All language subtitles for Pope The Most Powerful s01e06 Courage, Change.eng

[dramatic music]

♪

male narrator: One of the most
powerful men on Earth

holds a position
that has existed

for nearly 2,000 years.

♪

As the world changes
and faith evolves,

his authority remains.

What began with one apostle

has become
1.2 billion followers

under one man.

He is the head
of the Catholic Church,

the pope,

and this is his path to power.

♪

In this episode,

a young man of faith

challenges the tyranny
of communism,

changes the face
of the Catholic Church,

and reimagines the future
of the oldest office on Earth.

John Paul II is perhaps
the most recognizable pope

of the modern era.

- Deliver us, Lord,
from every evil.

narrator: Often called
the TV Pope,

he brings the papacy directly
into the homes of Catholics

and non-Catholics alike.

Over the course
of his 28-year reign,

John Paul II makes the Pope
an international icon.

- I would challenge anyone
to think of the names of two

or three Popes before JP II.

No pope,
under any circumstance,

has ever had the impact
that JP II had.

narrator: Before John Paul II,

the papacy is a quiet vestige
of an ancient tradition.

Popes are religious
figureheads

atop a hill in Rome,

notorious for
their measured diplomacy

in the face of war
and injustice.

- In the earlier part
of last century,

secular society wouldn't
listen to papal authority,

and the papacy
became insulated.

- The Pope seemed
to be very far away.

The Pope didn't seem to be
involved in your everyday life.

narrator: But Karol Wojtyla,
the young Polish scholar

who will become John Paul II,

changes the face of
the Catholic church forever.

- His mother died when he was
eight years old.

His brother died
shortly after that.

He was raised by his father
in a very pious household.

His father was a man of deep
prayer, a man of piety.

Wojtyla once referred to his
home as his first seminary.

- He prayed every day.

There was a kneeler
in their living room.

- He was a very deeply
spiritual and religious man,

even as a young man.

narrator: In 1938, 18-year-old

Wojtyla moves to Krakow

to attend
the Jagiellonian University.

- Wojtyla, as a young man,
wanted to be an actor.

- He wanted to study theater
and literature,

but he's only able
to do that for a year.

- The Nazis invade Poland.

- World War II begins.

It was the Nazis' goal
to eviscerate Polish culture,

so the Jagiellonian University
in Krakow is closed.

narrator: With his life
and country in turmoil,

Wojtyla remains
grounded in his faith

and searches
for a creative outlet.

- He gathered together with
others in an acting troupe

that met in secret.

It was really plays
that combined religious

and themes of Christ
with anti-Nazi resistance.

- They call it
the Rhapsodic Theater.

narrator:
But in February 1941,

Wojtyla returns home
to find his father,

his only remaining relative,
dead of a heart attack.

- He writes at one point that,
"At the age of 20,

I lost everyone I ever loved."

So he has to deal with
this incredible adversity

of the Nazis

and no college to attend
without any family members.

- It is profoundly affecting
this young man

who is deeply religious.

He wanted a different
kind of Catholicism

than just going
to church on Sunday.

- This becomes the catalyst for
Karol, which he had to think

about a vocation
to the priesthood.

- But he had to make
up his mind.

Did he want to be a priest,
or did he want to be an actor?

He decided that the priesthood
was his calling.

- He joins up with this
underground seminary

at great risk to his life.

I think if these people
were found out by the Nazis,

they would probably
be put to death.

narrator: As war rages
around him...

Wojtyla continues to study
for the priesthood in secret,

until finally, in 1945,
the Allies liberate Poland,

and the Nazis flee.

But as Polish society
attempts to rebuild,

a new regime rises to fill
the political vacuum,

the Soviet Communist
government.

- The Polish church had been
almost destroyed

under the Nazis

and then suppressed again
under the communism.

- Communism means the state
rules over all,

and that faith is frowned upon

because that takes you away

from the imperative
of the good of the people.

Your faith is put into
the state

instead of being put into God.

People thought of communism as
a religion in and of itself,

and so for Karol Wojtyla,
this becomes a very big deal.

- Imagine being ruled
in succession by Nazism

and then suddenly by communism.

narrator: Religion
is not outlawed,

but the communist regime

distributes
anti-religious propaganda

and continues
persecuting clergymen.

- The church in Eastern Europe
had to operate

silently, under
government control.

- Wojtyla insisted

that the person has
priority over the state,

but that was a message
that was very unwelcome

in Communist Poland
at the time.

There is this defiance
that takes shape

at a very early age.

narrator: Wojtyla holds secret
masses in the mountains,

preaching the importance

of spirituality
and religious freedom

to his young congregation.

- Karol Wojtyla would have been
happy to be a parish priest

for his whole life,

but that wasn't to be.

- Particularly because of his
counseling to young people,

he became greatly respected by
the hierarchy of the Vatican.

narrator: In 1958, he is named
Auxiliary Bishop of Krakow.

- The other Bishops
and Cardinals said,

"This is someone who has
a lot of promise."

narrator: And in 1962,
the young bishop from Poland

will make a splash
at a Vatican Council,

where he catches not only
the attention of the Pope,

but the entire world.

narrator: The Catholic Church
is an institution

rooted in traditions
of the past,

but the 1960s were
a time of radical social

and political change.

- Beginnings of when we start
to see priests and nuns

marching in the
Civil Rights Movement,

nuns ditching their habits

and wearing street
clothes to teach.

- The world is changing,

and the church has
to change to keep up

with what's going
on in the world.

The church needed renewal.
Needed updating.

male announcer: This is
the first Ecumenical Council

in 92 years and only
the second in 400 years.

It is solemnly opened
as Pope John XXIII--

narrator: In 1962, officials
from all over the world

gather in St. Peter's Basilica
for a series of meetings

that will shake the foundation
of Catholicism.

The event is called
The Second Vatican Council,

or Vatican II.

- Vatican II is the biggest
story in the Catholic Church

of the last 200 years.

It called for
a decentralization

of Church authority.

- It suggested that the church
might be run in different ways.

It produced liturgy in which
people could worship

in their own languages.

It also, very cautiously,

began to think about
the position of women

in the church.

- It called for an intensified
dialogue with Protestants

and with non-Christians.

It called for a healing
with the Jews,

greater sensitivity in foreign
missions to the local cultures,

a total pivot of a church

that for 200 years
considered modernity suspect.

narrator: During Vatican II,
Karol Wojtyla

makes an impression
on top Vatican officials.

- Dear brothers and sisters,
a warm welcome to you all.

- He was an eager participant
who often spoke.

- He was able to take part

in many of the debates about
theology and ecclesiology.

They came to recognize him
as a man who could speak

about the faith
with courage and clarity.

They came to appreciate
his charismatic character,

his personal magnetism.

narrator: In 1967, Wojtyla
is appointed Cardinal,

adding momentum to his ongoing
fight for religious freedom

under communist
tyranny in Poland.

- He wanted to build
a church in Nowa Huta,

and the communists said no,

but he wouldn't take
no for an answer.

narrator: Wojtyla erects
a large cross

in the center of town,

but communist
authorities remove it.

He erects another cross,
and again, it is removed.

- He was a very
persistent man,

so he's gonna try
everything in his power

to get the church built.

narrator: The struggle
goes on for a decade,

but eventually, with the help
of hundreds of volunteers,

the church is built
and becomes a symbol

of unwavering faith

in the face of
communist persecution.

- He was always trying to carve
out space for church freedom.

- He just believed
that ultimately,

truth and justice
are going to prevail.

- Wojtyla had taken
on the communists.

narrator: In August 1978 a new
pope, John Paul I, is elected.

- In an extraordinary
turn of events,

he has a massive heart attack,
dies in his sleep.

- John Paul I dies
after 30 days.

You have to have
another election immediately.

- The cardinals saw the death
of John Paul I

as a message from God that
maybe they needed to think

in a little bit more
of an unconventional way.

Why elect a non-Italian
Slavic Pope

to make this radical change
from the past?

- And that election brings
forth Karol Wojtyla,

who comes to be John Paul II.

- The conclave that
elected him,

they didn't know what
they were gonna get.

narrator: In October 1978,
after a conclave lasting only

two days,

58-year-old Karol Wojtyla
takes the name

John Paul II
to honor his predecessor.

- He was young, he was
vigorous, boundless energy,

and this tremendous sense

of having survived two
totalitarian regimes.

John Paul II was a larger
then life person.

who said,
"Open your hearts to Christ."

I think it was watched by
millions of people

and hundreds of thousands
went to St Peter's Square.

It was a rather
extraordinary event.

- [speaking foreign language]

- The feeling in the square

was one of amazement
and some confusion.

Who was this guy, Wojtyla?

- The election of JP II
really just gave Poland

an electrifying jolt forward.

narrator: Under the thumb
of the Soviets, Karol Wojtyla

had rarely been able
to speak to large audiences,

but as John Paul II,

his inaugural papal address is
broadcast all over the world,

and on this stage,

he gives a special message
to his homeland.

- He said, "Be not afraid."

- [speaking foreign language]

- The idea to the modern Poland

in the late 1970s of

"be not afraid"
carried enormous impact.

"Don't pay any attention
to those communist rats

that are oppressing you."

- Now that he's Pope,
communists realize

he was gonna cause
more problems for them.

narrator: With the power
of the Church at his disposal,

Pope John Paul II prepares
to face communism head on.

narrator: In 1978,

the U.S. and the Soviet Union
reign as global superpowers.

Communism and democracy
stand at odds,

and the world teeters
on the edge of nuclear war.

In the Vatican,
a Pope who came of age

under Soviet
oppression in Poland,

brings a fresh and hopeful
voice to the world stage.

- I can still remember
the elation of his early years

and the tremendous sense

that God had sent us
a megastar as Pope.

He brought this vision
to the church.

- When Pope John Paul II
was elected,

he pushed the church's
influence into areas

where the church
had never had a voice before.

- The Vatican realizes
that having its own media--

they have a daily newspaper,
the Vatican Radio,

they have a press office--

it's another way
to get the message out.

- He took the papacy
to the people.

He became the evangelizer
in chief.

narrator: Media and technology
allow his pontificate

to reach the furthest
corners of the globe.

- This was a real break
from the past

because Popes
kept to themselves,

but Pope John Paul II was
determined to get out there

and let people see him.

It marked a real change
in the papacy.

- His access is a completely
different kind of access.

The Pope became
a household figure

instead of this
distant robed figure

who lived behind the walls
of Vatican City.

- His outgoing personality,
his training as an actor,

all of that becomes a way

to make people
feel like the Pope

means something to me.

narrator: As the Pope's
message of freedom and faith

permeates the West,

the Soviets tighten their grip
on the Eastern Bloc.

John Paul II, the first
Polish pope in history,

acts as a beacon of hope
to his ravaged homeland.

- For Poland, this was a
triumph of the Polish church,

which had been suppressed
under the Nazis

and then suppressed again
under the communists.

- This young man who's
remembering the life

that he had in Poland
under communism

and wanting to really
rid the world

of what he considered
to be a scourge.

narrator: In
the spring of 1979,

under the watchful eye
of communist authorities,

John Paul II makes his first
visit as Pope to Poland.

Millions watch
the historic event on TV,

including future U.S.
president Ronald Reagan.

- I happened to be with
Ronald Reagan watching JP II

get off the airplane
in Poland...

Descend the steps, bend over,
and kiss the ground.

Really, really emotional.

I looked at Reagan,
and he had a tear in his eye.

I interpreted it as having
enormous historical experience.

- Reagan recognizes what this
pope represents

because Reagan,

of course,
is this anti-communist,

and he recognizes
this kindred soul

who he believes is gonna
change the world.

- [speaking foreign language]

narrator: An estimated
3 million people

attend his mass.

The Pope tells his countrymen

that they cannot be controlled
by their government.

He urges Polish Catholics
to persevere with the strength

that comes from faith.

- The people who had gathered
en masse began to sing

"We want God, we want God."

[crowd singing]

What could the authorities do?

The Pope's assistant
whispers to him

after a number of minutes,

"Perhaps we should put
an end to this,"

and the Pope said back,
"No, no, this is why I came."

- He spends nine days there,
nine very significant days.

He tells people,

"Don't listen to what
the government says about you.

"You're Poles,
you're Christians,

"and have a certain dignity

that the state
does not uphold."

This lit a spark

that led the Polish people
to resist communism.

- Two thirds of the people
of the population of Poland

saw him in person.

This was an
earthshattering event.

narrator: The Pope's visit
inspires an anti-communist

uprising called Solidarity.

- He supports the Solidarity
Movement in Poland.

He's able to move forward

the movement against
communism in Eastern Europe.

- There are strikes,

the workers are
demanding a union,

and the Pope supports them.

Unions and totalitarian
systems can't coexist.

The two don't go together,

so the Soviet Union
saw him as a real threat.

They followed him.

There was a lot of
surveillance of his residence.

They're quite worried
about him.

narrator: Threats from
the soviets do not derail

John Paul II's mission.

He embarks upon a world tour.

- He makes the world
his parish.

- He is someone who was
seen in person

by more people than anyone
in the history of the Earth.

narrator: Popes had
traveled in the past,

but never before had
one Pope reached

so many people in
so many different places.

- I began flying on John Paul
II's jets around the world

as part of
the journalistic corps.

He visited 129 countries.
He logged over 700,000 miles.

He made 14 trips to Africa.

During that time, the Catholic
population of Africa doubled.

- Huge screens, rock
and roll screens up behind him.

Today it might seem,
"Well, everybody does that."

Not when he started to do it.

The idea of a Pope in stadiums
all over the world--

he had a great
understanding of his power.

narrator: John Paul II drives
through the streets

in what will come to be known
as the Popemobile,

an open vehicle

allowing the Pope to truly
connect with the millions

who flocked to see him.

- It wasn't glassed in
or anything like that.

He would reach out
to the crowds.

He'd pick up babies.

Mingle with people
in a very different way

than when he's standing
behind an altar.

This left him open,
but it also left him open

in ways that may be dangerous.

narrator: As the Pope reaches
more and more people,

and his message of defiance
becomes louder,

the target on his back
becomes larger.

narrator: As John Paul II
tours the world,

spreading his message
of faith and freedom,

the superstar Pope amasses
millions of adoring fans--

and one powerful enemy.

- The Pope, former Cardinal
Karol Wojtyla of Poland,

shot today
in serious condition.

narrator: In the middle
of a cheering crowd

in St Peter's Square...

Pope John Paul II is shot.

[crowd screaming]

The shooter is immediately
apprehended and arrested.

- The bullet misses the main
artery by fractions of inches.

He always credits Blessed
Mother with saving him.

One hand fired,
but another guided the bullet,

and that other
is the Blessed Mother.

narrator: The would-be
assassin claims the order

to kill the Pope
came down from the KGB,

a bombshell accusation
that Italian police

are never able to prove.

- Whether there were orders
from Moscow,

nobody's ever been able
to find them,

but the Soviets,

they understood
what a threat he was.

I think the most
credible explanation

is that the would-be assassin

undertook
an opportunistic moment

to carry out
what the Soviets wanted.

narrator: Eventually,
Pope John Paul II

visits his shooter in prison.

- He decides to meet with
the man who tries to kill him.

He's offering forgiveness
to this person

who has done this
horrible thing to him.

That's a profound moment.

- That's justice
for an unjust act.

Yet the Holy Father
shows him mercy

by forgiving him,

and it says something
about leadership.

It's about sacrifice on behalf
of the people you lead.

narrator: Just 22 days after
eluding death, the resilient

Pope returns to the Vatican.

- His papacy is not
adversely affected

in any significant way

by the assassination attempt.

There's a short interruption,
but he continues to travel.

narrator: In June 1981,

the Kremlin declares
martial law in Poland.

Thousands of activists
are jailed,

and almost 100 members
of the Solidarity Movement

are killed.

- He grew up under Nazism,
and then communism

further represses
Polish society.

That's his formation.
This is his culture.

He wants to try to restore

this fundamental
principle of justice.

- Pope John Paul II
sees a people

that are oppressed
by the Soviet Union,

and he sees something
that is wrong,

and he wants to set it right.

narrator: Breaking
with hundreds of years

of Vatican
political neutrality,

Pope John Paul II meets
with President Ronald Reagan,

determined to unite
in a common mission.

- So, many people thought
Ronald Reagan had to be

a Catholic, but wasn't.

- As you know, Your Holiness,

this is my first visit
to Europe as president.

- Reagan had a basic desire
to throw off

the shackles of communism,

and the Pope is
an international figure

who has enormous
moral suasion and force,

and he wanted to do something,

so there was
a combination of forces.

narrator: The Vatican
and White House

work together to fund the
Polish Solidarity Movement.

- John Paul II would show up
in major cities

where the Solidarity Movement
was strong,

and there would be
a million people

there listening
to his every word,

and every time he used
the word Solidarity,

they knew he was
speaking their language.

- The Solidarity Movement
probably would have died

but were it not for

the involvement
of Reagan and the Pope,

a holy alliance
between the Church

and the Reagan presidency,

to help undermine
communism in Poland.

narrator: With the support
of Reagan and the Pope,

Solidarity membership grows
to more than ten million.

In July 1983, the movement
overthrows the Polish military

and martial law is lifted.

The Pope is praised all over
the world as a brave activist,

capable of catalyzing
real global change.

- It was a convergence
of time,

and the commitment of will
by the Holy Father,

the commitment of the United
States made this possible.

Just an extraordinary moment.

- It's because of actions
he took in Poland,

that really sets forward
a chain of events

that helps lead to the fall
of the Berlin Wall

and the collapse
of the Soviet Union.

narrator: John Paul II
fundamentally changes

the role of the papacy
for generations to come.

He takes an institution
known for its quiet piety

in the face of war and tragedy

and uses the platform
to change history.

- This doesn't mean that
every one of his decisions

as Pope was perfect.

It doesn't mean
he never made mistakes.

- John Paul II made the papacy
glamorous and exciting.

But the danger now is that
people remember the glamour,

and they don't recognize

the really serious
defects in his papacy.

He did nothing about
the sexual abuse

by priests all over the world,

not just here
in the United States.

- He did not seek
to aggressively investigate,

didn't much want
to know about it,

and it's a stain.

- He knew how to be heroic
in front of tyranny,

but he could never really grasp

how to deal with
the modern Western World.

narrator: In a world rapidly
changing its views

on civil rights
and sexual freedom,

John Paul II's social policies
remained deeply traditional.

- He spoke out about
human rights

almost everywhere he went,

but John Paul II
did not hesitate

to wade into
controversial issues--

the reproductive rights,
population control--

and he was known as somewhat
an authoritarian.

- He shut down debates
on major issues.

He wanted everybody
to believe what he believed.

- The great irony of John
Paul II's papacy

is that while he tried
to boost papal authority,

at his death,

despite the millions
at his funeral,

papal authority was lower
and respect for the papacy

was lower than at any time
in recent history.

He was a rock star,

but even people
who respected the papacy

knew they couldn't
trust it anymore.

- It took his successors
to finally say,

"We must deal with this."

narrator: Despite all
he accomplished,

John Paul II's
successors are tasked

with renewing the world's
faith in a broken church.

narrator: At the beginning
of the 20th century,

popes keep quiet in the face
of secular unrest.

But John Paul II
uses his platform

to ignite real change
in the name of faith

and human rights.

- We now, today, expect the
Pope to be a global spokesman

for people who are oppressed.

We expect him
to be a moral voice.

That is, in part,
the legacy of John Paul II.

narrator: Although
he is responsible

for making the Pope a player
on the world stage,

he is also responsible
for many of the obstacles

the modern papacy
is still working to overcome.

- He had a tendency to regard
any other view

of being a Catholic
as a piece of treachery.

- He came down hard
on some issues

that were not popular,
like birth control.

With Pope Benedict,
we got more of the same.

Benedict was a teacher
and a very doctrinal Pope.

- Benedict was one of
the cleverest Popes

in papal history,

one of the best educated,

but he was scared by
the revolutionary energies

which Vatican II unleashed,

and he spent his day
fighting against that.

Benedict could not see
that the tide will come in,

and there's nothing
you can do about it.

narrator: Pope Benedict XVI
is known as a scholar.

Through his prolific writings,

he defends fundamental
Christian values

and rarely travels
or makes public appearances.

- John Paul II makes it very
difficult for his successors.

Benedict XVI was more
of a theologian.

This is a strenuous
position for him

because he's not
the kind of guy

who's out
in front of the camera.

It's difficult for him.

He doesn't have that
same kind of charisma.

narrator: In 2013,

unable to meet the demands
of the modern papacy,

Benedict XVI resigns.

- Benedict resigns chiefly
because he could not keep up.

narrator: After Benedict's
resignation,

the College of Cardinals

realizes that the church
needs a progressive voice.

The first Jesuit Pope
and the first Pope

to come from the Americas
is elected.

- Francis is a tremendously
interesting man in that

he is Argentinian.

- There's a simplicity
and a humanity.

- As a cardinal, as a Bishop,

he went into dangerous areas.

He shared people's lives
and homes and meals with them.

It's part of a larger movement

within the South
American clergy

to ally themselves with the
poor, unlike any other Popes.

narrator: With Pope Francis
comes an era

of unprecedented change.

he has made revolutionary
statements about divorce,

birth control,

even offered forgiveness for
women who've had abortions.

He also rejects traditional
church pomp and circumstance.

- Right off the bat, of
course, Francis rode the bus

with the Cardinals,

refused the chauffeured car;

he kept his old pair
of black shoes.

These are small, token things,

but in the popular
imagination of Catholics,

they count for quite a bit.

- Giving communion to divorced
Catholics who were remarried,

trying to say that homosexuals

who are trying to follow
Christ in their lives

should not be spoken against.

This is what gives him
his tremendous popularity,

his ability to talk to all
sorts of different people,

and to listen.

- His project is to get
the church to grow up,

to live with difficulty of
difference, to be more open,

to be more welcoming
and more merciful,

and he's having to use
all the weight of the papacy

to achieve that.

narrator: Francis
continues to challenge

some of the core tenets
of Catholicism.

As the world changes
faster than ever before,

how will he lead this ancient
office into the future?

narrator: 2,000 years ago,

one could not have
envisioned the world

contemporary popes
would have to navigate,

and yet, John Paul II,
Benedict XVI and Francis,

have reimagined the ancient
institution in a modern world.

- The papacy is a complex
institution.

It develops even in spite
of some of the popes.

- From day one, Pope Francis
said the papacy

has to be adapted
to modern times.

He has let it be known
that the church's main role

is not to issue decrees,
rules and documents,

but to get as close
as possible to everyday people.

narrator: With 21st
century technology,

the papacy is able to reach
more everyday people

than ever before.

- The Pope's on Twitter,

and when we thought
about a Twitter handle,

one of the titles
of the pope is pontifex,

which is an old title
of the Roman Emperor

which is about
the bridge builder,

and we thought bridge building
would be a nice image,

because what the pope
was trying to do

in social media
was build bridges.

- His predecessor,
John Paul II,

had answers before
the questions had been asked.

Francis is a listener.

- We're trying to build now
is a structure

where if somebody has
a question out of an interest,

or as happens very often,
the pope tweets

and there's somebody
coming back saying,

"My child is sick, could
somebody pray for my child?"

We're trying to get
communities around the world

to give a response
to the people

so that our communication
isn't just one way.

It's interactive.

- A Pope embracing change
can move the world.

narrator: The last three men
to hold the Holy Office

have taken
an ancient tradition

and translated it
for a modern era.

- John Paul throws open
the doors of the papacy

and says we will engage
at the highest level.

Then you have Benedict who
is a professor, who revives

the great philosophical
tradition of the church.

And then you have Francis,
who said, "In God is mercy."

So in those three men,
we have the mind

and the soul and the heart,

and the combination, I think,

really present
a holistic picture

of what the papacy is,

especially in this modern time.

- The word pope comes from
the Greek, papas,

which means father.

- This is something
that in some eras

was probably lost when popes

acted like princes or kings

and ruled over their subjects,
but in the modern age,

I think it's come back
very much to the forefront.

Francis kids around
with people, he makes jokes,

he listens, takes selfies.

His whole mode of
being Pope is fatherly.

[children praying in unison]

narrator: 2,000 years after
God deems Peter the rock

upon which he would
build his church,

the papacy remains a beacon
of faith and unity.

- Being pope today is totally
different than being pope

in the early days
of the church,

but Peter is always
kept in mind

by every single person
who sits on Peter's throne.

- The reason the papacy has
been able to be so vibrant,

- Francis understands
what the papacy is,

but at the same time,
he's made it his own.

- We have generations of
young people who are not

going to automatically
join the church

just because their parents did.

Francis wants to bring
a new energy

and a whole new perspective
to get people's attention.

- He's been a huge
encouragement

to a huge number of Catholics

who have felt increasingly
ashamed of the institution,

worried by it,

and he's put a spring back

in the step of a great
many Catholics.

- If I could answer
the question of what's next,

that would be a very
marketable skill

that I could bring
anywhere in the world,

and I wouldn't presume
to know what's next.

The thing I'm interested--
how the patterns

of communication
are going to change things,

and I think we're only
at the beginning of that.

narrator: Throughout the ages,

popes have been
revered and disgraced.

Some have built walls while
others have torn them down,

but despite war and famine,

through enlightenment
and innovation,

the 266 men who've held
this sacred office

have made the pope

the most powerful man
in history.

Repair and Synchronization by
Easy Subtitles Synchronizer 1.0.0.0