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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:07,400 --> 00:00:10,119 (birds singing) 2 00:00:17,360 --> 00:00:20,398 (vehicles whooshing) 3 00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:28,074 Everyone is intimidated by a shark. Become a Card Shark AMERICASCARDROOM.COM 4 00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:47,516 (gentle instrumental music) 5 00:01:13,160 --> 00:01:15,754 (metal clanking) 6 00:02:15,520 --> 00:02:19,275 (lively instrumental music) 7 00:02:23,680 --> 00:02:26,354 - President Rios Montt and I have had a useful exchange 8 00:02:26,640 --> 00:02:28,756 of ideas on the problems of the region 9 00:02:29,080 --> 00:02:31,356 and on our bilateral relations. 10 00:03:22,040 --> 00:03:24,509 (birds singing) 11 00:03:31,600 --> 00:03:34,194 (rain drizzling) 12 00:04:05,840 --> 00:04:10,311 - This is a very normal scene for an exhumation. 13 00:04:10,640 --> 00:04:13,234 However, it's just as special as every other exhumation. 14 00:04:13,560 --> 00:04:16,074 These are at least three people. 15 00:04:16,400 --> 00:04:18,391 Three lives, three families. 16 00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:25,360 We are here at the families' request 17 00:04:25,640 --> 00:04:29,235 with their trust in what we're doing. (Crying) 18 00:04:34,320 --> 00:04:37,756 Many people come to the site with the hope 19 00:04:38,080 --> 00:04:40,310 that they will be able to learn what really happened 20 00:04:40,600 --> 00:04:41,874 to their loved ones. 21 00:04:42,160 --> 00:04:44,595 The hope that the body of that loved one will be identified 22 00:04:44,920 --> 00:04:46,433 and eventually given back to them 23 00:04:46,760 --> 00:04:51,277 so that they can bury it properly in a dignified way. 24 00:05:06,520 --> 00:05:08,511 (gentle instrumental music) 25 00:05:08,800 --> 00:05:10,393 Forensic Anthropology is the application 26 00:05:10,680 --> 00:05:14,469 of physical anthropology techniques to a criminal setting. 27 00:05:16,040 --> 00:05:19,954 To establish certain things like the age, the sex, 28 00:05:20,240 --> 00:05:23,517 but most importantly what makes it actually forensic 29 00:05:23,840 --> 00:05:27,959 is trying to understand how the person died. 30 00:05:28,240 --> 00:05:31,358 Although the recollection of evidence serves the purpose 31 00:05:31,680 --> 00:05:35,719 of justice, it serves the purpose of truth just as well. 32 00:05:38,480 --> 00:05:41,199 After we recover the body, we have to analyze that body 33 00:05:41,520 --> 00:05:44,751 and compare it to the information of the missing person 34 00:05:45,040 --> 00:05:49,079 that was forcibly disappeared or extralegally executed. 35 00:05:51,280 --> 00:05:52,759 And that's what happened here. 36 00:05:53,080 --> 00:05:55,720 These communities were targeted as a strategy 37 00:05:56,040 --> 00:05:57,553 to get rid of them. 38 00:06:03,600 --> 00:06:07,480 We have about 2,000 bodies stored in these cardboard boxes. 39 00:06:09,200 --> 00:06:13,319 The FAFG has conducted over 40 00:06:14,680 --> 00:06:16,717 From all the investigations we carried out, 41 00:06:17,000 --> 00:06:19,560 the Dos Erres investigation really stands out. 42 00:06:19,840 --> 00:06:22,480 Usually we are looking to identify the dead, 43 00:06:22,760 --> 00:06:25,036 but here we were looking for the living. 44 00:06:25,360 --> 00:06:27,397 We were looking for Oscar. 45 00:06:30,840 --> 00:06:34,470 - If you talk to people who know about what happened here, 46 00:06:34,760 --> 00:06:37,479 the Oscar story became kinda the poster child 47 00:06:37,760 --> 00:06:39,671 of the past in Guatemala. 48 00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:44,273 The Civil War in Guatemala was one of the longest civil wars 49 00:06:44,560 --> 00:06:48,110 in Central America. 50 00:06:48,400 --> 00:06:49,435 It started in the '50s 51 00:06:49,760 --> 00:06:53,310 when they deposed a democratically elected president 52 00:06:53,640 --> 00:06:54,710 that was basically engineered 53 00:06:55,000 --> 00:06:57,879 with the help of the United States. 54 00:06:58,160 --> 00:07:00,515 It was right on the heels of the Cuban revolution, 55 00:07:00,800 --> 00:07:04,509 so everybody's thinking that Guatemala is gonna become Cuba. 56 00:07:04,800 --> 00:07:07,360 - The question before us all is can freedom 57 00:07:07,640 --> 00:07:10,393 in the next generation conquer 58 00:07:10,680 --> 00:07:12,432 or are the Communists going to be successful? 59 00:07:12,720 --> 00:07:15,189 That's the great issue. 60 00:07:15,480 --> 00:07:18,518 - Jacobo Arbenz was the first elected leader 61 00:07:18,800 --> 00:07:21,474 to be overthrown by the United States government. 62 00:07:21,760 --> 00:07:25,833 And it created tremendous and very violent repercussions 63 00:07:27,080 --> 00:07:29,435 inside the country that lasted for decades, 64 00:07:29,760 --> 00:07:33,310 and in some senses still reverberate in Guatemala today. 65 00:07:33,600 --> 00:07:37,230 (energetic instrumental music) 66 00:07:37,560 --> 00:07:39,517 (guns firing) 67 00:07:39,800 --> 00:07:41,234 - The Guatemalan conflict stands out 68 00:07:41,560 --> 00:07:43,517 for the sheer volume of deaths, 69 00:07:43,800 --> 00:07:45,996 the brutality of the military, 70 00:07:46,280 --> 00:07:48,556 the one-sidedness of the conflict, 71 00:07:48,840 --> 00:07:51,354 basically the Guatemalan military against leftist guerillas. 72 00:07:51,640 --> 00:07:53,517 And so the US does see in a Cold War prism, 73 00:07:53,800 --> 00:07:57,395 so you have a US trained, US backed military. 74 00:07:57,680 --> 00:07:59,637 - We've been slow to understand that the defense 75 00:07:59,920 --> 00:08:01,752 of the Caribbean and Central America 76 00:08:02,080 --> 00:08:04,469 against Marxist/Leninist takeover is vital 77 00:08:04,760 --> 00:08:06,956 to our national security in ways we're not accustomed 78 00:08:07,240 --> 00:08:08,469 to thinking about. 79 00:08:08,760 --> 00:08:12,230 What we can do is help to give them the skills and supplies 80 00:08:12,520 --> 00:08:15,080 they need to do the job for themselves. 81 00:08:15,360 --> 00:08:19,319 - The US continued to support the Guatemalan military always 82 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:23,270 with this idea that the military was the best 83 00:08:23,600 --> 00:08:27,639 and first bulwark against rising Communism in Latin America. 84 00:08:30,040 --> 00:08:32,600 (guns firing) 85 00:08:45,040 --> 00:08:47,475 - When Efrain Rios Montt took over in a coup 86 00:08:47,760 --> 00:08:49,717 in March of 1982, 87 00:08:50,040 --> 00:08:52,395 he basically brought in a new set of rules 88 00:08:52,680 --> 00:08:54,114 of fighting the war. 89 00:09:03,560 --> 00:09:04,709 - By that time, 90 00:09:05,000 --> 00:09:08,311 there were already red flags waving over Guatemala 91 00:09:08,640 --> 00:09:09,516 about the human rights crisis 92 00:09:09,800 --> 00:09:11,074 that was unfolding in the country. 93 00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:13,198 There were already these mutilated bodies showing up 94 00:09:13,520 --> 00:09:15,431 in the streets. 95 00:09:15,720 --> 00:09:18,678 And it was very clear by July of 1982 96 00:09:20,320 --> 00:09:23,676 that the peace had accelerated immensely under Rios Montt. 97 00:09:25,760 --> 00:09:27,910 And that hundreds of villages were being razed 98 00:09:28,200 --> 00:09:29,793 to the ground, and tens of thousands 99 00:09:30,120 --> 00:09:32,350 of people were being killed. 100 00:09:33,800 --> 00:09:35,552 That was the story of 1982. 101 00:09:35,880 --> 00:09:37,712 And there was report after report coming out, 102 00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:39,559 trying to get to the bottom of this. 103 00:09:39,880 --> 00:09:41,996 Who was doing this, why. 104 00:09:42,280 --> 00:09:44,510 With the White House sending people to say, 105 00:09:44,800 --> 00:09:47,633 you know, it's the fog of war, it's very unclear, 106 00:09:47,920 --> 00:09:48,876 the guerrillas are very violent. 107 00:09:49,160 --> 00:09:50,480 They're very brutal. 108 00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:51,875 We believe they're the ones doing the massacres. 109 00:09:52,160 --> 00:09:56,313 We believe they're dressing up in military uniforms 110 00:09:56,600 --> 00:09:58,671 and massacring people. 111 00:09:58,960 --> 00:10:02,396 (tense instrumental music) 112 00:10:05,080 --> 00:10:09,199 December 1982, Reagan and Rios Montt meet in person 113 00:10:10,560 --> 00:10:12,233 for the first time. 114 00:10:12,520 --> 00:10:13,510 - [Announcer] Ladies and Gentleman, 115 00:10:13,840 --> 00:10:15,433 the President of the Republic of Guatemala, 116 00:10:15,760 --> 00:10:17,034 Efrain Rios Monti, 117 00:10:17,320 --> 00:10:21,359 and the President of the United States of America. 118 00:10:23,040 --> 00:10:26,954 - Reagan is openly admiring of the head of state 119 00:10:28,640 --> 00:10:31,598 of Guatemala and says that he thinks Rios Montt 120 00:10:31,880 --> 00:10:34,759 has received a bum rap from human rights organizations 121 00:10:35,040 --> 00:10:38,715 on the abuses that are taking place under his regime 122 00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:41,594 and that he offers the best democratic alternative 123 00:10:41,880 --> 00:10:43,518 that Guatemala could hope for. 124 00:10:43,800 --> 00:10:45,677 - I know that President Rios Montt is a man 125 00:10:45,960 --> 00:10:49,794 of great personal integrity and commitment. 126 00:10:50,120 --> 00:10:51,918 I have assured the President that the United States 127 00:10:52,200 --> 00:10:55,670 is committed to support his efforts to restore democracy 128 00:10:56,000 --> 00:10:59,994 and to address the root causes of this violent insurgency. 129 00:11:23,240 --> 00:11:26,596 - President Reagan made those comments about Rios Montt 130 00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:29,520 on December 4th, 1982, 131 00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:32,478 which was just two days before a unit 132 00:11:32,760 --> 00:11:36,310 of Special Forces in Guatemala, the Kaibiles, 133 00:11:36,600 --> 00:11:39,399 entered the village of Dos Erres. 134 00:11:39,680 --> 00:11:41,910 (eerie music) 135 00:11:45,360 --> 00:11:46,634 - Weeks before the Dos Erres massacre 136 00:11:46,920 --> 00:11:48,911 there's an ambush carried out by leftist guerrillas 137 00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:50,395 on the Guatemalan military, 138 00:11:50,720 --> 00:11:51,755 and it's a victory for the guerillas, 139 00:11:52,040 --> 00:11:53,075 and they are able to kill some soldiers 140 00:11:53,360 --> 00:11:55,874 and make off with 20 or 21 rifles. 141 00:11:57,560 --> 00:11:59,153 And that's seen as a humiliating defeat by the military, 142 00:11:59,480 --> 00:12:00,709 and the order goes out that we need 143 00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:03,992 to find the perpetrators of this ambush, recover the rifles, 144 00:12:04,320 --> 00:12:06,152 and teach them a lesson. 145 00:12:07,400 --> 00:12:08,834 The intelligence that comes in suggests 146 00:12:09,160 --> 00:12:10,992 that this guerrilla unit that committed this ambush 147 00:12:11,280 --> 00:12:14,750 may be somewhere in the vicinity of Dos Erres. 148 00:12:15,080 --> 00:12:17,469 The rapid reaction force, this squad of twenty Kaibiles 149 00:12:17,760 --> 00:12:20,070 with a support team of additional commandos is sent 150 00:12:20,360 --> 00:12:23,990 to attack Dos Erres, find the guerrillas, find the rifles, 151 00:12:24,280 --> 00:12:26,715 and punish those responsible. 152 00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:30,038 (tense instrumental music) 153 00:12:30,320 --> 00:12:34,029 (dramatic instrumental music) 154 00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:41,437 - This is one of several documents that we obtained 155 00:12:41,720 --> 00:12:43,279 about the Dos Erres massacre. 156 00:12:43,560 --> 00:12:45,915 This actually is a cable 157 00:12:46,240 --> 00:12:48,629 that the US Embassy in Guatemala City sent 158 00:12:48,920 --> 00:12:51,480 to the State Department in Washington 159 00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:55,993 about the first intimations that something had happened 160 00:12:56,280 --> 00:12:59,671 in Dos Erres in the Peten. 161 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:02,196 The cable is written in late December 1982, 162 00:13:02,480 --> 00:13:06,519 so it's some weeks after the massacre has taken place. 163 00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:11,755 Source said there have been three theories, all rumors, 164 00:13:12,040 --> 00:13:14,031 concerning the incident in Dos Erres. 165 00:13:14,320 --> 00:13:16,914 One, the army arrested all the inhabitants 166 00:13:17,200 --> 00:13:18,952 and took them into the jungle. 167 00:13:19,240 --> 00:13:23,677 Two, the army took the men to the army base in Poptun, 168 00:13:23,960 --> 00:13:27,191 and the women and children to the army base in San Benito. 169 00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:30,711 Three, the army killed everyone in the village, 170 00:13:31,000 --> 00:13:35,073 dumped them into the well, and covered the well over. 171 00:13:39,920 --> 00:13:41,638 Though no bodies have been found, 172 00:13:41,960 --> 00:13:44,349 all the people have disappeared. 173 00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:27,514 (eerie music) 174 00:16:18,680 --> 00:16:22,310 (gentle instrumental music) 175 00:16:26,520 --> 00:16:28,830 - [Kate] Parallel to the massacres that were taking place 176 00:16:29,120 --> 00:16:32,351 in the countryside, the Guatemalan government also tried 177 00:16:32,640 --> 00:16:37,032 to eliminate people that it perceived as a threat, 178 00:16:37,320 --> 00:16:40,392 as an enemy of the state inside the cities. 179 00:16:40,720 --> 00:16:44,111 (tense instrumental music) 180 00:16:46,280 --> 00:16:48,749 We're talking about people in the universities, 181 00:16:49,040 --> 00:16:50,599 the scholars, the students. 182 00:16:50,880 --> 00:16:53,030 We're talking about lawyers, and journalists, 183 00:16:53,360 --> 00:16:54,998 and artists, and writers. 184 00:16:56,640 --> 00:16:59,996 And the way the government dealt with urban enemies was 185 00:17:00,320 --> 00:17:02,357 to disappear them. 186 00:17:02,640 --> 00:17:05,314 - People were targeted, because they decided 187 00:17:05,600 --> 00:17:08,160 to attempt to change the country. 188 00:17:11,120 --> 00:17:14,715 - The bodies were usually buried in clandestine locations, 189 00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:16,991 sometimes on the same military bases 190 00:17:17,280 --> 00:17:19,237 where they were tortured. 191 00:17:20,480 --> 00:17:22,915 Those disappeared people grew 192 00:17:23,200 --> 00:17:26,636 into an enormous population of the vanished. 193 00:17:31,040 --> 00:17:32,075 By the end of the war, 194 00:17:32,400 --> 00:17:34,073 the Truth Commission says there were 195 00:17:34,400 --> 00:17:36,710 some 40,000 disappeared people. 196 00:17:42,480 --> 00:17:45,040 I would say that the army inadvertently 197 00:17:45,320 --> 00:17:47,470 and unintentionally created activists 198 00:17:47,760 --> 00:17:50,195 whose beloved ones were disappeared, 199 00:17:50,480 --> 00:17:52,596 taken away and who couldn't stand 200 00:17:52,920 --> 00:17:55,150 not doing anything about it. 201 00:17:58,120 --> 00:17:59,076 - [Fredy] A lot of family members began 202 00:17:59,360 --> 00:18:01,351 to get together and form organizations. 203 00:18:01,680 --> 00:18:04,115 One of those organizations is FAMDEGUA, 204 00:18:04,400 --> 00:18:08,109 Families of the Detained and the Disappeared of Guatemala. 205 00:18:08,440 --> 00:18:10,397 - FAMDEGUA was one of the first groups that went in 206 00:18:10,680 --> 00:18:12,591 and tried to son of document what happened 207 00:18:12,880 --> 00:18:13,950 in the countryside at a time 208 00:18:14,240 --> 00:18:17,517 when in Guatemala nobody dared to do it. 209 00:18:18,880 --> 00:18:21,599 - And they're lead by a very impressive woman 210 00:18:21,880 --> 00:18:25,236 who is still today looking for her brother. 211 00:19:39,360 --> 00:19:40,839 - [Fredy] When FAMDEGUA learned of the massacre 212 00:19:41,120 --> 00:19:44,158 at Dos Erres, they decided to investigate. 213 00:19:44,440 --> 00:19:48,229 To help all the family members look for their missing. 214 00:19:52,680 --> 00:19:54,591 - [Ana] The villagers had been told not to go in there, 215 00:19:54,920 --> 00:19:56,274 and they were all terrified to go back 216 00:19:56,560 --> 00:19:58,437 and try to dig through the rubble. 217 00:19:58,720 --> 00:20:02,714 So the area remained a ghost town for more than a decade. 218 00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:06,675 (gentle instrumental music) 219 00:20:06,960 --> 00:20:09,679 (machine whirring) 220 00:21:51,440 --> 00:21:53,192 - Forensic Anthropology allows you 221 00:21:53,480 --> 00:21:57,360 to use very specific techniques to document evidence, 222 00:21:57,640 --> 00:22:00,359 and then later reproduce this evidence in a court of law 223 00:22:00,640 --> 00:22:03,871 to explain it to a judge, to explain it to the prosecutor, 224 00:22:04,160 --> 00:22:06,390 to explain it to the family. 225 00:22:07,440 --> 00:22:08,839 - [Kate] In the case of Dos Erres, 226 00:22:09,120 --> 00:22:10,838 you have one of the earliest exhumations 227 00:22:11,120 --> 00:22:12,838 ever done in Guatemala. 228 00:22:37,800 --> 00:22:39,029 - She's investigating this at a time where the powers 229 00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:40,276 that committed these atrocities 230 00:22:40,560 --> 00:22:42,631 are very much still active and strong. 231 00:22:42,960 --> 00:22:45,076 And the military really hasn't been touched. 232 00:22:49,640 --> 00:22:53,031 (tense instrumental music) 233 00:26:43,040 --> 00:26:46,112 - [Kate] Many people felt that there would be justice. 234 00:26:46,400 --> 00:26:50,439 That the worst of the worst would be brought to account. 235 00:26:53,200 --> 00:26:57,433 But impunity in Guatemala is as intrinsic to that culture 236 00:26:57,760 --> 00:27:00,115 as its volcanoes and its coffee. 237 00:27:00,960 --> 00:27:01,995 It's powerful. 238 00:27:02,280 --> 00:27:03,600 It's intransigent. 239 00:27:03,880 --> 00:27:05,712 It's very hard to break. 240 00:27:07,360 --> 00:27:11,638 (tense instrumental music) 241 00:27:17,480 --> 00:27:21,599 - Rios Montt decided in November of 1982 to use the Kaibiles 242 00:27:22,840 --> 00:27:25,593 as this kind of mobile killing unit. 243 00:27:27,560 --> 00:27:28,880 - Through this policy, 244 00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:30,838 Rios Montt really unleashes these commandos, the Kaibiles, 245 00:27:31,160 --> 00:27:32,594 who are among the best-trained 246 00:27:32,920 --> 00:27:36,117 and the most famously brutal in the hemisphere. 247 00:27:36,400 --> 00:27:38,789 - [Kate] The Kaibil unit, very much modeled itself 248 00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:43,039 on the US Special Forces. 249 00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:46,596 - They're designed to terrorize the populous. 250 00:27:46,880 --> 00:27:47,950 Going into certain areas 251 00:27:48,240 --> 00:27:49,992 where they feel the guerillas are the most active. 252 00:27:50,280 --> 00:27:52,749 Particularly indigenous areas and this scorched-earth policy 253 00:27:53,040 --> 00:27:56,476 of massacre, you know, as a tool of warfare. 254 00:28:21,880 --> 00:28:23,109 - She's actually on the radio 255 00:28:23,400 --> 00:28:24,959 in these military controlled areas where there has been 256 00:28:25,240 --> 00:28:27,675 so much killing and brutality appealing 257 00:28:27,960 --> 00:28:30,031 to people who know about this to come forward. 258 00:28:30,320 --> 00:28:31,833 And then she gets this incredible tip, 259 00:28:32,120 --> 00:28:33,440 one of the soldiers who was involved 260 00:28:33,720 --> 00:28:37,395 in the massacre wants to talk to her. 261 00:28:46,320 --> 00:28:49,790 (tense instrumental music) 262 00:30:55,120 --> 00:30:57,634 - [Sebastian] Fabio Pinzon is not a full-fledged Kaibil. 263 00:30:57,920 --> 00:30:59,274 He's actually a cook. 264 00:30:59,560 --> 00:31:02,439 He's always felt like within this elite, hard as nails group 265 00:31:02,720 --> 00:31:04,358 that he was treated as an underling. 266 00:31:04,640 --> 00:31:07,029 So he's breaking this incredible code of silence, 267 00:31:07,320 --> 00:31:09,789 and that could get him killed. 268 00:31:27,640 --> 00:31:29,039 - So she's got this remarkable, 269 00:31:29,360 --> 00:31:31,874 first hand confession from a soldier, 270 00:31:32,200 --> 00:31:33,349 which in the annuls 271 00:31:33,640 --> 00:31:37,190 of the Guatemalan dirty war is extremely rare. 272 00:31:37,480 --> 00:31:40,313 Pinzon gives her investigation a jolt forward. 273 00:31:40,600 --> 00:31:41,829 And he convinces another soldier, 274 00:31:42,160 --> 00:31:43,958 and this guy who is an actual full-fledged Kaibil, 275 00:31:44,240 --> 00:31:47,119 Cesar lbanez, also to speak to her. 276 00:32:09,520 --> 00:32:12,034 (eerie music) 277 00:35:19,520 --> 00:35:21,989 - We welcome change and openness, 278 00:35:22,280 --> 00:35:26,319 for we believe that freedom and security go together. 279 00:35:27,960 --> 00:35:30,031 That the advance of human liberty can only strengthen 280 00:35:30,320 --> 00:35:32,277 the cause of world peace. 281 00:35:34,240 --> 00:35:36,550 Mr. Gorbachav, open this gate. 282 00:35:37,720 --> 00:35:39,119 (crowd yelling) 283 00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:42,159 Mr. Gorbachav, tear down this wall. 284 00:35:46,320 --> 00:35:50,439 - The Guatemalan civil conflict went on for 36 years, 285 00:35:52,840 --> 00:35:56,595 and it really only finally came to an end 286 00:35:56,920 --> 00:35:58,991 in the mid 1990s for two reasons. 287 00:35:59,280 --> 00:36:02,079 Number one, the Cold War ended, the Berlin Wall fell, 288 00:36:02,360 --> 00:36:07,196 and it didn't make as much sense to continue to fight, 289 00:36:07,480 --> 00:36:11,314 or to back a war that was so centrally organized 290 00:36:13,200 --> 00:36:15,430 around anti-Communism. 291 00:36:15,720 --> 00:36:17,552 In December of 1996, 292 00:36:17,840 --> 00:36:20,070 the government signed the final peace agreement, 293 00:36:20,400 --> 00:36:22,994 which ended the war for, for good. 294 00:36:32,840 --> 00:36:36,196 - Finally, you had talks in Oslo, Norway that led 295 00:36:36,480 --> 00:36:39,359 to the signing of an accord about human rights 296 00:36:39,640 --> 00:36:42,439 that included the creation of a truth commission. 297 00:36:42,760 --> 00:36:45,832 The Truth Commission had recommended 298 00:36:46,120 --> 00:36:50,114 that the government take on the responsibility 299 00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:53,119 of finding the disappeared, of identifying mass graves, 300 00:36:53,400 --> 00:36:57,109 of exhuming bodies as part of its reparations 301 00:36:57,440 --> 00:36:59,238 to affected communities. 302 00:37:00,560 --> 00:37:02,915 But the government was not inclined 303 00:37:03,240 --> 00:37:05,356 to participate at that level. 304 00:37:08,040 --> 00:37:11,670 (gentle instrumental music) 305 00:37:36,440 --> 00:37:38,556 - [Sebastian] Sara Romero's a young, rookie prosecutor 306 00:37:38,840 --> 00:37:40,877 who's assigned this case. 307 00:37:41,160 --> 00:37:42,514 - Her first year out of law school, 308 00:37:42,800 --> 00:37:45,314 Sara Romero gets thrown this case I'm sure 309 00:37:45,600 --> 00:37:48,274 because nobody else wanted to handle it. 310 00:37:59,440 --> 00:38:00,953 - She tries to stan investigating what happened 311 00:38:01,240 --> 00:38:02,355 in Dos Erres. 312 00:38:02,640 --> 00:38:05,029 Her focus is getting the testimony of these two soldiers, 313 00:38:05,320 --> 00:38:09,359 which is going to be absolutely crucial and unique. 314 00:38:25,480 --> 00:38:27,391 - The soldiers' testimony is very important for two reasons. 315 00:38:27,680 --> 00:38:30,354 Number one, it's extremely rare to have soldiers confessing 316 00:38:30,640 --> 00:38:32,313 to having participated in a massacre, 317 00:38:32,600 --> 00:38:34,318 the actual participants to describe it. 318 00:38:34,600 --> 00:38:36,398 Number two, they open the door 319 00:38:36,680 --> 00:38:38,637 to an even more remarkable, powerful piece 320 00:38:38,960 --> 00:38:40,439 of potential evidence, which is that they describe 321 00:38:40,720 --> 00:38:44,350 that two little boys survive the massacre, 322 00:38:44,640 --> 00:38:47,075 and were taken away by soldiers. 323 00:39:16,720 --> 00:39:19,280 - Sara Romero knows that she's got potentially rare 324 00:39:19,560 --> 00:39:21,631 and powerful legal ammunition here, 325 00:39:21,960 --> 00:39:23,280 where she can actually maybe build a case 326 00:39:23,560 --> 00:39:25,153 against the military for the massacre, 327 00:39:25,440 --> 00:39:28,273 so she needs to find these two boys. 328 00:40:03,520 --> 00:40:07,275 (gentle instrumental music) 329 00:42:40,800 --> 00:42:42,518 - [Sebastian] Oscar has no memories whatsoever of Dos Erres. 330 00:42:42,800 --> 00:42:44,757 As far as he knows, he's brought up by this family 331 00:42:45,080 --> 00:42:48,960 and taught to revere this lieutenant who was his father. 332 00:42:49,240 --> 00:42:50,958 You talk to people in that town, 333 00:42:51,240 --> 00:42:53,038 he's someone who's seen as a heroic figure, 334 00:42:53,320 --> 00:42:56,631 who died shortly after bringing Oscar back. 335 00:43:09,640 --> 00:43:13,110 (gentle instrumental music) 336 00:43:54,480 --> 00:43:58,030 (gentle instrumental music) 337 00:44:00,080 --> 00:44:02,435 - Sara Romero runs into a series of dead ends. 338 00:44:02,720 --> 00:44:04,393 The family is not very helpful. 339 00:44:04,680 --> 00:44:05,670 There's great resentment 340 00:44:05,960 --> 00:44:07,075 that she could be investigating the Lieutenant 341 00:44:07,360 --> 00:44:08,509 and suggesting that he's something other 342 00:44:08,800 --> 00:44:11,633 than this heroic military man. 343 00:44:47,400 --> 00:44:49,914 - So Sara Romero goes out and does her detective work 344 00:44:50,240 --> 00:44:52,595 and actually finds Santos Alonzo, 345 00:44:52,880 --> 00:44:57,317 the Kaibil that took the other little boy from Dos Erres. 346 00:44:57,600 --> 00:44:59,079 She doesn't have this high-powered squad 347 00:44:59,360 --> 00:45:00,589 of cops accompanying her. 348 00:45:00,920 --> 00:45:02,558 It's pretty much her and an assistant going out 349 00:45:02,880 --> 00:45:04,837 to this remote, still dangerous area trying 350 00:45:05,120 --> 00:45:07,111 to investigate this massacre. 351 00:45:07,400 --> 00:45:10,836 (tense instrumental music) 352 00:46:36,040 --> 00:46:37,997 - She starts asking around, and the military starts hearing. 353 00:46:38,280 --> 00:46:41,750 Oh, why does the prosecutor want to talk to Ramiro? 354 00:47:26,680 --> 00:47:30,196 (gentle instrumental music) 355 00:48:05,160 --> 00:48:06,753 - A lot of these kids who were abducted 356 00:48:07,040 --> 00:48:10,431 by soldiers were brought back to homes often in rural areas. 357 00:48:10,720 --> 00:48:11,949 And raised, not necessarily as part 358 00:48:12,280 --> 00:48:13,714 of the family like Oscar was. 359 00:48:14,000 --> 00:48:14,956 That's kind of unique. 360 00:48:15,280 --> 00:48:18,511 They were raised almost as indentured servants. 361 00:48:45,280 --> 00:48:47,920 - [Sebastian] Ramiro was raised in an abusive household. 362 00:48:48,200 --> 00:48:50,396 His nightmare did not end with the Dos Erres massacre, 363 00:48:50,680 --> 00:48:53,194 which he was old enough to remember. 364 00:50:21,280 --> 00:50:23,794 (eerie music) 365 00:52:21,000 --> 00:52:23,469 - Salome Hernandez and his brother have the epic misfortune 366 00:52:23,760 --> 00:52:25,831 of arriving in the middle of this massacre, 367 00:52:26,160 --> 00:52:28,879 and being grabbed and taken by the rest of these people. 368 00:52:29,200 --> 00:52:31,430 But Salome is one of the few who manages 369 00:52:31,720 --> 00:52:33,358 to escape and survive. 370 00:53:44,800 --> 00:53:46,677 - This is where things start to go bad. 371 00:53:46,960 --> 00:53:49,190 One of the lieutenants the second in command, 372 00:53:49,480 --> 00:53:52,120 Rosales Batres, rapes a woman. 373 00:53:52,400 --> 00:53:56,030 And when he does that, other soldiers follow his lead. 374 00:53:56,320 --> 00:53:59,517 This operation degenerates into barbarity. 375 00:54:12,040 --> 00:54:14,919 - This goes on for hours, so at some point in the morning, 376 00:54:15,200 --> 00:54:17,635 some of the women who have been raped are forced 377 00:54:17,920 --> 00:54:19,479 to feed the soldiers. 378 00:54:37,400 --> 00:54:39,437 - The morning sort of builds and the commanders are talking 379 00:54:39,720 --> 00:54:40,994 to one another and they're on the radio back 380 00:54:41,280 --> 00:54:42,600 to supervisors elsewhere, 381 00:54:42,920 --> 00:54:45,480 but at some point the decision is made that they are going 382 00:54:45,800 --> 00:54:49,839 to interrogate the villagers in the center of town. 383 00:54:56,400 --> 00:54:59,791 (tense instrumental music) 384 00:55:50,400 --> 00:55:53,153 - [Sebastian] Basically they start going into the school 385 00:55:53,440 --> 00:55:55,556 and into the church and pulling out the men and the women 386 00:55:55,840 --> 00:55:59,549 and children and taking them down to this well. 387 00:56:40,480 --> 00:56:42,198 - [Sebastian] They have set themselves up by the well, 388 00:56:42,480 --> 00:56:44,198 and the people are brought there, 389 00:56:44,480 --> 00:56:46,994 and one of the first killed is a small child. 390 00:58:10,640 --> 00:58:14,156 (tense instrumental music) 391 01:00:16,680 --> 01:00:19,115 (somber music) 392 01:00:32,160 --> 01:00:35,118 - By the afternoon, the massacre is over, 393 01:00:35,440 --> 01:00:37,670 250 people have been killed. 394 01:00:41,720 --> 01:00:42,676 So the well is full, 395 01:00:42,960 --> 01:00:45,873 and the village is littered with corpses. 396 01:00:48,480 --> 01:00:49,914 And five survivors appear. 397 01:00:50,240 --> 01:00:54,074 Five children, three girls, and two little boys. 398 01:00:55,760 --> 01:00:56,955 And so for whatever reason the soldiers decide they're going 399 01:00:57,240 --> 01:00:58,958 to take them with them. 400 01:01:00,880 --> 01:01:02,518 They start the hike back out of the village. 401 01:01:02,840 --> 01:01:05,229 The girls sadly meet a horrible fate. 402 01:01:05,520 --> 01:01:07,591 They rape them and they kill them the next day. 403 01:01:07,880 --> 01:01:11,396 But the boys they take back with them. 404 01:01:19,440 --> 01:01:21,078 - These little boys are relatively light skinned 405 01:01:21,400 --> 01:01:22,754 and they have green eyes. 406 01:01:23,040 --> 01:01:24,030 And that kinda makes them stand out in this region, 407 01:01:24,360 --> 01:01:25,794 which is mostly indigenous. 408 01:01:33,760 --> 01:01:36,912 (gentle instrumental music) 409 01:02:25,040 --> 01:02:29,273 (tense instrumental music) 410 01:02:29,560 --> 01:02:31,710 - This cable is dated December 31, 411 01:02:32,000 --> 01:02:34,833 so it's just the day after the US Embassy organized 412 01:02:35,120 --> 01:02:37,873 a flyover of the Dos Erres village. 413 01:02:39,240 --> 01:02:42,471 This cable describes what the embassy officer saw 414 01:02:42,760 --> 01:02:43,875 when they went to the region 415 01:02:44,160 --> 01:02:47,630 where the massacre had taken place. 416 01:02:47,920 --> 01:02:49,911 On December 30, three mission members 417 01:02:50,240 --> 01:02:53,312 and a third country diplomat visited Poptun 418 01:02:53,600 --> 01:02:56,592 and Las Cruces, El Peten in an attempt 419 01:02:56,880 --> 01:03:00,032 to check an alleged massacre at Dos Erres. 420 01:03:02,960 --> 01:03:07,477 Dos Erres consists of scattered houses and groups of houses. 421 01:03:07,800 --> 01:03:10,314 They are all deserted and many have been burnt. 422 01:03:10,640 --> 01:03:11,994 Army officials said guerrillas, 423 01:03:12,280 --> 01:03:15,113 quote took the people away, unquote. 424 01:03:16,800 --> 01:03:20,430 At this point, the helicopter pilot refused to touch down. 425 01:03:20,720 --> 01:03:23,951 He did agree, however, to sweep low over the area. 426 01:03:24,240 --> 01:03:26,516 There were no signs of life. 427 01:03:28,640 --> 01:03:31,598 It is somewhat difficult to believe that the disappearance 428 01:03:31,880 --> 01:03:35,271 and possible liquidation of hundreds of people so close 429 01:03:35,560 --> 01:03:39,269 to Las Cruces could remain a mystery for weeks. 430 01:03:40,640 --> 01:03:42,870 Based on information reported by source 431 01:03:43,160 --> 01:03:46,471 and on site observations made on December 30, 432 01:03:46,800 --> 01:03:48,279 the Embassy must conclude 433 01:03:48,560 --> 01:03:50,119 that the party most likely responsible 434 01:03:50,400 --> 01:03:53,791 for this incident is the Guatemalan army. 435 01:04:00,040 --> 01:04:02,600 After reading these cables, you would think 436 01:04:02,880 --> 01:04:06,589 that that would have led to, at a minimum, 437 01:04:06,880 --> 01:04:10,510 a pronouncement on the part of the United States government 438 01:04:10,800 --> 01:04:12,757 about what was happening in Guatemala. 439 01:04:13,040 --> 01:04:14,713 And to the contrary. 440 01:04:15,000 --> 01:04:17,879 It's simply, it sank like a stone. 441 01:04:19,920 --> 01:04:24,312 You had a complicity by omission, a Reagan government 442 01:04:24,600 --> 01:04:27,956 that was not willing to call out its allies 443 01:04:29,120 --> 01:04:31,031 in the Guatemalan state. 444 01:04:32,360 --> 01:04:36,319 Very shortly after this, in January of 1983, 445 01:04:36,640 --> 01:04:40,315 the Reagan administration once again went back to Congress 446 01:04:40,640 --> 01:04:44,679 to try to get a new aid package for the Guatemalan military. 447 01:04:46,080 --> 01:04:50,392 That's how little the Reagan administration took 448 01:04:50,680 --> 01:04:52,956 into account reports like this. 449 01:04:55,360 --> 01:04:59,672 - The US government by accepting this massacre happened 450 01:04:59,960 --> 01:05:02,554 and the Scorched Earth campaign of Rios Montt 451 01:05:02,840 --> 01:05:06,913 was a tacit participant of the massacres that continued. 452 01:05:09,840 --> 01:05:12,195 - The Dos Erres massacre is very distinct, 453 01:05:12,480 --> 01:05:15,836 but at the same time, just like many others. 454 01:05:16,120 --> 01:05:18,839 There are many things that we see over and over, the rape, 455 01:05:19,120 --> 01:05:22,397 the sexual abuse of women and little girls. 456 01:05:24,680 --> 01:05:27,877 The separation of the women from the men. 457 01:05:28,160 --> 01:05:30,720 The length of detention to make sure 458 01:05:31,000 --> 01:05:33,116 that people were tortured publicly 459 01:05:33,440 --> 01:05:37,195 and all of these things happened at Dos Erres. 460 01:05:37,480 --> 01:05:41,872 - The Dos Ewes Massacre was one oi 82% massacres 461 01:05:42,200 --> 01:05:44,032 that have been documented 462 01:05:44,320 --> 01:05:47,438 by the UN sponsored Truth Commission. 463 01:05:47,720 --> 01:05:48,915 (eerie music) 464 01:05:49,200 --> 01:05:51,953 - [Kate] There are an estimated 200,000 civilian 465 01:05:52,240 --> 01:05:55,870 dead in Guatemala. 466 01:05:56,160 --> 01:05:57,389 - [Sebastian] There are hundreds of other massacres 467 01:05:57,720 --> 01:05:59,199 like this with great impunity. 468 01:05:59,480 --> 01:06:01,312 These massacres are not quote unquote solved 469 01:06:01,640 --> 01:06:03,870 and no one is ever punished. 470 01:06:27,840 --> 01:06:29,274 - If the government isn't ready, 471 01:06:29,560 --> 01:06:32,359 and there's no political will to actually prosecute, 472 01:06:32,640 --> 01:06:33,960 there will be no prosecution. 473 01:06:34,240 --> 01:06:36,914 That's very common in Guatemala. 474 01:06:39,040 --> 01:06:40,110 - There's this crescendo of activity, 475 01:06:40,400 --> 01:06:41,515 which you would expect to lend 476 01:06:41,840 --> 01:06:43,069 to some kind of immediate resolution, 477 01:06:43,360 --> 01:06:45,271 and instead, the case ends up in legal limbo 478 01:06:45,600 --> 01:06:47,637 for almost another decade. 479 01:06:50,280 --> 01:06:53,910 Around 2009, there is some progress with the case, 480 01:06:54,200 --> 01:06:55,873 the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 481 01:06:56,160 --> 01:06:59,198 an external regional body, acting on legal actions filed 482 01:06:59,480 --> 01:07:02,950 by FAMDEGUA rules in their favor and issues a judicial order 483 01:07:03,280 --> 01:07:05,351 that Guatemala should pursue this case, 484 01:07:05,640 --> 01:07:07,119 and it also makes public the list 485 01:07:07,400 --> 01:07:10,392 of those commandos charged in Guatemala. 486 01:07:12,280 --> 01:07:13,953 Now things come full circle and the US, 487 01:07:14,240 --> 01:07:15,913 and lmmigrations Customs and Enforcements 488 01:07:16,200 --> 01:07:17,998 in particular has an interesting unit that they have set up 489 01:07:18,280 --> 01:07:20,669 to pursue war criminals from all over the world. 490 01:07:20,960 --> 01:07:23,156 And ICE starts going through its records and its documents, 491 01:07:23,440 --> 01:07:25,113 and it identifies a number of the commandos 492 01:07:25,400 --> 01:07:27,198 as long time US residents. 493 01:07:37,280 --> 01:07:38,918 - I received an investigative referral. 494 01:07:39,240 --> 01:07:40,992 It was from the Human Rights War Crimes Unit 495 01:07:41,320 --> 01:07:42,754 in Washington D.C. 496 01:07:48,080 --> 01:07:50,720 They came across Gilberto Jordan's name 497 01:07:51,040 --> 01:07:53,873 and knew that he was in the country. 498 01:07:57,280 --> 01:07:59,032 That's one of the first things I wanted to do was just 499 01:07:59,320 --> 01:08:00,390 to see where is the man living 500 01:08:00,720 --> 01:08:03,109 that's been accused of these crimes. 501 01:08:03,400 --> 01:08:05,960 You want to try to see what does this person do day to day, 502 01:08:06,240 --> 01:08:08,231 what is their life like now'? 503 01:08:10,320 --> 01:08:11,833 He had a nice little home. 504 01:08:12,120 --> 01:08:13,599 Appeared to have a nice family. 505 01:08:13,880 --> 01:08:16,838 Mr. Jordan was working as a cook at a high-end country club. 506 01:08:17,120 --> 01:08:18,599 At one point one of his fellow employees told me 507 01:08:18,880 --> 01:08:21,190 he was the best employee there. 508 01:08:22,560 --> 01:08:23,914 - He's got three kids. 509 01:08:24,240 --> 01:08:26,470 He's got a son who has himself joined US Military 510 01:08:26,760 --> 01:08:30,116 as US citizen, and served in Iraq. 511 01:08:30,400 --> 01:08:31,310 - [Jon] What I first did is 512 01:08:31,600 --> 01:08:34,274 I get his application for naturalization. 513 01:08:34,560 --> 01:08:35,595 This is the form you fill out 514 01:08:35,920 --> 01:08:39,072 when you want to become a United States citizen. 515 01:08:39,360 --> 01:08:42,193 - ICE can't prosecute these guys for war crimes. 516 01:08:42,480 --> 01:08:44,198 But in order to prosecute for immigration crimes 517 01:08:44,480 --> 01:08:46,278 it essentially has to prove that they lied 518 01:08:46,600 --> 01:08:48,557 when they got their citizenship or their residence. 519 01:08:48,840 --> 01:08:50,160 And essentially build a miniature war crimes case 520 01:08:50,440 --> 01:08:52,078 against them, even if it's just to convict them 521 01:08:52,360 --> 01:08:54,556 of a crime as seemingly prosaic or mundane 522 01:08:54,840 --> 01:08:58,799 as lying on your citizenship application. 523 01:08:59,080 --> 01:09:01,879 - On this form, they ask you specifically were you ever 524 01:09:02,160 --> 01:09:03,230 in a foreign military. 525 01:09:03,520 --> 01:09:05,158 Mr. Jordan had put no. 526 01:09:06,440 --> 01:09:08,351 They asked if he had committed any crimes, 527 01:09:08,640 --> 01:09:11,234 even for which he had not been charged. 528 01:09:11,520 --> 01:09:13,033 He had put no. 529 01:09:13,320 --> 01:09:16,278 So him being in the military is important, 530 01:09:16,560 --> 01:09:17,880 but what is more important is 531 01:09:18,160 --> 01:09:20,800 that I place him at that massacre. 532 01:09:22,320 --> 01:09:23,276 - It's a tricky thing. 533 01:09:23,560 --> 01:09:24,231 He talks about it with the prosecutors, 534 01:09:24,520 --> 01:09:25,715 and they tell him look, 535 01:09:26,000 --> 01:09:27,195 we've got this information from Guatemala, 536 01:09:27,480 --> 01:09:28,879 the Inter-American court all that, 537 01:09:29,160 --> 01:09:32,676 but it's going to be very hard unless you get a confession. 538 01:09:32,960 --> 01:09:34,359 - One of the things I'm told is that a lot 539 01:09:34,680 --> 01:09:35,590 of the killing started 540 01:09:35,880 --> 01:09:38,349 when he threw an infant into the well. 541 01:09:38,640 --> 01:09:42,793 I need Mr. Jordan to admit his role in the massacre. 542 01:09:43,080 --> 01:09:44,593 The decision is made. 543 01:09:46,240 --> 01:09:50,598 Let's go knock on his door and let's see what happens. 544 01:09:50,880 --> 01:09:54,760 We go outside Mr. Jordan's house in the morning. 545 01:09:55,080 --> 01:09:58,357 We go to the door and we're knocking on it. 546 01:09:58,640 --> 01:09:59,914 We're armed. 547 01:10:00,200 --> 01:10:01,873 I'm going to the house of someone who was highly trained. 548 01:10:02,160 --> 01:10:04,151 He's a Special Forces soldier. 549 01:10:04,440 --> 01:10:07,000 So, Mr. Jordan won't open the door. 550 01:10:07,280 --> 01:10:09,032 We're a little nervous. 551 01:10:10,320 --> 01:10:11,151 - [Sebastian] They stop his wife on the street 552 01:10:11,440 --> 01:10:12,714 and they get his wife to call him. 553 01:10:13,000 --> 01:10:13,990 And sure enough, 554 01:10:14,280 --> 01:10:16,191 Jordan has been dreading this moment for years. 555 01:10:16,520 --> 01:10:18,193 And Jordan says to her, they're here to kill me. 556 01:10:18,520 --> 01:10:19,874 She goes, no they're the cops, it's okay, 557 01:10:20,160 --> 01:10:20,797 you can open the door. 558 01:10:21,080 --> 01:10:22,115 He says, they've got guns. 559 01:10:22,440 --> 01:10:23,032 She says, yes but they're the cops, 560 01:10:23,360 --> 01:10:25,556 it's okay, you can open up. 561 01:10:25,840 --> 01:10:29,879 - We sat down at his kitchen table and we started to talk. 562 01:10:33,080 --> 01:10:35,993 We started with the military things. 563 01:10:37,280 --> 01:10:38,998 Do you know so and so? 564 01:10:40,240 --> 01:10:41,913 And he'd say "yeah oh I knew him. 565 01:10:42,200 --> 01:10:46,797 "I worked underneath him, he was my commanding officer." 566 01:10:47,080 --> 01:10:47,751 He's upset. 567 01:10:48,040 --> 01:10:50,270 I can see he's visibly upset. 568 01:10:50,560 --> 01:10:53,791 - It's almost like he had been waiting, dreading, 569 01:10:54,080 --> 01:10:55,798 but accepting that that moment was going to happen, 570 01:10:56,080 --> 01:10:57,912 and someone was going to come and ask him about this. 571 01:10:58,200 --> 01:11:00,555 He just starts talking about it. 572 01:11:02,160 --> 01:11:05,755 - Mr. Jordan breaks down and starts talking about the well. 573 01:11:06,040 --> 01:11:08,919 So we asked him, you know, who went into the well. 574 01:11:09,240 --> 01:11:12,232 And his response was todo, meaning all. 575 01:11:12,520 --> 01:11:14,830 Everybody went into the well. 576 01:11:16,360 --> 01:11:17,953 He described to us that he was crying, 577 01:11:18,240 --> 01:11:21,073 he was upset at what was happening 578 01:11:21,360 --> 01:11:24,478 and that he threw the baby into the well. 579 01:11:28,440 --> 01:11:30,590 Gilberto Jordan pled guilty 580 01:11:30,920 --> 01:11:33,196 to the crime of naturalization fraud. 581 01:11:33,480 --> 01:11:34,834 He didn't fight it. 582 01:11:36,600 --> 01:11:39,433 - In the United States, all of the sudden, 583 01:11:39,720 --> 01:11:43,475 one of the named Kaibiles is in jail for 10 years. 584 01:11:43,760 --> 01:11:47,310 That was like an electric shock in Guatemala. 585 01:11:49,680 --> 01:11:53,799 It made people believe that perhaps this could happen, 586 01:11:55,520 --> 01:11:58,831 that there could be some justice in this case. 587 01:11:59,160 --> 01:12:02,152 - ICE generates evidence, they generate Jordan's confession. 588 01:12:02,440 --> 01:12:04,192 So now you got a confession in the US legal system. 589 01:12:04,480 --> 01:12:06,357 And they send all this information to Sara Romero. 590 01:12:06,640 --> 01:12:09,473 Now, she's got even more ammunition. 591 01:12:10,400 --> 01:12:12,835 - The other critical catalyst 592 01:12:13,120 --> 01:12:15,794 that pushed this case forward was the naming 593 01:12:16,080 --> 01:12:19,471 in December of 2010 of Claudia Paz Y Paz 594 01:12:19,760 --> 01:12:22,991 to be the attorney general of Guatemala. 595 01:12:43,920 --> 01:12:46,753 - Once Claudio Paz Y Paz was appointed as Attorney General, 596 01:12:47,080 --> 01:12:49,754 one of the first things she did was empower the prosecutors 597 01:12:50,040 --> 01:12:52,998 to resume the Dos Erres Investigation. 598 01:12:53,280 --> 01:12:56,830 The other important factor of the case at this time was 599 01:12:57,120 --> 01:13:00,317 that we developed DNA capacity in Guatemala. 600 01:13:00,640 --> 01:13:04,270 So we decided to go and exhume the bodies for a second time 601 01:13:04,600 --> 01:13:08,070 and try to identify by comparing the DNA profiles 602 01:13:08,400 --> 01:13:12,837 of the skeletons with those DNA profiles of the families. 603 01:13:13,120 --> 01:13:14,394 - So Sara Romero now has an attorney general 604 01:13:14,680 --> 01:13:15,590 who's supporting her, 605 01:13:15,880 --> 01:13:17,757 she's got this information from the US. 606 01:13:18,080 --> 01:13:19,479 She's got Pinzon and lbanez. 607 01:13:19,760 --> 01:13:20,591 She's got Ramiro's story. 608 01:13:20,880 --> 01:13:22,473 So she's determined now to try again 609 01:13:22,760 --> 01:13:26,469 despite all the time that's past to find Oscar. 610 01:13:46,600 --> 01:13:48,830 - [Sebastian] And she goes back to talk to the doctor 611 01:13:49,120 --> 01:13:50,315 who she'd talked to years earlier 612 01:13:50,600 --> 01:13:51,715 and this time he's a little more helpful 613 01:13:52,000 --> 01:13:55,118 and he tells her look, Oscar is in the United States. 614 01:14:00,960 --> 01:14:03,759 - I don't have a number for him, but I know he's married. 615 01:14:04,080 --> 01:14:05,195 I'm trying to remember his wife's name. 616 01:14:05,480 --> 01:14:08,393 Her nickname is La Flaca, the skinny one. 617 01:14:36,640 --> 01:14:38,597 - It's almost comical to think of a prosecutor going 618 01:14:38,880 --> 01:14:42,157 into a pretty big town, Zacapa, and knocking on doors 619 01:14:42,440 --> 01:14:45,512 and asking for La Flaca, and finding her. 620 01:15:20,600 --> 01:15:23,114 (phone ringing) 621 01:16:04,800 --> 01:16:08,475 - How do you tell someone you're not who you think you are. 622 01:16:08,760 --> 01:16:11,593 And your life up until now has been a lie. 623 01:16:40,920 --> 01:16:44,675 (gentle instrumental music) 624 01:19:52,680 --> 01:19:55,069 - So Oscar decides to go ahead and do the DNA test. 625 01:19:55,360 --> 01:19:57,829 And Fredy Peccerelli comes up. 626 01:20:00,480 --> 01:20:03,438 - We had no idea that this would eventually lead us 627 01:20:03,720 --> 01:20:06,439 to a little town outside of Boston. 628 01:20:09,400 --> 01:20:12,438 (whistle vibrating) 629 01:20:12,720 --> 01:20:14,040 I actually have to say that I was surprised 630 01:20:14,360 --> 01:20:15,873 by everything about Oscar. 631 01:20:16,200 --> 01:20:19,591 About his demeanor, about the way he looked. 632 01:20:21,800 --> 01:20:24,553 He looked whiter than I expected. 633 01:20:24,880 --> 01:20:28,077 He has very light eyes, almost green eyes. 634 01:20:32,600 --> 01:20:34,273 He was very at ease. 635 01:20:34,560 --> 01:20:36,915 He didn't look worried. 636 01:20:37,200 --> 01:20:39,919 I think he still didn't believe it. 637 01:20:55,640 --> 01:20:59,270 (gentle instrumental music) 638 01:21:04,600 --> 01:21:06,830 - We took Oscar's DNA sample back to Guatemala, 639 01:21:07,120 --> 01:21:09,111 to the DNA lab of the FAFG, 640 01:21:09,400 --> 01:21:13,951 and we had to compare it to the sample of Ramiro, 641 01:21:14,240 --> 01:21:16,959 the other boy. 642 01:21:17,240 --> 01:21:20,949 And then also to all the families in Dos Erres. 643 01:21:23,160 --> 01:21:25,913 About a month and a half, maybe two months went by, 644 01:21:26,200 --> 01:21:30,273 and I got the results and the first thing I thought of is, 645 01:21:33,240 --> 01:21:35,231 wow, we have to call him. 646 01:21:43,160 --> 01:21:46,118 So, I called his home, and he answered. 647 01:21:47,400 --> 01:21:50,597 I said Oscar we have the results. 648 01:21:50,920 --> 01:21:54,879 Ramiro, the other boy, is not your brother. 649 01:21:55,160 --> 01:21:57,310 And he said 0h I knew that. 650 01:21:57,640 --> 01:22:01,031 However, his DNA matched that of an older man 651 01:22:03,520 --> 01:22:07,639 that was looking for his family among all the bones. 652 01:22:08,800 --> 01:22:10,711 And that he was still alive, 653 01:22:11,000 --> 01:22:13,913 so I told Oscar we found your father, 654 01:22:14,880 --> 01:22:16,678 your biological father. 655 01:22:18,440 --> 01:22:20,909 And he didn't say anything for a couple of seconds. 656 01:22:21,240 --> 01:22:23,311 (gentle instrumental music) 657 01:23:05,920 --> 01:23:07,399 - [Sebastian] Tranquilino Castaneda, that day 658 01:23:07,680 --> 01:23:09,034 oi We Dos Ewes massacre, 659 01:23:09,320 --> 01:23:10,958 happened to be working in fields outside 660 01:23:11,240 --> 01:23:13,356 of Dos Erres and he survived. 661 01:23:42,320 --> 01:23:44,960 - The next step is how are we gonna tell Tranquilino, 662 01:23:45,280 --> 01:23:49,353 because he was looking for his family among the skeletons, 663 01:23:49,640 --> 01:23:52,029 hopefully to be able to rebury the bodies. 664 01:23:52,320 --> 01:23:56,029 But he was never looking for a living relative. 665 01:23:57,160 --> 01:23:58,958 So we brought Tranquilino to the room, 666 01:23:59,240 --> 01:24:03,199 and I had Oscar on a computer via the internet and I said, 667 01:24:05,640 --> 01:24:07,790 "Oscar, this is Tranquilino. 668 01:24:08,080 --> 01:24:10,151 "Tranquilino, this is Oscar." 669 01:24:11,440 --> 01:24:13,431 - And Aura Elena says to Tranquilino, 670 01:24:13,720 --> 01:24:14,949 "Do you know who that is'? 671 01:24:15,240 --> 01:24:18,073 "That's your son." 672 01:24:18,400 --> 01:24:19,799 (lively instrumental music) 673 01:24:47,280 --> 01:24:48,270 - Tranquilino calls Oscar 674 01:24:48,600 --> 01:24:50,318 by the name he remembers was Alfredo, Alfredito 675 01:24:50,640 --> 01:24:51,914 which is a diminutive. 676 01:24:52,200 --> 01:24:54,476 What the Lieutenant had done, right, in sort of this act 677 01:24:54,760 --> 01:24:57,070 of mercy that accompanies this act of brutality 678 01:24:57,400 --> 01:24:59,357 is not only had he spared this boy, 679 01:24:59,640 --> 01:25:01,517 but he preserves the name Alfredo Castaneda, 680 01:25:01,800 --> 01:25:02,756 which is his real name. 681 01:25:03,040 --> 01:25:06,271 So he's Oscar Alfredo Ramirez Castaneda. 682 01:26:01,200 --> 01:26:04,795 (gentle instrumental music) 683 01:26:14,240 --> 01:26:16,151 - After Tranquilino got a visa 684 01:26:16,480 --> 01:26:17,993 from the United States government, 685 01:26:18,280 --> 01:26:22,353 we made arrangements for him to fly up here, and meet Oscar. 686 01:28:44,440 --> 01:28:48,320 (lively instrumental music) 687 01:28:52,400 --> 01:28:54,357 - Oscar's DNA profile matching Tranquilino 688 01:28:54,680 --> 01:28:56,353 and proving that they were father and son, 689 01:28:56,680 --> 01:28:59,320 thereby putting Oscar at the scene of the crime, 690 01:28:59,640 --> 01:29:03,599 and having him now be living evidence of what happened. 691 01:29:05,880 --> 01:29:09,999 That was all presented at two different trials in Guatemala. 692 01:29:11,560 --> 01:29:14,200 (crowd clapping) 693 01:29:44,960 --> 01:29:48,874 (lively foreign language music) 694 01:32:18,680 --> 01:32:21,399 (plane whooshing) 695 01:32:51,640 --> 01:32:55,474 (lively instrumental music) 696 01:33:09,680 --> 01:33:13,799 I Took a picture that I'll have to send 697 01:33:19,320 --> 01:33:23,439 I People here are friendly and content 698 01:33:28,920 --> 01:33:33,073 I People here are colorful and bright 699 01:33:38,880 --> 01:33:42,760 ♪ The flowers often bloom at night 700 01:33:48,880 --> 01:33:51,759 I Amanita is the name 701 01:33:52,920 --> 01:33:56,709 I The flowers cover everything 702 01:33:58,360 --> 01:34:02,069 I The flowers cover everything 703 01:34:18,160 --> 01:34:22,279 ♪ The flowers often bloom at night 704 01:34:28,120 --> 01:34:31,238 I Amanita is the name 705 01:34:32,520 --> 01:34:36,195 I They cover over everything 705 01:34:37,305 --> 01:34:43,818 Support us and become VIP member to remove all ads from OpenSubtitles.org 56667

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