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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 57 00:04:46,086 --> 00:04:49,021 AND MANY OF ITS RESIDENTS, HAVE BEEN JUST AS COLORFUL 58 00:04:49,023 --> 00:04:50,889 AS ITS STREETS. 59 00:04:55,728 --> 00:04:58,163 CHARLESTON'S LOCATION, SURROUNDED BY WATER 60 00:04:58,165 --> 00:05:01,066 AT THE MOUTHS OF THE ASHLEY AND COOPER RIVERS, 61 00:05:01,068 --> 00:05:04,102 MADE THE CITY AND ITS PORT PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE 62 00:05:08,141 --> 00:05:11,643 IN THE EARLY 1700s, THE INFAMOUS BLACKBEARD 63 00:05:11,645 --> 00:05:14,146 PLUNDERED VESSELS ANCHORED IN CHARLESTON HARBOR, 64 00:05:14,148 --> 00:05:17,983 HOLDING THEIR CARGO AND PASSENGERS FOR RANSOM. 65 00:05:17,985 --> 00:05:20,952 BLACKBEARD ESCAPED CAPTURE IN SOUTH CAROLINA, 66 00:05:20,954 --> 00:05:24,723 BUT ANOTHER EQUALLY COLORFUL PIRATE NAMED STEDE BONNET 67 00:05:24,725 --> 00:05:26,858 WASN'T SO LUCKY. 68 00:05:26,860 --> 00:05:29,628 HE WAS BROUGHT TO JUSTICE HERE IN CHARLESTON'S BATTERY PARK 69 00:05:29,630 --> 00:05:31,630 OVERLOOKING THE HARBOR. 70 00:05:34,133 --> 00:05:37,002 STEDE WAS AN UNLIKELY BUCCANEER. 71 00:05:37,004 --> 00:05:43,508 SOME CALLED HIM THE GENTLEMAN PIRATE. 72 00:05:43,510 --> 00:05:45,844 BUT LEGEND SAYS THAT MARITAL PROBLEMS 73 00:05:45,846 --> 00:05:48,680 DROVE HIM TO A LIFE OF CRIME. 74 00:05:48,682 --> 00:05:52,250 HE BOUGHT AN OLD SLOOP, NAMED IT REVENGE, 75 00:05:52,252 --> 00:05:55,287 AND PLUNDERED VESSELS UP AND DOWN THE EAST COAST 76 00:05:55,289 --> 00:05:59,891 BEFORE HE WAS FINALLY CAPTURED IN THE CAROLINAS. 77 00:05:59,893 --> 00:06:03,695 ON DECEMBER 10, 1718, STEDE WAS BROUGHT HERE 78 00:06:03,697 --> 00:06:08,266 TO WHITE POINT GARDENS TO FACE THE GALLOWS. 79 00:06:08,268 --> 00:06:12,437 HIS BODY WAS LEFT HANGING FOR FOUR DAYS AS A WARNING TO OTHERS 80 00:06:12,439 --> 00:06:16,208 WHO MIGHT HAVE BEEN CONSIDERING A LIFE OF PIRACY. 81 00:06:19,946 --> 00:06:22,881 IN LATER YEARS, FORTS WERE BUILT TO PROTECT THE CITY 82 00:06:22,883 --> 00:06:27,519 FROM PIRATES AND THE UNION NAVY. 83 00:06:27,521 --> 00:06:29,321 STARTING IN THE 1841, 84 00:06:29,323 --> 00:06:32,791 70,000 TONS OF NEW ENGLAND GRANITE AND OTHER STONE 85 00:06:32,793 --> 00:06:36,061 WERE SUNK IN CHARLESTON HARBOR TO MAKE FORT SUMTER. 86 00:06:36,063 --> 00:06:38,630 IT WAS ONE OF A SERIES OF KEY FORTIFICATIONS 87 00:06:38,632 --> 00:06:41,733 ALONG THE EASTERN SEABOARD. 88 00:06:41,735 --> 00:06:44,903 LITTLE DID ANYONE KNOW, THE FIRST ATTACK ON THE FORT 89 00:06:44,905 --> 00:06:47,305 WOULD COME FROM CHARLESTON ITSELF. 90 00:06:49,175 --> 00:06:54,746 ON APRIL 12, 1861, CONFEDERATE FORCES STORMED FORT SUMTER 91 00:06:54,748 --> 00:06:57,983 AND FIRED THE FIRST SHOT OF THE CIVIL WAR-- 92 00:06:57,985 --> 00:07:02,354 OR AS IT'S CALLED IN THE SOUTH, THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES. 93 00:07:08,060 --> 00:07:11,596 GUARDING THE HARBOR TODAY IS THE U.S.S. YORKTOWN-- 94 00:07:11,598 --> 00:07:15,200 AMERICA'S OLDEST AIRCRAFT CARRIER. 95 00:07:15,202 --> 00:07:17,803 IT'S DOCKED HERE AT PATRIOTS POINT, 96 00:07:17,805 --> 00:07:22,507 ONE OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST NAVAL AND MARITIME MUSEUMS. 97 00:07:22,509 --> 00:07:24,543 COMMISSIONED IN 1943, 98 00:07:24,545 --> 00:07:27,279 AND NEARLY AS LONG AS THREE FOOTBALL FIELDS, 99 00:07:27,281 --> 00:07:32,517 THE YORKTOWN IS THE FOURTH U.S. NAVAL SHIP TO BEAR THAT NAME. 100 00:07:32,519 --> 00:07:35,320 THE PREVIOUS YORKTOWN WAS LOST AT THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY 101 00:07:35,322 --> 00:07:37,322 DURING WORLD WAR II. 102 00:07:39,659 --> 00:07:42,227 THIS ONE WAS RENAMED IN ITS HONOR AND TOOK PART 103 00:07:42,229 --> 00:07:45,096 IN SEVERAL IMPORTANT PACIFIC THEATER CAMPAIGNS, 104 00:07:45,098 --> 00:07:48,767 INCLUDING THE BATTLE OF IWO JIMA AND LATER IN VIETNAM, 105 00:07:48,769 --> 00:07:54,439 EARNING HER A TOTAL OF 16 BATTLE STARS. 106 00:07:54,441 --> 00:07:57,776 IN DECEMBER 1968, THE CARRIER MADE HISTORY 107 00:07:57,778 --> 00:07:59,578 WHEN SHE SERVED AS THE RECOVERY VESSEL 108 00:07:59,580 --> 00:08:02,681 FOR THE APOLLO 8 COMMAND MODULE AND HER ASTRONAUTS, 109 00:08:02,683 --> 00:08:04,282 WHO RETURNED TO EARTH AFTER COMPLETING 110 00:08:04,284 --> 00:08:07,552 NASA'S FIRST MANNED LUNAR ORBITAL MISSION. 111 00:08:09,856 --> 00:08:13,758 ON THE YORKTOWN'S DECK STANDS AN F-14A TOMCAT-- 112 00:08:13,760 --> 00:08:15,427 ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL FIGHTERS 113 00:08:15,429 --> 00:08:18,029 IN THE HISTORY OF THE U.S. NAVY. 114 00:08:18,031 --> 00:08:23,468 AND THE E-1B TRACER. 115 00:08:23,470 --> 00:08:26,471 DATING FROM THE 1950s, THE E-1B IS MOUNTED 116 00:08:26,473 --> 00:08:28,473 WITH AN EARLY WARNING RADAR DOME 117 00:08:28,475 --> 00:08:30,342 THAT WAS USED BY THE PLANE'S FOUR-MAN CREW 118 00:08:30,344 --> 00:08:33,011 TO FIND AND TRACK ENEMY AIRCRAFT. 119 00:08:39,552 --> 00:08:42,521 TODAY CHARLESTON HARBOR IS ALSO HOME 120 00:08:42,523 --> 00:08:46,258 TO ONE OF THE BUSIEST CONTAINER CARGO PORTS IN THE COUNTRY-- 121 00:08:46,260 --> 00:08:49,794 SECOND ONLY TO NEW YORK ON THE EASTERN SEABOARD. 122 00:08:49,796 --> 00:08:53,164 THE PORT IS LOCATED INSIDE THE MOUTH OF THE COOPER RIVER 123 00:08:53,166 --> 00:08:55,367 TO HELP PROTECT FREIGHTERS FROM THE HURRICANES 124 00:08:55,369 --> 00:08:57,569 THAT BATTER THE COAST. 125 00:08:57,571 --> 00:08:59,738 WITH ITS WIDE, DEEP NATURAL HARBOR 126 00:08:59,740 --> 00:09:03,542 AND HIGH-TECH CRANE SYSTEM, THIS PORT CAN MOVE CARGO AND SHIPS 127 00:09:03,544 --> 00:09:08,146 FASTER THAN ANY OTHER IN THE UNITED STATES. 128 00:09:08,148 --> 00:09:10,715 BUT TO GET HERE, SHIPS HAVE TO PASS UNDER 129 00:09:10,717 --> 00:09:14,986 THIS MARVEL OF MODERN ENGINEERING. 130 00:09:14,988 --> 00:09:21,159 THE ARTHUR RAVENEL BRIDGE SOARS 570 FEET ABOVE THE COOPER RIVER. 131 00:09:21,161 --> 00:09:23,828 ITS ROAD DECKS ARE SUSPENDED HIGH OFF THE WATER 132 00:09:23,830 --> 00:09:27,866 TO MAKE WAY FOR THE WORLD'S LARGEST FREIGHTERS. 133 00:09:27,868 --> 00:09:30,835 NAMED AFTER U.S. CONGRESSMAN ARTHUR RAVENEL, JR., 134 00:09:30,837 --> 00:09:35,173 THE BRIDGE'S MAIN SPAN IS MORE THAN 1,500 FEET LONG, 135 00:09:35,175 --> 00:09:37,409 MAKING IT THE LONGEST CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE 136 00:09:37,411 --> 00:09:39,311 IN NORTH AMERICA. 137 00:09:42,281 --> 00:09:46,217 BUILDING THE RAVENEL WAS A MAJOR ENGINEERING FEAT. 138 00:09:46,219 --> 00:09:47,752 ITS LOCATION MAKES IT VULNERABLE 139 00:09:47,754 --> 00:09:50,322 TO A HOST OF POTENTIAL CATASTROPHES, 140 00:09:50,324 --> 00:09:55,894 SO ENGINEERS HAD TO TAKE EVERY MEASURE TO MAKE IT FAIL-SAFE. 141 00:09:55,896 --> 00:09:59,030 THEY DRILLED 240 DEEP SHAFTS INTO THE RIVERBED 142 00:09:59,032 --> 00:10:01,266 FOR THE BRIDGE'S MAIN FOOTINGS. 143 00:10:01,268 --> 00:10:05,437 AND THEY ENCASED EACH SUPPORT TOWER IN A ONE-ACRE ROCK ISLAND, 144 00:10:05,439 --> 00:10:10,809 BUILT WITH MORE THAN HALF A MILLION TONS OF STONE. 145 00:10:10,811 --> 00:10:14,479 THESE FEATURES ENSURE THAT THE BRIDGE CAN WITHSTAND EVERYTHING 146 00:10:14,481 --> 00:10:20,318 FROM 300 MILE PER HOUR WINDS TO MAGNITUDE 7.4 EARTHQUAKES, 147 00:10:20,320 --> 00:10:25,557 AND EVEN IMPACT COLLISION WITH THE WORLD'S LARGEST SHIPS. 148 00:10:25,559 --> 00:10:27,926 TODAY THE RAVENEL IS A CRUCIAL LINK 149 00:10:27,928 --> 00:10:30,428 IN SOUTH CAROLINA'S HIGHWAY SYSTEM. 150 00:10:30,430 --> 00:10:32,964 IT OFFERS TRAVELERS FROM CHARLESTON FAST ACCESS 151 00:10:32,966 --> 00:10:36,101 TO SOME OF THE STATE'S GREATEST TREASURES-- 152 00:10:36,103 --> 00:10:40,772 THE STUNNING BEACHES AND BARRIER ISLANDS THAT LINE ITS COAST. 153 00:10:45,277 --> 00:10:47,012 THIS 60-MILE-LONG BEACH 154 00:10:47,014 --> 00:10:49,581 IS SOUTH CAROLINA'S THE GRAND STRAND, 155 00:10:49,583 --> 00:10:51,549 AND STRETCHES FROM GEORGETOWN 156 00:10:51,551 --> 00:10:54,819 RIGHT UP TO THE NORTH CAROLINA BORDER. 157 00:10:54,821 --> 00:10:57,322 AT ITS HEART IS MYRTLE BEACH-- 158 00:10:57,324 --> 00:11:01,926 SOUTH CAROLINA'S MOST FAMOUS COASTAL TOWN. 159 00:11:01,928 --> 00:11:04,496 IT'S HOME TO JUST 30,000 WINTER RESIDENTS 160 00:11:04,498 --> 00:11:09,100 BUT TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS. 161 00:11:09,102 --> 00:11:12,871 THEY TURN THIS SLEEPY WINTER TOWN INTO A VACATION MECCA, 162 00:11:12,873 --> 00:11:17,375 PACKING HIGH-END HOTELS AND GOLF COURSES AND CAMPGROUNDS. 163 00:11:21,247 --> 00:11:25,250 THE PACE OF DEVELOPMENT ON THIS STRETCH OF BEACH HAS BEEN RAPID. 164 00:11:25,252 --> 00:11:29,187 JUST OVER A CENTURY AGO IT WAS LARGELY UNINHABITED-- 165 00:11:29,189 --> 00:11:32,791 AND FOR GOOD REASON. 166 00:11:32,793 --> 00:11:34,859 UP UNTIL THE END OF THE 19th CENTURY, 167 00:11:34,861 --> 00:11:38,363 SWAMPS MADE IT HARD TO EVEN GET TO THE COAST... 168 00:11:38,365 --> 00:11:41,132 AND SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS AND LOW CROP YIELDS 169 00:11:41,134 --> 00:11:44,035 MADE FARMING HERE DIFFICULT. 170 00:11:44,037 --> 00:11:47,472 TO TOP IT OFF, STORMS BATTERED THE BEACH. 171 00:11:49,809 --> 00:11:52,644 NO ONE KNEW THE DIFFICULTIES OF FARMING AND SURVIVAL HERE 172 00:11:52,646 --> 00:11:57,115 BETTER THAN A FAMILY CALLED THE WITHERS. 173 00:11:57,117 --> 00:11:58,616 IN THE MID 1700s 174 00:11:58,618 --> 00:12:01,319 THEY RECEIVED LARGE LAND GRANTS ALONG THE COAST 175 00:12:01,321 --> 00:12:05,156 AND CLEARED FORESTS TO MAKE FIELDS. 176 00:12:05,158 --> 00:12:09,694 BUT IN 1822, THE GIFT OF THAT PROPERTY TURNED TO TRAGEDY 177 00:12:09,696 --> 00:12:12,731 WHEN A HURRICANE SWEPT THE HOME OF ROBERT WITHERS 178 00:12:12,733 --> 00:12:14,399 INTO THE OCEAN. 179 00:12:14,401 --> 00:12:17,936 18 PEOPLE HAD SOUGHT REFUGE IN THE HOUSE FROM THE STORM, 180 00:12:17,938 --> 00:12:21,072 BUT 14 OF THEM DROWNED. 181 00:12:21,074 --> 00:12:23,374 AFTER WITHERS WATCHED THE STORM CARRY AWAY 182 00:12:23,376 --> 00:12:27,345 HIS WIFE AND FIVE CHILDREN, HE ABANDONED THE LAND 183 00:12:27,347 --> 00:12:31,182 HIS FAMILY HAD HELD HERE FOR GENERATIONS. 184 00:12:31,184 --> 00:12:33,918 COASTAL FORESTS RECLAIMED HIS FIELDS 185 00:12:33,920 --> 00:12:37,355 AND THE AREA REMAINED LARGELY UNINHABITED... 186 00:12:39,925 --> 00:12:43,228 THAT IS UNTIL A LUMBER BARON ARRIVED WITH A VISION 187 00:12:43,230 --> 00:12:47,332 THAT WOULD TRANSFORM MILES OF PRISTINE COASTLINE 188 00:12:47,334 --> 00:12:51,002 INTO THE POPULAR TOWNS AND BEACHES THEY ARE TODAY. 189 00:12:51,004 --> 00:12:53,037 IT STARTED AFTER THE CIVIL WAR, 190 00:12:53,039 --> 00:12:55,373 WHEN A BUSINESSMAN NAMED F.G. BURROUGHS 191 00:12:55,375 --> 00:12:58,109 BUILT A LUMBER MILL NEARBY. 192 00:12:58,111 --> 00:13:00,645 BURROUGHS LOGGED THE LONGLEAF PINE TREES 193 00:13:00,647 --> 00:13:04,716 THAT STILL GROW ABUNDANTLY HERE. 194 00:13:04,718 --> 00:13:07,452 HE STARTED LAYING RAILROAD TRACKS ACROSS THE SWAMP 195 00:13:07,454 --> 00:13:09,420 TO GET HIS TIMBER ONTO SHIPS 196 00:13:09,422 --> 00:13:11,756 AND TRANSPORT IT UP THE EAST COAST. 197 00:13:13,726 --> 00:13:16,928 BURROUGHS DIED BEFORE THE TRACKS WERE COMPLETED, 198 00:13:16,930 --> 00:13:20,031 BUT HIS SONS FINISHED HIS WORK. 199 00:13:20,033 --> 00:13:22,233 SOON, VACATIONERS WERE HITCHING RIDES 200 00:13:22,235 --> 00:13:25,804 ON THE LUMBER TRAINS TO REACH THE BEACH. 201 00:13:25,806 --> 00:13:30,408 IN 1901 THE BUDDING RESORT HAD ITS VERY FIRST HOTEL-- 202 00:13:30,410 --> 00:13:32,811 THE SEASIDE INN. 203 00:13:32,813 --> 00:13:34,245 LONG SINCE DEMOLISHED, 204 00:13:34,247 --> 00:13:38,216 THE INN WAS AT THE CENTER OF WHAT'S NOW DOWNTOWN. 205 00:13:38,218 --> 00:13:40,451 THAT SAME YEAR A CONTEST WAS HELD 206 00:13:40,453 --> 00:13:44,355 TO GIVE THE UP-AND-COMING TOWN A PROPER NAME. 207 00:13:44,357 --> 00:13:46,291 BURROUGHS' WIDOW PROPOSED NAMING IT 208 00:13:46,293 --> 00:13:50,762 AFTER THE MYRTLE EVERGREEN SHRUB THAT GREW ALONG THE SHORE. 209 00:13:50,764 --> 00:13:57,068 SHE WON THE CONTEST AND THE NAME MYRTLE BEACH WAS BORN. 210 00:13:57,070 --> 00:13:59,337 AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY, EMPTY LOTS HERE 211 00:13:59,339 --> 00:14:03,208 WERE PURPORTEDLY SOLD FOR JUST 25 DOLLARS A PIECE. 212 00:14:03,210 --> 00:14:05,877 TODAY THEY CAN BE WORTH MILLIONS, 213 00:14:05,879 --> 00:14:10,415 EVEN THOUGH THE BEACH THEY'RE ON IS SHRINKING. 214 00:14:10,417 --> 00:14:13,184 STUDIES ARE SHOWING THAT PARTS OF THE GRAND STRAND 215 00:14:13,186 --> 00:14:18,356 AND LOSE UP TO 8 INCHES OF BEACH EVERY YEAR TO EROSION. 216 00:14:18,358 --> 00:14:21,593 EVERY FEW YEARS THE STATE SPENDS TENS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 217 00:14:21,595 --> 00:14:23,695 TO REPLENISH THE BEACH. 218 00:14:23,697 --> 00:14:27,432 OFFSHORE, A DREDGE GATHERS SAND FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA 219 00:14:27,434 --> 00:14:30,168 AND SENDS IT TO A PUMPING STATION. 220 00:14:30,170 --> 00:14:34,038 HERE, GIANT PUMPS DELIVER THE SLURRY OF SAND TO SHORE 221 00:14:34,040 --> 00:14:36,241 VIA STEEL PIPES. 222 00:14:36,243 --> 00:14:37,542 ONCE IT ARRIVES, 223 00:14:37,544 --> 00:14:41,813 BULLDOZERS SPREAD THE NEW SAND AND SHAPE THE BEACH. 224 00:14:41,815 --> 00:14:46,551 AN AMPHIBIOUS TRIPOD ARMED WITH GPS, KNOWN AS THE CRAB, 225 00:14:46,553 --> 00:14:48,953 ALLOWS SURVEYORS TO MAP THE SHORELINE 226 00:14:48,955 --> 00:14:52,757 AND CAREFULLY DETERMINE HOW MUCH NEW SAND IS NEEDED. 227 00:14:52,759 --> 00:14:55,526 THE REPLENISHED BEACHES CAUSE STORM SURGES TO BREAK 228 00:14:55,528 --> 00:14:57,662 SAFELY FAR AWAY FROM SHORE, 229 00:14:57,664 --> 00:15:00,098 PROTECTING THE BEACHFRONT PROPERTY. 230 00:15:06,105 --> 00:15:11,009 SOUTH CAROLINA LIES IN HURRICANE ALLEY. 231 00:15:11,011 --> 00:15:14,746 EVERY JUNE BRINGS A NEW HURRICANE SEASON. 232 00:15:14,748 --> 00:15:18,283 NO ONE KNOWS IF AND WHEN THE NEXT BIG STORM WILL HIT, 233 00:15:18,285 --> 00:15:22,220 BUT WHEN THEY DO THE DAMAGE CAN BE CATASTROPHIC. 234 00:15:24,823 --> 00:15:28,626 ONE HURRICANE SYSTEM CALLED THE GREAT STORM OF 1893 235 00:15:28,628 --> 00:15:32,330 KILLED AN ESTIMATED 2,000 PEOPLE ON THE COAST. 236 00:15:35,834 --> 00:15:39,971 IN 1989 HURRICANE HUGO WAS ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL 237 00:15:39,973 --> 00:15:43,908 RECENT STORMS TO HIT THE STATE. 238 00:15:43,910 --> 00:15:46,978 WINDS GUSTED UP TO 160 MILES PER HOUR 239 00:15:46,980 --> 00:15:49,614 AND COASTAL WATERS SURGED 20 FEET, 240 00:15:49,616 --> 00:15:55,153 CAUSING 7 BILLION DOLLARS IN DAMAGE AND KILLING 35 PEOPLE. 241 00:15:57,990 --> 00:16:00,158 SO FAR THIS STATE HAS NOT YET BEEN HIT 242 00:16:00,160 --> 00:16:04,228 BY A CATEGORY 5 HURRICANE-- THE MOST POWERFUL. 243 00:16:04,230 --> 00:16:06,631 BUT EVERY HURRICANE SEASON COASTAL RESIDENTS 244 00:16:06,633 --> 00:16:09,901 IN MYRTLE BEACH AND OTHER TOWNS UP AND DOWN THE COAST 245 00:16:09,903 --> 00:16:12,036 TURN THEIR EYES TO THE SEA 246 00:16:12,038 --> 00:16:15,273 AND TRACK EACH NEW WEATHER SYSTEM THAT MOVES NORTH, 247 00:16:15,275 --> 00:16:20,578 JUST IN CASE THE NEXT GREAT STORM IS HEADED THEIR WAY. 248 00:16:26,185 --> 00:16:28,653 BUT IT'S NOT JUST THE COAST THAT CAN BE HIT HARD 249 00:16:28,655 --> 00:16:30,688 BY NATURAL DISASTERS. 250 00:16:32,925 --> 00:16:34,792 SOUTHWEST OF THE GRAND STRAND 251 00:16:34,794 --> 00:16:36,928 LIES MORE THAN A QUARTER OF A MILLION ACRES 252 00:16:36,930 --> 00:16:41,699 OF WILD, SWAMPY LAND AND GIANT CYPRESS TREES. 253 00:16:41,701 --> 00:16:46,237 THIS IS THE FRANCIS MARION NATIONAL FOREST. 254 00:16:46,239 --> 00:16:51,542 IN 1989, HURRICANE HUGO LEVELED MORE THAN 30% OF THE FOREST, 255 00:16:51,544 --> 00:16:53,978 AND STRIPPED THE LEAVES FROM THE CYPRESS TREES, 256 00:16:53,980 --> 00:16:57,548 LEAVING THEM VULNERABLE TO FOREST FIRES. 257 00:16:57,550 --> 00:17:00,018 BUT IT REMAINS A HAVEN FOR WILDLIFE, 258 00:17:00,020 --> 00:17:04,489 INCLUDING THE CANADA GEESE THAT MIGRATE HERE EVERY WINTER. 259 00:17:10,496 --> 00:17:13,531 AT THE END OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, THE FOREST WAS HOME 260 00:17:13,533 --> 00:17:18,870 TO A FAMOUS FREEDOM FIGHTER KNOWN AS THE SWAMP FOX. 261 00:17:18,872 --> 00:17:22,807 WHEN BRITISH FORCES TOOK CONTROL OF SOUTH CAROLINA IN 1780, 262 00:17:22,809 --> 00:17:25,576 IN WHAT'S KNOWN AS THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON, 263 00:17:25,578 --> 00:17:30,481 MANY IN THE COLONY CONTINUED TO FIGHT FOR THEIR INDEPENDENCE. 264 00:17:30,483 --> 00:17:32,817 ONE OF THEM WAS A PLANTATION OWNER AND SOLDIER 265 00:17:32,819 --> 00:17:35,420 NAMED FRANCIS MARION 266 00:17:35,422 --> 00:17:36,754 WHO RALLIED A BAND OF FIGHTERS 267 00:17:36,756 --> 00:17:39,757 TO LAUNCH HIT-AND-RUN ASSAULTS ON BRITISH REGIMENTS. 268 00:17:42,294 --> 00:17:45,663 THE MEN WERE CALLED MARION'S BRIGADE. 269 00:17:45,665 --> 00:17:47,598 WITH THE BRITISH HOT ON HIS TRAIL, 270 00:17:47,600 --> 00:17:50,535 MARION TOOK REFUGE IN THIS SWAMPY FOREST 271 00:17:50,537 --> 00:17:53,071 JUST 30 MILES NORTH OF CHARLESTON. 272 00:17:53,073 --> 00:17:58,576 UNABLE TO CATCH HIM, THE BRITISH NICKNAMED MARION THE SWAMP FOX. 273 00:17:58,578 --> 00:18:01,846 TO THIS DAY, HISTORIANS DEBATE WHETHER FRANCIS MARION 274 00:18:01,848 --> 00:18:03,881 WAS A TERRORIST OR A HERO 275 00:18:03,883 --> 00:18:06,651 IN AMERICA'S FIGHT FOR INDEPENDENCE. 276 00:18:09,321 --> 00:18:15,126 SOME CLAIM THAT HE'S THE FATHER OF MODERN GUERRILLA WARFARE. 277 00:18:15,128 --> 00:18:17,862 WITH SUCH COLORFUL EXPLOITS, IT'S NO WONDER THAT FILMMAKERS 278 00:18:17,864 --> 00:18:20,231 DREW INSPIRATION FROM MARION'S LIFE 279 00:18:20,233 --> 00:18:22,733 FOR THE 2000 FILM THE PATRIOT, 280 00:18:22,735 --> 00:18:26,237 STARRING MEL GIBSON AS THE SWAMP FOX. 281 00:18:35,380 --> 00:18:38,816 WITH SO MANY HURRICANES SLAMMING SOUTH CAROLINA'S COAST, 282 00:18:38,818 --> 00:18:41,686 BUILDING ANYTHING HERE CAN BE RISKY... 283 00:18:41,688 --> 00:18:46,357 UNLESS IT'S ENGINEERED FOR DISASTER. 284 00:18:46,359 --> 00:18:47,792 A TOWER RISES 285 00:18:47,794 --> 00:18:50,862 OVER ONE OF SOUTH CAROLINA'S COASTAL ISLANDS. 286 00:18:50,864 --> 00:18:56,000 THIS LIGHTHOUSE WAS BUILT WITH JUST THREE SIDES FOR A REASON. 287 00:18:56,002 --> 00:18:57,802 ITS RIGID TRIANGULAR SHAPE 288 00:18:57,804 --> 00:19:02,773 WILL ENABLE IT TO SURVIVE WINDS UP TO 125 MILES PER HOUR 289 00:19:02,775 --> 00:19:05,977 AND HELP KEEP SHIPS SAFELY OFFSHORE. 290 00:19:08,580 --> 00:19:11,716 BUT ONCE, SULLIVAN'S ISLAND WAS THE PORT OF CALL 291 00:19:11,718 --> 00:19:15,052 FOR MANY OF THE WORLD'S SLAVE SHIPS. 292 00:19:15,054 --> 00:19:18,222 HISTORIANS ESTIMATE THAT AS MANY AS 40% 293 00:19:18,224 --> 00:19:19,790 OF THE MILLIONS OF AFRICAN SLAVES 294 00:19:19,792 --> 00:19:24,395 THAT ARRIVED ON AMERICA'S SHORES DISEMBARKED HERE. 295 00:19:24,397 --> 00:19:27,064 THOSE WHO SURVIVED THE VOYAGE FROM AFRICA 296 00:19:27,066 --> 00:19:28,533 WERE QUARANTINED ON THE ISLAND 297 00:19:28,535 --> 00:19:32,970 BEFORE BEING SOLD IN THE SLAVE MARKETS OF CHARLESTON. 298 00:19:32,972 --> 00:19:34,539 IT'S WHY THE AREA HAS BEEN CALLED 299 00:19:34,541 --> 00:19:38,476 THE ELLIS ISLAND OF SLAVERY. 300 00:19:38,478 --> 00:19:41,312 IN 1989, THE WRITER TONI MORRISON 301 00:19:41,314 --> 00:19:45,683 NOTED THAT AMAZINGLY, THERE WAS NO SUITABLE MEMORIAL, PLAQUE, 302 00:19:45,685 --> 00:19:48,319 OR EVEN WREATH ON THE ISLAND TO PAY PROPER TRIBUTE 303 00:19:48,321 --> 00:19:52,390 TO THE HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF SLAVES WHO LANDED HERE. 304 00:19:56,028 --> 00:19:58,896 SULLIVAN'S ISLAND HAS ALSO PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE 305 00:19:58,898 --> 00:20:01,532 IN THE DEFENSE OF CHARLESTON AND ITS HARBOR, 306 00:20:01,534 --> 00:20:04,001 THANKS TO FORT MOULTRIE. 307 00:20:06,171 --> 00:20:09,507 WHEN IT WAS BUILT, THE FORT'S WALLS WERE CONSTRUCTED OF LOGS 308 00:20:09,509 --> 00:20:12,443 MADE FROM FRESHLY CUT PALMETTO TREES. 309 00:20:14,112 --> 00:20:16,781 DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR, THIS WOOD PROVED TO BE 310 00:20:16,783 --> 00:20:19,684 SURPRISINGLY RESILIENT AGAINST CANNON SHOT 311 00:20:19,686 --> 00:20:23,688 AND HELPED COLONIAL FORCES REPEL A BRITISH NAVAL SIEGE. 312 00:20:25,691 --> 00:20:27,792 IT'S WHY THE PALMETTO TREE EVENTUALLY BECAME 313 00:20:27,794 --> 00:20:31,829 THE STATE SYMBOL AND APPEARS ON THE SOUTH CAROLINA FLAG. 314 00:20:36,835 --> 00:20:42,039 SOUTH CAROLINA HAS 187 MILES OF COASTLINE, 315 00:20:42,041 --> 00:20:44,775 BUT THAT NUMBER CAN BE DECEPTIVE. 316 00:20:44,777 --> 00:20:47,878 BEHIND THE STATE'S PRISTINE BEACHES AND BARRIER ISLANDS 317 00:20:47,880 --> 00:20:51,082 LIE NEARLY 3,000 MILES OF SHORELINE. 318 00:20:52,751 --> 00:20:54,185 MUCH OF IT LIES HERE 319 00:20:54,187 --> 00:20:57,188 IN ONE OF THE COUNTRY'S GREATEST WATERWAYS-- 320 00:20:57,190 --> 00:21:01,659 THE MOUTH OF THE SANTEE RIVER. 321 00:21:01,661 --> 00:21:04,729 IT'S THE LARGEST DELTA ON THE EASTERN SEABOARD. 322 00:21:04,731 --> 00:21:09,467 MILE AFTER MILE OF TWISTING INLETS AND SALT MARSHES-- 323 00:21:09,469 --> 00:21:12,236 A HAVEN FOR MIGRATING BIRDS. 324 00:21:16,275 --> 00:21:20,077 BY 1690, ONE OF THE WORLD'S MOST DESIRED COMMODITIES 325 00:21:20,079 --> 00:21:22,580 WAS PRODUCED HERE ON THE COAST-- 326 00:21:22,582 --> 00:21:27,485 A VARIETY OF RICE CALLED CAROLINA GOLD. 327 00:21:27,487 --> 00:21:30,121 SLAVES WORKED AND SHAPED THESE MARSHES TO CREATE 328 00:21:30,123 --> 00:21:34,458 WHAT WERE SOME OF THE LARGEST RICE PLANTATIONS ON EARTH. 329 00:21:34,460 --> 00:21:39,330 GROWING RICE HERE WAS BACKBREAKING WORK. 330 00:21:39,332 --> 00:21:41,699 SLAVES CUT DITCHES AND BUILT EMBANKMENTS 331 00:21:41,701 --> 00:21:43,901 TO CONTROL THE SALINITY OF THE WATER, 332 00:21:43,903 --> 00:21:49,006 WHILE TRYING TO AVOID ALLIGATORS AND POISONOUS SNAKES. 333 00:21:49,008 --> 00:21:53,878 RICE BECAME SOUTH CAROLINA'S BIGGEST COMMODITY. 334 00:21:53,880 --> 00:21:56,781 GEORGETOWN COUNTY ALONE ONCE PRODUCED CLOSE TO HALF 335 00:21:56,783 --> 00:22:00,017 OF ALL THE RICE GROWN IN THE U.S. AND AT ONE POINT 336 00:22:00,019 --> 00:22:04,622 EXPORTED MORE RICE THAN ANY OTHER PORT IN THE WORLD. 337 00:22:04,624 --> 00:22:08,225 IT'S BEEN SAID THAT CAROLINA GOLD WAS ONCE THE PREFERRED RICE 338 00:22:08,227 --> 00:22:10,961 OF THE EMPEROR OF CHINA. 339 00:22:10,963 --> 00:22:14,198 THE END OF SLAVERY DROVE MOST OF THESE COASTAL PLANTATIONS 340 00:22:14,200 --> 00:22:15,633 OUT OF BUSINESS. 341 00:22:15,635 --> 00:22:19,036 BUT A FEW OLD STRUCTURES REMAIN IN THE SWAMP, 342 00:22:19,038 --> 00:22:22,540 LIKE THIS HOUSE BUILT ON STILTS TO PROTECT RESIDENTS 343 00:22:22,542 --> 00:22:26,977 FROM FLOODING AND STORMS, A COMMON PRACTICE TO THIS DAY. 344 00:22:32,984 --> 00:22:35,586 WHILE MOST OF SOUTH CAROLINA'S COASTAL RICE PLANTATIONS 345 00:22:35,588 --> 00:22:40,991 ARE GONE, MANY OTHER PLANTATION HOUSES INLAND REMAIN. 346 00:22:40,993 --> 00:22:43,794 THE FIRST OF THESE ESTATES WERE BUILT WHEN BRITISH LORDS 347 00:22:43,796 --> 00:22:47,331 AWARDED LARGE TRACTS OF LAND HERE TO ENGLISH SETTLERS, 348 00:22:47,333 --> 00:22:51,702 IN ORDER TO FARM RICE, COTTON, AND OTHER CASH CROPS. 349 00:22:51,704 --> 00:22:53,371 POWERED BY SLAVE LABOR, 350 00:22:53,373 --> 00:22:57,274 THE OUTPUT OF THESE ONCE GIANT FARMS WAS ASTOUNDING. 351 00:22:57,276 --> 00:22:59,343 BY THE DAWN OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 352 00:22:59,345 --> 00:23:00,978 PLANTATIONS HERE HAD ALREADY PRODUCED 353 00:23:00,980 --> 00:23:03,848 A MILLION POUNDS OF THE PLANT INDIGO, 354 00:23:03,850 --> 00:23:07,351 FROM WHICH WAS PRODUCED A DISTINCTIVE BLUE DYE. 355 00:23:07,353 --> 00:23:10,121 INDIGO EXPORTS HELPED MAKE SOUTH CAROLINA 356 00:23:10,123 --> 00:23:13,524 BRITAIN'S WEALTHIEST COLONY. 357 00:23:13,526 --> 00:23:15,459 DURING THE FIRST YEARS OF THE COLONY 358 00:23:15,461 --> 00:23:18,396 MOST ENGLISH SETTLERS CAME FROM BARBADOS. 359 00:23:18,398 --> 00:23:20,498 THEY WERE YOUNG, AMBITIOUS FARMERS 360 00:23:20,500 --> 00:23:23,267 EAGER TO EXPAND THEIR OPPORTUNITIES. 361 00:23:23,269 --> 00:23:27,972 AMONG THESE EARLY SETTLERS WERE THOMAS AND ANNE DRAYTON. 362 00:23:27,974 --> 00:23:33,978 ARRIVING FROM BARBADOS IN 1679, THEY BUILT MAGNOLIA PLANTATION. 363 00:23:33,980 --> 00:23:35,679 BUT IT WAS ONE OF THE DRAYTON'S SONS 364 00:23:35,681 --> 00:23:39,383 WHO ESTABLISHED THE FAMILY'S GREATEST LEGACY. 365 00:23:39,385 --> 00:23:40,951 AS THE THIRD SON, 366 00:23:40,953 --> 00:23:44,922 JOHN DRAYTON KNEW HE WOULDN'T INHERIT HIS FAMILY'S LAND. 367 00:23:44,924 --> 00:23:50,628 SO, IN 1738 THE 23-YEAR-OLD PURCHASED 350 ACRES OF HIS OWN 368 00:23:50,630 --> 00:23:54,098 ALONG THE ASHLEY RIVER. 369 00:23:54,100 --> 00:23:56,367 THE RIVER WOULD PROVIDE A TRANSPORTATION NETWORK 370 00:23:56,369 --> 00:24:00,137 TO CARRY HIS CROPS TO THE PORTS. 371 00:24:00,139 --> 00:24:02,306 HE THEN SET ABOUT BUILDING HIMSELF A NEW HOUSE 372 00:24:02,308 --> 00:24:06,043 ON A GRAND SCALE. 373 00:24:06,045 --> 00:24:09,013 DURING THE CIVIL WAR, UNION SOLDIERS TORCHED 374 00:24:09,015 --> 00:24:12,583 MANY OF THE PLANTATION HOUSES ALONG THE ASHLEY RIVER. 375 00:24:12,585 --> 00:24:17,855 AMAZINGLY, DRAYTON HALL WAS ONE OF ONLY THREE THAT SURVIVED. 376 00:24:17,857 --> 00:24:22,626 WHY IT DID IS A MYSTERY THAT HAS LONG PUZZLED HISTORIANS. 377 00:24:22,628 --> 00:24:25,529 SOME SAY THAT GENERAL SHERMAN SPARED THE ESTATE 378 00:24:25,531 --> 00:24:28,566 BECAUSE HE WAS IN LOVE WITH ONE OF THE DRAYTON WOMEN. 379 00:24:28,568 --> 00:24:31,802 ANOTHER THEORY IS THAT THE SLAVES WORKING ON THE PLANTATION 380 00:24:31,804 --> 00:24:34,305 WERE ORDERED TO TELL UNION TROOPS THAT THE HOUSE 381 00:24:34,307 --> 00:24:38,275 WAS A SMALLPOX HOSPITAL AND SHOULD BE SPARED. 382 00:24:38,277 --> 00:24:41,312 TODAY DRAYTON HALL IS CONSIDERED THE OLDEST 383 00:24:41,314 --> 00:24:44,782 AND MOST SPLENDID EXAMPLE OF GEORGIAN PALLADIAN ARCHITECTURE 384 00:24:44,784 --> 00:24:46,617 IN THE UNITED STATES. 385 00:24:46,619 --> 00:24:50,921 LUCKILY, IT'S NOT JUST THE GRAND HOUSES OF PLANTATION OWNERS 386 00:24:50,923 --> 00:24:52,623 THAT HAVE SURVIVED. 387 00:24:52,625 --> 00:24:57,127 ON THE NEARBY BOONE PLANTATION, SMALL SLAVE CABINS STILL STAND 388 00:24:57,129 --> 00:24:59,864 ON WHAT'S KNOWN AS SLAVE STREET. 389 00:24:59,866 --> 00:25:02,099 IT WAS COMMON AT THE TIME FOR SLAVE CABINS TO BE BUILT 390 00:25:02,101 --> 00:25:03,968 IN FRONT OF A PLANTATION MANSION 391 00:25:03,970 --> 00:25:06,937 AS A PUBLIC DISPLAY OF THEIR PROSPERITY. 392 00:25:09,241 --> 00:25:11,942 THESE HISTORIC SITES PROVIDE STUNNING GLIMPSES 393 00:25:11,944 --> 00:25:14,879 OF THE ANTEBELLUM PERIOD AND A CHANCE TO UNDERSTAND 394 00:25:14,881 --> 00:25:19,149 WHAT LIFE WAS LIKE FOR ENSLAVED AFRICANS IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 395 00:25:25,490 --> 00:25:27,591 AS PLANTATION PROFITS GREW, 396 00:25:27,593 --> 00:25:31,862 SO, TOO, DID THE ESTATES OF THEIR OWNERS. 397 00:25:31,864 --> 00:25:34,498 THE VAST LANDSCAPE GARDENS OF MIDDLETON PLACE 398 00:25:34,500 --> 00:25:38,202 ARE THOUGHT TO BE THE OLDEST IN THE U.S. 399 00:25:38,204 --> 00:25:39,870 THEY WERE DESIGNED AND PLANTED 400 00:25:39,872 --> 00:25:45,009 SO THAT THERE WOULD BE SOMETHING IN BLOOM EVERY DAY OF THE YEAR. 401 00:25:45,011 --> 00:25:49,313 MIDDLETON PLACE WAS ALSO THE SITE OF A FARMING EXPERIMENT. 402 00:25:49,315 --> 00:25:52,449 IN 1846 THE OWNERS IMPORTED 403 00:25:52,451 --> 00:25:54,752 WATER BUFFALO FROM CONSTANTINOPLE 404 00:25:54,754 --> 00:25:57,955 TO SEE IF, WITH THEIR WIDE HOOVES AND STURDY LEGS, 405 00:25:57,957 --> 00:26:01,592 THEY COULD OUTPERFORM HORSES IN TILLING RICE FIELDS. 406 00:26:01,594 --> 00:26:03,360 BUT DURING THE CIVIL WAR 407 00:26:03,362 --> 00:26:05,296 UNION TROOPS BURNED THE MAIN HOUSE 408 00:26:05,298 --> 00:26:08,666 AND SLAUGHTERED SOME OF THE ANIMALS FOR FOOD. 409 00:26:08,668 --> 00:26:10,668 MANY OF THE BUFFALO THAT WERE SPARED 410 00:26:10,670 --> 00:26:16,040 ULTIMATELY ENDED UP IN NEW YORK'S CENTRAL PARK ZOO. 411 00:26:16,042 --> 00:26:21,345 TODAY, MIDDLETON PLACE IS A NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK. 412 00:26:21,347 --> 00:26:24,915 ITS GARDENS WERE OPENED TO THE PUBLIC IN THE 1920s. 413 00:26:24,917 --> 00:26:26,884 THE GARDEN CLUB OF AMERICA CALLED THEM 414 00:26:26,886 --> 00:26:29,186 "THE MOST INTERESTING AND IMPORTANT GARDENS 415 00:26:29,188 --> 00:26:32,156 IN THE UNITED STATES." 416 00:26:32,158 --> 00:26:35,826 FROM THE AIR IT'S EASY TO SEE WHY. 417 00:26:41,533 --> 00:26:44,368 MOVING INLAND FROM SOUTH CAROLINA'S COASTLINE, 418 00:26:44,370 --> 00:26:47,805 A ROLLING LANDSCAPE BECKONS. 419 00:26:47,807 --> 00:26:50,674 THIS IS NORTH AMERICA'S LARGEST INTACT AREA 420 00:26:50,676 --> 00:26:54,778 OF OLD GROWTH FLOODPLAIN FOREST. 421 00:26:54,780 --> 00:26:56,180 THIS FERTILE REGION ONCE BELONGED 422 00:26:56,182 --> 00:27:00,551 TO A NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBE CALLED THE CONGAREE. 423 00:27:00,553 --> 00:27:03,921 PERIODICALLY, NEARBY RIVERS FLOOD THE FOREST, 424 00:27:03,923 --> 00:27:06,090 SUPPLYING IT WITH NUTRIENTS AND SEDIMENT 425 00:27:06,092 --> 00:27:08,058 THAT CREATE A RICH ECOSYSTEM 426 00:27:08,060 --> 00:27:14,765 THAT'S HOME TO A WIDE VARIETY OF FISH, REPTILES, AND INSECTS. 427 00:27:14,767 --> 00:27:18,669 WHEN EUROPEAN SETTLERS ARRIVED HERE THEY BROUGHT SMALLPOX, 428 00:27:18,671 --> 00:27:21,572 WHICH NEARLY WIPED OUT THE CONGAREE. 429 00:27:21,574 --> 00:27:23,574 THE FEW MEMBERS OF THE TRIBE THAT REMAINED 430 00:27:23,576 --> 00:27:28,112 WERE EITHER IMPRISONED OR KILLED BY THE COLONISTS. 431 00:27:28,114 --> 00:27:30,848 THERE ARE NO CONGAREE LEFT TODAY, 432 00:27:30,850 --> 00:27:33,283 BUT THIS VAST STRETCH OF THEIR ANCIENT LAND 433 00:27:33,285 --> 00:27:37,254 REMAINS PRACTICALLY UNTOUCHED. 434 00:27:37,256 --> 00:27:41,058 THE CONGAREE NATIONAL PARK COVERS 27,000 ACRES 435 00:27:41,060 --> 00:27:44,161 AND IS HOME TO NEARLY 100 SPECIES OF TREES 436 00:27:44,163 --> 00:27:48,866 AND A CANOPY THAT RISES HIGHER THAN THE AMAZON RAINFOREST. 437 00:27:52,637 --> 00:27:57,608 THE DAMPNESS HERE IS ALSO WHAT'S PROTECTED IT FROM PEOPLE. 438 00:27:57,610 --> 00:27:59,276 IN THE EARLY 20th CENTURY, 439 00:27:59,278 --> 00:28:03,547 A SINGLE LOGGING COMPANY BOUGHT UP NEARLY ALL THIS LAND. 440 00:28:03,549 --> 00:28:07,818 BUT THE TREES WERE SO WET THEY WOULDN'T EVEN FLOAT DOWNRIVER, 441 00:28:07,820 --> 00:28:10,988 AND THE COMPANY QUICKLY ABANDONED THEIR OPERATIONS HERE, 442 00:28:10,990 --> 00:28:16,827 LEAVING THE CONGAREE'S FLOODPLAIN FORESTS INTACT. 443 00:28:16,829 --> 00:28:20,831 20 MILES TO THE NORTHWEST THE FLOODPLAIN ENDS... 444 00:28:20,833 --> 00:28:25,869 JUST BEFORE REACHING COLUMBIA, THE CAPITAL OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 445 00:28:27,839 --> 00:28:30,607 AT THE CENTER OF TOWN LIES ONE OF THE MOST NOTABLE BUILDINGS 446 00:28:30,609 --> 00:28:35,412 IN THE COUNTRY-- THE SOUTH CAROLINA STATE HOUSE. 447 00:28:35,414 --> 00:28:38,282 ITS MOST UNIQUE FEATURE IS ITS DOME 448 00:28:38,284 --> 00:28:43,053 COVERED WITH 44,000 POUNDS OF COPPER. 449 00:28:43,055 --> 00:28:44,755 BUT WHAT'S EVEN MORE REMARKABLE 450 00:28:44,757 --> 00:28:49,660 IS THAT THIS STATE HOUSE IS EVEN STANDING. 451 00:28:49,662 --> 00:28:53,897 CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW STATE HOUSE BEGAN IN 1851, 452 00:28:53,899 --> 00:28:56,200 BUT THE FIRST STRUCTURE HAD TO BE TORN DOWN 453 00:28:56,202 --> 00:29:00,504 BECAUSE OF MAJOR STRUCTURAL FLAWS. 454 00:29:00,506 --> 00:29:03,874 MAJOR JOHN NIERNSEE, A VIENNA-BORN RAILWAY ENGINEER 455 00:29:03,876 --> 00:29:05,843 TOOK OVER THE PROJECT. 456 00:29:05,845 --> 00:29:09,480 BUT HIS STRUCTURE WAS THREATENED BY WAR. 457 00:29:09,482 --> 00:29:14,284 ON FEBRUARY 17, 1865, GENERAL WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN 458 00:29:14,286 --> 00:29:18,188 AND HIS UNION TROOPS SWEPT INTO COLUMBIA. 459 00:29:18,190 --> 00:29:21,058 FUELED BY ABANDONED BARRELS OF CONFEDERATE WHISKEY, 460 00:29:21,060 --> 00:29:26,029 THE DISORDERLY SOLDIERS PILLAGED AND SET FIRE TO THE CITY. 461 00:29:26,031 --> 00:29:31,135 A TOTAL OF 84 BLOCKS BURNED IN A SINGLE NIGHT. 462 00:29:31,137 --> 00:29:34,972 INCREDIBLY, THE NEW STATE HOUSE, ALREADY UNDER CONSTRUCTION, 463 00:29:34,974 --> 00:29:37,641 SURVIVED THE ATTACK. 464 00:29:37,643 --> 00:29:38,909 BUT THE FIRES DID DESTROY 465 00:29:38,911 --> 00:29:42,146 ALL THE BUILDING'S ARCHITECTURAL PLANS. 466 00:29:42,148 --> 00:29:45,015 AND WITH THE STATE'S COFFERS EMPTY AFTER THE CIVIL WAR, 467 00:29:45,017 --> 00:29:50,521 THE BUILDING WASN'T COMPLETED UNTIL 1903. 468 00:29:50,523 --> 00:29:55,325 ITS CORINTHIAN COLUMNS ARE AMONG THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD. 469 00:29:55,327 --> 00:29:59,329 EACH IS CARVED FROM A SINGLE MASSIVE HUNK OF BLUE GRANITE 470 00:29:59,331 --> 00:30:03,467 THAT SLAVES PULLED FROM A QUARRY JUST SOUTH OF THE CITY. 471 00:30:06,337 --> 00:30:08,138 FOR NEARLY FOUR DECADES, 472 00:30:08,140 --> 00:30:11,875 THE CONFEDERATE FLAG FLEW ATOP THE STATE HOUSE DOME. 473 00:30:11,877 --> 00:30:14,912 IT WAS RAISED IN 1962 TO MARK THE SACRIFICES 474 00:30:14,914 --> 00:30:19,149 OF WHITE SOUTH CAROLINIANS IN THE CIVIL WAR. 475 00:30:19,151 --> 00:30:22,219 BUT MANY SAW IT AS A SYMBOL OF THE STATE'S REBELLION 476 00:30:22,221 --> 00:30:25,222 TO THE GROWING CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT. 477 00:30:25,224 --> 00:30:28,058 IN 2000, NEARLY 50,000 PROTESTERS 478 00:30:28,060 --> 00:30:30,527 MARCHED UP MAIN STREET TO THE STATE HOUSE STEPS 479 00:30:30,529 --> 00:30:34,431 AND DEMANDED THAT THE FLAG BE LOWERED. 480 00:30:34,433 --> 00:30:37,000 LATER THAT YEAR IT WAS FINALLY REMOVED 481 00:30:37,002 --> 00:30:39,436 MAKING SOUTH CAROLINA THE LAST STATE 482 00:30:39,438 --> 00:30:43,540 TO OFFICIALLY FLY THE CONFEDERATE FLAG. 483 00:30:43,542 --> 00:30:44,908 BUT THE CONFEDERATE SPIRIT 484 00:30:44,910 --> 00:30:48,512 STILL COOKS UP CONTROVERSY IN COLUMBIA. 485 00:30:48,514 --> 00:30:50,848 THE SAME DAY THAT THE REBEL FLAG WAS REMOVED 486 00:30:50,850 --> 00:30:54,718 FROM THE STATE HOUSE, THE OWNER OF A POPULAR BARBECUE CHAIN 487 00:30:54,720 --> 00:31:00,057 RAISED CONFEDERATE FLAGS OVER HIS NINE LOCAL RESTAURANTS. 488 00:31:00,059 --> 00:31:04,027 BARBECUE IS ALWAYS A CONTENTIOUS SUBJECT IN THE CAROLINAS. 489 00:31:04,029 --> 00:31:06,730 THE QUESTION OF MUSTARD VERSUS TOMATO-BASED SAUCES 490 00:31:06,732 --> 00:31:09,533 HAS BEEN KNOWN TO START DUELS. 491 00:31:09,535 --> 00:31:13,170 BUT THE BATTLE WAGED BY THE OWNER OF MAURICE'S PIGGIE PARK 492 00:31:13,172 --> 00:31:14,872 IS A RACIAL ONE. 493 00:31:14,874 --> 00:31:17,975 MAURICE OPENLY DEFENDS THE FORMER PRACTICE OF SLAVERY 494 00:31:17,977 --> 00:31:19,610 IN THE STATE. 495 00:31:19,612 --> 00:31:22,913 IN PROTEST, MAJOR STORE CHAINS THROUGHOUT THE SOUTH 496 00:31:22,915 --> 00:31:25,349 HAVE PULLED ALL THE COMPANY'S BARBECUE PRODUCTS 497 00:31:25,351 --> 00:31:27,017 FROM THEIR SHELVES. 498 00:31:29,254 --> 00:31:33,757 HEADING NORTH LIES SOUTH CAROLINA'S BACKCOUNTRY. 499 00:31:33,759 --> 00:31:36,927 THESE FORESTS WERE ONCE HOME TO THE CHEROKEE TRAIL, 500 00:31:36,929 --> 00:31:40,030 A KEY NATIVE AMERICAN TRADE ROUTE THAT ONCE STRETCHED 501 00:31:40,032 --> 00:31:44,534 FROM CHARLESTON ALL THE WAY TO TENNESSEE. 502 00:31:44,536 --> 00:31:48,138 EUROPEAN SETTLERS USED THE TRAIL TO EXPAND WEST 503 00:31:48,140 --> 00:31:52,876 AND TRADE THEIR WEAPONS, RUM, AND GUNPOWDER FOR PELTS. 504 00:31:52,878 --> 00:31:58,248 IN 1748 ALONE, THE SKINS OF 160,000 DEER WERE EXPORTED 505 00:31:58,250 --> 00:32:03,887 FROM SOUTH CAROLINA TO EUROPE TO MAKE PANTS, GLOVES, AND HATS. 506 00:32:03,889 --> 00:32:06,924 DEERSKIN WAS SOUTH CAROLINA'S BIGGEST COMMODITY 507 00:32:06,926 --> 00:32:10,861 UNTIL THE ARRIVAL OF RICE CULTIVATION. 508 00:32:10,863 --> 00:32:15,232 BY 1775, A SETTLEMENT WITH 12 DWELLINGS AND A COURTHOUSE 509 00:32:15,234 --> 00:32:19,503 WAS ESTABLISHED ON THE CHEROKEE TRAIL NEAR A PLENTIFUL SPRING. 510 00:32:19,505 --> 00:32:23,040 IT WAS NAMED 96, FROM THE MISTAKEN BELIEF 511 00:32:23,042 --> 00:32:28,378 THAT IT LAY 96 MILES AWAY FROM THE CHEROKEE CAPITAL, KEOWEE. 512 00:32:28,380 --> 00:32:30,547 THE VILLAGE HAS SINCE BEEN RECONSTRUCTED 513 00:32:30,549 --> 00:32:36,019 ALONG WITH A STOCKADE FORT BUILT IN 1781 TO PROTECT THE SPRING. 514 00:32:40,024 --> 00:32:44,294 NEARBY, AN ODD FORM APPEARS ON THE GROUND BELOW. 515 00:32:44,296 --> 00:32:48,131 POINTS OF A STAR PUSHING UP FROM THE EARTH. 516 00:32:48,133 --> 00:32:51,802 THESE ARE THE REMAINS OF STAR FORT. 517 00:32:51,804 --> 00:32:54,871 BRITISH LOYALISTS BUILT THE FORT HERE IN 1780 518 00:32:54,873 --> 00:33:00,610 WITH SLAVE LABOR TO DEFEND THEMSELVES AGAINST REBEL FORCES. 519 00:33:00,612 --> 00:33:02,646 THE FORT WAS DESIGNED WITH EIGHT POINTS 520 00:33:02,648 --> 00:33:04,881 TO HELP THE LOYALISTS BETTER SEE THEIR ENEMY 521 00:33:04,883 --> 00:33:06,650 AND FEND OFF THE ATTACK. 522 00:33:09,620 --> 00:33:14,324 IN 1781, 1,000 PATRIOTS ATTACKED THE FORT. 523 00:33:14,326 --> 00:33:16,660 THE ENSUING BATTLE BECAME THE LONGEST SIEGE 524 00:33:16,662 --> 00:33:20,597 OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 525 00:33:20,599 --> 00:33:23,400 INSIDE THE FORT LIE THE REMAINS OF A WELL 526 00:33:23,402 --> 00:33:26,236 THAT BRITISH FORCES DUG HOPING TO SUSTAIN THEMSELVES 527 00:33:26,238 --> 00:33:28,538 THROUGHOUT THE LONG SIEGE... 528 00:33:28,540 --> 00:33:30,941 BUT THEY NEVER REACHED WATER. 529 00:33:35,146 --> 00:33:38,081 HEADING TOWARDS THE NORTHWEST BOUNDARY OF THE STATE, 530 00:33:38,083 --> 00:33:41,685 THE BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAINS BECKON. 531 00:33:41,687 --> 00:33:43,954 THIS USED TO BE CHEROKEE COUNTRY. 532 00:33:46,791 --> 00:33:49,726 A LEGEND OF THE TRIBE SAYS THAT A GIANT SPIRIT 533 00:33:49,728 --> 00:33:51,495 USED TO SIT ON ONE OF THESE MOUNTAINS 534 00:33:51,497 --> 00:33:54,598 AND EAT FROM THE TOP OF ANOTHER. 535 00:33:57,702 --> 00:33:59,603 TABLE ROCK, AS IT'S CALLED, 536 00:33:59,605 --> 00:34:02,372 IS LOCATED IN TABLE ROCK STATE PARK-- 537 00:34:02,374 --> 00:34:07,010 A PROTECTED WILDERNESS THAT COVERS MORE THAN 3,000 ACRES. 538 00:34:09,080 --> 00:34:12,649 IT'S ALSO HOME TO PINNACLE MOUNTAIN. 539 00:34:12,651 --> 00:34:14,818 AT MORE THAN 3,400 FEET, 540 00:34:14,820 --> 00:34:16,853 IT'S THE HIGHEST PEAK THAT'S ENTIRELY WITHIN 541 00:34:16,855 --> 00:34:19,423 THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 542 00:34:25,963 --> 00:34:29,399 EAST OF THE BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAINS LIES GAFFNEY. 543 00:34:29,401 --> 00:34:31,968 IT WAS ONCE A THRIVING TEXTILE MILL CENTER. 544 00:34:31,970 --> 00:34:36,573 TODAY IT'S A SLEEPY TOWN, BUT ONE WITH ENORMOUS PRIDE. 545 00:34:36,575 --> 00:34:40,444 ENOUGH TO ERECT A FOUR-STORY, ONE MILLION GALLON WATER TANK 546 00:34:40,446 --> 00:34:42,779 TO CELEBRATE IT. 547 00:34:42,781 --> 00:34:46,183 LOCALS CALL IT THE PEACHOID. 548 00:34:46,185 --> 00:34:48,251 PEACHES WERE ORIGINALLY BROUGHT TO AMERICA 549 00:34:48,253 --> 00:34:51,855 BY SPANISH EXPLORERS IN THE 1500s. 550 00:34:51,857 --> 00:34:55,092 AND WHEN ENGLISH COLONISTS ARRIVED 100 YEARS LATER, 551 00:34:55,094 --> 00:34:58,161 THEY FOUND NATIVE AMERICANS CULTIVATING THE FRUIT... 552 00:34:58,163 --> 00:34:59,696 LEAVING THE SETTLERS TO BELIEVE 553 00:34:59,698 --> 00:35:04,468 THAT PEACHES WERE ACTUALLY NATIVE TO SOUTH CAROLINA. 554 00:35:04,470 --> 00:35:08,405 BUILT IN 1981, THE WATER TOWER WAS DESIGNED AS A GIANT PEACH 555 00:35:08,407 --> 00:35:09,773 TO LET THE WORLD KNOW 556 00:35:09,775 --> 00:35:12,442 THAT SOUTH CAROLINA PRODUCES MORE PEACHES 557 00:35:12,444 --> 00:35:17,280 THAN THE SO-CALLED PEACH STATE, GEORGIA. 558 00:35:17,282 --> 00:35:20,917 IN FACT, SOUTH CAROLINA NOW OFFICIALLY CALLS ITSELF 559 00:35:20,919 --> 00:35:23,620 "THE TASTIER PEACH STATE." 560 00:35:27,658 --> 00:35:30,894 ANOTHER SMALL UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA TOWN 561 00:35:30,896 --> 00:35:34,598 IS HOME TO A UNIQUE AMERICAN SUCCESS STORY. 562 00:35:34,600 --> 00:35:38,802 AS IN GAFFNEY, TEXTILE MILLS THRIVED IN THE TOWN OF GREER. 563 00:35:38,804 --> 00:35:40,337 BUT BY THE 1970s, 564 00:35:40,339 --> 00:35:44,674 COMPETITION FROM ASIA SENT THE REGION INTO DECLINE. 565 00:35:44,676 --> 00:35:49,846 THEN, IN THE EARLY 1990s, BMW OPENED ITS FIRST AND ONLY PLANT 566 00:35:49,848 --> 00:35:55,452 IN THE UNITED STATES, RIGHT HERE IN THE SMALL TOWN OF GREER. 567 00:35:55,454 --> 00:35:58,688 THIS STATE-OF-THE-ART FACTORY COVERS FOUR MILLION SQUARE FEET, 568 00:35:58,690 --> 00:36:02,659 AN AREA THE SIZE OF NEARLY 70 FOOTBALL FIELDS. 569 00:36:02,661 --> 00:36:08,398 INSIDE, 7,000 WORKERS PRODUCE ABOUT 600 VEHICLES EVERY DAY-- 570 00:36:08,400 --> 00:36:12,269 ONE OUT OF EVERY SIX THAT THE COMPANY MAKES. 571 00:36:12,271 --> 00:36:14,437 AFTER THEY ROLL OFF THE ASSEMBLY LINE, 572 00:36:14,439 --> 00:36:17,140 THESE LUXURY CARS ARE SHIPPED ACROSS THE U.S. 573 00:36:17,142 --> 00:36:22,946 AND FROM THE PORT OF CHARLESTON INTO 130 MARKETS WORLDWIDE. 574 00:36:22,948 --> 00:36:25,549 TODAY, MANY CALL THE REGION AROUND GREER 575 00:36:25,551 --> 00:36:28,018 THE DETROIT OF THE SOUTH. 576 00:36:32,657 --> 00:36:36,026 TRAVELING SOUTH OF GREER IS A TRIP BACK IN TIME 577 00:36:36,028 --> 00:36:37,427 TO A PLACE WHERE PIONEERS 578 00:36:37,429 --> 00:36:40,897 SETTLED THEIR DIFFERENCES WITH BLOOD. 579 00:36:40,899 --> 00:36:46,169 TODAY, EDGEFIELD IS BY ALL APPEARANCES PEACEFUL AND QUAINT. 580 00:36:46,171 --> 00:36:47,837 BUT IN THE EARLY 19th CENTURY, 581 00:36:47,839 --> 00:36:49,806 THIS TOWN AND THE SURROUNDING COUNTY 582 00:36:49,808 --> 00:36:53,310 HAD ONE OF THE HIGHEST MURDER RATES IN THE COUNTRY. 583 00:36:53,312 --> 00:36:55,745 LOCAL LEGEND SAYS THAT BLOOD HAS BEEN SPILLED 584 00:36:55,747 --> 00:36:59,015 OVER EVERY SQUARE FOOT OF THIS TOWN CENTER. 585 00:36:59,017 --> 00:37:01,484 ACCUSED CRIMINALS WERE TRIED HERE 586 00:37:01,486 --> 00:37:03,653 AT THE EDGEFIELD COURTHOUSE. 587 00:37:03,655 --> 00:37:06,056 ONE OF THE MOST COLORFUL TRIALS OF THE DAY 588 00:37:06,058 --> 00:37:09,659 WAS THAT OF A YOUNG BEAUTY NAMED BECKY COTTON. 589 00:37:09,661 --> 00:37:13,163 SHE HAD MURDERED HER FIRST HUSBAND WITH A LARGE NEEDLE, 590 00:37:13,165 --> 00:37:14,864 POISONED HER SECOND, 591 00:37:14,866 --> 00:37:17,701 AND PUT AN AXE THROUGH THE SKULL OF HER THIRD. 592 00:37:17,703 --> 00:37:22,172 BUT SURPRISINGLY, SHE WAS ACQUITTED ON ALL CHARGES. 593 00:37:22,174 --> 00:37:25,475 SOME SAY SHE USED HER BEAUTY TO WIN OVER THE JURY... 594 00:37:25,477 --> 00:37:27,611 AND PERHAPS THEY'RE RIGHT-- 595 00:37:27,613 --> 00:37:30,780 BECKY COTTON WENT ON TO MARRY ONE OF THE JURYMEN. 596 00:37:30,782 --> 00:37:32,449 BUT BEFORE SHE COULD KILL HIM 597 00:37:32,451 --> 00:37:34,985 HER OWN BROTHER MURDERED HER FIRST... 598 00:37:34,987 --> 00:37:38,888 AND HE DID IT RIGHT ON THE EDGEFIELD COURTHOUSE STEPS. 599 00:37:43,261 --> 00:37:45,595 TODAY, EDGEFIELD COUNTY IS BETTER REMEMBERED 600 00:37:45,597 --> 00:37:48,798 AS THE BIRTHPLACE OF TEN SOUTH CAROLINA GOVERNORS, 601 00:37:48,800 --> 00:37:52,435 FIVE LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS, AND A NUMBER OF STATE SENATORS, 602 00:37:52,437 --> 00:37:54,504 INCLUDING THE OLDEST AND LONGEST ONE 603 00:37:54,506 --> 00:37:58,275 TO SERVE IN THE STATE'S HISTORY: STROM THURMOND. 604 00:37:58,277 --> 00:38:00,877 WEST OF EDGEFIELD, THESE PEACEFUL WATERS 605 00:38:00,879 --> 00:38:03,680 HAVE BEEN NAMED IN THURMOND'S HONOR. 606 00:38:03,682 --> 00:38:07,384 STROM THURMOND LAKE COVERS 71,000 ACRES 607 00:38:07,386 --> 00:38:11,321 AND IS SURROUNDED BY A 1,200-MILE SHORELINE. 608 00:38:11,323 --> 00:38:15,125 IT'S ONE OF THE LARGEST INLAND BODIES OF WATER IN THE SOUTH. 609 00:38:15,127 --> 00:38:17,160 AND WHILE IT MAY NOT LOOK LIKE IT, 610 00:38:17,162 --> 00:38:20,297 THE LAKE IS ENTIRELY MANMADE. 611 00:38:22,800 --> 00:38:25,201 IT WAS CREATED WHEN THE U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS 612 00:38:25,203 --> 00:38:28,438 BUILT THE STROM THURMOND DAM ON THE SAVANNAH RIVER 613 00:38:28,440 --> 00:38:31,908 IN ORDER TO STOP FLOODING IN COMMUNITIES DOWNSTREAM 614 00:38:31,910 --> 00:38:34,611 AND TO PROVIDE POWER FOR THE STATE. 615 00:38:40,651 --> 00:38:43,653 THE SAVANNAH RIVER STRETCHES OVER 300 MILES-- 616 00:38:43,655 --> 00:38:45,889 FROM THE FOOTHILLS OF THE BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAINS 617 00:38:45,891 --> 00:38:48,758 ALL THE WAY TO THE ATLANTIC. 618 00:38:48,760 --> 00:38:53,763 THE RIVER DIVIDES SOUTH CAROLINA FROM GEORGIA TO THE SOUTH. 619 00:38:53,765 --> 00:38:57,467 LYING IN THE MIDST OF THIS SEEMINGLY PRISTINE WILDERNESS 620 00:38:57,469 --> 00:39:01,104 IS A VAST, ONCE TOP SECRET INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX 621 00:39:01,106 --> 00:39:03,807 THAT COVERS 300 SQUARE MILES. 622 00:39:05,776 --> 00:39:07,510 THE SAVANNAH RIVER SITE WAS BUILT 623 00:39:07,512 --> 00:39:11,881 BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY IN THE 1950s. 624 00:39:11,883 --> 00:39:16,252 FOR DECADES, UP TO FIVE GIANT REACTORS PRODUCED 40% 625 00:39:16,254 --> 00:39:20,457 OF THE PLUTONIUM USED TO BUILD THE NATION'S NUCLEAR WEAPONS. 626 00:39:22,226 --> 00:39:25,261 TODAY THE REACTORS AND THE SITE'S OTHER PROCESSING PLANTS 627 00:39:25,263 --> 00:39:26,896 HAVE BEEN SHUT DOWN. 628 00:39:26,898 --> 00:39:31,501 THEY WERE TOO OLD TO OPERATE WITHOUT EXPENSIVE REPAIRS. 629 00:39:31,503 --> 00:39:33,503 AND THE SITE IS NOW CONTAMINATED 630 00:39:33,505 --> 00:39:37,340 WITH TENS OF MILLIONS OF GALLONS OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE. 631 00:39:37,342 --> 00:39:42,545 THE PLAN IS TO ENTOMB THE OLD REACTORS AND SEAL OFF THE WASTE. 632 00:39:42,547 --> 00:39:45,648 BUT THAT'S EXPECTED TO TAKE A VAST AMOUNT OF CEMENT-- 633 00:39:45,650 --> 00:39:50,487 ENOUGH TO FILL FOUR HOME DEPOT STORES RIGHT UP TO THEIR ROOFS. 634 00:39:58,062 --> 00:40:01,364 60 MILES UP THE COAST FROM THE MOUTH OF THE SAVANNAH 635 00:40:01,366 --> 00:40:03,433 IS SOUTH CAROLINA'S WADMALAW ISLAND, 636 00:40:03,435 --> 00:40:07,270 HOME TO A UNIQUE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT. 637 00:40:07,272 --> 00:40:08,805 IN THE LATE 19th CENTURY, 638 00:40:08,807 --> 00:40:10,507 THE AMERICAN DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 639 00:40:10,509 --> 00:40:13,943 WAS SEARCHING FOR NEW FINANCIALLY VIABLE CROPS. 640 00:40:13,945 --> 00:40:20,083 UNTIL THEN, ALMOST ALL OF AMERICA'S TEA CAME FROM ASIA. 641 00:40:20,085 --> 00:40:23,153 THEY DISCOVERED THAT SOUTH CAROLINA'S HUMID CLIMATE 642 00:40:23,155 --> 00:40:28,458 AND SANDY SOIL COULD BE PERFECT FOR GROWING HIGH QUALITY TEA. 643 00:40:28,460 --> 00:40:32,095 BUT THE LABOR COST OF PICKING THE TEA LEAVES IN SOUTH CAROLINA 644 00:40:32,097 --> 00:40:36,366 WAS EIGHT TIMES MORE EXPENSIVE THAN IT WAS IN CHINA OR INDIA, 645 00:40:36,368 --> 00:40:40,970 AND AFTER JUST FOUR YEARS THE VENTURE WAS SHUT DOWN. 646 00:40:40,972 --> 00:40:45,742 HOWEVER, ANOTHER TEA PLANTATION WAS FOUNDED NEARBY IN 1888, 647 00:40:45,744 --> 00:40:51,281 PRODUCING AWARD-WINNING TEAS UNTIL ITS OWNER'S DEATH IN 1915. 648 00:40:51,283 --> 00:40:54,884 THEN, THE TEA PLANTS GREW WILD UNTIL THEY WERE TRANSPLANTED 649 00:40:54,886 --> 00:40:59,823 AND CULTIVATED BY THE LIPTON TEA COMPANY IN 1963. 650 00:40:59,825 --> 00:41:02,158 FEARING THE INSTABILITY OF THE THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES 651 00:41:02,160 --> 00:41:05,595 THAT PRODUCED SO MUCH OF ITS TEA, LIPTON WANTED TO EXPERIMENT 652 00:41:05,597 --> 00:41:08,765 WITH CREATING ITS OWN WORKING TEA FARM. 653 00:41:08,767 --> 00:41:10,767 THE COMPANY EVENTUALLY SOLD THE VENTURE, 654 00:41:10,769 --> 00:41:13,970 BUT TODAY THE TEA PLANTATION REMAINS IN OPERATION 655 00:41:13,972 --> 00:41:17,407 AS THE COUNTRY'S ONLY COMMERCIAL TEA GARDEN. 656 00:41:17,409 --> 00:41:20,210 THE AMERICAN CLASSIC BRAND OF TEA THAT IT PRODUCES 657 00:41:20,212 --> 00:41:23,246 IS THE OFFICIAL TEA OF THE WHITE HOUSE. 658 00:41:26,717 --> 00:41:29,619 SOUTHWEST IS ANOTHER BARRIER ISLAND 659 00:41:29,621 --> 00:41:34,424 THAT ONCE PRODUCED THE FINEST COTTON IN THE WORLD. 660 00:41:34,426 --> 00:41:38,127 HILTON HEAD ISLAND COVERS MORE THAN 40 SQUARE MILES, 661 00:41:38,129 --> 00:41:42,031 AND IS ONE OF THE LARGEST BARRIER ISLANDS ON THE COAST. 662 00:41:42,033 --> 00:41:44,534 IT'S HAD MANY INHABITANTS OVER THE CENTURIES, 663 00:41:44,536 --> 00:41:48,571 INCLUDING NATIVE AMERICANS AND SPANISH EXPLORERS. 664 00:41:48,573 --> 00:41:50,406 BUT IT WASN'T UNTIL THE BRITISH COTTON PLANTERS 665 00:41:50,408 --> 00:41:52,709 ARRIVED HERE AROUND 1800 666 00:41:52,711 --> 00:41:58,548 THAT THE ISLAND DEVELOPED INTO AN ECONOMIC POWERHOUSE. 667 00:41:58,550 --> 00:42:00,984 MORE THAN 20 PLANTATIONS HAD SPRUNG UP, 668 00:42:00,986 --> 00:42:02,619 INCLUDING THE FIRST IN AMERICA 669 00:42:02,621 --> 00:42:05,221 TO GROW EXTRA-LONG STAPLE COTTON, 670 00:42:05,223 --> 00:42:08,758 BETTER KNOWN AS EGYPTIAN COTTON. 671 00:42:08,760 --> 00:42:11,027 COTTON MAY NO LONGER BE KING HERE, 672 00:42:11,029 --> 00:42:14,797 BUT THE ISLAND IS STILL AN ECONOMIC POWERHOUSE. 673 00:42:14,799 --> 00:42:19,302 EVERY YEAR, TOURISTS PUMP ROUGHLY 1.5 BILLION DOLLARS 674 00:42:19,304 --> 00:42:21,838 INTO HILTON HEAD'S ECONOMY. 675 00:42:26,043 --> 00:42:27,510 JUST NORTH OF HILTON HEAD 676 00:42:27,512 --> 00:42:31,848 LIES ONE OF THE TOUGHEST PLACES ON EARTH. 677 00:42:31,850 --> 00:42:34,684 PARRIS ISLAND HAD BEEN HOME TO THE U.S. MARINE CORPS 678 00:42:34,686 --> 00:42:36,486 SINCE 1891. 679 00:42:38,556 --> 00:42:41,658 IT'S HERE WHERE NEWLY ENLISTED RECRUITS ARE TURNED INTO MARINES 680 00:42:41,660 --> 00:42:44,527 IN JUST 13 WEEKS. 681 00:42:44,529 --> 00:42:46,996 TODAY, DRILL INSTRUCTORS TRAIN AN ESTIMATED 682 00:42:46,998 --> 00:42:52,035 19,000 MEN AND WOMEN AT PARRIS ISLAND EACH YEAR. 683 00:42:52,037 --> 00:42:54,637 THE HUMORIST ART BUCHWALD, A FORMER MARINE 684 00:42:54,639 --> 00:42:56,539 WHO GOT HIS TRAINING AT PARRIS ISLAND, 685 00:42:56,541 --> 00:43:00,677 DESCRIBED HIS EXPERIENCE THERE AS, "A VERY PAINFUL ONE, 686 00:43:00,679 --> 00:43:04,681 WHICH IS EXACTLY HOW THE MARINES INTENDED IT TO BE." 687 00:43:04,683 --> 00:43:06,849 ITS PURPOSE HE SAID WAS TO "BREAK YOU DOWN, 688 00:43:06,851 --> 00:43:09,118 AND THEN REBUILD YOU INTO A SOLDIER 689 00:43:09,120 --> 00:43:10,687 WHO WILL NEVER QUESTION AN ORDER, 690 00:43:10,689 --> 00:43:12,622 WHO WILL ALWAYS WORRY ABOUT THEIR BUDDY, 691 00:43:12,624 --> 00:43:16,893 AND WHO SOMEDAY WILL WALK AS TALL AS JOHN WAYNE." 692 00:43:23,567 --> 00:43:26,369 IN MARCH 1971, JOE FRAZIER 693 00:43:26,371 --> 00:43:28,671 BECAME A HOUSEHOLD NAME AROUND THE WORLD 694 00:43:28,673 --> 00:43:31,140 WHEN HE KNOCKED DOWN MUHAMMAD ALI IN ROUND 15 695 00:43:31,142 --> 00:43:34,010 AT MADISON SQUARE GARDEN. 696 00:43:34,012 --> 00:43:36,512 FRAZIER WAS BORN HERE IN BEAUFORT, 697 00:43:36,514 --> 00:43:39,749 SOUTH CAROLINA'S SECOND OLDEST TOWN. 698 00:43:39,751 --> 00:43:41,718 ITS QUAINT, HISTORIC STREETS AND HOUSES 699 00:43:41,720 --> 00:43:44,787 HAVE MADE THIS TOWN AN IDEAL MOVIE SET. 700 00:43:44,789 --> 00:43:47,223 FILMS LIKE FORREST GUMP, THE BIG CHILL, 701 00:43:47,225 --> 00:43:50,159 AND PRINCE OF TIDES WERE ALL SHOT HERE. 702 00:43:50,161 --> 00:43:52,595 CELEBRITIES OFTEN STAY AT THE RHETT HOUSE INN 703 00:43:52,597 --> 00:43:53,930 ON CRAVEN STREET, 704 00:43:53,932 --> 00:43:59,836 A CLASSIC 1820 PLANTATION HOUSE TURNED LUXURY HOTEL. 705 00:43:59,838 --> 00:44:01,337 DURING THE CIVIL WAR, 706 00:44:01,339 --> 00:44:05,508 BEAUFORT WAS MORE FORTUNATE THAN MANY OF ITS NEIGHBORING TOWNS. 707 00:44:05,510 --> 00:44:06,676 WHEREVER THEY WENT, 708 00:44:06,678 --> 00:44:10,713 NORTHERN TROOPS LEFT A PATH OF DESTRUCTION. 709 00:44:10,715 --> 00:44:12,582 BUT THE ARMY SPARED BEAUFORT, 710 00:44:12,584 --> 00:44:15,752 USING IT INSTEAD AS A UNION HEADQUARTERS. 711 00:44:15,754 --> 00:44:19,656 AS A RESULT, MANY OF THE CITY'S HISTORIC ANTEBELLUM BUILDINGS 712 00:44:19,658 --> 00:44:21,391 HAVE BEEN PRESERVED. 713 00:44:23,894 --> 00:44:29,232 FROM ITS BARRIER ISLANDS, ALONG ITS PRISTINE BEACHES, 714 00:44:29,234 --> 00:44:34,971 AND INLAND ACROSS ITS GIANT FLOODPLAIN FOREST, 715 00:44:34,973 --> 00:44:39,042 SOUTH CAROLINA IS AS MUCH DEFINED BY ITS WILD SPACES 716 00:44:39,044 --> 00:44:43,579 AS IT IS BY THE HISTORY WOVEN INTO ITS EARTH. 717 00:44:43,581 --> 00:44:47,650 TO SEE SOUTH CAROLINA BY AIR IS A CHANCE TO EXPLORE 718 00:44:47,652 --> 00:44:50,053 THE TRUE SPIRIT OF THE SOUTH. 719 00:44:50,055 --> 00:44:52,922 FROM THE ELEGANT STREETS OF CHARLESTON, 720 00:44:52,924 --> 00:44:57,093 TO THE ROUGH FRONTIER VILLAGES OF EARLY PIONEERS, 721 00:44:57,095 --> 00:44:58,828 TO THE GIANT PLANTATIONS 722 00:44:58,830 --> 00:45:02,031 THAT BUILT SOME OF AMERICA'S BIGGEST FORTUNES, 723 00:45:02,033 --> 00:45:05,168 AND THE STORIES OF THOSE WHO WERE BROUGHT UNWILLINGLY 724 00:45:05,170 --> 00:45:06,903 TO ITS SHORES... 725 00:45:06,905 --> 00:45:09,372 AERIAL SOUTH CAROLINA TRAVELS ACROSS 726 00:45:09,374 --> 00:45:12,141 AMERICA'S SMALLEST SOUTHERN STATE 727 00:45:12,143 --> 00:45:16,646 WHOSE STORIES ARE AS BIG AS THE NATION ITSELF. 56174

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