46,791 --> 00:33:49,726
A LEGEND OF THE TRIBE
SAYS THAT A GIANT SPIRIT
533
00:33:49,728 --> 00:33:51,495
USED TO SIT ON ONE
OF THESE MOUNTAINS
534
00:33:51,497 --> 00:33:54,598
AND EAT FROM THE TOP OF ANOTHER.
535
00:33:57,702 --> 00:33:59,603
TABLE ROCK, AS IT'S CALLED,
536
00:33:59,605 --> 00:34:02,372
IS LOCATED IN
TABLE ROCK STATE PARK--
537
00:34:02,374 --> 00:34:07,010
A PROTECTED WILDERNESS THAT
COVERS MORE THAN 3,000 ACRES.
538
00:34:09,080 --> 00:34:12,649
IT'S ALSO HOME TO
PINNACLE MOUNTAIN.
539
00:34:12,651 --> 00:34:14,818
AT MORE THAN 3,400 FEET,
540
00:34:14,820 --> 00:34:16,853
IT'S THE HIGHEST PEAK
THAT'S ENTIRELY WITHIN
541
00:34:16,855 --> 00:34:19,423
THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
542
00:34:25,963 --> 00:34:29,399
EAST OF THE BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAINS
LIES GAFFNEY.
543
00:34:29,401 --> 00:34:31,968
IT WAS ONCE A THRIVING
TEXTILE MILL CENTER.
544
00:34:31,970 --> 00:34:36,573
TODAY IT'S A SLEEPY TOWN,
BUT ONE WITH ENORMOUS PRIDE.
545
00:34:36,575 --> 00:34:40,444
ENOUGH TO ERECT A FOUR-STORY,
ONE MILLION GALLON WATER TANK
546
00:34:40,446 --> 00:34:42,779
TO CELEBRATE IT.
547
00:34:42,781 --> 00:34:46,183
LOCALS CALL IT THE PEACHOID.
548
00:34:46,185 --> 00:34:48,251
PEACHES WERE ORIGINALLY
BROUGHT TO AMERICA
549
00:34:48,253 --> 00:34:51,855
BY SPANISH EXPLORERS
IN THE 1500s.
550
00:34:51,857 --> 00:34:55,092
AND WHEN ENGLISH COLONISTS
ARRIVED 100 YEARS LATER,
551
00:34:55,094 --> 00:34:58,161
THEY FOUND NATIVE AMERICANS
CULTIVATING THE FRUIT...
552
00:34:58,163 --> 00:34:59,696
LEAVING THE SETTLERS TO BELIEVE
553
00:34:59,698 --> 00:35:04,468
THAT PEACHES WERE ACTUALLY
NATIVE TO SOUTH CAROLINA.
554
00:35:04,470 --> 00:35:08,405
BUILT IN 1981, THE WATER TOWER
WAS DESIGNED AS A GIANT PEACH
555
00:35:08,407 --> 00:35:09,773
TO LET THE WORLD KNOW
556
00:35:09,775 --> 00:35:12,442
THAT SOUTH CAROLINA
PRODUCES MORE PEACHES
557
00:35:12,444 --> 00:35:17,280
THAN THE SO-CALLED
PEACH STATE, GEORGIA.
558
00:35:17,282 --> 00:35:20,917
IN FACT, SOUTH CAROLINA
NOW OFFICIALLY CALLS ITSELF
559
00:35:20,919 --> 00:35:23,620
"THE TASTIER PEACH STATE."
560
00:35:27,658 --> 00:35:30,894
ANOTHER SMALL
UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA TOWN
561
00:35:30,896 --> 00:35:34,598
IS HOME TO A UNIQUE
AMERICAN SUCCESS STORY.
562
00:35:34,600 --> 00:35:38,802
AS IN GAFFNEY, TEXTILE MILLS
THRIVED IN THE TOWN OF GREER.
563
00:35:38,804 --> 00:35:40,337
BUT BY THE 1970s,
564
00:35:40,339 --> 00:35:44,674
COMPETITION FROM ASIA SENT
THE REGION INTO DECLINE.
565
00:35:44,676 --> 00:35:49,846
THEN, IN THE EARLY 1990s, BMW
OPENED ITS FIRST AND ONLY PLANT
566
00:35:49,848 --> 00:35:55,452
IN THE UNITED STATES, RIGHT HERE
IN THE SMALL TOWN OF GREER.
567
00:35:55,454 --> 00:35:58,688
THIS STATE-OF-THE-ART FACTORY
COVERS FOUR MILLION SQUARE FEET,
568
00:35:58,690 --> 00:36:02,659
AN AREA THE SIZE OF
NEARLY 70 FOOTBALL FIELDS.
569
00:36:02,661 --> 00:36:08,398
INSIDE, 7,000 WORKERS PRODUCE
ABOUT 600 VEHICLES EVERY DAY--
570
00:36:08,400 --> 00:36:12,269
ONE OUT OF EVERY SIX THAT
THE COMPANY MAKES.
571
00:36:12,271 --> 00:36:14,437
AFTER THEY ROLL OFF
THE ASSEMBLY LINE,
572
00:36:14,439 --> 00:36:17,140
THESE LUXURY CARS ARE
SHIPPED ACROSS THE U.S.
573
00:36:17,142 --> 00:36:22,946
AND FROM THE PORT OF CHARLESTON
INTO 130 MARKETS WORLDWIDE.
574
00:36:22,948 --> 00:36:25,549
TODAY, MANY CALL
THE REGION AROUND GREER
575
00:36:25,551 --> 00:36:28,018
THE DETROIT OF THE SOUTH.
576
00:36:32,657 --> 00:36:36,026
TRAVELING SOUTH OF GREER
IS A TRIP BACK IN TIME
577
00:36:36,028 --> 00:36:37,427
TO A PLACE WHERE PIONEERS
578
00:36:37,429 --> 00:36:40,897
SETTLED THEIR DIFFERENCES
WITH BLOOD.
579
00:36:40,899 --> 00:36:46,169
TODAY, EDGEFIELD IS BY ALL
APPEARANCES PEACEFUL AND QUAINT.
580
00:36:46,171 --> 00:36:47,837
BUT IN THE EARLY 19th CENTURY,
581
00:36:47,839 --> 00:36:49,806
THIS TOWN AND
THE SURROUNDING COUNTY
582
00:36:49,808 --> 00:36:53,310
HAD ONE OF THE HIGHEST
MURDER RATES IN THE COUNTRY.
583
00:36:53,312 --> 00:36:55,745
LOCAL LEGEND SAYS THAT
BLOOD HAS BEEN SPILLED
584
00:36:55,747 --> 00:36:59,015
OVER EVERY SQUARE FOOT
OF THIS TOWN CENTER.
585
00:36:59,017 --> 00:37:01,484
ACCUSED CRIMINALS
WERE TRIED HERE
586
00:37:01,486 --> 00:37:03,653
AT THE EDGEFIELD COURTHOUSE.
587
00:37:03,655 --> 00:37:06,056
ONE OF THE MOST COLORFUL TRIALS
OF THE DAY
588
00:37:06,058 --> 00:37:09,659
WAS THAT OF A YOUNG BEAUTY
NAMED BECKY COTTON.
589
00:37:09,661 --> 00:37:13,163
SHE HAD MURDERED HER FIRST
HUSBAND WITH A LARGE NEEDLE,
590
00:37:13,165 --> 00:37:14,864
POISONED HER SECOND,
591
00:37:14,866 --> 00:37:17,701
AND PUT AN AXE THROUGH THE SKULL
OF HER THIRD.
592
00:37:17,703 --> 00:37:22,172
BUT SURPRISINGLY, SHE WAS
ACQUITTED ON ALL CHARGES.
593
00:37:22,174 --> 00:37:25,475
SOME SAY SHE USED HER BEAUTY
TO WIN OVER THE JURY...
594
00:37:25,477 --> 00:37:27,611
AND PERHAPS THEY'RE RIGHT--
595
00:37:27,613 --> 00:37:30,780
BECKY COTTON WENT ON TO MARRY
ONE OF THE JURYMEN.
596
00:37:30,782 --> 00:37:32,449
BUT BEFORE SHE COULD KILL HIM
597
00:37:32,451 --> 00:37:34,985
HER OWN BROTHER
MURDERED HER FIRST...
598
00:37:34,987 --> 00:37:38,888
AND HE DID IT RIGHT ON
THE EDGEFIELD COURTHOUSE STEPS.
599
00:37:43,261 --> 00:37:45,595
TODAY, EDGEFIELD COUNTY
IS BETTER REMEMBERED
600
00:37:45,597 --> 00:37:48,798
AS THE BIRTHPLACE OF TEN
SOUTH CAROLINA GOVERNORS,
601
00:37:48,800 --> 00:37:52,435
FIVE LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS,
AND A NUMBER OF STATE SENATORS,
602
00:37:52,437 --> 00:37:54,504
INCLUDING THE OLDEST
AND LONGEST ONE
603
00:37:54,506 --> 00:37:58,275
TO SERVE IN THE STATE'S HISTORY:
STROM THURMOND.
604
00:37:58,277 --> 00:38:00,877
WEST OF EDGEFIELD,
THESE PEACEFUL WATERS
605
00:38:00,879 --> 00:38:03,680
HAVE BEEN NAMED
IN THURMOND'S HONOR.
606
00:38:03,682 --> 00:38:07,384
STROM THURMOND LAKE
COVERS 71,000 ACRES
607
00:38:07,386 --> 00:38:11,321
AND IS SURROUNDED BY
A 1,200-MILE SHORELINE.
608
00:38:11,323 --> 00:38:15,125
IT'S ONE OF THE LARGEST INLAND
BODIES OF WATER IN THE SOUTH.
609
00:38:15,127 --> 00:38:17,160
AND WHILE IT MAY NOT
LOOK LIKE IT,
610
00:38:17,162 --> 00:38:20,297
THE LAKE IS ENTIRELY MANMADE.
611
00:38:22,800 --> 00:38:25,201
IT WAS CREATED WHEN
THE U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
612
00:38:25,203 --> 00:38:28,438
BUILT THE STROM THURMOND DAM ON
THE SAVANNAH RIVER
613
00:38:28,440 --> 00:38:31,908
IN ORDER TO STOP FLOODING
IN COMMUNITIES DOWNSTREAM
614
00:38:31,910 --> 00:38:34,611
AND TO PROVIDE POWER
FOR THE STATE.
615
00:38:40,651 --> 00:38:43,653
THE SAVANNAH RIVER
STRETCHES OVER 300 MILES--
616
00:38:43,655 --> 00:38:45,889
FROM THE FOOTHILLS OF
THE BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAINS
617
00:38:45,891 --> 00:38:48,758
ALL THE WAY TO THE ATLANTIC.
618
00:38:48,760 --> 00:38:53,763
THE RIVER DIVIDES SOUTH CAROLINA
FROM GEORGIA TO THE SOUTH.
619
00:38:53,765 --> 00:38:57,467
LYING IN THE MIDST OF THIS
SEEMINGLY PRISTINE WILDERNESS
620
00:38:57,469 --> 00:39:01,104
IS A VAST, ONCE TOP SECRET
INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
621
00:39:01,106 --> 00:39:03,807
THAT COVERS 300 SQUARE MILES.
622
00:39:05,776 --> 00:39:07,510
THE SAVANNAH RIVER SITE
WAS BUILT
623
00:39:07,512 --> 00:39:11,881
BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
IN THE 1950s.
624
00:39:11,883 --> 00:39:16,252
FOR DECADES, UP TO FIVE GIANT
REACTORS PRODUCED 40%
625
00:39:16,254 --> 00:39:20,457
OF THE PLUTONIUM USED TO BUILD
THE NATION'S NUCLEAR WEAPONS.
626
00:39:22,226 --> 00:39:25,261
TODAY THE REACTORS AND THE
SITE'S OTHER PROCESSING PLANTS
627
00:39:25,263 --> 00:39:26,896
HAVE BEEN SHUT DOWN.
628
00:39:26,898 --> 00:39:31,501
THEY WERE TOO OLD TO OPERATE
WITHOUT EXPENSIVE REPAIRS.
629
00:39:31,503 --> 00:39:33,503
AND THE SITE IS NOW CONTAMINATED
630
00:39:33,505 --> 00:39:37,340
WITH TENS OF MILLIONS OF GALLONS
OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE.
631
00:39:37,342 --> 00:39:42,545
THE PLAN IS TO ENTOMB THE OLD
REACTORS AND SEAL OFF THE WASTE.
632
00:39:42,547 --> 00:39:45,648
BUT THAT'S EXPECTED TO TAKE
A VAST AMOUNT OF CEMENT--
633
00:39:45,650 --> 00:39:50,487
ENOUGH TO FILL FOUR HOME DEPOT
STORES RIGHT UP TO THEIR ROOFS.
634
00:39:58,062 --> 00:40:01,364
60 MILES UP THE COAST FROM
THE MOUTH OF THE SAVANNAH
635
00:40:01,366 --> 00:40:03,433
IS SOUTH CAROLINA'S
WADMALAW ISLAND,
636
00:40:03,435 --> 00:40:07,270
HOME TO A UNIQUE
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT.
637
00:40:07,272 --> 00:40:08,805
IN THE LATE 19th CENTURY,
638
00:40:08,807 --> 00:40:10,507
THE AMERICAN DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURE
639
00:40:10,509 --> 00:40:13,943
WAS SEARCHING FOR NEW
FINANCIALLY VIABLE CROPS.
640
00:40:13,945 --> 00:40:20,083
UNTIL THEN, ALMOST ALL OF
AMERICA'S TEA CAME FROM ASIA.
641
00:40:20,085 --> 00:40:23,153
THEY DISCOVERED THAT
SOUTH CAROLINA'S HUMID CLIMATE
642
00:40:23,155 --> 00:40:28,458
AND SANDY SOIL COULD BE PERFECT
FOR GROWING HIGH QUALITY TEA.
643
00:40:28,460 --> 00:40:32,095
BUT THE LABOR COST OF PICKING
THE TEA LEAVES IN SOUTH CAROLINA
644
00:40:32,097 --> 00:40:36,366
WAS EIGHT TIMES MORE EXPENSIVE
THAN IT WAS IN CHINA OR INDIA,
645
00:40:36,368 --> 00:40:40,970
AND AFTER JUST FOUR YEARS
THE VENTURE WAS SHUT DOWN.
646
00:40:40,972 --> 00:40:45,742
HOWEVER, ANOTHER TEA PLANTATION
WAS FOUNDED NEARBY IN 1888,
647
00:40:45,744 --> 00:40:51,281
PRODUCING AWARD-WINNING TEAS
UNTIL ITS OWNER'S DEATH IN 1915.
648
00:40:51,283 --> 00:40:54,884
THEN, THE TEA PLANTS GREW WILD
UNTIL THEY WERE TRANSPLANTED
649
00:40:54,886 --> 00:40:59,823
AND CULTIVATED BY
THE LIPTON TEA COMPANY IN 1963.
650
00:40:59,825 --> 00:41:02,158
FEARING THE INSTABILITY OF
THE THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES
651
00:41:02,160 --> 00:41:05,595
THAT PRODUCED SO MUCH OF ITS
TEA, LIPTON WANTED TO EXPERIMENT
652
00:41:05,597 --> 00:41:08,765
WITH CREATING ITS OWN
WORKING TEA FARM.
653
00:41:08,767 --> 00:41:10,767
THE COMPANY EVENTUALLY
SOLD THE VENTURE,
654
00:41:10,769 --> 00:41:13,970
BUT TODAY THE TEA PLANTATION
REMAINS IN OPERATION
655
00:41:13,972 --> 00:41:17,407
AS THE COUNTRY'S ONLY
COMMERCIAL TEA GARDEN.
656
00:41:17,409 --> 00:41:20,210
THE AMERICAN CLASSIC BRAND
OF TEA THAT IT PRODUCES
657
00:41:20,212 --> 00:41:23,246
IS THE OFFICIAL TEA
OF THE WHITE HOUSE.
658
00:41:26,717 --> 00:41:29,619
SOUTHWEST IS ANOTHER
BARRIER ISLAND
659
00:41:29,621 --> 00:41:34,424
THAT ONCE PRODUCED
THE FINEST COTTON IN THE WORLD.
660
00:41:34,426 --> 00:41:38,127
HILTON HEAD ISLAND COVERS
MORE THAN 40 SQUARE MILES,
661
00:41:38,129 --> 00:41:42,031
AND IS ONE OF THE LARGEST
BARRIER ISLANDS ON THE COAST.
662
00:41:42,033 --> 00:41:44,534
IT'S HAD MANY INHABITANTS
OVER THE CENTURIES,
663
00:41:44,536 --> 00:41:48,571
INCLUDING NATIVE AMERICANS
AND SPANISH EXPLORERS.
664
00:41:48,573 --> 00:41:50,406
BUT IT WASN'T UNTIL
THE BRITISH COTTON PLANTERS
665
00:41:50,408 --> 00:41:52,709
ARRIVED HERE AROUND 1800
666
00:41:52,711 --> 00:41:58,548
THAT THE ISLAND DEVELOPED INTO
AN ECONOMIC POWERHOUSE.
667
00:41:58,550 --> 00:42:00,984
MORE THAN 20 PLANTATIONS
HAD SPRUNG UP,
668
00:42:00,986 --> 00:42:02,619
INCLUDING THE FIRST IN AMERICA
669
00:42:02,621 --> 00:42:05,221
TO GROW EXTRA-LONG
STAPLE COTTON,
670
00:42:05,223 --> 00:42:08,758
BETTER KNOWN AS EGYPTIAN COTTON.
671
00:42:08,760 --> 00:42:11,027
COTTON MAY NO LONGER
BE KING HERE,
672
00:42:11,029 --> 00:42:14,797
BUT THE ISLAND IS STILL
AN ECONOMIC POWERHOUSE.
673
00:42:14,799 --> 00:42:19,302
EVERY YEAR, TOURISTS PUMP
ROUGHLY 1.5 BILLION DOLLARS
674
00:42:19,304 --> 00:42:21,838
INTO HILTON HEAD'S ECONOMY.
675
00:42:26,043 --> 00:42:27,510
JUST NORTH OF HILTON HEAD
676
00:42:27,512 --> 00:42:31,848
LIES ONE OF THE TOUGHEST
PLACES ON EARTH.
677
00:42:31,850 --> 00:42:34,684
PARRIS ISLAND HAD BEEN HOME TO
THE U.S. MARINE CORPS
678
00:42:34,686 --> 00:42:36,486
SINCE 1891.
679
00:42:38,556 --> 00:42:41,658
IT'S HERE WHERE NEWLY ENLISTED
RECRUITS ARE TURNED INTO MARINES
680
00:42:41,660 --> 00:42:44,527
IN JUST 13 WEEKS.
681
00:42:44,529 --> 00:42:46,996
TODAY, DRILL INSTRUCTORS
TRAIN AN ESTIMATED
682
00:42:46,998 --> 00:42:52,035
19,000 MEN AND WOMEN
AT PARRIS ISLAND EACH YEAR.
683
00:42:52,037 --> 00:42:54,637
THE HUMORIST ART BUCHWALD,
A FORMER MARINE
684
00:42:54,639 --> 00:42:56,539
WHO GOT HIS TRAINING
AT PARRIS ISLAND,
685
00:42:56,541 --> 00:43:00,677
DESCRIBED HIS EXPERIENCE THERE
AS, "A VERY PAINFUL ONE,
686
00:43:00,679 --> 00:43:04,681
WHICH IS EXACTLY HOW THE MARINES
INTENDED IT TO BE."
687
00:43:04,683 --> 00:43:06,849
ITS PURPOSE HE SAID
WAS TO "BREAK YOU DOWN,
688
00:43:06,851 --> 00:43:09,118
AND THEN REBUILD YOU
INTO A SOLDIER
689
00:43:09,120 --> 00:43:10,687
WHO WILL NEVER
QUESTION AN ORDER,
690
00:43:10,689 --> 00:43:12,622
WHO WILL ALWAYS WORRY
ABOUT THEIR BUDDY,
691
00:43:12,624 --> 00:43:16,893
AND WHO SOMEDAY WILL WALK
AS TALL AS JOHN WAYNE."
692
00:43:23,567 --> 00:43:26,369
IN MARCH 1971, JOE FRAZIER
693
00:43:26,371 --> 00:43:28,671
BECAME A HOUSEHOLD NAME
AROUND THE WORLD
694
00:43:28,673 --> 00:43:31,140
WHEN HE KNOCKED DOWN
MUHAMMAD ALI IN ROUND 15
695
00:43:31,142 --> 00:43:34,010
AT MADISON SQUARE GARDEN.
696
00:43:34,012 --> 00:43:36,512
FRAZIER WAS BORN HERE
IN BEAUFORT,
697
00:43:36,514 --> 00:43:39,749
SOUTH CAROLINA'S
SECOND OLDEST TOWN.
698
00:43:39,751 --> 00:43:41,718
ITS QUAINT,
HISTORIC STREETS AND HOUSES
699
00:43:41,720 --> 00:43:44,787
HAVE MADE THIS TOWN
AN IDEAL MOVIE SET.
700
00:43:44,789 --> 00:43:47,223
FILMS LIKE
FORREST GUMP, THE BIG CHILL,
701
00:43:47,225 --> 00:43:50,159
AND PRINCE OF TIDES
WERE ALL SHOT HERE.
702
00:43:50,161 --> 00:43:52,595
CELEBRITIES OFTEN STAY
AT THE RHETT HOUSE INN
703
00:43:52,597 --> 00:43:53,930
ON CRAVEN STREET,
704
00:43:53,932 --> 00:43:59,836
A CLASSIC 1820 PLANTATION HOUSE
TURNED LUXURY HOTEL.
705
00:43:59,838 --> 00:44:01,337
DURING THE CIVIL WAR,
706
00:44:01,339 --> 00:44:05,508
BEAUFORT WAS MORE FORTUNATE THAN
MANY OF ITS NEIGHBORING TOWNS.
707
00:44:05,510 --> 00:44:06,676
WHEREVER THEY WENT,
708
00:44:06,678 --> 00:44:10,713
NORTHERN TROOPS LEFT
A PATH OF DESTRUCTION.
709
00:44:10,715 --> 00:44:12,582
BUT THE ARMY SPARED BEAUFORT,
710
00:44:12,584 --> 00:44:15,752
USING IT INSTEAD AS
A UNION HEADQUARTERS.
711
00:44:15,754 --> 00:44:19,656
AS A RESULT, MANY OF THE CITY'S
HISTORIC ANTEBELLUM BUILDINGS
712
00:44:19,658 --> 00:44:21,391
HAVE BEEN PRESERVED.
713
00:44:23,894 --> 00:44:29,232
FROM ITS BARRIER ISLANDS,
ALONG ITS PRISTINE BEACHES,
714
00:44:29,234 --> 00:44:34,971
AND INLAND ACROSS ITS GIANT
FLOODPLAIN FOREST,
715
00:44:34,973 --> 00:44:39,042
SOUTH CAROLINA IS AS MUCH
DEFINED BY ITS WILD SPACES
716
00:44:39,044 --> 00:44:43,579
AS IT IS BY THE HISTORY
WOVEN INTO ITS EARTH.
717
00:44:43,581 --> 00:44:47,650
TO SEE SOUTH CAROLINA BY AIR
IS A CHANCE TO EXPLORE
718
00:44:47,652 --> 00:44:50,053
THE TRUE SPIRIT OF THE SOUTH.
719
00:44:50,055 --> 00:44:52,922
FROM THE ELEGANT STREETS
OF CHARLESTON,
720
00:44:52,924 --> 00:44:57,093
TO THE ROUGH FRONTIER VILLAGES
OF EARLY PIONEERS,
721
00:44:57,095 --> 00:44:58,828
TO THE GIANT PLANTATIONS
722
00:44:58,830 --> 00:45:02,031
THAT BUILT SOME OF
AMERICA'S BIGGEST FORTUNES,
723
00:45:02,033 --> 00:45:05,168
AND THE STORIES OF THOSE
WHO WERE BROUGHT UNWILLINGLY
724
00:45:05,170 --> 00:45:06,903
TO ITS SHORES...
725
00:45:06,905 --> 00:45:09,372
AERIAL SOUTH CAROLINA
TRAVELS ACROSS
726
00:45:09,374 --> 00:45:12,141
AMERICA'S SMALLEST
SOUTHERN STATE
727
00:45:12,143 --> 00:45:16,646
WHOSE STORIES ARE AS BIG
AS THE NATION ITSELF.
56174
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